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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language: en
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- sdgs
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- sustainability
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- multi-label-classification
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- text-classification
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- luke
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datasets:
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- osdg/osdg-community
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- SDG-AI-Lab/sdgi_corpus
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pipeline_tag: text-classification
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---
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# SDG Classifier: A Fine-Tuned LUKE Model for Multi-Label SDG Classification
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This repository contains the pre-trained model weights (`best_model.pt`) for the paper: **"Bridging the Sustainable Development Goals: A Multi-Label Text Classification Approach for Mapping and Visualizing Nexuses in Sustainability Research"**.
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➡️ **GitHub Repository (Code):** [Insert Link to your GitHub Repository Here]
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➡️ **Paper Link:** [Link to Published Paper will be added upon publication]
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## 📝 Model Description
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This model is a fine-tuned version of `studio-ousia/luke-large-lite` for multi-label text classification of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It has been trained on a uniquely diverse, multi-sectoral, and multilingual corpus designed to achieve high generalization performance across various domains (academic, policy, civil society, etc.).
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The model takes a text input (up to 512 tokens) and outputs a probability score for each of the 17 SDGs, indicating the relevance of the text to each goal.
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## 🚀 How to Use
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This model was trained with a custom classification head in PyTorch. To use it, you need to define the model architecture first and then load the downloaded weights (`best_model.pt`).
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Below is a complete example of how to load the model and perform a prediction.
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```python
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import torch
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from torch import nn
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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from pathlib import Path
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# --- 1. Define the Model Architecture ---
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# This class must match the architecture used during training.
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# You can copy this class from the original training script.
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class SDGClassifier(nn.Module):
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def __init__(self, model_path, pooler_dropout, class_number):
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super(SDGClassifier, self).__init__()
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self.bert = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path)
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self.dropout = nn.Dropout(pooler_dropout)
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self.pooler = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(in_features=self.bert.config.hidden_size, out_features=self.bert.config.hidden_size))
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self.tanh = nn.Tanh()
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self.cls = nn.Linear(in_features=self.bert.config.hidden_size, out_features=class_number)
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def forward(self, input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids, position, labels):
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# Note: 'position' and 'labels' are dummy inputs required by the forward signature,
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# but are not used for inference if labels are not provided.
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bert_output = self.bert(input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids=token_type_ids, output_attentions=True, output_hidden_states=True)
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average_hidden_state = (bert_output.last_hidden_state * attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(1) / attention_mask.sum(1, keepdim=True)
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pooler_output = self.tanh(self.pooler(self.dropout(average_hidden_state)))
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logits = self.cls(pooler_output)
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return logits, average_hidden_state, bert_output.attentions
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# --- 2. Setup and Load Model ---
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device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
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# Model configuration
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BASE_MODEL = 'studio-ousia/luke-large-lite'
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NUM_CLASSES = 17
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DROPOUT_RATE = 0.26 # This is the optimized dropout rate from the paper's training
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# Instantiate the model
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model = SDGClassifier(model_path=BASE_MODEL, pooler_dropout=DROPOUT_RATE, class_number=NUM_CLASSES).to(device)
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model.eval() # Set to evaluation mode
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# Download the fine-tuned weights from this Hub
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model_weights_path = hf_hub_download(
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repo_id="GE-Lab/SDGs-classifier",
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filename="best_model.pt"
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)
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# Load the weights into the model
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model.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_weights_path, map_location=device))
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print("Model loaded successfully!")
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# --- 3. Prepare Input ---
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(BASE_MODEL)
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text = "Our research focuses on renewable energy solutions to combat climate change and ensure a sustainable future for all."
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inputs = tokenizer.encode_plus(
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text,
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None,
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add_special_tokens=True,
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max_length=512,
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padding='max_length',
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return_token_type_ids=True,
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truncation=True,
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return_tensors='pt'
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).to(device)
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# The model's forward pass requires these additional dummy inputs
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inputs['position'] = torch.arange(0, inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
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inputs['labels'] = torch.zeros(1, NUM_CLASSES).to(device) # Dummy labels for inference
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# --- 4. Get Predictions ---
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with torch.no_grad():
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logits, _, _ = model(**inputs)
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probabilities = torch.sigmoid(logits).cpu().numpy()[0]
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predictions = (probabilities > 0.5).astype(int)
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# --- 5. Interpret the Results ---
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goal_contents = ['Goal 1: No Poverty','Goal 2: Zero Hunger','Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being','Goal 4: Quality Education','Goal 5: Gender Equality','Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation','Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy','Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth','Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure','Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities','Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities','Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production','Goal 13: Climate Action','Goal 14: Life Below Water','Goal 15: Life on Land','Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions','Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals']
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print(f"\nText: '{text}'")
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print("\n--- Predicted SDGs (Threshold > 0.5) ---")
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predicted_goals = [goal_contents[i] for i, pred in enumerate(predictions) if pred == 1]
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if predicted_goals:
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for goal in predicted_goals:
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print(goal)
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else:
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print("No SDGs detected with a probability > 0.5")
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print("\n--- All SDG Probabilities ---")
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for i, prob in enumerate(probabilities):
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print(f"{goal_contents[i]:<55}: {prob:.2%}")
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```
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## 📈 Training and Evaluation
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### Training Data
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The model was trained on a novel, heterogeneous corpus of 23,969 multi-labeled documents from 11 diverse sources, including government, academia, industry, and civil society, with some sources translated from Japanese. This approach was designed to address the "interpretive diversity" of SDG-related language.
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For full details on reconstructing the training corpus, please refer to **Supplementary Information S4** in our paper.
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### Evaluation
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This model was selected based on its superior generalization performance (especially recall) on external datasets like the OSDG Community Dataset and the SDGi Corpus. On a human-coded sample of scientific articles, the model achieved a macro-averaged **F1-score of 0.623**. For a full breakdown of performance metrics, please see the paper.
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## 📜 Citation
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If you use this model in your research, please cite our paper:
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```bibtex
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@article{Miyashita2025,
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author = {Naoto Miyashita and Takanori Matsui and Chihiro Haga and Naoki Masuhara and Shun Kawakubo},
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title = {Bridging the Sustainable Development Goals: A Multi-Label Text Classification Approach for Mapping and Visualizing Nexuses in Sustainability Research},
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journal = {Sustainability Science},
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year = {2025},
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% TODO: Add Volume, Pages, DOI upon publication
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}
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```
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