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structure kernel :> kernel =
struct
open HolKernel Abbrev boolLib aiLib dir;
val ERR = mk_HOL_ERR "kernel";
val selfdir = dir.selfdir
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Globals
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val maxinput = ref 16
val simple_search = ref false
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Types
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
type oper2 = int * int -> int
type oper3 = int * int * int -> int
type exec = int * int -> int
type seq = int list
val seq_compare = list_compare Int.compare
fun string_of_seq il = String.concatWith " " (map its il)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Composing semantics and executables
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val error = valOf (Int.maxInt)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
type id = int
datatype prog = Ins of (id * prog list);
fun prog_compare (Ins(s1,pl1),Ins(s2,pl2)) =
cpl_compare Int.compare (list_compare prog_compare) ((s1,pl1),(s2,pl2))
fun equal_prog (a,b) = (prog_compare (a,b) = EQUAL)
fun prog_size (Ins(s,pl)) =
if null pl
then 1 + sum_int (map prog_size pl)
else sum_int (map prog_size pl)
fun all_subprog (p as Ins (_,pl)) = p :: List.concat (map all_subprog pl);
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instructions
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val zero_id = 0
val one_id = 1
val two_id = 2
val addi_id = 3
val diff_id = 4
val mult_id = 5
val divi_id = 6
val modu_id = 7
val cond_id = 8
val loop_id = 9
val var_id = 10
val ind_id = 11
val compr_id = 12
val alpha3 = rpt_fun_type 3 alpha
val alpha4 = rpt_fun_type 4 alpha
val operv = Vector.fromList
[
mk_var ("zero",alpha),
mk_var ("one",alpha),
mk_var ("two",alpha),
mk_var ("addi",alpha3),
mk_var ("diff",alpha3),
mk_var ("mult",alpha3),
mk_var ("divi",alpha3),
mk_var ("modu",alpha3),
mk_var ("cond",alpha4),
mk_var ("loop",alpha4),
mk_var ("var",alpha),
mk_var ("ind",alpha),
mk_var ("compr",alpha3)
]
val maxoper = Vector.length operv
val operav = Vector.map arity_of operv
fun name_of_oper i = fst (dest_var (Vector.sub (operv,i)))
(* time limit per instruction *)
val timelimit = ref (16*16*16*16+1);
val counter = ref 0;
fun start f x = (counter := 0; f x)
(* nullary *)
val zero_f = (fn _ => 0)
val one_f = (fn _ => 1)
val two_f = (fn _ => 2)
val var_f = (fn (a:int,b:int) => a)
val ind_f = (fn (a:int,b:int) => b)
(* first-order *)
val addi_f = op +
val diff_f = op -
val mult_f = op *
val divi_f = op div
val modu_f = op mod
fun cond_f (a,b,c) = if a <= 0 then b else c
(* higher-order operator *)
fun loop_f_aux i f n x =
(
incr counter;
if !counter > !timelimit then raise Div
else if n <= 0 then x
else loop_f_aux (i+1) f (n-1) (f (x,i))
)
fun loop_f f (n,x) =
if n > !timelimit then raise Div else loop_f_aux 1 f n x
fun compr_f_aux x f n0 n =
(
if x > (n0+1)*(n0+1)*256 then raise Div else ();
incr counter;
if !counter > !timelimit then raise Div
else if f (x,0) <= 0 then
(if n0 >= n then x else compr_f_aux (x+1) f (n0+1) n)
else compr_f_aux (x+1) f n0 n
)
fun compr_f f n =
if n > !timelimit orelse n < 0 then raise Div else compr_f_aux 0 f 0 n
(* regroup by arity *)
val nullaryl =
[(zero_id,zero_f),(one_id,one_f),(two_id,two_f),(var_id,var_f),(ind_id,ind_f)]
val nullaryidl = map fst nullaryl
fun is_nullary id = mem id nullaryidl
fun find_nullaryf id = assoc id nullaryl
val nullaryv = Vector.tabulate (maxoper, fn i =>
if can find_nullaryf i then find_nullaryf i else zero_f);
val binaryl =
[(addi_id,addi_f),(diff_id,diff_f),(mult_id,mult_f),(divi_id,divi_f),
(modu_id,modu_f)]
val binaryidl = map fst binaryl
fun is_binary id = id >= addi_id andalso id <= modu_id
fun find_binaryf id = assoc id binaryl
val binaryv = Vector.tabulate (maxoper, fn i =>
if can find_binaryf i then find_binaryf i else addi_f);
fun is_comm id = mem id [addi_id, mult_id]
val binaryidl_nocomm = filter (fn x => not (is_comm x)) binaryidl
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compressed programs
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
fun depend_on_i p = case p of
Ins (id,[]) => id = ind_id
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) => depend_on_i p2 orelse depend_on_i p3
| Ins (_,pl) => exists depend_on_i pl
fun under_lambda p = case p of
Ins (id,[]) => []
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) => p1 :: List.concat (map under_lambda [p1,p2,p3])
| Ins (_,pl) => List.concat (map under_lambda pl)
fun has_lambdai p = case p of
Ins (id,[]) => false
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) => depend_on_i p1
orelse has_lambdai p2 orelse has_lambdai p3
| Ins (_,pl) => exists has_lambdai pl
fun suc_prog n p = if n <= 0 then p else
Ins (addi_id, [suc_prog (n-1) p, Ins (one_id,[])])
fun shift_prog n p = case p of
Ins (id,[]) => if id = var_id then suc_prog n p else p
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) => Ins (9,[p1, shift_prog n p2, shift_prog n p3])
| Ins (12,[p1,p2]) => Ins (12,[p1, shift_prog n p2])
| Ins (id,pl) => Ins (id, map (shift_prog n) pl)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compressed programs
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
type progi = Arbint.int
val progi_compare = Arbint.compare
fun equal_progi (a,b) = (progi_compare (a,b) = EQUAL)
fun suc x = x + 1
fun pred x = x - 1
local open Arbint in
val arbmaxoper = fromInt (suc maxoper)
fun zip_prog prog =
let
fun polish (Ins (id,pl)) = fromInt (suc id) :: List.concat (map polish pl)
fun loop r il = case il of
[] => r
| a :: m => loop (r * arbmaxoper + a) m
in
loop zero (rev (polish prog))
end
fun unzip_progl arbi =
let
val (q,r) = Arbint.divmod (arbi, arbmaxoper)
val id = pred (toInt r)
val a = Vector.sub (operav,id)
val pl = if q = zero then [] else unzip_progl q
val (pla,plb) = part_n a pl
in
Ins (id,pla) :: plb
end
fun unzip_prog arbi = singleton_of_list (unzip_progl arbi)
val hseq_modw = fromInt 2115908027
fun pi_to_hseq pi =
let val (q,r) = Arbint.divmod (pi, hseq_modw) in
if q = zero
then [toInt r]
else toInt r :: pi_to_hseq q
end
end (* local *)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Possible inputs
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val entryl = List.concat [
List.tabulate (16,fn x => (x,0)),
List.tabulate (8,fn x => (x,1)),
List.tabulate (4,fn x => (x,2)),
List.tabulate (2,fn x => (x,3)),
List.tabulate (1,fn x => (x,4))
];
val entryl16 = first_n 16 entryl
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Execute a program on some input
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
fun compose1 f f1 x = f (f1 x)
fun compose2 f f1 f2 x = f (f1 x, f2 x)
fun compose3 f f1 f2 f3 x = f (f1 x, f2 x, f3 x)
fun mk_exec_aux prog = case prog of
Ins (id,[]) => Vector.sub (nullaryv,id)
| Ins (12,[p1,p2]) =>
compose1 (compr_f (mk_exec_aux p1)) (mk_exec_aux p2)
| Ins (id,[p1,p2]) =>
compose2 (Vector.sub (binaryv,id)) (mk_exec_aux p1) (mk_exec_aux p2)
| Ins (8,[p1,p2,p3]) =>
compose3 cond_f (mk_exec_aux p1) (mk_exec_aux p2) (mk_exec_aux p3)
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) =>
compose2 (loop_f (mk_exec_aux p1)) (mk_exec_aux p2) (mk_exec_aux p3)
| _ => raise ERR "mk_exec" ""
fun mk_exec p =
let val exec = start (mk_exec_aux p) in
(fn x => ((exec x,!counter) handle Overflow => (error,!counter)))
end
fun not_semdep_on_i e31 =
let
val (e16,e15) = part_n 16 e31
val (e8,e7) = part_n 8 e15
val (e4,e3) = part_n 4 e7
val (e2,e1) = part_n 2 e3
in
seq_compare (first_n 8 e16, e8) = EQUAL andalso
seq_compare (first_n 4 e16, e4) = EQUAL andalso
seq_compare (first_n 2 e16, e2) = EQUAL andalso
seq_compare (first_n 1 e16, e1) = EQUAL
end
fun semtimo_of_prog p =
let val f = mk_exec p in
if not (depend_on_i p)
then
let
val e16 = map f entryl16
val r =
(e16 @ first_n 8 e16 @ first_n 4 e16 @ first_n 2 e16 @ first_n 1 e16)
val (sem,timl) = split r
val tim = 31 + sum_int timl
in
SOME (sem,tim)
end
handle Div => NONE
else
let
val r = map f entryl
val (sem,timl) = split r
val tim = 31 + sum_int timl
in
if not_semdep_on_i sem then NONE else SOME (sem,tim)
end
handle Div => NONE
end
fun semo_of_prog p = Option.map fst (semtimo_of_prog p)
fun same_sem p1 p2 = case (semo_of_prog p1, semo_of_prog p2) of
(SOME l1, SOME l2) => seq_compare (l1,l2) = EQUAL
| _ => false
val sem_of_prog = valOf o semo_of_prog
fun seq_of_prog p = first_n 16 (sem_of_prog p)
fun is_executable x = isSome (semo_of_prog x)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applications of an instruction syntactically from compressed programs
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
fun papp_nullop id = Ins (id,[])
fun papp_binop id (p1,p2) = Ins (id, [p1,p2])
fun papp_ternop id (p1,p2,p3) = Ins (id,[p1,p2,p3])
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human readable output
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val constnorm_flag = ref false
val polynorm_flag = ref true
val imperative_flag = ref false
fun itsm i = if i < 0 then "-" ^ its (~i) else its i
fun mk_xn vn = if vn = ~1 then "x" else "X"
fun mk_in vn = if vn = ~1 then "i" else "I"
fun constnorm prog = case prog of
Ins (0,[]) => 0
| Ins (1,[]) => 1
| Ins (2,[]) => 2
| Ins (3,[p1,p2]) => addi_f (constnorm p1,constnorm p2)
| Ins (4,[p1,p2]) => diff_f (constnorm p1,constnorm p2)
| Ins (5,[p1,p2]) => mult_f (constnorm p1,constnorm p2)
| Ins (6,[p1,p2]) => divi_f (constnorm p1,constnorm p2)
| Ins (7,[p1,p2]) => modu_f (constnorm p1,constnorm p2)
| _ => raise ERR "constnorm" ""
fun polyaddi l1 l2 = case (l1,l2) of
(l1,[]) => l1
| ([],l2) => l2
| (a1 :: m1, a2 :: m2) => addi_f (a1,a2) :: polyaddi m1 m2
fun polydiff l1 l2 = case (l1,l2) of
(l1,[]) => l1
| ([],l2) => polydiff (List.tabulate (length l2, fn _ => 0)) l2
| (a1 :: m1, a2 :: m2) => diff_f (a1,a2) :: polydiff m1 m2
fun polymult l1 l2 = case (l1,l2) of
(l1,[]) => raise ERR "polymult" ""
| ([],l2) => raise ERR "polymult" ""
| (l1,[a]) => map (fn x => mult_f (a,x)) l1
| ([a],l2) => map (fn x => mult_f (a,x)) l2
| (a1 :: m1, l2) =>
polyaddi (map (fn x => mult_f (a1,x)) l2) (polymult m1 (0 :: l2))
fun polydivi l1 l2 = case (l1,l2) of
([a],[b]) => [divi_f (a,b)]
| _ => raise ERR "polydivi" ""
fun polymodu l1 l2 = case (l1,l2) of
([a],[b]) => [modu_f (a,b)]
| _ => raise ERR "polymodu" ""
fun polynorm prog = case prog of
Ins (0,[]) => [0]
| Ins (1,[]) => [1]
| Ins (2,[]) => [2]
| Ins (3,[p1,p2]) => polyaddi (polynorm p1) (polynorm p2)
| Ins (4,[p1,p2]) => polydiff (polynorm p1) (polynorm p2)
| Ins (5,[p1,p2]) => polymult (polynorm p1) (polynorm p2)
| Ins (6,[p1,p2]) => polydivi (polynorm p1) (polynorm p2)
| Ins (7,[p1,p2]) => polymodu (polynorm p1) (polynorm p2)
| Ins (10,[]) => [0,1]
| _ => raise ERR "polynorm" ""
fun string_of_mono vn (a,i) =
(if a = 1 andalso i <> 0 then "" else
if a = ~1 andalso i <> 0 then "-" else itsm a) ^
(if (a = 1 andalso i <> 0) orelse
(a = ~1 andalso i <> 0) orelse
(i = 0)
then "" else "*") ^
(if i = 0 then "" else if i = 1 then mk_xn vn else mk_xn vn ^
(if !imperative_flag then "**" else "^") ^ its i)
fun string_of_poly vn l =
let val l1 = filter (fn x => fst x <> 0) (number_snd 0 l) in
if null l1 then "0" else
let val s = String.concatWith " + " (map (string_of_mono vn) (rev l1)) in
if length l1 = 1 then s else "(" ^ s ^ ")"
end
end
fun polyaddil l = case l of
[] => []
| a :: m => polyaddi a (polyaddil m)
fun polymultl l = case l of
[] => raise ERR "polymultl" ""
| [a] => a
| a :: m => polymult a (polymultl m)
fun rm_par s =
if String.size s = 0 then s else
if String.sub (s,0) = #"(" andalso String.sub (s,String.size s - 1) = #")"
then String.substring (s,1,String.size s - 2)
else s;
(* regroup polynoms in repeated addition/substraction and
multiplications *)
fun strip_addi p = case p of
Ins (3,[p1,p2]) =>
let
val (a1,b1) = strip_addi p1
val (a2,b2) = strip_addi p2
in
(a1 @ a2, b1 @ b2)
end
| Ins (4,[p1,p2]) =>
let
val (a1,b1) = strip_addi p1
val (a2,b2) = strip_addi p2
in
(a1 @ b2, a2 @ b1)
end
| _ => ([p],[])
fun strip_mult p = case p of
Ins (5,[p1,p2]) => strip_mult p1 @ strip_mult p2
| _ => [p]
fun is_loop (Ins(id,pl)) = (mem id [9,12])
val ctxt = ref []
val funn = ref 0
fun incrs s = s ^ " = " ^ s ^ " + 1";
fun decrs s = s ^ " = " ^ s ^ " - 1";
fun human vn prog =
if !constnorm_flag andalso can constnorm prog then its (constnorm prog) else
case prog of
Ins (3,[p1,p2]) =>
if !polynorm_flag
then reg_add vn prog
else "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " + " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
| Ins (4,[p1,p2]) =>
if !polynorm_flag
then reg_add vn prog
else "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " - " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
| Ins (5,[p1,p2]) =>
if !polynorm_flag
then reg_mult vn prog
else "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " * " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
| Ins (6,[p1,p2]) =>
if !imperative_flag
then "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " // " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
else "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " div " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
| Ins (7,[p1,p2]) =>
if !imperative_flag
then "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " % " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
else "(" ^ human vn p1 ^ " mod " ^ human vn p2 ^ ")"
| Ins (8,[p1,p2,p3]) =>
if !imperative_flag
then "(" ^ rm_par (human vn p2) ^ " if " ^
rm_par (human vn p1) ^ " <= 0 else " ^
rm_par (human vn p3) ^ ")"
else "(if " ^
rm_par (human vn p1) ^ " <= 0 then " ^ rm_par (human vn p2) ^ " else " ^
rm_par (human vn p3) ^ ")"
| Ins (9,[p1,p2,p3]) =>
let
val wn = (!funn)
val _ = incr funn
val s1 = rm_par (human (~1) p1)
val s2 = human wn p2 ^ " + 1"
val s3 = rm_par (human wn p3)
val fs = "f" ^ its wn
val fprev1 = if depend_on_i prog
then fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn wn ^ "," ^ mk_in wn ^ ")"
else fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn wn ^ ")"
val fprev2 = if depend_on_i prog
then fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn vn ^ "," ^ mk_in vn ^ ")"
else fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn vn ^ ")"
val fs_head = "def " ^ fprev1 ^ ":"
in
if !imperative_flag then
let val cs =
[fs_head,
" x = " ^ s3,
" " ^ "for i in range (1," ^ s2 ^ "):",
" x = " ^ s1,
" return x", ""]
in
ctxt := !ctxt @ cs; fprev2
end
else
"loop(\\(x,i)." ^ s1 ^ ", " ^
rm_par (human (~1) p2) ^ ", " ^ rm_par (human (~1) p3) ^ ")"
end
| Ins (10,[]) => mk_xn vn
| Ins (11,[]) => mk_in vn
| Ins (12,[p1,p2]) =>
let
val wn = (!funn)
val _ = incr funn
val s1 = rm_par (human (~1) p1)
val s2 = rm_par (human wn p2)
val fs = "f" ^ its wn
val fprev1 = if depend_on_i prog
then fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn wn ^ "," ^ mk_in wn ^ ")"
else fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn wn ^ ")"
val fprev2 = if depend_on_i prog
then fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn vn ^ "," ^ mk_in vn ^ ")"
else fs ^ "(" ^ mk_xn vn ^ ")"
val fs_head = "def " ^ fprev1 ^ ":"
in
if !imperative_flag then
let val cs = [fs_head,
" x,i = 0,0",
" while i <= " ^ s2 ^ ":",
" if " ^ s1 ^ " <= 0:",
" i = i + 1",
" x = x + 1",
" return x - 1", ""]
in
ctxt := !ctxt @ cs; fprev2
end
else
"compr(\\x." ^ s1 ^ ", " ^ rm_par (human (~1) p2) ^ ")"
end
| Ins (s,[]) => its s
| Ins (s,l) => "(" ^ its s ^ " " ^
String.concatWith " " (map (human vn) l) ^ ")"
and reg_add vn p =
let
val (pl1,pl2) = strip_addi p
val (pl1a,pl1b) = partition (can polynorm) pl1
val (pl2a,pl2b) = partition (can polynorm) pl2
val pl1n = map polynorm pl1a
val pl2n = map polynorm pl2a
fun human_addl pl = case pl of
[] => raise ERR "reg_add" ""
| [a] => human vn a
| _ => "(" ^ String.concatWith " + " (map (human vn) pl) ^ ")"
val polyo = if null pl1n andalso null pl2n then NONE else
SOME (polydiff (polyaddil pl1n) (polyaddil pl2n))
in
case (polyo,pl1b,pl2b) of
(NONE,[],[]) => raise ERR "reg_add 2" ""
| (NONE,_,[]) => human_addl pl1b
| (NONE,[],_) => "-" ^ human_addl pl2b
| (NONE,_,_) => "(" ^ human_addl pl1b ^ " - " ^ human_addl pl2b ^ ")"
| (SOME poly,[],[]) => string_of_poly vn poly
| (SOME poly,_,[]) => "(" ^ string_of_poly vn poly ^
" + " ^ human_addl pl1b ^ ")"
| (SOME poly,[],_) => "(" ^ string_of_poly vn poly ^
" - " ^ human_addl pl2b ^ ")"
| (SOME poly,_,_) => "(" ^ string_of_poly vn poly ^
" + " ^ human_addl pl1b ^ " - " ^ human_addl pl2b ^ ")"
end
and reg_mult vn p =
let
val pl = strip_mult p
val (pla,plb) = partition (can polynorm) pl
fun human_multl pl = case pl of
[] => raise ERR "reg_mult" ""
| [a] => human vn a
| _ => "(" ^ String.concatWith " * " (map (human vn) pl) ^ ")"
val polyo = if null pla then NONE else
SOME (polymultl (map polynorm pla))
in
case (polyo,plb) of
(NONE,[]) => raise ERR "reg_mult 2" ""
| (NONE,_) => human_multl plb
| (SOME poly,[]) => string_of_poly vn poly
| (SOME poly,_) => "(" ^ string_of_poly vn poly ^ " * " ^
human_multl plb ^ ")"
end
fun humanf p =
let
val _ = imperative_flag := false
val s = human (~1) p
val _ = imperative_flag := false
in s end
fun humani ntop p =
let
val _ = imperative_flag := true
val _ = ctxt := []
val _ = funn := 0
val ps =
if not (is_loop p) then
let
val wn = !funn
val _ = incr funn
val fs = "f" ^ its wn
val xs = mk_xn wn
val s = rm_par (human wn p)
val head = "def " ^ fs ^ "(" ^ xs ^ "):\n return " ^ s ^ "\n"
val test = "for x in range(" ^ its ntop ^
"):\n print (" ^ fs ^ "(x))"
val ps' = String.concatWith "\n" (!ctxt @ [head,test])
in ps' end
else
let
val wn = !funn
val fs = "f" ^ its wn
val s = rm_par (human wn p)
val test = "for x in range(" ^ its ntop ^
"):\n print (" ^ fs ^ "(x))"
val ps' = String.concatWith "\n" (!ctxt @ [test])
in ps' end
val _ = ctxt := []
val _ = imperative_flag := false
in
ps
end
(*
load "mcts"; open aiLib kernel mcts;
let val p = random_prog 20 in
print_endline (humanf p ^ "\n");
print_endline (humani p)
end;
*)
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Timer
------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
val search_time = ref (Time.fromReal 60.0)
val search_steps = ref (valOf (Int.maxInt))
val rt_glob = ref (Timer.startRealTimer ())
val rti_glob = ref 0
exception SearchTimeout;
fun init_timer () =
(rti_glob := 0; rt_glob := Timer.startRealTimer ())
fun check_timer () =
(
if !rti_glob mod 100000 = 0 then print "." else ();
if !rti_glob > !search_steps orelse
(!rti_glob mod 100 = 0 andalso
Timer.checkRealTimer (!rt_glob) > !search_time)
then raise SearchTimeout
else incr rti_glob
)
end (* struct *)