diff --git "a/988a2301-3b79-4538-9f76-bc641fb8793b.json" "b/988a2301-3b79-4538-9f76-bc641fb8793b.json"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/988a2301-3b79-4538-9f76-bc641fb8793b.json"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "interaction_id": "988a2301-3b79-4538-9f76-bc641fb8793b",
+ "search_results": [
+ {
+ "page_name": "The Color Purple \u2014 History, Meaning and Facts",
+ "page_url": "https://www.hunterlab.com/blog/the-color-violet/",
+ "page_snippet": "William Henry Perkin accidentally created mauve \u2014 and the world\u2019s first synthetic dye \u2014 during a failed chemistry experiment. The musician Prince often wore purple, so Pantone released a purple shade in his honor.The first shade of purple produced was Tyrian purple, created from Bolinus brandaris sea snails. Dye makers harvested mucus from the shell and heated it in an alkaline solution. The dipped yarn in this solution and exposed it to sunlight, turning it purple. About 250,000 snails were required to make an ounce of purple dye. In the United States, the highest honor for bravery in military service is the Purple Heart. William Henry Perkin accidentally created mauve \u2014 and the world\u2019s first synthetic dye \u2014 during a failed chemistry experiment. However, excessive purple can cause feelings of frustration and aggravation. The first shade of purple produced was Tyrian purple, created from Bolinus brandaris sea snails. Dye makers harvested mucus from the shell and heated it in an alkaline solution. The dipped yarn in this solution and exposed it to sunlight, turning it purple. The musician Prince often wore purple, so Pantone released a purple shade in his honor. Around 3,000 years ago, the Ancient Phoenicians discovered how to make a rich purple dye that became more brilliant over time. Purple was worn exclusively by the upper class, and artists commissioned by the Catholic Church also depicted Jesus and the Virgin Mary in purple. This exclusivity made purple a rare color among commoners until the Age of Enlightenment.",
+ "page_result": "",
+ "page_last_modified": ""
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "The Color Purple \u2014 History, Meaning and Facts",
+ "page_url": "https://www.hunterlab.com/blog/the-color-violet/",
+ "page_snippet": "William Henry Perkin accidentally created mauve \u2014 and the world\u2019s first synthetic dye \u2014 during a failed chemistry experiment. The musician Prince often wore purple, so Pantone released a purple shade in his honor.The first shade of purple produced was Tyrian purple, created from Bolinus brandaris sea snails. Dye makers harvested mucus from the shell and heated it in an alkaline solution. The dipped yarn in this solution and exposed it to sunlight, turning it purple. About 250,000 snails were required to make an ounce of purple dye. In the United States, the highest honor for bravery in military service is the Purple Heart. William Henry Perkin accidentally created mauve \u2014 and the world\u2019s first synthetic dye \u2014 during a failed chemistry experiment. However, excessive purple can cause feelings of frustration and aggravation. The first shade of purple produced was Tyrian purple, created from Bolinus brandaris sea snails. Dye makers harvested mucus from the shell and heated it in an alkaline solution. The dipped yarn in this solution and exposed it to sunlight, turning it purple. The musician Prince often wore purple, so Pantone released a purple shade in his honor. Around 3,000 years ago, the Ancient Phoenicians discovered how to make a rich purple dye that became more brilliant over time. Purple was worn exclusively by the upper class, and artists commissioned by the Catholic Church also depicted Jesus and the Virgin Mary in purple. This exclusivity made purple a rare color among commoners until the Age of Enlightenment.",
+ "page_result": "",
+ "page_last_modified": ""
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "5 Facts about the colour Purple or is it Violet?",
+ "page_url": "https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/5facts-the-colour-purple-violet/",
+ "page_snippet": "A hundred thousand welcomes or an Irish \u2018C\u00e9ad M\u00edle F\u00e1ilte\u2019 to our 20th blog issue on all things Oil Painting. If you have been following us, you will know that we are currently making our way through the Secondary Colours. In our last issue, we looked at the colour Green.Lets take a look at 5 facts on the colour purple or is it Violet? The shades of violet used in oil painting. Which purple to choose and how to mix your violets. Now, if you have been following my progress to date, on this website or any of the social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook or LinkedIn, you will notice that I used to paint a lot of originals and studies after Monet with the colour Violet. * So, what\u2019s the difference between purple and violet???? Well, first off, violet is a true colour, that forms part of the electromagnetic spectrum first identified by Sir Isaac Newton in the 1660\u2019s and forms part of the 7 colours of the rainbow. So, what\u2019s the difference between purple and violet???? Well, first off, violet is a true colour, that forms part of the electromagnetic spectrum first identified by Sir Isaac Newton in the 1660\u2019s and forms part of the 7 colours of the rainbow. As a rule of thumb, violet is bluer than purple which is more reddish in tone. In this week\u2019s issue, we are taking a very high-level look at the colour PURPLE\u2026..Or is the correct term VIOLET? Now, if you have been following my progress to date, on this website or any of the social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook or LinkedIn, you will notice that I used to paint a lot of originals and studies after Monet with the colour Violet.",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n5 Facts about the colour Purple or is it Violet?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\nSkip to content\n
A hundred thousand welcomes or an Irish \u2018C\u00e9ad M\u00edle F\u00e1ilte\u2019 to our 20th blog issue on all things Oil Painting. \nIf you have been following us, you will know that we are currently making our way through the Secondary Colours. In our last issue, we looked at the colour Green. In this week\u2019s issue, we are taking a very high-level look at the colour PURPLE\u2026..Or is the correct term VIOLET? \nNow, if you have been following my progress to date, on this website or any of the social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook or LinkedIn, you will notice that I used to paint a lot of originals and studies after Monet with the colour Violet. *
So, what\u2019s the difference between purple and violet????
\n
Well, first off, violet is a true colour, that forms part of the electromagnetic spectrum first identified by Sir Isaac Newton in the 1660\u2019s and forms part of the 7 colours of the rainbow.
\n
As a rule of thumb, violet is bluer than purple which is more reddish in tone. Other shades/terms for violet include Lilac and Tyrian Purple, Orcil, Magenta, Mauve or Heliotrope. (St. Clair, 2016)
\n
Violet/purple has been around since prehistoric times with traces of it having been found in the caves of Altamira and Lascaux (Ball, 2001).
\n
According to Kassia St Clair in her wonderful book \u2013 \u2018The Secret Lives of Colour (2016)\u2019, Tyrian purple was \u2018a symbol of the wealthy and elite, helped establish the link with the divine\u2019 and was the toga colour choice of Julius Caesar when he came home to Rome after Cleopatra birth him a son. It was made from \u2018two varieties of shellfish native to the Mediterranean\u2019 where \u2018the liquid harvest from the shellfish glands was placed into a vat of stale urine (for the ammonia) and allowed to ferment for 10 days before the cloth was added. As \u2018each specimen contained a single drop it took around 250,000 to make an ounce of dye.\u2019
\n
FACT 2 – SHADES OF VIOLET \u2013 THE IMPRESSIONIST\u2019S CHOICE
\n
NOTE: Again, these facts have been extracted from Kassia St Clair\u2019s book \u2013 The Secret Lives of Colour.
\n
In 1874, Degas, Monet, Cezanne, Pissarro founded the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers &c., and organised their first show, as a protest or snub to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, which had just rejected their work for the prestigious annual Salon Exhibition. At the time, the establishment was equally scathing about the Impressionists and the journalist and art critic for Le Charivari newspaper \u2018Louis Leroy accused Monet\u2019s Impression, Sunrise of not being a finished painting at all but a mere preparatory sketch\u2019. (St Clair, 2016)
\n
IMPRESSION SUNRISE \n(1872) \nClaude Monet (1840\u20131926) \nMus\u00e9e Marmottan Monet
\n
\u2018Many concluded that the artists were, to a man, completely mad, or at the very least suffering from a hitherto unknown disease, which they dubbed \u2018violettomania\u2019. It would be as difficult to persuade Pissarro that the trees were not violet, joked one, as to persuade the inmate of a lunatic asylum that he wasn\u2019t the Pope in the Vatican. Another wondered if the artists\u2019 fascination with the colour was a result of the Impressionists spending too much time en plain air\u2019 \u2026.. Alfred de Lostalot, \u2018hypothesised that\u2019 Monet\u2019 \u2018might be among the rare number of people who could see into the ultraviolet part of the spectrum\u2019 \u2026.. \u2018He and his friends see purple\u2026.[T]he crowd sees otherwise; hence the disagreement.\u2019 \u00a0(St Clair, 2016 & O. Reutersv\u00e4rd, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol 9 No.2 (Dec, 1950))
\n
The impressionists were of the view \u2018that shadows were never really black or grey, but coloured\u2019. (St Clair, 2016) They also believed \u2018that since the complementary colour to the yellow of the sunlight was violet, it made sense that this would be the colour of the shade\u2019. (St Clair, 2016)
\n
FACT 3 \u2013 VIOLETS TO CHOOSE FROM
\n
The following is a simple guide of some of the Violets currently available on the market. (I got this listing from the K&M Evans website.)
\n
For ease of reference, I have also bolded the Violets currently in my own painting kit. However, I generally make up my own shades of Violet, which, I suggest is a good idea. Especially, if you are a beginner, as this way you will learn a lot more about colour mixing.
\n
Gamblin (6no.)
\n
\n
Cobalt Violet
\n
Quinacridone Violet
\n
Manganese Violet
\n
Dioxazine Purple
\n
Radiant Violet
\n
Ultramarine Violet
\n
\n
MICHAEL HARDING (additional Violets to the above)
\n
\n
Amethyst
\n
Deep Purple (Dioxaxine)
\n
Cobalt Violet Dark
\n
Cobalt Violet Light
\n
\n
OLD HOLLAND (additional Violets to the above)
\n
\n
Ultramarine Red Pink
\n
Old Holland Violet Grey
\n
Royal Purple Lake
\n
Manganese Violet-Reddish
\n
Manganese Violet-blueness
\n
Dioxazine Mauve
\n
Schev Purple Brown
\n
Cadmium Red Purple
\n
Scheveningen Violet
\n
Old Holland Bright Violet
\n
\n
WINSOR NEWTON ARTIST (additional Violets to the above)
\n
\n
Violet Dioxine
\n
Permanent Mauve
\n
Purple Madder
\n
Mauve Blue Shade
\n
Purple Lake
\n
Windsor Violet Dioxine
\n
\n
FACT 4 \u2013 HOW TO MIX YOUR VIOLETS
\n
When mixing colours, always check your initial colours before mixing and ask yourself which colour it leans more towards. If you are not too sure by looking at the original colour, then add a little Titanium White to it or as I have done, Zinc White and this should help with seeing the true colour undertone.
\n
Just to note that Zinc White is a transparent white, which I had to hand, so you might be better sticking to Titanium White which is opaque (i.e. you cannot see through it).
\n
So, if we look at the following colours: –
\n
\n
Ultramarine Blue – is more blue violet
\n
Cerulean Blue – is more blue-green
\n
\n
\n
Quinacridone Violet (Magenta) – is more red violet
\n
Cadmium Red – is more red orange
\n
\n
If you mix Cerulean Blue and Cadmium Red you are going to get a muddy/dull brownish violet.
\n
Whereas, if you mixed Ultramarine Blue with Quinacridone Violet, as shown below, you will get a brighter more vibrant violet, as there is more of a violet bias in both of these colours. So, when mixed, the red and blue cancel themselves out and you are then left with the remainder which is violet.
\n
To desaturate/dull your VIOLETS just add its complement YELLOW \u2013 YES that\u2019s the colour opposite to it on the colour wheel.
\n
Also, if you want to make your Violets SING on a painting then place a warm or cool yellow depending on whether your purple is warm or cool beside it. So, if you have a warm Violet such as cobalt violet then try a cool yellow such as Cadmium Lemon Yellow, Hansa Yellow or Naples Yellow with White beside it.
\n
Another colour that works really well with Violet is Yellow Green which you can use in various values and if you include Yellow Orange you will be working with a split complement \u2013 which is the colours either side to the main complement, which in this case is YELLOW.
\n
To lighten your Violet, you can create a TINT \u2013 by adding titanium white or darken it by adding ivory black which is called a SHADE.
\n
A little more on Violet\u2026.
\n
A SIMPLE VALUE AND COLOUR GUIDE \u2013 (WITH 1 BEING THE DARKEST VALUE AND 10 BEING THE LIGHTEST VALUE)
\n
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
COLOUR
\n
VALUE
\n
TEMPERATURE
\n
\n\n\n
\n
Dioxazine Purple
\n
2
\n
COOL
\n
\n
\n
Ultramarine Violet
\n
2
\n
COOL
\n
\n
\n
Quinacridone Violet
\n
2
\n
COOL
\n
\n
\n
Manganese Violet
\n
2
\n
Warm
\n
\n
\n
Quinacridone Violet
\n
3
\n
COOL
\n
\n
\n
Cobalt Violet
\n
3
\n
WARM
\n
\n
\n
Radiant Violet
\n
7
\n
COOL
\n
\n\n
\n
\n
FACT 5 \u2013 FAMOUS ARTISTS WHO USED VIOLET
\n
The most famous artist to use violet would have probably been, Monet, so check out his Lily, Haystack, Snow and Rouen Cathedral Series of paintings. But a few more artists include Marc Chagall, Andre Derain, Rothko and Matisse to name a few. However, I thought you might like the following 3 images from O\u2019Keefe, Cassatt and Van Gogh.
\n
PURPLE LEAVES \n(1922) \nGeorgia O\u2019Keefe (1887-1986) \nDayton Art Institute (DAI), USA
LES IRIS \n(1889) \nVincent Van Gogh (1853 \u2013 1890) \nJ. Paul Getty Museum \nCalifornia, USA.
\n
In our next blog, in two weeks\u2019 time, we will be looking at the colour Orange.
\n
Over the next few months, we will also be gradually opening back up the studio for workshops \u2013 if you would like to be kept informed as to the timetable and workshops on offer feel free to subscribe to our waiting list.
\n
\u00a0Until then stay safe and keep painting.
\n
Emily McCormack 2021
\n
* As always, I am not affiliated with any brands, stores, or persons I may or may not mention and your use of any of these products, links and the like are your own risk and it’s up to you to do your research/homework before you use them. This is just my opinion and experience.
\n
\n
Become an insider, subscribe to receive
\n
\n
Stunning previews of new art, discounts, painting tips and early booking for painting workshops.
\nPage load link\n\n\n\nGo to Top\n\n\n\n\n\n",
+ "page_last_modified": ""
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "Shades of violet - Wikipedia",
+ "page_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_violet",
+ "page_snippet": "The term violet has different meanings in different languages, countries and epochs. Even among many modern speakers within the English-speaking world there is confusion about the terms purple and violet. The blue-dominated spectral color beyond blue is referred to as purple by many speakers ...The term violet has different meanings in different languages, countries and epochs. Even among many modern speakers within the English-speaking world there is confusion about the terms purple and violet. The blue-dominated spectral color beyond blue is referred to as purple by many speakers in the United States, but this color is called violet by many speakers in the United Kingdom. The blue-dominated spectral color beyond blue is referred to as purple by many speakers in the United States, but this color is called violet by many speakers in the United Kingdom. In some British authoritative texts the term purple refers to any mixture of red and blue, suggesting the color term purple covers the full range between red and blue in the United Kingdom. In some British authoritative texts the term purple refers to any mixture of red and blue, suggesting the color term purple covers the full range between red and blue in the United Kingdom. In other texts it is the term violet that covers the same full range of colors. The uncertainty about the range of meanings of the color terms violet and purple is even larger when other languages and historical texts are considered. The uncertainty about the range of meanings of the color terms violet and purple is even larger when other languages and historical texts are considered. Although pure spectrum violet is outside the color gamut of the RGB color space, the three colors displayed below are rough approximations of the range of colors of actual spectral violet, although the accuracy of the approximation can vary depending on the individual's color vision, and on the color rendition of one's computer monitor. The color Chinese violet is displayed at right. The first recorded use of Chinese violet as a color name in English was in 1912.",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\nShades of violet - Wikipedia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJump to content\n
\nThe color violet is named for the violet flower.\n
Violet is a color term derived from the flower of the same name. There are numerous variations of the color violet, a sampling of which are shown below.\n
The term violet has different meanings in different languages, countries and epochs. Even among many modern speakers within the English-speaking world there is confusion about the terms purple and violet.[2] The blue-dominated spectral color beyond blue is referred to as purple by many speakers in the United States, but this color is called violet by many speakers in the United Kingdom.[3][4] In some British authoritative texts the term purple refers to any mixture of red and blue, suggesting the color term purple covers the full range between red and blue in the United Kingdom.[3] In other texts it is the term violet that covers the same full range of colors.[5] \nThe uncertainty about the range of meanings of the color terms violet and purple is even larger when other languages and historical texts are considered.[6]\n
Although pure spectrum violet is outside the color gamut of the RGB color space, the three colors displayed below are rough approximations of the range of colors of actual spectral violet, although the accuracy of the approximation can vary depending on the individual's color vision, and on the color rendition of one's computer monitor.\n
The tertiary color on the HSV color wheel (also known as the RGB color wheel) precisely halfway between blue and magenta is called color wheel violet. This tone of violet\u2014an approximation of the color violet at about 417 nanometers as plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram\u2014is shown at right. This tone of violet is actually somewhat toward indigo assuming indigo is accepted as a separate spectrum color, usually quoted as having a range of from about 420 to 450 nanometers.[8] Another name for this color is near violet.\n
The color at right, electric violet, is the closest approximation to middle spectrum violet that can be made on a computer screen, given the limitations of the sRGBcolor gamut. It is an approximation of the color violet at about 400 nanometers as plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, in the middle of the violet range of from 380 nanometers to 420 nanometers, assuming indigo as a separate spectrum color from 420 to 450 nanometers.[8] Other names for this color are middle violet or simply violet.\n
\nDisplayed at right is the color vivid violet, a color approximately equivalent to the violet seen at the extreme edge of human visual perception.[citation needed] When plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, it can be seen that this is a hue corresponding to that of a visual stimulus of approximately 380 nm on the spectrum. Thus another name for this color is extreme violet.
The so-called web color \"violet\" is in actuality not really a tint of violet, a spectral color, but is a non-spectral color. The web color violet is actually a rather pale tint of magenta because it has equal amounts of red and blue (the definition of magenta for computer display), and some of the green primary mixed in, unlike most other variants of violet that are closer to blue. This same color appears as \"violet\" in the X11 color names.\n
The color box at right displays the web color dark violet which is equivalent to pigment violet, i.e., the color violet as it would typically be reproduced by artist's paints, colored pencils, or crayons as opposed to the brighter \"electric\" violet above that it is possible to reproduce on a computer screen.[citation needed]\n
Compare the subtractive colors to the additive colors in the two primary color charts in the article on primary colors to see the distinction between electric colors as reproducible from light on a computer screen (additive colors) and the pigment colors reproducible with pigments (subtractive colors); the additive colors are a lot brighter because they are produced from light instead of pigment.[citation needed]\n
Pigment violet (web color dark violet) represents the way the color violet was always reproduced in pigments, paints, or colored pencils in the 1950s.\nBy the 1970s, because of the advent of psychedelic art, artists became used to brighter pigments, and pigments called \"Violet\" that are the pigment equivalent of the electric violet reproduced in the section above became available in artists pigments and colored pencils.[citation needed] (When approximating electric violet in artists pigments, a bit of white pigment is added to pigment violet.[citation needed])\n
At right is displayed the color French violet, which is the tone of violet that is called violet in the Pourpre.com color list, a color list widely popular in France.\n
The color Japanese violet or Sumire is shown at right.\n
This is the color called \"violet\" in the traditional Japanese colors group, a group of colors in use since beginning in 660 CE in the form of various dyes \nthat are used in designing kimono.[20][21]\n
The name of this color in Japanese is sumire-iro, meaning \"violet color\".\n
Spanish violet is the color that is called Violeta (the Spanish word for \"violet\") in the Gu\u00eda de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and \nJuan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.\n
Grape is a color that is a representation of the color of grapes.\n
It is currently unknown when grape was first used as a color name in English, but in 1994, \"grape\" was made into one of the Crayola Magic Scent crayon colors.\n
At right is displayed the color lavender. This color may also be called lavender (floral) or floral lavender to distinguish it from the web color lavender. It is the color of the central part of the lavender flower.\n
The first recorded use of the word lavender as a color term in English was in 1705.[25]\n
Since the color lavender has a hue code of 275, it may be regarded as a light tone of violet.\n
Mauve (from the French form of Malva \"mallow\") is a color that is named after the mallowflower. Another name for the color is mallow[27] with the first recorded use of mallow as a color name in English in 1611.[28]\n
Since the color mauve has a hue code of 276, it may be regarded as a pale tone of violet.\n
^\u00c7elik, Tantek; Lilley, Chris, eds. (18 January 2022). \"CSS Color Module Level 3\". W3C. w3.org. Retrieved 10 September 2022.\n
\n
^Fehrman, K.R.; Fehrman, C. (2004). Color - the secret influence. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.\n
\n
^ abMatschi, M. (2005). \"Color terms in English: Onomasiological and Semasiological aspects\". Onomasiology Online. 5: 56\u2013139.\n
\n
^Spence, N. (1989). \"The Linguistic Field of Colour Terms in French\". Zeitschrift f\u00fcr romanische Philologie. 105 (5\u20136): 472\u2013497. doi:10.1515/zrph.1989.105.5-6.472. S2CID161984015.\n
\n
^Cooper, A.C.; McLaren, K. (1973). \"The ANLAB colour system and the dyer's variables of \"shade\" and strength\". J. Soc. Dyers Colorists. 89 (2): 41\u201345. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1973.tb03128.x.\n
\n
^Tager, A.; Kirchner, E.; Fedorovskaya, E. (2021). \"Computational evidence of first extensive usage of violet in the 1860s\". Color Research & Application. 46 (5): 961\u2013977. doi:10.1002/col.22638. S2CID233671776.\n
\n
^In the HSV color space, mapped by the sRGB color rendition system, the color violet (color wheel) is defined as the color with a hue of 270 degrees, which is the color exactly half way between blue and magenta on the RGB color wheel.\n
^Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Gu\u00eda de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN84-89840-31-8\n
\n
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 194; Color Sample of Russian Violet: Page 111 Plate 44 Color Sample K11\n
\n
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called lavender in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color lavender is displayed on page 109, Plate 43, Color Sample C5.\n
\n
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197\n
\n
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called mauve in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color \"mallow\" is displayed on Page 125, Plate 51, Color Sample I3 Note: It is stated in A Dictionary of Color that mallow and mauve are two different names used in English to refer to exactly the same color--the name mallow came into use in 1611 and mauve came into use as its synonym in 1856--see under the entry for each name on page 198 in the Index. See also discussion of the color Mallow (Mauve) on page 166.\n
\n
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198\n
\n
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198; Color Sample of Mallow: Page 125 Plate 51 Color Sample I3\n
\n\n\n\n",
+ "page_last_modified": " Tue, 19 Mar 2024 21:55:12 GMT"
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "Violet (color) - Wikipedia",
+ "page_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_(color)",
+ "page_snippet": "The first cobalt violet, the intensely red-violet cobalt arsenate, was highly toxic. Although it persisted in some paint lines into the 20th century, it was displaced by less toxic cobalt compounds such as cobalt phosphate. Cobalt violet appeared in the second half of the 19th century, broadening the palette of artists with its range of purple ...The first cobalt violet, the intensely red-violet cobalt arsenate, was highly toxic. Although it persisted in some paint lines into the 20th century, it was displaced by less toxic cobalt compounds such as cobalt phosphate. Cobalt violet appeared in the second half of the 19th century, broadening the palette of artists with its range of purple colors. In New Age thinking, purple and/or violet is associated with the crown chakra. One European study suggests that violet is the color people most often associate with extravagance, individualism, vanity and ambiguity. The word violet as a color name derives from the Middle English and Old French violete, in turn from the Latin viola, the name of the violet flower. The first recorded use as a color name in English was in 1370. The word violet as a color name derives from the Middle English and Old French violete, in turn from the Latin viola, the name of the violet flower. The first recorded use as a color name in English was in 1370. Violet is closely associated with purple. In optics, violet is a spectral color: It refers to the color of any different single wavelength of light on the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum (between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers), whereas purple is the color of various combinations of red, blue and violet light, some of which humans perceive as similar to violet. Orcein began to achieve popularity again in the 19th century, when violet and purple became the color of demi-mourning, worn after a widow or widower had worn black for a certain time, before he or she returned to wearing ordinary colors. In the 18th century, chemists in England, France and Germany began to create the first synthetic dyes. It is the violet pigment most commonly used today by artists, along with manganese violet. Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was the first synthetic organic chemical dye, discovered serendipitously in 1856. Its chemical name is 3-amino-2,\u00b19-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7-(p-tolylamino) phenazinium acetate.",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\nViolet (color) - Wikipedia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJump to content\n
B: Normalized to [0\u2013255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0\u2013100] (hundred)
\n
Violet is the color of light at the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum. It is one of the seven colors that Isaac Newton labeled when dividing the spectrum of visible light in 1672. Violet light has a wavelength between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers.[2] The color's name is derived from the Viola genus of flowers.[3][4]\n
In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, violet is produced by mixing red and blue light, with more blue than red. In the RYB color model historically used by painters, violet is created with a combination of red and blue pigments and is located between blue and purple on the color wheel. In the CMYK color model used in printing, violet is created with a combination of magenta and cyan pigments, with more magenta than cyan. On the RGB/CMY(K) color wheel, violet is located between blue and magenta.\n
Violet is closely associated with purple. In optics, violet is a spectral color (referring to the color of different single wavelengths of light), whereas purple is the color of various combinations of red and blue (or violet) light,[5][6] some of which humans perceive as similar to violet. In common usage, both terms are used to refer to a variety of colors between blue and red in hue.[7][8][9]\n
Violet has a long history of association with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye was extremely expensive in antiquity.[10] The emperors of Rome wore purple togas, as did the Byzantine emperors. During the Middle Ages, violet was worn by bishops and university professors and was often used in art as the color of the robes of the Virgin Mary.[11] In Chinese painting, the color violet represents the \"unity transcending the duality of Yin and yang\" and \"the ultimate harmony of the universe\".[12] In New Age thinking, purple and/or violet is associated with the crown chakra.[13] One European study suggests that violet is the color people most often associate with extravagance, individualism, vanity and ambiguity.[14]\n
\nThe line of purples circled on the CIE chromaticity diagram. The bottom left of the curved edge is violet. Points near and along the circled edge are purple.\n
The word violet as a color name derives from the Middle English and Old Frenchviolete, in turn from the Latin viola, the name of the violet flower.[3][4] The first recorded use as a color name in English was in 1370.[15]\n
Violet is closely associated with purple. In optics, violet is a spectral color: It refers to the color of any different single wavelength of light on the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum (between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers),[16][17] whereas purple is the color of various combinations of red, blue and violet light,[5][6] some of which humans perceive as similar to violet. In common usage, both terms are used to refer to a variety of colors between blue and red in hue.[7][8][9] Historically, violet has tended to be used for bluer hues and purple for redder hues.[7][18][19] In the traditional color wheel used by painters, violet and purple are both placed between red and blue, with violet being closer to blue.[20]\n
Violet is at one end of the spectrum of visible light, between blue light, which has a longer wavelength, and ultraviolet light, which has a shorter wavelength and is not usually[citation needed] visible to humans. Violet wavelengths are between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers. Violet objects often appear dark, because human vision becomes less sensitive at wavelengths this short.[citation needed] The reason why to (typical trichromat) humans violet light appears a bit reddish compared to spectral blue (despite spectral red being at the other end of the visible spectrum) is, according to the opponent process hypothesis of color vision, that the S-cone type (i.e. the one most sensitive to short wavelengths) contributes a bit of red to the red-versus-green opponent channel (which at the longer blue wavelengths gets counteracted by the M-cone type).[21] Computer and television screens, using the RGB color model, cannot produce actual violet light and instead mimic it by combining blue light at high intensity with red light at less intensity.\n
Violet objects are normally composed-light violet. Objects reflecting spectral violet appear very dark, because human vision is relatively insensitive to those wavelengths.[citation needed] Monochromatic lamps emitting spectral-violet wavelengths can be roughly approximated by the color named electric violet, which is a composed-light violet producing a similar effect to the human eye.[citation needed]\n
The earliest violet pigments used by humans, found in prehistoric cave paintings, were made from the minerals manganese and hematite. Manganese is still used today by the Aranda people, a group of indigenous Australians, as a traditional pigment for coloring the skin during rituals. It is also used by the Hopi Indians of Arizona to color ritual objects.\n
The most famous violet-purple dye in the ancient world was Tyrian purple, made from a type of sea snail called the murex, found around the Mediterranean.\n
In western Polynesia, residents of the islands made a violet dye similar to Tyrian purple from the sea urchin. In Central America, the inhabitants made a dye from a different sea snail, the purpura, found on the coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The Mayans used this color to dye fabric for religious ceremonies, and the Aztecs used it for paintings of ideograms, where it symbolized royalty.[22]\n
During the Middle Ages, most artists made purple or violet on their paintings by combining red and blue pigments; usually blue azurite or lapis-lazuli with red ochre, cinnabar or minium. They also combined lake colors by mixing dye with powder; woad or indigo dye for blue and cochineal dye for red.[22]\n
Orcein, or purple moss, was another common violet dye. It was known to the ancient Greeks and Hebrews, was made from a Mediterranean lichen called archil or dyer's moss (Roccella tinctoria), combined with an ammoniac, usually urine. Orcein began to achieve popularity again in the 19th century, when violet and purple became the color of demi-mourning, worn after a widow or widower had worn black for a certain time, before he or she returned to wearing ordinary colors.[23]\n
In the 18th century, chemists in England, France and Germany began to create the first synthetic dyes. Two synthetic purple dyes were invented at about the same time. Cudbear is a dye extracted from orchillichens that can be used to dye wool and silk, without the use of mordant. Cudbear was developed by Cuthbert Gordon of Scotland: production began in 1758, The lichen is first boiled in a solution of ammonium carbonate. The mixture is then cooled and ammonia is added and the mixture is kept damp for 3\u20134 weeks. Then the lichen is dried and ground to powder. The manufacture details were carefully protected, with a ten-foot high wall built around the manufacturing facility, and staff consisting of Highlanders sworn to secrecy.\n
French purple was developed in France at about the same time. The lichen is extracted by urine or ammonia. Then the extract is acidified, the dissolved dye precipitates and is washed. Then it is dissolved in ammonia again, the solution is heated in air until it becomes purple, then it is precipitated with calcium chloride; the resulting dye was more solid and stable than other purples.\n
Cobalt violet is a synthetic pigment that was invented in the second half of the 19th century, and is made by a similar process as cobalt blue, cerulean blue and cobalt green. It is the violet pigment most commonly used today by artists, along with manganese violet.\n
\nIn the 1950s, a new family of violet synthetic organic pigments called quinacridones came onto the market. They had originally been discovered in 1896, synthesized in 1936 and manufactured in the 1950s. The colors in the group range from deep red to violet in color, and have the molecular formula C20H12N2O2. They have strong resistance to sunlight and washing, and are used in oil paints, watercolors and acrylics, as well as in automobile coatings and other industrial coatings.
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
In amethyst, the violet color arises from an impurity of iron in the quartz.
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
Chemical structure of pigment violet 29. Violet pigments typically have several rings.
Violet is one of the oldest colors used by humans. Traces of very dark violet, made by grinding the mineral manganese, mixed with water or animal fat and then brushed on the cave wall or applied with the fingers, are found in the prehistoric cave art in Pech Merle, in France, dating back about 25,000 years. It has also been found in the cave of Altamira and Lascaux.[26] It was sometimes used as an alternative to black charcoal. Sticks of manganese, used for drawing, have been found at sites occupied by Neanderthals in France and Israel. From the grinding tools at various sites, it appears it may also have been used to color the body and to decorate animal skins.\n
More recently, the earliest dates on cave paintings have been pushed back farther than 35,000 years. Hand paintings on rock walls in Australia may be even older, dating back as far as 50,000 years.\n
Berries of the genus rubus, such as blackberries, were a common source of dyes in antiquity. The ancient Egyptians made a kind of violet dye by combining the juice of the mulberry with crushed green grapes. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder reported that the Gauls used a violet dye made from bilberry to color the clothing of slaves. These dyes made a satisfactory purple, but it faded quickly in sunlight and when washed.[27]\n
Violet and purple retained their status as the color of emperors and princes of the church throughout the long rule of the Byzantine Empire.\n
While violet was worn less frequently by Medieval and Renaissance kings and princes, it was worn by the professors of many of Europe's new universities. Their robes were modeled after those of the clergy, and they often wore square violet caps and violet robes, or black robes with violet trim.\n
Violet also played an important part in the religious paintings of the Renaissance. Angels and the Virgin Mary were often portrayed wearing violet robes. The 15th-century Florentine painter Cennino Cennini advised artists: \"If you want to make a lovely violet colour, take fine lacca, ultramarine blue (the same amount of the one as of the other)...\" For fresco painters, he advised a less-expensive version, made of a mixture of blue indigo and red hematite.[28]\n
In the 18th century, purple was a color worn by royalty, aristocrats and other wealthy people. Good-quality purple fabric was too expensive for ordinary people.\n
The first cobalt violet, the intensely red-violet cobalt arsenate, was highly toxic. Although it persisted in some paint lines into the 20th century, it was displaced by less toxic cobalt compounds such as cobalt phosphate. Cobalt violet appeared in the second half of the 19th century, broadening the palette of artists with its range of purple colors. Cobalt violet was used by Paul Signac (1863\u20131935), Claude Monet (1840\u20131926) and Georges Seurat (1859\u20131891).[29] Today, cobalt ammonium phosphate, cobalt lithium phosphate and cobalt phosphate are available for use by artists. Cobalt ammonium phosphate is the most reddish of the three. Cobalt phosphate is available in two varieties \u2014 a deep less saturated blueish type and a lighter and brighter somewhat more reddish type. Cobalt lithium phosphate is a saturated lighter-valued bluish violet. A color similar to cobalt ammonium phosphate, cobalt magnesium borate, was introduced in the later 20th century but was not deemed sufficiently lightfast for artistic use. Cobalt violet is the only truly lightfast purple pigment with relatively strong color saturation. All other light-stable purple pigments are dull by comparison. The high price of the pigment and the toxicity of cobalt have limited its use.\n
In the 1860s, the popularity of using violet colors suddenly rose among painters and other artists.[7] For example, Vincent van Gogh (1853\u20131890) was an avid student of color theory. He used violet in many of his paintings of the 1880s, including his paintings of irises and the swirling and mysterious skies of his starry night paintings, and often combined it with its complementary color, yellow. In his painting of his bedroom in Arles (1888), he used several sets of complementary colors; violet and yellow, red and green and orange and blue. In a letter about the painting to his brother Theo, he wrote, \"The color here...should be suggestive of sleep and repose in general....The walls are a pale violet. The floor is of red tiles. The wood of the bed and the chairs are fresh butter yellow, the sheet and the pillows light lemon green. The bedspread bright scarlet. The window green. The bed table orange. The bowl blue. The doors lilac....The painting should rest the head or the imagination.\"[30]\n
In 1856, a young British chemist named William Henry Perkin was trying to make a synthetic quinine. His experiments produced instead an unexpected residue, which turned out to be the first synthetic aniline dye, a deep purple[7] color called mauveine, or abbreviated simply to mauve (the dye being named after the lighter color of the mallow [mauve] flower). Used to dye clothes, it became extremely fashionable among the nobility and upper classes in Europe, particularly after Queen Victoria wore a silk gown dyed with mauveine to the Royal Exhibition of 1862. Prior to Perkin's discovery, mauve was a color which only the aristocracy and rich could afford to wear. Perkin developed an industrial process, built a factory, and produced the dye by the ton so almost anyone could wear mauve. It was the first of a series of modern industrial dyes which completely transformed both the chemical industry and fashion.[31]\n
\nFive presidents in the oval office. The two more recent presidents, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, are wearing violet ties.\n
Violet or purple neckties became popular at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, particularly among political and business leaders.[citation needed]\n
In a European survey, three percent of respondents said violet is their favorite color, ranking it behind blue, green, red, black and yellow (in that order), and tied with orange. Ten percent called it their least favorite color; brown, pink and gray were more unpopular.[14]\n
Because of its status as the color of Roman emperors, monarchs and princes, purple and violet are often associated with luxury. Certain luxury goods, such as watches and jewelry, are often placed in boxes lined with violet velvet, since violet is the complementary color of yellow and shows gold to best advantage.\n
While violet is the color of humility in the symbolism of the Catholic Church, it has exactly the opposite meaning in general society. A European poll in 2000 showed it was the color most commonly associated with vanity.[32] As a color that rarely exists in nature and so attracts attention, it is seen as a color of individualism and extravagance.\n
\nA Japanese woman in the kimono style popular in the Heian period (794\u20131185) with a violet head covering.\n
In Japan, violet was a popular color introduced into dress during the Heian period (794\u20131185). The dye was made from the root of the alkanet plant (Anchusa officinalis), known as murasaki in Japanese. At about the same time, Japanese painters began to use a pigment made from the same plant.[33]\n
The \"New Age Prophetess\", Alice Bailey, in her system called the Seven Rays which classifies humans into seven different metaphysical psychological types, the \"seventh ray\" of \"Ceremonial Order\" is represented by the color violet. People who have this metaphysical psychological type are said to be \"on the Violet Ray\".[34]\n
After the Vatican II Council, which modified many of the rules of the Catholic church, priests began to wear violet robes when celebrating masses for the dead. Black was no longer used, since it was the color of mourning outside the church and deemed inappropriate in a religious ceremony.[37]\n
\nThe Susan B. Anthony stamp (1936), was the reddish tone of purple sometimes known as red-violet since violet was a color that represented the Women's Suffrage movement.\n
In the early 20th century, violet, white and gold were the colors of the women's suffrage movement in the United States, seeking the right to vote for women. The colors were said to represent liberty and dignity.[39][40] For this reason, the postage stamp issued in 1936 to honor Susan B. Anthony, a prominent leader of the suffrage movement in the United States, was colored the reddish tone of violet sometimes known as red-violet.\n
Violet flowers and their color became symbolically associated with lesbian love.[46] It was used as a special code by lesbians and bisexual women for self-identification and also to communicate support for the sexual preference.[47][48] This connection originates from the poet Sappho and fragments of her poems. In one poem, she describes a lost love wearing a garland of \"violet tiaras, braided rosebuds, dill and crocus twined around\" her neck.[49] In another fragment, she recalls her lover as having \"put around yourself [many wreaths] of violets and roses.\"[50][51]\n
The labrys lesbian flag, created in 1999 by graphic designer Sean Campbell,[52][53] features a labrys superimposed on the inverted black triangle set against a violet background.[54][55]\n
^ abcdeTager, A.; Kirchner, E.; Fedorovskaya, E. (2021). \"Computational evidence of first extensive usage of violet in the 1860s\". Color Research & Application. 46 (5): 961\u2013977. doi:10.1002/col.22638. S2CID233671776.\n
\n
^ abFehrman, K.R.; Fehrman, C. (2004). Color - the secret influence. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.\n
^ abEva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques. p. 4. \"La plus individualist et extravagant des coulours.\" (associated by 26 percent of respondents to survey with \"extravagance\", by 22 percent with \"individualism\", 24 percent with \"vanity\", 21 percent with \"ambiguity\").\n
\n
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 207\n
\n
^J. W. G. Hunt (1980). Measuring Color. Ellis Horwood Ltd. ISBN0-7458-0125-0.\n
\n
^Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy. \"Spectral Colors\". HyperPhysics site. Retrieved 20 October 2017.\n
\n
^\"violet, n.1\". OED Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 April 2020.\n
\n
^\"Violet\". Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Retrieved 6 April 2020.\n
^ abAnne Carichon (2000), Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples. p. 133\n
\n
^Anne Carichon (2000), Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples. p. 144\n
\n
^Hubner K (2006). \"History \u2013 150 Years of mauveine\". Chemie in unserer Zeit. 40 (4): 274\u2013275. doi:10.1002/ciuz.200690054.\n
\n
^Anthony S. Travis (1990). \"Perkin's Mauve: Ancestor of the Organic Chemical Industry\". Technology and Culture. 31 (1): 51\u201382. doi:10.2307/3105760. JSTOR3105760. S2CID112031120.\n
\n
^Phillip Ball (2001), Bright earth- Art and the Invention of Colour, p. 84\n
\n
^Anne Varichon (2000), Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples, p. 146\u2013148\n
\n
^Lara Broecke, Cennino cennini's Il Libro dell'Arte: a New English Translation and Commentary with Italian Transcription, Archetype 2015, p. 115\n
\n
^Isabel Roelofs (2012), La couleur expliqu\u00e9e aux artistes, p. 52\u201353\n
\n
^John Gage (2006), La Couleur dans l'art, p. 50\u201351. Citing Letter 554 from Van Gogh to Theo. (translation of excerpt by D.R. Siefkin)\n
\n
^Garfield, S. (2000). Mauve: How One Man Invented a Colour That Changed the World. Faber and Faber, London, UK. ISBN978-0-571-20197-6.\n
\n
^Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques, p. 167\n
\n
^Anne Varichon, Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples, p. 139\n
^\"St. Germain\" (dictated through Elizabeth Clare Prophet) Studies in Alchemy: the Science of Self-Transformation 1974:Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA Summit Lighthouse Pages 80\u201390 [Occult] Biographical sketch of St. Germain\n
^Horak, Laura (2016). \"Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926\u20131928)\". Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934. Rutgers University Press. pp. 143\u2013144. ISBN978-0-8135-7483-7.\n
^\"Gay Symbols Through the Ages\". The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Boston, Massachusetts: Alyson Publications. 1989. pp. 99\u2013100. ISBN0-932870-19-8.\n
Roelofs, Isabelle (2012). La couleur expliqu\u00e9e aux artistes. Groupe Eyrolles. ISBN978-2-212-13486-5.
\n
Broecke, Lara (2015). Cennino Cennini's Il Libro dell'Arte: a New English Translation and Commentary with Italian Transcription. Archetype. ISBN978-1-909492-28-8.
![\"Emily](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/emily-mccormack-artist-logo-sticky.png\"){kind=logo}
\n\n![\"The](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/the-colour-purple-or-violet.jpg\" "\\"The")
![\"originals](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/originals-and-studies-colour-violet.jpg\")
![\"Impression,](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/impression-sunrise.jpg\" "\\"Impression,")
![\"paintings](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/paintings-by-monet-and-cezanne.jpg\" "\\"paintings")
![\"how](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/mixing-violets.jpg\" "\\"how")
![\"6](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/6segment-colour-wheel.png\" "\\"6")
![\"The](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/the-colour-wheel.png\" "\\"The")
![\"purple](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/purple-leaves.jpg\" "\\"purple")
![\"Summertime\"](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/summertime.jpg\" "\\"Summertime\\"")
![\"LES](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/les-iris.jpg\" "\\"LES")
![\"Working](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/working-with-discover-boyne-valley.jpg\")
![\"Member](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/meath-made-logo.jpg\"){kind=logo}
![\"Member](\"https://www.emilymccormack-artist.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/vaa-member-logo-monochrome-3.png\"){kind=logo}
![\"\"](\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\"){kind=icon}
\n\t![\"Wikipedia\"](\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg\")
\n\t\t![\"The](\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg\")
\n\t![\"Page](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Color_icon_violet.png\"){kind=icon}
![\"About](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/15px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png\")
![\"Dog](\"/wiki/File:Dog_Violet_flower_(16181835536).jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Purple_African_Violet_Top.JPG\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Fresh_purple_grapes.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Topped_lavender02.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Flower,_Common_mallow_-_Flickr_-_nekonomania.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Chinese_Wisteria_Bl%C3%BCtentrauben.JPG\")
![\"\"](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\"){kind=logo}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shades_of_red.png/90px-Shades_of_red.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Color_icon_yellow.svg/90px-Color_icon_yellow.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/90px-Color_icon_green.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/CyanIcon.png/90px-CyanIcon.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Color_icon_blue.svg/90px-Color_icon_blue.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MagentaIcon.png/90px-MagentaIcon.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Shades_of_orange.svg/90px-Shades_of_orange.svg.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Shades_of_chartreuse.svg/90px-Shades_of_chartreuse.svg.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Shades_of_spring_green.svg/90px-Shades_of_spring_green.svg.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Shades_of_azure.svg/90px-Shades_of_azure.svg.png\")
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Color_icon_violet_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_violet_v2.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Color_icon_pink.svg/90px-Color_icon_pink.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Color_icon_brown_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_brown_v2.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Color_icon_purple_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_purple_v2.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Color_icon_pink_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_pink_v2.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Color_icon_white.svg/90px-Color_icon_white.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Color_icon_gray_v2.svg/90px-Color_icon_gray_v2.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Color_icon_black_new2.png/90px-Color_icon_black_new2.png\"){kind=icon}
![\"\"](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\")
![](\"/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg\")
![\"\"](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Amatista_Laye_2.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Chasublepurple.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Manganese_violet.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Devon_Violets._Viola_odorata_(33624079715).jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Line_of_purples.png\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Linear_visible_spectrum.svg\")
![\"Chemical](\"/wiki/File:Pigment_Violet_29.svg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Messina_Straits_Argyropelecus_hemigymnus.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:PurpleUrchinPuertoVG.JPG\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Xylocopa_violacea-Abeille_charpenti%C3%A8re-201606102.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Cinnyricinclus_leucogaster_-_20080321.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Violet_Sabrewing_JCB.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Amazona_imperialis_-Roseau_-Dominica_-aviary-6a-3c.jpg\")
![\"Lobelia\"](\"/wiki/File:Lobelia_(aka).jpg\")
![\"Crocus](\"/wiki/File:-_Crocus_-.jpg\")
![\"Lilac](\"/wiki/File:Royal_Botanical_Gardens_Lilac_Celebration.JPG\")
![\"Pansy](\"/wiki/File:Pens%C3%A9es_violettes_et_noires.JPG\")
![\"Sweet](\"/wiki/File:Viole.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Iris_sanguinea_2007-05-13_361.jpg\")
![\"Lavender](\"/wiki/File:Vaucluse_lavanda.jpg\")
![\"Wisteria](\"/wiki/File:Glycine_(Wisteria).jpg\")
![\"An](\"/wiki/File:Aubergine.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:The_Wilton_Diptych_(Right).jpg\")
![\"A](\"/wiki/File:Rafael_-_Ressurrei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Cristo_(detalhe_-_anjo).jpg\")
![\"Charles](\"/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre_expo._Jean_Ranc48_Ranc_Jean_infant_Charles.jpg\")
![\"In](\"/wiki/File:Arthur_Hughes_-_April_Love_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\")
![\"Nocturne:](\"/wiki/File:Whistler_James_Nocturne_Trafalgar_Square_Chelsea_Snow_1876.jpg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:VanGogh-starry_night.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Five_Presidents_Oval_Office.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Jidai_Matsuri_2009_161.jpg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Sahasrara_Mandala.svg\")
![](\"/wiki/File:Susan_B_Anthony-3c.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg\"){kind=logo}
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dominica.svg\")
![\"Flag](\"/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg\")
![\"The](\"/wiki/File:Suffragette_flag_(United_Kingdom).svg\")
![\"Wiphala](\"/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Qulla_Suyu.svg\")
![\"Edit](\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\"){kind=icon}
![Stained glass window in the Cathedral of the Angels in Los Angeles, California depicting God the Father wearing a purple/violet robe:](\"/wiki/File:LA_Cathedral_Mausoleum_Coronation_of_Mary.jpg\"){kind=link}