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+id,subject,prompt,A,B,C,D,E,answer
+1,world_history,Sumer and Egypt were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT,agricultural dependence on the silt left behind by flooding,belief in a polytheistic religion centered on deities of nature,enjoyment of protection from invasion by natural barriers,development of distinct systems of written language,engagement in trade with other nearby cultures,C
+2,world_history,A follower of the Chinese philosophy of Daoism would MOST agree with which statement?,Government intrusiveness should be kept to a minimum.,Government works best when run by well-educated men.,Government should be focused on strengthening the state.,Governments that allow too much freedom are doomed to fail.,Governments have an obligation to suppress independent thought.,A
+3,world_history,Which of these was NOT a characteristic of early humans in the Paleolithic Age?,Ability to make and use simple tools,Tendency to live in permanent settlements,Reliance on hunting and gathering techniques,Propensity for creating artistic cave drawings,Mastery of fire for cooking and heating purposes,B
+4,world_history,Buddhism was founded in part as a response to questions about which faith?,Islam,Daoism,Judaism,Hinduism,Christianity,D
+5,world_history,The Kush city of Meroe rose to prominence mainly because of its natural supply of,salt,iron,gold,grain,silver,B
+6,world_history,"During the first Punic War, the Romans were MOST interested in acquiring Sicily because it",offered an array of natural resources,could serve as a strategic military base,would allow Rome to avenge civilian losses,would increase Rome's ability to trade with the East,could serve as a key location in a Carthaginian invasion of Italy,A
+7,world_history,The Battle of Thermopylae was key to Athenian victory in the Persian War because it,prevented the Persians from reaching and sacking Athens itself,wiped out a large portion of the Persian army before it reached Athens,delayed the Persians' approach and gave the Athenians time to prepare,eliminated the Persian navy and forced them to rely on a land attack,weakened Persian morale and left the soldiers unwilling to fight,C
+8,world_history,Who split the Roman Empire into two halves?,Augustus,Diocletian,Julius Caesar,Constantine,Marc Antony,B
+9,world_history,Usage of the Silk Roads for trade declined near the end of the Han dynasty primarily due to,economic conditions that made long-distance trade too expensive,constant warfare that made roads unsafe for travel,a decrease in the demand for silk goods in the Mediterranean,a devastating shortage of Chinese silk,epidemic disease that traveled along the roads and decimated the population,E
+10,world_history,"During the Dorian period, Greece experienced food shortages as the result of a",period of unusually warm and dry weather conditions,decrease in trade with other Mediterranean cultures,long-term agricultural blight that damaged crops,trend of immigration out of the Greek mainland,war with Persia that used significant resources,D
+11,world_history,"When the Mongols took control of China and established the Yuan dynasty, they did all of the following EXCEPT",build their own communities separate from the Chinese,adopt the Chinese form of centralized government,attempt to invade Japan and Southeast Asia,establish a new version of the civil service exam,allow for greater religious freedom,D
+12,world_history,"The invasion of the Byzantine territory by the Seljuk Turks led to a weakening of the Byzantine Empire, primarily due to",the political unrest and civil war that spread throughout the empire,a reduction in both food supply and the ability to collect taxes,a disruption of trade with other Mediterranean cultures,a widespread religious upheaval and Islamic conversion,the outbreak of epidemic disease that decimated the population,B
+13,world_history,"In the ninth century, the Vikings invaded other European communities primarily to",decide territorial disputes,incite religious fervor,resolve food shortages,establish trade embargoes,cause economic distress,C
+14,world_history,The reemergence of trade brought about by the Crusades was mainly facilitated through the shipping ports of which country?,France,Spain,Greece,Portugal,Italy,E
+15,world_history,Which of the following statements about how the Maya and the Aztec were similar is INCORRECT?,They both had a three-tiered social class system.,They both practiced ritual human sacrifice.,They both occupied part of the Yucatán Peninsula.,They both were conquered by the Spaniards.,They both were made up of a collection of city-states.,D
+16,world_history,Which factor was MOST responsible for the collapse of the Mughal Empire?,Enemy invasion,Religious unrest,Economic distress,Peasant revolts,Succession disputes,E
+17,world_history,The Northern Renaissance MOST differed from the Italian Renaissance in that it,failed to significantly emphasize the visual arts,placed greater importance on religious devotion,largely rejected the concept of humanism,did not increase the prevalence of secularism,increased dissonance among Christians,B
+18,world_history,Who developed and taught the doctrine of predestination?,John Knox,Martin Luther,Ulrich Zwingli,John Calvin,Thomas More,D
+19,world_history,Portugal's MAIN motivation for seeking an alternate route to the East was to,establish a direct trading relationship with China,compete with Spain and its holdings in the New World,end the Italian and Muslim dominance of trade,lay claim to all trade rights in the Indian Ocean,begin colonizing key areas of Southwest Asia,C
+20,world_history,The Seven Years' War was MOST beneficial for which nation?,Britain,France,Russia,Spain,Italy,A
+21,world_history,Which of these was part of the French National Assembly's initial plan for government reform?,Constitutional republic,Dictatorship,Limited monarchy,Absolute monarchy,Democracy,C
+22,world_history,"The Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary prevented the English monarch from doing all of the following, EXCEPT",interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament,levying taxes without legislative approval,suspending any law passed by Parliament,refusing to hear grievances made by citizens,imprisoning subjects without due cause,E
+23,world_history,The Louisiana Purchase provided France with significant funding for,rehabilitating the economy after Louis XVI's extravagant spending,establishing a new republican government following the failure of the previous one,overthrowing the monarch and starting a new government under the Jacobins,financing Napoléon's campaign to conquer Europe and build a French Empire,rebuilding the nation after the defeat at the Battle of Waterloo,D
+24,world_history,Simón Bolívar was MOST interested in leading revolutions against Spain in the Americas because he wanted to,rule the entire region as a dictator,establish a unified Latin American state,force the Spanish into North America,isolate the region from outside influences,transfer colonial control from Spain to France,B
+25,world_history,"In taking the Tennis Court Oath, the National Assembly vowed to",establish a republican government,overthrow the oppressive monarchy,boycott all unfair taxes,write a new state constitution,install a military dictatorship,D
+26,world_history,The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England primarily resulted from,widespread overpopulation,increased trade,national prosperity,agricultural innovation,abundance of resources,D
+27,world_history,The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 was a meeting of European imperialist powers designed to peacefully negotiate,terms of trade with China,control over the African continent,disputes over ports in Southeast Asia,rights to former Ottoman territories,international trading policies in Europe,B
+28,world_history,The Boxer Rebellion of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a response to the,forced opening of Japanese ports,oppressive rule of the British in India,foreign intrusion into China,economic distress caused by the French in Vietnam,dominance of the Dutch in Indonesia,C
+29,world_history,Economist Adam Smith's laissez-faire theory supported the notion that governments should,refrain from interfering with private business,exercise direct control over private business,regulate private business only in times of crisis,maintain a set of minimal business regulations,regulate only domestic businesses,A
+30,world_history,Economic imperialism was different from other forms of colonial dominance in that the,colonial territory was entirely dependent on the imperial power,imperialist power directly controlled the government of the colonial territory,region under imperialist influence was controlled by private businesses,imperialist power held exclusive trading rights over a region,colonial territory was allowed to operate its own independent government,C
+31,world_history,Why were Hitler's attacks on Great Britain during World War II ultimately unsuccessful?,The Luftwaffe was unable to inflict significant damage.,American forces came to Britain's aid.,The attacks were too costly for the Nazis to sustain.,German forces could not carry out a ground attack.,The British were able to track Nazi planes with radar.,E
+32,world_history,"In 1917, the United States entered World War I after learning of a German plot to",seize control of U.S. territories in Southeast Asia,launch a surprise attack on U.S. naval forces,help Mexico retake land it had lost to the United States,attack several U.S. major coastal cities,destroy any U.S. ocean liners encountered,C
+33,world_history,"During the civil war in Russia, most of the people supported Lenin's Red Army because they",feared the White Army would return the czar to power,were promised great economic prosperity by Lenin,wanted to isolate themselves from Western influences,were coerced by aggressive communist propaganda,believed the Red Army would attack them otherwise,A
+34,world_history,What did the term Anschluss mean to Hitler and the Germans?,A surprise attack on enemy forces,The purification of the Aryan race,An invasion of France and Britain,The unification of Germany and Austria,A secret police force,D
+35,world_history,The American military resorted to the use of atomic weapons because,American troops had no way to enter the Japanese mainland,a ground invasion would result in too many casualties,American forces would not be able to access necessary resources on the mainland,Japanese ground forces were supported by additional Korean forces,the American public wanted the war to end as quickly as possible,B
+36,world_history,What is the primary reason the Soviet Union installed communist regimes in Eastern Europe after World War II?,To prevent the spread of democracy,To insulate itself from the West,To take control of trade in the region,To increase its supply of natural resources,To help spread communism through Europe,B
+37,world_history,Why did the Korean War ultimately end in a stalemate?,Because UN forces were unable to penetrate North Korean territory,Because the South Korean government was not supported by the Korean people,Because Soviet forces threatened to enter the battle on North Korea's behalf,Because the Chinese entered the war and forced UN troops to retreat,Because the North Koreans did not have the resources to take South Korea entirely,D
+38,world_history,"In response to Ho Chi Minh's victory over the French in 1954, the Geneva Conference",formally condemned Ho and called for his removal,recognized Vietnam as an entirely independent nation,split Vietnam into a communist north and democratic south,enacted international economic embargoes against Vietnam,petitioned the United Nations to send troops to restore French control,C
+39,world_history,"The war that followed the formation of the Jewish state of Israel resulted in all of the following, EXCEPT",Israeli control of the West Bank,the establishment of Palestinian refugee camps,Israeli seizure of land intended for the Palestinians,Egyptian control over the Gaza Strip,Israeli victory over Arab forces,A
+40,world_history,Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika was an attempt to stabilize the Soviet Union by,encouraging discussion about government,reducing political corruption,restructuring the economy,allowing more foreign trade,promoting the further spread of communism,C
+41,world_history,Which of these has been the MOST important factor in the rise of globalized trade?,Increase in world population,Emergence of multinational corporations,Decline in regional national resources,Breakdown of protective tariffs,Enhancement of communications technologies,D
+42,world_history,The Declaration of Human Rights issued by the United Nations in 1948 explicitly stated that all human beings have the right to,"freedom, equality, and justice","life, liberty, and security of person","liberty, self-governance, and protection of the law","freedom, security, and religious tolerance","life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness",B
+43,world_history,Which terrorist incident was the first to receive major mainstream media attention?,Oklahoma City bombing,Iran hostage crisis,Israeli athletes at Munich,First World Trade Center bombing,"September 11, 2001",C
+44,world_history,Which of these is the MOST significant cause of global warming?,Global overpopulation,Increased urbanization,Nuclear energy,Burning of fossil fuels,Widespread deforestation,D
+45,world_history,In 1997 the United Nations attempted to address the issue of global warming by,producing a treaty meant to help control greenhouse gases,conducting its own independent study of the phenomenon,asking industrial leaders to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions,encouraging the development of alternative energy sources,launching a worldwide global-warming awareness campaign,A
+46,world_history,The Mauryan emperor Ashoka's reign was characterized by,honest proclamations and positive behavior,incessant warfare and brutality toward citizens,oppressive and ascetic totalitarian government,construction of expansive monuments and buildings,drastic rejection of Buddhist principles,A.
+47,world_history,Socialists such as Friedrich Engels argued that,society is necessary to protect individuals from the chaotic brutality inherent to human nature,governments can be truly just only when they directly represent the people under their rule,nations must compete for power and fortune just as animals compete for supremacy in nature,financial wealth and resources should be distributed evenly among the citizens of a nation,every citizen has a duty to devote his or her life to the betterment of the nation or culture,D.
+49,world_history,Which of these describes Hammurabi's most significant contribution to civilization?,The defeat and destruction of Assyrian invasion armies around 675 BCE,A precedent of peaceful negotiations with the rulers of Southwest Asia,The ushering of Egypt into the period known as the Old Kingdom,The design and construction of the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon,A comprehensive system of laws by which a kingdom could be governed,E.
+50,world_history,What was Sigmund Freud's intent with his breakthrough publication Die Traumdeutung?,Reconciling taboo desires,Interpreting the meaning of dreams,Exploring societal and gender roles,Debunking theories of hypnosis,Treating emotional hysteria,B.
+51,world_history,The nomadic practices of the Mongols proved MOST beneficial to the conquering of other peoples in that these practices,"helped the Mongols to amass great stores of riches, food, and weapons",encouraged toughness and endurance among the Mongols,improved Mongol horsemanship and mobility and allowed them to strike quickly,enhanced the Mongols' ability to survive in different environments,served to increase the Mongol population and its armies,C.
+52,world_history,The Green Revolution was important in modern times because it,raised global support for environmental preservation initiatives,encouraged the development and use of renewable energy sources,aggressively advocated for equal rights for women and children,brought greater political stability to the nations of Eastern Europe,increased crop yields to combat starvation in developing nations,E.
+53,world_history,Which event marked the first year in the Muslim calendar?,Muhammad completed the Koran.,Muhammad was born.,Muhammad joined a caravan to Syria.,Muhammad died.,Muhammad journeyed from Mecca to Medina.,E.
+55,world_history,The South African policy of apartheid was specifically designed to,prevent the spread of communism into the region,limit foreign influence on internal political matters,encourage trade with Europe and the Americas,ensure Afrikaners political dominance of the country,stabilize the nation in its early years of independence,D
+56,world_history,Which modern fields have been most affected by the accomplishments of the ancient Greeks and Romans?,Ethics and religion,Medicine and hygiene,Politics and government,Finances and trade,Science and technology,C
+57,world_history,"In European history, the term Lebensraum, or ""living space,"" most commonly refers to the",German desire for expansion in the twentieth century,forced relocation of ethnic minorities into ghetto towns,rejection of industrialization and urbanization,celebration of the bucolic ideal in art and literature,immigration to North America in the twentieth century,A
+58,world_history,Conflicts between which two religions resulted in the Edict of Nantes (1598)?,Jainism and Islam,Calvinism and Lutheranism,Roman Catholicism and Protestantism,Hinduism and Buddhism,Sikhism and Orthodox Judaism,C
+59,world_history,What was the primary motivation for most Irish citizens who immigrated to North America in the nineteenth century?,Find freedom of religion,Locate support for Irish independence,Escape national famine,Avoid conscription in the British army,Protest British imperialism,C
+60,world_history,"In the Hindu caste system, members of the Shudra caste originally served as",servants and workers,kings and nobles,traders and merchants,soldiers and courtiers,priests and teachers,A
+61,world_history,The Olmec civilization occupied the modern-day lands known as,Baja California Peninsula,Western Mexico's Pacific Coast,Guatemala and Northern Belize,Southern Mexico's Gulf Coast,Amazon basin and rainforest,D
+62,world_history,"""Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength and their own invention shall furnish them withal. In such condition there is…continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."" The above statement expresses the views of which historical figure?",Thomas Hobbes,John Calvin,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Niccolò Machiavelli,Thomas Aquinas,A
+63,world_history,Japan underwent change during the Meiji Restoration that most closely resembled change in,Persia under the rule of the Hephthalites,Russia during the reign of Czar Peter I,Judea under Roman occupation,Sri Lanka prior to British colonization,France during the Revolutionary era,B
+64,world_history,"The Duma, active in Russia from 1906 to 1917, can BEST be described as a/an",revolutionary secret society,anticommunist political party,elected legislative body,secret government police force,union of industrial workers,C
+65,world_history,The Byzantine Empire collapsed after more than one thousand years in existence primarily because of the,ascension of Frederick III to Holy Roman Emperor in 1452,Great Schism that began around 1378,Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453,end of Russian tributes to the Golden Horde in 1462,French victories that ended the Hundred Years' War in 1453,C
+66,world_history,Books such as George Orwell's Nineteen  Eighty-Four and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World are major twentieth-century examples of what literary form?,Tragicomedy,Satirical fiction,Epistolary fiction,Dystopian novel,Feminist novel,D
+67,world_history,The practice of offshoring by industrialized countries in the twentieth century generally values all of the following EXCEPT,increased availability of raw materials,domestic economic development,reduction of overall business costs,overall lowering of labor costs,less stringent labor and environmental laws,B
+68,world_history,The introduction of agriculture most significantly affected formerly nomadic societies by,creating a gender-based separation of responsibilities,increasing the density of the population,necessitating the frequent migration of humans,decreasing the chance of food surpluses,eradicating the traditional specialization of labor,B
+69,world_history,Which country claimed the colony of Madagascar as a possession until an ongoing freedom movement led to its independence in 1960?,France,Germany,United States,Portugal,Britain,A
+70,world_history,"When issued in 1215, the Magna Carta established the legal principle of",due process of law,burden of proof,statute of limitations,judicial deference,sovereign immunity,A
+71,world_history,Which religion developed in India alongside Buddhism around the sixth century BCE in response to religious speculation over Hinduism?,Jainism,Rastafarianism,Shintoism,Sikhism,Zoroastrianism,A
+72,world_history,"In the Paraguayan War beginning in 1864, Paraguay fought against the combined forces of",Spanish and British colonizers,"Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil","Chile, Peru, and Bolivia",Peru and British colonizers,Bolivia and Spanish colonizers,B
+73,world_history,In what year were Upper and Lower Canada united?,1755,1776,1813,1841,1913,D
+74,world_history,The medieval African empire of Ghana thrived because of its intermediary position between the,intellectuals of Europe and Africa,traders of salt and traders of gold and ivory,Silk Roads and the spice routes,fishing towns and agricultural communities,Christian and Muslim settlements,B
+75,world_history,The Chinese imperial palace used by rulers from the Ming through the Qing dynasties was known as the,Forbidden City,Wumen,Potala Palace,Xanadu,Outer City,A
+76,world_history,The ziggurats of ancient Mesopotamia most closely resembled the,Vedas of the Aryans,pyramids of the Egyptians,aqueducts of the Romans,pueblos of the Native Americans,pagodas of the Chinese,B
+77,world_history,A twentieth-century territorial dispute over control of the province of Kashmir resulted in conflict between India and,Russia,China,Pakistan,Japan,Bangladesh,C
+78,world_history,Which of these was NOT true of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt?,They owned most of the kingdom's land.,They were said to become divine after death.,They typically delegated duties to viziers.,They were required to be male.,They were believed to control nature.,D
+79,world_history,The opium trade between Britain and China arose primarily due to,lack of Japanese participation in trade,European interest in trading with China,the belief that opium was medicinally beneficial,Chinese desire for European manufactured items,the increasing scarcity of natural resources in Europe,B
+80,world_history,How was the Great Schism in Roman Catholicism resolved in the fifteenth century?,Church electors installed a second and third pope.,The Council of Constance chose to recall popes.,Scholars translated the Bible into vernacular English.,Scholasticism changed belief systems in Europe.,The papacy temporarily relocated to Avignon in France.,B
+81,world_history,The theology of Judaism MOST differed from other early religions due to its belief in,monotheism,Gnosticism,nihilism,divine right of monarchs,religious rites and rituals,A
+82,world_history,What was the primary difference between the artistic movements of romanticism and classicism?,Romanticism alluded to the art and thought of ancient civilizations.,Romanticism stressed the importance of feelings and emotions.,Classicism was inspired by the forms and essences of nature.,Romanticism was founded on principles of reason and rationale.,Classicism rejected science and symmetry in its compositions.,B
+83,world_history,Which of these was an important virtue in Daoism?,Focusing on secular advancement,Fostering community-mindedness,Separating spirituality from culture,Adhering to strict moral duties,Eliminating all earthly desires,E
+84,world_history,The Rosetta stone was important in,understanding currency and trade rates in ancient North Africa,deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics using Greek translations,tracing the milestones of Roman occupation in Southwest Asia,translating written inscriptions in the Linear A and B forms,providing a written record of the laws of ancient Mesopotamia,B
+85,world_history,Pope Benedict VIII made a lasting change to Roman Catholic doctrine in 1022 when he passed a declaration that,instituted a celibacy requirement for clergy,forbade the sale of indulgences to laymen,instituted the practice of selling church offices,forbade the use of torture during inquisitions,instituted the practice of electing multiple popes,A
+86,world_history,Which ancient civilization most likely pioneered the production and use of iron around 2500 BCE?,Persians,Hebrews,Hittites,Babylonians,Sumerians,C
+87,world_history,The individual political struggles of Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi were MOST similar in that they,worked to secure the independence of their nations from colonial rule,fought against oppressive governments that encouraged racism,eventually became high-ranking officials in their governments,protested injustice through prolonged hunger strikes,founded militant revolutionary organizations,B
+88,world_history,"By the year 1100 CE, the strongest Norman influence was felt in which modern regions?","Norway, Sweden, and England",Africa and the Mediterranean,Russia and the Baltic region,"Germany, Austria, and Italy","England, Italy, and France",E
+89,world_history,"The Paleolithic Era was distinguished by the use of stone tools, while the Neolithic Era was distinguished by",metalworking capabilities,cavalry as part of warfare,advanced architectural construction,advances in agriculture,marked empire building,D
+90,world_history,"The medieval cities of Venice, Italy, and Tenochtitlán, Mexico, were MOST similar in that they","hosted populations of about 400,000 citizens",served as major seaports for international trade,were sacked by invaders in the sixteenth century,prospered because of their industrial capacities,were constructed on top of islands,E
+91,world_history,Which of these is the BEST example of the practice known as total war?,Extension of armed conflict beyond traditional land battles into the sea and air,Use of extensive espionage and reconnaissance networks within enemy territory,Use of cutting-edge technology and propaganda to influence public sentiments,Bombing of civilian centers to destroy an enemy's ability to continue fighting,Inability to end a conflict without the complete destruction of the enemy's army,D
+92,world_history,"""Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes laborious bustle; carefulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomes insubordination; straightforwardness, without the rules of propriety, becomes rudeness."" The above excerpt expresses the viewpoint of",Machiavelli,Socrates,Erasmus,Confucius,Lao Tzu,D
+93,world_history,Which of these statements about the practice of slavery in ancient and medieval civilizations is NOT true?,Slavery was rarely pursued among hunter-gatherer populations.,Enslaved people were put to work in a wide variety of occupations.,Slavery existed within Africa before European colonization.,Enslaved people were important to ancient Greece and Rome.,Enslaved people were almost exclusively black Africans.,E
+95,world_history,The main goal of the 1848 meeting among liberal leaders in Frankfurt am Main was to,destroy the autonomy of the German states,win political favors from German princes,abolish the system of hereditary monarchy,promote the unification of German states,overthrow Frederick William of Prussia,D
+96,world_history,European imperialist powers competed for influence in Egypt during the nineteenth century primarily because of the,importance of the Suez Canal,desire to exploit the Nile River valley,ease of moving armies through Egypt,interest in utilizing industrial capabilities,abundance of labor and resources,A
+97,world_history,Which of these religions does NOT view the state of nirvana as the ultimate spiritual goal?,Buddhism,Hinduism,Islam,Jainism,Sikhism,C
+98,world_history,"The White Lotus society, most active in China between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries, is BEST characterized as a",civilian militia,religious sect,Manchu tribe,political party,economic alliance,B
+99,world_history,Which two countries did James I rule concurrently from 1603 to 1625?,England and France,England and Wales,England and Scotland,Denmark and Norway,Ireland and Scotland,C
+100,world_history,Which of these was the MOST significant accomplishment of the Phoenician civilization?,Creation of intricate and accessible legal codes,Discovery of significant celestial bodies,Development of the idea of compensatory damages,Study of the stars and their relationship to the zodiac,Invention of an alphabet for syllabic writing,E
+101,world_history,The nation called Ceylon by British colonizers became known in the postcolonial period as,Sri Lanka,Cambodia,Laos,Bhutan,Myanmar,A
+102,world_history,"""We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona."" In what document did the above excerpt originally appear?",The Communist Manifesto,Final Solution,Five-Year Plan,Zimmermann telegram,Schlieffen Plan,D
+103,world_history,All of these led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain EXCEPT a,consumerist society,number of technological advancements,decrease in the agricultural workforce,lack of being a colonial power,major international trading partner,D
+104,world_history,The Taiping Rebellion was similar to the communist takeover in China in that both events,were generally unaffected by religious doctrine,originated from radical Marxist political views,were driven by discontent with the Versailles Treaty,involved minimal physical conflict and bloodshed,called for the equal distribution of property and rights,E
+105,world_history,Which world calendar was created most recently?,Julian calendar,Egyptian calendar,Coptic calendar,Gregorian calendar,Mayan calendar,D
+106,world_history,The actions of the Luddites MOST strongly supported the social perspective that,hereditary nobility is ordained by a divine power,freedom of religion could not exist in monarchical government,traditional gender roles are the foundation of a healthy economy,public education should be limited to the higher classes,industrial technology may be a detriment to workers,E
+107,world_history,The medieval African emperor Mansa Mūsā was most notable for his,cruelty to ambassadors from neighboring lands,frequent violent incursions into Europe,role in establishing the Atlantic slave trade,opulence and enrichment of Timbuktu,religious fervor and support of Christianity,D
+108,world_history,The Silk Roads were indirectly responsible for spreading,slavery in Europe,diseases in Africa,Buddhism in China,socialism in Asia,manorialism in India,C
+109,world_history,"Which system of writing was primarily used in the languages of Hindi, Sanskrit, and Nepali?",Arabic,Cuneiform,Latin,Cyrillic,Devanagari,E
+111,world_history,Captain James Cook contributed most significantly to the power of the British Empire by,leading a British campaign in the Seven Years' War,defeating French forces at Quebec,claiming Australia for the British crown,legislating for increased British industrialism,negotiating British control in India,C
+113,world_history,"In the twentieth century, Manfred von Richthofen came to be generally recognized as a symbol of the",excesses of landed aristocracy,spread of colonial expansionism,last vestiges of military chivalry,desire to separate church from state,movement for German unification,C
+114,world_history,"""O, my brothers, love your Country!…It is only through our country that we can have a recognized collective existence…Let each man among you strive to incarnate his country in himself. Let each man among you regard himself as a guarantor, responsible for his fellow-countrymen, and learn so to govern his actions as to cause his country to be loved and respected through him."" Which theory is best exemplified in this excerpt from the work of Giuseppe Mazzini?",Absolutism,Conservatism,Utilitarianism,Nationalism,Liberalism,D
+115,world_history,Which philosopher died after being convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens in 399 BCE?,Xenophon,Socrates,Plato,Aristotle,Heracleides Ponticus,B
+116,world_history,Mumbai was a world leader in which industry during the middle of the nineteenth century?,Silk production,Cotton textiles,Opium manufacture,Slave trade,Spice trade,B
+117,world_history,The primary result of the Third Crusade was the,Muslim sacking of Constantinople,removal of Islamic rule in Spain,Christian failure to regain Jerusalem,foundation of the Latin Empire,Christian capture of Jerusalem,C
+118,world_history,All of these took place in Brazil during the reign of Pedro II (1831-89) EXCEPT a/an,"backlash against the ""coffee government""",focus on producing coffee instead of sugar,abolition of slavery throughout Brazil,modernizing of railroads and telegraphs,military coup that overthrew the monarchy,A
+119,world_history,Which of these leaders was MOST influential in the establishment of an Islamic government in modern Iran?,Reza Shah Pahlavi,Nader Shah Afshar,Ayatollah Rūh ?allāh Khomeynī,Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi,āghā Moh ?ammad Khān,C
+120,world_history,"In African tradition, elaborately carved and decorated wooden masks are most likely to be employed during",ceremonies of spirits and religion,tribal battles and other warfare,family gatherings and clan meetings,theatrical and social entertainments,trade and diplomatic missions,A
+121,world_history,"In 212 CE, Roman citizenship was extended to",slaves and indentured servants,all free inhabitants of the Republic,all military personnel and veterans,educated native-born landowners,all free inhabitants of the empire,E
+122,world_history,The events that took place at Masada in 72-73 CE showed that the early Jews of Israel were,great reformers in economy and society,fierce conquerors of opposing kingdoms,mediators of conflicts between neighbors,determined defenders of their homeland,enlightened scholars of philosophy,D
+123,world_history,Which of these shows the correct chronological order in which different types of metals were discovered and used?,"Bronze, iron, steel, copper","Copper, bronze, iron, steel","Iron, steel, copper, bronze","Steel, copper, iron, bronze","Bronze, copper, steel, iron",B
+124,world_history,London was originally developed from a village into a major walled city by the,"Vikings, circa 865 CE","Normans, circa 1066 CE","Anglo-Saxons, circa 670 CE","Celts, circa 50 BCE","Romans, circa 43 CE",E
+125,world_history,The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe was most notable in the African Iron Age for its extensive system of,military formations,walls and stonework,ports and markets,silver mines,salt mines,B
+126,world_history,The Russo-Japanese War became the first event in modern history in which,colonial and imperial ambitions led to armed conflict,an Asian nation achieved victory over a European power,two major world powers clashed over territory,a conflict took place simultaneously on the land and sea,territory rather than ideology was the motivating factor,B
+127,world_history,The writings of Charles Dickens were BEST known for their criticism of,apparent hypocrisy in religious ethics,universal suffrage movements,British colonial ambitions and trade,economic inequality and poverty,racist practices and world slavery,D
+128,world_history,"In ancient times, the most common route for the Chinese to trade with the Roman Empire and Europe was",Via Maris,Silk Roads,Appian Way,Middle Passage,King's Highway,B
+129,world_history,"The Four Noble Truths, traditionally believed to have been articulated by the Buddha in his first sermon after enlightenment, include all of the following EXCEPT",suffering is caused by desire and other negative actions,dissemination of beliefs is necessary to a religion,human life is inevitably filled with sorrow,nirvana may be reached via the path of the Middle Way,cessation of desires can lead to the peace of nirvana,B
+130,world_history,"Chinese leader Kublai Khan was known for all of the following, EXCEPT",introducing Buddhism to China,completing the Mongol conquest of China,establishing a capital city in Beijing,serving as host and benefactor to Marco Polo,launching unsuccessful invasions of Japan,A
+131,world_history,"In seventeenth-century Holland, a major economic bubble resulted from speculative frenzy over the sale of",artwork,religious relics,Chinese silks,houses,tulips,E
+133,world_history,Which of these was the primary obstacle to French construction of the Panama Canal in the 1880s?,Diseases carried by mosquitoes,Negotiations with labor unions,Encroachments by the British,Conflicts with the natives,Battles of the Spanish-American War,A
+134,world_history,"The Chinese concept of  t'ien ming, or mandate of heaven, most closely resembled the European ideal of",indentured labor,feudal manorialism,"the ""city on the hill""",divine right of kings,royal appanage,D
+135,world_history,Which of these does NOT describe one of the reasons Mexico declined an alliance with Germany during World War I?,British blockades would prevent armament shipments to Mexico.,Americans in former Mexican territories would refuse to assimilate.,Mexican ships felt too threatened by German U-boats.,Attacking the United States would endanger South American alliances.,The United States would be too powerful an enemy for Mexico.,C
+136,world_history,Ancient imperialism MOST differed from modern imperialism in that,modern imperialism focuses more on taxation of conquered people,ancient imperialism was undertaken mostly by Britain and France,modern imperialism has generally involved very few nations,ancient imperialism focused more strongly on Asia and Africa,modern imperialism is focused primarily on industrialist pursuits,E
+137,world_history,The Songhai Empire in Western Africa collapsed in 1591 as an immediate result of,attempts to promote trade on the Niger River,an invasion by Morocco into the Songhai territory,fluctuations in the trading of gold and salt,conflict between Islam and traditional religions,the conquering of Gao by the Mali Empire,B
+138,world_history,Alchemy is best defined as the practice of,paying reparations for damages caused by warfare,banning religious services in a particular region,making a government's political processes transparent,manufacturing interchangeable parts on assembly lines,attempting to transform metals and find immortality,E
+139,world_history,The 1955 Warsaw Pact created a communist counterbalance to the,European Union,United Nations,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,European Economic Community,North Atlantic Treaty Organization,E
+140,world_history,"The Zapatista National Liberation Army, which arose in Mexico in the 1990s, chose the name Zapatista to evoke the",glories of Mexican monarchs,spirit of peasant rebellion,fervor of Islamic extremists,plight of migrant workers,anger of South American warriors,B
+141,world_history,The Aztec built their capital city Tenochtitlán on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco primarily because the site,was ideally located for trade purposes,provided protection from outside attackers,fulfilled a prophecy about where they should settle,was rich with natural deposits of gold and other minerals,was sacred to the people conquered by the Aztec,C.
+142,world_history,Early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt were MOST similar in that they both,developed a code of retaliatory punishment,viewed women as socially equal to men,developed a government of separate city-states,were invaded and occupied by the Hyksos,depended on the annual flooding of a river for survival,E.
+143,world_history,Which of these nations was the first to establish a trading presence in Asia by finding a sea route to India?,Spain,England,France,Portugal,Italy,D.
+144,world_history,"Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric theory of astronomy was not disproved until the sixteenth century, when the heliocentric theory was introduced by",Aristotle,Copernicus,Galileo,Kepler,Brahe,B.
+145,world_history,Which of these statements MOST accurately describes the Bantu people of sub-Saharan Africa?,They initially organized into a stateless society composed of numerous villages.,They developed a class system that divided people along the lines of social importance.,They relied on a trans-Saharan gold and salt trade for economic and physical survival.,They practiced a monotheistic religion similar to that of the Hebrews.,They experienced violent clashes with the Muslim population in Africa.,A.
+146,world_history,The Treaty of Versailles contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT a,demand that Germany cede the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to France,condition that placed permanent restrictions on the size of the Germany army,clause that required Germany to be held solely responsible for starting the war,stipulation that forced Germany to pay for the right to retain its African colonies,requirement that prevented Germany from manufacturing or importing weapons,D.
+147,world_history,"Respect for elders and ancestors, emphasis on effective government, and the belief that order and harmony can exist only if leaders cooperate with the most highly educated are all major philosophical tenets of",Daoism,Confucianism,Shintoism,Buddhism,Legalism,B.
+148,world_history,The departure of Alexander the Great and his forces from India in 325 BCE led directly to the,rise of the Mauryan Empire,decline of Indian Buddhism,reemergence of Hinduism,formation of the Gupta Empire,decentralization of Indian government,A.
+149,world_history,Which twentieth-century school of art produced works that were primarily whimsical in tone and devoid of any single specific meaning?,Surrealism,Dadaism,Expressionism,Functionalism,Cubism,B.
+150,world_history,Which of these was primarily responsible for the tensions between China and Great Britain that led to the Anglo-Chinese War in 1839?,Chinese desire for independent self-rule,British importation of opium into China,Westernization of Chinese society,Territorial control over Hong Kong,Spread of communist influence,B
+151,world_history,"""The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole."" Which of these would be LEAST likely to agree with the statement above?",John Locke,Voltaire,Thomas Hobbes,Montesquieu,Jean-Jacques Rousseau,C
+152,world_history,The Crusades had all of the following effects on Europe EXCEPT a/an,increase in the power of European monarchs,elevation in the social status of women,emergence of a middle class in society,decline of trade between Europe and the East,increase in the political strength of the church,D
+153,world_history,Japan and the countries of Western Europe were most similar around the thirteenth century in that both,established strong centralized governments,experienced a series of civil wars,developed intricate feudal systems,advanced the social status of women,endured invasion by Mongol forces,C
+155,world_history,The influence of Minoan culture on Mycenaean culture was MOST evident in the Mycenaean,written language,interest in metallurgy,system of trade,social class structure,religious practices,A
+156,world_history,"In 1975, the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, attempted to establish communist rule in which country?",Thailand,Cambodia,Laos,Malaysia,Burma,B
+157,world_history,"The Balfour Declaration, issued by Britain in 1917, clarified England's position on the",Indian movement for independence from British rule,discriminatory South African policy of apartheid,establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine,formation of the Soviet Union under Lenin,proposed terms of German surrender in World War I,C
+158,world_history,"In 1908, facing international criticism for his harsh treatment of the Congolese in the Congo Free State, King Leopold II was forced to",agree to Congolese independence and abdicate,relinquish his control and pay reparations,surrender his authority in the Congo to British forces,cede control of the Congo Free State to the Belgian government,adopt humanitarian policies that ended hostilities,D
+159,world_history,The Upanishads contain the core philosophy and central teachings of which world religion?,Buddhism,Hinduism,Jainism,Shintoism,Zoroastrianism,B
+160,world_history,Which of the following was a significant change instituted during the reign of the 'Abbāsid Empire?,Non-Arab Muslims were allowed to hold civil and military office.,The Islamic capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus.,A hereditary method of succession was put in place.,Islam was divided into the major sects of Sunni and Shia.,The Byzantine capital of Constantinople was conquered.,A
+161,world_history,Early human cultures in the Paleolithic Age were characterized by all of these EXCEPT the,development of language,prevalence of hunter-gatherers,emergence of agriculture,appearance of artwork,practice of funereal rituals,C
+162,world_history,The Ottoman policy of devsirme primarily served to,cement governmental control,increase military manpower,maintain religious freedom,improve agricultural productivity,ensure economic stability,B
+163,world_history,Which of these was NOT one of the global effects of the Industrial Revolution?,Decline in the colonization of foreign territories by industrial powers,Widening of the divide between industrialized and non-industrialized nations,Lessening of isolation between distant world cultures,Increase in Europe's economic power,Strengthening of the political influence of the middle class,A
+164,world_history,Who led the South American struggle for independence from Spain?,Benito Juárez,Porfirio Díaz,Emiliano Zapata,Simón Bolívar,Miguel Hidalgo,D
+166,world_history,"After solidifying his control over Russia following civil war in 1918, Lenin's immediate goal was to",create a new communist government,reclaim Russian territory lost in World War I,eliminate any remaining political dissidents,institute his own totalitarian political regime,stabilize the Russian economy,E
+167,world_history,Early Vietnamese resistance to the French imperialists who controlled their country was primarily a response to,abusive labor practices,destructive agricultural policies,racially discriminatory governance,suppression of native religion,violent police tactics,B
+168,world_history,The city of Great Zimbabwe and the kingdom of Aksum were MOST similar in that both,became predominantly Christian societies,were located along the banks of the Red Sea,were eventually toppled by Muslim invaders,thrived on income derived from trade routes,incorporated Greek as their primary language,D
+169,world_history,"During the expansion of the Muslim Empire in the seventh century, all of these were true EXCEPT",conquered people who converted to Islam were not required to pay a poll tax,the ability to read Arabic was highly valued in regions conquered by Muslims,pagan members of conquered societies were expected to convert to Islam or face death,conquered people of Christian or Jewish faiths were required to submit to military service,conquered people who refused to convert to Islam were prevented from spreading their faith,D
+170,world_history,The native Japanese religion of Shinto is primarily focused on,deity worship,personal enlightenment,ancestral veneration,dogmatic occultism,penitent self-denial,C
+171,world_history,Which of these was NOT true of the spread of Islam in eastern and central Africa?,The conversion of Africans to Islam was largely the result of trade.,African women readily accepted Islam's traditional attitudes toward women.,The elite of the African business community saw conversion as commercially valuable.,Many Africans who converted to Islam were allowed to retain some tribal customs.,The agricultural population was more reluctant to convert than others.,B
+172,world_history,The spread of ancient Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean region was primarily the result of Greece's,unique geography,military conquests,diverse population,democratic government,economic prosperity,A
+173,world_history,"""It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue, gives them a consciousness of their mission and welds them into unity."" This quote was most likely spoken by a leader who supported what philosophy of government?",Republicanism,Absolute monarchism,Enlightened despotism,Fascism,Constitutional monarchism,D
+174,world_history,The concept of the mandate of heaven provided a rationalization for,maintaining strict standards of morality,invading and conquering foreign civilizations,transferring power from one dynasty to another,believing in the moral superiority of the Chinese,adopting largely male-dominated gender roles,C
+175,world_history,The Incan civilization was unique among pre-Columbian civilizations most notably because the Inca,used irrigation systems to increase agricultural yield,practiced a polytheistic form of religion,developed a complex written language,expanded their empire through conquest,built an advanced system of roads,E
+176,world_history,"For the majority of the eighteenth century, South Africa was controlled by the",Dutch,English,Spanish,French,Portuguese,A
+177,world_history,Fear over the domino theory led the United States to enter which military conflict?,World War I,World War II,Korean War,Vietnam War,Persian Gulf War,D
+178,world_history,Which of these Roman authors produced both the Annals and Germania?,Cicero,Tacitus,Virgil,Seneca,Horace,B
+179,world_history,"Both England and Egypt experienced all of the following as a result of the Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT",improved communication methods,expertise in glassmaking,increased levels of foreign trade,thriving cotton textile factories,commercial agriculture profits,E
+180,world_history,The earliest significant civilization in Mesoamerica developed around the settlement of,Tenochtitlán,Cuzco,Chichén Itzá,Tula,Tikal,E
+181,world_history,Japan turned to militarism in the 1930s primarily as a result of the,series of Chinese threats along the borders,belief that democracy had failed,desire to retake control of nearby foreign colonies,rash of violent civil unrest in the cities,desire to be completely isolated from the West,B
+182,world_history,"In order to restore peace in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna did all of the following EXCEPT",formally recognize Swiss independence,introduce the German Confederation,require France to disband its military,create the Kingdom of the Netherlands,restore the legitimacy of the monarchy,C
+183,world_history,The Later Ly dynasty incorporated many aspects of the Chinese bureaucratic and civil service practices as it established a new centralized form of government in present-day,Vietnam,Cambodia,Korea,Thailand,Laos,A
+185,world_history,"During his reign, Alexander the Great conquered all of the following EXCEPT",Syria,Egypt,Mesopotamia,India,Asia Minor,D
+186,world_history,The Maoist version of communism practiced in China during the 1950s and 1960s differed from the concurrent Soviet version of communism in that it,promoted a peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries,viewed the proletariat as a nation rather than a class,favored the redistribution of wealth among the peasantry,advocated the censorship of artistic and literary endeavors,espoused the value of state-run agricultural programs,B
+187,world_history,Which civilization's code of law was written in the Twelve Tables?,Greece,Egypt,England,France,Rome,E
+188,world_history,Which of these BEST describes the Taiping Rebellion?,National uprising against imperialist rule,Militant communist insurgency,Battle for dynastic control of China,Religious and political civil war,Revolt against the Mongol occupation,D
+189,world_history,"Among the Bantu-speaking peoples of Africa, the term griots referred to",leaders,storytellers,priests,warriors,slaves,B
+190,world_history,The navigator Ferdinand Magellan is most famous for,leading the first expedition around the Cape of Good Hope,being the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean,leading the first attempt to locate the Northwest Passage,making the first landing in the New World,being the first person to circumnavigate the globe,E
+191,world_history,Which of these BEST describes the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks in early-twentieth-century Russia?,"The Mensheviks believed in working with the bourgeois, while the Bolsheviks believed in immediate revolution against them.","The Mensheviks supported an elitist political system, while the Bolsheviks supported a more inclusionary approach.","The Mensheviks favored an altered form of Marxism, while the Bolsheviks favored pure Marxism.","The Mensheviks were a proactively radical political group, while the Bolsheviks were comparatively reactionary in approach.","The Mensheviks supported Russia's involvement in World War I, while the Bolsheviks were against it.",A
+192,world_history,"In the mid-1800s, the southeastern port of Singapore was controlled by the",Dutch,French,Germans,British,United States,D
+193,world_history,The campaign for Mexican independence from Spain was different from other political revolts in the Americas in that it was,diplomatic in nature and did not involve violence,ultimately decided by events in Europe,started by mestizos instead of the Creole class,undertaken to install a new monarchy,conducted with the help of other nearby countries,C
+194,world_history,The signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas served to,end hostilities in the Spanish Civil War and affirm nationalist control,grant Spain exclusive rights to all land discovered in the New World,free the colony of Brazil from Spanish imperial governance,formally and permanently abolish the Spanish Inquisition,establish a trade agreement between Spain and the United States,B
+195,world_history,"""Whose government is unostentatious, quite unostentatious, his people will be prosperous, quite prosperous. Whose government is prying, quite prying, his people will be needy, quite needy."" The above quotation reflects the central view of government espoused by which spiritual philosophy?",Confucianism,Buddhism,Legalism,Shintoism,Daoism,E
+196,world_history,From which region did the cuneiform method of writing emerge?,Egypt,Mesoamerica,India,Mesopotamia,China,D
+197,world_history,The African kingdom of Ghana fell into decline during the eleventh century primarily as a result of,invasion by foreign conquerors,internal political strife,poor agricultural practices,weak government leadership,violent religious disputes,A
+198,world_history,"In 1935, Italian forces under the command of Benito Mussolini invaded the nation of",Somalia,Ethiopia,Egypt,Libya,Nigeria,.
+199,world_history,Which crop's cultivation led to the rise of the Khmer Empire in the region known today as Cambodia?,Tea,Opium,Rice,Sugar,Corn,C
+200,world_history,What was the primary reason Russia ended its involvement in World War I?,The population devastation wrought by massive casualties,The diplomatic agreement signed with Germany for territory in East Europe,The adversarial nature of the relationship with the French and British allies,The internal political dissent against the czarist government,The severe economic strain placed on the country by its war efforts,D
+201,world_history,All of these emerged during the reign of the Gupta Empire in India EXCEPT,funerary custom of sati,common Arabic numeral system,Sanskrit poems of Kalidasa,discovery of Earth's circumference,tradition of viewing cows as sacred,E
+202,world_history,The ancient African city of Meroe became a major trading center between 250 BCE and 150 CE due to production of,gold,spices,iron,silver,grains,C
+203,world_history,All of the following were true of the Roman army EXCEPT,all citizens who owned land were expected to serve in the army,each army legion consisted of several thousand foot soldiers,the government was responsible for providing the army with weapons,every army legion was complemented with a regiment of cavalry,all peoples allied with Rome were required to provide army troops,C
+204,world_history,"In the eighteenth century, Prussia rose to prominence under the leadership of the",Hapsburgs,Bourbons,Romanovs,Hohenzollerns,Carolingians,D
+205,world_history,The culture of the Bantu people evolved and spread throughout Africa primarily as a result of,warfare,trade,migration,agriculture,religion,C
+206,world_history,Which of these BEST describes parallel descent as it was practiced by the Inca in the sixteenth century?,Males inherited separately from the mother and father.,"Males inherited from the father, while females inherited from the mother.","Males inherited from the mother and father, while female were not eligible to inherit.","Females inherited from the mother and father, while males were not eligible to inherit.",Females inherited only monetary wealth and not land or property.,B
+207,world_history,Which issue did the 1997 Kyoto Protocol address?,Nuclear disarmament,World poverty,Energy crisis,Global warming,Water shortage,D
+208,world_history,The Korean and Vietnam wars of the twentieth century were MOST similar in that they,produced significant territorial gains for communist forces,ended with the establishment of a neutral demilitarized zone,resulted from a desire to prevent the spread of communism,originated in nationalistic fervor to be free of colonial control,broke out as a result of invasions of democratic territories,C
+209,world_history,"After being installed as dictator, Julius Caesar did all of the following EXCEPT",declared himself a monarch,established a new solar calendar,decreased the power of the Senate,granted citizenship to inhabitants of provinces,offered public land to soldiers who had served him,A
+210,world_history,"When Spanish conquistadors entered South America in the 1500s, they were able to conquer the Inca with relative ease because of the Inca's weakness from",natural disasters,famine,disease,prior invasion,civil war,E
+211,world_history,Which of these was true of both Sparta and Athens?,They were democratic governments.,They denied female participation in politics.,They made significant contributions to the arts.,They prohibited the use of gold and silver.,They required all men to serve in the military.,B
+212,world_history,The overthrow of the Qing dynasty in China in 1912 was primarily the result of,severe governmental oppression,excessive taxation of imports,rising nationalistic sentiment,increased foreign pressure,widespread poverty and famine,C
+213,world_history,"In the 1500s, which Southeast Asian nation was a Spanish colony that helped facilitate trade with Mexico?",Burma,Indonesia,Siam,Vietnam,Philippines,E
+214,world_history,The collapse of the Carolingian dynasty in the 800s quickly led to the,rise of European nation-states,introduction of the feudal system,beginning of the Renaissance,establishment of the Protestant church,onset of widespread industrialization,B
+215,world_history,Lutheranism and Calvinism were LEAST similar in regard to views on the,degree of corruption in the Roman Catholic Church,importance of religion in everyday life,sale of indulgences,ability of individuals to affect their fate,importance of celibacy outside marriage,D
+216,world_history,With which statement would an adherent to the philosophy of cynicism be MOST likely to agree?,All human beings are part of a common brotherhood.,Inner peace can be found by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.,Individuals have an inherent responsibility to help others.,Life should be lived simply and without material attachments.,Conducting oneself virtuously is the key to living a good life.,D
+217,world_history,"The world peacekeeping organization known as the League of Nations and its successor, the United Nations, are MOST different in that the",League of Nations originated with many more nations,League of Nations excluded the nations it viewed as troublesome,United Nations formed a military division to enforce its policies,United Nations was founded to help bring an end to an active war,League of Nations included several separate administrative bodies,C
+218,world_history,In 1521 Hernán Cortés led the Spanish conquest of which Mesoamerican culture?,Aztec,Inca,Olmec,Maya,Toltec,A
+219,world_history,"""Wild and blasphemous ideas of God are formed because man has wandered away from the unchangeable laws of science, and the right use of reason; and because something called revealed religion was invented."" The above statement MOST reflects the ideology of which intellectual movement?",Humanism,Materialism,Deism,Utilitarianism,Idealism,C
+220,world_history,The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was primarily designed by Japan to,end Japanese reliance on Western support,limit the spread of communism in Asia,free Asian nations from imperial control,establish its own empire throughout Asia,secure an adequate supply of raw materials,E
+221,world_history,The Greek philosopher who developed a teaching methodology based on systematic questioning was,Aristotle,Epicurus,Plato,Democritus,Socrates,E
+222,world_history,"While they controlled China, the Mongols were unsuccessful in their attempts to extend their empire into Southeast Asia primarily because",their incursions were met with heavy resistance,the terrain was too difficult to navigate,they lacked the manpower to overcome local forces,the regional climate was extremely inhospitable,they had insufficient resources for long campaigns,D
+223,world_history,The written language of the Mycenaeans was based on that of the,Minoans,Phoenicians,Babylonians,Hittites,Assyrians,A
+224,world_history,Which of these BEST describes the type of protectorate commonly found in imperial-controlled Africa?,A region directly controlled by a foreign power,A region considered an administrative subdivision of another country,A region allowed to maintain its government while under imperial control,A region controlled by a private business instead of a foreign government,A region over which another nation holds exclusive trade rights,C
+225,world_history,Which of these does NOT accurately describe a similarity between the peoples of ancient Egypt and the Indus River valley?,They practiced polytheistic religion.,They drove out a foreign occupation force.,They developed a stratified social structure.,They made significant architectural advances.,They depended on agriculture for survival.,B
+226,world_history,"During their conquest of Mesoamerica, the Spaniards utilized the encomienda system, which allowed them to",compel the natives out of settlements and off the land,require the natives to pledge allegiance under penalty of death,pay the natives to fight on Spain's behalf,require the natives pay tribute and perform labor,encourage mass migration of the native peoples,D
+227,world_history,Which of these was the most important point of agreement between Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles?,Germany should relinquish control of its African colonies.,An international peacekeeping organization should be established.,Trade barriers between nations should be reduced.,Germany should be forced to accept full responsibility for the war.,Freedom of the seas should be guaranteed in both peace and wartime.,B
+228,world_history,The separation of the Shia sect of Islam from the larger Sunni sect was primarily the result of disputes over the,treatment of women in Muslim society,differing interpretations of the Koran,Umayyad preoccupation with wealth acquisition,trade practices with nearby cultures,line of succession following the death of Muhammad,E
+229,world_history,Which factor contributed the MOST to the rise of the Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini in Italy?,Increased sense of nationalism among Italians,Oppressive policies of the existing Italian government,Frustration with Italy's lack of territorial gains after World War I,Widespread opposition to Italian monarch Victor Emmanuel III,Concern over the fragile state of international relations in Europe,C
+230,world_history,Which of these was NOT true of the Han dynasty?,It engaged in extensive trade with Europe.,It introduced the civil service examination.,It began early construction on the Great Wall.,It created roads and canals to improve transportation.,It funded bureaucracy and army through taxes.,C
+231,world_history,What was the major goal of the Concert of Europe?,To redraw the boundaries of Europe after World War I,To restrict the spread of communism to Eastern Europe,To prevent future revolutions by maintaining the status quo,To establish new nation-states after the fall of the Roman Empire,To develop continental trade relationships and business partnerships,C
+232,world_history,What inference can BEST be made from the information in the chart shown?,Slavic languages strongly influenced the development of the English language.,The Roman occupation of England significantly influenced the development of the English language.,"The English language developed through a blend of Germanic, French, and Greek influences.",The classical languages strongly influenced the development of both English and French.,The English language primarily developed during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.,B
+233,world_history,Why did the government installed in South Vietnam in 1954 by France and the United States ultimately fail?,The government was corrupt and unpopular with the Vietnamese people.,The Vietnamese people preferred Ho Chi Minh's communist regime.,The Vietnamese people distrusted the government because of its French backing.,The government was unable to procure the resources necessary for independent existence.,The Vietnamese people were angered by the government's communist policies.,A
+234,world_history,In which way were the ancient Chinese philosophies of Confucianism and legalism MOST similar?,They divided educational standards by class.,They emphasized the importance of strong government.,They promoted respect and reverence of elders.,They emphasized life in harmony with the natural world.,They discouraged most independence of thought.,B
+235,world_history,The concept of humanism was a key characteristic of the,Enlightenment,Protestant Reformation,Renaissance,Scientific Revolution,Impressionism movement,C
+236,world_history,"The Petition of Right, which was drafted in 1628, attempted to restrict Charles I from doing any of the following EXCEPT",requiring citizens to quarter soldiers in their homes,declaring martial law during peacetime,enacting taxes without parliamentary approval,suspending a law passed by Parliament,imprisoning people without regard to due cause,D
+237,world_history,The concept of a state ruled by philosophers and built on a structure of class divisions determined by intelligence was most strongly supported by,Aristotle,Euclid,Plato,Pythagoras,Socrates,C
+238,world_history,"Which of the following is the most important aspect of the samurai code of conduct, known as the bushido?",Loyalty to the feudal lord,Preservation of personal honor,Protection of the emperor,Defense of territory,Acceptance of death,A
+239,world_history,"""It has been thought a considerable advance towards establishing the principles of Freedom to say that Government is a compact between those who govern and those who are governed; but this cannot be true, because it is putting the effect before the cause; for as man must have existed before governments existed, there necessarily was a time when governments did not exist, and consequently there could originally exist no governors to form such a compact with. The fact, therefore, must be that the individuals, themselves, each, in his own personal and sovereign right, entered into a compact with each other to produce a government: and this is the only mode in which governments have a right to arise, and the only principle on which they have a right to exist."" The text above was part of a pamphlet written in support of which of the following?",Russian Revolution,Velvet Revolution,Haitian Revolution,Glorious Revolution,French Revolution,E
+240,world_history,Chinese trade during the Song dynasty was most strongly influenced by the,restoration of centralized governance,invention of the magnetic compass,enactment of the Confucian civil service system,building of the Grand Canal,diffusion of Buddhism across China,B
+241,world_history,The political theories of communism and fascism share all of the following tenets EXCEPT,adherence to single-party rule,loyalty to the state,opposition to social democracy,dissolution of social classes,support of dictatorial leadership,D
+242,world_history,Which of the following is the most direct cause of World War I?,Invasion of Poland,Formation of the Triple Alliance,Annexation of Bosnia,Onset of the Russian Revolution,Assassination of Franz Ferdinand,E
+243,world_history,Which of the following was made clearer to modern scholars after the discovery of the Rosetta stone in 1798?,Laws of ancient Mesopotamia,Origins of Hinduism,Written language of ancient Egyptians,Trading practices of Sumerian society,Agricultural methods of ancient China,C
+245,world_history,"""We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."" The quotation above referenced the hard fighting in which of the following wars?",World War I,World War II,Korean War,First Balkan War,Six-Day War,B
+246,world_history,All of the following are true about the people of ancient Mali EXCEPT,they built their wealth through gold and trade,they established Timbuktu as a major city,they were sometimes ruled by Muslim leaders,they organized villages on the basis of kinship,they relied on a strong governmental system,D
+247,world_history,The creation story contained in the Popol Vuh was written by the,Aztec,Inca,Maya,Olmec,Toltec,C
+248,world_history,British imperialism in India resulted in all of the following EXCEPT,enactment of restrictive trading policies,increased productivity in native industries,improved medical care and sanitation,increased exportation of raw materials,expansion of the transportation system,B
+249,world_history,"The Mongolian occupation of China, which occurred during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, improved China's economic stability by",decreasing taxes on imported goods,leading to an extension of the Grand Canal,decentralizing the Chinese government,encouraging Chinese industrialization,making travel on trading routes safer,E
+250,world_history,Which factor played an important role in the escalations of both the French and Russian revolutions?,Rise of industrialization,Oppressive monarchical rule,Previously failed uprisings,Influence of communism,Demand for women's rights,B
+251,world_history,Which of the following answers lists the wars in the correct chronological order?,"Thirty Years' War, Crimean War, Boer War, Hundred Years' War","Crimean War, Hundred Years' War, Boer War, Thirty Years' War","Hundred Years' War, Thirty Years' War, Crimean War, Boer War","Boer War, Crimean War, Hundred Years' War, Thirty Years' War","Hundred Years' War, Boer War, Thirty Years' War, Crimean War",C
+253,world_history,Which of the following would a believer in legalism LEAST LIKELY support?,Strong family values,Loyalty to rulers,Equal access to education,Submission to state policy,Censorship of media,C
+254,world_history,"""What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable."" The statement above MOST clearly reflects a major tenet of which political philosophy?",Communism,Democracy,Fascism,Theocracy,Totalitarianism,A
+255,world_history,"""However well educated and clever a native might be, andhowever brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank wecan bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equalof the British officer."" —Lord Kitchener, British military commander in India This statement supports which of the following generalizationsabout colonial powers and the native populations they govern?",Colonial powers usually controlled native populations primarily through military force.,Colonial powers often viewed themselves as racially superior to native populations.,Colonial powers tended to use native populations to bolster their military strength.,Colonial powers were needed to help govern less capable native populations.,Colonial powers encouraged native populations to improve their individual statuses.,B
+256,world_history,The United Nations deployed an international military force in South Korea in 1950 primarily because,North Korea threatened to launch a nuclear attack against South Korea,North Korean and Chinese ships attacked South Korean ships in the Yellow Sea,North Korean troops had crossed the 38th parallel into South Korean territory,North Korea acquired nuclear weapons from the Soviet Union,North Korea was on the verge of overthrowing the South Korean government,C
+257,world_history,"According to the traditional Hindu caste system, an unskilled worker would be considered part of which class?",Brahmans,Harijans,Kshatriya,Shudra,Vaishya,D
+258,world_history,Ho Chi Minh returned to Vietnam in 1941 and founded the Vietminh in response to a crisis primarily concerning,increasing communist influence in Vietnam,American militarization of South Vietnam,the dictatorial leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem,French colonial control over Vietnam,the geopolitical division of North and South Vietnam,D
+260,world_history,Which of the following occurred during the New Kingdom period of ancient Egyptian history?,Reign of the pharaoh Khafra,Carving of the Rosetta stone,Building of the pyramids,Expulsion of the Hyksos,Construction of the Sphinx,D
+261,world_history,Which of the following was true of both the Kush and the Bantu-speaking people of ancient Africa?,Both modeled their forms of leadership after the ancient Egyptians.,Both developed ironworking to make iron-tipped weapons and tools.,Both began as migratory cultures that eventually settled in a single region.,Both spread their languages throughout Africa through cultural intermarriage.,Both were chiefly agrarian and relied on farming and raising animals.,B
+262,world_history,The Battle of Trafalgar was a key naval victory for the British in their war against,Austria-Hungary,France,Germany,Portugal,Spain,B
+263,world_history,All of the following are true about the Inca civilization EXCEPT,they used a system of parallel descent in which daughters inherited from their mothers and sons from their fathers,they demanded that neighboring communities pay them tributes as a means of funding their imperial expansion,they believed that their ruler was a god that descended from the sun and that his main wife represented the moon,they allowed conquered communities to retain their individual culture and local leaders in return for allegiance to the empire,they performed most of their sacrifices using animals like llamas or guinea pigs instead of humans,B
+264,world_history,"The Taj Mahal in Agra, India, was originally built to serve as a",fortress,monastery,mosque,palace,tomb,E
+265,world_history,"During the Punic Wars, Rome fought in three separate campaigns against the",Carthaginians,Gauls,Illyrians,Macedonians,Samnites,A
+267,world_history,Which country did Britain establish in Asia before India earned its independence in 1947?,Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Nepal,Turkmenistan,C
+268,world_history,All of the following were factors in the decline of both the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty EXCEPT,difficulty with governmental administration due to their large size,violence from political resistance groups within their borders,"poor agricultural yield, famine, and rapidly spreading epidemics",barbarian invasions along their borders that negatively affected trading,division by generals who attempted to seize power and proclaim themselves emperor,B
+269,world_history,"In the nineteenth century, which region of colonial Southeast Asia was an independent nation that served as a ""buffer zone"" between other imperially governed states?",Burma,Singapore,Borneo,Sumatra,Siam,E
+270,world_history,The city of Great Zimbabwe rose to prominence during the thirteenth century primarily as a result of its,possession of working gold mines,strong agricultural economy,widespread military conquests,control of a key trading route,political ties to the Roman Empire,D
+271,world_history,is mere human talk to preach that the soul flies out [ofpurgatory] immediately [when] the money clinks in thecollection box. 36. Which of the following religious leaders most likely made the statementabove?,John Calvin,Ignatius of Loyola,Martin Luther,John Knox,Ulrich Zwingli,C
+272,world_history,The Neolithic Revolution was a fundamental shift in the human way of life during the prehistoric era that was primarily marked by the,emergence of early governments,development of agricultural techniques,formation of organized religions,beginning of systematic trade,construction of early tools and machines,B
+273,world_history,Which Mesoamerican culture used chinampas to increase the amount of agricultural land available for use in its capital city?,Inca,Olmec,Maya,Aztec,Toltec,D
+274,world_history,"An interest in natural resources and commodities such as oil, tin, and rubber led the Dutch to colonize which region of Southeast Asia starting in the seventeenth century?",Indonesia,Malaysia,Burma,Siam,Philippines,A
+275,world_history,Which of the following modern countries is NOT matched with the imperial power that once controlled it?,Bosnia → Austrian-Hungarian Empire,Cambodia → Mongol Empire,Yemen → Umayyad Empire,Turkey → Ottoman Empire,Guyana → British Empire,B
+276,world_history,"In his 1776 book The Wealth of Nations, economist Adam Smith advocated the laissez-faire economic philosophy and specifically condemned",communism,feudalism,imperialism,mercantilism,capitalism,D
+277,world_history,Which of the following Chinese dynasties instituted the first civil service examination?,Tang,Zhou,Sui,Qin,Han,E
+278,world_history,The Four Noble Truths form the basis of which major Eastern religion?,Hinduism,Sikhism,Daoism,Buddhism,Shintoism,D
+279,world_history,Which of these answers best describes how Germany and Japan were similar in the lead-up to World War II?,Both nations wanted to isolate themselves from foreign influence.,Both nations were convinced of their ethnic superiority.,Both nations were interested in territorial expansion for economic gain.,Both nations were suffering because of heavy losses incurred in World War I.,Both nations supported the ethnic and racial cleansing of minority groups.,C
+280,world_history,The Spanish settlers who governed colonies in Mesoamerica imported Africans as a source of labor instead of enslaving Native Americans primarily because,Africans were more obedient to Europeans than Native Americans,Africans were more resistant to disease than Native Americans,Africans were a cheaper source of labor than Native Americans,Africans were more skilled at manual labor than Native Americans,Africans were easier to communicate with than Native Americans,B
+281,world_history,"""At this point one may note that men must be either pamperedor annihilated. They avenge light offenses; they cannot avengesevere ones; hence, the harm one does to a man must be suchas to obviate any fear of revenge."" The quotation above is taken from which of the following?","The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels","In Praise of Folly, Desiderius Erasmus","Utopia, Sir Thomas More","The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli","Two Treatises of Government, John Locke",D
+282,world_history,"Aside from gold, the most valuable and highly traded commodity inthe West African kingdom of Ghana was",salt,ivory,slaves,grain,rice,A
+283,world_history,All of the following are examples of trading agreements EXCEPT,NAFTA,OPEC,LAFTA,GATT,ASEAN,B
+284,world_history,"The Chinese ruled over Vietnam between roughly the first andtenth centuries CE. During this period, the Chinese encounteredthe most resistance from the Vietnamese when they attempted to",implement their civil service and bureaucratic systems,introduce the Vietnamese to the Confucian ideology,de-emphasize the role of women in Vietnamese society,employ traditional Chinese agricultural methods,convert the Vietnamese to the Buddhist religion,C
+285,world_history,The rise of feudalism in Western Europe was primarily the result of,political unrest caused by severe famine,fear of attack from foreign invaders,the collapse of the Carolingian dynasty,disputes about church authority over state matters,an increase in trading with overseas countries,B
+1,us_history,"The term ""American Indians"" is a misnomer because the people it designates",are not native to the Americas,originally came from Asia,did not inhabit the East Indies,did not speak any European languages,first settled the Americas during the 1400s,C
+2,us_history,Which of the following contributed the most to the founding and success of the Iroquois Confederacy?,The small size of the Iroquois tribes,The fact that the tribes all belonged to the same nation,The popular election of the council members,The constant conflicts among the Iroquois tribes,The example of the New England town meeting,B
+3,us_history,Which nation has had the greatest influence on modern American culture?,Asia,England,France,Italy,Spain,B
+4,us_history,A major reason that the Europeans succeeded in dominating the Native Americans and gradually taking over their land because,their religion was more compelling,their respect for the land was greater,they were better farmers than the Native Americans,their weapons were more sophisticated and deadly,they arrived in America before the Native Americans,D
+5,us_history,Why did the settlers of Massachusetts Bay found Harvard College?,They wanted a school that would rival Yale College in Connecticut.,They needed to supply jobs for unemployed professors.,They were concerned to educate future ministers of their church.,They wanted both boys and girls in New England to learn to read.,They insisted on the separation of church and state.,C
+6,us_history,The most important difference between Pennsylvania and the Massachusetts Bay Colony was that Pennsylvania,was not founded by a Christian,was not an English colony,did not have a large city,was not ruled by a theocracy,did not attract settlers from Europe,D
+7,us_history,The success of Southern plantations led to the increase of which of the following?,The African slave trade,Indentured servitude,Intercolonial trade,The building of cities,Trade with the Native Americans,A
+8,us_history,Which of the following events was most responsible for the eventual disappearance of theocracy in Massachusetts?,The founding of Rhode Island,The establishment of Yale College,The banishment of Anne Hutchinson,The founding of Pennsylvania,The Salem witchcraft trials,E
+9,us_history,The Navigation Acts of the 1650s had all the following purposes EXCEPT:,to protect colonial trade,to increase profits for Great Britain,to maintain English control over colonial trade,to foster a mercantilist economy,to increase imports to the colonies while decreasing exports,E
+10,us_history,A principal consequence of the Glorious Revolution in Britain was that,the New England colonists threw Edmund Andros out of office,England became a Catholic nation once again,a queen ruled England in her own right for the first time,the colonial assemblies began discussing the need for a militia,English Protestants began fleeing to the colonies for fear of religious persecution,A
+11,us_history,The abolitionist movement had difficulty gaining supporters in the early1800s because,African slaves were content with their status,there were no Africans in powerful positions in the government,Africans easily found ways to flout the system of slavery,Northern whites could ignore the wrongs of the slave system in the South and Southerners found it too profitable to end,Quakers were a majority in the colonies and spoke out against slavery at an early date,D
+12,us_history,Which of the following people probably had the hardest and most thankless life in the colonies?,A farmer's wife,A female slave,A male slave,A cobbler,A blacksmith's apprentice,B
+13,us_history,Britain defended the colonists against the French primarily because,William Pitt believed it was necessary to win the war quickly,Britain was protecting its own investment in the colonies,British military officers were personally loyal to colonial troops,the British and the Native Americans did not have friendly relations,Britain wanted to push Spain out of its American colonies,B
+14,us_history,George Washington found the job of commander in chief of the colonial army thankless and exhausting for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,the regular desertion of his soldiers who wanted to return to look after their own affairs,the contempt and distrust with which the British army officers treated him,the fact that his soldiers often refused to obey orders of which they did not approve,his lack of enjoyment of or interest in the military life,the youth and inexperience that made it difficult for him to know the best course to pursue,D
+15,us_history,The two maps in this chapter illustrate which result of the French and Indian War?,The colonists began to identify themselves as fellow Americans rather than as Virginians or New Yorkers.,Dislike and distrust began to grow between Britain and the colonies.,Individual colonies expanded their territory westward.,Britain more than doubled the size of its holdings in North America.,Spain more than doubled the size of its holdings in North America.,D
+16,us_history,Before 1754 French activity in North America was directed primarily toward,open warfare with Spanish colonists along the West Coast,religious conversion of the Native Americans,establishing the fur trade with the Native Americans,border warfare with the British colonists,building large cities along the Mississippi River,C
+17,us_history,The First Continental Congress was convened primarily to,discuss a unified colonial response to the Intolerable Acts,discuss a plan to unite the 13 colonies as an independent nation,raise a standing army that could protect the colonists against Britishoppression,arrive at a set of internal trade regulations that was fair to all colonies,plan a suspension of all trade with Great Britain,A
+18,us_history,Why had Great Britain failed to enforce the Navigation Acts before 1763?,"Smuggling had made the colonies, and therefore Britain, wealthier.",The royal governors in the colonies were disloyal to British interests.,Britain had no interest in what went on in the American colonies.,British representatives found it impossible to enforce laws that so many colonists were determined to ignore.,The colonists threatened the lives and property of the people paid to enforce the Navigation Acts.,D
+19,us_history,The Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans on the night of the Boston Tea Party for all these reasons EXCEPT:,They knew that Native Americans would never be accused or suffer any penalties for the destruction of the tea.,They did not want to be prosecuted for the crime of destroying property that was not theirs.,They wanted their friends and families to be able to say truthfully that they did not recognize them that night.,They knew that dressing up in costumes would add to the excitement and enthusiasm of the undertaking.,They hoped that Native Americans would be blamed for the storming of the Dartmouth.,E
+20,us_history,Paul Revere chose to distort the facts in his engraving of the Boston Massacre primarily to,"unite people from all the colonies against the aggressor, Britain",satisfy his creative instincts as an artist,ensure that the redcoats would not receive a fair trial,ensure that history would portray Britain as a villain,prove that Crispus Attucks and his friends had died the deaths of heroes,A
+21,us_history,"Why did the Northern delegates allow the removal from the Declaration of Independence a passage referring to the slave trade as a ""cruel war against human nature""?",They supported the slave trade.,They were slave owners from large plantations.,They did not like the implication that they were slaves of the king of Great Britain.,They thought the Southerners would not vote for independence if that passage was not removed.,They did not believe that this was the right time to free the slaves.,D
+22,us_history,General Howe was determined to capture the city of Philadelphia primarily because,it was the capital city and such a capture would be prestigious,it was an important Atlantic seaport city,it had been the scene of most of the fierce resistance to the Acts of Parliament before the war began,it was the home of Benjamin Franklin,it was a Loyalist city and would welcome the arrival of the British,A
+23,us_history,Which of the following lists the battles in the correct chronological order?,"Brandywine, Monmouth, Saratoga","Saratoga, Brandywine, Monmouth","Monmouth, Brandywine, Saratoga","Saratoga, Monmouth, Brandywine","Brandywine, Saratoga, Monmouth",E
+24,us_history,What was the primary purpose of the Olive Branch Petition?,To open trade between the United States and the Mediterranean nations of Greece and Italy,To ask King George III to bring about a reconciliation between Parliament and the colonies,To state the reasons for Americans to declare their independence from Great Britain,To urge Americans to declare independence from a corrupt hereditary monarchy,To justify America's decision to begin to take up arms against the redcoats,B
+25,us_history,The Articles of Confederation,were ratified by 9 of the 13 states and then became law,fixed the amount of the Revolutionary War debt Congress would have to repay,did not provide for an executive or judicial branch of the national government,established a strong central authority over the individual states,apportioned representation of each state according to its population,C
+26,us_history,James Madison objected to the Articles of Confederation on all these grounds EXCEPT:,States were violating one another's rights.,Congress could not force states to pay their fair share of taxes.,States were making separate treaties with Native Americans.,Congress included delegates from each state.,States would never work together in their own best long-term interests.,D
+27,us_history,All the following were direct or indirect consequences of the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT:,The United States acquired a large war debt.,The states gave up individual claims to lands outside their borders east of the Mississippi.,"The Northwest Territory was divided into smaller territories, each with its own governor.",An economic depression hit the United States in 1784.,Daniel Shays led a farmers' rebellion in Massachusetts.,A
+28,us_history,The Antifederalists opposed the Constitution primarily because,they thought the United States should be ruled by a constitutional monarchy,they did not want the central government to have too much control over the states,they opposed slavery and wanted a constitution that would outlaw it,they demanded equal representation for all the states,they wanted the Constitution to include The Northwest Ordinances,B
+29,us_history,Which of the following wrote the majority of the Federalist Papers?,Benjamin Franklin,Alexander Hamilton,John Jay,James Madison,George Washington,B
+30,us_history,Why did the delegates agree to keep the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention secret?,They knew their work would be unpopular with their constituents.,They did not want to be subjected to any outside pressures or influences.,They had received a number of threats to their lives.,They knew there were many foreign spies hoping to betray them.,They did not want to provoke an uprising among the people.,B
+31,us_history,All the following were important influences on the framers of the Constitution EXCEPT:,the Magna Carta,the English Bill of Rights,the Roman republic,The Spirit of the Laws,the Federalist Papers,E
+32,us_history,Around which two central figures were the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties organized?,George Washington and John Adams,Alexander Hamilton and John Adams,Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson,Thomas Jefferson and James Madison,John Adams and Thomas Jefferson,C
+33,us_history,What was the major aim of George Washington's foreign policy?,To remain friendly with but neutral toward all nations,To support the French monarchy during the French Revolution,To support the revolutionaries during the French Revolution,To stake a claim to the Louisiana territory,To settle the Northwest Territory as soon as possible,A
+34,us_history,What was the Democratic-Republican response to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts?,The Treaty of Ghent,The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions,The Battle of Tippecanoe,The Judiciary Act,The Embargo Act,B
+35,us_history,All the following major changes first occurred in U.S. society between 1790 and 1825 EXCEPT:,"More than 100,000 Americans migrated westward.",The Industrial Revolution changed the economy and the way people worked.,The Erie Canal was completed.,Voting rights were expanded to include white men who did not own property.,Political leaders began disagreeing over the question of slavery.,E
+36,us_history,The Missouri Compromise stated all the following EXCEPT:,Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slaveholding state.,Maine would be admitted to the Union as a free state.,"Slavery would be outlawed north of Missouri's southern border, except in Missouri itself.",No future state would be admitted to the Union as a slaveholding state.,"The balance of power in Congress would remain even, with 12 free states and 12 slaveholding states.",D
+37,us_history,How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the South?,Planters divided their large plantations into smaller farms.,"The economy boomed because one gin could do the work of 1,000 slaves.",Slavery began to be less profitable and started to die out.,Southerners began to build textile mills and make their own cloth for export and trade.,Southerners began building factories to manufacture more cotton gins.,B
+38,us_history,What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?,To support democracy all over the world,To ally the United States with European interests,To encourage Latin American revolutionaries to rise up against the European colonial powers,To warn European nations not to invade or colonize the western hemisphere,To declare American neutrality in relations between Latin America and Europe,D
+39,us_history,"Who among the following did not belong to the literary community in Concord, Massachusetts?",Louisa May Alcott,Nathaniel Hawthorne,Bronson Alcott,Edgar Allan Poe,Henry David Thoreau,D
+40,us_history,What happened at the Seneca Falls Convention?,A constitutional amendment was passed granting women the right to vote.,A Declaration of Sentiments listing women's grievances was signed and published.,A riot broke out between those who supported and those who opposed women's rights.,The president of the United States pledged to make women's rights a major campaign issue.,Newspaper articles supporting the abolition of slavery were read and discussed.,B
+41,us_history,The rebellion of Nat Turner had all the following effects EXCEPT:,Fifty or sixty white people were killed.,The Southern states passed harsh new laws limiting the rights of slaves.,Southerners blamed William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator for the uprising.,Nat Turner and several of his followers were hanged as criminals.,The rebellion inspired other successful uprisings throughout the South.,E
+42,us_history,The Second Great Awakening gave rise to or supported all the following movements EXCEPT:,women's education,temperance,abolition,women's suffrage,the Whig Party,E
+43,us_history,All these inventions helped revolutionize the U.S. economy in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT:,the cotton gin,the locomotive,the incandescent lightbulb,the steamboat,the spinning jenny,C
+44,us_history,Which of the following social classes did NOT make up a significant part of Southern society?,Wealthy planters,Immigrants,Slaves,Small farmers,Poor whites,B
+45,us_history,Which of the following was the primary reason for the wave of Irish immigration in the 1840s?,Desire to buy land,Desire for economic opportunity,Widespread starvation in the wake of the potato famine,Religious oppression,Political oppression from Great Britain,C
+46,us_history,"Between 1830 and 1850, the United States gained land that would become all the following present-day states EXCEPT:",California,North Dakota,Washington,Oregon,Texas,B
+47,us_history,The Gold Rush of 1849 had all the following immediate effects on California society EXCEPT:,The population became more ethnically diverse.,Many entrepreneurs made their fortunes from the miners.,The population grew by many thousands.,More and more people turned to farming to make a living.,Society became violent and lawless.,D
+48,us_history,The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made it legal to do which of the following?,Prevent an African American from testifying in his or her own defense,Help a slave escape to a free state,Become a free person simply by crossing the border into a free state,Join the Free-Soil Party and speak out in favor of abolition,Execute any slave who was proved to have escaped from his or her owner,A
+49,us_history,The immediate cause of Southern secession from the Union was,the raid on Harpers Ferry,the Pottawatomie Massacre,the election of Abraham Lincoln,the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act,the determination of Kansas to be a free state,C
+50,us_history,"In his opinion in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, Chief Justice Taney stated all the following EXCEPT:",The Fifth Amendment protected slaveowners' rights to their property.,The Missouri Compromise had been unconstitutional because it violated slaveowners' property rights.,The framers of the Constitution clearly had not intended the Constitution to apply to anyone of African descent.,Slave status did not depend on geography but traveled everywhere with a person who was a slave.,"As long as society provided separate but equal opportunities to African slaves, it did not have to do anything more for them.",E
+51,us_history,Why did Thoreau and other abolitionists praise John Brown?,They approved of using violence to change laws.,They looked forward eagerly to a war between North and South.,They wanted to see as many slavers killed as possible.,They admired his long history of helping African Americans and dealing fairly with them.,They felt that Brown had taken an appropriate revenge for Congressman Brooks's attack on Senator Sumner.,D
+52,us_history,The Union strategy for winning the war included all the following EXCEPT:,dividing the Confederacy along the Mississippi River and conquering both halves in turn,taking control of the Mississippi so that the South could not use it for trade or communication,blockading Confederate ports so that no supplies or reinforcements could come in,capturing and killing Confederate President Jefferson Davis,"capturing the capital city of Richmond, Virginia",D
+53,us_history,The Union was more likely to win a war of attrition because,it had a larger pool of available reinforcements and could resupply its troops,the Confederates had not been able to march farther north than Maryland,the Confederate officers did not know how to fight a war of attrition,African Americans fought only on the Union side,its military leaders had no command of strategy and tactics,A
+54,us_history,"The Emancipation Proclamation, by implication, extended which of the following offers to Confederate states?",They could keep their slaves if they abandoned the Confederacy and rejoined the Union.,The war would continue until they freed their slaves.,The Union would pay them for their slaves if they would agree to free them.,The Union would surrender if they agreed to free their slaves.,The Confederacy could exist as an independent nation if it would build an impregnable border between its territory and that of the United States.,A
+55,us_history,Andrew Johnson was impeached primarily because he,dismissed Edwin M. Stanton from a cabinet post,disagreed with the congressional majority on domestic policy,committed high crimes and misdemeanors,prevented Congress from enacting any legislation that would propel Reconstruction forward,failed to carry out any projects that President Lincoln had planned to enact,B
+56,us_history,Southern Democrats did all the following to bar likely Republican voters from the polls EXCEPT:,threatened them with violence,charged a poll tax they could not afford,made them take a literacy test they were likely to fail,shot them to death,passed laws that denied them the right to vote,E
+57,us_history,Many active supporters of the women's suffrage movement opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because,the women's movement did not care about the rights of African Americans,white suffragists thought that their concerns were more important than those of African Americans,women were angry that the Fifteenth Amendment did not give them the right to vote,suffragists did not want African Americans to have voting rights,women were afraid that the Fifteenth Amendment would jeopardize their fight for women's suffrage,C
+58,us_history,The U.S. government insisted on moving Native Americans to reservations primarily because,settlers from the East were greedy for the Native Americans' ancestral lands,Native American hunting practices threatened the survival of the buffalo,Native Americans were better at farming and technology than were Americans of European descent,settlers from the East did not understand Native American languages,government authorities were afraid of a planned Native American rebellion,A
+59,us_history,The Pacific Railway Act had all the following effects EXCEPT:,the arrival in California of thousands of Chinese immigrants,a rise in the national rate of employment,an increase in westward migration by people in search of jobs with the railroad,the sale of surplus railroad land to homesteaders,a decline in production in the steel industry,E
+60,us_history,African Americans traveled west after the Civil War for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,to work on the railroad,to escape racial segregation,to work in the fur-trading industry,to mine gold and silver,to claim homesteads for themselves and their families,C
+61,us_history,All the following inventions were developed during the Second Industrial Revolution EXCEPT:,the lightbulb,the telephone,the air brake,the cotton gin,the typewriter,D
+62,us_history,"In a dispute with owners or management, workers had all the following advantages EXCEPT:",There were far more of them.,No business could function without them.,They could form unions to help them survive financially during strikes.,Owners stood to lose substantial profits if workers refused to work.,They could not be replaced easily.,E
+63,us_history,"In the early 1900's, nativists supported restrictions on immigration for all the following reasons EXCEPT:",They did not want U.S. culture changed.,They did not want to learn to speak foreign languages.,They feared that immigrants would lower the working wage.,"They thought immigrants might bring in ideas, values, and ways of thinking that would not fit in.",They feared that immigrants would take jobs away from workers born in the United States.,B
+64,us_history,The settlement-house movement had all the following goals EXCEPT:,to train young women for careers in education or social work,to integrate city school systems,to provide a day-care center for the young children of working parents,to provide a social gathering place in a neighborhood,to offer classes in English and other subjects for children and adults,B
+65,us_history,The Populist Party was founded with all the following goals EXCEPT:,to support the coinage of silver,to return to the gold standard,to push for government ownership of the railroads,to regulate the banks,to restrict immigration,B
+66,us_history,"In the late 1870s, the Republican Party was divided primarily over the issue of",the gold standard,civil-service reform,racial segregation,women's rights,raising taxes,B
+67,us_history,Theodore Roosevelt believed that big business should be regulated federally primarily because,it was wrong for so few people to control so much money and property,owners would not take proper care of the welfare of their workers or customers unless forced to by law,businesses were not efficiently run or profitable,too many people bought imported goods rather than goods made in the United States,businesses were destroying too great a proportion of the nation’s natural resources,B
+68,us_history,"The Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, established which of the following?",Secret ballots in local elections,A direct primary,Direct popular election of senators,An eight-hour workday,A federal minimum wage,C
+69,us_history,Conservatives supported environmental legislation under Roosevelt and Taft because,they did not want the natural resources of the United States to die out or be used up,they wanted a place in which to go hunting,they always sided with the owners in labor disputes,they opposed regulation of big business,they did not want certain rare species of birds or animals to become extinct,A
+70,us_history,The United States became an imperialist nation in the late 1800s for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,desire to establish new markets for U.S. goods,interest in acquiring naval bases in strategic locations,"need to obtain inexpensive access to certain goods that the United States could not produce for itself, such as sugar and rubber",desire to put an end to tyranny in foreign nations,wish to be considered a powerful force in world affairs,D
+71,us_history,By 1920 the United States had acquired partial or total control over all the following EXCEPT:,the Canal Zone,Puerto Rico,China,the Philippines,Guam,C
+72,us_history,Which of the following did the Roosevelt Corollary modify?,The Monroe Doctrine,The Platt Amendment,The Hawaiian constitution,The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty,The Open Door Policy,A
+73,us_history,All of the following nations were allied with the Central Powers EXCEPT:,France,Germany,Turkey,Bulgaria,Austria-Hungary,A
+74,us_history,The United States came out of World War I in a strong international position primarily because,it had founded the League of Nations,it had lost relatively few of its fighting forces and its economy was prosperous,it had had a successful socialist revolution,it was geographically isolated from Europe,it had dictated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles,B
+75,us_history,The Treaty of Versailles stated all the following EXCEPT:,Germany would have to pay reparations to Allied nations.,Alsace-Lorraine would be returned to France.,New nations called Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia would be established.,Russia would be known as the Soviet Union.,Germany would accept total blame for the war.,D
+76,us_history,All the following characterized the 1920s EXCEPT:,a rise in organized crime,a wave of prolabor legislation,the development of mass entertainment,technological advances such as the radio,the rise in popularity of the automobile,B
+77,us_history,"Who were ""the Untouchables""?",Chicago White Sox baseball players who threw the World Series in 1919,Organized criminals who worked for Al Capone,The murderers involved in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre,Characters in a novel by Ernest Hemingway,FBI detectives who worked on cases involving violations of Prohibition,E
+78,us_history,All the following characterized the flapper EXCEPT:,bobbed hair,short skirts,participation in sports,political activism,cigarette smoking,D
+79,us_history,All the following were contributing causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT:,margin buying,frequent fluctuations in share prices,widespread bank failures,the existence of Hoovervilles,widespread business failures,D
+80,us_history,Which of the following New Deal programs was intended to ensure that no Great Depression could occur again in the future?,Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,Farm Credit Administration,Tennessee Valley Authority,Public Works Administration,Civilian Conservation Corps,A
+81,us_history,"After they drove west from the Dust Bowl seeking work in California, most farmers",found good jobs and soon returned to prosperity,competed with thousands like themselves for poorly paid work,got arrested protesting unfair working conditions,crossed the border into Mexico to find work,petitioned the White House for help in fighting the growers' association,B
+82,us_history,All the following nations were under Axis control by the end of 1940 EXCEPT:,Poland,the Soviet Union,France,Italy,the Netherlands,B
+83,us_history,All the following were U.S. victories in the Pacific EXCEPT:,Bataan,Guadalcanal,Coral Sea,Midway,Solomon Islands,A
+84,us_history,Which of the following was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?,To guarantee the territorial integrity of China,To permit Roosevelt to run for a third presidential term,To set limits on the size of the British and Japanese navies,To spell out the war aims of the Allied Powers,To provide military aid to defend Britain and other Allied countries,E
+85,us_history,The Battle of the Bulge took place when Allied troops,invaded North Africa,approached Germany's western border,fought German troops in Italy,landed on the beaches of Normandy,fought the Japanese at Iwo Jima,B
+86,us_history,Which of the following was among the reasons why President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan?,He wanted to free the Philippines from Japanese occupation.,He feared a Japanese invasion of the United States.,He believed the bombing would shorten the war and save U.S. lives.,He wanted to impress the British with U.S. strength.,He wanted to destroy every city in Japan.,C
+87,us_history,The Potsdam Conference provided for all the following EXCEPT:,the division of Germany into four occupied zones,the payment of reparations to the Allies,the reorganization of the Soviet government,the acknowledgment that Poland could keep the German territory it had claimed,the conversion of the German economy to agriculture and light industry.,C
+88,us_history,Which of the following prompted the first use of UN military forces?,Tension between the Soviet Union and the United States,The nuclear arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States,The North Korean invasion of South Korea,The international agreement to put Nazi officials on trial for their crimes,Anticommunist hysteria in the United States,C
+89,us_history,The primary purpose of the Marshall Plan was to,reestablish democratic governments in Western Europe,provide military assistance to Britain and its empire,offer financial aid for reconstruction to European nations,help Japan rebuild its cities and its economy,increase U.S. power in the world,C
+90,us_history,All the following advances were made in race relations in the United States between 1940 and 1960 EXCEPT:,"In Brown Vs. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that segregated public schools were unconstitutional.",Public transportation was desegregated.,Major league baseball was desegregated.,The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed.,A voting rights act was passed.,E
+91,us_history,The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had all the following provisions EXCEPT:,"It banned racial, gender, religious, and ethnic discrimination in employment.",It removed certain voter-registration restrictions.,It made segregation illegal in all public places.,It allowed the federal government to sue public schools that did not desegregate.,It integrated the federal government and the armed forces.,E
+92,us_history,The Cuban missile crisis ended when,the Soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles from Cuba if U.S. missiles were withdrawn from sites in Turkey,President Kennedy ordered the U.S. Navy to turn back Soviet ships headed for Cuba,a CIA-sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles was defeated at the Bay of Pigs,President Kennedy was assassinated,the East German government built a wall around the perimeter of West Berlin,A
+93,us_history,All the following characterized the civil rights movement EXCEPT:,advocating legislation that would outlaw segregation,nonviolent demonstrations,sit-ins at segregated lunch counters and restaurants,police brutality against civil rights marchers,violent attacks on segregated restaurants and other public facilities,E
+94,us_history,All the following are programs of the Great Society EXCEPT:,the National Organization for Women,Head Start,the Corporation for Public Broadcasting,Medicare,Medicaid,A
+95,us_history,A major achievement of the civil rights movement in the 1960s was,equality in pay for white and African-American workers doing the same jobs,a huge increase in the number of African-American voters in the South,equal access to higher education for African Americans,appointment of African Americans to leading posts in major corporations,election of African-American majorities in state legislatures,B
+96,us_history,President Johnson called for a voting rights bill in 1965 after,"Martin Luther King., Jr., was assassinated",he defeated the Republican Barry Goldwater in a landslide election,Betty Friedan and others formed the National Organization for Women,racial disturbances broke out in Detroit and Los Angeles,"a protest march let by Martin Luther King, Jr., was met with violence",E
+97,us_history,Which of the following presidents sent troops to Vietnam?,"Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy","Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon",Johnson and Nixon,Kennedy and Johnson,Johnson,B
+98,us_history,Which of the following was NOT settled in the U.S.–North Vietnamese peace agreement of 1973?,An exchange of prisoners of war,The political future of South Vietnam,The withdrawal of U.S. troops,The end of U.S. military aid to South Vietnam,A cease-fire,B
+99,us_history,All the following turned people in the United States against the Vietnam War EXCEPT:,the Kent State and Jackson State massacres,publication of the Pentagon Papers,disclosure of the bombing of Cambodia,repeal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution,revulsion against the horrors of war as shown on television news broadcasts,D
+100,us_history,Nixon's foreign policy of détente was meant to improve relations between the United States and,North Vietnam,Cambodia,Taiwan,China,the Soviet Union,E
+101,us_history,"The ""energy crisis"" of 1973 started when",Arab countries refused to ship petroleum to countries friendly to Israel,Congress refused to authorize oil drilling in Alaska,oil reserves in Texas and Oklahoma began to run dry,the public refused to support the building of nuclear power plants,the United States decided to end all imports of foreign petroleum,A
+102,us_history,The Watergate burglars were,newspaper reporters investigating a crime story,FBI agents looking for evidence of wrongdoing by Nixon,thieves looking for money in the Democratic Party offices,operatives in the pay of Nixon's reelection committee,Democratic Party members looking for evidence to discredit Republicans,D
+103,us_history,President Jimmy Carter helped work out a peace agreement between,Palestine and Israel,Israel and Egypt,Egypt and Jordan,Iraq and Kuwait,East Germany and West Germany,B
+104,us_history,The Cold War ended primarily because,Germans destroyed the Berlin Wall,Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced new policies,the United States defeated communism in Vietnam,the United States created a rebel army in Nicaragua,the workers of Poland staged a series of strikes,B
+105,us_history,The Gulf War of 1991 was fought to liberate,Iran,Israel,Kuwait,Saudi Arabia,Nicaragua,C
+106,us_history,President Bill Clinton suffered defeat in Congress when he,sought to reform the nation's largely private system of health-care insurance,attempted to reduce the federal government's financial deficit,tried to impose strict requirements on recipients of public assistance,sought passage of an act requiring corporations to provide workers with unpaid leave to cope with family medical emergencies,chose Senator Al Gore to be his vice president,A
+107,us_history,The presidential election of 2000 was decided when,a recount of votes in Florida showed that Bush had won the popular vote,a recount of electoral votes was ordered by the Supreme Court,"a vote recount in Florida was barred by the Supreme Court, effectively making Bush president",a recount of the popular vote nationwide showed that Gore was the loser,Republicans agreed to permit a recount of the popular vote in Florida,C
+108,us_history,The Bush administration launched the war in Iraq in 2003 in alliance with,the United Nations Security Council,Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries,"Germany, France, and other major U.S. allies","Great Britain, along with token forces from several smaller countries",no other countries or international organizations,D
+109,us_history,"At the start of his term, President Barack Obama faced all the following challenges in office EXCEPT:",a housing and mortgage crisis,flood relief for the city of New Orleans,a war in Iraq,a crashing stock market,soaring unemployment,B
+110,us_history,"""Slavery now stands erect, clanking its chains on the territory of Kansas, surrounded by a code of death, and trampling upon all cherished liberties."" This statement was most likely made by a(n)",Whig,muckraker,plantation owner,Democrat,abolitionist,E
+111,us_history,The president's power to veto a bill is checked by Congress's power to,override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote,filibuster,call for a referendum,petition the states,impeach,A
+112,us_history,"The Olmec, the Maya, the Toltec, the Aztec, and  the Inca are the earliest major civilizations of the Americas and are termed the",Paleolithic migrations,"cultures of ""blue men""",Mesoamerican cultures,Tewa nations,sun worshippers,C
+113,us_history,"Even though the Tea Act of 1773 lowered the price of East India tea, the colonists opposed it primarily because",the British were selling the colonies inferior tea,the price of the tea included a tax the colonists did not want to pay,the Dutch threatened to stop trading with the colonies,the act gave trading privileges to Dutch merchants over colonial merchants,the British colonial governors took the tea for themselves,B
+114,us_history,Most European immigrants at the turn of the  nineteenth century passed through:,"Castle Garden, New York","Roosevelt Island, New York","The Port of Boston, Massachusetts","Ellis Island, New York","Plymouth, Massachusetts",D
+115,us_history,Henry Clay's proposal that Maine enter the Union as a free state and Missouri enter as a slave state was called,the Maine Compromise,the Missouri Compromise,the Clay Compromise,Clay's Folly,the Know-Nothing Agreement,B
+116,us_history,"In a 1906 speech, Theodore Roosevelt described a man with a muckrake who ""fixes his eyes . . . only on that which is vile and debasing."" His speech gave rise to the new word  muckrakers, referring to",farmers in lowland areas,trial lawyers,religious leaders,judges in criminal courts,investigative journalists,E
+117,us_history,The only United States president who was not a member of a Protestant sect was,Franklin D. Roosevelt,Harry S Truman,Dwight D. Eisenhower,John F. Kennedy,Lyndon B. Johnson,D
+119,us_history,"In the aftermath of President Kennedy's assassination, a commission was formed to review the  evidence and publish a report. The commission was headed by",Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson,Pierre Salinger,Senator J. William Fulbright,Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy,Chief Justice Earl Warren,E
+120,us_history,"The Fourteen Points, presented in January 1918, were",Winston Churchill's plans for dealing with Hitler,American suffragists' demands for women's rights,Woodrow Wilson's plan for building peace in the post-World War I world,sections of the income tax amendment to the Constitution,the Socialist Party's proposal for economic fairness,C
+121,us_history,White Southerners were opposed to Northerners who trav eled south after the Civil War to work for racial justice and/or make money.  They called these people:,mugwumps,Whigs,dog robbers,Southern sympathizers,carpetbaggers,E
+122,us_history,"President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, warning European powers not to establish new colonies in the western hemisphere. This policy was supported by",Spain,Russia,England,France,Cuba,C
+123,us_history,The voyage that brought African captives across the Atlantic to the Americas and the West Indies is referred to as the,Middle Passage,Northwest Passage,China Passage,Passage to India,Bermuda Passage,A
+124,us_history,Gifford Pinchot is associated with a movement that began in the nineteenth century and focused on protecting the country's natural  environment. Thismovement is called the,Greenpeace movement,emancipation movement,enfranchisement movement,conservationist movement,emigration movement,D
+125,us_history,"""Tippecanoe and Tyler, too"" was a campaign slogan in the presidential election of 1840. ""Tippecanoe"" refers to",John Tyler,Andrew Jackson,Benjamin Harrison,William Henry Harrison,George Rogers Clark,D
+126,us_history,"Beginning in 1663 with Carolina, a second wave of colonization in British North America was facilitated by",the restoration of Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans to power in Great Britain,King George II of Great Britain,the restoration of the monarchy in Britain and land grants in the New World from Charles II to his supporters,the voyages of exploration by John Cabot,peace pacts between French missionaries and Native American tribes,C
+127,us_history,"Jazz, flappers, bathtub gin, red-hot flannels, speakeasies, and radio stations were all elements of the era known as",the Gay Nineties,the Roaring Twenties,the Fabulous Sixties,Reconstruction,the turn of the century,B
+128,us_history,The first U.S. military response to a suspected  terrorist act came in 1986 when President Ronald Reagan ordered a bombing attack on which country?,Syria,Pakistan,Turkey,Uganda,Libya,E
+129,us_history,Automation in the 1950s and 1960s brought about what two significant economic changes in the United States?,Increased hiring and tax cuts,An increase in manufacturing jobs and lower unemployment,Reductions in farm employment and elimination of factory jobs,Higher taxes and inflation,No changes,C
+130,us_history,The U.S. pressured Cuba to accept the Platt Amendment in 1901. It made Cuba a protectorate of the United States. A protectorate is a,U.S. possession,country that promises to help protect the United States,country that contributes soldiers to the U.S. Army,country that accepts U.S. protection in exchange for the right of the United States to intervene in its affairs,country that is protected from U.S. aggression,D
+131,us_history,The Fifteenth Amendment tried to ensure the right of black men to vote. The first presidential election after the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment  was in,1864,1920,1860,1960,1872,E
+133,us_history,"The Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa, the first European to cross the isthmus of Panama, saw a body of water he thought was the South Sea. It was actually the",Atlantic Ocean,Pacific Ocean,Gulf of Mexico,Indian Ocean,Caribbean Sea,B
+134,us_history,The route known as the Oregon Trail followed the Platte River,across the Appalachians and into Ohio,across the Rio Grande and up the California coast to Oregon,across the Great Plains to the Rocky Mountains and then into Oregon along the Snake River,across the Mississippi and along the Missouri River to the Badlands and into Canada,across the desert and up the Sierra Nevadas to Oregon,C
+135,us_history,Ralph Nader became prominent during the 1960s as an advocate for,transportation improvements,education reform,consumer interests,congressional term limits,vegetarianism,C
+136,us_history,"On March 12, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made a radio broadcast from the White House to explain his reasons for closing U.S. banks for a few days. This grew into a regular series of broadcasts that became known as",fireside chats,The FDR Hour,The State of the Union,America Today,This Week in the News,A
+137,us_history,"The ""British Invasion"" of 1964 refers to",an attack by Great Britain on the U.S. Virgin Islands,an increase in British immigration to Canada,the sale of British-made automobiles in the United States,the introduction of popular British rock bands to U.S. audiences,the broadcast of British television shows in the United States,D
+138,us_history,"The first union of skilled workers, founded by Samuel L. Gompers in 1886, was called the",Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),U.S. Department of Labor,International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU),American Federation of Labor (AFL),Industrial Workers of the World (IWW),D
+139,us_history,The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired in which colony?,Massachusetts,Virginia,New Hampshire,Pennsylvania,New York,A
+140,us_history,"In The American Crisis, no. 1, Thomas Paine referred to ""the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot."" Whom did he mean?",Traitors to the U.S. Army,People who had supported independence before the war but changed their minds once it began,Colonists who had remained loyal to Great Britain all along,Soldiers who fired on the mobs during the Boston Massacre,"Redcoats who fired on the minutemen, who were British subjects like themselves",B
+141,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a primary aim of the Progressive movement of the early 1900s?,Passing laws that would improve slum conditions in large cities,"Teaching immigrants to read, write, and speak English",Supporting the passage of legislation that would make the workplace safer,"Creating public baths, parks, and playgrounds in urban areas",Making English the official language of the United States,E
+142,us_history,The 1938 panic in which people thought that the earth was being attacked by hostile aliens from Mars was caused by a,radio broadcast of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds by Orson Welles and the Mercury Theater,series of swaths cut into mysterious symbolic shapes in Midwestern cornfields,"power blackout that darkened the Northeast from Boston to Washington, D.C.",series of tornadoes in the Southeast in which many people disappeared,mysterious cloud formation hovering over the face of the moon,A
+143,us_history,"Why did the writer Gertrude Stein describe Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and other artistic and literary Americans as a ""lost generation"" during the 1920s?","They preferred to live in Europe, not the United States.",They had fought recently on the losing side in World War I.,They were disillusioned by the experience of World War I.,They had lost all feeling of American patriotism.,They despised society and lived isolated lives.,C
+144,us_history,"The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863,",freed all slaves in the United States,freed all slaves in the Confederate States,required all slaves to register with the government,gave all adult male slaves the right to vote,gave all adult male slaves the right to enlist in the Union Army,B
+145,us_history,"""From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent."" The phrase ""iron curtain,"" coined in 1947, refers to the","Marshall Plan, which provided millions of dollars in U.S. aid to any nation in Europe that requested it",Allied invasion of Normandy during World War II,borderline between nations under Soviet communist influence and the rest of the world,borderline between Northern and Southern Europe,concrete wall that divided East Berlin from West Berlin,C
+146,us_history,Jane Addams opened Hull House in Chicago in 1889 for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,providing meaningful career opportunities for young women,improving living conditions in the immediate neighborhood,providing a day-care center for the young children of working parents,teaching English and other subjects to newly arrived immigrants,eliminating racial segregation throughout the city of Chicago,E
+147,us_history,"""Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much the higher consideration."" Which of the following would the speaker of this quotation most likely support?",Prohibition,Socialism,Segregation,Progressivism,Capitalism,B
+149,us_history,People in the United States lost confidence in  President Herbert Hoover primarily because,his policies did not bring about an economic recovery,the Hoover Dam was an environmental disaster,the judges he appointed to the Supreme Court were incompetent,he outlawed membership in the Socialist and Communist parties,he established the Federal Farm Board in 1929,A
+150,us_history,The primary purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804–1806 was to,make accurate maps of the Louisiana Territory,search for a water route across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific,register all the Native American tribes living in the Louisiana Territory,study the various types of plant and animals in the Louisiana Territory,establish friendly relations with the Native American tribes of the Pacific Coast,B
+151,us_history,Which of the following would give a historian the clearest insight into the reasons for the way the Constitution was written?,Minutes and transcripts of debates to the Constitutional Convention,The diary of a Convention delegate such as James Madison or Benjamin Franklin,A copy of the  Federalist Papers,Newspaper editorials published during the Constitutional Convention,A copy of the Constitution,A
+152,us_history,Which of the following facts supports the theory that the War of 1812 brought about economic prosperity in the United States?,The USS  Constitution destroyed several British warships.,Andrew Jackson led his troops to victory in the Battle of New Orleans.,Great Britain and the United States became allies after the war ended.,Trade embargoes forced U.S. manufacturers to expand operations.,The Treaty of Ghent strengthened U.S. control over the Northwest Territory.,D
+153,us_history,What took place during the Saturday Night Massacre?,"A mob of Bostonians threw stones at British troops, who retaliated by firing on them.",General George Armstrong Custer and all his troops were killed at the Battle of Little Bighorn.,Attorney General Eliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus resigned rather than obey President Nixon's order to fire Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox.,"George Washington and his troops captured and imprisoned the entire Hessian force at Trenton, New Jersey.","The stock market crashed on October 24, 1929, and some prominent people who had lost their fortunes committed suicide.",C
+154,us_history,"Which nation was NOT involved in the 1921 FourPower Treaty, an agreement to respect territorial claims in the Pacific?",France,Great Britain,Japan,The Netherlands,The United States,D
+155,us_history,Which novel was a catalyst for reform in the meatpacking industry under President Theodore Roosevelt?,Manhattan Transferby John Dos Passos,The Jungle by Upton Sinclair,Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis,The Octopusby Frank Norris,The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck,B
+156,us_history,African Americans moved west in large numbers after the Civil War for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,to look for greater racial tolerance and economic opportunity,to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the Harlem Renaissance,to escape violent persecution by angry white Southerners,to acquire farmland that the Homestead Act made available for free to the first people to claim it,to work on building the railroad that soon would connect the East Coast and the West Coast,B
+157,us_history,Which of the following was NOT proposed in 1850 to the U.S. Senate as a compromise between proslavery and antislavery factions?,Admission to the United States of California as a free state,Continuation of slavery in the District of Columbia,Passage of tougher fugitive slave legislation,Purchase of its claim to New Mexico Territory from Texas,Division of Texas into two new territories: New Mexico and Utah,E
+158,us_history,Which of the following most aptly supports the assertion that Native Americans have suffered the worst discrimination of all groups in U.S. history?,Native Americans taught the colonists to grow corn and gather plants that were safe and nutritious to eat.,European explorers and colonists introduced Native Americans to the horse as a working animal and to pigs and chickens as sources of food.,Native Americans and Europeans had different cultural values.,Congress did not grant universal U.S. citizenship for Native Americans until 1924.,The European invaders and colonists of North America refused to learn Native American languages.,D
+159,us_history,"Which war did young Americans protest by burning their draft cards and draft notices, fleeing to Canada, and demonstrating against the administration?",Korean War,Vietnam War,Persian Gulf War,War in Afghanistan,Iraq War,B
+160,us_history,Which statement most aptly supports the theory that the Black Sox scandal of 1919 was a result of the exploitation of labor by management?,"F. Scott Fitzgerald referred to the scandal as ""playing with the faith of fifty million people.""",The baseball players were in effect indentured servants with no right to strike or to accept offers from other teams.,The eight White Sox players accused of conspiring to cheat were acquitted in a jury trial.,"Baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis permanently banned the eight ""Black Sox"" from professional baseball.",Millions of Americans were cheated in their expectation of seeing a fairly contested World Series.,B
+161,us_history,Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the three Civil War battles?,"Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh","Gettysburg, Shiloh, Antietam","Shiloh, Gettysburg, Antietam","Gettysburg, Antietam, Shiloh","Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg",E
+162,us_history,"""And the dispossessed, the migrants, flowed into California, two hundred and fifty thousand, and three hundred thousand. Behind them new tractors were going on to the land and the tenants were being forced off. And new waves were on the way,  new waves of the dispossessed and the homeless, hardened, intent, and dangerous."" The author of this quotation is describing",pioneers riding westward along the Oregon Trail,prospectors hurrying to California during the Gold Rush of 1849,farmers leaving the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression,Mexicans crossing the Rio Grande into the United States,African Americans migrating west during Reconstruction,C
+163,us_history,What was the most significant result of the Battle of Little Bighorn?,The U.S. Army redoubled its efforts to move Native Americans to reservations.,The U.S. 7th Cavalry troops were all killed in the battle.,The 7th Cavalry attacked the Lakota at dawn after riding all night.,The Lakota felt more confident about their ability to fight the U.S. Army.,The Native American tribes of the southern plains agreed to move to Indian Territory.,A
+164,us_history,Everyday life in the United States changed after the Second Industrial Revolution in all the following ways EXCEPT:,More people worked in factories.,Electricity changed the way people worked and played.,People could travel longer distances in a fraction of the time.,Instant long-distance communication became commonplace.,The percentage of women working in offices declined as factory work opened up opportunities for women.,E
+165,us_history,The Mexican-American War was caused primarily by,a border dispute between Mexico and Texas,an unpaid debt that Mexico owed the United States,the involvement of the United States in the 1836 Texas revolution,the overthrow of the Mexican administration and its replacement by a military regime,the Texan siege of the Spanish mission/fort known as the Alamo,A
+166,us_history,The primary reason the Confederate Army lost the Battle of Gettysburg was that,the Union troops did not have sufficient reinforcements to win the battle,Confederate General Robert E. Lee was a strategically gifted commander,the Union forces were able to hold the high ground northwest of Gettysburg,the Confederate troops retreated south after Pickett's Charge,Union troops vastly outnumbered the Confederates,C
+167,us_history,The earliest example of republican government in North America is the,Mayflower Compact,Articles of Confederation,Iroquois Confederacy,Gettysburg Address,U.S. Constitution,C
+169,us_history,"As the Constitutional Convention ended, Benjamin Franklin commented about a half-sun with its rays painted on George Washington's chair that ""now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting sun."" Franklin meant these words as",a criticism of the delegates to the Convention who did not share his faith in the Constitution,an indication that he knew that the fight for the ratification of the Constitution would be difficult,a joke about the poor quality of the furniture in Independence Hall,an expression of hope and optimism for the new government he had helped design,a criticism of the painter of the chair,D
+171,us_history,The Farmers' Alliance of the 1870s was founded with all the following goals EXCEPT:,organizing cooperatives to buy equipment and market farm products,offering farmers low-cost insurance,lobbying for tougher bank regulations,helping members in times of hardship such as drought,supporting private ownership of national railroads,E
+172,us_history,Pocahontas's friendship with the Jamestown colonists was historically important because she,encouraged trust and good relations between Native Americans and colonists,set other Native American women an example by marrying John Rolfe of Jamestown,made it possible for the Native Americans and colonists to trade with one another,ensured that the colonists granted the Native Americans full equal legal rights,permanently ended hostilities between the Native Americans and colonists,A
+173,us_history,Which factor contributed most to the rise of membership in labor unions between 1915 and 1920?,The efforts of progressive reformers,The expansion of the open shop,The fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company,The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment,The exclusion of unskilled workers,A
+174,us_history,Which event did NOT lead directly to the annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory in 1898?,Passage of the McKinley Tariff of 1890,Formation of the Secret Hawaiian League in 1886,Election of William McKinley to the presidency in 1898,Rebellion of Hawaiian supporters of annexation in 1893,Coronation of Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii in 1891,E
+175,us_history,What is the significance of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry regiment of the Union Army?,It began the Civil War by firing on Fort Sumter.,It was composed entirely of African-American soldiers and officers.,It was the first African-American regiment to play a major role in a military campaign.,It was an aristocratic regiment whose officers refused any pay.,It included a number of women who disguised themselves as men in order to take part in combat.,C
+176,us_history,Which of the following best supports the theory that the United States had imperialist ambitions as of the end of the nineteenth century?,The establishment of the Open Door Policy in 1899,The Russo-Japanese War of 1904,The annexation of Hawaii in 1898,The popularity of yellow journalism in 1890s,The start of Mexican Revolution in 1910,C
+177,us_history,Spanish and Spanish-sponsored parties explored and/or settled all the following areas of North America EXCEPT:,the northern Atlantic coast,the Gulf of Mexico,the Pacific coast,the Southwest,the Mississippi valley,A
+178,us_history,"Soon after World War I broke out in Europe, people in the United States became outraged against  Germany because of the 1915 sinking of the",Titanic,Maine,Lusitania,Constitution,Hindenburg,C
+179,us_history,The development of atomic technology affected daily life in the United States in all the following ways EXCEPT:,encouraging schools to teach more math and science classes,contributing to the popularity of science-fiction literature and movies,leading to widespread fears of a nuclear attack,reinforcing the fear of former allies France and Great Britain,spurring people to build or make bomb shelters,D
+180,us_history,Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?,Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment for crimes,Possession of rights other than those listed in the Constitution,Protection against search and seizure of property without a warrant,The right to remain silent if arrested and tried for a crime,The right to vote for all free males age 21 or over,E
+183,us_history,"""Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."" To which of the following events is the speaker of this quotation alluding?",Signing of the Declaration of Independence,Ratification of the Constitution,Passage of the Bill of Rights,Repeal of Prohibition,Passage of the Civil Rights Act,A
+184,us_history,"""We believe that America had something better to offer mankind than those aims she is now pursuing....  She has lost her unique position as a potential leader in the progress of civilization and has taken up her place simply as one of the grasping and selfish nations of the present day."" The speaker of this quotation most likely opposed the",Lewis and Clark expedition,California gold rush,annexation of the Philippines,Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition,passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,C
+185,us_history,Congress passed the War Powers Act in response to the,Korean War,Vietnam War,Persian Gulf War,Six-Day War,Iraq War,B
+186,us_history,The 1783 Treaty of Paris granted the United States all the following EXCEPT:,British recognition of the United States as an independent nation,all territory between the 13 states and the Mississippi River,the right to maintain a standing army in the former colonies,British acceptance of U.S. payment of all debts owed by the colonies,fishing rights in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,C
+187,us_history,Which of the following made it possible for the United States to govern and control the Canal Zone in Panama?,The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty,The Platt Amendment,The Jones Act,The Foraker Act,The Roosevelt Corollary,A
+188,us_history,"""I think we came, without really knowing it, to make the memorial our wailing wall. We came to find the names of those we lost in the war, as if by tracing the letters cut into the granite we could find what was left of ourselves ...."" The speaker most likely is referring to the",Ellis Island memorial,Lincoln Memorial,Vietnam War Memorial,Washington Monument,Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,C
+189,us_history,All the following people were key figures in the Watergate scandal EXCEPT:,Richard M. Nixon,John Dean III,James McCord,Robert Bork,Robert S. McNamara,E
+190,us_history,"""Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. From this day forward, any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United Sates as a hostile regime."" These words most likely were spoken by which president?",Abraham Lincoln,Ulysses S. Grant,Woodrow Wilson,Franklin Roosevelt,George W. Bush,E
+191,us_history,What was the connection between political machines of the late 1800s and the need for city services?,Political bosses often supported public projects.,Voters who wanted city services boycotted the polls on election day.,The federal government took over public works projects during the New Deal era.,The New York City subway system was built by the Tweed political machine.,The political machines refused all interest in public-works projects.,A
+192,us_history,"""Reformation must be effected; the foundation of southern institutions, both political, municipal, and social must be broken up and  relaid, or all our blood and treasure have been spent in vain. . . . Without this, this government can never be, as it has never been, a true republic."" The author of the above statement most likely opposed the",Black Codes,Civil Rights Act,Platt Amendment,Seneca Falls Convention,Tenure of Office Act,A
+193,us_history,Which of the following women is NOT famous for her activities in wartime?,Clara Barton,Mary Ludwig Hayes,Deborah Sampson,Susan B. Anthony,Tokyo Rose,D
+194,us_history,The maintenance of the peace and safety of the United States was the stated aim of the,XYZ Affair,Alien and Sedition Acts,Bill of Rights,Federalist Papers,Louisiana Purchase,B
+195,us_history,"To which author did Abraham Lincoln jokingly say, on meeting her, ""So you're the little lady who started this great war""?",Edith Wharton,Harriet Beecher Stowe,Zorah Neale Hurston,Louisa May Alcott,Mary Mapes Dodge,B
+196,us_history,Which of the following happened for the fist time during the presidential election of 1828?,A Federalist won the election.,Free African Americans voted.,"The voters, not the state legislatures, chose the electors.",Native Americans voted.,A war hero won the election.,C
+197,us_history,Which president's domestic programs were collectively known as the Great Society?,Franklin D. Roosevelt,Harry S. Truman,Dwight D. Eisenhower,John F. Kennedy,Lyndon B. Johnson,E
+198,us_history,Over which issue did Congress agree to permit or withhold statehood from territories that applied for it between 1828 and 1860?,Free public education,Land grants to farmers,Slavery,Temperance,Woman suffrage,C
+199,us_history,"At the time of the Louisiana Purchase, which country did NOT claim any land in North America?",France,Great Britain,Holland,Spain,United States,C
+200,us_history,The Reconstruction amendments affected the right to suffrage of,African-American voters ,female voters ,voters between the ages of 18 and 21 ,Native American voters ,Ku Klux Klan members,A
+201,us_history,"Which of the following authors was NOT a member of the ""Lost Generation""?",John Dos Passos ,F. Scott Fitzgerald ,Ernest Hemingway ,John Steinbeck ,Jack Kerouac,E
+202,us_history,Which of the following supports the thesis that George Washington was unique among U.S. presidents?,He was from Virginia. ,He was the universal choice for president among politicians of all parties. ,He had served with distinction in the military. ,He warned the nation against involvement in foreign wars. ,He easily might easily have been elected to a third term if he had run for reelection.,B
+204,us_history,What did the Platt Amendment of 1902 establish?,U.S. sovereignty over the Panama Canal Zone ,Panama's status as an independent nation ,General Leonard Wood as governor of Cuba ,Cuba's status as a protectorate of the United States ,Puerto Ricans' status as U.S. citizens,D
+205,us_history,What was one major purpose of the settlement-house movement of the 1880s and 1890s?,To provide day care for the young children of working parents ,To lead the fight for woman suffrage ,To organize a fight for racial integration in major cities ,To lead rent strikes against slum landlords ,To publish newspapers that revealed political graft and corruption,A
+206,us_history,Jackie Robinson's first appearance in a Brooklyn Dodgers uniform in 1947 struck an important blow for civil rights because he,won the first rookie of the year award after the 1947 season ,brought the Negro League style of play to the major leagues for the first time ,proved to thousands of fans every day that there was no legitimate reason to exclude African American players from major league baseball ,received death threats from people who believed that baseball and society should remain segregated ,was honored by having his number retired by major league baseball in 1997,C
+207,us_history,Which two painters are considered the originators of a typically American style of painting?,Diego Rivera and Grant Wood ,Andy Warhol and Thomas Nast ,Marcel Duchamp and Jackson Pollock ,Matthew Brady and Robert Henri ,Thomas Eakins and Winslow Homer,E
+208,us_history,Which of the following journalists played a key role in the disclosure of criminal activity in the Nixon administration?,Theodore H. White ,Bob Woodward ,Ida Tarbell ,Walter Winchell ,Hunter S. Thompson,B
+209,us_history,The Lewis and Clark expedition set out with all the following purposes EXCEPT:,finding a water route across North America to the Pacific Ocean ,making accurate maps of the Louisiana Territory ,establishing friendly relations with Native American tribes living in the Louisiana Territory ,identifying appropriate sites for major cities to be founded and built ,cataloging species of plants and animals as yet unknown in the United States,D
+210,us_history,"Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put up a wall to keep our people in, to keep them from leaving us. The speaker most likely made this speech during which of the following conflicts?",World War I ,World War II ,Cold War ,Korean War ,Vietnam War,C
+211,us_history,"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, belief in a nonviolent approach to achieving civil rights for African Amer icans was influenced primarily by",Buddha ,John Locke ,Mohandas Gandhi ,Plato ,Confucius,C
+212,us_history,The huge influx of European immigrants throughout the nineteenth century helped give rise to which of the following forms of entertainment in the United States?,Opera ,Baseball ,Television ,Tennis ,Horse racing,A
+213,us_history,"All the following are included in the ""Four Free doms"" President Franklin D. Roosevelt described to Congress in 1941 EXCEPT:",freedom to worship in one's own way ,freedom from fear ,freedom of speech and expression ,freedom to overthrow a tyrannical government ,freedom from want,D
+214,us_history,Which important legal principle did Chief Justice John Marshall establish in  Marbury v. Madison?,Presumption of innocence ,Right to remain silent ,Majority rule ,Judicial review ,Constitutional law,D
+215,us_history,"Which nineteenth-century author created the proto type of the strong, silent American hero of fiction and drama, who keeps his own counsel and relies only on his own judgment?",Edgar Allan Poe ,James Fenimore Cooper ,Herman Melville ,Walt Whitman ,Nathaniel Hawthorne,B
+216,us_history,"The phrase ""conspicuous consumption"" was first used to describe the upper classes during the",1890s ,1920s ,1940s ,1960s ,1980s,A
+217,us_history,In what way was the purchase of the Louisiana Territory inconsistent with Thomas Jefferson's polit ical beliefs?,He did not think it was right to take any more land from the Native Americans. ,He did not think the United States should continue expanding to the west. ,He believed the Constitution should be interpreted according to the letter. ,He believed that the French would attack the United States after the sale of the land. ,He felt it was his duty as president to take advantage of the opportunity to buy the land.,C
+218,us_history,"What was the immediate U.S. response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon?",An invasion of Afghanistan ,An invasion of Iraq ,The disbanding of the United Nations ,The introduction of a military draft ,The suspension of the current session of Congress,A
+219,us_history,Which treaty granted the United States full sovereignty over the Panama Canal Zone?,Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ,Brest-Litovsk Treaty ,Treaty of Versailles ,Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty ,Treaty of Tordesillas,D
+220,us_history,"Promontory Point, Utah, is historically significant as the site of the",realization by Lewis and Clark that there was no water route to the Pacific Ocean ,tests for the first atomic weapons created by the United States ,meeting of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads ,first permanent settlement built by the Anasazi ,colony of Mormons established by Brigham Young and his followers,C
+221,us_history,Which of the following was the primary cause of the Boston Massacre?,Passage of the Stamp Act ,Passage of the Sugar Act ,Boston Tea Party ,Revocation of the royal charter of Massachusetts ,Installation of British troops in Boston during peacetime,E
+223,us_history,The Progressive movement of the early 1900s had all the following goals EXCEPT:,creating public parks and playground in cities ,providing recent immigrants with an opportunity to learn English ,supporting legislation against urban slum landlords ,fighting for laws that would make the urban workplace safer ,preventing racial segregation in American cities,E
+224,us_history,"Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. The speaker of this quotation most likely is referring to which of the following?",The Lend-Lease Act ,The Marshall Plan ,The Schlieffen Plan ,The Embargo Act ,The War Powers Act,B
+225,us_history,"To check the executive's power to veto a bill passed by Congress, the legislative branch of the government can",impeach the president ,filibuster the veto ,petition the states ,amend the Constitution ,override the veto,E
+226,us_history,"Which of the following did Woodrow Wilson's ""Fourteen Points"" speech to Congress NOT call for?",Reduction of national armaments ,Return of Alsace-Lorraine to France ,Formation of an association of nations ,Restoration of the Russian monarchy ,Freedom of navigation in international waters,D
+227,us_history,"The survival of the fittest is simply the survival of the strong, which implies and would better be called the destruction of the weak. If nature progresses through the destruction of the weak, man progresses through the protection of the weak. The speaker of the above quotation most likely opposed",progressivism ,Social Darwinism ,Prohibition ,labor unions ,woman suffrage,B
+228,us_history,Which of the following inventions was necessary to the success of the multistory skyscraper?,Giuseppe Marconi's radio telegraph ,Thomas Edison's lightbulb ,Elisha Otis's elevator ,Henry Ford's Model-T automobile ,Alexander Graham Bell's telephone,C
+229,us_history,"Follow the money, ""Deep Throat,"" and ""expletive deleted"" are all phrases associated with the",Watergate scandal that brought about the resignation of President Nixon ,impeachment of President William Clinton ,XYZ Affair of the Adams administration ,impeachment of President Andrew Johnson ,Teapot Dome scandal of the Harding administration,A
+230,us_history,"The 1921 Four-Power Treaty stated that France, Great Britain, Japan, and the United States would",respect one another's claims to territory in the Pacific ,maintain navies of equal size ,provide aid if any of the other three nations were attacked by a foreign power ,work together to establish free trade with China ,eliminate tariffs on imports from the other three nations signing the treaty,A
+231,us_history,All the following suggest that President Theodore Roosevelt did not support the interests of large corporations EXCEPT:,He signed laws that broke up monopolies into smaller business. ,He ordered an investigation into the practices of the food-processing and food-manufacturing industry. ,He allowed U.S. Steel to absorb the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company during the panic of 1907. ,He signed laws that gave the government the authority to regulate the railroads. ,He encouraged arbitration of labor disputes.,C
+232,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Mexican-American War?,U.S. support of Texas in the 1836 Texas Revolution ,Nonpayment of the debt owed by Mexico to the United States ,Border disputes between Mexico and Texas ,U.S. desire for California ,The Mexican siege of the Alamo,E
+233,us_history,Which advantage did the Union NOT have over the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War?,Control over the majority of the nation's industry and material resources ,Location of major national railroads in Union states ,Loyalty and support of the U.S. Navy ,A larger population and thus a larger pool of available soldiers ,"Superior, more experienced military leaders",E
+234,us_history,The late nineteenth-century revolution in industry and technology affected the nature of work in U.S. society in all the following ways EXCEPT:,"Workers migrated to cities to find jobs, shifting the population. ",The growth of industry meant increasing num bers of women left the workforce and returned to domestic work. ,The long-distance communications industry was created. ,There was an increasing division between work life and home life. ,More jobs became available in the railroad industry.,B
+235,us_history,The United States declared war on Germany directly after,sinking of the  Lusitania by German U-boats ,signing of the  Sussex Pledge by Germany ,passage of the National Defense Act of 1916 ,establishment of the International Red Cross Organization ,publication of the Zimmerman Telegram in U.S. newspapers,E
+236,us_history,Northerners who opposed the Civil War showed their opposition by,joining the Confederate Army ,leaving the country for Canada and Great Britain ,flying the Confederate flag ,protesting the draft and starting antiwar riots with speeches and articles ,trying to nullify the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency,D
+237,us_history,Patrick Henry showed his support for the cause of independence primarily by,writing pamphlets ,making speeches against the British Crown ,writing the Declaration of Independence ,printing seditious newspaper articles in defiance of the colonial authorities ,organizing the Boston Tea Party,B
+238,us_history,"By the early 1930s, the U.S. film industry had made which of the following major changes?",From silent films to talking pictures ,From black-and-white to color film ,From a studio system to an independent film industry ,From filming primarily in Hollywood to filming on location all over the country ,From Cinemascope to Kinescope,A
+239,us_history,[There is] a contest between the producing classes and the money power of the country. . . . Working men are entitled to a just proportion of the proceeds of their labor. Which of these men made this state ment in 1894?,Banker J. P. Morgan ,Auto manufacturer Henry Ford ,Railroad owner George Pullman ,Labor leader Eugene V. Debs ,President Grover Cleveland,D
+240,us_history,The economy of the antebellum South was primarily dependent on,shipping and trade ,manufacturing and skilled labor ,government employment ,land and slaves ,foreign investment,D
+241,us_history,The Anasazi are the ancestors of which Native American nation?,Iroquois ,Pueblo ,Cherokee ,Seminole ,Choctaw,B
+242,us_history,The United States adopted neutrality laws in the 1930s as a response to the rise of which form of government in Europe?,Anarchy ,Autocracy ,Communism ,Monarchy ,Fascism,E
+243,us_history,"This atrocious decision furnishes final confirmation of the already well-known fact that, under the Constitution and government of the United States, the colored people are nothing and can be nothing but an alien, disenfranchised, and degraded class. The speaker of the above quotation probably was reacting to which of the following Supreme Court decisions?",Dred Scott v. Sanford ,Powell v. Alabama ,Korematsu v. United States ,Sweatt v. Painter ,Gideon v. Wainwright,A
+244,us_history,Which one of the following men did NOT succeed to the presidency when the president under whom he served was assassinated?,Theodore Roosevelt ,Franklin D. Roosevelt ,Lyndon B. Johnson ,Andrew Johnson ,Chester A. Arthur,B
+245,us_history,Which of the following American regional novelists is known for his or her stories of the Great Plains states?,Willa Cather ,Mark Twain ,Bret Harte ,Jack London ,Edith Wharton,A
+246,us_history,Brigham Young is significant in U.S. history because he,led a migration of Mormons to settle in the territory of Utah in the late 1840s ,denounced the U.S. treaty with Mexico after the Alamo ,led settlers to California in the 1830s ,denounced the Mormon practice of polygamy ,led an attack on the Ute nation in aid of non-Mormon settlers in 1857,A
+247,us_history,"Which of the following was a 1912 Olympic competi tor called at the time ""the greatest athlete in the world""?",Jim Brown ,Jesse Owens ,Bob Mathias ,Jim Thorpe ,Rafer Johnson,D
+248,us_history,The emphasis of the Great Awakening of the mid-1700s was on individual salvation by,separation of church and state ,predestination ,faith in the absolute power of God ,the nonexistence of heaven or hell ,the divinity of the English monarch,C
+249,us_history,All the following have been traditional targets of Ku Klux Klan violence EXCEPT:,African Americans ,Catholics ,Jews ,immigrants ,Lutherans,E
+250,us_history,Which new technology had the most profound effect on U.S. society in the 1980s?,The fuel-injection engine ,The SST ,The  Challenger space shuttle ,The DVD player ,The personal computer,E
+251,us_history,Which quote below is from Thomas Jefferson's first inaugural address?,"We have called by different names, brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. ",Let me assert my firm belief that we have nothing to fear but fear itself ,"Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. ","Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. ","It is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden.",A
+253,us_history,"See to it that every man has a square deal, no less and no more was Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 campaign promise to",map out square lots of free land in the Okla homa Territory ,"limit trusts, promote public health, and improve working conditions ",balance the federal budget ,grant oil companies the right to buy smaller companies ,institute a flat-rate income tax,B
+254,us_history,The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Educationmade it illegal to,have an abortion ,teach evolution in public schools ,segregate public schools by race ,pray in a public school ,recite the Pledge of Allegiance in a public school,C
+255,us_history,The usual reaction of the stock market to a political crisis is,for the Stock Exchange to close for a week ,a rise in stock prices and an increase in buying ,the stoppage of payment on government bonds ,a fall in stock prices and an increase in selling ,an increase in foreign investment,D
+256,us_history,"Beware, commies, spies, traitors, and foreign agents! Captain America, all loyal free men behind him, is looking for you. This quotation refers to a",vaudeville star ,presidential radio announcement ,newspaper column ,radio drama ,comic book superhero,E
+257,us_history,The success of which of these nineteenth-century inventions was a direct result of the growth of the railroads?,Telephone ,Automobile ,Threshing machine ,Telegraph ,Colt revolver,D
+258,us_history,A two-thirds majority in each house of Congress and a national convention called by Congress at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures are the two ways of initially,proposing an amendment to the Constitution ,recalling the president ,ratifying an amendment to the Constitution ,repealing an amendment to the Constitution ,declaring war on a foreign power,A
+259,us_history,"During the Age of Exploration, Christopher Columbus and other explorers planned their voyages by studying the charts of geographers and",mathematicians ,astronomers ,military generals ,astrologers ,alchemists,B
+260,us_history,The temperance movement began in the 1820s as an attempt to,bring about more lenient sentences for criminals ,lessen the restrictions on immigration from Ireland ,persuade Congress to be tolerant of Native American religious practices ,bring reform to insane asylums and prisons ,persuade people to limit their consumption of alcohol,E
+261,us_history,Which of the following was NOT created or passed under the New Deal?,Works Progress Administration ,Social Security Act ,Civil Rights Act ,Securities and Exchange Commission ,Civilian Conservation Corps,C
+262,us_history,In which state did no Civil War battles take place?,New York ,Pennsylvania ,Maryland ,Virginia ,South Carolina,A
+263,us_history,"All the following statements about the mill workers of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1840s are true EXCEPT:",They were strictly supervised at all times. ,They worked more than 70 hours in a normal week. ,Most of them came from wealthy families. ,They wrote and published their own magazine. ,Nearly all of them were female.,C
+264,us_history,All the following foreign travelers to the United States wrote famous books on their observations of American society EXCEPT:,Alexis de Tocqueville ,Frances Trollope ,Fanny Kemble ,Charles Dickens ,Oscar Wilde,E
+265,us_history,"During the Kennedy administration, the United States was involved in armed hostilities with all the following countries EXCEPT:",the Congo ,Laos ,Vietnam ,Cuba ,North Korea,E
+266,us_history,"The cry ""Remember the Maine!"" is associated with the",Mexican War ,Civil War ,Spanish-American War ,First World War ,Cuban Missile Crisis,C
+267,us_history,How did the colonists react to the passage of the Tea Act of 1773?,They tarred and feathered the stamp inspectors. ,They drank only tea that had been smuggled in from Holland. ,They called for the revocation of the royal charter of Massachusetts. ,They began cultivating coffee since they could no longer drink tea. ,They called for delegates from all the colonies to meet in Philadelphia.,B
+268,us_history,Why did the Pony Express last for only 18 months?,Too many of the riders and horses died from exhaustion and abuse. ,The mail the riders carried was too valuable to be put at constant risk of attack from robbers. ,The completion of the transcontinental tele graph system made the Pony Express obsolete. ,The mail service became too expensive for the owners to continue with it. ,The Civil War put an end to all mail service in the United States.,C
+269,us_history,What was the purpose of the colonial committees of correspondence?,To keep the public informed of British violations of colonial rights ,To maintain a mail-delivery service among the 13 colonies ,To write letters to Parliament protesting the unpopular measures it passed ,To circulate anonymous letters accusing specific British officials of crimes ,To convene a national convention of delegates to discuss colonial independence from Britain,A
+270,us_history,The impact of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 was,a reduction of the tariff on imports from Germany that caused public outrage ,a lower duty on Canadian goods that caused hard times in the Great Lakes states ,high tariffs that contributed to a global economic downturn in the 1930s ,an export tax on tobacco ,higher salaries for senators,C
+271,us_history,The Star-Spangled Banner was composed during the War of 1812 and celebrates the survival of,Fort Ticonderoga in New York ,Fort Duquesne in western Pennsylvania ,Fort McHenry in Maryland ,Fort Sumter in South Carolina ,Fort Vincennes in Ohio,C
+272,us_history,"The term ""dogfights"" refers to what kind of fighting in what war?",Hand-to-hand combat in Korea ,Naval skirmishes in the War of 1812 ,Canine corps actions by Germany and the United States in World War II ,Jungle battles in the Spanish-American War ,Aerial combat in World War I,E
+273,us_history,Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President in 1952 on his promises to,"boost the economy, reform government, and end the Korean War ",bring peace to Europe and end the Great Depression ,establish a United Nations and abolish the income tax ,stop the growth of labor unions and attack communist Cuba ,implement the Great Society and sign an alliance with the Soviet Union,A
+274,us_history,President Jimmy Carter created the Department of Energy in 1977 primarily in response to the,depletion of U.S. coal resources ,growth of kerosene as a heat source ,surplus of electrical power ,popularity of nuclear power plants ,skyrocketing price of foreign oil,E
+275,us_history,All the following were activists for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment EXCEPT:,Harriet Stanton Blatch ,Harriet Beecher Stowe ,Susan B. Anthony ,Carrie Chapman Catt ,Alice Paul,B
+276,us_history,"The American colonists dubbed all the following meas ures of Parliament the ""Intolerable Acts"" EXCEPT:",the Administration of Justice Act ,the Boston Port Act ,the Massachusetts Government Act ,the Quartering Act ,the Stamp Act,E
+277,us_history,All the following are Mesoamerican cultures EXCEPT:,the Aztec ,the Olmec ,the Maya ,the Toltec ,the Sioux,E
+278,us_history,The Monroe Doctrine states that the United States will,not allow any European power to colonize U.S. territory ,view any attempt to colonize Latin America as hostile toward the United States ,encourage Latin American colonies to rebel against their European mother countries ,actively support Latin American revolutions and wars for independence ,support European powers that want to colonize Latin America,B
+279,us_history,What caused the United States to agree to sign the Atlantic Charter with Great Britain in 1940?,Germany's conquest of Belgium and France ,Germany's invasion of Austria ,Hitler's rise to power in Germany ,Mussolini's rise to power in Italy ,Switzerland's declaration of neutrality,A
+280,us_history,Which source would give a historian the most accurate information about race relations in the Mississippi Valley in the years after the Civil War?,A copy of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain ,The song lyrics of Stephen Foster ,The diary of the governor of Arkansas during that period ,Tax rolls of the region ,Records of local and state laws of the region,E
+281,us_history,Which of the following was an important cultural symbol of the 1920s?,Bathtub gin ,Bread lines ,Rosie the Riveter ,Bomb shelters ,Poodle skirts,A
+284,us_history,What does the rise in U.S. manufacturing during the War of 1812 suggest about that war's effect on the U.S. economy?,The economy prospered as people in the United States became less dependent on imports. ,The economy plummeted as trade levels fell to record lows. ,The economy began shifting from agriculture to manufacturing. ,The economy became dependent on the health of the national bank and the stock market. ,The economy suffered from a rise in imports and a lack of markets for exports.,A
+285,us_history,"Which colony wrote the 1776 resolution stating that ""these united colonies, are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states""?",Massachusetts ,Pennsylvania ,Rhode Island ,New York ,Virginia,E
+286,us_history,The Proclamation of 1763 required which of the following?,That fur traders obtain permission before settling in the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains ,That no Native Americans be permitted to settle along the colonial frontier ,That Britain give up control of all the land between the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi River ,That France give up Haiti to Britain ,That Spain give up its North American colonies to Britain,A
+287,us_history,Why did the Iroquois decide to throw their support behind Britain near the end of the French and Indian War?,The British had treated the Iroquois better than the French had treated them. ,The Iroquois felt some personal loyalty to the British. ,"The Iroquois accurately predicted that the British would win the war, and they did not want to side with the losers. ",The Iroquois had planned all along to betray the French at a strategic moment. ,The Iroquois were determined to drive the French out of Canada.,C
+288,us_history,Which region of the country did NOT vote heavily for Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1860?,Southeast ,Great Lakes ,Northeast ,Pacific Coast ,Mid-Atlantic,A
+289,us_history,"At the time of the Louisiana Purchase, all the following countries claimed territory in North America EXCEPT:",France ,Great Britain ,Holland ,Spain ,United States,C
+290,us_history,"The civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., advo cated and practiced nonviolent protests in the manner of",David Duke ,Mahatma Gandhi ,Golda Meir ,Toussaint L'Ouverture ,David Ben-Gurion,B
+291,us_history,American colonists opposed the Tea Act for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,the high price of tea from the East India Com pany compared to other tea available in America ,the tax added to the price of the East India tea ,the advantage the Tea Act gave to British merchants over colonial ones ,the fact that they had never voted on the Tea Act ,"the belief that if they accepted the East India tea, Parliament would begin taxing other products",A
+293,us_history,The Missouri Compromise proposed that,the United States remain evenly balanced between slaveholding states and free states ,slavery would be allowed only in territories and states south of the northern border of Missouri ,"the slave trade would end permanently, but slaveholding states would not have to change their status ","all slaves would be emancipated, but would continue working on plantations for wages ",plantation owners could keep their slaves but would sign legal agreements to treat them humanely,A
+294,us_history,". . . if I had thought of it at all I would have thought of it as a thing that merely happened,the end of some inevitable chain. It never occurred to me that one man could start to play with the faith of fifty million people-with the single-mindedness of a burglar blowing a safe. Author F. Scott Fitzgerald was referring to the",outbreak of the Civil War ,bombing of Pearl Harbor ,break-in at the Democratic national headquar ters in the Watergate buildings ,assassination of President John F. Kennedy ,fixing of the 1919 World Series,E
+295,us_history,The Northwest Territory included which present-day states?,Oregon and Washington ,"Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, and New Mexico ","Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio ","Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota ","Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont",C
+296,us_history,The  Federalist Papers were written to persuade people to support the ratification of the,Constitution ,Declaration of Independence ,Bill of Rights ,Treaty of Paris ,Northwest Ordinance,A
+297,us_history,I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still work ing and shaping the policy of the State Department. This statement began a brief period in U.S. history that became known for,reform ,Reconstruction ,McCarthyism ,Watergate ,Reaganomics,C
+298,us_history,Which major legal precedent was established in the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison?,An accused person would be presumed innocent until proved guilty. ,The United Sates would fight in the defense of any Latin American nation being attacked or invaded by an outside power. ,A president would not be allowed to declare war on a foreign nation without the consent of Congress. ,The Supreme Court would have the right to decide whether a law was constitutional and to strike it down if it was not. ,Any person accused of a crime would have the right to refuse to testify in court.,D
+299,us_history,"Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul are all famous for leading the fight for",temperance ,Prohibition ,woman suffrage ,civil rights ,education reform,C
+300,us_history,"The ""Hollywood Ten"" were",scriptwriters who were blacklisted in Holly wood for refusing to answer questions posed by the House Un-American Activities Committee ,California beatniks who refused to obey laws against selling and smoking marijuana ,actors and actresses who appeared in propaganda films during World War II ,movie-studio owners who conspired to run their industry on a system of indentured servitude of the performers ,movie-studio technicians who led a famous labor strike that resulted in better wages and working hours across the film industry,A
+301,us_history,"Because they investigated the seamy underside of U.S. business and society, some journalists of the first decade of the twentieth century were known as",muckrakers ,mugwumps ,communists ,socialists ,carpetbaggers,A
+302,us_history,Which U.S. president ordered two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945?,Franklin D. Roosevelt ,Harry S. Truman ,Dwight D. Eisenhower ,John F. Kennedy ,Lyndon B. Johnson,B
+303,us_history,What did President Richard Nixon do to bring about the Saturday Night Massacre?,Ordered a break-in at the Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate buildings ,Ordered the attorney general to fire the special prosecutor who was investigating the administration ,Demanded that  Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee fire reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward ,Refused to surrender taped Oval Office conversations to the Senate committee holding hearings on Watergate ,Appointed Gerald R. Ford vice president of the United States,B
+304,us_history,"The stock market crash of October 29, 1929, had all the following effects EXCEPT:",Shareholders were forced to sell their stocks at huge losses. ,Businesses failed when banks called in loans they could not repay immediately. ,Brokers demanded immediate payment of money owed to them for stocks purchased on margin. ,"Borrowers began defaulting on their loan payments to banks, triggering widespread bank failures. ",More and more people began buying on credit because there was a shortage of cash.,E
+305,us_history,"When President Andrew Jackson stated that he wanted to expel all Native Americans from the United States because he was concerned for their safety, all the following facts suggest that he was not sincere EXCEPT:",The Southeastern tribes owned some of the best cotton-growing land in the region. ,"As a general, Jackson had led an illegal war against the Seminole tribes in Florida and profited financially and politically from the resulting peace treaty. ",Jackson had a long reputation as an Indian fighter dating back to his defeat of the Creek in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814. ,In 1814 General Jackson had forced Creek tribes to sell lands to him and his friends for much less than it was worth. ,The Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast had developed societies similar to the European ones that had invaded and conquered their lands.,E
+306,us_history,All the following factors combined to cause the high death rate in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire EXCEPT:,"The business occupied the upper three floors of the building, well above ground level. ",The fire doors were locked from the outside. ,The only fire escape gave way beneath the weight of the escaping workers. ,The only owners did not enact any of the safety regulations the workers' union had requested repeatedly. ,A large strike by women's shirtwaist makers in 1909 began at the Triangle Company.,E
+307,us_history,Which president's domestic and foreign policy pro grams were collectively known as the New Frontier?,John F. Kennedy ,Lyndon Johnson ,Gerald R. Ford ,Jimmy Carter ,Bill Clinton,A
+308,us_history,All the following were important figures in the civil rights movement of the 1960s EXCEPT:,Jesse Jackson ,"Martin Luther King, Jr. ",Fannie Lou Hamer ,Medgar Evers ,Jim Crow,E
+309,us_history,In which present-day state did the Union Pacific meet the Central Pacific to complete the first trans continental railroad?,Kansas ,Nebraska ,Missouri ,Colorado ,Utah,E
+310,us_history,Industrialization developed slowly in the South for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,"Most Southerners preferred to invest in land and slaves, not factories. ",There was no way to transport cotton upstream to the Northern textile mills. ,Planters did not want to pay taxes that might have promoted manufacturing. ,Immigrants who might have staffed factories did not travel to the South because the region relied on slave labor. ,The majority of the Southern population had little or no money to spend on manufactured goods.,B
+311,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a factor in ending the cattle boom of the late 1800s?,"The supply of cattle became too great for the demand, bringing prices down. ",The use of barbed wire to fence off land led to range wars among ranchers. ,Severe weather conditions in the period 1885-1887 killed hundreds of cattle. ,The U.S. government set aside some of the best grazing land for displaced Native American tribes. ,"Once the open range was fenced off, ranchers had to buy land, and that ate up their profits.",D
+312,us_history,All the following facts support the thesis that the Puritan society in New England was a theocracy EXCEPT:,Only men were allowed to be ministers. ,Only church members were eligible for political office. ,Only church members could vote on political issues. ,Religious dissenters were banished from the colony. ,Moral offenses were considered civil crimes and punished as such.,A
+313,us_history,Upwards of 100 gallons of spirits were poured not down people's throats but on the sand and I believe there is now none in the place. This statement most likely describes the actions of a,political boss ,temperance advocate ,yellow journalist ,suffragist ,war protester,B
+314,us_history,"The ""gag rule"" of 1837 prevented which issue from being discussed or debated in the House of Representatives?",Abolition ,Secession ,Reform ,Censorship ,Taxation,A
+315,us_history,All the following facts about the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 inspired many Northerners to take an active role in the fight against slavery EXCEPT,Slaves would carry their slave status with them even when escaping to a free state. ,Thousands of African Americans crossed the border into Canada to avoid being pursued by slave owners. ,Northerners resented being forced to obey the Dred Scott decision without getting something in return. ,Court commissioners would receive more money when they decided a dispute in the slave owner's favor. ,No African American accused of being an escaped slave was permitted to testify in his or her own defense.,C
+316,us_history,The Five Civilized Tribes forcibly ejected from the Southeast under the Indian Removal Act included all the following EXCEPT:,Choctaw ,Creek ,Seminole ,Cherokee ,Osage,E
+317,us_history,Malcolm X championed African-American sepa ratism and the use of violence in self-defense in a movement known as,pan-Africanism ,black nationalism ,civil rights ,black pantheism ,back to Africa,B
+318,us_history,What was the main purpose of the naval blockade of the South during the Civil War?,To capture the capital city of the Confederacy ,To force Jefferson Davis to emancipate all Southern slaves ,To prevent shiploads of imported goods and supplies from reaching the people of the South ,To prevent the Confederate Army from using the Mississippi River to travel north ,To take control of the railroad system,C
+319,us_history,The Haymarket Riot of 1886 had all the following effects EXCEPT:,"Eight anarchists were arrested for conspiracy, and four of them were hanged. ",Activism among workers decreased. ,Employers blacklisted people with reputations for organizing their fellow workers. ,Skilled and unskilled workers broke apart into two groups. ,Union membership immediately skyrocketed in protest.,E
+320,us_history,All the following are classic novels of U.S. partici pation in war EXCEPT:,One of Ours by Willa Cather ,The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane ,Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut ,A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway ,Hiroshimaby John Hersey,E
+321,us_history,"After being hunted like a dog through swamps, woods . . . till I was forced to return wet, cold, and starving, with every man's hand against me, I am here in despair. And why? For doing what Brutus was honored for.... This diary entry most likely was written by which of the following?",John Wilkes Booth ,Nathan Hale ,Benedict Arnold ,Robert E. Lee ,Frederick Douglass,A
+322,us_history,President John F. Kennedy did all the following to oppose the spread of communism in the world EXCEPT:,establish the Peace Corps ,establish the Alliance for Progress ,continue the buildup of nuclear arms begun under Eisenhower ,work with the cabinet on a plan to invade the Soviet Union ,create the Green Berets,D
+323,us_history,Which advantage did the Confederacy have over the Union at the beginning of the Civil War?,Control over the majority of U.S. industry and material resources ,A larger population and thus larger pool of available soldiers ,The location of major national railroads in Confederate states ,"Assurance of support, supplies, and troops from France and Great Britain ","Superior, more experienced military leaders",E
+324,us_history,The Freedmen's Bureau accomplished all the following EXCEPT:,Founded African-American schools through out the South ,Supervised polling places so that African Americans were ensured of the right to vote ,Helped establish African-American colleges ,Settled contract disputes between planters and African-American wage laborers ,"Provided food, clothing, and medical care to Southerners made destitute by the Civil War",B
+325,us_history,All the following happened as a direct result of the Boston Massacre EXCEPT:,Samuel Adams demanded that all British troops immediately leave Boston. ,John Adams agreed to defend the British soldiers arrested after the riot. ,Paul Revere distributed an engraving of the riot that was circulated throughout the colonies. ,Thomas Hutchinson disbanded the Massachusetts legislature. ,John Hancock commissioned a portrait of Samuel Adams that was used for propaganda purposes.,D
+326,us_history,"It had been, to say the least, an interesting and chal lenging situation. The two most powerful nations of the world had squared off against each other, each with its finger on the button. The speaker of the above quotation probably is referring to which of the following?",The Battle of Gettysburg ,The Gulf of Tonkin affair ,The Cuban missile crisis ,The Congress of Versailles ,The fall of Saigon,C
+327,us_history,A historian researching the immediate effects of the Intolerable Acts on the American colonies probably would find the most accurate information in a diary written by which of the following?,Patrick Henry ,Benjamin Franklin ,Abigail Adams ,John Paul Jones ,John Dickinson,C
+328,us_history,Which of the following major U.S. enterprises enjoyed an exemption from antitrust legislation?,Standard Oil of Ohio ,Bethlehem Steel ,Microsoft ,Major league baseball ,Pennsylvania Railroad,D
+329,us_history,Which of the following led Congress to reduce immigration quotas in 1921 and again in 1924?,Racism ,Nationalism ,Nativism ,Communism ,Fascism,D
+330,us_history,"This man, although he many not actually have com mitted the crime attributed to him, is nevertheless morally culpable, because he is an enemy of our existing institutions. Which of the following was sent to his death by the judge who spoke these words at his trial?",Julius Rosenberg ,Bartolomeo Vanzetti ,Charles Guiteau ,Edward Slovik ,Lee Harvey Oswald,B
+331,us_history,Which is the correct chronological sequence of these three Revolutionary War battles?,"Brandywine, Brooklyn, Trenton ","Brooklyn, Trenton, Brandywine ","Trenton, Brandywine, Brooklyn ","Brandywine, Trenton, Brooklyn ","Brooklyn, Brandywine, Trenton",B
+333,us_history,All the following reforms were enacted during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson EXCEPT:,the Clayton Antitrust Act ,the Federal Reserve Act ,the Nineteenth Amendment giving women the right to vote ,"the Twentieth Amendment shortening the ""lame duck"" period ",the Keating-Owens Child Labor Act,D
+334,us_history,By what name were the Intolerable Acts of 1774 known in Great Britain?,Townshend Acts ,Stamp Acts ,Coercive Acts ,Boston Port Acts ,Retaliatory Acts,C
+335,us_history,All the following were aspects of the Union's military strategy to win the Civil War EXCEPT:,preventing the Confederacy from using the Mississippi River to travel north or receive supplies in trade ,"capturing the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia ",blockading Southern ports to prevent exporta tion and importation of goods ,controlling the railroad system ,establishing a military alliance with Great Britain and France,E
+336,us_history,Which would be the best source material for a histo rian who wanted to write a biography of John Quincy Adams?,"Adams's personal papers, such as diaries and correspondence ",Acts of Congress passed during Adams's years in the White House and Senate ,Newspaper articles written about Adams during his lifetime ,Other historians' biographies of Adams ,The script of a television miniseries about several generations of the Adams family,A
+337,us_history,Millions of people whose parents or grandparents had never dreamed of going to college saw that they could go....  Essentially I think it made us a far more democratic people. To which of the following does the above quotation refer?,The GI Bill of Rights ,The desegregation of the public schools ,The Fair Employment Practices Committee ,The National Defense Education Act ,The Internal Security Act,A
+338,us_history,Why did neither John Adams nor Thomas Jefferson take part in the Constitutional Convention of 1787?,Neither was willing to approve of a design for government that had no bill of rights. ,Both had died by the time the Convention was called. ,Both were representing the United States on diplomatic missions in Europe. ,"Both stayed away to protest the excision from the Declaration of Independence of the passage criticizing slavery as a ""cruel war against human nature."" ",Neither was nominated to attend the Convention by the people of his state.,C
+339,us_history,Who was the first African-American to publish a book?,Phillis Wheatley ,Olaudah Equiano ,Frederick Douglass ,Crispus Attucks ,Venture Smith,A
+340,us_history,Which of the following wrote a multivolume auto biography describing the pioneer experience in the Midwest in the 1870s and 1880s?,Maya Angelou ,Laura Ingalls Wilder ,Willa Cather ,Joseph Conrad ,Stephen Crane,B
+342,us_history,The 1870s and 1880s saw a flood of European immi gration to the American West for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,work for wages building the railroads ,escape from enforced military service at home ,the chance to own land given away by the government ,the search for economic opportunity ,the ease of getting rich quickly without effort,E
+343,us_history,During the Revolutionary War the U.S. Army had help from allies from all the following nations EXCEPT:,France ,Poland ,Germany ,Spain ,Italy,E
+344,us_history,"The thin disguise of 'equal' accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor atone for the wrong this day done. Justice John Harlan wrote the dissenting opinion quoted above at the conclusion of which Supreme Court case?",Dred Scott v. Sanford ,Plessy v. Ferguson ,Powell v. Alabama ,Sweatt v. Painter ,Brown v. Board of Education,B
+345,us_history,Which of the following is NOT a nonfiction book of the 1950s warning people in the United States to pay attention to pressing issues confronting postwar society?,The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith ,The Lonely Crowd by David Riesman ,The Organization Manby William Whyte ,White Collarby C. Wright Mills ,How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying by Frank Loesser,E
+346,us_history,What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution state?,The United States would take military action in response to a supposed Vietnamese attack on a U.S. destroyer. ,Vietnam would be divided politically along the 17th parallel. ,The United States would play an active role in an attempt to overthrow the government of Ngo Dinh Diem. ,The Selective Service would begin drafting men in the United States to fight in Vietnam. ,The U.S. Army would launch a bombing cam paign against military targets in North Vietnam.,A
+347,us_history,"Stop them pictures. I don't care so much what the papers write about me. My constituents can't read. But they can see pictures. Which of the following was William Marcy ""Boss"" Tweed complaining about in this statement?",Motion pictures ,Newspaper photographs ,Political cartoons ,Graffiti in public places ,Billboard advertisements,C
+348,us_history,All the following were key Southern victories in the Civil War EXCEPT the Battle of,Chickamauga ,Chancellorsville ,Fredericksburg ,Manassas ,Antietam,E
+350,us_history,Which constitutional amendment represented the ultimate goal of the temperance movement?,"Sixteenth, creating the income tax ","Seventeenth, permitting direct popular election of senators ","Eighteenth, banning the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages ","Nineteenth, granting women the right to vote ","Twentieth, changing the first date of a new president's term and setting rules for succession to the presidency",C
+351,us_history,"In which Supreme Court case did the Court rule against the plaintiff on the grounds that African Americans were ""beings of an inferior order"" who did not qualify as U.S. citizens?",Brown v. Board of Education ,Shaw v. Reno ,Dred Scott v. Sanford ,Wisconsin v. Mitchell ,Marbury v. Madison,C
+352,us_history,A government program introduced under President John F. Kennedy that sends U.S. volunteers to work in developing countries for two years is called,Vista ,the Peace Corps ,Affirmative Action ,the Foreign Service ,National Service,B
+353,us_history,Which of the following territories was NOT part of Spain's colonial explorations in the 1500s?,California ,Arizona ,Texas ,Florida ,Delaware,E
+354,us_history,The Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution is unique among the amendments because it,repeals another amendment ,was passed when Congress was in recess ,deals with the banking system ,was voted on by women ,deals with foreign policy,A
+355,us_history,The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom of 1779 stated that,government control over religious beliefs or worship was tyrannical ,the Episcopal Church was the state church of Virginia ,Protestants were free to pray at public governmental functions ,British subjects could worship with Americans ,Christians were finally free to express their religious beliefs in public,A
+356,us_history,Matthew Brady is known for,being a losing presidential candidate in 1896 ,leading the abolitionist movement in Ohio ,"quoting in a sermon to his congregation, ""Go West, young man!"" ",writing dime novels about gunfighters ,photographing the dead lying on Civil War battlefields,E
+357,us_history,"Which of the following measures taken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration brought aid to a rural area plagued by flooding, malnutrition, and poverty?",National Recovery Act ,Works Progress Administration ,Tennessee Valley Authority ,Public Works Administration ,Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,C
+358,us_history,The Treaty of Ghent was signed in which country?,Belgium ,Scotland ,Prussia ,Austria ,United States,A
+359,us_history,The House Un-American Activities Committee inves tigated which of the following during the 1950s?,Feminist groups ,Asian Americans ,The Ku Klux Klan ,Suspected communists ,Beatniks,D
+360,us_history,The Constitutional Convention of 1787 met with the goal of strengthening and improving the,Declaration of Independence ,Federalist Papers ,Articles of Confederation ,Virginia Plan ,Albany Plan of Union,C
+361,us_history,The Spanish-American War was fought in,Spain and Portugal ,Mexico and Texas ,Venezuela and Hawaii ,California and Mexico ,the Philippines and Cuba,E
+362,us_history,Third-party presidential candidate Ross Perot entered the 1992 presidential race as,a former governor of Texas ,the leader of the Consumer Party in the United States ,the president of Southern Methodist University ,a billionaire businessman from Texas ,a radio talk-show host from St. Louis,D
+363,us_history,Which of the following represents an attempt by the Hoover administration to combat the effects of the Great Depression?,The McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill ,The coining of silver ,The lowering of interest rates ,The encouragement of margin buying on Wall Street ,The public-works construction of the Boulder Dam,E
+364,us_history,"President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a member of a American family that was prominent in the field of",firearms ,cotton production ,politics ,rum trade ,theater,E
+365,us_history,George Washington chose Christmas night to cross the icy Delaware River and capture Trenton because,he surmised that the Hessians guarding Trenton would not be prepared for an attack on Christmas morning ,it was the only night his staff officers would agree to attack ,the period for which his troops had enlisted would be over the next morning ,his wife had a dream that he would win a battle before the end of the year ,he was not religious and did not observe Christmas,A
+366,us_history,"Early explorers such as Columbus, Verrazano, and John Cabot hailed from Italy but sailed under the sponsorship of another European nation. Which of the following best explains this inconsistency?",The explorers were wanted for piracy in Italy. ,The Italian city-states were the poorest in Europe and could not afford to outfit ships. ,The Italian city-states had no interest in estab lishing colonies in the New World. ,The explorers refused to ask for or accept Italian sponsorship on religious grounds. ,All European powers cooperated in exploration of the New World.,C
+367,us_history,The change in U.S. society in the period between 1820 and 1844 is best explained by which of the following statements?,The United States changed from a society of peasants to an aristocracy. ,"Control of business and government by the well-born gave way to a society based on the economic success of ""self-made"" men. ",The new social structure was based less on banking and more on Southern plantation life. ,New England's shipping commerce became secondary in the economy to Southern cotton farming. ,Jackson's policies stalled westward expansion of the United States.,B
+368,us_history,"In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck describes the fortunes of a family forced out of Oklahoma by the ravages of the",New Deal ,War Department ,Great Society ,Dust Bowl ,Potato famine,D
+369,us_history,"Hawks and ""doves"" were nicknames given to those who supported and opposed which war?",Persian Gulf War ,Vietnam War ,War of 1812 ,World War I ,Spanish-American War,B
+370,us_history,"The  Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discoverywere","space capsules during the ""space race"" with the Soviet Union ",ships that brought the English settlers to Jamestown ,ships that sailed across the Atlantic with the Mayflower ,steamboats that first piloted up and down the Mississippi River ,covered wagons that carried the first pioneers west of St. Louis,B
+371,us_history,"Which of the following permitted ""any citizen or intended citizen to select any surveyed land up to 160 acres and to gain title to it after five years' resi dence"" if that person cultivated the land?",Agricultural Advancement Administration ,Lecompton Constitution ,Rush-Bagot Agreement ,Eighteenth Amendment ,Homestead Act,E
+372,us_history,"The term ""political machine"" refers to",the use of balloting machines in elections ,the administration of William McKinley ,a well-organized political party that domi nated a city government ,the establishment of policy centers at universities ,the automation of offices in the federal bureaucracy,C
+373,us_history,The Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Constitution which deals with Congressional pay raises was ratified in,1892,1865,1920,1956,1992,E
+374,us_history,Which of the following explains the central role of the Catholic Church in Spanish exploration?,King Phillip II's  Royal Orders for New Discoveries commanded the conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism. ,The Pope would not bless ships crossing the Atlantic unless they took Catholic missionaries. ,Native Americans made the establishment of mission schools a condition of peaceful relations with the Europeans. ,Spain competed with France for territory in the New World. ,The Papal Line of Demarcation gave Spain the right to establish mission schools in the Southwest.,A
+375,us_history,"In 1916, which government organization was established to supervise government-owned nature preserves and monuments?",City Beautiful movement ,Beautify America ,National Park Service ,Works Progress Administration ,National Guard,C
+376,us_history,A large African-American neighborhood in New York City gave its name to an artistic development of the 1920s known as the,Haight-Ashbury Era ,Battle of Brooklyn ,Harlem Renaissance ,Manhattan Project ,Bronx cheer,C
+377,us_history,"You knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is a certainty that it will go over very quickly. This statement by Dwight D. Eisenhower became known as the",Red Scare ,domino theory ,fallout theory ,fail-safe theory ,Dr. Strangelove theory,B
+378,us_history,It possesses treasures . . . equal to those of any region of the continent. William Seward made this statement to describe which piece of land that he had purchased from which country?,Louisiana from France ,Florida from Spain ,California from Mexico ,Nevada from Canada ,Alaska from Russia,E
+379,us_history,Which of the following was NOT one of the four major labor strikes of 1919?,Seattle General strike ,Pullman strike ,Boston Police strike ,Pennsylvania Steel strike ,United Mine Workers strike,B
+380,us_history,All the following authors wrote about the history and experiences of African-American women EXCEPT:,Toni Morrison ,Alice Walker ,Maya Angelou ,Jamaica Kincaid ,Nella Larsen,D
+381,us_history,The conference held between the U.S. government and the Plains tribes of Native Americans in 1851 resulted in which of the following?,The tribes agreed not to migrate freely throughout the Plains anymore. ,The United States banished the tribes to present-day Oklahoma. ,The United States agreed to end westward migration through Native American territory. ,The U.S. government outlawed the killing of buffalo. ,The tribes accepted an offer of full U.S. citizenship in exchange for giving up their traditional hunting culture.,A
+382,us_history,"It has been done for the sake of political power, in order to bring two new slaveholding senators upon this floor. The senator who made the above statement was referring to the passage of the",Fugitive Slave Act ,Kansas-Nebraska Act ,Dred Scott decision ,Reconstruction Acts ,Thirteenth Amendment,B
+383,us_history,Which of the following philosophers had the strongest influence on the framers' decision that the Constitution would require a government with three branches and a balance of power among them?,Locke ,Montesquieu ,Voltaire ,Franklin ,Hobbes,B
+384,us_history,The Supreme Court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford stated all the following EXCEPT:,A slave could not gain his or her freedom by moving to a free state or territory. ,"Slaves had the legal status of property, not people. ",The Founding Fathers had never intended for Africans to become U.S. citizens. ,The Missouri Compromise violated the Fifth Amendment. ,Only individual states could decide whether a slave could become a citizen.,E
+385,us_history,"The scriptwriters known as the ""Hollywood Ten"" were blacklisted by the movie industry because they",failed to win awards for their studio producers ,made public speeches urging people to vote for third-party presidential candidates ,accused several people in the movie industry of being Communist Party members ,refused to answer questions asked by the House Un-American Activities Committee ,tried to organize a screenwriters' union in Hollywood,D
+386,us_history,The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire resulted in all the following EXCEPT:,The New York legislature enacted a stricter fire code. ,A labor reform commission was created. ,New workplace safety regulations were passed. ,The U.S. congress passed the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act. ,About 150 workers were burned or crushed to death.,D
+387,us_history,Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco were con victed of the crime of,murder ,treason ,grand theft ,anarchy ,draft dodging,A
+388,us_history,The GI Bill of Rights altered U.S. society by,admitting women to the U.S. military and naval academies ,making it possible for millions of veterans to attend college ,integrating the armed forces ,guaranteeing civilian employment to all veterans ,creating the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs,B
+389,us_history,All the following are classic American autobiogra phies EXCEPT:,The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass ,I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou ,Little Town on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder ,The Story of My Lifeby Helen Keller ,The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane,E
+390,us_history,The cattle boom of the late 1800s ended abruptly in part because of the,severe winter weather of the 1880s ,rise in prices as supply grew far beyond demand ,cooperative agreements among ranchers to allow free access across the plains to all herds ,trend toward larger ranches ,expansion of sheep ranching,A
+392,us_history,Which of the following rights did the Emancipation Proclamation confer on which group of people?,It freed all Confederate prisoners of war on condition that they not rejoin their army. ,It freed all slaves in the United States. ,It freed all slaves in the states in open rebellion. ,It gave all slaves the right to vote. ,It gave all Confederate citizens the right to move north and settle in Union states without suffering any penalty.,C
+393,us_history,Prohibition had all the following effects EXCEPT:,People formed organizations to lobby for its repeal. ,Organized crime and violence escalated. ,"The terms ""speakeasy"" and ""bathtub gin"" were added to the language. ","People in the United States stopped buying, selling, and drinking alcoholic beverages. ",The FBI established a department of operatives who investigated only Prohibition-related crimes.,D
+394,us_history,Which of the following is the best example of the importance of a free press in a republic?,The disclosure of high crimes committed by members of the Nixon administration ,The television broadcasts of the destruction of the World Trade Center ,"The ""fireside chats"" given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt over the radio ",The publication in the next day's newspapers of important presidential speeches ,The coverage of the legal battle over Terry Schiavo's right to die,A
+395,us_history,Cuba and the Philippines were the primary battle grounds in which of the following wars?,Mexican-American War ,War of 1812 ,World War I ,Spanish-American War ,World War II,D
+396,us_history,"Which of the following political parties passed a ""gag rule"" in 1837 that banned any discussion of abolition in Congress?",Whig Party ,Democratic Party ,Federalist Party ,Free-Soil Party ,Republican Party,B
+397,us_history,The Antifederalists were unwilling to approve the Constitution primarily because,it did not include a Bill of Rights ,it did not give the central government enough authority over the states ,it made no provision for a judicial branch of government ,"it referred to the chief executive of the nation as the ""president of the United States"" ",it was largely the work of Southern delegates,A
+398,us_history,The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 had all the following effects EXCEPT:,increase in westward migration ,growth in the number of Western towns and cities ,rise in the national employment rate ,growth in the steel industry ,rise in automobile ownership and production,E
+399,us_history,"Newspaper illustrator-""Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return."" Editor-""Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."" The above exchange of telegrams most likely refers to",the Mexican-American War ,the First Seminole War ,the French and Indian War ,the Spanish-American War ,the Civil War,D
+400,us_history,"Before the United States gained sovereignty over the Panama Canal, it had been the project of",a French company led by Ferdinand de Lesseps ,a Spaniard named Vasco da Gama ,a collective South American venture led by Simon Bolivar ,the Dutch West India Company ,the British Empire,A
+401,us_history,Puritan authorities banished Roger Williams from the Massachusetts Bay Colony primarily because he,believed in independence from the British king ,taught his congregation to sing and dance ,believed in strict separation of church and state ,wanted to be the leader of the Puritans ,preached against peace with the Native Americans,C
+402,us_history,Which of the following Founding Fathers was never elected president of the United States?,Thomas Jefferson ,James Madison ,John Adams ,Elbridge Gerry ,James Monroe,D
+403,us_history,Confederate leaders hoped for a military alliance with Great Britain and France primarily because,European nations did not disapprove of slavery ,Britain and France bought the bulk of the Southern cotton crop ,the Confederate industrial base was much smaller than the Union's ,the federal navy had remained loyal to the Union government ,the Civil War was fought largely in Confederate territory,C
+404,us_history,Which of the following women was an outspoken critic of the Equal Rights Amendment?,Bella Abzug ,Phyllis Schlafly ,Shirley Chisholm ,Betty Friedan ,Jane Fonda,B
+405,us_history,The Comstock Lode was discovered in 1857 in which of the following present-day states?,Alaska ,Texas ,New Mexico ,Nevada ,California,D
+406,us_history,Rosie the Riveter became famous in the 1940s as which of the following?,A singing star on the radio ,An antiwar film heroine ,A weekly comic radio program ,A symbol of the importance of female workers to the war effort ,A nickname given to President Franklin D. Roosevelt,D
+407,us_history,"Which of the following statements best defines the economic term ""depression""?",A sharp drop in business activity along with rising unemployment ,A large influx of foreign capital ,An unpredicted increase in exports with a decline in imports ,A lowering of interest rates ,The laws of supply and demand,A
+408,us_history,Francis Cabot Lowell's development of the power loom in Massachusetts in the early 1800s gave rise to which of the following?,Automation ,Socialism ,Assembly-line manufacturing ,The factory system ,Labor strikes,D
+409,us_history,New York Governor Alfred Smith's 1928 campaign for the presidency marked the first time that,a New Yorker was ever on the ballot ,the Democrats nominated the governor of a large state ,a Catholic ran for president ,a career politician was nominated to national office ,the Democratic Convention reached a decision on the first ballot,C
+410,us_history,George Rogers Clark made which of the following contributions to the Revolutionary War in the North west Territory?,He captured the traitor Benedict Arnold. ,He led the army that defeated the French. ,He captured Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point. ,"He captured Forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. ",He defeated Lord Nelson on Lake Erie.,D
+411,us_history,Southern farmers who could not afford slaves sup ported the institution of slavery primarily because,slaves allowed poor white farmers to prosper ,slavery gave poor whites status and a stake in society ,slaves needed overseers and Southern whites knew the job was well paid ,slaveowners lent slaves in slow times to poor farmers to help work their land ,farmers knew that competition would help the Southern economy in the long run,B
+412,us_history,The Potsdam Conference was convened in July 1945 so that,Allied leaders could decide how to handle postwar Germany ,Allied leaders could determine how to handle the occupation of Japan ,the Soviet Union and the United States could decide how to divide China ,plans could be made for the Soviet Union to invade Japan ,Japan and the United States could draw up a peace agreement,A
+413,us_history,Secretary of State John Hay called for an Open Door Policy toward China in 1899 primarily because,Japan threatened to close its ports to the West ,Britain and France were pulling out of Asia ,The United States feared it would be shut out of trade and investment in China ,Russia and France were about to go to war over China ,Russia blocked sea access to Manchuria,C
+414,us_history,Article I of the Constitution assigns the vice president the duty of,signing legislation when the president is out of Washington ,negotiating treaties ,representing the United States at social functions ,presiding over meetings of the Senate ,introducing legislation to Congress,D
+415,us_history,Which one of the following women found refuge in Rhode Island after the courts banished her from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638?,Susan B. Anthony ,Anne Hutchinson ,Anne Bradstreet ,Carrie Nation ,Hester Prynne,B
+416,us_history,The Anasazi people constructed dwellings of,rock and adobe ,sticks and wet sand ,straw and mud ,mud and brick ,wood and stone,A
+417,us_history,The success of the automobile industry caused rapid growth in all the following industries EXCEPT:,communications ,advertising ,credit ,oil refining ,asphalt and paving,A
+418,us_history,In 1937 President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to grant him the power to do which of the following?,Move the Supreme Court into the White House ,Put the Supreme Court on administrative leave ,Replace every Supreme Court justice who was over 70 years of age ,Appoint nine new Supreme Court justices ,Dissolve the Supreme Court,C
+419,us_history,Which of the following was president when the U.S. government acquired the last of the territory that would make up the contiguous United States?,Abraham Lincoln ,William McKinley ,James Polk ,Woodrow Wilson ,Franklin Pierce,E
+420,us_history,Which statement best explains the trickle-down theory of economics?,Government-sponsored lotteries give people a chance to get rich. ,Lowering the top income tax rates will spur economic growth. ,Government programs that hire the unemployed lower the poverty rates. ,Lowering the bottom income tax rates encour ages spending. ,Low-interest government loans spur economic growth.,B
+421,us_history,The popular nickname of President Ronald Reagan's space-based missile defense system was,SALT ,Dune ,Space Shield ,Skylab ,Star Wars,E
+422,us_history,"From 1863 to 1871, William Marcy Tweed was the powerful political boss of which of the following cities?",Boston ,New York City ,"Washington, D.",Philadelphia ,New Orleans,B
+423,us_history,John C. Calhoun's view that the states had the right to refuse to obey any act of Congress they considered unconstitutional became known as the,doctrine of equal rights ,right of first refusal ,doctrine of nullification ,Carolina Plan ,Calhoun Compromise,C
+424,us_history,The Federal Securities Act created which of the following in an effort to reform business and guard against another stock market crash?,The Agricultural Adjustment Administration ,The Civilian Conservation Corps ,The Federal Emergency Relief Administration ,The Securities and Exchange Commission ,The National Industrial Recovery Act,D
+425,us_history,"We fight not to enslave, but to set a country free, and to make room upon the earth for honest men to live in. The writer of the above statement was most likely referring to which of the following wars?",The Civil War ,The Vietnam War ,The War of 1812 ,World War II ,The Revolutionary War,E
+426,us_history,The Eighteenth Amendment was passed primarily because of a crusade led by the,National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ,Women's Christian Temperance Movement ,Daughters of the American Revolution ,Mayflower Society ,International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union,B
+427,us_history,"In 1969, Native American activists occupied the abandoned prison on Alcatraz Island in order to protest all the following EXCEPT:",refusal of the U.S. and state government to honor treaty obligations ,discrimination against Native Americans by whites ,oppression of Native Americans by whites over three centuries ,refusal of the U.S. government to allow prof itable businesses to operate on Native American reservations ,marginalization of Native American culture by U.S. society,D
+428,us_history,Which one of the following was NOT an important leader of  organized labor?,George Pullman ,Eugene V. Debs ,Mary Harris Jones ,Samuel Gompers ,Terence V. Powderly,A
+430,us_history,"In defiance of federal orders to desegregate Arkansas public schools, Governor Orval Faubus did all the following EXCEPT:",post the Arkansas National Guard at Little Rock High School to bar African-American students from entering ,close down the Little Rock public schools for the 1958-1959 school year ,petition the White House to overturn  Brown v. Board of Education ,"work with others to establish private, all-white schools in Little Rock ",speak out publicly against forced integration of Arkansas schools,C
+431,us_history,Our diplomats and their advisers . . . lost sight of our tremendous stake in a non-Communist China .... This House must now assume the responsibility of preventing the onrushing tide of communism from engulfing all of Asia. The speaker probably issued this statement to the House of Representatives on the eve of which of the following?,Russo-Japanese War ,Korean War ,Persian Gulf War ,World War II ,Second Sino-Japanese War,B
+432,us_history,Which of the following colonial actions provoked the British Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts?,Signing of the Declaration of Independence ,Tarring and feathering of British agents sent to the colonies to distribute stamps ,Dumping chests of East India Tea into Boston harbor ,Convening of the Constitutional Convention ,Demanding that the governor of Massachusetts expel all British troops from Boston,C
+433,us_history,Which of the following statements supports the theory that the Brooklyn Dodgers played an important role in the struggle for civil rights by hiring Jackie Robinson?,Negro League players made much less money than white major leaguers. ,Millions of fans saw and heard every day that Robinson played as well as or better than the white players. ,"The Dodgers were one of three baseball teams in New York, the largest city in the United States. ",Robinson was named baseball's first rookie of the year in 1947. ,"Robinson never responded to taunts, jeers, or death threats from racist baseball fans.",B
+434,us_history,"Which of the following Broadway musicals was the center of a series of court cases that established the tenet that the content of paid theatrical performances, no matter how offensive some might find it, is fully protected by the First Amendment?",Chicago ,Hair ,The Cradle Will Rock ,The Who's Tommy ,"Oh, Calcutta!",B
+435,us_history,President Abraham Lincoln considered it crucial to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union primarily because,"it surrounded Washington, D.C., on three sides ",it shared a long border with Pennsylvania ,it was the site of the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg ,"it was home to John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin ",it contained the greatest number of factories of any Southern state,A
+436,us_history,Which of the following best describes the effect of the Monroe Doctrine on world politics?,Great Britain became more actively involved in Canadian affairs. ,The United States was determined to take over Central and South America. ,Spain began to play an active role in a series of Latin American wars for independence. ,France began supporting Native Americans in their attempts to retake their ancestral lands from the U.S. government. ,It set the tone for U.S. foreign policy in the future.,E
+437,us_history,The American Colonization Society was founded in the early 1800s primarily to,forcibly expel African Americans from the United States ,"establish Native American reservations on good, fertile farming and hunting lands ",encourage residents of the Eastern states to settle the Great Plains and the Southwest ,help free African Americans resettle in northwestern Africa ,achieve immediate and universal abolition of slavery throughout the United States,D
+438,us_history,Which of the following was founded in the aftermath of the Haymarket Riot of 1886?,Congress of Industrial Organizations ,Teamsters' Union ,American Railway Union ,American Federation of Labor ,Knights of Labor,D
+439,us_history,Which of the following factors contributed most to California's decision to apply for statehood in 1850?,Increase in population as a result of the Gold Rush ,Democratic Party success in the California legislature ,Local insistence that California would be a slaveholding state ,Decision of Congress to build a transcontinen tal railroad ,Realization that the United States would soon be at war with Mexico,A
+440,us_history,Many teenagers in the United States in the 1960s demanded that the voting age be lowered to 18 from 21 primarily because,they wanted the privilege of protesting against government policies ,they supported a political party that intended to overthrow the U.S. government ,they wanted to be able to vote to lower the legal drinking age ,they hoped to vote down a recent increase in income tax rates ,"they felt that since they were old enough to fight and die in military service, they were old enough to vote",E
+441,us_history,President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction pro grams included all the following EXCEPT:,a blanket pardon to all Confederate soldiers ,the removal of Union troops of occupation from the South ,a requirement that Southern states abolish slavery ,annulment of old debts to the Confederate government ,full civil rights for all African Americans,E
+442,us_history,The U.S. government encouraged the growth of settlement on the Great Plains in the mid-nineteenth century primarily by passing the,Homestead Act ,Pacific Railway Act ,Volstead Act ,Morrill Act ,Kansas-Nebraska Act,A
+443,us_history,"A ""Horatio Alger"" hero is a fictional character who symbolized which of the following to readers of the 1860s and 1870s?",The evil effects of gambling ,The ability to get rich by working one's way up from poor beginnings ,The value of social programs that helped working people ,The importance of acquiring a four-year college degree ,The importance of aristocratic family connec tions to those who want to succeed,B
+444,us_history,Education reform during the late 1800s had all the following effects EXCEPT:,raising the literacy rate of people in the United States ,changing teaching methods in the public schools ,increasing the enrollment of students in all grade levels ,integrating the public schools by race ,founding more colleges and universities,D
+445,us_history,The American Indian movement of the 1970s accomplished which of the following?,Took permanent control of the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs ,Recovered thousands of acres of ancestral tribal lands in Maine and New Mexico ,"Won a lawsuit over an incident at Wounded Knee, South Dakota ",Burned a replica of the Pilgrim ship Mayflowerin Boston harbor ,Established the National Museum of the American Indian in New York City,B
+446,us_history,All the following types of music were fused together to become jazz EXCEPT:,ragtime ,the blues ,spirituals ,hymns ,work songs,D
+447,us_history,During the late 1800s newly arrived immigrants supported political machines primarily because,political machines offered them jobs and essential city services in exchange for their votes ,political machines committed fraud to get their candidates elected when necessary ,political machines received kickbacks from businesses ,political bosses were fellow immigrants ,political bosses supported the settlement-house movement and public education reform,A
+448,us_history,The first shiploads of British colonists who settled on the Atlantic coast faced all the following problems EXCEPT:,hunger ,disease ,difficult winter weather ,implacable hostility of the Native Americans ,lack of essential supplies,D
+450,us_history,The British were the first Europeans to settle all the following colonies EXCEPT:,Rhode Island ,Connecticut ,New York ,Pennsylvania ,Virginia,C
+451,us_history,The colonists took all the following actions in opposition to the Stamp Act EXCEPT:,tarring and feathering the stamp agents ,convening the Stamp Act Congress in New York City ,passing resolutions declaring the Stamp Act illegitimate ,boycotting British imports ,sending the Olive Branch Petition to Parliament,E
+452,us_history,Which one of the following men spearheaded the religious revival known as the Great Awakening of the mid-1700s?,Benjamin Franklin ,William Penn ,Jonathan Edwards ,Edmund Andros ,Oliver Cromwell,C
+453,us_history,Congress passed the National Recovery Act in 1933 to do all the following EXCEPT:,stabilize prices ,create jobs through public-works projects ,allow industries to regulate themselves ,raise wages ,enforce antitrust laws,E
+454,us_history,"Who pays the big election expenses of your con gressman ?... Do you imagine those who foot those huge bills are fools? Don't you know that they make sure of getting their money back, with interest? The speaker of the above quotation most likely supported which of the following?",Progressivism ,Prohibition ,Segregation ,Reconstruction ,Cronyism,A
+455,us_history,All the following contributed to the decline of the Colored Farmers' Alliance EXCEPT:,racial divisions within the Alliance movement ,declining membership ,use of violence by white farmers against black workers ,failure of a cotton pickers' strike in 1891 ,expansion of the national money supply,E
+456,us_history,All the following photographers created important visual records of aspects of U.S. history EXCEPT:,Jacob Riis ,Matthew Brady ,Dorothea Lange ,Jessie Tarbox Beals ,Ansel Adams,E
+457,us_history,The Articles of Confederation did not provide a good basis for government primarily because,they established no legislative branch for the national government ,they gave the federal government no power to raise money from the states ,they put too much power in the hands of the federal judiciary ,they reserved no individual rights to the states of the Union ,they required a unanimous vote of all the states to pass any legislation,B
+458,us_history,The Populist Party of the 1890s supported all the following EXCEPT:,a graduated income tax ,maintaining the gold standard ,bank regulation ,voting reform ,limits on immigration,B
+459,us_history,"Which of the following novelists wrote mainly about the social class whose lifestyle Thorstein Veblen described in 1899 as the embodiment of ""conspicu ous consumption""?",Mark Twain ,J. D. Salinger ,Edith Wharton ,Jack London ,Ernest Hemingway,C
+460,us_history,The Armory Show of 1913 was significant primarily because,it displayed the results of an explosion in a shingle factory ,it was the first major exhibition of modern art in the United States ,it was entirely under the control of the American Museum Association ,it convinced the public that European painters were better than U.S. painters ,it was a huge success with the critics and the public,B
+461,us_history,President Lyndon B. Johnson became the national leader most responsible for ending racial segregation by taking all the following actions EXCEPT:,integrating the armed forces ,appointing Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court ,signing into law the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ,creating the Office of Economic Opportunity ,signing into law the Voting Rights Act of 1965,A
+462,us_history,The French and Indian War resulted in all the following EXCEPT:,Colonists gained their first experience of organized military action. ,"France ceded all territory east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, to Britain. ",Seeds of distrust and resentment were sown between the British Army and the colonial volunteers. ,Britain accumulated an enormous war debt. ,Colonial legislatures voted to approve Ben Franklin's Albany Plan of Union.,E
+464,us_history,Which of the following is a classic American novel of adolescent rebellion?,Moby-Dickby Herman Melville ,The Catcher in the Ryeby J. D. Salinger ,To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee ,My ántonia by Willa Cather ,The Moon Is Down by John Steinbeck,B
+465,us_history,All the following combined to help form the Free Soil Party in 1848 EXCEPT:,farmers ,land reformers ,industrial workers ,abolitionists ,Southern conservatives,E
+466,us_history,"Which of the following resulted when the workers at the Carnegie Steel Company of Homestead, PA, went on strike in 1892?",Eugene Debs made a public speech expressing support for the strikers. ,The company had the union leaders arrested for theft. ,Strikers achieved their goal of higher wages. ,Andrew Carnegie resigned as chairman of U.S. Steel. ,Management locked the workers out of the plant.,E
+467,us_history,"Rather than trying to climb the economic ladder, people are becoming more concerned with relation ships and family and community involvement. The speaker of the above quotation is most likely commenting on the passage into law of which of the following?",Family and Medical Leave Act ,North American Free Trade Agreement ,Immigration Act ,Operation Restore Hope ,Contract with America,A
+468,us_history,Mr. Rockefeller has systematically played with loaded dice. . . . Business played in this way loses all its sportsmanlike qualities. It is fit only for tricksters. The above statement most likely was made by which of the following muckraking journalists in which exposé?,"Ida M. Tarbell,  History of the Standard Oil Company ","Lincoln Steffens, Tweed Days in St. Louis ","Theodore Dreiser,  The Financier ","Ray Stannard Baker,  Following the Color Line ","Jacob Riis,  How the Other Half Lives",A
+469,us_history,Which of the following African-American leaders wroteUp From Slavery?,Malcolm X ,Frederick Douglass ,Ida B. Wells-Barnett ,Booker T. Washington ,Medgar Evers,D
+470,us_history,Women who opposed passage of the Equal Rights Amendment did so primarily because,they believed that women do not deserve the same rights as men ,"they did not want to lose certain privileges, such as exemption from the military draft ",they felt that it would destroy women's role in the home ,they thought it was best to fight for equality on a local level ,they did not want to lose any of the rights for which they had fought for so many decades,B
+471,us_history,Which of the following granted all African-American men the right to vote?,The Emancipation Proclamation ,The Reconstruction Acts ,The Freedmen's Bureau ,The Fifteenth Amendment ,The Enforcement Acts,D
+472,us_history,Which of the following administrations authorized continued financial aid to the Nicaraguan Contras in defiance of congressional laws against it?,Gerald Ford ,Jimmy Carter ,Ronald Reagan ,George H. W. Bush ,George W. Bush,C
+473,us_history,The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 specified which of the following?,The federal government would sell land in the Northwest Territory on credit. ,The Northwest Territory was divided into townships and lots that were sold to the public. ,Any precious metals discovered in the Northwest Territory were the property of the federal government. ,Only Native Americans were entitled to live in the Northwest Territory. ,"When a section of the Northwest Territory had a large enough population, it could draft a constitution and apply for statehood.",E
+474,us_history,Eleanor Roosevelt accomplished all the following EXCEPT:,writing a daily newspaper column ,holding the post of special ambassador to the United Nations ,visiting soldiers in dangerous combat zones such as Guadalcanal ,taking a public stand in favor of civil rights for African Americans ,founding the National Organization for Women,E
+475,us_history,"In the aftermath of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson",urged U.S. neutrality toward European nations ,fought for the establishment of the League of Nations ,signed the Balfour Declaration with Great Britain ,participated in a peace conference in Berlin ,vetoed the Espionage and Sedition Acts,B
+476,us_history,Hillary Rodham Clinton is the first first lady to do which of the following?,Hold elected political office ,Publish an autobiography ,Fight for education and health-care reform ,Get a college education ,Restore and redecorate public rooms in the White House,A
+477,us_history,The Black Codes of the late 1860s had which of the following purposes?,To restore the status quo of Southern society before the Civil War ,To enforce freedmen's right to vote ,To allow African Americans to hold elected office ,To intimidate Democrats into staying away from the polls ,To nullify the Secession Acts of 1860 and 1861,A
+478,us_history,During the mid-1800s farmers faced all the following problems EXCEPT:,The supply of crops exceeded the demand for them. ,They incurred debt from purchases of land or equipment. ,The prices of crops had fallen. ,There were no protective tariffs on imported crops. ,The Grange and Alliance movements prevented them from organizing.,E
+479,us_history,Strikes led by members of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union had all the following effects EXCEPT:,Employers agreed to raise wages. ,Employers agreed to shorten the workweek. ,Employers agreed to a closed shop. ,Union membership rose by the tens of thousands. ,Many African American women joined the strikers.,C
+480,us_history,Theodore Roosevelt began his presidency with all the following goals EXCEPT:,fighting rigid class distinctions in U.S. society ,speaking his mind on important issues of the day ,forcing corporations to serve the public good ,overseeing ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment on woman suffrage ,fighting unethical and illegal conduct in big businesses,D
+481,us_history,Which of the following does NOT characterize the Clinton administrations of the 1990s?,Economic prosperity ,Federal budget surpluses ,Low unemployment rates ,Passage of important social legislation ,Strained relations with foreign allies,E
+482,us_history,American Tories remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolutionary War for all the following reasons EXCEPT:,belief that it was immoral to turn against a hereditary monarch ,desire to protect the power and wealth they enjoyed as British subjects ,personal loyalty to King George III ,unwillingness to commit what they believed was treason by taking up arms against Britain ,belief that the various acts of Parliament were neither onerous nor oppressive,E
+483,us_history,All the following factors led to the decline and fall of the Industrial Workers of the World EXCEPT:,the failure of several labor strikes ,people's fear of the IWW's methods and goals ,refusal of employers to accept an open shop ,a government crackdown on union activity ,conflict within the IWW leadership,C
+484,us_history,"Europeans explored and colonized the ""New World"" for all the following motives EXCEPT:",desire for religious and political freedom ,expansion of European-based empires ,discovery of the Northwest Passage ,"greed for gold, treasure, and natural resources ",assimilation into New World cultures,E
+485,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a prominent protest group during the civil rights era?,Southern Christian Leadership Conference ,Fair Employment Practices Committee ,Montgomery Improvement Association ,Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ,Congress of Racial Equality,B
+486,us_history,American pop music of the 1960s was characterized by all the following EXCEPT:,song lyrics with political messages ,use of electrically amplified instruments ,a new link between rock and folk music ,a rise in the popularity of big bands ,"song lyrics that protested against ""the establishment""",D
+487,us_history,"We are people of this generation, bred in at least modest comfort, housed now in universities, looking uncomfortably to the world we inherit. The author of the above quotation most likely would have supported which of the following movements?",Counterculture ,Labor ,Temperance ,Religious revival ,Feminist,A
+488,us_history,The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was called primarily to,"integrate U.S. society along race, gender, and class lines ",declare that women and men should have equal rights ,revise the Declaration of Independence ,force the president of the United States to grant women the right to vote ,do away with the economic system based on owning private property,B
+489,us_history,All the following authors were considered members of the nineteenth-century Transcendentalist commu nity EXCEPT:,Bronson Alcott ,Ralph Waldo Emerson ,Margaret Fuller ,Henry David Thoreau ,Emily Dickinson,E
+490,us_history,Henry Clay's American System called for all the following EXCEPT:,a national bank ,protective tariffs ,a national transportation system ,a sound national currency ,a free-trade agreement with Great Britain,E
+492,us_history,Which one of the following men did NOT play a key role in the U.S. military during the Revolutionary War?,Benedict Arnold ,Ethan Allen ,Samuel Adams ,George Rogers Clark ,Nathaniel Greene,C
+493,us_history,The Japanese Internment of World War II was focused primarily on Japanese-Americans who resided in the following state:,Florida ,California ,New York ,Illinois ,Michigan,B
+494,us_history,Demobilization after World War I had all the follow ing effects on the economy EXCEPT:,Factories cut back production and dismissed workers. ,Crop prices fell to new lows. ,Prices of consumer goods went up. ,Women were pressured into giving up their jobs to men. ,Employment rates rose as veterans returned to the workforce.,E
+495,us_history,During the 1920s African Americans migrated to the North primarily to,join the NAACP ,escape violence and oppression ,organize unions for African-American laborers ,take jobs on cattle ranches or acquire homesteads ,take part in major protests against racial discrimination,B
+496,us_history,"This bill will destroy our common life and will rob us of everything which we hold dear-our lands, our customs, our traditions. The speaker of the above quotation most likely was referring to which of the following?",The Bursum Bill ,The Taft-Hartley Act ,The Sherman Antitrust Act ,The Immigration Act ,The Equal Rights Amendment,A
+497,us_history,All the following were Union generals during the Civil War EXCEPT:,William Tecumseh Sherman ,Ambrose Burnside ,"Thomas ""Stonewall"" Jackson ",Ulysses S. Grant ,George McClellan,C
+498,us_history,The GI Bill of Rights gave millions of veterans the opportunity to,get a college education ,join a branch of the armed forces ,refuse combat duty ,move to Canada ,be given a fair trial if court-martialed,A
+499,us_history,All the following were parts of the Anaconda Plan in the Civil War EXCEPT:,a Union blockade of Confederate ports ,a siege of Richmond by federal troops ,a campaign to destroy Southern railroads and industries ,cutting the South in half by seizing the Mississippi ,assaulting coastal ports to seize trading vessels,B
+500,us_history,"Theodore Roosevelt's ""Square Deal"" called for all the following EXCEPT:",limiting the power of trusts ,enacting cuts in personal income taxes ,promoting public health and safety ,improving working conditions for the laboring class ,"balancing the interests of big business, consumers, and labor",B
+501,us_history,Which of the following novels is a literary icon of the Jazz Age?,The Troll Gardenby Willa Cather ,The Great Gatsbyby F. Scott Fitzgerald ,The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton ,Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck ,The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James,B
+502,us_history,"In Powell v. Alabama, the Supreme Court revoked the death sentences of the ""Scottsboro boys"" on the grounds that",the police had forced the defendants to confess their guilt ,the defendants had been denied the right to a trial by jury ,the defendants had alibis from eyewitnesses who had not been allowed to testify ,the defendants had been denied the right to due process ,the defendants had been framed for crimes committed by other people,D
+503,us_history,"For what did you throw off the yoke of Britain and call yourselves independent? Was it from a disposi tion fond of change, or to procure new masters ?... This new form of national government . . . will be dangerous to your liberty and happiness. The speaker of the above quotation was most likely a member of which group?",Federalists ,Sons of Liberty ,Democrats ,Antifederalists ,Tories,D
+504,us_history,All the following were New Deal programs EXCEPT:,Civil Works Administration ,Reconstruction Finance Corporation ,National Labor Relations Act ,Farm Security Administration ,Federal Housing Administration,B
+505,us_history,Which of the following was a leader of Sioux resist ance in the 1870s?,Chief Joseph ,Geronimo ,Squanto ,Sitting Bull ,Powhatan,D
+506,us_history,"The eastern half of which present-day state was called ""Indian Territory"" until 1907?",Nebraska ,Kansas ,Oklahoma ,Colorado ,Arizona,C
+507,us_history,Nativists took all the following steps to protest immigration EXCEPT:,committing violence against immigrants ,vandalizing Catholic churches because they were centers of immigrant neighborhoods ,forming a political party to support restrictions on immigration ,lynching immigrants and blaming African Americans for the crimes ,electing many state and local officials who discriminated against immigrants,D
+508,us_history,"Before 1800, most immigrants to the United States were",Mexican ,British ,Dutch ,German ,Chinese,B
+509,us_history,The United States acquired the last of the territory that would make up the contiguous United States during which decade?,1770s ,1800s ,1840s ,1850s ,1950s,D
+510,us_history,"Between 1830 and 1860, the majority of European immigrants to the United States were from",France and Hungary ,Belgium and Switzerland ,Italy and Spain ,Ireland and Germany ,Russia and Greece,D
+511,us_history,"Which section of Article VI of the Constitution states that when federal and state laws come into conflict with each other, ultimate authority is given to federal laws?",Eminent domain ,Supremacy clause ,Public domain ,Sovereignty clause ,Elastic clause,B
+512,us_history,The Indian Removal Act of 1830 stated that,all East Indian immigrants were to be deported ,burial grounds would be established for Native Americans killed in conflict with federal troops ,all Native American images would be removed from public display ,Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River would be relocated ,all government officials of Native American ancestry would be dismissed from their posts,D
+514,us_history,"William Jennings Bryan's ""Cross of Gold"" speech at the Democratic Convention of 1896 proposed which of the following?",That the United States maintain the gold standard ,That a cross of gold be erected on the White House lawn ,That silver be coined to inflate the U.S. currency ,That churches pay income taxes to aid the poor ,That the United States sell gold to foreign investors,C
+515,us_history,Cesar Chavez became prominent in the 1960s as,the speaker of the house in Texas ,a bilingual television host in California ,the head of an organization that promoted Hispanic boxers ,the leader of the United Farm Workers ,the first Hispanic mayor of a U.S. city,D
+516,us_history,The first President of the Independent Republic of Texas was,Sam Houston ,Walter Dallas ,Stephen F. Austin ,Jim Bowie ,Dallas Green,A
+517,us_history,All the following innovations were a direct result of the growth of U.S. cities from 1865 to 1900 EXCEPT:,the elevator ,the skyscraper ,the automobile ,trolley cars ,steel frame construction,C
+518,us_history,"One of the best ways to cope with (fear), is to turn it around and put it out to others . . . if you are afraid of the dark, you put the audience in a dark theater. I had a great fear of the ocean. This quotation most likely describes which of the following blockbuster American films?",Gone With the Wind ,Star Wars ,Jaws ,The Sound of Music ,The Wizard of Oz,C
+519,us_history,Which of the following made New York the first state to grant women the right to own property?,"The Nineteenth Amendment, 1920 ","The Married Women's Property Act, 1848 ","The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 ","The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments, 1848 ","The Fourteenth Amendment, 1868",B
+520,us_history,Which of the following helped make the Second Great Awakening a success?,The growth of Lutheranism ,Early German immigration ,The preaching of Jonathan Edwards ,A decline in Protestant denominations ,"Circuit riders, or itinerant ministers",E
+521,us_history,Which of the following is a nickname for the gener ation born between 1945 and 1965?,The lost generation ,The beat generation ,The baby boom generation ,The peace generation ,Generation X,C
+522,us_history,"Which of the following is a broad program created by Martin Luther King, Jr., to confront the issues of U.S. economic inequalilty and poverty regardless of race.",The Poor People's Campaign ,The March on Washington ,Affirmative action ,Black power ,War on Poverty,A
+523,us_history,Which of the 13 British colonies was founded on the southern frontier of British North America to provide a fresh start for debtors?,South Carolina ,Virginia ,Florida ,Georgia ,North Carolina,D
+524,us_history,Pickett's Charge became the turning point for the Union against the Confederacy in which of the following Civil War battles?,Chancellorsville ,Gettysburg ,Antietam ,Vicksburg ,Second Bull Run,B
+525,us_history,During the 1860s and 1870s federal troops repeat edly clashed with Native Americans in which of the following regions?,Northeast ,Great Lakes ,Southeast ,Mississippi Valley ,Great Plains,E
+526,us_history,Which of the following proposed a 1930s relief program in which money would be taken from the wealthy and given to the poor?,Harold Ickes ,Huey Long ,John Nance Garner ,Alf Landon ,Father Charles Coughlin,B
+527,us_history,Mary Boykin Chesnut is best known for which of the following?,Writing a diary that documents home life on the plantation during the Civil War ,"Acting as a spy, passing secret troop placements to the Union ",Writing newspaper editorials opposing the Confederacy ,Running for the Senate in 1864 ,Harboring runaway slaves in South Carolina,A
+528,us_history,Which group opposed ratification of the Constitution because its members feared a powerful national government?,Whigs ,Continentalists ,Tories ,Democratic-Republicans ,Antifederalists,E
+529,us_history,"Which of the following leaders did NOT sign the Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I?",Woodrow Wilson ,Georges Clemenceau ,Vittorio Orlando ,Henry Cabot Lodge ,David Lloyd George,D
+530,us_history,The active colonial protest group called Sons of Lib erty first organized in which of the following cities?,Philadelphia ,New York ,Boston ,Williamsburg ,Charleston,C
+531,us_history,Powers shared by the federal and state governments are called,concurrent powers ,sovereign powers ,bicameral powers ,reduced powers ,federal powers,A
+532,us_history,The first election in which the Twenty-Sixth Amend ment (allowing 18-year olds to vote) was in effect was held in,1948,1964,1972,1976,1980,C
+533,us_history,"The term ""planned obsolescence"" refers to which of the following?",The practice of letting a contract expire ,An urban planning strategy designed to rebuild neighborhoods on a timed schedule ,The business practice of manufacturing products specifically designed to go out of style and be replaced by new models ,A temporary construction site ,The government system for maturing savings bonds,C
+534,us_history,The skyscraper boom in U.S. cities was facilitated by Elisha Otis's development of,the revolving door ,the elevator ,the telephone ,refrigeration ,the lightbulb,B
+535,us_history,Which of the following Eastern tribes was NOT a member of the Iroquois League?,Seneca ,Mohawk ,Onondaga ,Delaware ,Cayuga,D
+536,us_history,"Which prominent U.S. inventor was known as ""the Wizard of Menlo Park""?",Albert Einstein ,Alexander Graham Bell ,Henry Ford ,Tobias Fuller ,Thomas Edison,E
+537,us_history,"All the following statements support the theory that the West was developed by big business, big government, and technology EXCEPT:","The government gave away land to anyone who would claim it, live on it, and farm it. ",The railroad companies brought thousands of Chinese immigrants to the West. ,The U.S. Army protected the settlers and evicted Native Americans. ,The railroad made it possible to transport necessary supplies to pioneer farmers in rural areas. ,Farmers had no national association to which they could apply for help.,E
+538,us_history,"The phrase ""Great White Hope"" refers to which of the following?","Babe Ruth, whose home run hitting restored faith in baseball after the Black Sox scandal of 1919 ",Boston Celtics basketball star Larry Bird ,The women's gymnastics team at the 1980 Olympic Games ,"A white boxer good enough to defeat Jack Johnson, world heavyweight champion in 1908 ",Swedish tennis champion Bjorn Borg,D
+539,us_history,All the following factors combined to cause the United States to declare war on Great Britain in 1812 EXCEPT:,U.S. desire to acquire Canada and Florida ,bumbling policies of President James Madison ,impressment of U.S. sailors into the British Navy ,British alliance with and support of Native American tribes ,"U.S. purchase of New France, later called the Louisiana Territory",E
+540,us_history,In 1837 Horace Mann worked for all the following publicschool reforms in Massachusetts EXCEPT:,raising teacher salaries ,pressuring the legislature to increase funding for schools ,opening the nation's first public high schools ,starting teacher training schools ,updating the curriculum,C
+541,us_history,Some historians date the start of the Civil War to April 1861 when,John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry ,South Carolina seceded from the United States ,"Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina ",President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation ,"Union troops laid siege to Richmond, Virginia",C
+542,us_history,The primary cause of the market revolution of the early 1800s was,the creation of a national bank ,the building of national roads and canals ,the abandonment of the gold standard ,the development of refrigeration ,the signing of an international trade agreement,B
+543,us_history,The Voting Rights Act of 1975 stated which of the following?,Young people between the ages of 18 and 21 had the right to vote. ,People must register with a political party in order to vote. ,Resident aliens could vote in local elections. ,People did not have to reveal which candidates they voted for. ,Voting materials must be made available in a variety of languages.,E
+544,us_history,"The party reached out mostly to men, to young, black urban men who were on the streets, who knew that there were no options somewhere in their lives. The speaker of the above quotation most likely is referring to which of the following?",The Black Panther Party ,The civil rights movement ,The Reform Party ,The Urban League ,The Socialist Party,A
+545,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a U.S. victory in the Pacific in World War II?,The attack on Guadalcanal ,The Battle of the Coral Sea ,The Battle of the Bulge ,The Battle of Midway ,The Battle of Leyte Gulf,C
+546,us_history,Congress passed the War Powers Act primarily because,Presidents Johnson and Nixon had usurped congressional authority in making war on Vietnam ,the United States had not achieved a clear victory in Vietnam ,the Vietnam War had been unpopular with the voters from the beginning ,Congress believed that only the president should have the power to declare war ,the public wanted to end the military draft and replace it with an all-volunteer army,A
+547,us_history,The U.S. Department of Agriculture was created primarily to assist which of the following?,tenant farmers who were forced off their land during the Dust Bowl era ,former slaves who wanted to acquire homesteads in the West ,miners who fought against unsafe working conditions ,struggling farmers on the Great Plains ,ranchers who wanted to import a healthier breed of cattle,D
+548,us_history,"The Atlantic Charter, signed by the United States and Great Britain in 1941, stated all the following EXCEPT:",Aggressor nations would be disarmed after the end of the war. ,All nations had the right to choose their own form of government. ,All nations should have equal and free access to international trade. ,The United States and Great Britain would not expand their territory. ,Germany would be split into two nations at the end of the war.,E
+549,us_history,I didn't want to believe it at first-people protest ing against us when we were putting our lives on the line for our country. The speaker of the above quotation is most likely a veteran of the,Korean War ,Vietnam War ,Persian Gulf War ,invasion of Afghanistan ,war in Iraq,B
+550,us_history,All the following are major photojournalists of the Great Depression EXCEPT:,Margaret Bourke-White ,Walker Evans ,Althea Gibson ,Dorothea Lange ,Gordon Parks,C
+551,us_history,"The first U.S. school where women and African Americans, as well as men, could earn a four-year college degree was","Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio ","Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania ","Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts ","Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut ","The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania",A
+552,us_history,"Which of the following works of the American the ater explicitly compares McCarthyism to the Puritan ""witch hunts"" of Salem, Massachusetts?",A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt ,The Crucibleby Arthur Miller ,Strange Interludeby Eugene O'Neill ,Angels in Americaby Tony Kushner ,Assassins by Stephen Sondheim,B
+553,us_history,"Samuel Colt's revolver, which was patented in the United States in 1836, revolutionized armed combat because of which of the following innovations?",It did not have to be taken apart during reloading. ,It could be used as either a firing weapon or a bayonet. ,It had sights along the barrel that improved accuracy. ,It could be fired six times before being reloaded. ,It enabled the soldier to shoot from a greater distance.,D
+554,us_history,"Which of the following machines, invented in 1793, was primarily responsible for an economic boom in the South?",Eli Whitney's cotton gin ,Robert Fulton's steam engine ,Henry Bessemer's steel converter ,John Deere's tractor ,Edwin L. Drake's oil drill,A
+555,us_history,The Great Migration took place during which of the following decades?,1920s ,1850s ,1890s ,1960s ,1990s,A
+556,us_history,The growth of the railroad industry in the 1870s stimulated all the following EXCEPT:,settlement of Western states ,growth in the steel industry ,expansion of markets for trade and sales ,high employment rates ,development of the automobile,E
+557,us_history,"James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay were all",members of President George Washington's cabinet ,signers of the Declaration of Independence ,authors of the  Federalist Papers ,prominent Antifederalists ,heroes of Revolutionary War battles,C
+558,us_history,All the following characterize the Native American literary tradition EXCEPT:,trickster tales ,creation stories ,fables featuring animal characters ,tales based on the sacred books of Native American religion ,stories passed down orally over generations,D
+559,us_history,During the 1770s punitive Acts of Parliament were aimed primarily at Massachusetts because,Massachusetts's governor was a member of the Sons of Liberty ,Bostonians had provoked the Boston Massacre and had held the Boston Tea Party ,the stamp agent for Massachusetts had been attacked and thrown out of town ,the Massachusetts legislature had abolished slavery throughout the colony ,the people of Massachusetts did not believe in the separation of church and state,B
+560,us_history,The main components of Henry Clay's American System were,"a canal, railroads, and lower taxes ","low tariffs, public education, military spending, and agriculture ","a national bank, a protective tariff, and a national transportation system ","trade with Europe, income taxes, and deficit spending ","states' rights, local transportation, and a tax on Southern farmers",C
+561,us_history,All the following were possible motives for President Harry S. Truman using the atomic bomb against Japan EXCEPT:,Japan refused to surrender. ,Truman wanted to dismantle Japan's nuclear facilities. ,the bombing could prevent a costly U.S. land invasion of Japan. ,Truman wished to demonstrate the power of the bomb to the Soviet Union. ,The United States wanted revenge for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.,B
+562,us_history,"As the automobile industry developed, it promoted the growth of all the following EXCEPT:",the asphalt and road-paving industries ,the advertising business ,the oil-refining industry ,the telephone and telegraph industries ,the importation of rubber,D
+563,us_history,"The nickname ""Star Wars"" refers to which of the following?",Public arguments among cabinet members during the Ford administration ,The race to be the first nation to land an astronaut on the moon ,A missile-based defense system conceived by President Ronald Reagan ,The race for the top ratings for the evening network news broadcasts in the 1990s ,Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr's tactics during his investigation of allegations against President Bill Clinton,C
+564,us_history,Jazz is a blend of all the following musical influences EXCEPT:,spirituals ,the blues ,hymns ,work songs ,ragtime,C
+565,us_history,"It was a pleasure to live in those good old days, when a Federalist could knock a Republican down in the streets and not be questioned about it. The speaker of the above quotation most likely was referring to which decade in history?",1800s ,1850s ,1870s ,1920s ,1960s,A
+566,us_history,Which political party was formed during the 1890s to address the concerns of U.S. farmers?,Democratic Party ,Republican Party ,Progressive Party ,Populist Party ,Socialist Party,D
+567,us_history,African Americans and women first served in combat duty in which of the following wars?,Revolutionary War ,World War I ,Vietnam War ,Persian Gulf War ,War in Iraq,A
+568,us_history,Which of the following groups did NOT help form the Free-Soil Party in 1848?,Abolitionists ,Farmers ,Industrial workers ,Land reformers ,Southern conservatives,E
+569,us_history,Which of the following works would be most useful to a historian researching the living conditions of immigrants in New York City in the 1890s?,The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton ,How the Other Half Livesby Jacob Riis ,Theory of the Leisure Classby Thorstein Veblen ,The Bloodhounds of Broadway by Damon Runyon ,The Gangs of New York by Herbert Asbury,B
+570,us_history,Civil rights groups opposed the Vietnam War primarily because,they supported the North Vietnamese and the communists ,the media had stopped covering the civil rights movement in order to cover the war news ,money that had been earmarked for social programs was diverted to military use ,they objected to the war on religious and pacifist grounds ,they wanted to prevent the reelection of President Lyndon Johnson,C
+571,us_history,Accusations of improper conduct in the personal life of a candidate for high office are an example of which of the following?,Muckraking ,Mudslinging ,Gerrymandering ,Grandstanding ,Posturing,B
+572,us_history,"Whenever I hear anyone arguing for slavery, I feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally. The speaker of the above quotation is probably which of the following?",Jefferson Davis ,Abraham Lincoln ,Theodore Roosevelt ,Stephen Douglas ,Robert Lee,B
+573,us_history,The precedent for a free press in the United States was set by a trial involving which of the following?,Thomas Paine ,John Peter Zenger ,Samuel Adams ,Phillis Wheatley ,Frederick Douglass,B
+574,us_history,"In 1837, Democratic Party members of Congress passed a ""gag rule"" forbidding any discussion or debate of",corruption ,sedition ,abolition ,expansion ,imperialism,C
+575,us_history,Which of the following established a court system in the United States?,The Articles of Confederation ,The Bill of Rights ,The Fifth Amendment ,The Sixth Amendment ,The Judiciary Act of 1789,E
+576,us_history,"A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough to be given a square deal afterwards. More than that no man is entitled to, and less than that no man shall have. Which of the following is most likely true of the speaker of the above quotation?",He believed in equal opportunities for people of all social classes. ,He approved of U.S. involvement in foreign wars. ,He felt that veterans were entitled to special benefits. ,He was likely to side with owners rather than workers in labor disputes. ,He supported an all-volunteer military rather than a military draft.,A
+577,us_history,All of the following were proposals of Alexander Hamilton EXCEPT:,a national bank ,repeal of the whiskey tax ,protective tariffs ,the federal government should assume state debts incurred during the Revolution ,direct support to industry by government subsidies,B
+578,us_history,Which of the following did President Abraham Lincoln quote from in his Gettysburg Address?,The Constitution ,The Declaration of Independence ,Common Sense ,The  Federalist Papers ,The Emancipation Proclamation,B
+579,us_history,The American Federation of Labor was founded in 1886 as a result of,the Haymarket Riot ,the election of President Grover Cleveland ,a severe financial panic ,federal legislation ,negotiations between owners and workers,A
+580,us_history,Which of the following spurred young people in the United States to push for the ratification of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment?,Opposition to the Vietnam War ,Support for a Republican administration ,Concern for veterans' rights ,Commitment to civil rights for all Americans ,Determination to ensure equal rights for men and women,A
+581,us_history,Which of the following was designed to enforce the provisions of the Eighteenth [Prohibition] Amendment?,Kansas-Nebraska Act ,War Powers Act ,Voting Rights Act ,Volstead Act ,Pure Food and Drug Act,D
+582,us_history,A supporter of the Niagara Movement of 1905 prob ably would applaud all the following EXCEPT:,civil rights ,federal antilynching legislation ,integration of the public schools ,the African Colonization Society ,the founding of the NAACP,D
+583,us_history,"To show their opposition to the Stamp Act, colonists took all the following actions EXCEPT:",holding a meeting of colonial leaders in New York City ,calling up the members of the various colonial militias to active duty ,passing local legislation that declared the Stamp Act illegal ,refusing to purchase any products imported from Great Britain ,tarring and feathering the stamp agents,B
+584,us_history,All the following are major African-American literary figures EXCEPT:,Frederick Douglass ,Richard Wright ,Ralph Ellison ,James Weldon Johnson ,Harriet Beecher Stowe,E
+585,us_history,The Erie Canal connected the Great Lakes with which of the following?,The Pacific Ocean ,The Mississippi River ,The Hudson River ,The Cumberland Road ,The Chesapeake Bay,C
+586,us_history,All the following contributed to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to an unprecedented third term EXCEPT:,his skill at conducting the war in Europe ,his outstanding skill as a political campaigner ,his success in creating jobs ,his opponent's failure to offer attractive alternatives to Roosevelt's policies ,his enormous personal popularity and ability to inspire people with his courage and optimism,A
+587,us_history,W. E. B. DuBois disagreed with Booker T. Wash ington's argument against African-American politi cal activism primarily because,DuBois felt that African Americans' political activism would force the white majority to correct racial injustice ,DuBois felt that only African Americans had any right to speak about racial issues ,DuBois felt that Washington was a tool of the white majority ,DuBois had no faith in African Americans' ability to help themselves ,DuBois supported the African Colonization Society,A
+588,us_history,President Harry S. Truman ordered the dropping of atomic bombs on Japanese cities primarily because,he wanted to save U.S. lives by forcing the Japanese to surrender ,he wanted to intimidate the German Army into surrendering ,he wanted the United States to be in the strongest possible position during peace negotiations with the other Allied Powers ,he wanted Japan to shut down its own nuclear facilities ,he wanted to destroy the capital city of Japan,A
+589,us_history,The resignations of which two men made Gerald R. Ford president of the United States?,Bob Haldeman and John Erlichman ,Spiro Agnew and Richard Nixon ,Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan ,Robert Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson ,Henry Morgenthau and Harold Ickes,B
+590,us_history,Which of the following most accurately defines Transcendentalism?,The belief that people can rise above material things in life to reach a higher understanding ,The belief that one religion could transcend denominationalism ,The belief that the Puritan faith could be combined with Unitarianism ,The belief that Native Americans could never attain heaven ,The belief in predestination and God's assignment at birth of people to their fate,A
+591,us_history,"The Sixteenth Amendment, passed in 1913, did which of the following?",Made the sale of alcoholic beverages illegal ,Gave women the right to vote ,Allowed for direct election of U.S. senators ,Enabled Congress to levy taxes on income ,Raised the voting age to 21,D
+592,us_history,The Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during,the presidential election of 1860 ,the presidential election of 1864 ,the congressional debate over secession ,the House of Representatives elections of 1854 ,the Senate elections of 1858,E
+593,us_history,The Wright Brothers developed an airplane using experience gained from,working with locomotives and large engines ,operating a bicycle shop and experimenting with small engines ,repairing tractors and farm equipment ,designing steam engines ,manufacturing sewing machines,B
+594,us_history,Which of the following describes one major effect of President Warren G. Harding's economic policies?,The elimination of tariffs on imported goods ,A rise in union membership ,Increased profits for business owners ,Increased profits for farmers ,Strict enforcement of antitrust legislation,C
+595,us_history,Which of the following took its name from a British political party that opposed the power of the monarch?,The Know-Nothings ,The Mugwumps ,The Republicans ,The Bull Moose Party ,The Whigs,E
+596,us_history,The Native American literary tradition can be best described as which of the following?,Classical poetry ,Folk songs ,Sermons ,Creation myths and legends ,Oral history,D
+597,us_history,Which of the following commanded the United States Expeditionary Forces during World War I?,John J. Pershing ,George S. Patton ,Douglas MacArthur ,Nathanael Greene ,Dwight D. Eisenhower,A
+598,us_history,"The remains of one of the most sophisticated prehis toric native civilizations north of Mexico are pre served at Cahokia, Illinois. The people who lived at this site were called:",the Toltec ,the Choctaw ,the Mound Builders ,the Creek Nation ,the Anasazi,C
+599,us_history,". . . government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. This statement was first made in which of the following?",The Preamble to the Constitution ,The Declaration of Independence ,The Magna Carta ,The Fifteenth Amendment ,The Gettysburg Address,E
+600,us_history,The total value of all goods and services produced in a nation during a given year is referred to as,the federal deficit ,the import-export ratio ,the federal budget ,the gross national product ,the distribution of wealth,D
+601,us_history,The Iran hostage crisis had an impact on which presidential election?,1972,1976,1980,1984,1988,C
+602,us_history,Spirituals were of great importance to which of the following?,The Methodist Church ,Occult groups in New Orleans ,Slaves on plantations ,Catholic missions in the Southwest ,Immigrant funerals,C
+603,us_history,Which of the following best describes Andrew Carnegie's practice of acquiring companies that pro vided raw materials and services for his steel business?,Vertical integration ,Lateral growth ,Cross-disciplinary exploitation ,Venture capitalism ,Horizontal integration,A
+604,us_history,The ability to get to the verge without getting into war is the necessary art. The speaker is describing which of the following?,Brinksmanship ,Appeasement ,Imperialism ,Dollar diplomacy ,Containment,A
+605,us_history,Which of the following was NOT an action author ized by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 1914?,The investigation of corporations ,A ban on fraudulent or unfair business practices ,The use of the courts to enforce FTC rulings ,The levying of taxes on interstate commerce ,The targeting of abuses such as mislabeling and false claims,D
+606,us_history,Which of the following constituted the most signifi cant international impact of the War of 1812?,It caused diplomatic tensions between the United States and Spain. ,It forced France to nullify the Louisiana Purchase. ,It lessened shipping commerce on the Great Lakes. ,It forced the United States to police the Atlantic Ocean. ,It removed the British from the Northwest Territories,E
+607,us_history,George Washington's first cabinet consisted of,"secretaries of war, state, commerce, and treasury ","attorney and postmaster generals and secretaries of state, treasury, and war ","secretaries of war, state, labor, and commerce ","secretaries of war, state, treasury, commerce, and Indian affairs ","chief justice, attorney general, and secretaries of state, war, and treasury",B
+608,us_history,"Congressional Republicans challenged President Clinton's domestic agenda in 1994 with their own proposals, popularly known as",the Reform Act ,the Economic Initiative ,the Contract with America ,the McCain-Feingold Bill ,Operation Restore Hope,C
+609,us_history,"The Zapruder film, which was shot with a hand-held camera in 1963, depicts which of the following?",The invention of the hula hoop ,The construction of the  Pioneer 6 spacecraft ,The development of the measles vaccine ,The assassination of President John F. Kennedy ,The Watergate hearings,D
+610,us_history,All or parts of the following present-day states were part of the Mexican Cession EXCEPT:,California ,Nevada ,Utah ,Colorado ,Oklahoma,E
+611,us_history,The first 10 constitutional amendments are known as,the Bill of Rights ,Article VIII of the Constitution ,the Civil Rights amendments ,the elastic clause ,the Federalist amendments,A
+612,us_history,There never has yet existed a wealthy and a civi lized society in which one portion of the community did not . . . live on the labor of another. The speaker of the above quotation was defending which of the following?,The establishment of the Confederacy ,South Carolina's right to secede from the United States ,the creation of the National Bank ,The institution of slavery ,The doctrine of nullification,D
+613,us_history,The two-party political system emerged in part because of which of the following?,Progressivism ,Civil unrest ,Sectionalism ,Republicanism ,Nationalism,C
+614,us_history,Which one of the following people became the first female pilot to complete a solo transatlantic flight?,Charles Lindbergh ,Harriet Quimby ,Bessie Coleman ,Gertrude Ederle ,Amelia Earhart,E
+615,us_history,The government's policy of allowing cattle ranchers to let their herds graze on public land was called,the roundup ,range riding ,the long drive ,rustling ,open range,E
+616,us_history,Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?,To unite the Native American tribes of New York State ,To discuss agricultural problems for farmers in the Eastern states ,To form a society to advance the rights of women ,To discuss antislavery strategies ,To select a leader for a group of evangelist congregations,C
+617,us_history,The turning point of the Revolutionary War was a battle fought at,"Bunker Hill, Massachusetts ","Saratoga, New York ","Brandywine, Pennsylvania ","Cowpens, South Carolina ","Ticonderoga, Vermont",B
+618,us_history,Which of the following was a marketing innovation of General Motors in the 1920s to help consumers buy more expensive cars?,Subliminal advertising ,Rebates ,Discounts for trading in an old car ,Bargaining ,The installment plan,E
+619,us_history,Which of the following was most likely NOT a goal of George W. Bush in creating the Department of Homeland Security?,Improving airport security ,Protecting transportation systems from attack ,Expanding law-enforcement powers to combat terrorism ,Building impenetrable walls along the Mexican and Canadian borders ,Protecting vital power networks from attack,D
+620,us_history,Which faction formed in opposition to President Rutherford B. Hayes's support of civil-service reform?,Progressives ,National Grangers ,Populists ,Half-Breeds ,Stalwarts,E
+621,us_history,Uncle Tom's Cabin provoked strong reactions in the South because,it justified Southerners' view that slavery was morally permissible ,it depicted slavery as wrong and slaveholders as corrupt ,it depicted romantic relations between African Americans and whites ,it predicted that the South would lose the Civil War ,it had no white characters,B
+622,us_history,Which of the following helped the Pilgrims survive their first year in Plymouth by showing them how to grow crops?,Pocahontas ,Sacagawea ,Squanto ,Powhatan ,Sequoya,C
+623,us_history,Which of the following geographical markings established the boundary between the United States and Spanish Florida in 1795?,The 38th parallel ,Fifty-four/forty ,"Seventy-six degrees longitude, forty degrees latitude ",The 31st parallel ,The Tropic of Cancer,D
+624,us_history,Which of the following most aptly describes Booker T. Washington's belief about the key to social and political equality for African Americans?,Economic independence through training and education ,Protesting against discrimination ,Overthrowing the U.S. government ,Militant opposition to U.S. policies ,Activist religious organizations,A
+625,us_history,During Prohibition people drank alcohol at places called,back-room pubs ,bathtub gin mills ,stills ,speakeasies ,fraternity clubs,D
+626,us_history,"Which of the following congressional actions gave the president authority to take ""all necessary meas ures to repel any attack against forces of the United States""?",The Bursum Bill ,The Dawes Act ,The Tonkin Gulf Resolution ,The Smoot-Hawley Tariff ,The War Powers Act,C
+627,us_history,Sitting Bull was an important spiritual leader of the,Apache ,Comanche ,Navajo ,Sioux ,Creek,D
+628,us_history,Shays' Rebellion in 1786 is significant because it,gave the U.S. militia a chance to demonstrate its efficiency ,raised doubts about the ability of a decentral ized government to deal with civil unrest ,opened the door to westward expansion ,united farmers against Native Americans ,allowed former Revolutionary War officers to take up arms again,B
+629,us_history,All the following were major crops in the antebellum South EXCEPT:,cotton ,tobacco ,maple syrup ,rice ,sugarcane,C
+630,us_history,"Nearly 600,000 U.S. lives were claimed in 1918-1919 by",an epidemic of influenza ,World War I ,an outbreak of polio ,violent labor strikes ,border violence with Mexico,A
+631,us_history,"President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger shared a belief in ""realpolitik,"" which is best described as",a realistic belief in the ideal of democracy over any other interests ,a foreign policy that puts human rights first ,a foreign policy patterned after that of Germany ,diplomacy guided by the writings of Immanuel Kant ,a foreign policy guided by national interests rather than ideals,E
+632,us_history,"Which of the following was the first major farmers' organization, founded in 1867?",The 4-H Club ,The National Grange ,The Alliance ,The American Federation of Labor ,FarmAid,B
+633,us_history,Which of the following was a severe low point for the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War?,The siege of Boston ,The Battle of Brandywine ,The Battle of Trenton ,The winter at Valley Forge ,The surrender at Yorktown,D
+634,us_history,Balboa's sighting of the Pacific Ocean and Magellan's voyage around the tip of South America motivated other European explorers to seek which of the following?,A land route to India ,Spanish permission to sail the Pacific ,A caravan route to the Indies ,A Northwest Passage to the Pacific and Asia ,The Middle Passage to the Americas,D
+635,us_history,Which of the following five Republicans who ran for president in 1824 won the election?,William Crawford of Georgia ,John C. Calhoun of South Carolina ,John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts ,Henry Clay of Kentucky ,Andrew Jackson of Tennessee,C
+636,us_history,"During President Theodore Roosevelt's administra tion, the federal government first began making dam aged land productive again in a process called",reclamation ,rejuvenation ,progressivism ,conservation ,preservation,A
+637,us_history,Which of the following generals did President Harry S. Truman fire for interfering with peace negotia tions with Korea?,Dwight D. Eisenhower ,Omar Bradley ,Douglas MacArthur ,James Stewart ,Mark Clark,C
+638,us_history,A second Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s was generated by innovations in which industries?,Automobile and railroad ,Steel and oil refining ,Telephone and telegraph ,Advertising and radio ,Agriculture and livestock,B
+639,us_history,The Twenty-Third Amendment gave residents of the District of Columbia,exemption from the income tax ,the right to sue the federal government ,the right to vote in presidential elections ,exemption from property taxes ,the right to elect their own Congress,C
+640,us_history,The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut of 1639 can be described as which of the following?,A set of strict religious guidelines ,Precepts of the Puritans ,A royal charter that established a hierarchy of authority ,A peace treaty with the local Native Americans ,The first written constitution in the colonies,E
+641,us_history,Which of the following names the typical shelters built by the first white settlers on the Great Plains?,Adobe houses ,Tepees ,Sod houses ,Log cabins ,Prairie schooners,C
+642,us_history,Which of the following explains the original purpose of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?,To force poor people to deposit their income tax returns ,To force employers to insure workers against injury ,To insure corporations exploring for mineral deposits ,"To insure bank deposits up to $5,000 ",To protect banks against securities fraud,D
+643,us_history,"The attack launched by North Vietnamese troops on January 30, 1968, is called the Tet Offensive because","January 30 is Tet, the Vietnamese New Year ",Tet is the province where fighting was launched ,General Tet and his staff advisors planned the attack ,the fighting began with the troops crossed the Tet River ,Tet was a Vietnamese code name for the operation,A
+644,us_history,Which of the following describes the most popular form of stage entertainment during the late 1800s?,Opera ,Ballet ,Vaudeville ,Musical comedy ,Tableaux,C
+645,us_history,Which of the following describes General William T. Sherman's strategy of total war against the Confederacy?,Using both navy and army troops ,Employing all the troops all the time ,Destroying everything that would allow the Confederacy to keep fighting ,Killing all enemies rather than taking them prisoner ,Enlisting civilians to fight,C
+646,us_history,The power of the courts to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional was established in the landmark Supreme Court case,Roe v. Wade ,Marbury v. Madison ,McCulloch v. Maryland ,Plessy v. Ferguson ,Dred Scott v. Sandford,B
+647,us_history,The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 includes all the following EXCEPT:,prohibition of discrimination in employment against qualified individuals with disabilities ,requirement of access for the physically dis abled to all public buildings ,prohibition of discrimination against the men tally handicapped in transportation ,guarantee of fair and easy access to telephone services ,guarantee of scholarship opportunities for peo ple with learning disabilities,E
+648,us_history,Madame C. J. Walker became a millionaire in the early 1900s by marketing,canned peas and greens ,Walker's sweet potato pies ,a bottled tonic for digestion ,a hair-conditioning treatment for African American women ,the Walker bicycle for girls,D
+649,us_history,The Pilgrims were called Separatists because they had broken with,the king of England ,the Catholics ,the Anglican Church ,the New England Way ,the Jamestown Colony,C
+650,us_history,The discovery of the New World resulted from the desire of many Europeans to,establish a place where they could practice their religion freely.,find an all-water route to the East.,end the practice of primogeniture.,spread Christianity around the world.,uplift and civilize other peoples of the world.,B
+651,us_history,Which event was the most important cause of the Nullification Crisis?,The passage of the Force Act under Andrew Jackson,The debates between Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster,The Treaty of Ghent after the War of 1812,The passage of the Compromise Tariff of 1833,The passage of the 1828 Tariff of Abominations,E
+652,us_history,Why did Stephen Douglas support the idea of Popular Sovereignty when designing the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?,"It guaranteed that ""free soilers"" could exclude slavery from Kansas and Nebraska.",It was outlined in the Constitution as a method for creating new states.,It guaranteed that pro-slavery settlers could expand slavery in Kansas.,It seemed a fair way to resolve a difficult controversy.,It let the Congress decide on slavery in the territories.,D
+653,us_history,Which of the following developments is NOT associated with the Gilded Age?,Relations between workers and owners became increasingly contentious.,"African Americans' migration to industrial cities led to ""white flight.""",New inventions made communication between cities easier.,Many industries came to be dominated by a small number of large companies.,Corruption in politics became more public and widespread.,B
+654,us_history,The publication of The Jungle contributed to rapid passage of the,Interstate Commerce Act.,Wade-Davis Bill.,Pure Food and Drug Act.,15th Amendment.,Clayton Antitrust Act.,C
+655,us_history,A philosophical basis of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was the,philosophy of Herbert Hoover.,practice of laissez-faire by the government.,"combination of relief, recovery, and reform.",idea that wars end depression.,importance of gaining the approval of Congress before he established his programs.,C
+656,us_history,"In response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the United States",issued a document refusing to recognize Japanese actions as legitimate.,called a special session of the League of Nations.,sent General MacArthur to command U.S. forces in the Pacific.,engaged in a policy of watchful waiting.,"sent the Panay, a naval vessel, to the coast of Japan.",A
+657,us_history,"During the years of Lyndon Johnson's presidency, all of the following were enacted EXCEPT",Medicare.,Medicaid.,the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.,the Constitutional Amendment eliminating the poll tax.,the Alliance for Progress.,E
+658,us_history,For which of the following ideas in the 1970s was Gloria Steinem most noted?,"Sex has political aspects, which can be seen in literary works by writers such as D. H. Lawrence and Norman Mailer.",Women should convince men to help with the housework.,Blacks and whites should have equality in the workplace.,Women should have equal rights with men.,The use of pesticides was harming the environment.,D
+659,us_history,An example of the change in U.S. policy toward Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War was best demonstrated by,increased aid given to North Vietnam by George H. W. Bush.,trade restrictions placed on Vietnam by George W. Bush.,recognition of the Vietnamese government by Richard Nixon.,criticism of Vietnam for its human rights violations by Jimmy Carter.,visits and trade talks conducted by Bill Clinton with Vietnamese leaders.,E
+660,us_history,The New England colonists seemed to thrive in the early years of colonization as compared to the Southern colonists. The longer life spans and the overall growth of the population in New England have been attributed to the,participation of New Englanders in transatlantic trade.,lack of slavery and indentured servitude in New England.,strong religious beliefs and the family units with which they traveled to the New World.,larger number of single men in the New England colonies.,temperate climate of New England.,C
+661,us_history,The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was significant because it,ended British control of the Ohio Valley.,prohibited the extension of slavery into the Northwest Territory.,prevented slavery north of the 36° 30' north latitude line.,secured peaceful relations between the colonists and the Native Americans.,settled a dispute over the location of the boundary between Canada and the United States.,B
+662,us_history,"In the 1829 Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker called for",the gradual abolition of slavery.,a return to Africa for all African Americans.,"the immediate abolition of slavery and, if necessary, for slaves to kill their masters.",slaves to wait until the time was right to ask the U.S. government for emancipation.,a separate state for freed people to live in.,C
+663,us_history,Which of the following is an important reason the South lost the Civil War?,The South did not have enough guns to prevent the Union from overpowering it.,"Slaves ran away, so there were fewer and fewer hands to do the work on the home front.","The Union generals were better military men, so they continually out-maneuvered the Southern forces.",The South was unable to ship any cotton because the Union blockade was so effective.,The issues of slavery and states rights were not important to the majority of Southerners.,B
+665,us_history,One reason Woodrow Wilson was able to win the presidency in 1912 was that,Americans rallied around him during World War I.,a majority of African Americans voted for the Democratic Party.,Wilson's humble origins endeared him to working-class Americans.,there was a major split in the Republican Party.,his opponent died two weeks before the election.,D
+666,us_history,Which of the following best describes the differences that existed between the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s?,"The AFL had a huge membership, while the CIO never developed a mass following.","The AFL had its strength east of the Mississippi River, while the CIO was strongest west of the Mississippi.","The AFL was more cautious in its approach to conflicts with management, while the CIO was willing to use more militant tactics, such as the sit-down strike.","The AFL was actually a coalition of ""company unions,"" organized by management to placate worker resentment, while the CIO was composed of actual worker organizations.","The AFL was dominated by Communist Party members, while the CIO, fearing government reprisals, excluded Communists from leadership positions.",C
+667,us_history,"In the ""Letter from Birmingham Jail,"" Martin Luther King Jr. discussed the ""strangely irrational notion that there is something in the flow of time that inevitably cures all ills. We must come to see that human progress never rolls on the wheels of inevitability."" Which of the following represents the main idea of the above excerpt?",Nonviolence is the key to success for the civil rights movement.,The white moderates are obstacles to our victory.,We must act now.,Injustice must be eradicated everywhere.,Breaking unjust laws is justified.,C
+668,us_history,The women's movement that emerged in the 1970s was called the second wave of feminism because it,took its name from the title of a book by Simone de Beauvoir.,built on the women's movement of the 19th century.,built on the women's movement of the 1930s.,took inspiration from the women's movement in Europe.,took its name from the title of a book by Kate Millett.,B
+669,us_history,"Ronald Reagan was called the ""Teflon president"" because he",was the Great Communicator.,told the truth without embellishment.,always had everything under control.,was never held responsible for the failures of his administration.,did not need special handling.,D
+670,us_history,Rhode Island and the Massachusetts Bay Colony differed in that Rhode Island,was a theocracy.,was a royal colony.,lacked religious freedom.,practiced a policy of separation of church and state.,was located in New England.,D
+671,us_history,The First and Second Great Awakenings were similar in that both,made use of revivals to attempt to convert the sinful.,enforced the Puritan use of incense.,encouraged long periods of silence during services so that the congregation felt the spirit of God.,were purely American phenomena.,employed deistic approaches to religious belief.,A
+672,us_history,The implied powers clause of the U.S. Constitution was used to justify the,suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.,addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution in 1791.,signing of Jay's Treaty with England in 1794.,passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789.,establishment of the Bank of the United States in 1791.,E
+673,us_history,"The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are similar in that all three",extended voting to different groups in the United States.,were ratified during the Civil War.,expanded the rights of African Americans.,were ratified despite opposition from the Republican Party.,protected the rights of property holders.,C
+675,us_history,"Wilson's idea of a ""peace without victory"" failed to become a reality in the Treaty of Versailles because",the Triple Alliance was totally responsible for the events leading to World War I.,England and France wanted Germany to pay for starting the war.,Wilson failed to pursue his ideas actively during the negotiations for the treaty.,the League of Nations was not established.,Germany refused to take part in the negotiations.,B
+676,us_history,The use of the atomic bomb by the United States in 1945 was significant in that it,hastened the end of World War II.,caused the defeat of Harry Truman in the election of 1948.,led to the formation of the United Nations.,ushered in the computer age.,was the direct cause of the Cold War.,A
+677,us_history,"Which of the following is a central argument of the 1958 book, The Affluent Society, by John Kenneth Galbraith?",The key to economic growth is government noninterference in the economy.,A small group of wealthy and influential Americans had managed to gain control of both the economy and the government.,A Soviet-style command economy would best meet the needs of the majority of Americans.,The United States should reinvigorate its agricultural sector with heavy subsidies to farmers and high tariffs on imported agricultural products.,American society was ignoring social goods in the pursuit of private material gain.,E
+678,us_history,All of the following Cold War ideas involved Europe EXCEPT,the Truman Doctrine.,the domino theory.,Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD).,containment.,détente.,B
+679,us_history,The election of Barack Obama as president was significant for all of these reasons EXCEPT that,he was the first African American ever elected.,he was the youngest president ever elected.,he was the first senator to win an election since John F. Kennedy.,he was the first candidate to utilize the full power of the Internet.,it was the first time a sitting senator had defeated another sitting senator.,B
+680,us_history,"As a result of the French and Indian War, the American colonists developed a",hostile attitude toward the Indians.,greater sense of self-confidence.,greater respect for the British.,desire to create a strong army.,desire to ally with Spain.,B
+681,us_history,The beginnings of a uniquely American culture in the 1700s were seen in,the success of the American generals who fought in the French and Indian War.,John Locke's views regarding human rights.,the development of the belief in transcendentalism.,the works of artists and poets like John Trumbull and Phillis Wheatley.,"the writing of the ""Star-Spangled Banner"" by Francis Scott Key.",D
+682,us_history,The constitutionality of the Bank of the United States was upheld in the Supreme Court decision in the case of,McCulloch v. Maryland.,Marbury v. Madison.,Plessy v. Ferguson.,Dred Scott v. Sanford.,Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.,A
+684,us_history,An unintended consequence of the implementation of the 1862 Homestead Act was that,very few people volunteered to participate in the program.,much of the land that was intended for homesteading ended up in the hands of large agricultural firms.,the land that was involved in the program was incapable of producing crops.,the homesteaders often had clashes with Native Americans.,corrupt politicians sold the best land to speculators.,B
+685,us_history,Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were similar in that both were,muckraking journalists who wrote articles that exposed government corruption.,moralizing commentators who chastised the public for their vices.,anti-imperialist editorial writers who pushed the United States in an isolationist direction.,"publishers who owned newspapers, which sensationalized accounts of events.",writers of non-English newspapers that appealed to recently arrived immigrants.,D
+686,us_history,"There were protests against the ""Palmer Raids"" of the late 1910s and early 1920s on the grounds that they",blurred the separation of church and state.,discriminated against women.,violated protections against unwarranted search and seizure.,discriminated against African Americans.,failed to protect the rights of Native Americans.,C
+687,us_history,Which of the following was the reason the Supreme Court decided that prayers could not be required in public schools?,Church membership had declined.,Atheism had spread throughout American society.,Prayer in public schools violated the 1st Amendment.,Prayer in public schools would lead to a renewal of religious tests for public office.,Americans no longer considered prayer to be important in their lives.,C
+688,us_history,The main purpose of the Free Speech Movement of 1964 was to,make unions more democratic and give workers more power.,support the American Civil Liberties Union.,remove the censorship from rock-and-roll lyrics.,change radio programming.,allow college students to support civil rights and political causes.,E
+689,us_history,The high gasoline prices that occurred during the administration of Jimmy Carter caused,deflation because the value of the dollar was falling.,inflation because prices were rising and the value of the dollar was falling.,depression because the bottom fell out of the stock market.,stagnation because employment was so high.,a rise in the value of the dollar because the prices were so high.,B
+690,us_history,"The fact that Spain, rather than its rival, Portugal, was the dominant power in the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries was largely the result of the",fact that Spanish ships were faster than Portuguese ships.,large numbers of Spanish settlers who arrived in the New World.,"Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494.",success of Christopher Columbus in the New World.,large treasury that had been accumulated by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.,C
+691,us_history,The creation of the Electoral College and the indirect election of senators demonstrates that the framers of the Constitution were concerned with the,effects of a strong central government.,problems created by weak state governments.,possibility of corruption in the election process.,excesses of democracy.,need to protect the rights of the majority.,D
+692,us_history,The Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 were similar in that both documents,set guidelines on the number of new states to be established.,admitted new states into the Union.,established public schools in new territories.,provided for the fair treatment of the Native American population.,restricted slavery in areas yet to be admitted as states.,E
+693,us_history,"""The owner fed us regular on good food just like you would a good horse if you had one.""-An escaped slave (explaining why he ran away) This quotation reflects the ex-slave's belief that",the slave owner was a good master.,he should be treated as more than a piece of property.,"if slaves are treated well, they will be happy.",his owner took proper care of his slaves.,he was always satisfied as a slave.,B
+694,us_history,Which of the following quotes comes from Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address of March 1861?,A house divided against itself cannot stand.,"Government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.","Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable.",You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.,With malice toward none and charity for all.,D
+695,us_history,"Most of the prominent labor battles of the late 19th century, such as the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Pullman Strike of 1894, occurred in the aftermath of",government recognition of workers' right to organize unions.,deadly accidents.,production speedups.,wage cuts.,the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).,D
+696,us_history,"After Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Philippines",became an independent republic with a democratic constitution.,"ceased to exist as a political entity, becoming a string of independent islands.",fought against the United States to gain independence but became a U.S. colony.,stayed within the strategic orbit of Spain.,became the first satellite nation of the Soviet Union.,C
+697,us_history,Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois differed in their approaches to addressing discrimination against African Americans. Which statement below best represents Washington's position?,"Since racial integration is not possible in the United States, African Americans should go back to Africa.","The best way for African Americans to improve their position in society is to gain vocational training to obtain jobs in agriculture, crafts, and manufacturing.",African Americans should engage in nonviolent civil disobedience to put pressure on the federal government to end discriminatory practices.,"African Americans should pursue equality 'by any means necessary,' including violence in self-defense.",African Americans could best achieve their goals by running candidates for public office to vote out those who discriminate against them in state and federal government.,B
+698,us_history,"President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs, which were designed to end the Great Depression,",were overwhelmingly effective in ending unemployment.,had a limited effect on ending the Depression.,led the United States into World War II.,were strongly supported by the Supreme Court.,led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.,B
+699,us_history,The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Roe v. Wade was based on,freedom of the press.,the right of habeas corpus.,executive privilege.,the right to privacy.,eminent domain.,D
+700,us_history,The adoption of the Barbados Slave Codes by South Carolina in 1696 resulted in,an increased number of indentured servants.,the development of the abolition movement in the North.,"the development of chattel slavery in the colonies, which centered on race.",Bacon's Rebellion.,the development of a paternalistic view of slavery in South Carolina.,C
+701,us_history,Which of the following was one of the main legal objections that the colonists made to Parliament in regard to the Stamp Act?,It taxed too many items used by the colonists in their daily lives.,It constituted an attempt to coerce the colonists to obey the crown.,It was a direct tax on the colonists.,It restricted colonial trade.,It placed extremely high taxes on colonial goods.,C
+702,us_history,President Washington's actions in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 demonstrated the power of the central government to,suspend habeas corpus in times of extreme danger.,enforce the laws of the land.,prohibit the sale and consumption of liquor.,control the production of whiskey.,subsidize the production of grain used to make whiskey.,B
+703,us_history,"""Pompey, how do I look?"" ""Mighty massa, mighty."" ""What do you mean mighty, Pompey?"" ""Why massa you look noble."" ""What do you mean by 'noble'?"" ""Why you look just like one lion."" ""Now Pompey, where have you ever seen a lion?"" ""I saw one down in yonder field the other day."" ""Pompey, you foolish fellow, that was a jackass."" ""Was it massa? Well, you look just like him."" Who would be most likely to have related this dialogue to whom?",A slaveholder to his son,A white overseer to his son,A slave mother to her son,A Confederate schoolboy to his friends,A white overseer to another white overseer,C
+704,us_history,President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan called for the former Confederate states to,pass the Civil Rights Act.,support the Freedman's Bureau.,"endorse the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery.",arrest all the men who served in the Confederate government.,guarantee that the freedmen would attain the right to vote.,C
+705,us_history,"During the Gilded Age, the U.S. economy",faltered because industries failed to convert from wartime production to peacetime production after the Civil War.,"grew at a rapid pace, but the gap between the wealthy and poor widened.",was characterized by a growing agricultural sector and a back-to-the-land movement.,suffered because of the nation's overdependence on the slave trade.,was cut off from the world economic system due to high tariffs and isolationist policies.,B
+706,us_history,"""Blue laws,"" supported by the Republican Party in many states during the Gilded Age,",regulated the number of hours children could work.,mandated that producers honestly portray the contents of their products.,provided price supports for struggling farmers.,reformed civil service procedures.,made illegal certain activities that were seen by some as immoral.,E
+707,us_history,Which of the following is NOT a reason for the growth of the Communist Party in the United States in the 1930s?,The Communist Party tapped into many people's doubts about the efficacy of the capitalist system during the Great Depression.,"The Communist Party, as part of its Popular Front strategy, avoided talk of impending revolution and advocated forming alliances with anti-fascist liberals.","The Communist Party's work on behalf of African Americans, as is evident in the Scottsboro case, won it many adherents.",The Communist Party's espionage work on behalf of the Soviet Union created an aura of dedication and audacity.,The large number of Eastern European immigrants who had supported communism back home gravitated toward the Communist Party in the United States.,D
+708,us_history,The most important impetus behind the emergence of the modern Civil Rights Movement was,the founding of the NAACP.,lynchings.,the March on Washington.,the experience of African Americans in World War II.,the Freedom Rides.,D
+709,us_history,"In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower",urged future administrations to avoid entanglements with European powers.,predicted that environmental issues would become more important in the nation's future.,castigated Joseph McCarthy for his excessive zeal.,advocated that the government wage a war on illicit drugs.,warned the nation of the power of the military-industrial complex.,E
+710,us_history,"The French and Indian War, which ended in 1763, greatly affected the American colonists because it",removed the French threat against the colonists.,resulted in the expansion of the colonies east of the Appalachian Mountains.,marked the beginning of the British policy of salutary neglect in the colonies.,removed the Indian threat from the frontier settlements.,marked the end of mercantilism.,A
+711,us_history,Tensions between England and the United States grew between 1790 and 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the,impressment of U.S. seamen into British service.,British incitement to violence of the Indian population on the frontier.,British military occupation in the Ohio Valley.,XYZ Affair.,Americans' continued holding of Loyalists' lands.,D
+712,us_history,The most important result of the development of interchangeable parts in the early 19th century was that it allowed,printers to make newspapers more easily.,farmers to harvest crops more easily.,manufacturers to make their assembly lines more efficient.,children to have safer toys.,coopers to cut staves in their barrels more precisely.,C
+713,us_history,The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following EXCEPT,a strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.,"permission to continue slavery but not slave auctions in Washington, D.C.",resolution of the Texas-New Mexico border dispute.,postponing a decision on the question of slavery in the California territory.,postponing a decision on the question of slavery in the Utah territory.,D
+714,us_history,An important result of the impeachment crisis of 1868 was that,President Andrew Johnson was removed from office.,power shifted in the government from President Andrew Johnson to Congress.,President Andrew Johnson was able to defeat the Radicals' plan for Reconstruction.,impeachment proceedings motivated by political differences became common in subsequent years.,impeachment rules were rewritten to preclude another politically motivated impeachment.,B
+715,us_history,"To remedy problems American farmers faced in the last quarter of the 19th century, the Populist Party advocated a policy of",increasing the amount of currency in circulation.,raising interest rates on bank loans.,raising tariffs to keep foreign agricultural products out of the United States.,helping farmers resettle in urban areas.,curbing inflation.,A
+716,us_history,The reasons for the United States's entry into World War I included the goal of,destroying Germany and its people.,"organizing a ""Great Parade"" for freedom.",protecting U.S. interests in the Far East.,protecting freedom of the seas.,retaliating for the attack on the United States by Japan.,D
+717,us_history,"After World War II, NATO was formed primarily to",assist emerging nations in Asia.,stop the spread of Communism in Europe.,promote democratic reforms in Latin America.,provide economic aid to war-torn nations in Europe.,halt the growth of fascism in southern Africa.,B
+718,us_history,"The 1954, Vietnam peace negotiations in Geneva provided for all of the following EXCEPT",elections in 1956.,the elimination of a French presence in Vietnam.,a U.S. role in the future of Vietnam.,the temporary division of Vietnam into North and South.,political power for the Communist Party in Vietnam.,C
+719,us_history,"In the ""smoking gun"" tape, Richard Nixon discussed the possibility of asking the Central Intelligence Agency to stop the Federal Bureau of Investigation from investigating Watergate matters. In the language of the Articles of Impeachment against Nixon, this charge became",breaking and entering.,taping people without their knowledge.,firing the special prosecutor.,obstruction of justice.,lying to the American people.,D
+720,us_history,"According to John Adams, ""The Revolution was effected before the war commenced."" By this he meant",taxation without representation was the real issue that led to the Revolutionary War in 1776.,"the colonists in America had developed a unique character, independent of Great Britain, before the actual revolution took place.",the American colonists had reached a point in their development in which a separation from England was necessary.,the American Revolution was the result of the American policy of salutary neglect.,the Battle of Lexington and Concord had taken place before the signing of the Declaration of Independence.,B
+721,us_history,"The ""Era of Good Feeling"" can best be characterized as years of",active participation by the United States in world affairs.,economic growth within the United States.,lower tariffs on imported goods.,harmony over the issue of slavery.,political control of the government by the Federalist Party.,B
+722,us_history,"The accusation of a ""corrupt bargain"" in the election of 1824 was significant because",it marked the beginning of the spoils system in the administration of Andrew Jackson.,it was a cross-party agreement between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams.,it led to the overwhelming election of Andrew Jackson in 1828.,John Quincy Adams had a majority of the popular vote but not a majority of the electoral vote.,it led to the political demise of Henry Clay.,C
+723,us_history,"""I stood alone on that wild prairie. Looking westward I saw my husband driving slowly over the plain[.] [T]urning my face once more to the east, my dear sister's footsteps were fast widening the distance between us. For the time I knew not which way to go, nor whom to follow. But in a few moments I rallied my forces … and soon overtook the slowly moving men who were bearing my husband and child over the prairie."" Which of the following statements is NOT true of the above excerpt from the diary of a woman beginning her journey to the West?",It reflects the pioneer spirit.,It describes a conflict between a husband and wife about going west.,It shows how irrationally indecisive some people were.,It describes the fear of going into the unknown.,It shows that the wife ultimately chose her husband and child over her sister.,C
+724,us_history,"The effect of Jim Crow laws, passed by Southern states after the Reconstruction period, was",stricter voting requirements for African Americans.,the loss of citizenship for many African Americans.,separate economies-one run by and for whites and one run by and for African Americans.,a shift in African American loyalties from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.,racial segregation in public facilities.,E
+725,us_history,Why did the Ghost Dance movement thrive among Native Americans in the 1880s?,Many Native Americans believed that it would protect them in conflicts with whites.,It became a popular tourist attraction.,Many Native Americans believed it would end a severe drought.,It was a way for a younger generation of Native Americans to resist the authority of their elders.,Native American culture was finally given respect and recognition in mainstream American culture.,A
+726,us_history,Senator Henry Teller agreed to vote for a declaration of war against Spain in 1898 only on the condition that,Cuba would be granted its independence if the United States defeated Spain.,the United States would give up all claims to overseas possessions.,all of Spain's possessions would become U.S. possessions if the United States won the war.,President McKinley would initiate a progressive domestic agenda.,racially integrated units would be used in the war.,A
+727,us_history,Henry Ford's financial success can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT,using an assembly line to produce an automobile every 93 minutes.,reducing the price of a Model T from $850 to $300.,attracting workers to his work force by paying them $5 per day.,retaining skilled European craftsmen and mechanics at his factories to ensure quality.,"creating efficient work processes, based on the ideas of Frederick Winslow Taylor.",D
+728,us_history,All of the following increased participation in the political process in the 20th century EXCEPT the,"19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote.","17th Amendment, providing for the direct election of U.S. senators.","14th Amendment, granting civil rights to freedmen and women.",Voting Rights Act of 1965.,passage of state referendum acts.,C
+729,us_history,Which of the following organizations advocated carrying guns for self-defense?,Students for a Democratic Society,Congress of Racial Equality,National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,Black Panther Party,Vietnam Day Committee,D
+730,us_history,Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry objected to the proposed Constitution in 1787 because they felt that the Constitution would,undermine the principles for which the Revolutionary War was fought.,create too much democracy.,support slavery.,support states' rights.,create a weak executive.,A
+731,us_history,"I. ""The Kansas-Nebraska Act authorizes the further extension of slavery and we have, do now, and will continue to protest most emphatically against … slavery."" (1854) II.   ""The territories were the common property of the several states. As a joint agent of the states, Congress has no power to deny the citizens of any state the right to take their property into a territory… Therefore slavery is legal in the territories. If Wilmot carries, woe, woe I say to the union."" (1850) III.  ""We beg the slave owners to pause before they proceed further to disturb the peace we had hoped the Compromise of 1850 would have made perpetual."" (1854) Which of the above statement(s) would John C. Calhoun have supported?",I,II,III,I and III,II and III,B
+732,us_history,Which of the following provisions would NOT be found in the various Black Codes passed after the Civil War?,A ban on African Americans carrying weapons,A prohibition on interracial marriages,A requirement that African Americans serve in the state National Guard units for two years,A requirement that African Americans attain a permit if they wished to travel,A ban on African Americans serving on juries,C
+733,us_history,The federal government helped with the building of the transcontinental railroad by,providing the railroad companies with free iron and steel.,organizing a publicly owned railroad company.,raising the tariff to fund the project.,providing the railroad companies with land grants.,setting up the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the project.,D
+734,us_history,"The Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Spanish-American War in 1898, contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT that",Spain cede Puerto Rico to the United States.,Spain cede the Hawaiian Islands to the United States.,the United States agree to pay $20 million to Spain for the Philippines.,Guam become a U.S. territory.,Cuba be granted its independence.,B
+735,us_history,Which of the following was a reason the Democratic Party failed to win the presidency in the 1920s?,Its opposition to Jim Crow laws alienated Southern voters.,Internal splits existed between urban moderates and rural conservatives.,It had opposed U.S. involvement in World War I.,Voters saw the party as responsible for the Great Depression.,Voters perceived that the party was overly friendly to big business.,B
+736,us_history,"Herbert Hoover's idea of ""rugged individualism"" suggested that",people were able to survive hard times through their inner strength and resources.,the government should give direct aid to the people in hard times.,all of the basic needs of the people are the sole responsibility of the government.,difficult times called for exceptional individuals to exercise power.,the government and the people are partners who must share equal responsibility for the well-being of the populace.,A
+737,us_history,The U.S. government allocated massive sums of money to math and science the 1950s in response to which of the following?,The Soviet Union landing men on the moon,Fidel Castro coming to power in Cuba,The Soviet Union developing the world's first hydrogen bomb,The Soviet satellite Sputnik successfully orbiting the earth,The United States failing to produce a Nobel Prize winner in science,D
+738,us_history,Which chief justice of the Supreme Court was said to be the leader of a very activist court?,William Rehnquist,Earl Warren,Felix Frankfurter,Roger Taney,Warren Burger,B
+739,us_history,The New Right of the 1990s could best be described as,a group of conservative Democrats who sought to move their party away from its liberal agenda.,a liberal reaction to the conservative direction of the Democratic Party.,popular support for President Clinton's welfare reform policies.,an ultraconservative group within the Republican Party that gained control of Congress in 1994.,a group of Richard Nixon Republicans who opposed the impeachment of President Clinton.,D
+740,us_history,The British settled in North America in the 17th century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT,primogeniture laws prevented some young men from acquiring wealth in England.,"there was an increase in the population of England, which caused severe economic hardship.",the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 created a spirit of nationalism in England and weakened Spanish influence in North America.,educated Englishmen wanted to create a democracy that would serve as an example for other nations.,a depression in the woolen industry left England with high unemployment.,D
+741,us_history,The period from 1781 to 1787 is often called the Critical Period because,the United States lacked strong leaders.,the Articles of Confederation had created a weak government that threatened the continued existence of the United States.,the British presence in the United States remained a powerful force that threatened the country.,"French Huguenots had moved into the Ohio Valley, threatening American settlements there.","of continuous attacks by Native Americans on western settlements, slowing westward expansion.",B
+742,us_history,"One of the events that led Kansas to be called ""Bleeding Kansas"" in 1856 was","the fight by the free African American, Shadrach, against men enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law.",the sack of Lawrence by pro-slavery men.,John Brown's storming of a federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry.,the Fugitive Slave Law's effect on the carrying out of popular sovereignty.,the growth of the Second Great Awakening revival movement in the Burned-Over District.,B
+744,us_history,The development of barbed wire in the second half of the 19th century was most significant in the history of the West because it,was used along railroad tracks to prevent animals from going onto the tracks.,"enclosed Native American reservations, preventing mingling between Native Americans and whites.","enabled farmers to enclose their land, thus preventing cowboys from taking cattle on long runs.",allowed prospectors to protect their strikes from competitors.,was used to build a fence between Mexico and the United States to prevent illegal immigration into the United States.,C
+745,us_history,John Dewey and other progressive educators of the early 20th century argued that the main function of education should be to,create a future generation of mathematicians and scientists.,prevent children from getting into mischief on the streets.,teach children the importance of rote memory.,"instill in children a respect for God, country, and family.",impart to the young the skills needed to participate in democracy.,E
+746,us_history,The novel It Can't Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis,warned Americans in the 1920s that excessive buying on credit could lead to an economic crisis.,described what the United States would look like if communists led a successful revolution in the 1950s.,imagined a fascist takeover in the United States in the 1930s.,addressed the danger of nuclear war in the 1960s.,woke Californians up in the 1970s to the dangers of a devastating earthquake.,C
+747,us_history,"In public, Truman justified his decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 by arguing that",these cities were industrial centers that helped the Japanese war effort.,these cities were relatively sparsely populated.,it would prevent the Soviet Union from attempting to seize land in Asia.,American strength would increase in Asia.,the American people were war-weary.,A
+748,us_history,Which of the following was least likely to provoke a direct military confrontation between the United States and the USSR?,The Berlin Airlift of 1948,The Cuban missile crisis of 1962,The Soviet suppression of the Hungarian revolt in 1956,The construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961,The Korean War of 1950 to 1953,E
+749,us_history,The Kerner Commission published a report concerning violence in America which stated that,immigrants were the source of conflict and should be barred from entry into the United States.,unions should be made illegal because they had been infiltrated by the Communist Party.,"violence is caused by young people, and when the population got older after the baby boom, the level of violence would go down.",the death penalty would deter the high levels of violence against police officers.,the main cause of the urban riots of the 1960s was the economic and social gulf between races.,E
+750,us_history,Slavery and indentured servitude in colonial America differed in that most indentured servants,were promised great financial compensation for their service.,were coerced into service.,received land after completion of their terms of indenture.,came voluntarily.,were considered members of their master's family.,D
+751,us_history,"In addition to improving the credit of the United States, Alexander Hamilton's financial program, approved by Congress in 1791,",increased the power of the states.,strengthened the political power of the common people.,increased the power of the presidency.,created support for the success and growth of the United States.,decreased the political differences between the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party.,D
+752,us_history,Jefferson acted more like a Federalist than a Democratic-Republican when he,voted to establish the Bank of the United States.,purchased the Louisiana Territory.,commissioned Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.,wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions along with James Madison.,supported the idea of nullification.,B
+753,us_history,"At the beginning of the Mexican War in 1846, when ""American blood was spilled on American soil,"" General Zachary Taylor and his troops were",in California waiting for the Mexicans to sell the Texas Territory.,north of the Rio Grande River in territory claimed by both Mexico and the United States.,"in New Mexico marching toward Texas, attempting to resolve the border dispute between Texas and New Mexico.",on a ship sailing toward Texas.,in the Utah Territory at President Polk's request.,B
+754,us_history,"In the Platt Amendment, incorporated into Cuba's 1901 constitution, Cuba promised to do all of the following EXCEPT",allow the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.,set aside revenue to pay off debts to the United States.,refrain from signing treaties detrimental to U.S. interests.,provide land for American bases.,grant the United States exclusive trading privileges in Cuba.,E
+755,us_history,The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in all of the following EXCEPT,U.S. entry into World War II.,hostility toward Japanese people in the United States.,women entering the workforce in large numbers in the United States.,an end to segregation in the armed forces.,an end to the Great Depression.,D
+756,us_history,"Although Congress had not declared war, President Truman sent U.S. armed forces to aid South Korea-an action he believed the he was empowered to take based on",powers granted presidents in the United Nations Charter.,a joint resolution of Congress.,a constitutional power of the presidency.,a special U.S. treaty with South Korea.,the U.S. commitment under the NATO agreement.,C
+757,us_history,What major consequence occurred as a result of the break-in at the Watergate Hotel?,The New York Times began publishing the Pentagon Papers.,President Reagan had to discuss the diversion of money to the Contras.,President Nixon resigned.,The truth about the Gulf of Tonkin Incident was revealed.,"The October Surprise was revealed, and Carter's efforts to free the hostages in Iran were given new respect.",C
+758,us_history,The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was defeated because,Congress would not pass it.,it was held to be unconstitutional.,not enough state legislatures passed it.,Betty Friedan opposed it.,Richard Nixon vetoed it.,C
+759,us_history,President Clinton's position on gun control and law enforcement was reflected in his,support for the Contract with America.,appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court.,approval of the Dayton Accords.,signing of the Brady Bill.,support from the National Rifle Association.,D
+760,us_history,All of the following statements represent ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence EXCEPT,governments derive their power to rule from the consent of the governed.,people have the right to overthrow a government that does not fulfill the will of the people.,people have the unalienable right to own property.,all men are created equal.,George III has committed egregious acts against the colonies.,C
+761,us_history,"To gain Thomas Jefferson's support for the assumption of state debts by the national government, Alexander Hamilton agreed to",modify his financial program.,the placement of the capital of the United States on the Potomac River.,support Jefferson's election in 1800.,help negotiate a peace treaty with England.,withdraw his support for excise taxes on goods made in the United States.,B
+762,us_history,"The concept of ""redemption"" in the politics of the post-Civil War period refers to",a religious awakening among Northerners in regard to the evils of racism.,washing away the sins of the South's illegal rebellion.,the physical rebuilding of the infrastructure of the South following the Civil War.,atoning for the fraternal violence of the Civil War.,white Southerners retaking power in the South following Reconstruction.,E
+763,us_history,President McKinley publicly justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on the grounds that,the United States had a responsibility to uplift the Filipinos.,a plebiscite indicated Filipino preference for U.S. rule.,a failure to do so would open the way for a Marxist regime.,the Philippines were spoils of the Spanish-American War.,America needed raw materials from the Philippines.,A
+764,us_history,"The Hepburn Act, pushed through Congress by President Theodore Roosevelt, was significant in that it",strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission.,created the U.S. Forest Service.,empowered the Department of Agriculture to inspect meat.,strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act.,made child labor illegal.,A
+765,us_history,"An important effect of the increase of open shops and ""company unions"" in the 1920s was",a weakening of the agricultural sector of the economy.,an increase in the purchasing power of workers.,a strengthening of the Democratic Party.,a weakening of the labor movement.,improved working conditions.,D
+766,us_history,"To make America ""the Great Society"" was a pronouncement concerning",Richard Nixon's ideas on federalism.,John F. Kennedy's initiatives on civil rights.,Gerald Ford's fight against inflation.,Lyndon B. Johnson's plan to fight poverty.,Jimmy Carter's goals concerning education.,D
+767,us_history,The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was dominated by issues involving Vietnam after he,coined the phrase domino theory and sent advisers to South Vietnam.,pledged to support French forces in Vietnam.,signed the Geneva Accords.,Vietnamized the war.,proposed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution.,E
+768,us_history,"The economic condition of ""stagflation"" of the early 1970s can best be described as",deflation and low productivity.,high productivity and high prices.,high inflation and high unemployment.,high prices and low productivity.,low prices and high productivity.,C
+769,us_history,The Iran Hostage Crisis of 1979-1981,reflected resentment of the U.S. support of the shah of Iran.,aided Jimmy Carter's bid for re-election in 1980.,increased American prestige.,heightened Cold War tensions.,caused a global oil crisis.,A
+770,us_history,A provision of the charter issued by the British government for the establishment of the colony of Virginia was that,full rights of English citizenship would be extended to English settlers.,Virginia would enjoy complete autonomy under the policy of salutary neglect.,"Virginia would choose the location of its seat of government, not England.",Virginia would be under the strict control of the royal governor.,"Virginia would establish its own form of government, independent of the British crown.",A
+771,us_history,"In response to colonial actions to protest British policies after the French and Indian War, the British government did all of the following EXCEPT",repeal the Stamp Act.,reaffirm its right to legislate for the colonies.,sign a nonimportation agreement.,order the quartering of troops in the colonies.,pass the Intolerable Acts.,C
+772,us_history,Who most strongly opposed colonization of free blacks in Liberia in the 19th century?,Henry Clay,Daniel Webster,James Monroe,Marcus Garvey,David Walker,E
+773,us_history,"In the years between the Civil War and 1900, the South",developed an extensive railroad network.,remained primarily agricultural with a few pockets of industry.,became economically independent from the rest of the United States.,encouraged higher tariffs to prevent foreign cotton from coming into the country.,experienced the same economic progress as did the North.,B
+774,us_history,"In the early 20th century, the Progressive movement advocated reform in all of the following areas EXCEPT",the power of trusts.,conditions for factory workers.,political corruption.,segregation of the races in public facilities.,problems of democratic participation.,D
+776,us_history,"To protect citizens from bank failures, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress established the",National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).,Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).,Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).,Social Security Administration.,Federal Reserve System.,C
+777,us_history,Which of the following statements is true of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964?,It passed both the Senate and the House without any dissenting votes.,It contributed to President Johnson's slim margin of victory in the 1964 election.,It was a declaration of war that Congress passed after much debate.,"In retrospect, it is clear that the resolution was justified by clear evidence of North Vietnamese aggression.","It gave President Johnson a ""blank check"" to retaliate against the North Vietnamese.",E
+779,us_history,"The Weathermen, who were in the news in the 1960s and early 1970s, were",radical black nationalists who believed in power to the black people.,radical terrorists who opposed the Vietnam War.,environmental activists who opposed the pollution caused by automobiles.,a rock-and-roll group who were precursors to punk rock and heavy metal groups.,a commune that called for love and peace and living in the outdoors.,B
+780,us_history,Key components of Henry Clay's American System included,a strict interpretation of the Constitution and rapid western expansion.,a high protective tariff and internal improvements.,the development of Southern industry and Northern agriculture.,the elimination of export taxes and of the international slave trade.,exclusive government ownership of canals and the national bank.,B
+781,us_history,Which of the following is NOT true of John Quincy Adams?,He was the only president to serve in the House of Representatives after he left the presidency.,He was an ardent opponent of the Gag Rule.,He supported scientific research.,He was the only son of a president to attain the presidency himself.,He argued for the freedom of the slaves on the ship Amistad.,D
+782,us_history,"In his debates against Senator Stephen Douglas in 1858, Abraham Lincoln held the position that slavery",should be abolished in the whole United States.,should be abolished immediately in the South.,should be abolished in California.,should not spread to the western territories.,was not an important question.,D
+783,us_history,President Lincoln's ideas about Reconstruction were based on the theory that the Confederate states,should be treated as conquered territories.,could be admitted to the Union only by Congress.,had never actually left the Union.,must grant full equality to all people.,should be barred indefinitely from being part of the United States.,C
+784,us_history,"In his futuristic novel, Looking Backward 2000-1887, published in 1888, Edward Bellamy",described a world in which the United States exercised unrivaled naval power.,scolded the South for enacting Jim Crow laws and tolerating the lynching of African Americans.,imagined a world in which socialism and harmony replaced the antagonisms of the Gilded Age.,discussed the potential benefits of having a single tax on unimproved lands.,warned readers about the dangers of totalitarian regimes.,C
+785,us_history,"The ""Turner Thesis,"" put forward by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in the 1890s, held that",Darwin's ideas about the natural world could be applied to human communities.,"America, if it hoped to compete with European powers, must build up its navy and acquire overseas colonies.","it was the ""manifest destiny"" of the United States to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.","the frontier experience had produced a practical, self-reliant people who valued individualism and freedom.",slavery had developed an excessively negative reputation and that African Americans had been better off under slavery than living in the Jim Crow South.,D
+786,us_history,What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?,Elimination of communism,"Implementation of the ""Domino Theory""",Containment of communism,Reconstruction of Western Europe after World War II,Assistance to British colonies in Africa,C
+787,us_history,The Sarbanes-Oxley Act,allowed law enforcement authorities to check personal records without a search warrant.,forbade U.S. military personnel from torturing prisoners at Abu Ghraib.,allowed for the construction of a fence along the U.S.-Mexico border.,created the Troubled Asset Relief Program.,established strict procedures to prevent accounting fraud.,E
+788,us_history,All of the following influenced the hippies of the 1960s EXCEPT,Gregory Corso's poetry.,Rachel Carson's warning about the environment.,Timothy Leary's ideas on drugs.,Allen Ginsberg's poetry and ideas.,Phyllis Schlafly's ideas on women.,E
+789,us_history,Which of the following was a result of George H. W. Bush's reversal of his pledge not to raise taxes?,The country went into severe recession.,"He said the country had finally ""kicked the Vietnam syndrome.""",Inflation became the main problem of the 1990s.,He lost the support of the core of Republican loyalists.,He was able to finance the invasion of Panama without endangering the economy.,D
+791,us_history,Which of the following statements about the Louisiana Purchase is correct?,It expelled the British from North America.,It contributed to peace with the Native Americans of the Ohio Valley.,It demonstrated President Jefferson's willingness to negotiate with the King of Spain.,It doubled the size of the United States.,It was an unconstitutional act committed by President Jefferson and Congress.,D
+792,us_history,"The term manifest destiny, used in 1846 by newspaper editor John L. O'Sullivan, could best be described as a policy that would",bring democracy to the West and expand the territory of the United States.,remove the French from Oregon.,increase immigration from Europe.,push the Spanish out of Texas.,protect Indian culture.,A
+793,us_history,All of the following statements about African American troops in the Civil War are true EXCEPT,they fought on the front lines in battles.,they received pay equal to that of the white troops throughout the war.,they were always under the command of white officers.,"many of them were runaway slaves, who were called ""contraband"" by Lincoln.",they often served as workers in the rear of battles.,B
+794,us_history,The event that brought the issue of civil service reform to the fore during the Gilded Age was,the Credit Mobilier scandal.,a report in McClure's magazine chronicling the extent of the patronage system.,a series of pointed cartoons by Thomas Nast.,the assassination of President Garfield.,the large number of civil servants fired by Democratic President Cleveland when he assumed office.,D
+795,us_history,Willa Cather's My ?ntonia and Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are similar in that both,showed the effects of slavery and racism on American society.,focused on the difficulties of immigrants in adjusting to American life.,presented the culture and customs of particular regions of the United States.,failed to gain popular acclaim in their authors' lifetimes.,alerted Americans to the wretched conditions in the factories.,C
+796,us_history,The event that immediately precipitated the Spanish-American War was,the nationalization of U.S. sugar plantations by Spain.,the murder of Cuban nationalist leader José Marti.,the sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in the Havana harbor.,a dispute involving the border between Mexico and the United States.,Spain's refusal to allow the United States to build a canal through Panama.,C
+797,us_history,The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was an attempt to increase farm prices by,restricting farm production through voluntary cooperation by farmers.,increasing farm production to meet growing demand.,reducing farm production by paying farmers to plant fewer crops.,lowering the tariffs to increase the sale of agricultural products abroad.,teaching farmers industrial skills so that they could leave the land.,C
+798,us_history,Which of the following is TRUE about both the American Revolution and the Vietnam War?,The United States was victorious in both wars.,Both were essentially wars against domination by an overseas power.,Both were civil wars between North and South.,Both the United States in 1779 and South Vietnam in 1972 received military support from France.,Both were traditional wars fought by traditional armies.,B
+799,us_history,Which statement explains why gay rights organizations opposed the policy adopted during the Clinton administration regarding gays in the military?,It prohibited gays from serving in the military.,It prohibited gays from serving in combat.,It provided for segregation of gay troops.,Its frank acceptance of gay soldiers endangered public support.,It did not protect openly gay soldiers from discrimination.,E
+800,us_history,Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 was significant in that it,led the colonies to recruit a greater number of indentured servants.,caused the death of Governor Berkeley of Virginia.,contributed to an increase in Indian uprisings in Virginia.,created fear of additional rebellions by former indentured servants.,was the largest slave rebellion in U.S. history.,D
+801,us_history,Peter Zenger's trial in 1734 was significant in that it,laid the groundwork for freedom of the press in the future United States.,exposed corruption in the Church of England.,led to reforms within the British government concerning rule of the colonies.,involved a jury composed of British officials.,resulted in the execution of Peter Zenger.,A
+802,us_history,In which of the following pairs of events did the first cause the second?,John Quincy Adams signed the Specie Circular-the United States entered a depression.,John C. Calhoun wrote the Nullification Proclamation-Virginia joined with Kentucky against the Sedition Act.,Daniel Webster opposed the Bank of the United States-Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular.,Tariff of 1828 passed-Martin Van Buren elected president.,Andrew Jackson vetoed the Bank Re-charter Bill-the Whig Party formed.,E
+803,us_history,Sherman's March to the Sea during the Civil War is significant because,it was the first major victory by Union forces.,it was a major victory for African American troops.,it was the turning point of the war.,it was the final battle of the war.,it was the first example of total war.,E
+804,us_history,"During Presidential Reconstruction, congressional Republicans opposed Andrew Johnson's policy of",letting former members of the Confederacy run the new postwar state governments.,guaranteeing suffrage to African Americans.,requiring each former Confederate state to ratify the 14th Amendment.,banning former members of the Confederacy from voting and holding office.,granting each freedman 40 acres and a mule.,A
+805,us_history,The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was passed by Congress in response to pressure from,"large mining interests, which wanted to exploit Native American reservation lands.","Native Americans, who thought the plan for gradual assimilation offered their best hope for survival.","the U.S. military, which was seeking revenge for ""Custer's Last Stand.""","reform-minded whites trying to solve the ""Indian problem"" by promoting Native Americans's assimilation.","buffalo hunters, who wanted unlimited access to buffalo herds.",D
+806,us_history,The 1919 Treaty of Versailles ending World War I,did not create a lasting peace as envisioned by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points.,gave the United States temporary control of a portion of Germany.,was endorsed by the United States because it attempted to contain communism.,led to the immediate emergence of the United States as a world power.,did not include any ideas put forward by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points.,A
+807,us_history,"The Red Scare of 1919-1920 was, in part, a response to the",labor unrest that produced a nationwide strike wave.,rise of fascism in Europe.,teaching of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.,rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan.,temperance movement and its success in establishing Prohibition.,A
+808,us_history,"Because of his belief that the New Deal had not accomplished its goals, Francis Townsend proposed a plan to",use nonviolent civil disobedience to oppose racial segregation.,send aid to antifascist groups in Europe.,"force all ""subversive"" groups to register with the government.",ban women from working outside the home until all able-bodied men had work.,provide a monthly stipend to everyone in the United States over 60 years old.,E
+809,us_history,Which of the following was the most important factor in John F. Kennedy's victory over Richard Nixon in 1960?,Americans' disappointment with the results of the Korean War,Kennedy's superior showing in a televised debate,Nixon's World War II record,The Watergate investigation,Kennedy's record as governor of Massachusetts,B
+810,us_history,Portugal led the way in exploration in the 1400s because of,its inland location requiring it to find an overland route to the Indies.,government stability and the invention of the caravel.,the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas with Spain.,the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.,the success of Columbus's voyage to the New World.,B
+811,us_history,"An important achievement of George Washington's first term of office, 1789-1793, was the",establishment of a cabinet to act as advisers.,purchase of Florida from Spain.,suppression of a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers.,passage of the Alien and Sedition Act.,formation of a political party to oppose Alexander Hamilton.,A
+812,us_history,Which statement most closely reflects William Lloyd Garrison's view of slavery?,The only solution to the slavery question is a federal slave code.,Slavery must immediately be abolished in all areas of the United States.,There should be no extension of slavery to the territories in the West.,The question of slavery should be settled by popular sovereignty.,The question of slavery in the territories of the West should be decided in the future.,B
+813,us_history,"In the Dred Scott case of 1857, the Supreme Court included which idea as part of its decision?",Separate but equal facilities are constitutional.,An African American had no rights a white man was bound to respect.,"The state of Georgia has no jurisdiction over the Cherokee, which is a separate nation.",Interstate commerce is not within the jurisdiction of the states but of the federal government.,Separate but equal facilities are inherently unconstitutional.,B
+814,us_history,"Black Codes, passed in many Southern states in 1865 and 1866,",helped freed men and women find employment and land after emancipation.,were intended to re-create the plantation economy without slavery.,were supported by Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass.,were opposed by President Andrew Johnson.,were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.,B
+815,us_history,"""Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their [the wealthy classes'] demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."" In this 1896 speech, William Jennings Bryan is advocating",government subsidies to farmers.,free and unlimited coinage of silver.,passage of higher protective tariffs.,reduction of the workday to eight hours.,the enactment of laws restricting immigration.,B
+816,us_history,The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 is significant because it,ended the Spanish-American War.,paved the way for the Panama Canal project.,established commonwealth status for Puerto Rico.,added the Mexican Cession to U.S. territory.,gave U.S. companies exclusive rights to the Guatemalan banana trade.,B
+817,us_history,President Wilson's unwillingness to compromise over the issue of the League of Nations resulted in,a surge in popular support for his resolve.,his loss of the presidency in the election of 1920.,the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the European nations.,the failure of the Senate to approve the Treaty of Versailles.,an increase in power of the Democratic party.,D
+818,us_history,"At the Yalta Conference of 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was most worried about the views expressed by",Joseph Stalin on Eastern Europe.,Charles de Gaulle on Western Europe.,Winston Churchill on the Irish question.,Mao Zedong on Chinese relations with Japan.,Kim Il Sung on the unification of Korea.,A
+819,us_history,The United States became politically involved in Vietnam immediately after,France was defeated by the Vietminh.,China threatened Taiwan.,Great Britain partitioned India.,North Korea attacked South Korea.,Japan relinquished its control over Vietnam following World War II.,A
+820,us_history,"When Europeans arrived in the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries, they found",established societies that contained various forms of government.,"scattered tribes of lawless, nomadic people.",extensive trade being carried on in African slavery.,"hostile, unwelcoming tribes.",wild horses in abundance.,A
+821,us_history,"Henry Clay, ""The Great Compromiser,"" was instrumental in engineering compromises that resulted in all of the following EXCEPT",Missouri being admitted to the Union.,Rutherford Hayes becoming president.,resolution of the nullification crisis.,California being admitted to the Union.,Maine being admitted to the Union.,B
+822,us_history,"""I consider the tariff as the occasion rather than as the cause of the unhappy state of things. The truth can no longer be disguised that the peculiar domestic institution of the southern states and the consequent direction which her soil and climate have given to her industry has placed them in regard to taxation and appropriation in opposite relation to the majority of the nation."" Which of the following statements are supported in the above quote from John C. Calhoun? I.  The existence of slavery is the result of nature and geography. II.  Sectionalism was based on slavery, not states' rights. III.  The tariff was the most important cause of sectional tensions. IV.  The majority of the nation agreed with the Southern viewpoint on slavery.",I and III,II and IV,I and II,II and III,III and IV,C
+823,us_history,The Industrial Workers of the World was known for being,"a company union, set up and funded by large corporations, to calm worker discontent.","a craft union, which avoided unskilled workers in organizing drives.",a Gilded Age union more ready to compromise than strike.,the most militant and anticapitalist union of the late 1800s and early 1900s.,a secret brotherhood responsible for the Haymarket Affair.,D
+824,us_history,All of the following are reasons for the U.S. entry into World War I EXCEPT,the sinking of the Lusitania.,the interception of the Zimmerman Note.,German violation of freedom of the seas.,"the desire to make ""the world safe for democracy.""",the American commitment to the Triple Alliance.,E
+826,us_history,The Stimson Doctrine of 1932 called for,an economic boycott of all German goods by the allied nations.,a pledge by the allied nations to respect the territorial integrity of China.,a cease-fire in China.,a condemnation by the United States of Japan's actions in Manchuria.,a call for an end to Italy's aggressive policies in Africa.,D
+827,us_history,The Soviet Union responded to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by,providing military assistance to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO).,forming the Warsaw Pact.,giving financial aid to Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).,joining the Alliance for Progress.,sending advisers to the Organization of American States (OAS).,B
+828,us_history,"In the ""Checkers speech,"" Richard Nixon",denied allegations that he had improperly received gifts during his 1952 bid for the vice-presidency.,"accused John F. Kennedy of being ""soft on communism"" during the 1960 campaign for president.","announced his policy of ""Vietnamization"" of the Vietnam War in 1969.",called for normalizing relations with China in 1972.,"declared, in 1974, that he ""was not a crook"" in response to allegations of wrongdoing in connection with the Watergate scandal.",A
+829,us_history,"Of the following ideas, which was NOT part of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision?",Education is the most important function of local government.,The original intent of the 14th Amendment was to end school segregation.,"The doctrine of ""separate but equal"" fosters feelings of inferiority in African American children.","Schools should be integrated ""with all deliberate speed.""",Education is the basis of success in our society.,B
+830,us_history,"In 1500, the civilizations of Mexico and Central America differed from the civilizations of the North American Plains Indians in that the Plains Indians","were nomadic, while the civilizations of Mexico and Central America were more stable.","lived in adobe houses, while the natives of Mexico and Central America lived in tents.","were united, while the natives of Mexico and Central America were scattered.","were ravaged by European diseases, while the inhabitants of Mexico and Central America were not.","assimilated into European culture, while the inhabitants of Mexico and Central America did not.",A
+831,us_history,Which of the following statements concerning the New England colonies in the 17th century is true?,The New England colonies grew faster than the Southern colonies through natural reproduction.,The New England colonies were more dependent on Great Britain than the Southern and Middle colonies.,The New England colonies were open societies with a high tolerance for those who were different.,The New England colonies had larger farms than the Middle and Southern colonies.,The New England colonies lacked strong leadership.,A
+832,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a presidential action of Andrew Jackson?,He opposed the Nullification Ordinance of South Carolina.,He advocated the removal of the Cherokees to territory west of the Mississippi River.,He defeated the English in the Battle of New Orleans after the War of 1812 was over.,He vetoed for the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States.,He appointed government workers based on party loyalty.,C
+833,us_history,"The mechanical reaper, invented by Cyrus McCormick in the 1830s, was most significant because it",turned over the hard prairie soil.,planted seeds four times as fast as a man could do by hand.,aided irrigation of the arid Midwest.,increased cotton production.,cut wheat at a greater rate than the scythe.,E
+834,us_history,"The phrase ""With malice toward none, with charity toward all"" refers to Lincoln's attitude toward","Southern state legislatures, which had passed Black Codes.",radical Republicans in the House of Representatives after Reconstruction.,congressmen after they impeached Andrew Johnson.,the rebellious South near the end of the Civil War.,"Senators Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckenridge, and John Bell, who had run against him in 1860.",D
+835,us_history,The social gospel is a term usually associated with the,Second Great Awakening of the 1820s and 1830s.,abolitionist movement of the 1840s and 1850s.,urban reform movement of the 1890s and 1900s.,fundamentalist Christian movement of the 1920s.,political movement of the religious right during the 1980s.,C
+837,us_history,One reason President Franklin D. Roosevelt was not a strong advocate of civil rights for African Americans was that he,believed that the separation of the races was in the best interests of all concerned.,resented the fact that African Americans voted for the Republican Party in 1936.,believed the role of the federal government in society should be minimal.,believed that Progressive-era reformers had successfully addressed the problem of segregation.,feared losing the support of the Southern Democrats in Congress.,E
+838,us_history,Which of the following cases declared that prayer in the public school was unconstitutional?,Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,Engel v. Vitale,Baker v. Carr,Miranda v. Arizona,Roe v. Wade,B
+839,us_history,"When Stokely Carmichael became the leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee in 1966, its key slogan changed from","Freedom Now to ""Black Power.""","Self-Defense to ""Pick up the Gun.""","We Shall Overcome to ""Dare to Struggle Dare to Win.""","Tune In to ""Drop Out.""","Back to Africa to ""By Any Means Necessary.""",A
+840,us_history,Which of the following statements about 18th-century America is true?,"By 1750, half of all American colonists lived in cities.","By 1750, the New England colonists were exporting more than they were importing.","After 1763, the colonists were prohibited from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains.","By 1750, slaves outnumbered whites in the colonies by two to one.","By 1740, the colonists recognized Jonathan Edwards as a leader of the Old Lights.",C
+841,us_history,The War Hawks demanded war against Britain in 1812 to,eliminate the Native American threat in the Northwest.,appease the New England states.,assimilate the Native Americans into U.S. society.,gain control of New Orleans.,make the United States less dependent on imports.,A
+842,us_history,"In explaining why the nullification of the 1828 Tariff of Abominations was justified, John C. Calhoun contended that","the people had ratified the Constitution and, therefore, could decide on the constitutionality of a federal law.",the states were sovereign because they had formed a compact called the Constitution.,the Supreme Court had declared the Tariff of Abominations unconstitutional.,"Congress was sovereign and could decide all major questions, including slavery.",President Andrew Jackson had been elected by the whole people and agreed with his position.,B
+843,us_history,"Moby-Dick by Herman Melville, representative of the American Renaissance of the 1840s, is significant in that it",changed the attitude of the people of the United States toward the Native Americans.,portrayed life in a utopian community.,was an antislavery novel that galvanized Northern opinion against the Fugitive Slave Law.,opposed the narrow Puritan point of view of 17th-century New England.,used a predominately American occupation to explore man's struggles with the natural world and good and evil.,E
+844,us_history,"In the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, the Supreme Court",declared that poll taxes and literacy tests were unconstitutional.,declared that segregation of the races was acceptable.,struck down many aspects of Congressional Reconstruction.,ended segregation in public schools on the grounds that it was inherently unfair.,"ruled that slaves were still considered property, even if they resided in a free state or territory.",B
+845,us_history,"Jacob Riis's book, How the Other Half Lives, was significant in that it",drew the public's attention to the harsh conditions slaves lived under in the 1850s.,demonstrated the double standards applied to women in American society at the turn of the 20th century.,criticized the lifestyles of the upper class in the 1920s.,exposed the living conditions of the urban poor at the turn of the 20th century.,chronicled the lives of poor immigrants from Asia and Africa in the 1960s.,D
+846,us_history,"The American reaction to Germany's announced intention of resuming unrestricted submarine warfare, violating the Sussex Pledge, was to",implement the policy of appeasement.,declare war on Germany.,negotiate another treaty with Germany.,send the Zimmermann Note to Germany.,intern German immigrants in the United States.,B
+847,us_history,Which of the following statements about American cities in the post-World War II period (1945-1970) is NOT true?,White flight led to a decline in property taxes and income taxes collected by municipal governments.,Large numbers of African Americans moved from the rural South to the urban North.,The Urban Renewal program was a huge success in eliminating slums and poverty in American cities.,Black neighborhoods in many Northern cities experienced a series of riots in which the frustration of Black America was expressed.,The development of shopping malls and highways had a detrimental effect on shopping districts in the centers of U.S. cities.,C
+848,us_history,The primary goal of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference was to,defend black neighborhoods against police brutality.,challenge segregation in the Supreme Court.,use nonviolent resistance to achieve desegregation.,create equal racial representation in the Democratic Party.,reinvigorate the back-to-Africa movement.,C
+849,us_history,President Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives because there was evidence that he had,mishandled funds in the Whitewater land development scheme.,used his influence to arrange for a job for Paula Jones.,misused the White House for raising funds for his presidential campaign in 1996.,conducted himself in a manner that demeaned the office of the presidency.,committed perjury when testifying about the Monica Lewinsky affair.,E
+850,us_history,Taverns of the 1700s were important because they,provided a place for an exchange of information among the colonists.,served as one-room schoolhouses.,served as targets for the Temperance Movement during the Second Great Awakening.,were halfway houses for the poor.,were places where New England town meetings were held.,A
+851,us_history,The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s was important because,it caused people to question established authority.,it provided the spiritual rationale for the abolition movement.,religious unification caused a reduction in the number of religious sects.,religious revivalism lessened in the colonies.,it led to the Salem witch trials.,A
+852,us_history,"To correct the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the writers of the Constitution in 1787 included",a method of amending the Constitution that required the approval of all states.,the addition of a Bill of Rights to protect individual citizens.,the establishment of a cabinet to advise the president.,provisions for an executive and a judicial branch of government.,a reserved powers clause to protect states' rights.,D
+853,us_history,The Second Bank of the United States was important in that it,became a part of the Federal Reserve System of 1913.,was the central component of the American System supported by the Whigs.,was the forerunner of the pet banks of the 1830s.,was the substitute bank supported by Alexander Hamilton after the first Bank of the United States was rejected by Congress.,was struck down by the Supreme Court in the Gibbons v. Ogden decision.,B
+854,us_history,The acquisition of territory from Mexico as a result of the Mexican War was most significant in that it,settled conflicts between Native Americans and the U.S. government.,led to the acquisition of Oregon.,led to Bleeding Kansas.,provided the United States with territory to build the Panama Canal.,heightened sectional tensions over the issue of slavery.,E
+855,us_history,Resources of the North and South in the Civil War (Represented as a ratio),Cotton Production,Naval Shipping,Corn Production,Draft Animals,Male Population Ages 18-60,E
+856,us_history,Passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867 signaled the,end of Jim Crow laws.,beginning of Presidential Reconstruction.,abolition of slavery.,fulfillment of Abraham Lincoln's vision for the post-Civil War South.,beginning of Congressional Reconstruction.,E
+857,us_history,Which of the following statements is true of the Populist movement?,"Although it began in agricultural states, it soon became a national movement of farmers and urban workers.",It endorsed the concept of the gold standard.,It rejected both the Republican and Democratic candidates for president in 1896.,Its platform in 1892 called for government ownership of banks and railroads.,It fought against inflationary policies so that consumers would not suffer economically.,D
+858,us_history,One of the first actions taken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt after his inauguration in 1933 was to,declare a bank holiday.,establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.,establish Social Security.,establish the National Recovery Administration.,pack the Supreme Court.,A
+859,us_history,One of President Nixon's most important diplomatic initiatives was to,reunite Vietnam.,open diplomatic relations between China and the United States.,establish a forum for discussions of human rights.,pressure China to recognize Taiwan.,end the Cold War.,B
+860,us_history,European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the,introduction of new products to the Americas.,"spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans.",introduction of new products to Europe.,development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement.,mixed-race peoples in Mexico and Central America.,D
+861,us_history,"The Maryland Act of Toleration, passed in 1649, was significant in that it",provided religious freedom to Christians.,provided religious freedom to Catholics only.,provided for the just treatment of Native Americans.,"provided religious freedom for Catholics, Jews, and Quakers.",allowed atheists to deny the existence of God.,A
+862,us_history,The Battle of Saratoga was considered the turning point of the American Revolution because it,demonstrated America's naval superiority.,signaled the end of loyalist support for Great Britain.,led to an alliance between Spain and the colonies.,prompted France to enter the war in support of the colonies.,resulted in the defeat of General Howe.,D
+863,us_history,"""We demand that all immigrants to the United States reside here at least 14 years before they may apply for citizenship."" Which party advocated the above idea as its main political position?",The Know-Nothing Party,The Whig Party,The Free Soil Party,The Democratic Party,The National Republican Party,A
+864,us_history,Lincoln fired General George McClellan because he,marched through Georgia destroying crops and homes.,would not cross the Mississippi into Vicksburg.,was too timid to engage the enemy.,did not train the troops properly.,refused to charge up Little Roundtop at Gettysburg.,C
+865,us_history,"""Sod busters"" was a nickname given to",New England settlers in the 1600s.,cotton growers in Texas in the 1840s and 1850s.,frontier farmers on the Great Plains in the 1860s and 1870s.,Dust Bowl farmers in the 1930s.,Eastern farmers who were displaced by suburban development in the 1950s.,C
+866,us_history,"The phrase ""Speak softly and carry a big stick,"" originally referred to",President Theodore Roosevelt's policy in regard to Latin America.,President John F. Kennedy's policy in regard to Vietnam.,President Andrew Jackson's policy in regard to Native American nations.,President George H. W. Bush's policy in regard to Saudi Arabia.,President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy in regard to the Soviet Union.,A
+867,us_history,Rosie the Riveter was a symbol of the,participation of women in the war effort during World War II.,Women's Liberation Movement of the 1960s.,new fashions for women that became popular in the 1950s.,participation of women in the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s.,change that had occurred as a result of women's suffrage.,A
+868,us_history,"The ""War on Poverty"" was an attempt by",President Richard Nixon to aid Latin American nations.,President Lyndon Johnson to end hunger and economic hardship in the United States.,President John F. Kennedy to aid the developing world by organizing the Peace Corps.,George Marshall to feed the people of Europe after World War II.,President Dwight Eisenhower to reduce the number of people on welfare.,B
+869,us_history,"George W. Bush defined the ""axis of evil"" as","Iran, Iraq, and China.","Iraq, Afghanistan, and Russia.","Iraq, Russia, and China.","North Korea, China, and Iraq.","Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.",E
+870,us_history,Which events are correctly paired to reflect cause and effect?,The influx of Quakers to Maryland-the passage of the Maryland Act of Toleration,The expulsion of Roger Williams from Massachusetts Bay Colony-the founding of Connecticut,The development of the head-right system for acquiring land and workers-the development of slavery in South Carolina,William and Mary's ascension to the throne in England-the overthrow of the Dominion of New England,Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop's Indian Policies-the breakout of Bacon's Rebellion,D
+871,us_history,"The War of 1812 has often been called the ""Second War of Independence"" because it",ended the British presence in North America.,resulted in the adoption of a national anthem.,marked the development of the U. S. Navy.,marked the last major conflict between England and the United States.,resulted in the acquisition of new lands to further United States expansion.,D
+872,us_history,"The Whig Party, which existed 1833-1854, supported all of the following EXCEPT",rechartering the Second Bank of the United States.,raising tariffs to protect U.S. industry.,admitting Texas to the United States in 1844.,"funding internal improvements, such as canals and roads.",Henry Clay for president in 1844.,C
+874,us_history,Mechanization of agriculture in the late 1800s,brought unparalleled prosperity to U.S. farmers.,drove down prices of agricultural goods.,was ineffective at raising the output of farms.,was confined largely to New England.,was funded primarily by the federal government.,B
+875,us_history,The Progressive movement's most significant impact on American society was,eliminating corruption in the political system.,convincing large segments of the working class to support socialist ideas.,establishing that federal legislation can be used to regulate business.,putting the issue of civil rights for African Americans on the national agenda.,setting the United States on an isolationist course.,C
+876,us_history,Frank Capra was a Depression-era film director whose artistic response to the Great Depression could best be described as,"elaborate musicals, such as Gold Diggers of 1933, with lavish dance numbers and opulent sets, which suggested that better times were just around the corner.","earnest films, such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, which suggested that the problems of the era could be solved by old-fashioned values rather than sweeping political or economic change.","bright, animated films, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which offered Americans an escape from the drudgery of daily life.","zany comedies, such as Duck Soup, which created an anarchic world that mocked authority at a time when traditional authorities seemed to be unable to provide answers to the day's problems.","gritty gangster movies, such as The Public Enemy, which presented a lonely, often cruel world of urban decay and violence.",B
+877,us_history,Herbert Hoover reacted to the Depression of 1929 by,doing nothing.,encouraging unions to organize.,establishing extensive federal relief programs to meet the emergency.,building Hoovervilles to shelter the homeless in all the large cities.,providing loans to industry to restart production.,E
+879,us_history,The midterm congressional elections of 1994 were significant because,the Democratic Party gained control of Congress.,the Republican Party gained control of Congress.,the same political party gained control of the executive and legislative branch.,it led to bipartisan support for the Contract With America.,18-year-olds were given the right to vote in federal elections.,B
+880,us_history,"Which of the following statements is true of the encomienda system, established by the Spanish in the New World?","Settlers were given 50 acres of land, as well as 50 acres for every person whose passage they paid to the New World.",Colonies existed for the good of the mother country.,African slaves were brought to the New World to labor on plantations.,The system resulted in the exploitation of the Native American population by the Spanish.,"The mother country exported more than it imported, creating a favorable balance of trade.",D
+881,us_history,"The Great Compromise, agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention,",established the executive branch of government.,established a two-house legislative branch of government.,established the judicial branch of government.,provided for the direct election of Senators by the voters.,stipulated that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of taxation and representation.,B
+882,us_history,"""Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came."" -Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865 Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the above quote?",The North was to blame for the war.,The South wanted to fight a war more than it wanted to preserve slavery.,The North wanted the South to perish.,The war started due to the actions of both sides.,Both sides wanted to preserve the union.,D
+883,us_history,"In the second half of the 19th century, mining went from being an endeavor dominated by individual prospectors to one dominated by a few large corporations because",the children of prospectors lost interest in mining and sold their operations to corporations.,insurance and licensing fees were beyond the reach of most individuals.,the machinery required for extracting ore cost more than most prospectors could afford.,the transportation costs of shipping ore became too great for individual prospectors.,most of the prospectors were drafted into the Union army during the Civil War.,C
+884,us_history,The temperance movement of the 19th century,attracted little popular support.,found a strong ally in the Democratic Party.,rejected appeals to people's sense of morality.,achieved its ultimate goal by the turn of the 20th century.,had a strong appeal among women.,E
+885,us_history,The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as,a movement to gain equal access to public accommodations.,an urban renewal project in northern Manhattan.,a project to preserve 19th-century buildings and artifacts made by free African Americans.,"a self-conscious effort by African Americans to promote their literature, music, and art.",a movement for racial integration in northern Manhattan.,D
+886,us_history,"Sarge, I'm only eighteen, I got a ruptured spleen and I always carry a purse. I got eyes like a bat, my feet are flat, and my asthma's getting worse. Which of the following is an accurate statement about this 1964 song by Phil Ochs, ""Draft Dodger Rag""?",It encouraged young men to burn their draft cards.,It encouraged young men to evade the draft by fleeing to Canada.,It was a humorous song lacking any serious content.,It encouraged an antimilitary attitude.,It encouraged organized protest.,D
+887,us_history,"C. Everett Koop, President Reagan's Surgeon General, made headlines when he",called for an end to the war on drugs.,resigned in protest of Ronald Reagan's environmental policies.,changed the labeling on foods to show daily requirements.,launched a major campaign to prevent smoking.,called for new meat-inspection laws to prevent outbreaks of coli.,D
+888,us_history,"When President George H. W. Bush spoke of a New World Order, he was referring to","the results of the ""war to end all wars.""","agreements among China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.",the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War.,"the signing of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and among improved relations among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.",the importance of the United Nations as a force to settle international disputes after the fall of the Soviet Union.,E
+889,us_history,Which of the following statements is an accurate description of differences between immigration patterns in the late 19th century and late 20th century?,"A backlash developed against the more recent immigrants, while the older immigrants were universally welcomed.","The more recent immigrants were primarily from Asia and Latin America, while the older immigrants were primarily from Europe.",The older immigrants were less educated than the more recent immigrants.,"The more recent immigrants were taking jobs away from people in the United States, while the older immigrants did not.","The more recent immigrants flocked to cities, while the older immigrants flocked to rural areas.",B
+890,us_history,The Virginia House of Burgesses and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were similar in that both,provided for direct democracy.,provided for representative democracy.,symbolized the independent spirit that existed in the American colonies.,provided for universal male suffrage.,were independent of the British government.,B
+891,us_history,Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were similar in that they both,advocated a balance between states' rights and a strong central government.,supported the Bank of the United States.,believed in rotation of public offices.,used the elastic clause to justify actions they had taken.,believed that the people were capable of making a decision if they were educated and informed.,D
+892,us_history,"""We are opposed to the extension of slavery because it diminishes the productive powers of its population…. It is an obstacle to compact settlements and to every general system of public institution. [If slavery goes into the territories] the free labor of all the states will not…. [I]f the free labor of all the states goes there, the slave labor of the southern states will not, and in a few years the country will teem with an active and energetic population."" -Editorial, New York Evening Post, 1847 Why will free labor not go where there is slavery, according to the above excerpt?",African Americans are inferior.,Free laborers are morally opposed to slavery.,Slaves work too hard and would force out free laborers.,Slaves prevent the growth of productive communities.,Free laborers do not want to work next to slaves.,D
+893,us_history,"Helen Hunt Jackson's 1881 book, A Century of Dishonor, chronicled the",mistreatment of Chinese laborers working on the transcontinental railroad.,government's record of broken treaties and promises in regard to Native Americans.,destruction of the ecology of the West by settlers and big business.,conditions on cotton plantations before the Civil War.,history of Spanish misdeeds in Cuba before the Spanish-American War.,B
+894,us_history,"The 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators), the initiative, and the recall were all intended to","break up the power of municipal political machines, such as Tammany Hall.",empower the government to challenge big business.,extend civil rights to African Americans.,give the people more power in the democratic process.,relieve the suffering of the poor.,D
+895,us_history,Eugene V. Debs and Robert M. La Follette were similar in that both,opposed U.S. involvement in World War II.,ran for president on third-party tickets.,rejected sweeping challenges to the status quo.,were arrested under the Espionage Act during World War I.,served in Franklin D. Roosevelt's cabinet.,B
+896,us_history,"As part of President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to fight the Great Depression, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was passed to","replace the New Deal farm price supports, which had been declared unconstitutional.",help raise the prices of farm goods so that farmers could survive the Depression.,provide new equipment so farmers could grow more crops.,give loans to farmers who planted crops that were needed in cities.,ensure that all farmers who wanted to relocate to more fertile land could move without difficulty.,B
+897,us_history,The Smith Act of 1940 and the McCarran Act of 1950 are similar in that they both,were used to hamper the activities of the Communist Party.,aided the development of suburbs.,checked the power of large corporations.,were milestones in the struggle for civil rights for African Americans.,expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.,A
+898,us_history,"When Gerald Ford said ""the long national nightmare is over,"" he was referring to the end of the",Vietnam War.,Cold War.,Iran Hostage Crisis.,Watergate Scandal.,Savings and Loan Crisis.,D
+899,us_history,"In his first year in office, President Ronald Reagan",initiated a famous 100 days of intense legislative activity.,began his program of trading arms for hostages.,fired air traffic controllers who refused to end their strike for shorter hours and higher pay.,invaded Iran to force the return of American hostages.,launched an invasion of Cuba.,C
+900,us_history,The Mayflower Compact can best be characterized as,the first written constitution in the New World.,a peace accord that settled competing territorial claims between the Puritans and Native Americans.,the colonial government in Massachusetts Bay Colony.,a statement of religious principles.,a formal agreement signed by the Puritans that created a democratic process.,E
+901,us_history,,wanted a railroad to the West that would start in Chicago.,wanted votes from Easterners for a future presidential run.,wanted to expand farming because he was for the Homestead Act.,wanted to please the South by opening up more land for cotton farming.,opposed slavery.,A
+902,us_history,"""Our government's foundations are laid; its cornerstone rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man, that slavery and subordination to the superior race is his natural and moral condition. This, our new government, is the first in the history of the world based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth…. Our Confederacy is founded upon principles in strict conformity with these laws. This stone, which was rejected by the first builders, has become the chief stone of the new corner in our edifice."" -Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, March 21, 1861 Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of Alexander Stephens's statement?",Slavery would gradually end without interference from the North.,Ancient Greece and Rome were wrong to have supported slavery.,The Founding Fathers were correct on all substantive issues.,Slavery was the proper philosophical basis for the Confederacy.,Southerners seceded for primarily economic reasons.,D
+903,us_history,A major factor leading to U.S. imperialism in the 1890s was,a political shift as the Democratic Party gained power at the expense of the Republican Party.,the opportunity created for the United States as European powers began to move away from imperialist expansion and focus on internal development.,the desire for new markets as industrial production outpaced domestic consumption.,the need to find new lands to absorb the expanding population of the United States.,"a desire for fertile land, as farmland on the American mainland was becoming depleted.",C
+904,us_history,Which of the following did not reinforce white supremacist notions of race relations in the United States?,The Plessy v. Ferguson decision,"The D. W. Griffith film, Birth of a Nation",The Dred Scott v. Sanford decision,The Niagara Movement,The Dixiecrat Party,D
+905,us_history,"A major function of the Federal Reserve System, established in 1913, was to",regulate the money supply.,balance the budget.,encourage industrial development.,regulate the stock market.,regulate foreign trade.,A
+906,us_history,Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to pack the Supreme Court in 1937 because,the justices were too inexperienced to deal with the Great Depression.,the court had declared some New Deal legislation unconstitutional.,Roosevelt felt that Congress had become more powerful than the president.,the court refused to allow the president to implement the Lend-Lease Act.,the court had demonstrated liberal tendencies in interpreting the New Deal legislation.,B
+907,us_history,The Senate passed a censure motion against Senator Joseph McCarthy in the wake of,accusations of financial impropriety.,hearings that implicated high-ranking members of the military.,the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.,the Supreme Court's opinion on the constitutionality of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).,the U.S. entry into the Korean War.,B
+908,us_history,The Immigration Act of 1965 was significant in that it,opened the door to many non-European immigrants.,used racial criteria for the first time as a basis for admission to the United States.,favored Northern and Western Europeans.,excluded unskilled workers.,used IQ tests as a criterion for admission to the United States.,A
+909,us_history,U.S. forces in Vietnam used Agent Orange primarily to,counteract the effects of poisons used by the Vietcong.,camouflage movement in the jungle.,interrogate Vietcong prisoners.,destroy the natural cover used by the Vietcong guerrillas.,prevent the diseases carried by the insects of Vietnam.,D
+910,us_history,One of the major reasons for the development of political parties in the 1790s was that,Jefferson and Madison had developed a personal dislike for one another.,support for the French Revolution eroded Washington's power.,the Alien and Sedition Acts had reduced the number of immigrants entering the United States.,differences had developed concerning the interpretation of the Constitution.,The Articles of Confederation had created a weak central government.,D
+911,us_history,Key components of Henry Clay's American system included,a strict interpretation of the Constitution and rapid western expansion.,high protective tariffs and internal improvements.,the development of Southern industry and Northern agriculture.,the elimination of export taxes and of the slave trade.,government ownership of railroads and canals.,B
+912,us_history,Scalawag was a derogatory term used by,abolitionists to describe slave catchers in the 1850s.,whites in the South to describe other Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction.,Republicans to describe Federalists who cooperated with the British during the War of 1812.,Westerners to describe white settlers who argued for fair treatment of Native Americans in the 1870s.,union members to describe workers who crossed a picket line during the labor conflicts of the Gilded Age.,B
+913,us_history,José Marti and Emilio Aguinaldo are similar in that both,fought against U.S. forces in their respective countries.,served as governors of U.S. protectorates.,led nationalist movements in their respective countries.,signed treaties allowing the United States to have a military presence in their respective countries.,were leaders of the Organization of American States.,C
+914,us_history,"In the 1908 Muller v. Oregon decision, the Supreme Court",upheld the use of the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up trusts.,forbade states from regulating railroad rates for routes between states.,held that worker-protection laws do not violate the constitutional rights of employers.,"upheld segregation laws, if both sets of facilities are equal to one another.",ruled that the government has the right to limit speech if a clear and present danger exists.,C
+915,us_history,The passage of the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 and the movement to prevent the teaching of evolution in public schools in the 1920s could best be seen as,conservative responses to social change.,Marxist responses to economic dislocation.,liberal responses to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.,Democratic responses to the success of the Republican Party.,feminist responses to Victorian morality.,A
+916,us_history,"As the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus to the North and issues of de facto segregation, which of the following became a central issue?",Separate lunch counters for African Americans and whites,Segregation in department store fitting rooms,Blacks and whites living in separate neighborhoods,Discrimination in waiting rooms in interstate bus stations,Requiring blacks and whites to use separate water fountains,C
+917,us_history,The Supreme Court decisions Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona are significant in that they,expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.,made participation in the political system easier for African Americans.,strengthened the separation of church and state.,established the principle of equal pay for equal work.,ensured free speech during wartime.,A
+918,us_history,President Jimmy Carter broke from previous U.S. administrations in foreign policy by,"promising to ""walk softly and carry a big stick"" in his dealings with Latin American nations.",vowing to halt communist expansion in Asia.,pursuing a policy of détente with the Soviet Union.,linking U.S. aid to foreign nations to improvements in human rights.,signing a new treaty with Panama extending U.S. control of the Canal Zone.,D
+919,us_history,All of the following were initiatives of Clinton administration except the,"Brady Gun Control Bill, which regulated handgun ownership.","Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which reformed the welfare system.",Camp David Accords for peace between Israel and Egypt.,"commitment of 20,000 troops to Haiti to support President Bertrande Aristide.",Dayton Accords for a peace settlement in Serbia.,C
+920,us_history,"Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, supported the idea that",civil authority should be separated from church authority.,church leaders should be the leaders of the colonies.,the Native American population should be resettled to the West.,the theocracy that existed in Massachusetts Bay should be extended to other colonies.,women should enjoy equal rights with men.,A
+921,us_history,President Andrew Jackson vetoed the Bank Recharter Bill because he,was a Democrat and it was a Whig measure.,disagreed with the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison.,believed that paper money was the most important element for economic success.,"was opposed to the bank's monopolistic power, calling it a ""monster.""",believed it was too late to bring up the question.,D
+922,us_history,"""The government, Sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. It is not the creature of the state legislatures; nay more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties …. The people, then, Sir, erected this government. They gave it a constitution, and in the constitution they have enumerated powers which they bestow on it."" From Daniel Webster's ""Second Reply to Hayne"" What argument was Daniel Webster responding to in the above passage?",The theory that the people were the source of power in the Constitution,The theory that the tariff was unconstitutional,The Compact Theory that the states were sovereign,The Theory of Perpetual Union that the union had existed before the Constitution,The theory that sovereignty rests in the general government,C
+923,us_history,"The Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882, had the effect of",exempting China from participation in the League of Nations.,"dividing China into ""spheres of influence.""",banning most Chinese people from immigrating to the United States.,"establishing the ""open-door policy"" in regard to trade with China.",raising tariffs on goods from China.,C
+924,us_history,The establishment of standard time zones occurred,at the time of the American Revolution to standardize measurements in the new nation.,in the 1880s to facilitate scheduling of railroad lines.,during World War I to coordinate the war effort better.,in the 1920s to allow for the coordination of nationally broadcast radio shows.,as part of the New Deal efforts at modernization.,B
+925,us_history,"Among the key components of President Theodore Roosevelt's ""Square Deal"" program were",a national bank and internal improvements.,unemployment insurance and relief for poor families.,opposition to U.S. imperialism and autonomy for Latin American nations.,regulation of trusts and consumer protection.,racial integration in public facilities and voting rights for African Americans.,D
+926,us_history,Black Tuesday is a significant day in U.S. history because it marks the beginning of,U.S. involvement in World War II in 1941.,the Depression of 1929.,the atomic age with the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945.,World War I in 1914.,the great blackout in New York City in 1976.,B
+927,us_history,The increased membership in the NAACP and CORE during World War II resulted from the,discriminatory job practices against African Americans during World War II.,"Black Power movement, which had developed after World War I.",establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.,addition of Mexicans and women to the workforce during World War II.,preference for Native American recruits over African American recruits during World War II.,A
+928,us_history,The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to,rebuild European economies with a recovery program.,assist the agricultural economies of Latin America.,give aid to those communist nations that agreed to adopt democracy.,provide military aid to South Vietnam.,"place Japan under a ""nuclear umbrella.""",A
+929,us_history,Two significant events that occurred during the administration of Ronald Reagan were,the removal of the Berlin Wall and the break-up of the Soviet Union.,the Camp David Accords and Declaration of Human Rights.,Watergate scandal and the overture to China.,the end of the Iran hostage crisis and the invasion of Grenada.,War on Poverty and the first major escalation of the Vietnam War.,D
+930,us_history,Which of the following contributed to the economic development of the colonies during the 1600s? I.  The addition of slavery as a source of labor II.  The growth of trade and commerce due to good harbors and an extensive river system III.  The British policy of salutary neglect IV.  The development of universal manhood suffrage V.  The Great Awakening,"I, II, III, IV, and V","I, II, and III","I, II, and V","III, IV, and V","I, III, and V",B
+932,us_history,"In the post-Reconstruction South, the economic arrangement known as sharecropping involved",groups of freed African American laborers working for wages on large plantations.,agricultural workers signing contracts that bound them to a particular plantation for a period of time.,former slaves being granted ownership rights to tracts of land that had previously been owned by slaveholders.,landowners dividing up their land and allowing growers to use plots of land in exchange for a portion of the yearly yield.,the gradual transition from a purely cash-crop agricultural economy to a mixed economy of farming and manufacturing.,D
+933,us_history,The Mugwumps were Republican leaders who left the Republican Party in 1884 and supported the Democratic Party because they were,angry with the Republican Party for not taking a stand against the spread of Jim Crow policies in the Southern states.,offered cabinet positions if the Democrat Grover Cleveland won the presidential election.,disappointed with the Republican presidential candidate's history of corruption.,weary of the Republican Party's opposition to immigration.,disgusted with the violence that had been done to the Native Americans of the Great Plains.,C
+934,us_history,The Social Security Act of 1935 was important in that it,offered direct relief to eligible unemployed and disabled individuals.,reformed the existing federal unemployment insurance system.,created a new agency to monitor investment in the securities industry.,provided relief for businesses in financial trouble as a result of the Depression.,succeeded in relieving the problems of the banking system.,A
+935,us_history,All of the following are reasons for the anti-immigrant sentiment that resulted in the quota system of the 1920s EXCEPT,the demand for unskilled labor in American factories decreased as World War I ended.,many Americans perceived that anarchists and socialists were immigrating from Europe and contributing to social unrest in the United States.,"racist ideas that held Jews, Slavs, and Italians as inferior gained credence in the United States.",some Protestants feared that the United States would change for the worse because of the influx of Catholics and Jews.,"immigrants often took positions as indentured servants, which undermined the earning potential of American wage workers.",E
+936,us_history,"As a result of the Proclamation of Neutrality issued by the United States in 1939, the United States",favored the Axis powers.,"established a ""cash-and-carry"" system of trade with belligerent nations.",withdrew from the League of Nations.,was criticized by the Allies and Axis powers alike.,joined the European powers in appeasing Germany.,B
+937,us_history,The immediate cause of U.S. military involvement in the Korean peninsula in 1950 was the,"crossing of the Yalu River by the Chinese ""volunteers.""",Japanese invasion of Manchuria.,creation of the DMZ (demilitarized zone) along the 38th parallel.,acquisition of a nuclear weapons by North Korea.,attack by North Korea on South Korea.,E
+938,us_history,"As a result of President Truman's insistence that the Democratic Party include a civil rights plank in its 1948 platform,","substantial numbers of white voters abandoned the Democratic Party, allowing the Republican Party to win the general election that November.",Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act within the next four years.,"African American activists, encouraged that civil rights were becoming part of the national debate, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.",Martin Luther King Jr. was encouraged to organize the March on Washington.,"many Southern Democrats, or Dixiecrats, left the Democratic convention and formed the States' Rights Democratic Party.",E
+939,us_history,The Pentagon Papers contained information on all of the following presidents EXCEPT,Dwight D. Eisenhower.,Richard Nixon.,Lyndon Johnson.,Jimmy Carter.,John Kennedy.,D
+940,us_history,"Columbus, Magellan, and Balboa were similar in that",their voyages were all sponsored by the Spanish government.,they sailed across the Pacific Ocean.,they were killed by native inhabitants of North America.,they accumulated great personal wealth as a result of their explorations.,they found an all-water route to the East.,A
+941,us_history,The delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed that,Congress would not interfere with the importation of slaves for 20 years.,an import duty could not be placed on slaves brought into the United States.,the government was not permitted to tax imports.,slaves were to be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation but not for the purposes of taxation.,slavery was not to be prohibited in any territory acquired by the United States in the future.,A
+942,us_history,"""The manhood of the slave is conceded. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write."" -Frederick Douglass, 1852 Why did Douglass point out that there were laws against teaching slaves to read?",To show that the Southern statute books were unfair,"To show that since only humans can read, slaves were human",To warn slaves that they were in danger of fines and penalties if they learned to read,To concede that the Southerners had control of the slaves,To show that the laws would not be obeyed,B
+943,us_history,All of the following are considered factors in the collapse of Reconstruction in the 1870s EXCEPT,many Northerners simply lost interest in the issues and problems of the South.,a compromise following the disputed election of 1876 committed the Republican Party to withdrawing the last troops from the South.,"the South had largely complied with the goals of Reconstruction, and the Radical Republicans felt satisfied that fairness and equality would exist in the South.",the Democrats in the South grew increasingly aggressive in asserting their right to run the governments of the Southern states.,"many of the leading Radical Republicans, who had guided Congressional Reconstruction, had died by the 1870s.",C
+944,us_history,"The Bessemer process, which was important in the industrial growth of the United States in the second half of the 19th century, involved",using time-and-motion studies to streamline production and eliminate inefficiencies.,moving a product from worker to worker by a conveyor belt as it is being manufactured.,injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and produce steel inexpensively.,connecting the various sites of an operation by telegraph wires to facilitate communication.,mass-producing interchangeable parts to decrease dependence on skilled craftspeople.,C
+945,us_history,"Railroads challenged several of the ""Granger laws"" in court, claiming that they were unconstitutional. The Supreme Court rejected this claim in Munn v. Illinois on the grounds that",regulating business activities for the public good is a legitimate power of the states.,criticizing corporate activities is protected by the 1st Amendment.,the principle of eminent domain should only be applied if an overriding public need is involved.,"railroad companies were not considered ""citizens"" and only citizens can initiate lawsuits.",contracts between the states and individuals or corporations are binding.,A
+947,us_history,All of the following events contributed to Cold War tensions EXCEPT the,rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the isolationist Senate.,U.S. airlift of food to the citizens of Berlin.,massive economic support for Western Europe through the Marshall Plan.,united support of the Greek monarchy in 1947.,the establishment of the defensive North Atlantic Treaty Organization.,A
+948,us_history,"Napalm, a focus of antiwar protests during the Vietnam War, was","an explosive weapon that divided into parts, killing many people.",a nerve gas that paralyzed the enemy.,a drug used to interrogate prisoners.,a weapon that burst into flames after adhering to its victim.,a class of biological weapons that caused rare diseases.,D
+949,us_history,The McCain-Feingold Bill,provided for banking reform and set up the FDIC.,introduced campaign finance reform by limiting soft-money contributions to political parties and prohibiting advocacy ads.,built thousands of miles of interstate highways after World War II.,prevented the president from sending troops to a foreign country for more than 60 days without a vote from Congress.,would have made Reconstruction the responsibility of the Congress rather than the president if Lincoln hadn't vetoed it.,B
+950,us_history,"The Neutrality Act of 1793, Jay's Treaty of 1795, and the Convention of 1800 were all similar in that they",were negotiated during the administration of George Washington.,ended the practice of impressment.,allowed the United States to navigate the Mississippi River freely.,were supported by the people of the United States.,delayed U.S. involvement in a war.,E
+952,us_history,"To become an artisan in the 1830s, one had to",study at a vocational school.,attend two years of university.,attend grammar school for five years.,join a union affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.,become an apprentice to a master craftsman.,E
+953,us_history,"As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law stated that",all African Americans were slaves.,all African Americans suspected of being slaves should be brought to a trial by jury.,every accused African American had the right to a defense lawyer.,all citizens were responsible for catching fugitive slaves.,each state had to determine whether it would comply with the law.,D
+954,us_history,The Credit Mobilier scandal of the 1870s and the Teapot Dome of the 1920s are similar in that they both demonstrate the,lack of government oversight over the savings and loan industry.,"cutthroat political competition between the Democrat and Republican Parties, which has often resulted in underhanded campaign practices.",prevalence of corrupt municipal political machines in the United States.,tendency of an overzealous press to invent stories in order to sell newspapers.,willingness of politicians to accept bribes from large corporations in exchange for granting these corporations political favors.,E
+955,us_history,Horizontal integration occurs in business when a company,acquires ownership or control over other companies in the same business.,controls all aspects of the production and distribution of its product.,creates locally owned franchises.,changes its ownership from a single proprietor to a board of directors.,uses scientific management techniques to increase efficiency.,A
+956,us_history,The deployment of nuclear missiles to Cuba by the Soviet Union in 1962,displayed Soviet nuclear superiority over the United States.,prompted a blockade of Cuba by President Kennedy.,enabled Fidel Castro to establish a dictatorship.,helped Kennedy's re-election bid.,provoked the Bay of Pigs attack.,B
+957,us_history,Buddhist monks set themselves on fire in 1963 as a protest against,French imperialism in Vietnam.,American support for Indonesian President Sukharno.,the puppet Diem regime in South Vietnam.,anti-Buddhist policies of the Communist leader Ho Chi Minh.,"the Tet Offensive, because it broke a cease-fire.",C
+958,us_history,"Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney were lynched in Mississippi during Freedom Summer, when they were attempting to",secure the admission of African Americans to the state university.,desegregate city buses.,desegregate lunch counters.,integrate highway rest stops.,help African Americans register to vote.,E
+959,us_history,"When President Bill Clinton was tried by the Senate in 1999, it was necessary that",Hillary Rodham Clinton testify before the Judiciary Committee.,Bill Clinton appear before the Senate.,Chief Justice William Rehnquist preside over the impeachment trial.,Vice President Al Gore temporarily assume the presidency.,Kenneth Starr resign as Independent Counsel.,C
+960,us_history,A major reason for the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1620 was to,provide freedom of worship for Quakers.,establish profitable businesses.,create a fully democratic government.,provide freedom of worship for Puritans.,establish a colony with complete separation of church and state.,D
+961,us_history,"According to Washington's Farewell Address, U.S. interests would best served by a foreign policy of",involvement in world affairs.,support for democratic revolutions.,expansion into South America.,isolation from European affairs.,alliances with nations that support U.S. growth.,D
+962,us_history,Dred Scott believed that he was entitled to freedom because he lived for a period of time in,unsettled territory in the West.,"Illinois, which had been organized under the Northwest Ordinance.","Massachusetts, which had abolished slavery.","Kansas, which was being organized under the policy of popular sovereignty.","Missouri, where he had been born.",B
+963,us_history,Which of the following statements regarding the Confederate army's firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 is true?,Abraham Lincoln had previously sent troops to defend the fort.,Jefferson Davis had offered to protect the ship that came to rescue the Union soldiers.,Abraham Lincoln had previously decided to abandon the fort.,Abraham Lincoln had previously sent supplies without extensive military protection.,"Jefferson Davis had left the decision to fire upon the fort up to the troops in Charleston, South Carolina.",D
+964,us_history,"The films Birth of a Nation, directed by D. W. Griffith, and Gone with the Wind, based on a novel by Margaret Mitchell, are similar in that they both",revolutionized the way silent films were made.,presented the Old South in ways sympathetic to the former slaveholding class.,were rejected by the public but were appreciated by critics for their artistry.,dealt with the tensions and conflicts of the Revolutionary War era.,offered escapism to the poor during the Great Depression.,B
+965,us_history,"The U.S. experiment in Prohibition, which lasted from 1920 to 1933, demonstrated that",it is difficult for the government to enforce laws that are unpopular with large segments of the public.,granting women the right to vote opened the door to a variety of reforms that were previously unthinkable.,the Republican Party was more in tune with popular sentiments than the Democratic Party.,the power of the federal government can be successfully used to change the public's behavior.,the issue of states' rights versus federal power had not yet been resolved.,A
+966,us_history,"Which of the following pairs of laws were enacted as part of President Lyndon Johnson's ""Great Society"" program?",The Interstate Highway Act and the National Defense Education Act,The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act and the National Origins Act,The Social Security Act and the Wagner Act,The Medicare Act and the Equal Opportunity Employment Act,The Servicemen's Readjustment Act and the Taft-Hartley Act,D
+967,us_history,All of the following were part of the Watergate scandal EXCEPT,the publication of the Pentagon Papers by the New York Times and the Washington Post.,"Saturday night massacre, in which one attorney general resigned and another was fired.",giving money to rebels in Nicaragua.,"the revelations of a smoking gun tape, which provided proof of obstruction of justice.",the payment of hush money to keep conspirators quiet.,C
+968,us_history,"Muhammad Ali was a significant figure in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT",he refused to serve in the Vietnam War.,he converted to Islam and adopted a Muslim name.,he campaigned for Ronald Reagan in 1980.,he became a symbol for civil rights.,he won a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics.,C
+969,us_history,Which of the following is a true statement in regard to foreign policy during the Clinton Administration?,The United States continued a policy of isolationism.,"Clinton labeled the Soviet Union the ""evil empire"" to gain the support of congressional Republicans.",Clinton sent more troops in peacetime around the world than any other president.,"Clinton's policies were, by and large, opposed by the American people.",Clinton distanced the United States from NATO actions.,C
+971,us_history,"Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania wrote an amendment to an appropriations bill for the Mexican War in 1846, which stated that ""there shall be no slavery or involuntary servitude in any territory acquired from Mexico."" These words represented a key element of the",gradual abolitionist position of James Tallmadge.,Free Soil idea of the moderate antislavery politicians.,immediate abolitionism of William Lloyd Garrison.,nativist platform of the Know Nothing Party.,popular sovereignty position.,B
+972,us_history,Stephen Douglas's Freeport Doctrine stated that,slavery should be excluded from all territories west of the Mississippi River.,the Union cannot survive half slave and half free.,the Union must be preserved at all costs.,liberty is more important than the Union.,slavery can only exist where it has been supported by local law.,E
+973,us_history,Which of the following statements is true in regard to President Theodore Roosevelt's environmental polices?,"Roosevelt rejected the notion of conservation because he allowed the ""good trusts"" to develop some areas in national parks for business purposes.","Roosevelt rejected any attempts at government protection of wilderness areas, arguing instead that market forces should determine land use.","Roosevelt appointed the pro-business James Watt as Secretary of the Interior, angering many environmentalists, such as John Muir.","Roosevelt worked closely with the head of the U.S. Forest Service, Gifford Pinchot, to set aside land for national parks, national monuments, and wildlife refuges.","While Roosevelt was an avid outdoorsman, he believed that any action on behalf of the environment should be taken at the state level.",D
+974,us_history,"The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck's Depression-era novel, chronicles the lives of",Mexican migrant farm workers.,displaced Dust Bowl farmers.,Southern sharecroppers.,coal miners from West Virginia.,unemployed autoworkers from Michigan.,B
+975,us_history,President Franklin D. Roosevelt's actions were noteworthy because he,simplified the operations of the federal government.,implemented a sweeping civil rights program.,extended the direct influence of the government into the lives of the people.,succeeded in being elected five times to the presidency.,successfully concluded World War II.,C
+976,us_history,"Which of the following statements about the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act, passed by Congress over President Truman's veto, is true?",It was welcomed by suburban developers because it earmarked large sums of money for highway construction.,"It was labeled the ""Magna Carta for organized labor"" by AFL-CIO head George Meany because it made it legal for workers to organize unions.","It was condemned by unions because it barred closed shops and allowed the president to call an 80-day ""cooling-off"" period before a strike could proceed.",It was supported by veterans groups because it provided aid to soldiers returning from World War II for college education and home ownership.,It was supported by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People because it required the federal government to end racial discrimination in defense industries.,C
+977,us_history,The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was formed in,"1912, to support the Progressive candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt.","1948, to support President Truman's civil rights initiatives.","1962, to support prayer in public schools.","1964, to support African American representation at the Democratic convention.","1968, to support the presidential bid of Governor George Wallace.",D
+978,us_history,Why did the Vietnamese build hundreds of miles of tunnels?,To hide from French soldiers,To hide from American soldiers,To prepare for military operations,To live in them for months at a time,All of the above,E
+979,us_history,"The ""Contract with America,"" put forward by congressional Republicans in 1994, included proposals to",decrease income taxes and force welfare recipients to find work.,decrease military spending and increase the education budget.,protect the rights of homosexuals in the military and create a single-payer health care system.,reinforce the separation of church and state and reform the campaign finance system.,make English the national language and eliminate bilingual education.,A
+980,us_history,Mercantilist policies contributed to the desire of the American colonies to become independent from Britain for all of the following reasons EXCEPT,"they restricted the colonies' trade with French, Dutch, and Spanish colonies in America.",they restricted colonial production.,they involved the exercise of British authority over the colonies.,they restricted trade among the different British colonies in America.,they required that colonial goods go through British ports on their way to other countries.,D
+981,us_history,The Hartford Convention of 1814 was important because it,was held by disgruntled Republicans unhappy with the War of 1812.,led to the death of the Federalist Party.,was supported by the South and West.,led to the prominence of Henry Clay.,changed the Constitution by engineering the passage of several amendments to increase the power of state governments.,B
+982,us_history,"In 1860, the Democratic Party split into two parts over",the admission of California as a free state.,"the Missouri question, which decided fate of the Louisiana Territory.","national slave codes, which called for all states to have slavery.","internal improvements, which called for the building of the transcontinental railroad.","the Second Bank of the United States, leading many Democrats to join the Whig Party.",C
+983,us_history,"The Civil War has been called the ""Second American Revolution"" because","it made the United States totally independent of Great Britain, which, for the first time, accepted its former colony's political and economic independence.",it eliminated the old economic system of slavery and set the country on the road to rapid and unhindered economic growth.,the methods of fighting were directly inherited from the war for independence.,Abraham Lincoln has been called the second George Washington because of his statesmanship and his military leadership.,"the problems of race, the fundamental contradiction in American society, were solved.",B
+984,us_history,The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 are similar in that they both,were struck down by the Supreme Court.,put into practice the theory of laissez-faire.,were aimed at limiting the power of the railroad companies.,extended the power of government into the regulation of business.,recognized the right of workers to form unions.,D
+985,us_history,Which of the following statements is true in regard to the role of the Progressive movement in electoral politics?,"It refused to work with either of the major political parties, labeling them the ""parties of big business.""",Reform-minded politicians in both the Democratic and the Republican Parties worked on Progressive issues.,"Progressives worked exclusively within the Republican Party, perceiving that the Democratic Party was controlled by special interests.",Progressive activists worked for the defeat of the Bull Moose Party in the 1912 election and worked to support the re-election of President Taft.,"Progressives generally ignored the electoral arena, arguing that no meaningful change could come through electoral politics.",B
+986,us_history,The most significant change in voting patterns in the 1930s was the,decrease in the percentage of women who voted.,shift among African American voters from the Republican to the Democratic Party.,large percentage of voters registered to the Communist Party in presidential elections.,overall decrease in the number of people who voted at all.,large number of recent immigrants who registered with the Republican Party.,B
+987,us_history,The End Poverty in California campaign and the Share the Wealth Society could best be described as,campaigns that argued the New Deal did not go far enough.,local programs under the auspices of the New Deal.,labor organizations formed by the Communist Party.,"conservative attacks on the ""dictatorial"" New Deal.",women's organizations that thought male-dominated organizations did not understand the realities of poverty.,A
+988,us_history,William H. Whyte's 1956 book The Organization Man and Sloan Wilson's 1955 book The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit are similar in that they both,analyzed the growing sense of conformity and the loss of individualism in American society.,"were held up as examples of ""subversive"" literature by the House Un-American Activities Committee.",called attention to the fact that the Soviet Union was outpacing the United States in economic output.,were influential in reshaping standard curricula at American business administration programs.,"criticized the ""beatnik"" ethic of laziness, indulgence, and promiscuity.",A
+989,us_history,The Saturday Night Massacre was important in that it,exposed the role of the Ku Klux Klan as mortal enemies of the Civil Rights Movement.,showed that the CIA had cooperated with the South Vietnamese to assassinate a head of state.,led to the indictment of Lieutenant William Calley in connection with the killing of unarmed civilians in Vietnam.,created a backlash against the insanity defense when John Hinckley was declared innocent of the attempted assassination of President Reagan.,set the stage for the downfall of President Nixon.,E
+990,us_history,One of the main reasons for the writing of the Declaration of Independence was,to establish a new political philosophy.,to state an existing political philosophy.,to allow the colonies to obtain new lands.,to gain support for the Revolution among the colonists.,to protect human rights.,D
+991,us_history,The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that it,provided for freedom of religion in the Northwest Territory.,established militias for protection against the French.,prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.,encouraged the fair treatment of Native Americans.,provided for the orderly settlement of the Northwest Territory.,B
+992,us_history,Which idea is most consistent with the political philosophy of Alexander Hamilton?,There should be rotation of people who hold public office.,The Constitution should be loosely interpreted.,The people can be trusted to make the right decisions if given the proper information.,All people have a right to be educated.,The states should have more power than the central government.,B
+993,us_history,"When Lincoln said ""Four score and seven years ago…,"" he was reminding his audience of the",inauguration of George Washington.,convening of the Constitutional Convention.,writing of the Mayflower Compact.,signing of the Declaration of Independence.,landing at Jamestown.,D
+994,us_history,"The platform of the People's (Populist) Party, ratified at its founding convention in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1892, consisted of all the following demands EXCEPT",a graduated income tax.,an increase in the supply of money.,the eight-hour day for workers.,government ownership of railroads.,an end to immigration restrictions.,E
+995,us_history,Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears both played a significant role in the history of American commerce in the 19th century by,"starting chains of ""five-and-dime"" stores carrying a large variety of items.","creating ""layaway"" plans, where customers would pay a only portion of the list price up front.","creating mail-order catalogs, allowing rural people to purchase a wide assortment of goods.",selling mass-produced items made in the United States instead of handcrafted items made in England.,"adding refrigeration to their grocery stores, allowing them to feature a variety of fresh food.",C
+996,us_history,President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy initiatives included all of the following EXCEPT,securing the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama to build a canal through Panama.,brokering a peace treaty between Russia and Japan.,establishing a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine asserting a U.S. right to intervene in Latin American affairs.,"popularizing the expression ""speak softly but carry a big stick"" in regard to dealing with foreign nations.",negotiating a treaty with Spain following the Spanish-American War.,E
+997,us_history,President Woodrow Wilson's actions during the debate in the U.S. Senate over the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles demonstrated his,desire to compromise with Congress.,all-or-nothing attitude in regard to acceptance of the League of Nations.,dislike for the actions of the Allied nations.,desire to implement an isolationist policy.,unwillingness to accept loss of control over military actions.,B
+998,us_history,U.S. foreign policy with regard to conflicts in the Middle East since the 1960s has been influenced by the desire to balance the,independence of Israel with the need for oil from the Arab states.,rights of the Palestinians with support for Libya.,interests of Muslims and Hindus.,expansionist policies of the Soviet Union and preserving the territorial integrity of the Palestinian state.,preservation of human rights with maintaining free trade.,A
+999,us_history,"When many savings and loan banks in the 1980s failed, the federal government",forced the bank owners to pay the depositors their proper shares.,allowed the market to take its natural course.,allowed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to reimburse the depositors.,used tax money to bail out the banks.,reorganized the banking industry by passing the Glass-Steagall Act.,D
+1000,us_history,Which of the following statements regarding the American Revolution is true?,Benjamin Franklin led protests against the British in New York.,Thomas Paine established the Committees of Correspondence to disseminate information during the Revolutionary War.,John Adams defended the British Soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.,Crispus Attucks was killed at Bunker (Breed's) Hill.,Patrick Henry was hung by the British for protesting the Tea Tax.,C
+1001,us_history,Shays's Rebellion was important in that it,highlighted the slave problems that existed in the United States in 1787.,was crushed by a militia sent by the Congress under the Articles of Confederation.,was a catalyst that led to the scrapping of the Articles of Confederation.,led to the adoption of the Bill of Rights.,"was the ""shot heard round the world.""",C
+1002,us_history,"During the John Adams administration, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions",introduced the idea of nullification.,resolved the conflict over the Alien and Sedition Acts.,were supported by the Federalists.,were written by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.,were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.,A
+1003,us_history,"In the Emancipation Proclamation, Abraham Lincoln stated that all",slaves in the states in rebellion would be freed.,slaves in the border states would be freed.,slaves in the United States would be free at the end of the Civil War.,children born to slaves would be born free.,slaves in the North would be freed.,A
+1004,us_history,All of the following books could be used to justify the prevailing economic conditions in Gilded Age America EXCEPT,Risen From the Ranks (1874) by Horatio Alger.,What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (1883) by William Graham Sumner.,Looking Backward: 2000-1887 (1888) by Edward Bellamy.,The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Adam Smith.,The Gospel of Wealth (1889) by Andrew Carnegie.,C
+1005,us_history,Josiah Strong and Alfred T. Mahan were American writers in the late 19th century who were noted for,opposing Jim Crow laws and lynching.,exposing urban corruption.,depicting regional customs and dialects.,supporting an imperialist foreign policy.,describing the horrors of war.,D
+1006,us_history,"Although the Progressive movement consisted of a diversity of interests, a common belief held by most Progressives was that",the federal government should nationalize banks and major industries.,state governments should take steps to overturn Jim Crow laws and to stop lynching incidents.,higher tariffs should be implemented to protect U.S. businesses and preserve jobs for Americans.,the role of the government should be expanded to address social and economic problems.,"women should honor the middle-class ideals of the ""cult of domesticity.""",D
+1007,us_history,Which of the following is true of the 1935 Works Progress Administration?,It was struck down by the Supreme Court on the grounds that it gave legislative power to the executive branch.,"It oversaw the building of massive hydroelectric plants along the Tennessee River, which brought electricity to many parts of the rural South.",It established legal protections for workers organizing unions and listed unfair labor practices that employers could not use.,It rapidly created jobs in fields as varied as airport construction and mural painting.,"It provided emergency assistance to banks, railroad companies, life insurance companies, and other large businesses.",D
+1008,us_history,A fundamental cause of the urban riots that broke out in many cities during the Lyndon Johnson administration was,the rising expectations of African Americans for an improved quality of life.,despair of the poor and minorities over the draft for Vietnam.,frustration of African Americans over the slow pace of change in the South regarding segregation.,anger over the inability of African Americans in the North to vote.,a growing feeling among African Americans that affirmative action would never be implemented.,A
+1009,us_history,All of the following are challenges being faced by the United States in the 21st century EXCEPT,the danger to the Social Security system because of the graying of America.,the search for a cure for AIDS.,the existence of de jure segregation in the South.,the high costs of health care.,the lack of sufficient energy resources.,C
+1010,us_history,Which of the following events occurred LAST?,Establishment of St. Augustine,Establishment of Jamestown,Establishment of Quebec,Signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas,Discovery of America by Columbus,C
+1011,us_history,The most compelling reason for European exploration in the 1400s was the,desire to Christianize new lands.,increased need for labor.,need for new lands to support growing populations.,desire for an all-water route to the East.,desire for religious freedom.,D
+1012,us_history,The exploration of the New World,led to the rise of capitalism.,provided the raw materials needed for the New World to further its development.,provided markets for goods produced in the Americas.,allowed for excess African population to be sent to the New World.,ended the economic system known as mercantilism.,A
+1013,us_history,The first permanent European settlement in the territory that would become the United States was,Plymouth.,Jamestown.,St. Augustine.,Santa Fe.,New Amsterdam.,C
+1014,us_history,The settlements of Jamestown and Plymouth differed in that,"Jamestown was settled by Pilgrims, while Plymouth was settled by Puritans.","the settlers of Jamestown were married with families, while the settlers of Plymouth were mostly single males.","the settlers of Jamestown were largely single men seeking gold and adventure, while the settlers of Plymouth were mostly family units seeking religious freedom.","Jamestown was a royal colony, while Plymouth was settled by individuals without any connection to the crown.","Jamestown enjoyed a good relations with the Native Americans, while Plymouth colony was under constant attack from the Native Americans.",C
+1015,us_history,Which person is correctly associated with a colony?,John Smith—Plymouth Colony,James Olgethorpe—Georgia,John Rolfe—Carolina,Lord Baltimore—North Carolina,Jonathan Winthrop—Connecticut,B
+1016,us_history,The headright system,was an example of the Barbados Slave Codes.,referred to the number of people aboard a ship traveling from England to the New World.,was a form of slavery.,helped to populate the colonies of Virginia and Maryland.,increased the number of slaves imported to the New World.,D
+1017,us_history,The major crops grown in the Southern colonies,were used within the colonies.,were sold as exports.,depended on small farmers as the major producers.,"made the Southern colonies the ""bread basket"" of the English colonies.",increased the number of indentured servants necessary to produce these crops.,B
+1018,us_history,The social structure that emerged in the colonies by 1750 differed from the social structure in Europe in that the colonial social structure,lacked an aristocratic class.,allowed for greater social mobility than in Europe.,included the Native Americans.,placed the clergy in the middle class.,did not include indentured servants.,B
+1019,us_history,One of the significant effects of the Great Awakening was that it,was a religious revival carried to the colonies from Europe.,led to less competition among churches for worshippers.,led to the founding of Harvard and Princeton.,lessened the influence of the clergy in the colonies.,"was led by the American theologian, George Whitefield.",D
+1020,us_history,The Middle Passage referred to the,crossing of the Atlantic by the Pilgrims.,"conversion of people to the ""elect"" of the Puritan faith.",journey of African slaves from West Africa to the New World.,journey to heaven after death.,transporting of rum across the Atlantic Ocean to Africa as part of Triangular Trade.,C
+1021,us_history,"The trade in slaves, rum, and molasses that took place during the 1700s among the colonies, Africa, and England was called",the Commercial Revolution.,mercantilism.,rum running.,barter.,Triangular Trade.,E
+1022,us_history,"The British government countered the colonists' argument that they were not represented in Parliament and, therefore, could not be taxed by Britain, with the idea of",actual representation.,virtual representation.,divine right rule.,mercantilism.,a classed society.,B
+1023,us_history,"The French and Indian War, which ended in 1763, was significant because it",removed the Native American threat from the colonies.,severely drained the British treasury.,opened up new lands west of the Mississippi River.,gave Florida to France.,signaled a shift in the British policy of salutary neglect to one of British involvement in the affairs of the colonies.,E
+1024,us_history,The Intolerable Acts passed in 1774,affected all the colonies in British North America.,affected only the city of Boston.,resulted in the suspension of the charter of Massachusetts.,led to Shays's Rebellion.,were a direct result of the Townshend Acts.,C
+1025,us_history,"Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense, was significant because it",outlined the reasons for the ratification of the Constitution.,outlined the reasons colonial independence from Great Britain was a logical step for the colonies to take.,was rejected by the colonists as a piece of propaganda.,stated a belief in democracy.,was written by a high-ranking British official who supported colonial independence.,B
+1026,us_history,One of the challenges facing the delegates to the Constitution Convention in 1787 was,where the seat of government was to be located.,the role of the cabinet in the executive branch of government.,the fear of military rule to control the mobs.,the need to balance governmental powers and states' rights.,the need to crush Shays's Rebellion and other similar protests that had been occurring at the time.,D
+1027,us_history,One of the most notable achievements of the Articles of Confederation was its,ability to enforce the laws of the land.,legislation concerning the settlement of the territories acquired from Great Britain at the end of the Revolutionary War.,ability to deal with foreign and domestic commerce.,the establishment of a system of checks and balances.,the flexibility it built into the government by the simple amending process that it established.,B
+1028,us_history,"To convince the states to ratify the Constitution, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote",the Bill of Rights.,the Northwest Ordinance.,The Federalist Papers.,the pamphlet Common Sense.,the Great Compromise.,C
+1029,us_history,Which statement best characterizes the attitude of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention toward the issue of slavery?,The delegates were indifferent to the issue of slavery.,The delegates recognized the need for the expansion of slavery as the nation grew.,The delegates treated slavery as a political issue because it threatened the unity of the nation.,There was a deep concern among the delegates for the plight of the African slave.,The Southern states viewed their role with regard to the slaves as a paternalistic one.,C
+1030,us_history,Washington's administration was significant because it,dealt successfully with the problems between England and France.,dealt effectively with political parties.,"was the first administration and, thus, set precedents for future administrations.",supported the British after the French declared war on Great Britain in 1793.,established a strong political base for the Democratic-Republicans.,C
+1031,us_history,All of the following were part of Hamilton's financial program EXCEPT,"the establishment of the capital of the United States in Washington, D.C.",the funding of the domestic and foreign debt of the United States.,the assumption of state debt.,the levying of excise taxes and tariffs.,the establishment of the Bank of the United States.,A
+1032,us_history,"In his ""Farewell Address,"" delivered in 1796, George Washington counseled the United States to",choose sides carefully in the conflict between England and France.,build a strong Navy.,remain neutral when it came to conflict in Europe.,support England in the conflict with France.,support John Adams and his incoming administration.,C
+1033,us_history,Thomas Jefferson's objection to the Bank of the United States centered around his belief in,loose construction of the Constitution.,implied powers.,the idea that the Bank favored the wealthy Southern planters.,nullification of federal laws by the states.,strict construction of the Constitution.,E
+1034,us_history,"The election of 1800 has often been termed the ""Revolution of 1800."" This refers to the fact that it",marked the first election of a non-Virginian to the presidency since the establishment of the Constitution.,was a peaceful transition of the control of the presidency from a Federalist to a Democratic-Republican.,changed the process of electing the president.,resulted in the election of the first non-Christian to the presidency.,was the first election in which the western section of the country was very influential.,B
+1035,us_history,The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) was significant because it,gave more power to the Republicans.,established the right of the federal government to control interstate commerce.,supported the doctrine of states' rights.,gave the states the power to control interstate commerce.,established the court's power of judicial review.,E
+1036,us_history,The Missouri Compromise (1820) provided for all of the following EXCEPT,the extension of slavery into the Northwest Territory.,for Missouri's entrance into the Union as a slave state.,for Maine's entrance into the Union as a free state.,that there was to be no slavery north of the 36° 30' north latitude line.,that slavery was to be permitted south of the 36° 30' north latitude line.,A
+1037,us_history,The Monroe Doctrine,was enforced by England.,created a sphere of influence for the United States in the Western Hemisphere.,expelled all European nations from the Western Hemisphere.,reiterated the U.S. policy of involvement in world affairs.,was part of the American System proposed by Henry Clay.,B
+1038,us_history,The Whigs were,a Northern party.,a Southern party.,a pro-Bank party.,a pro-nullification party.,a pro-Indian removal party.,C
+1039,us_history,"Who accused John Quincy Adams of making a ""corrupt bargain""?",Henry Clay,Daniel Webster,William Crawford,Andrew Jackson,James Monroe,D
+1040,us_history,Who did not support the idea of nullification?,John C. Calhoun,Thomas Jefferson,James Madison,Robert Hayne,Daniel Webster,E
+1041,us_history,A tariff would protect,cloth made in New England.,cloth made in England.,cotton grown in the South.,wheat grown in the West.,corn grown in New England.,A
+1042,us_history,The Erie Canal connected,North to South.,Midwest to South.,Northeast to West.,Southeast to West.,Southeast to Northeast.,C
+1043,us_history,Match the reform to the reformer. V)    Mental institutions W)    Abolitionism X)    Suffrage Y)    Education Z)    Religion 1)    William Lloyd Garrison 2)    Charles Grandison Finney 3)    Horace Mann 4)    Dorothea Dix 5)    Elizabeth Cady Stanton Answer choices:,"V-4, W-1, X-3, Y-2","V-3, X-5, Y-4, Z-2","V-4, W-1, X-5, Z-2","W-1, X-5, Y-2, Z-4","W-5, X-1, Y-2, Z-4",C
+1044,us_history,"In the South,",all whites held slaves.,slaves told each other Bible stories.,slaves rarely ran away.,there were no free blacks.,all slaveholders were rich.,B
+1045,us_history,The cotton gin,produced cotton cloth faster.,planted cotton seeds faster.,was a curse to the planters.,allowed cotton to be grown profitably further North.,allowed cotton to be grown profitably further West.,E
+1046,us_history,The Irish,settled in cities.,became farmers.,were skilled workers.,were Protestants.,were highly educated.,A
+1047,us_history,The gag rule was favored the most by,Northerners.,Southerners.,Whigs.,Democrats.,Anti-Masons.,B
+1048,us_history,Manifest Destiny involved,slavery.,anti-slavery.,tariff protection for New England manufacturing.,expansion to the west.,Native American rights.,D
+1049,us_history,"David Wilmot, author of the Wilmot Proviso (1846), was a congressman from",California.,South Carolina.,Pennsylvania.,North Carolina.,Kansas.,C
+1050,us_history,Place these events in chronological order: I.    Kansas-Nebraska Act II.    Missouri Compromise III.    secession IV.    Bleeding Kansas V.    Uncle Tom's Cabin published Answer choices:,"II, V, IV, I, III","III, II, I, IV, V","V, IV, I, II, III","II, V, I, IV, III","V, I, II, III, IV",D
+1051,us_history,Which position had the most unpredictable outcome?,No extension of slavery to the west,Supporting a national slave code,Popular sovereignty,Immediate abolition,Gradual abolition,C
+1052,us_history,The Know-Nothings were,pro-immigrant.,anti-immigrant.,supported by slaveholders.,supported by Catholics.,supported by the Ku Klux Klan.,B
+1053,us_history,Why did the Southern states secede after the election of 1860?,They were attacked.,The tariff was too high.,They wanted to preserve slavery.,Virginia encouraged them.,They had lost Missouri.,C
+1054,us_history,"Of the states below, which one was President Lincoln most concerned about how the population felt about the Civil War?",Illinois,Kentucky,Georgia,Mississippi,South Carolina,B
+1055,us_history,Match the battle with its state. V)    Vicksburg1)    Georgia W)    Atlanta2)    Maryland X)    Richmond3)    Mississippi Y)    Gettysburg4)    Virginia Z)    Antietam5)    Pennsylvania Answer choices:,"V-3, W-1, Y-5, Z-2, X-4","V-3, X-4, Y-5, Z-1, W-2","W-1, X-4, Y-5, Z-3, V-2","V-2, W-1, X-4, Y-5, Z-3","W-1, X-3, Y-5, Z-4, V-2",A
+1056,us_history,Place the following events in chronological order: 1)    Lincoln elected 2)    Lincoln took office 3)    Upper South secedes 4)    Lower South secedes 5)    Fort Sumter attacked Answer choices:,"1, 2, 5, 3, 4","3, 4, 1, 2, 5","4, 3, 1, 2, 5","1, 4, 2, 5, 3","1, 5, 3, 4, 2",D
+1057,us_history,Which is the BEST explanation for why the South lost?,They used slaves to fight.,They had poor generals.,They had weak support from the population.,They had too many deserters.,The war lasted too long.,E
+1058,us_history,The Freedman's Bureau was established to,help former slaves find jobs and protect them from discrimination.,help African Americans win election to public office.,help rebuild the transportation networks of the South.,protect African Americans from scalawags and carpetbaggers.,help former slave owners get back on their feet economically after Emancipation.,A
+1059,us_history,"Under the terms of the Compromise of 1877, Republicans maintained control of the White House and agreed to",transfer large sums of money to the Democratic Party.,withdraw federal troops from the South.,push for passage of the 15th Amendment.,give Democrats control of Congress.,raise tariff rates on imported goods.,B
+1060,us_history,"The Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that the former Confederate states, in order to gain readmission to the Union,",ratify the 14th Amendment and guarantee African American men the right to vote.,end slavery.,imprison former Confederate government officials.,have 10 percent of their people sign a loyalty oath to the Constitution of the United States.,nullify Jim Crow laws.,A
+1061,us_history,Pick the correct order for the following events: W)    Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president. X)    The South surrenders to end the Civil War. Y)    The act establishing Radical Reconstruction is passed. Z)    The Emancipation Proclamation is issued. Answer choices:,"X, Z, Y, W","W, Z, X, Y","Z, X Y, W","Z, Y, X, W","X, Y, W, Z",C
+1062,us_history,Which of the following was NOT a major reason for the movement of large numbers of people from the east of the Mississippi River to the west of it during the second half of the 19th century?,People were interested in the free land provided by the Homestead Act.,The completion of the first transcontinental railroad made doing business out west economically feasible.,People were trying to escape the air and water pollution common in the cities of the East.,Soil was becoming depleted in the East.,Strikes of gold and silver lured prospectors out west.,C
+1063,us_history,The Dawes Act,forced Native Americans to be removed from their traditional homelands.,allowed Native Americans to practice their traditional ways within the confines of their reservations.,"encouraged Native Americans to own individual plots of land, which they and their families would cultivate.",allowed Native Americans to establish gambling casinos on their land.,outlawed the ceremonial Ghost Dance.,C
+1064,us_history,The purpose of the Homestead Act was to,attract people to settle in the West.,promote the development of railroad building in the West.,raise revenue for the federal government.,preserve open lands in the West for future generations to enjoy.,transfer large tracts of land to giant agricultural concerns.,A
+1065,us_history,"""Exodusters"" were",Mormons who made the journey from the East to Utah.,ministers who were part of the Second Great Awakening.,Native Americans who were forced off their land by the Indian Removal Act.,African Americans who fled the South in the post–Civil War period.,"farmers who fled the ""Dust Bowl"" during the 1920s and 1930s.",D
+1066,us_history,"""Yellow-dog"" contracts",required African Americans to agree to work as sharecroppers.,were the result of collective bargaining by unions and owners.,were part of the strategy used by owners to prevent the establishment of unions.,were welcomed by craft unions.,were emblematic of Gilded Age corruption.,C
+1067,us_history,The Bessemer process created an inexpensive way to,refine oil.,assemble the parts of an automobile.,create steel.,harvest corn and wheat.,generate electricity.,C
+1068,us_history,The Sherman Antitrust Act,was used successfully to break up trusts.,was welcomed by Andrew Carnegie.,was consistent with the philosophy of social Darwinism.,was used most effectively against striking unions.,strengthened the Clayton Antitrust Act.,D
+1069,us_history,An important trend that characterized American society during the Gilded Age was,harmony and peace at industrial sites.,"clean, efficient government.",a decline of rail transportation and an increase in truck and automobile use.,the continuation of rural traditions.,a growing economy.,E
+1070,us_history,Pick the choice that matches the author with the book he or she wrote. X)    Stephen Crane Y)    Willa Cather Z)    Henry James 1)    My ántonia 2)    The House of Mirth 3)    The Bostonians 4)    The Red Badge of Courage Answer choices:,X-4; Y-2; Z-1,X-2; Y-1; Z-3,X-4; Y-1; Z-3,X-3; Y-2; Z-4,X-2; Y-1; Z-4,C
+1071,us_history,"The ""new immigrants"" of the late 19th and early 20th century were primarily",Anglo-Saxons.,Irish refugees from the potato blight.,from within the Western hemisphere.,Eastern and Southern Europeans.,exiles leaving the United States.,D
+1072,us_history,Pick the answer that matches the person with the idea or movement he or she is associated with. X)    Charles Graham Sumner Y)    Jane Addams Z)    Andrew Carnegie 1)    the gospel of wealth 2)    social Darwinism 3)    pragmatism 4)    the settlement house movement Answer choices:,X-1; Y-2; Z-3,X-2; Y-3; Z-4,X-2; Y-4; Z-1,X-3; Y-4; Z-1,X-3; Y-1; Z-2,C
+1073,us_history,Urban political machines during the Gilded Age,"were scorned by immigrant groups, who were cheated by graft and corruption.",were usually associated with the Republican Party.,often formed alliances with the Women's Christian Temperance Union.,often provided a social safety net in an age when welfare did not yet exist.,were eliminated by the Pendleton Act.,D
+1074,us_history,The term spoilsmen is most appropriately applied to,politicians who supported civil service reform.,miners who destroyed important natural areas.,generals who profited off of America's victory in the Spanish-American War.,"urban ""bosses"" who received kickbacks from contracts between the government and private firms.",party loyalists who expected jobs in exchange for their political work.,E
+1075,us_history,Coxey's Army was,a disgruntled band of poor farmers and indentured servants in colonial Virginia.,a group of farmers who protested the excise tax on whiskey during Washington's administration.,an African American regiment that fought in the Civil War.,an agrarian protest movement against the government's inaction in the wake of the Panic of 1893.,"World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., during the Depression to demand their bonus payments.",D
+1076,us_history,A major source of farmers' problems in the late 19th century was,"the inability to attain new, mechanized farm equipment.",a declining urban market for their goods.,inflation due to an increase in the money supply.,the unwillingness of the next generation to stay in farming.,overproduction and lowered prices on their crops.,E
+1077,us_history,"Granger laws, passed in several states in the 1870s and 1880s,",outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol on a county-by-county basis.,increased the supply of money.,established homesteading on the Great Plains.,regulated the rates railroads could charge farmers.,reformed electoral practices.,D
+1078,us_history,The Platt Amendment and the Roosevelt Corollary are similar in that they both,pushed the Progressive agenda into new areas.,were welcomed by American anti-imperialists who believed in self-determination for all people.,led to war with European powers.,expanded the role of the United States in foreign nations.,were attacked by critics who argued that the president was assuming too much power.,D
+1079,us_history,The Spanish-American War is often considered a turning point in U.S. history because it,helped spark an industrial revolution.,ushered in a period of isolation from world affairs for the United States.,made the United States a significant imperialist power.,led to the formation of the League of Nations.,ended the period of laissez-faire and led to greater government involvement in economic matters.,C
+1080,us_history,The Open Door policy,divided China into spheres of influence.,allowed for U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs.,stated that the United States reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations.,called for free trade with Africa.,called for equal access to trade with China for all nations.,E
+1081,us_history,Alfred Mahan is best known in American history for his argument that,the Philippines should have been granted independence after the Spanish-American War.,"non-Anglo-Saxon peoples are genetically inferior and, therefore, incapable of self-rule.",the United States should develop its naval power and establish overseas colonies if it hoped to be a world power.,Jim Crow laws served the interests of both African Americans and whites in that they maintained social order and harmony.,the power of the industrial giants needed to be reigned in if America were to maintain its democratic government.,C
+1082,us_history,"The devastation caused by a hurricane and flood in Galveston, Texas, in 1900 led to calls for",(A)   the replacement of political machines with more efficient and professional forms of municipal government.,federal projects to divert rivers and build levees.,people to abandon seaside cities and move to higher elevations.,a federal income tax.,a religious reawakening to allay fears of divine punishment.,"A. (A)   the replacement of political machines with more efficient and professional forms of municipal government.
+B. federal projects to divert rivers and build levees.
+C. people to abandon seaside cities and move to higher elevations.
+D. a federal income tax.
+E. a religious reawakening to allay fears of divine punishment.
+ A
+Explanation: 
+The political machine in Galveston was unable to deal with the crisis at hand, and many reformers saw this as evidence that these machines had outlived their usefulness. Calls for federal projects are associated with the New Deal. Abandoning seaside communities never occurred in any significant way. A federal income tax was instituted in 1913 with the passage of the 16th Amendment after protectionist tariffs were reduced. A religious awakening did not occur as a result of the hurricane.
+Previous       Next"
+1083,us_history,The Progressive movement could most accurately be described as a,working-class response to low wages and long hours.,conservative reaction to immigration.,middle-class response to urbanization and industrialization.,rural response to falling farm prices and powerful banks.,Southern response to the power of Northern politicians.,C
+1084,us_history,Theodore Roosevelt used his position as president to,push for measures to protect the environment.,advance a socialist agenda.,reform the banking system.,convince Americans to join World War I.,argue for a strict interpretation of the Constitution.,A
+1085,us_history,The passage of the Federal Reserve Act was important because it,made up for revenue lost by the Underwood Tariff.,centralized financial power in one city—New York.,allowed the president to set interest rates.,created a mechanism to regulate the money supply.,nationalized banks in the United States.,D
+1086,us_history,All of the following led to World War I EXCEPT,the rise of capitalism.,the formation of alliances.,imperialism.,the desire for self-determination among nations.,extreme nationalism.,A
+1087,us_history,The immediate cause of the United States's entrance into World War I was the,assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.,announcement by Germany of the use of unrestricted submarine warfare.,sinking of the Lusitania.,Zimmermann Note.,"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.",B
+1088,us_history,"Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, written in 1918, aimed to",guarantee that all people live under a democracy.,spread U.S. influence in the world.,shift U.S. policy from isolation to involvement.,establish a peacekeeping force in Europe.,prevent future wars by rectifying the causes of World War I.,E
+1089,us_history,Henry Cabot Lodge objected to the League of Nations on the grounds that it,violated the Constitution.,might lead the United States into future wars.,was too idealistic to be workable.,was to be located outside of the United States.,violated the principals of self-determination.,B
+1090,us_history,The National Origins Act of 1924,favored immigration from all parts of Europe because America needed European workers.,greatly reduced the number of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe.,favored immigration from Asia and Africa because the immigrants were likely to work for low wages.,had little impact on the flow of immigrants into the United States.,led to an immigration movement of U. S. residents back to Europe.,B
+1091,us_history,"This African American leader thought the way for African Americans to improve their position in American society was to gain vocational training to obtain jobs in agriculture, craft work, and manufacturing.",Booker T. Washington,W. E. DuBois,Marcus Garvey,Malcolm X,Martin Luther King Jr.,A
+1092,us_history,Margaret Sanger is best known for,being the first female cabinet member in a presidential administration.,devoting her adult life to pushing for women to have the right to vote.,advocating prohibition.,singing jazz songs.,opening the first birth control clinic in the United States.,E
+1093,us_history,Which of the following was not a cause of the Great Migration?,The need for workers in munitions plants during World War I,Lynchings in Southern towns,Jim Crow laws,The Great Depression,The failure of cotton crops in the 1910s,D
+1094,us_history,A major cause of the Depression of 1929 was,too few dollars in circulation.,"overproduction and overconsumption of goods, creating a shortage of goods.","overproduction and underconsumption of goods, causing the prices of goods to decrease.",an increase in the number of exports.,low tariffs.,C
+1095,us_history,"When Herbert Hoover was elected president in 1928, the U.S. economy appeared to be in a",depression.,recession.,period of prosperity.,recovery.,bank crisis.,C
+1096,us_history,FDR and Herbert Hoover differed in that,"FDR believed in rugged individualism, while Herbert Hoover believed that the individual was capable of raising himself/herself above the Depression.","Herbert Hoover believed that the government and the people had a duty to help those suffering from the depression, while FDR believed in laissez-faire.","FDR supported the idea of ""priming the pump"" with government money to end the Depression, while Herbert Hoover believed in direct relief to the people suffering from the Depression.","Herbert Hoover believed in rugged individualism, while FDR believed in ""priming the pump"" with government funds to end the Depression.","FDR was willing to take control of legislation to end the Depression even without the support of Congress, while Herbert Hoover believed in expanding the powers of the presidency to deal with the Depression.",D
+1097,us_history,Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration began with,a court-packing scheme.,an end to speculation in stocks and the stock market.,a decrease in unemployment.,the establishment of the Social Security system.,a bank holiday.,E
+1098,us_history,"Which of the following organizations, born in the 1930s, focused on organizing unskilled workers?",Congress of Industrial Organizations,Industrial Workers of the World,Knights of Labor,American Federation of Labor,Communist Party,A
+1099,us_history,Pick the answer that correctly matches the artist and the cultural product he or she created: X)    John Steinbeck Y)    Frank Capra Z)    Margaret Mitchell 1)    Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 2)    The Good Earth 3)    The Grapes of Wrath 4)    Gone With the Wind 5)    Waiting for Lefty Answer choices:,X-2; Y-4; Z-5,X-3; Y-2; Z-4,X-5; Y-2; Z-2,X-3; Y-4; Z-1,X-3; Y-1; Z-4,E
+1100,us_history,Sit-down strikes proved to be a successful strategy for some unions in the 1930s primarily because they,were enthusiastically supported by the Roosevelt administration.,prevented damage to company property.,prevented the factory owners from carrying on production with strikebreakers.,tended to gain public sympathy.,were protected by federal legislation.,C
+1101,us_history,The National Industrial Recovery Act and the Wagner Act both dealt with the issue of,the government's right to set price controls.,employers' rights to exclude women from their workforce.,workers' rights to organize unions.,states' rights to regulate interstate trade.,corporations' rights to cooperate in setting industrywide standards.,C
+1102,us_history,"The Washington Conference, held in 1921, resulted in",an undermining of the authority of the United Nations.,"treaties of disarmament among Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.",an end to Japanese aggression in China.,the development of the Stimson Doctrine.,the rise of Mussolini in Italy.,B
+1103,us_history,The United States demonstrated its support for the Allies before it entered World War II by,the announcement of the Stimson Doctrine.,its reaction to the sinking of the Panay by Japan.,the adoption of the policy of Lend-Lease.,its participation in the League of Nations.,its participation in the Washington Conference in 1921.,C
+1104,us_history,All of the following were principles outlined in the Atlantic Charter by FDR and Winston Churchill EXCEPT,freedom of the seas.,self-determination.,disarmament.,the destruction of Nazi tyranny.,territorial aggrandizement by Great Britain and the United States.,E
+1105,us_history,Which of the following was a result of the Munich Pact of 1938?,The rise of Franco in Spain,The nonaggression treaty signed between the USSR and Germany in 1939,The German invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1939,V-E Day,The Atlantic Charter,C
+1106,us_history,NATO was formed primarily to stop the spread of Communism in,Asia.,Europe.,South America.,Africa.,the Middle East.,B
+1107,us_history,"In the years after World War II, President Truman's foreign policy was focused chiefly on",nuclear testing.,economic growth in underdeveloped countries.,containment of international communism.,diplomatic relations with Eastern European nations.,creation of cultural links with Red China.,C
+1108,us_history,The reaction by Western Europe to the Berlin blockade was the,invasion of East Germany.,threat to increase nuclear arms.,use of spy satellites.,boycott of Soviet goods.,Berlin airlift.,E
+1109,us_history,"For Western Europe, the Marshall Plan provided",military assistance.,cultural links.,technology.,economic aid.,medical goods and equipment.,D
+1110,us_history,Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were tried for and found guilty of,spying for Nazi Germany.,inciting opposition to World War II.,being communists.,providing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.,violating tax laws.,D
+1111,us_history,Which of the following was NOT considered an important factor in the rise of suburbia after World War II?,The building of new highways,The G.I. Bill,The construction of new train lines,White flight,A housing shortage in cities following World War II,C
+1112,us_history,All of the following are associated with the anti-communist movement of the late 1940s and 1950s EXCEPT the,"hearings of the ""Hollywood Ten.""",trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.,McCarren Act.,G.I. Bill.,Army-McCarthy hearings.,D
+1113,us_history,William Levitt is often compared to Henry Ford because they both,invented new products that changed American society.,standardized production of particular products.,used extensive government funding to advance particular projects.,created products that only the wealthy could afford.,publicly supported the rise of fascism in Europe.,B
+1114,us_history,Which of the following is associated with the Kennedy administration?,Medicare,Medicaid,Alliance for Progress,The 24th Amendment,The ESEA,C
+1115,us_history,Baker v. Carr was concerned with,the Bill of Rights.,presidential succession.,criminal rights.,the poll tax.,legislative reapportionment.,E
+1116,us_history,"Who of the following proposed that the nation declare a ""war on poverty""?",John F. Kennedy,Richard Nixon,Barry Goldwater,Lyndon B. Johnson,Earl Warren,D
+1117,us_history,"According to the Immigration Act of 1965, the main criteria for admission to the United States would be an applicant's",gender.,race.,country of origin.,occupation.,education.,D
+1118,us_history,Which organization was not involved in the Civil Rights Movement?,SNCC,UFW,CORE,SCLC,NAACP,B
+1119,us_history,Place these Civil Rights milestones in chronological order. 1)    Montgomery bus boycott 2)    Birmingham desegregation demonstrations 3)    voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery 4)    Brown v. Board of Education 5)    Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins Answer choices:,"1, 4, 2, 5, 3","4, 1, 5, 2, 3","4, 5, 1, 2, 3","5, 2, 4, 1, 3","1, 5, 4, 3, 2",B
+1120,us_history,The goal of the Freedom Rides was to desegregate,lunch counters.,school buses.,bus stations.,interstate buses.,trains.,C
+1121,us_history,The landmark Brown v. the Board of Education Supreme Court decision on school desegregation was based on,the 14th Amendment equal protection clause.,"the 13th Amendment, which ended slavery.",the 5th Amendment due process clause.,the Bill of Rights.,the doctrine of strict scrutiny.,A
+1122,us_history,Put the following events in order from oldest to most recent. 1)    Geneva Accords 2)    Tonkin Gulf 3)    Dien Bien Phu 4)    The Tet offensive 5)    The assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem Answer choices:,"2, 3, 4, 1, 5","4, 3, 2, 5, 1","3, 1, 5, 2, 4","3, 1, 4, 2, 5","2, 3, 5, 1, 4",C
+1123,us_history,Nixon's policy in Vietnam was called,Rolling Thunder.,Vietnamization.,containment.,immediate withdrawal.,pacification.,B
+1124,us_history,Vietnam revisionism is a belief that,immediate peace was necessary.,America lost the war because of a lack of congressional support.,the demonstrators lost the war.,the Army did not fight hard enough.,the Vietnamese were tougher than we had expected.,B
+1125,us_history,"In 1968, President Johnson did not run for re-election because",he had already served two full terms.,he had lost the New Hampshire primary.,he wanted to negotiate a peace.,his health was failing.,Eugene McCarthy came in a close second in the New Hampshire primary.,E
+1126,us_history,Which was the most important reason for the early growth of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Free Speech Movement (FSM)?,Drugs,Government lies,The high divorce rate,Optimism caused by the postwar boom,The nuclear threat,D
+1127,us_history,Which did the Beatles influence the LEAST?,Students For a Democratic Society (SDS),American rock and roll,Hippies,Timothy Leary,Yippies,A
+1128,us_history,Match the book and the author: A)    Growing Up Absurd B)    The Power Elite C)    The Art of Loving D)    The Way of Zen E)    Steal This Book 1)    Alan Watts 2)    Abbie Hoffman 3)    Paul Goodman 4)    C. Wright Mills 5)    Eric Fromm Answer choices:,"A-3, B-4, C-5, E-2","B-4, C-1, D-4, E-2","B-5, C-1, D-3, E-2","A-5, B-4, D-1, E-2","B-4, C-3, D-1, E-2",A
+1129,us_history,The key reason for the slowing of protests after 1971 was that,America was winning in Vietnam.,the government became more responsive.,the draft ended.,all the major battles had been won.,the government cracked down on protesters.,C
+1130,us_history,"Which of the following statements from the Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848 was NOT a concern of the feminist movement of the 1970s? I.    He has usurped the prerogative of Jehovah himself, claiming it as his right to assign for her a sphere of action, when that belongs to her conscience and to her God. II.   He has endeavored, in every way that he could, to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life. III.  Now, in view of this entire disfranchisement of one-half the people in this country, we insist that [women] have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as women. Answer choices:",I,II and III,III,I and III,I and II,C
+1131,us_history,The Carter Administration faced,the Iran-Contra scandal.,the energy crisis.,record deficits.,Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.,revolution in Jamaica.,B
+1132,us_history,Nixon resigned because,he was impeached.,the Senate voted to impeach him.,there were too many demonstrations.,he was threatened with impeachment and did not have support in the Senate.,he had lied to Congress.,D
+1133,us_history,Match the author with the book: A)    Rachel Carson B)    Betty Friedan C)    Kate Millet D)    Paul Ehrlich E)    Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward 1)    Sexual Politics 2)    All the President's Men 3)    The Population Bomb 4)    Silent Spring 5)    The Feminine Mystique Answer choices:,"A-4, B-1, D-2, E-3","B-1, C-5, D-2, E-3","B-5, C-3, D-4, E-2","A-1, C-5, D-3, E-2","A-4, B-5, C-1, D-3",E
+1134,us_history,Ronald Reagan was called the Great Communicator because,he always told the truth.,he memorized his speeches.,he connected with people.,he had been an actor.,it was his nickname as a radio announcer.,C
+1135,us_history,Supply-side economics was designed to,increase demand by cutting taxes.,provide more goods and services.,provide money for new business investment by cutting taxes.,make government grow.,cut the size of the government.,C
+1136,us_history,Who did not vote for Bush in large numbers in 1988?,Southerners,Women,Those with high incomes,Residents of Maine,Reagan Democrats,B
+1137,us_history,"Which issue is least emphasized by ""family values"" advocates?",Abortion,Stay-at-home mothers,Religion,Homosexuality,Education,E
+1138,us_history,Bill Clinton's presidency was marked by,a period of prosperity for the nation.,an absence of political dissension between the Republicans and the Democrats.,peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians.,an isolationist foreign policy.,the passage of the Contract with America.,A
+1139,us_history,The people of the United States demonstrated their disapproval of Clinton's first two years in office by,holding demonstrations in Washington to express their displeasure.,appointing a special counsel to investigate Bill Clinton.,electing Republicans to Congress in 1994.,electing New Democrats to Congress in 1994.,impeaching Bill Clinton.,C
+1140,us_history,Bill Clinton supported free-trade policies by signing the,free-trade agreement with France.,North American Free Trade Agreement.,Dayton Accord.,order imposing sanctions on Japanese trade with the United States.,agreement to establish multinational companies.,B
+1141,us_history,The Election of 2000 was significant because,the Supreme Court of Florida decided the election.,"Katherine Harris, a Democrat, validated the election.",Al Gore won more popular votes than George W. Bush but lost the election.,"Jeb Bush, the brother of George W. Bush, was governor of Florida.",George W. Bush was the first son to follow his father into the presidency.,C
+1142,us_history,"In his 2001 ""War on Terror"" speech to Congress, George W. Bush demanded the Taliban do all of the following EXCEPT",immediately close all terrorist camps.,release all foreign prisoners.,transfer all terrorists on Afghani soil to the United States.,hand over Saddam Hussein.,give U.S. troops access to terror camps to ensure compliance.,D
+1143,us_history,Mortgage-backed securities are,bundles of subprime mortgages traded like stocks.,low-interest loans offered to people with troubled credit histories.,another name for adjustable-rate mortgages.,recession-proof investments.,stable assets.,A
+1144,us_history,George W. Bush's immigration reform policy can best be described as,amnesty for all people who immigrated to the U.S. illegally.,"unrealistic, in that it refused to acknowledge illegal immigrants who were already working in the United States.",a policy to deport immediately all illegal immigrants.,a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants already working in the United States coupled with measures to restrict more from entering.,a way to safeguard American jobs for U.S. citizens.,D
+1145,us_history,The Bush Doctrine refers to,"a policy of unilateral, preemptive strikes against suspected terrorist threats against the United States and its allies.",a program of tax cuts to spark economic activity.,a policy of creating an international coalition of forces to crush terrorist threats.,rebuilding the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina.,a systematic plan to encourage environmental initiatives to prevent global warming.,A