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"content": "<table><tr><td>Def.9 ~' : D \u00f7 Vp The meaning affix mapping : f , where D is the set of all areas This subspace is divided into two: concepts: subject, object and action. (4) Reduction of P-markers to generator P-mar-(17) the state of emotions and the degree of And there are three types of unifica-kers The parsed P-marker in the sur-emotion's subspaces. Usually the area is computed both on tions as follows; face level is transformed into a genera-*Mutual dependency: composition of tran-tive P-marker in the deep level. in the space I. @' assigns an area the subject and the indirect object. sitive verb with direct object, and com-If recognition is failed in each step, ( a concept in semantic map ) to a token Sorts of emotions are joy, anger, pity, position of direct object with indirect the degree of potential for question is or string of tokens ( words ) in the syntactic level. We interpretea sentence through fear, love, hatred and sadness etc. is computed by adjectives, verbs object. increased. And if the degree of poten-*Uni-directional dependency: composition tial for question exceeds the threshold,</td><td colspan=\"2\">three subspaces: action driving, an area in the space, w:exterior Descriptions of entities and relation-emo-operator schema automatically. on the space, if ~-1(u)=d and ~-1(v)=~, ships are managed as follows: On the contrary, in the academic use tional and sense subspaces. then the area corresponding to a phrase \" uv \" is formed by \" md \" in the space. (i) when we quote one entity, or when we of the database or in our thinking, the express one entity's properties, a par-universe of knowledge is not fixed, and There are four types in the exterior ticular area in the information space is is growing according to the input data operators as follows: pointed out. from the circumstances. (a) Restricting to limit, e.g. very (b) Settlement of range, (2) when we express two or more entities So we introduce View (Aspect) for and relationships among them, a direct integrating the same object in different</td></tr><tr><td>used-rewriting avoid ambiguity and nouns that interjections. of the subject a question to resolve rules, we extend so in order express emotions, And ~ is determined and verb ( phrase the ambiguity *Mutual independency: composition formed, and is utterd. V \u00a2 to P, i.e. to and by ). is of two : D \u00f7 P P (18) the degree of words listed above, ad-clauses by a coordinate conjunction. [2] Range check</td><td>(i) Extension (2) Reduction product of two or more of range, of range, areas records. A group of experimental e.g. e.g. of entitie~ all small data, and an area of the relationship is group of sentences in a book, etc., have (c) Inversion of range, e.g. unpresant pointed out. Both entity-subspace and the same view. This view is different</td><td>a</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">s voca-and into two: vocabulary, of V., R is a set of phrase S is an initial structure where subset r~writing rules. The other side V is divided V=V U V a, where V is significant bulary, An intersectlon of V with V~ is not always null. P A generation tree, i.e. derivation tree of a sentence is called a P.marker (phrase marker), and the set of all P-markers generated by G is written as P=P(G). The terminal string extracted from the treetop of the P-marker is called a sentence, and the set of all sentences generated by G, is written as L(G), and is called the language gene-rated from the grammar G. The P-marker sets and the set of all sub-P-markers gotten by decomposing P are called ~niverse of P-markers, and written as P. Def.7 The Semantic Algebraic System:~i The semantic algebraic systen~ ~I is defined as ~I = < I, I I, E I> (15) where I is the information space defined by GT, and IT, E T are the interior and extePior operators on I respectively. Generally speaking interior operators are functlons I I (n~2), and exterior operators are functions I\u00d72\u00f7I, where is an exterior operator. Def.8 The Syntactic Algebraic S~tem:~s The syntactic algebraic system is defined as ~s = < P' Is' Es > (16) where ~ is a set of P-markers generated by G, and I and E are the interior and exterior op~ratorsSon ~. (d) Shift or limit the value of reliability in a relationship-subspace are topological from the view in the relational model. in the the estimating subspace, e.g. infer. information spaces. Then the composed A group of fragmentary data with the functional point of view. The reply sub-space expresses Sorts of limiting are conclusion, space become a topological space too. same view is checked whether they can \" answer by language \", and the action subpace expresses presumption, hearsay, degree, possibi-On receiving we listen or read the be integrated to one object if they ex-the actions except utterance, e.g. lity, question, negation & emphasis. sentences, analyze them lexically, parse press the same object. A group of frag-eat. The words are mapped from (ii) The interior operators There them, get the P-marker in the surface mentary data, which has the view that the areas in the space by the meaning affix are four levels in the interior operators level, transform it to the deep P-marker, contains or is contained by the input map-ping @ and the operator mapping as follows: words, phrases, clauses and map it to the derivation tree of the data view, is checked whether they can ~ as follows: if one receives words sentences. Let a,c ~Vp%, beVG%, \u00a2-1(a)=a, topological information space generative be integrated to one object or not. which arouse actions, one finds form of actions in this subspace by ~-~ and finds driving potentials The meaning affix mapping ~ is defined on the following types of words: verbs which arouse actions (for example, ask, order etc.), imperative and interroga-tive forms of verbs, and auxiliary ~-1(c)=y, ~-1(b)=B, grammar, find the corresponding areas, [5] Feeling and Ordering interpretation a,T ~ D, B ~{binary operators over the space}. compose the areas and relationship among (I) The feeling interpretation Then them, interprete the message, update the In the action arousing subspace, 6=~-l(abc)=~'l(a).~-l(b).~-l(c)=~T. {1} The interior operators memory, and respond the required actions. whether action is required or not is common to each level These two processes are inverse examined, where the action means res-(space) (operators) (syntaxi synthesis relation, so we here describe in detail ponses by hands, speech or writing so o~ of areas + these processes in the latter case. There are emotional and feeling sub-enumeration in, by+ We depict processing steps in Fig.2. spaces. As for the emotional-state, the verbs of prohibition and wish Sum: parallel logical sum []] Lexical analysis and Parsing conditions of the sender and the recei-so on. The meaning affix mapping ex. red and white tulips, In this step syntactic processing is ver are judges by particular words con-designates Selection: selection exclusive or carried out. There are four recognition cerning emotions. As for the emotional only \" forms of actions aroused \", and ex, either You or I, levels of syntax as follows: state, the same judgement is executed. \" the content of actions \" is designated by the area in I . For example, Product: series logical product (i) Rec.og.nizing phonemes & characters (2) Ordering information interpretation impera-tive sentence \" VRead \" is managed ex. beautiful and healthy. The received phonemes or' ch'aracters For described events, before-and-as follows. The form of action {2} The interior operators in words are checked whether they belong to per-after relations on time, and cause-and-is desig-nated \" ordinary imperative Compound words in syntax are corres-missible phonemes or characters. effect relations are judged. \", and a action \" to read \" is designated ponding to these operators. Usually the (2) Lexical analysis Input strings These informations are used in deduction as a corresponding area in I operator is designated by a rewriting are divided by the word delimiters, and and induction of theorems from axioms, subspace. \u2022 V The operator mapping ~ has following functions, As for verbs listed above, the aroused degree of the action rule in the syntax, and V G does not appear in the compound words. This oper-ator limits the area expressed by the recognized as words. Words are checked whether they are contained and in management of subjunctive mode. in the token-dictionary E6] Evaluation of the received contents or not. After the grammatical valuation of is designated. And if there main word in the compound word by the (3) Parsing & Deriving P-markers input sentences and semantic interpreta-is an adverb that modifies a verb, and its adverb expresses the degree, area expressed by the subordinated word. For example, the conceptual area of \" Delimiters of sentences are searched and each sentence is parsed. tion in the space, following managements If ambiguity are carried out: evaluation of communi-$ is designated by the degree expressed letter paper \" is the restricted area of occurs in parsing, all feasible P-markers cated contents, and judgement of logical by the adverb, for example, a word \" abs0]ute]y \" \" paper \" for a letter. are listed up. validity. These managements are executed designates \" extreme \" degree. (ii) The emotional subspace The emotional subspace is used to ex-{3} The interior operators in phrases These operators resemble to the oper-ators in the words. But in this level, by inferences using deductions, induc-O~_erational (19) (20) (21) in algebraic The operator mapping : : O I Def.lO ~ O s where 01 = Pi U ~u IiU E I O s = RUVGU IsU E s assigns the semantic operator the semantic space to the syntactic operator in the syntax. 4. THE SEMANTIC ALGEBRAIC SYSTEM IN ENGLISH We will show the semantic system in English briefly. Fig.l shows the outline of G I. []] The organization of the support in E.n.gl.ish .--% o.rganization of the .meaning subs.p.ac.e. ---The mean'ing subspace is used to ex-press the topology among concepts. It consists of three subspaces: intellec-tual, feeling, The intellectual subspace is a field to represent, state and judge. The feeling subspace is a field to ex-press out actions, emotions and senses. The ordering subspace is a field to express the ordering of events or the informations. ~ (I) The intellectual s.u.bspace In Engl'ish there are four typical intellectual subspaces: {i} nouns or noun phrases, {2} adjectives or adjec~ve phrases, {3} adverbs, {4} verbs. These four subspaces are written as IN, verbs, and emphasizing styles. {5} The interior operators in sentences The value of property of the input (~i) The sense subspace There are two methods of composition data is checked whether it is out of Kinds of senses are the senes of by a coordinate junction or nesting. range of permissible interval or not, sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and (2) The feeling subspace i.e. range check of property value is internal organs. These senses are awoke This information does not always carried out. Because in the information by direct excitations and by particular appear, but if it appears it designates space, the domain of property value is words in conversation. Incase of words, the state of feeling between the sender defined by the topological information there are two types as follows: and the receiver. space generative grammar. This process {I} The words which designate a certain (3) The ordering subspace is divided into two sub-processes: sense area in the space, for example, dazzling, hungry. These words are mapped by @-i into the sense subspace. {2} The words which activate the poten-tial of a certain area in the sense esti-mating subspace. For example, a word \" rain \" arouses the sense of cold and chilly in Japan. The sense potential is (i) The exterior operators (i) the validity judgement of the con-A shift or limitation of the value ceptual area that is mapped from the in the ordering axis is designated by words or phrases in the input sentences, the inflection of verbs and tense. i.e. the check for grammatical sentence~ (~) The interior operators (~) meta-description of a virtual world, Conjunctions designate interior i.e. the definition of words or assumtion operators. The operators are classified of property values etc. \"' A ' is defined into subjunctive, indicative and impera-to be ' B '\" is interpreted that the raised by these words, and the degree is tive groups in the modal point of view, range of @(B) is adjusted to @(A) by computed by ~-i Also operators are divided into copula-modifying the characteristic functions The stimuli from the five organs of tive, alternative, adversative, disjunc-of A for the virtual view. sense are gained by actual experiences, tive and illative conjunctive groups in [3] Intellectual interpretation but the stimuli by words request to the conjunctive point of view. The object is definitely prescribed image the same experience as a speaker. to be in such a situation, and is managed (3) The o.rd.ering subspace 5. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL as follows. This subspace expresses ordering ON TIIE INFORMATION SPACE MODEL (i) The intellectual prescription series of domains in time or in logic. Our communication is carried out bi-In this step the focussed conceptual Usually the ordering axis is a real time directionary. On sending we compose a area is pointed out to interprete the axis of (-~,~), and is divided into three areas: past, present, and future. But present is the relative value, and concept which we want to communicate oth-ers, next point out a corresponding area in the topological information space, map communicated intention, and the area is mapped from the words, phrases, clauses or sentences. This means the specializa-has meaning of only a time base. an area or areas to tokens in the syntax tion of universal predicates. An element (i) Ordering the events This designates the occurrence time by the meaning affix mapping ~ or oper-ator mapping ~, form the P-marker in the of direct product of IA, IN, Iv, .. etc. are pointed out. of the contents described in the inte-deep level, get the sentences, and at (2) Correlation llectual and feeling subspaces. last speak or write sentences. The corr'elation between subject and IA, ID, and I v respectively. They constitute the support of the system, but some of adverbs correspond to the operators, for example, There are two kinds of time assign-ment, one is simple: past, present, or future. The other is composite: perfect, object in the sentence is clarified, and Input ~I Lexicai Analysis~ semantics I i Output Utterance the relationship among entities tions and arithmetic operations on areas are ::: investigated, and the cases of each in the space. By these.processing, con-word \"very\". These four subspaces are composed to the higher level by nesting each other. (2) The feeling subspace The feeling subspace is divided into press emotions of a speaker and a hearer, and to modify a criterion level of decision of taking action, and this subspace does not arouse immediate actions. i<information space> \u00f7 <meaming ss>.<estimating ss> Pl <meaning subspace> \u00f7 <intellectual ss>.<feeling ss>.<ordering ss> <estimating subspace> \u00f7 <reliability ax>.<activity ax>.<occurrence probabilLty ax>.< . .>. .. <i~teIiectu~ subspace> + <noun ss>|<adjective ss> l<adverb ss>I<verb ss> <feeling subspace> \u00f7 <action d~iving ss>.<emotio~l ss>.<sense ss> <action driving subspace> + <reply ss>.<action ss> <emotional subspace> \u00f7 <state of emotions ss>.<degree of emotions ss> <ordering subspace> \u00f7 <events ordering ss>.<cau~ality ordering ss> <events ordering subspace> \u00f7 <seasons> <months> l <times> I< ...71... p2:<reliability axis> + I . . <seasons> \u00f7 S, .. '. i where ss means \"subspace\", and ax means \"axis\" ) I \u00f7 \u00d7 , ( O<x<l ) I \u00f7 [0,]] , ... P3A: $ \u00f7 P3T: 5 + <spring> <samm~z > <autumn> <wimZ~> <s p~ing > l <~m~ > l <a~tamn> l <wi~ > Fig.] data is integrated to the conceptual A part of the rewriting ru]es Jn the information space generative grammar simultaneous, or delay. The composite assignment designates ordering in time or in logic among clauses or events. (ii) Ordering the causality As for logic, input clauses are classified into two groups: one is a group of assumption or causes, the other is a group of conclusion or effects. And a suitable causality type is assigned to each clause. [2] OPERATORS IN ENGLISH (i) The intelle'ctual subspace (i) The exterior operators The ex-terior operators modify or restrict the conceptual area in a specified axis, and there are two types as follows: the value-shift type and the quantifier type. For example, let u ~Vpf , v ~VG\u00a2 , and d: not only rewriting rules but, also V~ such as \" the monkey in a cage designates an operator too. In case of noun phrases there are two kernels:V and one VG, and these are mapped to oneParea. In case of adjective phrases or adverb phrases such as \" in a cage \", there are one kernel V and one V~, so the lack of V_ causes F t~at these phrases are mapped to unary operators in the space. A phrase has a ease, and each phrase is attached a pair of the concept and I Parsing 1 ~ -~ ~ -~ \u2022'~---~ : ~1 ']' A-1 % ~< S ntax .... > ( P-markers ) % ~yn~ax l~Ctlonary * , % , ! >I Range check I I Concept Prescriptionl --i; is made clear; there are following cases firming the validity on the communicated Description (P-mar%.ers) Sentence I contents, and drawing new conclusions Agentive, Factitive, Objective, Dative, from inputs and knowledge, are executed. State, Action arousing, Emotional, Feel-(I) Arithmetic operations ing, Time, Cause, Result, Degree, Loca-Arithmetic operations are used in tive and Goal cases so on. As for cases we don't make verbs special treatment as deduction, induction and other manage-Generation the dependency model, so verbs are as-m~nts. There are following property-types: [ ! Integration signed cases, too. D: a power set of areas, ~(File) The correlated tuples H: a power set of hyperplanes, of conceptual check ( Conceptual areas )--~ Feeling, Ordering --~(F areas are filed with cases. V: a power set of values P I Updating [4] Integration E: a power set of estimating value. check e) In bussiness database systems, the And following kinds of operations exist. Induction its case. {4} The interior operators in clauses The process of composing clauses from words and phrases is corresponding to the unification of some conceptual areas as follows. There are three main \u2022 ' ~ Interpretation --< Knowledge Dictionary conceptual schema for the enterprise is D \u00d7 H \u00d7V \u00d7 *D \u00d7 H \u00d7 V \u00d7 E Deduction analyzed at set-up-time, and the most (2) Evaluation of Declaration J Evaluation Fig.2 The Information Processing Model suitable schema is selected, and is not time-variant. The input informations are checked And the correspondence between the external schema whether they contradict with the data and the con-ceptual schema is preset, that are already input and confirmed, so the input (3) Deduction and Induction</td></tr><tr><td/><td>96-</td><td/></tr></table>", |
