| { | |
| "paper_id": "C96-1015", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T12:50:32.573405Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "Monotonic Paradigmatic Schemata in Italian Verb Inflection(*)", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "", | |
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| "paper_id": "C96-1015", | |
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| "abstract": [], | |
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| "text": "PaPadignl-MoPt)hology all(| Illalian inflect;ion li,alia.u lnlle('t,i()n gl'llclgillgl',, I('ll~l,~ ii,.~ell I{) I lie ilO l, ion i,hal, M{)rl)holo<~y is ;ill iliVelil.()l'y ()[' ileliis, ('ailed niol'ph(~.lli(e-;, {'()ilsi,~iiii~_,; {)1' :ill arl)it,i'ary asso (gal,ion o[' a ['o1'111 (a ('olllillll() il,q i}h(}u()l{)g] - ('al s(~(lllell('(' r) l' >~i.l'hi<q of {'hal'a ('l.(g's) ;lll(] a w(ql de [ille{I ilni(lU(~ i) orl,ioli ()[' lllorli]l()l()~ic;ll ine;lUil~,io' eXl)l'(,,~se(I 1,hrough nlorl)ll()~.vnl.a(q.ic :/il{l/{ir I(~xi{'M l'eal, iire,~. iudic:a.l,ive oHly), each oI' which cau occur wil, h pa,rl, icula, r in [lecl, iona, l eHding~ arid uot, wit:h ol,h er,~. 'l'his I)l:operl,.y, whi(:h exl;en(Is 1;o ;ill basic (i.e.", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 262, | |
| "end": 302, | |
| "text": "(gal,ion o[' a ['o1'111 (a ('olllillll()", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 324, | |
| "end": 346, | |
| "text": "('al s(~(lllell('(' r)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 372, | |
| "end": 381, | |
| "text": "('l.(g's)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 399, | |
| "end": 419, | |
| "text": "[ille{I ilni(lU(~ i)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 623, | |
| "end": 666, | |
| "text": "[lecl, iona, l eHding~ arid uot, wit:h ol,h", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "1", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Hou deriva.Liv(~ a.nd uon iu(qloal~ix, e) irregular [t:aliau verbs (al)oul: 200) aim ha.s va.riously I)eeu (q/aPa(q.('rised iu Lhe lil.era{.ur(' in lxwu~s ol' \"re{:ipro(:a.l ('oll<lil.i()HiHg\", \"h<'~l:ePo(:lMs\" a.ml ol,herwise, ra.i~es ill<' issue o1' wha{ regular i)ro{'e.~,~ governs sl{qll ~el ('cl, iou. 'l'radil,ioualIy, re{qpro{:al ('() Wil,h ;l goo(I i/i~lli}, \\'el'l)s, illllOilg which 'l'l')Nl']l/,b) is a case iu i)oin{,, [I()W~'W(71', l,he (lisl,l'il)ul, ionai (lill>ereu{:e 1)ei,weeu l,wo <d,el/l,~ ('ai/ I)e hll' ('rre(1 neil, hei' ['roln ali.V ~.'V, '~l, C'lllat, i(' <lill'er('ii(:(' hi IliOi; l) ]l()~yiii,a(%i(! f(;al.ure C()lileul, (wllich a ,~iilgle iii()i'l)hologi{!a] Uliil. is l)url)orl,e{] 1,o {:()llVey), l/OP l'l'(.}lil ordina.i'y i)houologi ('a.l conM(l(w.. al.ioii,~. I) araclig~ni~ o[l'er all e(:oliouli{' aud elega.lll; wa),' to ca.l)l,ilr( ~ a.II ihe.~e i'acl,.~.", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 296, | |
| "end": 341, | |
| "text": "('cl, iou. 'l'radil,ioualIy, re{qpro{:al ('()", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 525, | |
| "end": 538, | |
| "text": "('rre(1 neil,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 539, | |
| "end": 562, | |
| "text": "hei' ['roln ali.V ~.'V,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 563, | |
| "end": 567, | |
| "text": "'~l,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 568, | |
| "end": 576, | |
| "text": "C'lllat,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 577, | |
| "end": 607, | |
| "text": "i(' <lill'er('ii(:(' hi IliOi;", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 608, | |
| "end": 610, | |
| "text": "l)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 766, | |
| "end": 796, | |
| "text": "('a.l conM(l(w.. al.ioii,~. I)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "1", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "In Morl)h()iogy, a \\;erl) i)a.ra(ii<~in deiine~ a sel, o[' {'ells wiiere f'ullv hill(:{q,ed word ['oriil~ ape i}ah'ed \\vii,h a (:Ollil)lel;e iiiorl)ho.~ynl;ax%i(: ['c'al, ul'e Sl)e(gfi- ('ai,ic, n relle(%ing {,he way r(~ievanl, {:oiljugal,ioila[ (lillleiisiolls Sli(:h a~ {,(~l] .$e, I/lOOd, I)('T~Oll, Illllil-I)el', a.nd verl) cla.ss (:oiiil)iiie. I)ara.di~lii~ (le [inea dittlenMon of ulorl)llologi(:ai aiialy,qs \\vflich Clll,~ a(:i'o,~s l, lle ~l)e{:i,i:lllii oF i)ol,h Ima(lil,ioiull illOrl)helli(\" ail(I I)r()ce~-I)a~ed ;/S,~lllill)l.lOll~: ,~1,1'('~<~ i,~ i;li{I t)l/ l,he way uioPl)hol{igi{:a.l l/lOallill<~ is s,y,~lelll;ll.i (!aliy , '4(, Pil(q, lll'(\"(I ill stem. I,'or a giwm verb class, ~m.eh inHeet, ional ending presupposes and is presupposed by any other pa.radigmatically-related inllectional ending (Wurzel 1989) . This is illustrat\u00a2~d in tile exampies of the present indicatiw~ paradigm of irregular Italian verbs given below, where a bhmk separates the stem from the inllectiona.I encling a . Besides the intralexelnie eharacte|' of Wurzel's presupl)osition relation l:m.radigms also exhibit systematic interlexemic redundancies in stem selection (Pirrelli and Federici tg.q/I). ' ['li',NE] Zl.E and VENH{.I!3 ('come'), in spite of I:heir 1)elonging to difDrent eon~iugationa.] classes (resl)~,ctively second and third), exhibit an identical I)attern of stem alternation, as illustrated in the Imradigmarie sclw.ma of grid ?1 below, where sanlencss of index expresses sa.meness of stem form a.tion:", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 163, | |
| "end": 175, | |
| "text": "['c'al, ul'e", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 186, | |
| "end": 278, | |
| "text": "('ai,ic, n relle(%ing {,he way r(~ievanl, {:oiljugal,ioila[ (lillleiisiolls Sli(:h a~ {,(~l]", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 635, | |
| "end": 643, | |
| "text": "(!aliy ,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 644, | |
| "end": 648, | |
| "text": "'4(,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 649, | |
| "end": 655, | |
| "text": "Pil(q,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 656, | |
| "end": 668, | |
| "text": "lll'(\"(I ill", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 817, | |
| "end": 830, | |
| "text": "(Wurzel 1989)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1201, | |
| "end": 1210, | |
| "text": "['li',NE]", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
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| "section": "~t;oiu AILerna{ion and Choice", | |
| "sec_num": "2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "The grid is also a.pplicable to the present indicative of I)OLEIU'; ('hurt') given above, independently of |;Ire substantial variatio|l in phonological content between the stems of 1)OLEI-{E and those of VF, NIIU); and TEN]);I{I)'. When things are o1> served el. the proposed level of a.l)stra.etion, surprisingly f(~w paradigmatic schcJnata, unspecified for phonological eontent and eolllbillcd with appropriate conjugational classes of endings, suffice to generalize ()vet: the entire II;a.lia.n conjugation system (Spencer 1988, Pirrelli l.q.q3).", | |
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| "section": "~t;oiu AILerna{ion and Choice", | |
| "sec_num": "2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "There exists a direct relationship between the number of st;am a.lternants of a verb and the paradigmatic schema tire verb con%tins to. Under the assuml~tion that three stem alternants rl. r2 and \"r3 are used for present indieative, they most often distribute according to grid I al)ove. Similarly, the present indieatiw', of' a two-stem verb rarely departs from grid 2.", | |
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| "section": "~t;oiu AILerna{ion and Choice", | |
| "sec_num": "2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "There is a noneml/ty int, ersee~io|~ between schemata I and 2 (grid :3): a cet't.a.in amount tin l,hc paradigm of Cofllim'\u00a2 |.he st;era alt.e,.rnang coglis tin'ned into cogliin l;hc t.hirdq)c,'son singu Ira\" and second-person plural of tim /)rese.nl; indicative by some sepm'atc readjustment, l'tll(!S. of combine|eric redundancy carries over fl'ont a three-stem paradignl to a two-stem paradigm, hi particular, i) the same stem shows up in the firstperson singular and third-person plural, ii) r/has the same distribution in the two schemata, iii) 'rl occupies the slots left empty by the missing third stem alternant, so that I, he constraint that stem atterna.nts in eells 2s and 3s are assigned 1,he same index is not violated. A quick look a.t the. lmra.digm of completely regular verbs (i.e. w'xbs with no stem alternation) confirms this trend: r2 disappears, but its slots are taken over by rl. [n a nutshell, rl is the default surface stem alternant ~md normally occupies slots which are left empty by nonexisting Mternants.", | |
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| "section": "~t;oiu AILerna{ion and Choice", | |
| "sec_num": "2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "The descriptive economy obta.ined by describing infleetional paradigms through paradigmatic schemata, is considerable. I)ue to tim distributional overlapping between three-stem paradigms and paradigms with fewer altenmnts, a. single schema, specified for the ma. In the following section we will detail a straightfbrward monotonic formalization of a), b) and c) in a typed l>ature-structure formalism. Sulli<:e it to say now that GIC makes reference to dislh'i-lint|ohM properties only, specified in terms of the number of stem alterna.nts that a lexeme exhibits. No mention is made either of tile alteration Which the stem undergoes or of the form or' the eorrc spending infleetiomd ending. This is grounded on the Indexing Autonomy Hypothesis (IAtl), a.ccording to which \"stem pairs exhibiting an identical contrast in formation needn't exhibit an iclen- ::71~cA(h:a.nced [,~l .ll,~ll&gC l'htgeli(+(+l,iltg l;+im.f,+t'nu, (AI,I\",P) is ;l, li I\", (', ini(, iai, ive (, o Iwovi<h! I, he n; tt, 11u'al ] ;uigli&ge i'ese~u'ch mid eitg ('iiet~l'[ng (:ouiniitiiil ral.ed l)y a comma in t, hcir F,r+'+c+xl+:n(:(~ ord(':r. IS(m. Ll,ll,'(': sl, l'tl(:l;l,lr(;:,-; a,l+o (Hlt;l() ", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 874, | |
| "end": 878, | |
| "text": "[,~l", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 948, | |
| "end": 951, | |
| "text": "(',", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 952, | |
| "end": 957, | |
| "text": "ini(,", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 958, | |
| "end": 962, | |
| "text": "iai,", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 963, | |
| "end": 969, | |
| "text": "ive (,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
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| { | |
| "start": 970, | |
| "end": 983, | |
| "text": "o Iwovi<h! I,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 984, | |
| "end": 989, | |
| "text": "he n;", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
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| { | |
| "start": 990, | |
| "end": 993, | |
| "text": "tt,", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 994, | |
| "end": 1002, | |
| "text": "11u'al ]", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1033, | |
| "end": 1059, | |
| "text": "('iiet~l'[ng (:ouiniitiiil", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1123, | |
| "end": 1171, | |
| "text": "Ll,ll,'(': sl, l'tl(:l;l,lr(;:,-; a,l+o (Hlt;l()", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
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| "section": "~t;oiu AILerna{ion and Choice", | |
| "sec_num": "2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "The ", | |
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| "section": "4:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| { | |
| "text": "/i/(a/e/e)-~v)-pers/ (iamo/(a~o/o~e/ite) tv/(ano/ono/ono)-~v) pets) hum, xnflox : { inflex class:> Iv , (a/o/t ) -tv] , parad:tgm class=>zer0 , stem index-> ( (r2/r3/i 3>~pers/(r t/r 1/r2) pors)-num, block->( (pr i~: ' ls '/pr i~ '2s '/pri~ '3s ' )-pors/ (I)r l~ ~lp '/prig: '24p '/pr i~t '3p ' ) -pors ) nut[/} , v f inice hoad :{ infl >agroom indox : (pors=> (pl/p2/p3) \"pets i numb >(sing/phil ) lltlrll, :h('.ma, informal;ion, (,lie I'ea.ture 'blocl(', whose ula.in pm'l) ose is It,() si,op de.f<'cdve verl)s from I)eing in[le(:ted for 1)a, rt, i(:ula.r l)a,radigm cells. In (:omplia, nce with (tIC, the same l)a,ra,dignla.l;ic schema, is used R)r capturing disl, ril)ut, iona.l redundan(ties in the selection (ff a.ltcrna.l;ing as well as IIOII alterna.dng sLe]us. For (~xa, ml)le, the entry of' l,he regular verb am, a.re below is made uni[~, with I;he pa,ra(ligma, tic schema, al)ove (:hrough WI\"I{, with no furl;her rea,djust,men(:: i(,s unictu(; stem am,-, left, lexica.lly .nsloe(:ified for Imradigmat, ic indexing, ulfifies wil:h any index. ", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 408, | |
| "end": 475, | |
| "text": ":h('.ma, informal;ion, (,lie I'ea.ture 'blocl(', whose ula.in pm'l)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
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| "section": "4:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "back_matter": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": ";/(I.illSl,ili ~ l,ho (L\",:i~till~ I);q';/~ [i!,~lll+tl,i( . \"-,('h\u00a2lll+t, or I lirou<~h [uriJlor ~I.ipul;di(>n <+[ ;ill ;t ", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 44, | |
| "end": 77, | |
| "text": "[i!,~lll+tl,i( . \"-,('h\u00a2lll+t, or", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 89, | |
| "end": 123, | |
| "text": "[uriJlor ~I.ipul;di(>n <+[ ;ill ;t", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "annex", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
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| "title": "tho l)a.radi~.m <:,I' l.l,+'ir ill+::>t.hcr l~o,:le. Moreovor, tlo para.di~ilml.h' +<'Itcilla i~ ro~ot't.+:,J I.o. llowe;,~,r cc>Itc+:q~t.u;_tlLv mint., l.lli~ al,+l++rom'h i.'+: llof iml+lelt+etd.alq,:' in ;i tlloli+:)t(ulic l'~>rulali:<nl .~uch ~!+ AI,I\"+IL wll+:>ro +:IN'aull. illhori t", | |
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| "raw_text": "h'xicnl ,:mt.ri,x-: whi+:+, inlu~ril, tho l)a.radi~.m <:,I' l.l,+'ir ill+::>t.hcr l~o,:le. Moreovor, tlo para.di~ilml.h' +<'Itcilla i~ ro~ot't.+:,J I.o. llowe;,~,r cc>Itc+:q~t.u;_tlLv mint., l.lli~ al,+l++rom'h i.'+: llof iml+lelt+etd.alq,:' in ;i tlloli+:)t(ulic l'~>rulali:<nl .~uch ~!+ AI,I\"+IL wll+:>ro +:IN'aull. illhori t;~mr aml <,v('rridiJL~ r:r+:> re>t..~ttlq>Orl.c~l. Ill ollr a I)", | |
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| "title": "~ll'+uli~iil ix I)ro~]m'ed ~l.~ ill+ ~ t'e+ull. ul'uonlbiuiu~ +t set. o[' imle\u00d7od +l.eill.~ widl +ul", | |
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| "raw_text": "I~rom'h, ~t vorl)]~ll'+uli~iil ix I)ro~]m'ed ~l.~ ill+ ~ t'e+ull. ul'uonlbiuiu~ +t set. o[' imle\u00d7od +l.eill.~ widl +ul ,Imro i:,rial.,:' E+I.++ o[ iMl<\"m.ional emliu~ d~rou~h a +in~l<> F, arn+:liKnm..", | |
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| "title": "cifio+:l (~il i I.io+ (,+[' t.ypo \"hillecl i<mal <'mlil~ ~ , <'~i<:Ii ('olliF, el.in~ wiill 1,11,:> ()l.ller,'< f()r ,+m,:' or ili,:,+r,:' +l)eE[ic c,:ql(s) ill it, l>armli~tll. 'rh+:~ al>l)ro~uql nial,:e+ il. l>u+.Hl,+h' i.o dli~1.er v,:>rl,++ iu \u00a2OUll>nrrU.iv,q.'v re,v, lli~hly ll;iI.il r~tl liu~ui", | |
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| "raw_text": "I.ic ~,('h+:'llla. 'lho ]>a.ra+:li~ liali<' :.+;\u00a2h<qiia l,~I, +i (,+llii+:H} +:li+i,tu,'dve list, or hilly SlX,cifio+:l (~il i I.io+ (,+[' t.ypo \"hillecl i<mal <'mlil~ ~ , <'~i<:Ii ('olliF, el.in~ wiill 1,11,:> ()l.ller,'< f()r ,+m,:' or ili,:,+r,:' +l)eE[ic c,:ql(s) ill it,, l>armli~tll. 'rh+:~ al>l)ro~uql nial,:e+ il. l>u+.Hl,+h' i.o dli~1.er v,:>rl,++ iu \u00a2OUll>nrrU.iv,q.'v re,,v, lli~hly ll;iI.il r~tl liu~ui...+i.i\u00a2 <'la+++:~:-,, r:ho:viuM ,Ji[r+:>r~,~d. imt, l,eltl+ ~>[' ~t.,:'lli in,.lexiiIK, ;vii.h a. o:milmral.ivEy +('nui.y I'el,:'r [<~h'e o[' [ornm[ umali.'q (it+:.+ ntml]l+:mol.ic Ol)et'nl.i~m.< l~,i~t~ ro+c, rl.,~.d l.o). All.rag oMlor Lhill~+, il. siill i~lilio~ h'xical eN<',=,din~ coH~M,::r+iI:,l.\\,: i]l+:' cr,:>rtl.ioll ,~i' ;i new I~;", | |
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| "ref_id": "b4", | |
| "title": "~)l' h~wer ,~od~.~, but. :-.iH~lq+' mhliii<m of' ;i m'\\v +of or ,'~om:r+:q.elb +p+:'\u00a2ili<H eNl.rio.,<. 'lhi+ alG~ro+u'h c,+,+iiipal'('+ l'avoilrallly \\vit.ll ;i", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": ":", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "I' +i Licw'/ Llode Iu", | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Ix", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
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| { | |
| "first": ",", | |
| "middle": [], | |
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| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
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| "num": null, | |
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| "raw_text": "I' +I liCW'/ llode iu +i le\u00d7ical hiernrchy, wil.h l:,ix.,sil~l+' ro,,'rr~IW>]m'Hl. ~)l' h~wer ,~od~.~, but. :-.iH~lq+' mhliii<m of' ;i m'\\v +of or ,'~om:r+:q.elb +p+:'\u00a2ili<H eNl.rio.,<. 'lhi+ alG~ro+u'h c,+,+iiipal'('+ l'avoilrallly \\vit.ll ;i ,'<',il la~nlal.ic 'lhvo-l,e',.,d [~lorr>h,:4offy ('II,~I) ll'eal. t~to,i. +:~[' l,+ar~idi,~tmlt.iu +tl(>lll ~I[i,(\"l'll+lILLS ,'4('(!]l U,'4 il]-", | |
| "links": null | |
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| "BIBREF5": { | |
| "ref_id": "b5", | |
| "title": "II(X[ sUl)l~lot.i(m. Ill Ill+lii+lll ;I sili~h' I)+ll';i(li~lll+llli( ' s('llellia (wllh'll ,(' { i() i ] I ] 11~, t,+:)~('t,h(!r \\~,'itril (tiC:, l'or +tlt l'<>~lll;ir \\,q'l),~ ;tn+l", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "it're~ula.r vr.rl>s) d<++:'+ ilh(! .iol) +:)I' +I", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
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| "raw_text": "~ {l []l i ( {{~S { )[l lfl1~moh,+Kic+lily c(.}IvliLi()II(X[ sUl)l~lot.i(m. Ill Ill+lii+lll ;I sili~h' I)+ll';i(li~lll+llli( ' s('llellia (wllh'll ,(' { i() i ] I ] 11~, t,+:)~('t,h(!r \\~,'itril (tiC:, l'or +tlt l'<>~lll;ir \\,,q'l),~ ;tn+l ['or 1.50 out (+[' .'ld() it're~ula.r vr.rl>s) d<++:'+ ilh(! .iol) +:)I' +I l,lu,l>er +:4' 'l'l,t'vl rule:+ tUal)l,+ilt ~ iml'rt(li+-", | |
| "links": null | |
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| "BIBREF6": { | |
| "ref_id": "b6", | |
| "title": "O]I]:q. Not.ill)l}, ll()ll +lit .';i,Olti nlt,ertlalii,s u+++><l l,+e imlexe,:l itl t.]lo l+:'x i(+(>ll. SOliiO ()1' I, hc'llt", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": ")", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Ll", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
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| "raw_text": "ItiiII.i(: allo]uor])h+ ()lit.() ;ll),\"qi,l'~i({i. ,'~i.O]I]:q. Not.ill)l},, ll()ll +lit .';i,Olti nlt,ertlalii,s u+++><l l,+e imlexe,:l itl t.]lo l+:'x i(+(>ll. SOliiO ()1' I, hc'llt, I'(>[(H:['(\"(] I.O ~/,<\"; Sylti;,~/~lil,~tl;iC :-;(;(;nL nlt;,c;:i.'].mili;s iu (.lie [il.(+llhl, tll'(' (~[,lllll I) I!)!).~)), ~l]'(} I.l'(}[It,(>([ +l~ ~(mttilio il]+l, Fl]l('(>,~; ()[' i)[iOllOhL~h.;l[I} , ('()it(lil,]oh(>(l +li[)i)I(%ic)ii, ;'tll(] l,hu+ l,+t[<Oll ('+ir(' (}I l),v", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF7": { | |
| "ref_id": "b7", | |
| "title": "qylll.+I~ItFtt.ic +t,(']ll +lll,(>['I][/llt,S v,l+ich, ulflik(' I)~t.I';/CIi~IIV, IIlil ' ()lit>+, ~,'(:ttr ill II,~tli~ul ,vit,h bol", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "I", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "V<>", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": ".", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "<~'", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "n .~{q'~+ll'~It.e +l", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "n .~{q'~+ll'~It.e +l\",v<> I,<~',,el cotiil>OlienI,. .qylll.+I~ItFtt.ic +t,(']ll +lll,(>['I][/llt,S v,,l+ich, ulflik(' I)~t.I';/CIi~IIV, IIlil ' ()lit>+, ~,'(:ttr ill II,~tli~ul ,,vit,h bol,h t'<'~uh/r ;lllcl it'ro~tll;,r \\{'l'l}+, hl'O llot; COilS](Iol'OCI", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF8": { | |
| "ref_id": "b8", | |
| "title": "I'lll!Illl(q' hero", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "I'lll!Illl(q' hero.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF9": { | |
| "ref_id": "b9", | |
| "title": "orIJl m)t.ilLK t.hal. I.h+:' i>r,.>i,+<).-:,:'~i i~a.rmli~mr:I.ic aF, im:mch worI,:s in Kenorr:.t.ion as ,.roll ~t~ in ,u+IIy~i~ ;1.t. m,+ u+:Idid", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Vilimiy", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "ViliMIy, il. i+ v.,orIJl m)t.ilLK t.hal. I.h+:' i>r,.>i,+<).-:,:'~i i~a.rmli~mr:I.ic aF, im:mch worI,:s in Kenorr:.t.ion as ,.roll ~t~ in ,u+IIy~i~ ;1.t. m,+ u+:Idid,'ma.I <'onlImt.ati(mal \u00a2(~:.-:I.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF10": { | |
| "ref_id": "b10", | |
| "title": "m:>L t+:+ i, llci~ml. Formal H'ol~+~lq.i~s Et.h,~r o[' l.h+:qr+ or or dloir inflc<tiona.l en(litlgs, iu I(('q)iug wilh IAII. In l;he (:urreut itul)lemel,t.a.t.ion, all st.cnt a.ltcrna.nt:s o[' a. c(wta, in verl)a.re i,Mexc(I, within the rr>leva.nt lexica l eut.ry, in pc(tc.s('nlia, l.]la[, iS t:ht+ough fhlll list;ing, so we miss t:he gcneralizalio,i l,lmt the same t,ypc of st,ctn alt, ernat.ion t.akcs i)lm:c in more t, hau one entry (sa.y I)ot", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": ")", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Ilul", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Rovement", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "+ r<fler(mco I.o l>o+it.i+:m+ll \\,;/luc~ ill N,' l~ara<li?4~l oIIly, ++) l.ha.l..'-:l.,:>i~i ;1,[l,~q'lllttll,'q ;II'u Ill <l+:':':+,:'<l r<'iM.ix'e I.o b.:ira.< i~lll~Lt,i+:: ~ \"II+ (o.~. ,~ecoll(l l>+:q'.':on :-,inKular or l)r+:>sold, il,qic, fiv<,)", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Ilul)rovement;s aud conc|us]on (ii(', lii~l<,:,+ r<fler(mco I.o l>o+it.i+:m+ll \\,;/luc~ ill N,' l~ara<li?4~l oIIly, ++) l.ha.l..'-:l.,:>i~i ;1,[l,~q'lllttll,,'q ;II'u Ill <l+:':':+,:'<l r<'iM.ix'e I.o b.:ira.< i~lll~Lt,i+:: ~ \"II+ (o.~. ,~ecoll(l l>+:q'.':on :-,inKular or l)r+:>sold, il,qic, fiv<,), m:>L t+:+ i, llci~ml. Formal H'ol~+~lq.i~s Et.h,~r o[' l.h+:qr+ or or dloir inflc<tiona.l en(litlgs, iu I(('q)iug wilh IAII. In l;he (:urreut itul)lemel,t.a.t.ion, all st.cnt a.ltcrna.nt:s o[' a. c(wta, in verl)a.re i,Mexc(I, within the rr>leva.nt lexi- ca l eut.ry, in pc(tc.s('nlia, l.]la[, iS t:ht+ough fhlll list;ing, so we miss t:he gcneralizalio,i l,lmt the same t,ypc of st,ctn alt, ernat.ion t.akcs i)lm:c in more t, hau one entry (sa.y I)ot;h in VENIIH,; ;me[ 'I'F, NI';I~IS;). (lep- ta.July, a nlore highly va.lu{~(l lexicou should a.lso be able. to Cal)IAn:e this reshmdancy. \\Vithh~ I,h(~ a.p- l>roac h su gg(.?s{,(\"(-h +.'l'O, &l/<:lsil y i, n a gi n e(l sol tit, ion is tha.t the loxical value of rodtmda.nt stem a.tter- na,t,t,s is al)st, t:a.cted a wa.y from auy such t:(+dtmdant, properties, which a.rc st, ored in a Sel)a.rat.e \"mo+t;a.- entry\". Full lexi<:a.l entries axe t:hen cranked ()tit;", | |
| "links": null | |
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| "BIBREF11": { | |
| "ref_id": "b11", | |
| "title": "<~(I t, hrough (:on(;al,(matiot~ of v-told -(m/-. However simph'., this soh,l,ion is impossible t.o implement in A I,EP, where a string tl[l-(lergoing lexicon look--up is always an atom (as Ol)pOSC(l t;o a, list,). \\\u00a5it;h a pa,rsimonious use of formal mca.ns, it. ca.ti uonetJtetcss I)e iml)lomcntcd in Evans a.nd Gazdax's [)ATR quite st, ra.ight", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "these selm.ra.t.(' pieces of inforlna.t.iou, a. root a.li.(;rnant, such as vc~Lcl-being t,hus l)rodu", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
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| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
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| "raw_text": "t.hrough tmilication o[' these selm.ra.t.(' pieces of in- forlna.t.iou, a. root a.li.(;rnant, such as vc~Lcl-being t,hus l)rodu(:<~(I t, hrough (:on(;al,(matiot~ of v-told -(m/-. However simph'., this soh,l,ion is impossi- ble t.o implement in A I,EP, where a string tl[l- (lergoing lexicon look--up is always an atom (as Ol)pOSC(l t;o a, list,). \\\u00a5it;h a pa,rsimonious use of formal mca.ns, it. ca.ti uonetJtetcss I)e iml)lomcntcd in Evans a.nd Gazdax's [)ATR quite st, ra.ight.fof wa.rdly (Evans a.nd (;azdar lg.q0, 19!15).", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF12": { | |
| "ref_id": "b12", | |
| "title": "It, a.lia.n ix a.n inventory of bot;h int0rnally-}/.ll(I cxt;e.rnallyrcla.t, ed pa.radigms rather ~han an inventory of unrelated morl)hcutes; it) pa.radigms de[ine highly ua.l:ural intlocting <'la.sses; iii) if' looked a.t; a\u00a3 an a.pproprial,c level of a.bstraction, they exhibit a. strikingly uniform and simple und(q:lying l)attern el+st, era distril~ution: the pa.ra.digma.t,ic schctna.; iv) a. paa:a.digma.tic schema, is declarative, and works well in both word a.nalysis a,nd gcnera.t,ion", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "I/Y Wa.Y Of", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "onclusion. ore: eXl)(~rience shows tha.t: i) tam infle(:t;iotml morphology o", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "I/y wa.y of' (:onclusion. ore: eXl)(~rience shows tha.t: i) tam infle(:t;iotml morphology o[' It, a.lia.n ix a.n inventory of bot;h int0rnally-}/.ll(I cxt;e.rnally- rcla.t, ed pa.radigms rather ~han an inventory of un- related morl)hcutes; it) pa.radigms de[ine highly ua.l:ural intlocting <'la.sses; iii) if' looked a.t; a\u00a3 an a.pproprial,c level of a.bstraction, they exhibit a. strikingly uniform and simple und(q:lying l)attern el+st, era distril~ution: the pa.ra.digma.t,ic schctna.; iv) a. paa:a.digma.tic schema, is declarative, and works well in both word a.nalysis a,nd gcnera.t,ion; it relies on a u~itfimttm of word st,r,mtur+~ rule sl;il)u/at, ion;", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF13": { | |
| "ref_id": "b13", | |
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| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "v) it; allows for a. <:ousideral)[(> level of descript:ivc e(:onol:liy: in li,a.lia.i~ a. sitigle s(:lletlla (in (:oml)i- tla.Liou wit,la GI(',) is found [,o hold for a.ll rcgula.r v(~rl)s, a.w.l ['or 450 ()tit. of q60 irregular verbs; vi) iL (:au I)c ignor(~(t only at the fa.irly high I)rice of writ- ing a. good many ad hoc rea.djustmenl; rules; vii) finally, it, is noi, cornpul;ationally greedy it, ea.n be implo+nmnt,ed even ill lean 111OllOl;Ollic ['r;M?leworks such as AI,EP.", | |
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| }, | |
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| "issue": "", | |
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| "raw_text": "All ideas of this pap('r arc the outcome of a .ioinl; effort; for the sp('cific c()llcel+lts o1' the [l;aliau Academy only, V. Pirrelli is reSl)onsil)/e Ibr st,.(:t.ions I, '2, () and 7, M. Ilat~.ista for se.(:~ions 3, .t and 5.", | |
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| "ref_entries": { | |
| "FIGREF0": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "e,Selll, iiidica.l:ive ()[' I, lie v(g'l} 'I'I']NI\",II I ~7 ('k(wl)'):l,llf] \"[ A', ,p' ,.l,:''l)\"l,:llfl ,111,~ \"1]1~:{I I?~ / ]7': 'I'F, NI']I/E, exhil}il:s a variel,y ()1 ,,li,<,l.in(% M,elns iii ll,S iillle(:l,i{}ii (Icllfl-, [\u00a2!1~-/ul(t /i(ll-['(w Ille l)leSelll." | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF1": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "xim||m number of possibile stern all, ernants, su[fi(:es to aee.ount for [,he distribution of an entire class of verb alternants, when the following simplitied General Indexing Convention ((HC) is resorted to: a) assign thc d@ult index rl to the ste'm, occurring in the (:ell of the second-person plural of present indicatiw',; b) assign r2 to the stem of the first-person singular of present indlcatiw~; c) assign r3 to the stem of the second-person singular of present indicative." | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF2": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "tical contrast in indexing\" (Stump 1995). At first glance, the parallel distributional and Ibrma.l behaviour of stem altermmts in the present indica.live of Tli;NERE and VENIRE seems to falsify IAII. Other evidence, however, shows that IAH is indeed descriptively adequate. Consider, ['or concreteness, the alternation itTl stem pairs s||ch as croeifigg-etc ('you crucify')/ e'rocifiss-i ('[ crucified'), infliog-ete ('you inflict')/ i,gliss-i ('[ lu-ll|clod'). In spite of' their similarity in stem f'o> mat|on, matched by paxtial distributional re&mdancies, any direct correlation between phonolog-ica.l alltl dist.t'ibut.ioual ,'eg,tlarii.i<'s w+.Jhl load I.o in(:orv(':cl. Imra.(ligi+ta.l.h ' st.al.(qne~l.s, as slv.)wn I>3: the c<ml.rasl, b(\u00a2w(~(m l.h,e past. l)arl+icil)Ic .?'o+iji,~;.~-,') ('(:r,|cili(>d') a,+l t,h+> past./)at't.icil>l+' m./l+ll-o ('in Ilict,ed') wh(~re yet. a..m:>l;h(~r st.(~t +tlt.erl~ant. :-.h()ws Ul). Nol.e l+lutt. IAII ,.loes uof cxclu<h' t;h(' l~{+ssil>ilit.y t.hal; ;~+. ,+lirec[. cot:r,'daLi,.)u l>+>l,w+>+'t~ l'~+rt~ att~l iH,::I(~x ing can I;e sl, il)l,tla,t,+>d C()IIVCII'iCqII, I3'. A iiiOl'C higllly valu(>d lexic+)u, M~ottld ;l..l+' +:o I>,:' ald+' t~> cai>l,tlre fit+: st. rJl,:iug sil<tila.ril.y b<>l:,v,:>(>u th(> l)l'eSe~tl, ilMicat.i',:e o1' I>ot, h 'FEN I\",I~,I\", and \\:I,',NI I~1'+ sl,owH above, \\'Ve will consider t.his I)ossil>ilit.y it~ t.he lit+al t>art, of I, he Pa, i)e]'+" | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF3": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": ".y iu I'htl't)[)C wii, h a xenel';t[ i)tll'l)OSe rese~tt'ch ~uld deveiOl)inelil. ellvh'ollliit, li(.." | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF4": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "'l'ho tmlc ix sl~tted in trn,di*;i<mM morphemic terms: a full word ca,|l I)e the mot;her node of a I)imu'y I)ra.t,ching stru(:i;ur(+' whoso. <la.ughters a.re a. stem a.~l,d :m infl(~cl.ic, nal eraling. 'l'he irl.mtedia.t++: donl..intauc(> relal, iouship is expressed I)y '<'. l)a.ugll, t,ers are lisl.ed I)+q,wcen square bra.ckol;s, a.ud set)a." | |
| }, | |
| "FIGREF5": { | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "sed ill. curly I>rackel.s, and l>al.h,,s. \u2022 axe exl)ressed l, hn:ou, gh, right,-l)ointed arrows: ~d.l.ril:ml,e= > value l,'ea.l;ure sl,ructul,:<;s are t.yl)cd TFSs), with, t.hw I.yl)e Ili:l.lll+~ SCl)a.r~tt, ed by a. colon I,yl)e_n,+tl,<le: { [',e;-'d, <ll,'e _s L r t i c 1,1l, t'e } 'File rule says l, hat. a slxutt and a.t| in[lecl,ionm, l ending combine in an inflected word lbrm it' and only if their INI,'I,EX 'l'l\"Ss arc uuilia.ble. A ll;hough ll, Miml. morphology is la;ea.tcd here as l>asicMly c(mca.t, cua.t,ive, the forma.l piLra.digmbased a.l)l>a.ra.t,t|s we prol)OSe here caah va.riously bo, col,tclu',d in cith, er process-based or lllOl'[)h, cltt+~-I)ascd morphologies, the choice bo, l;wecn the two bciug dicta,ted only by e|npirical collsidera.tions <'(Hl(:el'l,lillg [,[1('. IIlitillly (:OIIC,~/(,(HII/.[,iVO ()r IlOll,(:Ollcal.ena.Live nat,ut:o of Lhe ]a.ILgtta.ge in quesl;ion ( NI al,1;hews 1974, ( :alder I.()89)." | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF3": { | |
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| "html": null, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "text": "", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>3</td><td>An ALEP</td><td colspan=\"3\">hnplenmntation</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">ill'(> S(:llsil;iv,'u</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\\,V<~ a.va.il otH's,+!Ivc:.+; of a siugh\" wor<I-for,,,a.t.ic, n</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">rule (WI:I{.), which (mfor,::es, iu i,h,:\" ,\\I,I\",I > F, ar-</td></tr><tr><td>[anco,</td><td colspan=\"2\">lllOrl+[lot,m:l;i(:</td><td colspan=\"2\">(:OllS[,l;;lilll,s</td><td><)11 l,Jle COllll)a,(;i</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">I>ilil,y <)iu-</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">[h,ct,ed ['orl,a:</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">ld: {spac~->sp~c i~ : (i)r0~ ~yp0->proc ~ypa : (procas s >y},</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">dal, aj;ypo-->~sr:{wsr</td><td>td >IDa.),</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">sign: >sign : {phon</td><td>>JR,El ,</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">c0ns~ypo->~0rd :{},</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">synsom=>synsom : (</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">local=>local : {</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">syn~>syn : { cat >h0ad caL :{</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"3\">hoad=>llE~.D}}}} }}</td></tr><tr><td><[</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">ld : {spo<:~>spo\u00a2i r : {dat a t, ypo++> lox : {l\u00a2,x id ~>][D} } ,</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\">s ign-> s ign : (ph o n-> [It],</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">const, ypo=>morphomo : {</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">morphLypo=>roo~ :{</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">itlflox~>INFLEX}}}}</td><td>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">ld : {s ign=> s ign : {ph0 ix ~> { F,] ,</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">cons+ypo >morphomo :{</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"4\">morphLypo >i onding:{</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">inflox->INFLEX}} ,</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">synsom->synsom: {</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"3\">]ocal=>loca] :{</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">syn >syn:(</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">ca~=>h~+ad cal; : {</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"3\">hoad=>[LE.~D}}})}}</td></tr><tr><td>]</td><td/><td/><td/></tr></table>" | |
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| "TABREF4": { | |
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| "text": "II, FLOOTAVSl uua.cro t, akes t,hree argumcnt,s (l>etwcen squa, re 1,ra,cket, s in tlte [irsl, litle of t,ho t~im:ro): I,F,X, which spocilies the eucc, ded h'\u00d7ellle as n va.lue o[' l.he a.t.l,rilmte 'h'x_.id', I~I]ON, a. pos sibly siuglel;ou lint. of l;he stem a.lt.crna.nt;s of thu' lexctue in quest, ion, a.ll,d [NI\"I,EX, which, a.tnon, gor, her thhlgs, enforces the rehwa.nt, sgem indexing schellla.. A n ins(,a.nl, iation of t,he argunlents of (;his Itla.cro spells ou(, Lhe followiug lexica.l entry of I,he irro.gula.r verb SCI\",N I)l,]l{.Ig('gel, ([own'):", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Morphological 'l'he A I,F,]' ILadi?~n ulorphological lexicon includes Lexicon 1,wo ha,sic ent,ry types, stems a.nd itfllecl, ionM eud-ings, both structured lmra.digma.tically. A t.hird l.yl)e, covering a.ll non iu[leclAng items, will uol. I>e consi<l<'xed her<'. A verh entry is <mcoded a.ccordhlg l:o an a,l)pro l~riate indexing schenta, whficht c+mforlt|s t,o (it+ ',. lu plu:ticular we use some AI,ICP macros such as t.llc following: mac r0 ( m ROOT WS~. ILEX, PH0~I, X NFI.EX] , ld :(spoc=>spoc JA\" : (proc_.t, ypo=>pro c t;ypo : {~ lm=>n, procoss=>y}, dat a_l~ypo=>lox ; (fox id=>LEX}} , S ign=> s ign : (pho n=> [IqlON] , constypo=>morphomo : { morphtypo=>root :{ ~ Im c lass=>t im_c lass : {volar=>n, gl ido=>[~}, inflox=>INFLEX}}}}) whel:e I,li',X is hlsl, ianH,ed as \"l=sce.del'e', PIION is m ROOT WSI [i _s cendero, (scondlscos/sces)-alt, inflex:{inflex ciass=>[v,e] , parad igm ciass-> (ze r0/0 ne/Bbroe) all, st;em index=> ( (rl ;r2 ;r3 ; rg)/r4/r6) all:}] assign(<[ (,wo sl,<'.ls (s<c/~.d-and ,w~(~;-), n.lKI IN-I~'LI!'X t, alc(.s a (lis, iUll(:i,ive list o{' 1)aradigl|mt, i(: i.di(Tcs which ('orl:('lal,(' wil,h (,Iw PIION values t,hrough t,h(' I'Orl,ml (l(,vi(:c I(ll(>wii as nam(;d dis-,jmwtion (Krieger all(l Ncrbonu(! 1!)91). Nan.x[ disjun(q, iolm a.r(' disuucl, iv<' lists ()1 eleluenl,s en closed in I',ra.(:l,:el.s an(I S(?]);I,I;;I,I,('([ 16; a slash. All eleme.t: <)[' a nau.~d disi..('l,ion ('a., i. it:s tliPil, be a (ualn('d) (lisiUlt(q.i\\,<' list. A nallw is sepal:a.l,e(I by il,s lisl; through a dash: ((deln(!nl:l /el(!t|le;tt~/.../(4(m~etH,,)-Iist ii;tlll(, 'l'l:c ('](qll<ql(,S ()[ I,wo idelfl, i('ally i,alnc<l disjuu(: (,ioDs (e.g. \" all,')ar(' Illa.<le (:ovary in l,/teir r(',N)(,c-I,ive ol:dcr. ,,\\(:('or( g y .see s-is .ss()('iat,ed wil, h ei-I,h<'r ~st, em i.<tcx' r.~/Ol: r(;, .wc.d-wil h a.y ele~mltl, of lhe (lis, iun(:i, ive list '(rl; r2: r3; r5)', where ';' is 1,h<' ()11 o])eral,()l-. ,ql,elll i.(li(:es arc, also rcl'err(,cl t,O (,h(~ir relevard, inlhx:l,iona] endings ([in'ough covari a.t, io. wil, h the values of \"pa.radig]~,_class'. whMt defines l:he se/. ()[' al)l)rol)riate ilt[bct.iolml ell(lings, and (:orresl)o.ds roughly' t:o l:ho iio(:iotl ol' (tOlljH~{i-l,ion ('lass. A imradignta.(,ic sclmnm is (m(:ode\u00a2l as a ('otuplex elll,ry oF (,yi)(' 'illflc(q,i()nal (!tldittf' whos(' I/liON c(ml,ains a lis.i,. ',ix<' lisl, o[' Imr;tdigllmt, ca y-r(qa.t,el[ (m<lings. 'l'his ia dot.> I)y usiltg the ]~m.cro I)<qow, which lakes /m(' more argltln('ulL I, han tim umcro In_IK)OT WSI (Io(,s, .mlMy II EA I), spe(> ilied f'or cal,egory, agrec~.cnl, aIKl t,c.se-I~Ood h> I'on ~ I al, ioll. macro( m ENDING WS [LEX,PHON, INFLEX,HEAD] , ld : (spe c=> spe~ if : {proc_~yl)e->proc t ypo : {c lm->n, pr0cass:>y}, data Cype->lex:{lex ld >LEX}}, sign=>s!.gn :{phon > [PHON] , constypo->mol phome : t morphtype=>~ ending : { lnr lox-> I~IFLEX)} , syna~m->synsem ( local >local:( syn->syn:{ cab->hoad..cal, : { I'Ioad:>IIEAD}} }}} } ) I]l~like in ItI_I/,O()T.AVSI, I,EX is II(.}l ~/ I('xelne, but. a I)arl.ictJla.r (,cus('-IHoo(I sl)('('ili('ai, iou; e.g. 't'he scondere \" ])r(-.,4CqlL indicarOve ilt I,h(' e\u00d7ttnlple I)el()w:</td></tr><tr><td>v presenB_indicat</td><td>ive_O -</td></tr><tr><td>m ENDING WS[</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Iv presen~ indicagive O,</td></tr><tr><td>(</td><td/></tr></table>" | |
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| "text": ",s r.{-r6 are conveni(mtJy sdpulal,cd. 'l'lle schema a.(x:ounts for a, ll regula, r Italian wwl)s of' any coRiuga,tion (:lass, a,nd for the yam, majority of l l, a.lian irregular basic a, nd in(:hoa,l;ive verbs, a,l> 1)roxima|,ely 450 lexemes.In l, he on(l, it, I'a, ils t,o account For 4 irreglrla, r verbs oF t, he first (:o.juga,(:ion class (.amely a.dinc, dare, Jarc, ,stem::) only, aml six irregular verbs o1' (,he secolid a,.d third conjug.t, ion (avcr~,", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td>1 II'(~SQII|:</td><td colspan=\"2\">i:n p(n'f'ee t</td><td>p~lsl.</td></tr><tr><td/><td>indicative</td><td colspan=\"2\">indleal:iw!</td><td>in(lieat;ix</td></tr><tr><td>Is</td><td>r2</td><td/><td/><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2s</td><td>13</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>{{N</td><td>I'#I</td><td>F|</td><td/><td>I'.l</td></tr><tr><td>lie</td><td>]l</td><td>iI</td><td/><td>rl</td></tr><tr><td>2p</td><td>kl</td><td>Jl</td><td/><td>tl</td></tr><tr><td>%p</td><td>12</td><td>r 1</td><td/><td>14</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">indicative</td><td colspan=\"2\">sul<i,mctivo</td><td>sul<iu netive</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td/><td>12</td><td/><td>I1</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td/><td>12</td><td/><td>I I</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td/><td>12</td><td/><td>I I</td></tr><tr><td>]5</td><td/><td>II</td><td/><td>It</td></tr><tr><td>I' ,%</td><td/><td>I1</td><td/><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td/><td>12</td><td/><td>~1</td></tr><tr><td/><td>In'(!S(!n(:</td><td/><td>l)reseuH.</td><td>J p#~sl</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\">inlhfil:lve</td><td>lmrth:iple</td><td>I ImrLiciple</td></tr><tr><td/><td>rl</td><td/><td>I[</td><td>I t(;</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\">I)resen(:</td><td colspan=\"2\">l) I'(!S(?II (:</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\">rondil:ional</td><td colspan=\"2\">inn perlO:iw!</td></tr><tr><td/><td>15</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>] 5</td><td/><td>i ;).</td></tr><tr><td/><td>rf,</td><td/><td>~ 1</td></tr><tr><td/><td>t5</td><td/><td>] 1</td></tr><tr><td/><td>t5</td><td/><td>J2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">The schenm, a.bove work,.s witch a. fit lly expan&xl</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u2022 versio, of (~1(', whet(\" deFaulL md xmg f'or al-0 / o</td></tr><tr><td>l,ernant</td><td/><td/><td/></tr></table>" | |
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