| { | |
| "paper_id": "1956", | |
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| "title": "", | |
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| "paper_id": "1956", | |
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| "abstract": [], | |
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| "text": "MT research at our University began in November 1949. We realized very early the importance of a close cooperation between linguist and engineer and the advantages of working jointly for a definite project with well defined linguistic and engineering conditions and limitations. The result was the planning of an MT Pilot Model by Dr. Thomas M. Stout, then of our Electrical Engineering Department, and its construction under the supervision of Prof. Hill.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "During my research, I developed linguistic solutions for the identification by machine of grammatical categories, of both predictable and unpredictable compound words whose constituents occur in the machine memory, and for the automatic recognition and transfer to the output of words which, both graphically and in meaning, are shared by the two languages concerned in the machine translation process. It is for the purpose of testing the fundamental engineering feasibility of these linguistic solutions that the pilot model was planned.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "Along with these researches went a steady development of an adequate terminology by the linguists and engineers of our group working in close cooperation.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "At present, I am continuing research in all categories of words which can be omitted from the machine memory without any loss in the intelligibility and accuracy of the output text. I am also studying the problem of how to deal with proper and geographical names, which are also members of the general vocabulary of a language but should be left untranslated.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "My research has been supported by two grants from the Rockefeller Foundation.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "While my research, though primarily based on German language material, took into consideration the identical or analogous phenomena of a variety of languages, Dr. Micklesen directed his investigation primarily toward the Russian language and particularly toward the application of my results to Russian.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "Supported by two grants from the Graduate School of our University, Dr. Micklesen carried out two studies. In one he investigated the process of compounding in the Russian language and elaborated proposals for the economical dissection of compounds by machine. The other developed into an exhaustive analysis of MT form classes of the Russian language, the prerequisite for the mechanical determination of intended grammatical and non-grammatical meaning. He also worked out a complete tabulation of all subclasses of Russian paradigmatic form classes and determined the number of distinctive forms in each paradigmatic set. These classes are purely formal, representing the most economical (structural) breakdown into Stems and endings.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "Dr. Micklesen has also been very much interested in the theoretical aspects of the linguistic problems of MT. As a structural linguist, he has been especially concerned with fitting the results of MT research into the general framework of present-day linguistic thought. He recently contributed a chapter entitled FORM CLASSES-STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS AND MECHANICAL TRANSLATION to \"For Roman Jacobson\" (Mouton & Co, The Hague, 1956) .", | |
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| "start": 401, | |
| "end": 431, | |
| "text": "(Mouton & Co, The Hague, 1956)", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "Professor Hill has given much of his time to the study of the engineering aspects of a program for machine translation using a high capacity store. The recent development of largecapacity, rapid-access storage systems permits adopting a point of view different from that previously employed. It is no longer necessary to reduce the number of entries by dissection of stems and endings or by the use of \"ideoglossaries\". In fact, the vocabulary can be expanded to include idiomatic sequences as well as single words.", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "text": "From the machine standpoint even a whole string of words which for reasons of sourcetarget semantics has to be handled as an entity can be entered in the store and given an idioma tic translation. Such strings of words are the longest representatives of what we call \"semantic units\". Furthermore, punctuation marks and even the graphically very distinctive space", | |
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| "section": "Machine Translation Development at the University of Washington", | |
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| "text": "TRANSLATION development at the University of Washington is a joint enterprise of the Department of Far Eastern & Slavic Languages & Literature and the Electrical Engineering Department.", | |
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