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| "paper_id": "H86-1000", | |
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| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T03:35:11.700373Z" | |
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| "title": "", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Victor", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Brown", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Sheila", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Co~zazo", | |
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| "abstract": "", | |
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| "text": "........................................ A. Joshi, T. Finin, D. Miller, L. Shastri, B. Webber Text Generation for Strategic Computing .......................................... W. Mann, N. Sondheimer, R. Albano, S. Gumming, T. Galloway C. Matthiessen, B. Nei~el, L. Poulton, G.", | |
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| "text": ". facilitate the design, manufacture, and maintenance of defense systems within time, performance, quality, reliability, and cost constraints.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
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| "section": "", | |
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| "text": "Even though capabilities for man-machine interaction will ultimately form an important component of systems in all of these areas, the second of those goals has been selected as the initial area to include emphasis on decision-making aids, including natural language processing.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "1. To strengthen/develop areas of science and technology that enables the building of computer systems needed to attain the top level goals.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Subgoals of these top level goals include:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Artificial Intelligence,", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Software development and Machine Architectures,", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Micro-electronics, and related infrastructure.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "3. To build demonstration systems in specific military areas that:", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Provide focus for technology development,", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Provide means for exercising technology in real environments,", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Facilitate manpower training,", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Facilitate development of industrial capability, and : * Facilitate technology transfer to the military.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "There are four very ambitious demonstration prototypes being developed within the SC Program. They are:", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "1. the Pilot's Associate which will aid the pilot in route planning, aerial target prioritization, evasion of missile threats, and aircraft emergency safety procedures during flight;", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "2. the Autonomous Land Vehicle (ALV) which integrates in a major robotic testbed the technologies for dynamic image understanding, knowledge-based route planning\" with replanning during execution, hosted on new advanced parallel architectures;", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": ". two battle management projects one for the for the Army, which is just getting started, called the AirLand Battle Management program (ALBM) which will use knowledge-based systems technology to assist in the generation and evaluation of tactical options and plans at the The work in natural language for strategic computing, which includes no work currently directed to speech recognition, focuses on producing and demonstrating two \"new generation systems.\" One for natural language interfaces and another for processing free form text from military messages. One of the natural language new generation systems is a state-of-the-art interface being jointly designed and implemented by BBN and USC-ISI. The other is a highly accurate natural language text understanding system which is being constructed by the university/industry team of NYU and SDC. In each case, they will serve the purpose of supporting the integration of specific research efforts produced by participating component technology contractors. The design of the new generation systems will be developed in concert with the needs of other research contractors and the resulting implementation will be furnished to them for use as a framework to support their own research efforts.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "This document is the proceedings of a workshop held to review the ongoing research. The first section of the document contains summary reports from most of the participating groups. The second section contains selected technical papers from the research groups.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
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| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "The workshop was held May 1 & 2, 1986, at USC-ISI, Marina del Rey, California. Presentations were also made by research groups focusing on speech understanding (Carnegie-Mellon University and BBN Laboratories Inc.) and expert systems technology (Teknowledge, Inc., and Ohio State University). Also in attendance were representatives from a variety of organizations within the Department of Defense.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
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| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "The technologies identified are:", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "DARPA/ISTO would llke to extend its thanks to USC,-ISI for hosting the workshop and preparing this proceedings.", | |
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| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u00b1\u00b1", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "raw_text": "TAG's as a Grammatical Formalism Generation .....................................", | |
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| "raw_text": "A. Joshi, B. Webber, R. Weischedel The Role of Perspective In Responding to Property Misconceptions ........................", | |
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| "text": "Corps level; and 4. the other more established program for the Navy is the Fleet Command Center Battle Management Program (FCCBMP) at Pearl Harbor. The FCCBMP is employing knowledgebased systems and natural language technology in a evolutionary testbed situated in an operational command center to demonstrate and evaluate intelligent decision-alds which can assist in the evaluation of fleet readiness and explore alternatives during contingencies. It is within this context that the natural language contractors are currently demonstrating the potential of natural language technology. Competitive awards were made to seven contractors in 1984. Four (BBN Laboratories, Inc., University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute (USC-ISI), the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Massachusetts) are involved in research and development in natural language interfaces; three others (New York University (NYU), Systems Development Corporation (SDC), and SRI International) are involved in research and development in text processing." | |
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| "text": "Proceedings of a workshop held at Marina del Rey, Calif.,May 1-2, 1986.", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"3\">Strategic Computing</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"4\">Natural Language Workshop</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Proceedings of a Workshop</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Held at</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Marina del Rey, California</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>May 1-2, 1986</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Sponsored by the</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>University of Southern California MDA903 81C 0335 Information Sciences Institute</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM PROJECT TASK ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. Report Number ISI/SR-86-172 WORK UNIT ' ACCESSION NO. August, 1986</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Norman K. Sondheimer</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Workshop Organizer</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Sondheimer, Norman K;, editor</td><td/><td>This report was supported by the Defense Advanced Research</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">13a. TYPE OF REPORT</td><td/><td colspan=\"2\">13b. TIME COVERED</td><td>14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) Projects Agency Under DARPA 15. PAGE COUNT</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Special Report</td><td/><td>FROM</td><td>, ,</td><td>TO</td><td>1986~ May. Contract No. MDA903 81 C 0335 294</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>17.</td><td colspan=\"3\">COSATICODES</td><td colspan=\"2\">18. SUBJECTTERMS(Continueonreverseifneces.ca~ and iden~ ~ bl~k numbed</td></tr><tr><td>FIELD</td><td>GROUP</td><td>i</td><td>SUB-GROUP</td><td colspan=\"2\">artificial intelligence, natural language generation,</td></tr><tr><td>09</td><td>02</td><td>I</td><td/><td colspan=\"2\">natural language processing, natural language understanding,</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">text generation, text processing, text understandin$ 19. ABSTRACT(~ntinueon ~veneifnece~a~ and~en~ ~ bl~k num~d APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">This document contains the reviews and selected technical papers for the DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Natural Language Processing Program, sponsored by the Information Sciences</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">& Technology Offices of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">were presented at a workshop conducted on 1-2 May 1986, in Marina del Rey, California. should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the United</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">States Government.</td><td/></tr></table>" | |
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| "text": "CONTENTS FORWARD .............................................................. Strategic Computing Program .............................................. Research in Text Understanding .............................. R. Grishman, L. Hirschman Overview of the TACITUS Project ...............................................", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>LTC. Robert Simpson DARPA/ISTO</td></tr><tr><td>SECTION 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH EFFORTS</td></tr><tr><td>Research and Development in Natural Language Processing at BBN Laboratories</td></tr><tr><td>in the R. Weisehedel, R. Scha, E. Walker, D. Ayuso, A. Haas,</td></tr><tr><td>E. Hinriehs, R. Ingria, L. Ramshaw, V. Shaked, D. Stallard</td></tr><tr><td>PROTEUS and PUNDIT:</td></tr></table>" | |
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| "text": "Answering Systems ................................................... Model-based Analysis ofMessages about Equipment ................................... 73 R. Grishman, T. Ksiezyk, N. Than Nhan New York University An Equipment Model and its Role in the Interpretation of Nominal Compounds ............... Recovering Implicit Information ................................................. Form and Knowledge-Base Design for Natural Language Generation ........ : ....... 231 N. Sondheimer, B. Nebel The Lexicon in Text Generation ................................................. Cumming Assertions from Discourse Structure .............................................. The overall objective of the Strategic Computing Program (SC) of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is to develop and demonstrate a new generation of machine intelligence technology which can form the basis for more capable military systems in the future and also maintain a position of world leadership for the US in computer technology. Begun in 1983, SC represents a focused research strategy for accelerating the evolution of new technology and its rapid prototyping in realistic military contexts. The more specific top level goals supporting this single broad objective are to produce", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>D. Stallard SECTION 3: RESEARCH T. Finin, D. Drager SECTION 7: RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS -University of Southern California -New York University/SDC May 1,1986 technology that will: 1. enable the operation of military systems under critical constraints such as time, information overload, etc., 2. enable the management of forces/resources under constraints of information overload, geographic distribution, cost of operation, etc., and A Logical-LTC. Robert Simpson, DARPA/ISTO 3</td></tr><tr><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>T. Ksiezyk, R. Grishman</td></tr><tr><td>New York University</td></tr><tr><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>M. Palmer, D. DaM, R. Schiffman, L. Hirsehman, M. Linebarger, J. Dowding</td></tr><tr><td>SDC</td></tr></table>" | |
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