| { | |
| "paper_id": "O04-1015", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:00:25.944233Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "", | |
| "pdf_parse": { | |
| "paper_id": "O04-1015", | |
| "_pdf_hash": "", | |
| "abstract": [], | |
| "body_text": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790(parsing)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u8655\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u5668(parser)\u5229 \u7528\u5f9e\u6a39\u5eab(treebank)\u4e2d\u8a13\u7df4\u51fa\u7684probabilistic context-free grammar(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31PCFG)\uff0c\u5c0d\u53e5\u5b50\u5256\u6790\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u7528 \u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u6a39\u5eab\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5229\u7528PCFG\u5256\u6790\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u73fe \u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u986f\u793a\u7d04\u53ef\u81f3\u4e5d\u6210\uff0c\u9084\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u505a\u5230\u8a5e\u5f59\u5316\u5256\u6790(lexicalized parsing) [ CNF\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u683c\u5f0f\uff1aA\u00e0a \u6216 A\u00e0B C\u3002A\u3001B\u8207C\u70ba\u975e\u7d42\u7aef\u7b26\u865f(non-terminal)\uff0ca\u70ba\u7d42\u7aef\u7b26\u865f (terminal)\u3002'\u00e0' \u5de6\u908a\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70baLHS(left-hand side)\uff0c'\u00e0'\u53f3\u908a\u6210\u54e1\u7a31\u4e4b\u70baRHS(right-hand side)\u3002 \u5728RHS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u70ba\u4e8c\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u975e\u7d42\u7aef\u7b26\u865f\u5728\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u4e2d\u70ba\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u5982VP\u3001NP\u3001S\u2026\u7b49\uff1b\u7d42\u7aef\u7b26\u865f\u70ba\u8a5e \u7684\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u5982Nh\u3001Nb\u2026\u7b49\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684CNF\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u689d\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u5de6\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u5411\u53f3\uff0c\u5169 \u5169\u5207\u5272\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u7d42\u7aef\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u6a19\u8a18Rx\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6bcf\u689d\u898f\u5247\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u8207 CNF\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u88681\u5f97\u77e5\u3002 ", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 220, | |
| "end": 221, | |
| "text": "[", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u7dd2\u8ad6", | |
| "sec_num": "1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u6a39\u5eab\u4e2d\u4f9d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u539f\u5247\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u90e8\u4efd\u898f\u5247\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u8207\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u503c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4f9b\u5256\u6790\u5668\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a l \u5f9e\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6a39 l \u4f9d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\u81ea\u52d5\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247 l Charniak[3]\u63d0\u5230\u5f88\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u689d\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u6a5f\u7387\u503c\u3002 \u2211 \u2192 \u2192 = \u2192 k k i j i j i N N C N P ) ( ) ( ) ( \u03be \u03be \u03be l \u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u898f\u5247\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7aTop-Down\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u8d77\u59cb\u7b26\u865f\u70ba S \u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u52a0\u5165 S'\u00e0VP\u3001S'", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u53e5\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6", | |
| "sec_num": "2.1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "3 \u6240\u8b02\u5ef6\u4f38\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u8868 1(b)\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u6240\u793a\uff0cVP\u00e0D VP \u8207 VP\u00e0D VA \u9019\u4e8c\u689d\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\u7684 D \u5373 \u64c1\u6709\u5ef6\u4f38\u6027\u3002\u5982 S \u00e0 NP D D D VA \u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u4e8c\u689d\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0cD \u662f\u53ef\u591a\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u3002 \u8868\u683c1. CNF\u8207\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u6bd4\u8f03 \u539f\u59cb\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff1a(\u4ee5\u65b7\u8a5e\u6a19\u8a18\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a\u70ba\u4f8b) S \u00e0 NP D D VA (a) CNF \u7d50\u679c (b) \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247 S \u00e0 NP R0 R0 \u00e0 B0 R1 R1 \u00e0 B0 B1 B0 \u00e0 D B1 \u00e0 VA S \u00e0 NP S S \u00e0 D S S \u00e0 D VA \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7522\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207CNF\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8655\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u689d\u8a5e\u7d44\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u53f3\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u5de6\uff0c\u5169\u5169 \u5207\u5272\u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8003\u616e\u5230\u5340\u57df(local)\u7684\u65b0\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u6210\u54e1\u8207\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u539f\u672c\u6574\u9ad4(global)\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\u8207\u4e2d \u5fc3\u8a9e\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u65b0\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u5de6\u908a\u6210\u4efdRx\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cR\u5fc5\u9808\u7dad\u6301\u539f\u6709\u8a5e\u7d44\u540d\u5916\uff0cx\u90e8\u4efd\u8868\u793a\u4ff1\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\u5340\u5225\u591a\u6a23 \u5316\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\uff0cx\u4e5f\u6703\u9078\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u62bd\u51fa\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u90fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u53e5 \u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u73fe\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9846\u6a39\u9032\u884c\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u4f8b1\u70ba\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u53e5 \u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\uff1b\u4f8b2\u70ba\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\uff1b\u4f8b3 Rx\u70ba\u8a5e\u7d44\u52a0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\uff1b\u4f8b4", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u53e5\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6", | |
| "sec_num": "2.1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u8f38\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a \u4ed6(Nh) \u53eb(VF) \u674e\u56db(Nb) \u64bf(VC) \u7403(Na) \uff0c(COMMACATEGORY) 2 \u8f38\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a#1.1..[0] S(NP(Head:Nh:\u4ed6)|Head:VF:\u53eb|NP(Head:Nb:\u674e\u56db)|VP(Head:VC:\u64bf|NP(head:Na:\u7403)))#\uff0c (COMMACATEGORY)", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "back_matter": [], | |
| "bib_entries": { | |
| "BIBREF0": { | |
| "ref_id": "b0", | |
| "title": "\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u985e\u5206\u6790(\u4e09\u7248)", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "CKIP Technical Report", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8a5e\u5eab\u5c0f\u7d44, \"\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u985e\u5206\u6790(\u4e09\u7248).\" CKIP Technical Report No.93-05.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF1": { | |
| "ref_id": "b1", | |
| "title": "Context-sensitive statistics for improved grammatical language models", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "E", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Charniak", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "G", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Carroll", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1994, | |
| "venue": "Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "742--747", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Charniak, E. and Carroll, G., \"Context-sensitive statistics for improved grammatical language models.\" In Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, pp. 742-747, Seattle, WA, 1994,", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF2": { | |
| "ref_id": "b2", | |
| "title": "Treebank grammars", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "E", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Charniak", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1996, | |
| "venue": "Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "1031--1036", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Charniak, E., \"Treebank grammars.\" In Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1031-1036. AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1996.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF3": { | |
| "ref_id": "b3", | |
| "title": "Sinica Treebank", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Feng-Yi", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Tsai", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Pi-Fang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Keh-Jiann", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Huang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chu-Ren", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2000, | |
| "venue": "Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing", | |
| "volume": "4", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "87--103", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Chen, Feng-Yi, Tsai, Pi-Fang, Chen, Keh-Jiann, and Huang, Chu-Ren, \"Sinica Treebank.\" Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 4(2):87-103, 2000.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF4": { | |
| "ref_id": "b4", | |
| "title": "Chinese Treebanks and Grammar Extraction", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Keh-Jiann", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Yu-Ming", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hsieh", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2004, | |
| "venue": "the First International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Chen, Keh-Jiann and Hsieh, Yu-Ming, \"Chinese Treebanks and Grammar Extraction.\" the First International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-04), March 2004.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF5": { | |
| "ref_id": "b5", | |
| "title": "Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language parsing", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Michael", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Collins", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1999, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Collins, Michael, \"Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language parsing.\" Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1999.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF6": { | |
| "ref_id": "b6", | |
| "title": "Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Christopher", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "D" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Manning", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Hinrich", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Schutze", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1999, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Manning, Christopher D. and Schutze, Hinrich, \"Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing.\" the MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF7": { | |
| "ref_id": "b7", | |
| "title": "PCFG models of linguistic tree representations", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Mark", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Johnson", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1998, | |
| "venue": "Computational Linguistics", | |
| "volume": "24", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "613--632", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Johnson, Mark, \"PCFG models of linguistic tree representations.\" Computational Linguistics, Vol.24, pp.613-632, 1998.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF8": { | |
| "ref_id": "b8", | |
| "title": "Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Dan", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Klein", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Christopher", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "D" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Manning", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2003, | |
| "venue": "Proceeding of the 4lst Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "423--430", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Klein, Dan and Manning, Christopher D., \"Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing.\" Proceeding of the 4lst Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 423-430, July 2003.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF9": { | |
| "ref_id": "b9", | |
| "title": "Smoothing Techniques for Tree-k-Grammar-Based Natural Language Modeling", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Jose", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "L" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Verd\u00fa-Mas", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Jorge", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Calera-Rubio", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Rafael", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "C" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Carrasco", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2003, | |
| "venue": "IbPRIA", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "1057--1065", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Verd\u00fa-Mas, Jose L., Calera-Rubio, Jorge and Carrasco, Rafael C., \"Smoothing Techniques for Tree-k- Grammar-Based Natural Language Modeling.\" IbPRIA , pp. 1057-1065, 2003.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF10": { | |
| "ref_id": "b10", | |
| "title": "Automatic Semantic Role Assignment for a Tree Structure", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Jia-Ming And", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "You", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Keh-Jiann", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2004, | |
| "venue": "the Third SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "You, Jia-Ming and Chen, Keh-Jiann, \"Automatic Semantic Role Assignment for a Tree Structure.\"the Third SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing,\"July 2004.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF11": { | |
| "ref_id": "b11", | |
| "title": "Statistical Chinese Parser ICTPROP", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Zhang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hao", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Liu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Qun", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Kevin", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Zhang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Zou", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Gang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Shuo", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Bai", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2003, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Zhang, Hao, Liu, Qun , Zhang, Kevin, Zou, Gang and Bai, Shuo, \"Statistical Chinese Parser ICTPROP.\" Technology Report, Institute of Computing Technology, 2003.", | |
| "links": null | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ref_entries": { | |
| "FIGREF0": { | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "text": "Rx\u70ba\u8a5e\u7d44\u52a0\u6210\u54e1\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 S(NP(Nh:\u6211\u5011)|D:\u5e38\u5e38|D:\u4e00\u8d77|VA:\u4e0a\u5b78) ( \u4f8b 1) -S ( -NP (Nh:\u6211\u5011)| + S (D:\u5e38\u5e38| + S (D:\u4e00\u8d77|VA:\u4e0a\u5b78))) ( \u4f8b 2) \u4e00\u8d77|VA:\u4e0a\u5b78))) ( \u4f8b 4) \u8a3b\uff1aS-\u70ba\u7d42\u7bc0\u9ede(\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede)\uff0cS+\u4e2d\u9593\u7bc0\u9ede(\u865b\u7bc0\u9ede)\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u7279\u5fb5\u6703\u56e0\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e00 \u822c\u7528\u5728\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\u53ea\u8655\u7406\u8a5e\u985e\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3002\u7b2c4\u7bc0 \u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u7528\u6709\u8a9e\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002", | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF0": { | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>1.2 \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u4e8c\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\uff1a(1)\u5c07\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u666e\u904d\u5316 \u53ca (2)\u5c07\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u3002\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u8207\u589e\u52a0\u6b67\u7fa9\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u653e\u9b06\u8a5e\u985e\u9650\u5236\u53ca\u589e</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u52a0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8a5e\u985e\u53ca\u7279\u5fb5(feature)\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u666e\u904d</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e92\u70ba\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u904e\u8207\u4e0d\u53ca\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u62ff\u634f\u63a7\u5236\u627e\u5230\u6709\u6548\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u53ca\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u7684\u65b9</td></tr><tr><td>\u6cd5\u662f\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5728\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff0cCharniak[2,3]\u8207Johnson[8]\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u8a5e\u5f59\u5316PCFG\u5728</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6bcf\u500b\u8a5e\u7d44\u7bc0\u9ede\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b50\u7bc0\u9ede\u6210\u54e1\u6216\u662f\u4e0a\u5c64\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u6703\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u3002Zhang\u7b49[12]\u4e5f</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8a5e\u7d44\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\u8207\u51fa\u73fe\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9806\u5e8f\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u9032\u3002Klein \u548c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Manning[9]\u8207Collins[6]\u5247\u63d0\u5230\u5c0dCFG\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u6240\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8a66\u8457\u5f9e\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u539f\u5247\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">PCFG\uff0c\u518d\u5c0d\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u9032\u884c\u5256\u6790\u8207\u7d50\u679c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u8abf\u6574\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u7522\u751fPCFG\u3002\u5f9e\u53cd\u8986\u7684</td></tr><tr><td>\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5728\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u9650\u5236\u653e\u9b06\u5728 Chen\u548cHsieh[5]\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7522\u751f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c3.2\u7bc0\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5728\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u53ca\u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u7279\u5fb5\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6539\u9032\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u7b2c6\u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8aaa</td></tr><tr><td>\u660e\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td>2 \u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u67b6\u69cb</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u53e5\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u3001\u5256\u6790\u8207\u7d50\u679c\u8a55\u4f30\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u57162\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u6bcf</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u5206\u4e09\u5c0f\u7bc0\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u3002</td></tr><tr><td/><td>6]\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6a39\u5eab\uff0c\u975e\u8a5e\u5f59\u5316\u5256\u6790(unlexicalized parsing)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e2d\u7814</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab(Sinica Treebank)\u4e2d\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u7684PCFG\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u6709\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7387</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">(coverage)\u53ca\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6b67\u7fa9(ambiguity)\u3002\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7b26\u5408\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f86\u5256\u6790\u4e09\u4efd\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u4e26\u8a55\u4f30\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u8a66\u8457\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u51fa</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u5316(generalization)\u53ca\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316(specialization)\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u9ad8\u4e14\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0</td></tr><tr><td>\u5f37\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u63a2\u8a0e\u5230\u672a\u4f86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u53e5\u6cd5\u8207\u8a9e\u610f\u8a0a\u606f\u8b93\u5256\u6790\u5668\u6709</td></tr><tr><td>\u6548\u89e3\u6c7a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u6b67\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td>1.1 \u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab\u7c21\u4ecb</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab\u7531\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u8a5e\u5eab\u5c0f\u7d44\u65bc2000\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u5236\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f 2.0 (9\u500b\u6a94\u6848)\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709 38,944 \u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u8207240,979\u8a5e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u90fd\u6709\u6a19\u8a3b \"\u8a5e\u3001\u7d30\u8a5e\u985e\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u8a9e\u610f\u89d2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u8272\" \u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6a19\u8a3b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8f03\u5c11\u6709\u8a9e\u610f\u89d2\u8272\u8a0a\u606f\u3002Chen\u7b49[4]\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8a9e</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u610f\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u55ae\u7d14\u53e5\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u53bb\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u8a9e\u610f\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5728\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u54e1(constituent)\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</td></tr><tr><td>\u4ed6 \u53eb \u674e\u56db \u64bf \u7403.</td><td>\u57162. \u7cfb\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb\u5716</td></tr><tr><td>goal:NP(Head:Nab:\u7403)))</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u57161. \u4ed6\u53eb\u674e\u56db\u64bf\u7403</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u57161\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u8a5e\u7d44\u7d50\u69cb(phrase structure)\u898f\u5247\u53ca\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u8a9e\u610f\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u53e5\u4e2d\u6a19\u793a\u6bcf\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8a5e\u985e\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u4f8b\u5b50\u8aaa\u660e\u53ef\u53c3\u7167[1]\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5831\u544a\u624b\u518a\u3002</td></tr></table>", | |
| "text": "Ta jiao Li-si jian qiu. \"He asked Lisi to pick up the ball.\" S(agent:NP(Head:Nhaa:\u4ed6)|Head:VF2:\u53eb|goal:NP(Head:Nba:\u674e\u56db)|theme:VP(Head: VC2: \u64bf|", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "html": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF2": { | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"3\">4.2 \u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236 PA 96.88 5.4 \u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd 98.22 6 \u8a0e\u8ad6</td><td>98.06</td><td>99.32</td><td>99.69</td><td>99.66</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>99.49</td></tr><tr><td>LF</td><td>76.84</td><td>75.11</td><td>82.42</td><td>82.80</td><td>77.82</td><td>84.04</td><td>81.22</td><td>74.29</td><td>80.97</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u63d0\u4e86\u4e8c\u500b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u8a0a\u606f\u8207\u8a5e\u7d44 \u6210\u4efd\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6b67\u7fa9\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5256\u6790\u5668\u5c0d\u6b67\u7fa9\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u9451\u5225\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u662f \u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a5e\u7d44NP\u3001VP\u3001S\u3001GP\u2026\u7b49\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u5176\u8a9e\u6cd5 \u898f\u5f8b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c07\u8a5e\u7d44\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u8a5e\u985e\u52a0\u5165\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0d\u65bc\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe BF 82.19 81.22 86.70 87.92 84.27 88.56 86.00 80.87 85.47 LF-1 79.31 76.48 84.05 83.37 78.07 84.33 81.22 74.29 81.38 BF-1 84.83 82.69 88.41 88.52 84.53 88.86 86.00 80.87 85.91 PC 46.25 40.48 57.89 58.13 46.44 63.66 59.69 39.85 61.14 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8a5e\u7d44\u4e0a\u52a0\u8a3b\u5de6\u908a\u6210\u4efd\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6210\u4efd\u548c\u6210\u4efd\u4e4b\u9593 \u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7b2c5\u7bc0\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u53ca\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e \u6709\u9806\u5e8f\u53ca\u642d\u914d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u7bc0\u4f8b\u53e5 '\u4e00\u8f1b\u5927\u578b\u73a9\u5177\u6a5f\u8eca' \u4e2d\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u4efd\u5b9a\u91cf\u8a5e(DM)\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e(A)\u53ca\u540d \u7279\u5fb5\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6539\u9032\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e00\u4e00\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u8a5e\u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e(Na)\u6709\u9806\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u91cf\u8a5e\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u3002\u540c\u524d\u4e00\u7bc0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8a5e\u7d44\u7bc0\u9ede\u52a0\u5165\u6700\u5de6\u6210 \u4efd\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u5f8c\u70ba \u2212 DM Na, NP \u00e0DM + A Na, NP , + A Na, NP \u00e0A \u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5f8b\uff1a\u8a5e\u7d44\u89d2\u8272 \"Head/head\" \u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u57163\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a5e\u7d44\u89d2\u8272\u70ba + Na Na, NP Head/head\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u9032\u884c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e26\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5f8b\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u5f9e\u7d50\u679c\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6574\u9ad4\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad81%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8a9e\u6cd5 \u78ba\u7387\u6703\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5b505\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\uff1aVP(D:\u7d42\u65bc|VC:\u5230|Di:\u4e86) \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\uff1a \u2212 VC 5.2 \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247vs. \u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247 \u8207 + Na Na, NP \u8986\u84cb\u7387\u537b\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7b2c5\u7bc0\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u8a5e\u7d44\u89d2\u8272 \"Head/head\" \u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u57fa \u00e0Na Na\u3002\u88686\u5206\u5225\u986f\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff1a(a)\u55ae\u7368\u52a0\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u8207(b)\u52a0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u548c\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u3002 \u790e\u3002 \u5f9e\u88686(b)\u8207\u88684(b)\u4f86\u770b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u81f398.5%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u5247\u589e\u52a0 \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u8a5e\u7d44\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0d\u52a0\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8aaa\u660e\u8acb\u53c3\u80033.2\u7bc0\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5be6\u9a57 VP (D:\u7d42\u65bc| + VP (VC:\u5230|Di:\u4e86)) ( \u4f8b 5) \u5f9e\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u77ad\u89e3\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u70ba\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u898f\u5247\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u7684\u4f8b 2%\u52304%\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u89c0\u5bdf\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728Sinica\u589e\u52a04.2%\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5149\u83ef\u8207\u5357\u4e00\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u5206\u5225\u70ba2.88%\u8207 \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6709\u539f\u4f86\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u53ea\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u865b\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8655\u7406\u4e0a\u3002 VC \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53c3\u8003Johnson[8]\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u8a5e\u7d44\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u5b50\u7bc0\u8a0a\u606f\u80fd\u6709\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u904e\u7a0b \u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u71673.2\u7bc0\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u7bc0\u5c31\u5be6\u4f5c\u8207\u7d50\u679c\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u88684\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u64c1\u670999%\u7684\u9ad8\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u53ef 1.91%\u3002\u9019\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u8207Sinica\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u8f03\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5247\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u88686(a)\u8207\u88686(b)\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728 \u5f8c\u4f86\u6539\u9032\u5c0d\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede\u540c\u6b65\u8655\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u660e\u986f\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ac7\u5230\u8a9e\u6cd5 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u52a0\u5165\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u5f9e\u6578\u64da\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7684PC\u503c\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u5247\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002 \u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u5c0d\u539f\u7bc0\u9ede\u8207\u865b\u7bc0\u9ede\u8655\u7406\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u8a5e\u7d44\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u7684\u8a5e\u985e\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u7b2c5\u7bc0\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u53ca\u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u7684\u7279 \u5fb5\u5c0d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u7387\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u592a\u591a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002 \u4ee5\u5256\u6790\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0cLF-1\u8207LF\u53cd\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u7d040.5%\u52301.8%\u3002\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u5256\u6790 \u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6a39\uff0cPA\u503c\u5927\u65bc99.9%\uff0c\u4f46\u904e\u5ea6\u666e\u904d\u5316\u537b\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u5982\u4f55 \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5f9e\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u5256\u6790\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u5730\u5256\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f03\u6162\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5256\u6790\u5668\u904b\u7528 \u88686. \u6700\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c \u70ba\u7531\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u5256\u6790\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u5f9e\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u5411\u53f3\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7522</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">\u53bb\u63d0\u5347\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u3002 \u751f\u7684\u898f\u5247\u5019\u9078\u96c6\u8f03\u5411\u5de6\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u904b\u7b97\u91cf\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4e8c (a) \u5de6\u6210\u4efd (b) \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e + \u5de6\u6210\u4efd \u5728\u5256\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5256\u6790\u6642\u9593\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8f03\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u5feb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u904e\u7a0b Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5143\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u70ba\u958b\u59cb\u9ede\uff0c\u5148\u5411\u53f3\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u5de6\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u3002\u5f9e\u5be6\u969b\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u5411 \u5357\u4e00 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u8f03\u5feb\u53bb\u904e\u6ffe\u6389\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u5019\u9078\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u904b\u7b97\u91cf\u3002 RC-Type 95.633 94.939 94.900 93.977 92.988 92.557 \u5de6\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u4f86\u7684\u660e\u986f\u8f03\u597d\uff0c\u4e14\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c8\u7e41\u96dc\u8a31\u591a\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u63a1\u5b83\u3002 5 \u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c RC-Token 99.236 99.106 99.345 98.602 98.500 \u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\u8a0a\u606f\u3002Johnson[8]\u8207Zhang[12]\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u52a0\u5165\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\u8a0a\u606f\u53ef 98.810 \u88684. \u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u8207\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c PA 99.90 99.79 100 99.42 99.79 99.94 \u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u4f5c\u5c07\u4e0a\u5c64\u8a5e\u7d44\u8a5e\u985e\u52a0\u5165\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u5f8c\uff0c\u56e0\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u66f4\u70ba\u7cbe\u78ba\uff0c\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u660e\u986f\u5730\u4e0b \u672c\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u57162\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6\u539f\u5247\u8655\u7406\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u5668 \u518d\u4f9d\u6b64\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u8a55\u4f30\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u597d\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u62bd\u53d6 \u539f\u5247\u51fa\u4f86\u3002 \u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u8207\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1a\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u5eab\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u7d71\u8a08\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u542b37,889\u53e5\u6578\u3001 235,669\u8a5e\u6578\u82076.22\u6bcf\u53e5\u5e73\u5747\u8a5e\u6578\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e09\u4efd\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599(Sinica\u3001\u5149\u83ef\u96dc\u8a8c\u8207\u5357\u4e00\u8ab2 \u672c)\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u8868\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e09\u4efd\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u53e5\u9577\u5206\u4f48\u3001\u53e5\u6578\u8207\u96e3\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u9019\u4e09\u4efd\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u53e5\u6cd5\u96e3\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Sinica\u8a9e\u6599\u8207\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u53e5\u6cd5\u8f03\u70ba\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c6c\u9069\u4e2d\u3002\u5357 (a)\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247 LF 85.62 79.82 85.74 85.64 79.04 85.41 \u964d\uff0cLF-1\u503c\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u4f86\u770b\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u592a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 (b)\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247 Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef BF 89.75 85.64 89.52 89.84 85.29 89.42 \u89d2\u8272\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6a39\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u666e\u904d\u5316\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u8457\u89c0\u5bdf\u54ea\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff \u5357\u4e00 RC-Type 74.681 82.154 79.877 96.154 94.657 LF-1 85.70 79.98 85.74 86.14 79.21 85.46 \u8a5e\u985e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u7528\u5728\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5time\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728time:Dd\u6216time:NP\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528time\u4ee3\u66ff\u9054\u5230 94.761 RC-Token 93.223 96.033 96.506 99.590 99.362 99.548 PA 99.32 99.69 99.66 99.90 99.90 BF-1 89.83 85.82 89.52 90.37 85.47 89.47 PC 64.65 48.54 65.83 65.73 49.06 \u89d2\u8272\u666e\u904d\u5316\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u90fd\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5408\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u666e\u904d\u5316 66.23 \u6642\u63d0\u5347\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u537b\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u592a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9078\u932f\u89d2\u8272\u9032\u884c\u666e\u904d\u5316\uff0c\u537b\u9020\u6210\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u660e 100 LF 82.80 77.82 84.04 81.45 76.16 83.50 \u986f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">\u5728\u65b7\u8a5e\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u8a5e\u985e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u8a5e\u5eab\u5c0f\u7d44[1]\u5c0d\u8a5e\u985e\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u8a5e \u88ab\u6b78\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a5e\u985e\u5728\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u6642\u6613\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u7d30\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0c \u4f7f\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u6709\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e\u6a39\u5eab\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230DE\u8a5e\u985e\u5728PCFG\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba DE\u7684\u6709 \"\u5f97\u3001\u5730\u3001\u4e4b\u3001\u7684\" \u56db\u7a2e\u3002\u800c\u5f9e\u5404\u5225\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728PCFG\u7684\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\u6df7\u5728\u4e00 \u8d77\u3002\u6839\u64da\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u7d44\uff1a\"\u7684\u3001\u4e4b\"\u3001\"\u5f97\"\u8207 \"\u5730\"\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07DE\u9019\u985e\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u5f8c\u6210 DE\u3001DE1\u8207DE2\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u7684\u3001\u4e4b\uff1a\u7099\u71b1\u7684\u592a\u967d\u3001\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\u3002 \u5f97\uff1a\u8aaa\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u5f97\u96e3 \u5730\uff1a\u9ad8\u8208\u5730\u5531\u6b4c \u4e00\u8ab2\u672c\u70ba\u5c0f\u5b78\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u6703\u592a\u9577\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c6c\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u5149\u83ef\u96dc\u8a8c\u70ba\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u51fa\u7248\u66f8\u76ee\uff0c\u53e5\u6cd5\u56b4\u50c5\uff0c\u7a0b BF 87.92 84.27 88.56 87.71 83.58 88.38 LF-1 83.37 78.07 84.33 81.53 76.24 5.5 \u8a5e\u985e\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\uff1a\"DE\" \u8655\u7406 83.50 \u5ea6\u5c6c\u8f03\u96e3\u3002 \u88682. \u4e09\u4efd\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u5167\u6240\u5305\u542b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a \u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599 \u96e3\u6613\u5ea6 0-5 \u8a5e\u53e5\u6578 6-10 \u8a5e\u53e5\u6578 11 \u8a5e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e5\u6578 BF-1 88.52 84.53 88.86 87.79 83.67 88.38 PC 58.13 46.44 63.66 52.29 42.36 60.00 \u5f9e4.1\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u9053DE\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7d44\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u5340\u57df\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u964d\u4f4e\u8a5e 7 \u7d50\u8ad6\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u7814\u7a76 Level2 Level3 Level4 Nc* Nc N V_2 V_2 V \u985eDE\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9451\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684 DE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d66\u4e88DE\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7de8\u865f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \"\u7684\u3001\u4e4b\" \u6a19\u793a\u70baDE\u3001 \"\u5f97\" \u6a19\u793a\u70baDE1\u3001\"\u5730\"\u6a19\u793a\u70baDE2\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e09\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u5f0f (a)\u55ae\u7368\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u5f8c Caa Caa C Ncd* Ncd Ncd VA* VA V \u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7b26\u5408\u8a9e\u6599\u8f38\u5165\u8f38\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u8207\u8655\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790 Cab Cab C Nd* Nd N VA2 VAC V \u7e3d\u8a08 Sinica \u9069\u4e2d 612 385 124 1,027 \u5149\u83ef \u8f03\u96e3 428 424 104 \u52a0\u5165DE\u7279\u5fb5\uff1b(b)\u4f9d\u7e8c5.3\u7bc0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5165DE\u7279\u5fb5\uff1b(c)\u4f9d\u7e8c5.4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5165DE\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u8868 \u5668\u3002\u5256\u6790\u5668\u6240\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u5230\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u6c92\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5 Cba Cba C Nep Nep Ne VB* VB V 5.3 \u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e 7\u6240\u793a\u3002\u88687(a)\u8207\u88684(b)\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5dee\u5225\u5728DE\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u5728\u5149\u83ef\u8a9e\u6599\u4e2d\u67090.55%\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5176 \u666e\u904d\u5316\u5230\u52a0\u4e0a\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e8c Cbaa Cbb C Neqa Neqa Ne VC1 VCL V 956 \u5357\u4e00 \u7c21\u55ae 1,159 566 25 1,750 5.1 \u8a5e\u985e\u666e\u904d\u5316 Chen\u548cHsieh[5]\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u4f46\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u8d85\u904e90%\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u8986 \u5b83\u5247\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u986f\u3002 \u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u6587\u5256\u6790\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u6709\u6bd4\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u8f03\u597d Cbab Cba C Neqb Neqb Ne VC* VC V \u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8a5e\u7d44\u90e8\u4efd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u80fd\u4fdd\u6709\u539f\u8a5e\u7d44\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247 \u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\"\u4e00\u8f1b\u5927\u578b\u73a9\u5177\u6a5f\u8eca\"\u7684\u9577\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u70baNP\u00e0DM A Na Na\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u5f8c\u70ba \u2212 Na NP \u00e0DM + Na NP , + Na NP \u00e0A + Na NP \u8207 + Na NP \u00e0Na Na\u3002\u5f9e\u88685\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e2d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u4e0b\u964d 0.3% \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u800c\u5256\u6790\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u7387\u78ba\u63d0\u53471.4% \u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u6709\u7528 \u7684\u3002 \u88687(c)\u6709\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u88687(b)\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u88685\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5fae\u5e45\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u6578\u64da\u770b\u4f86\uff0cDE\u7684 \u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u3002 \u88687. 'DE' \u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c (a) DE (b)\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e+DE Cbba Cbb C Nes Nes Ne VD* VD V \u7684\u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u5feb\u4e9b\u3002\u7576\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u6108\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u6703 Cbbb Cbb C Neu Neu Ne VE* VE V \u6709\u6240\u6210\u9577\uff1b\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6b67\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u5e6b\u5fd9\u89e3\u6c7a\u7d50\u69cb\u6b67\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002You Cbca Cbb C Nf* Nf N VF* VF V \u548cChen[11]\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f(word-association)\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u597d\u7684\u6a39\u7d50\u69cb\u9032 Cbcb Cbb C Ng Ng Ng VG* VG V \u884c\u8a9e\u610f\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5e6b\u5fd9\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b67\u7fa9\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684 D* D D Nh* Nh N VH* VH V \u5c07\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6574\u5408\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7528PCFG\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u5256\u6790\u5668\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u6a5f\u7387 Dab Da D Nv1 Nv N VH16 VHC V (c)\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e+\u5de6\u6210\u4efd+DE \u548c\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4f86\u6307\u5c0e\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6311\u9078\u3002 DE DE DE Nv2 Nv N VH22 VHC V \u84cb\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u4e0b\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u662f\u6709\u5176\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a5e\u985e\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u52a0\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u50c5\u52a0\u5de6\u6210\u4efd\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u9650\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u66f4 Dfa Dfa D Nv3 Nv N VI* VI V \u65873.1\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u5c0d\u7167\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u53c3\u7167\u9644\u93041\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\u539f\u5247\uff0c \u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u57163\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5206\u5225\u5c0d\u9019\u4e09\u4efd\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u88683\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u7c97\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u738798.303% \u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u53ea\u670974.29%\uff0c\u4e14\u6700\u7c97\u8a5e\u985e\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u8a5e\u6027\u6709\u6548\u5340\u5206\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7d30\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb \u7387\u7d0491%\uff0c\u660e\u986f\u8f03\u5176\u5b83\u4e8c\u7d44\u4f4e\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u70ba76%\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c97\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a(\u65b7\u8a5e\u6a19\u8a18\u8a5e\u985e)\u7684 \u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5f80\u5f8c\u5be6\u9a57\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5c07\u9577\u8a5e\u7d44\u898f\u5247\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u8457\u5f9e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316 \u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u5bb9\u8a31\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5256\u6790\u6548\u80fd\u3002 \u88683. \u8a5e\u985e\u666e\u904d\u5316\u5be6\u9a57 \u7d30\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a \u7c97\u8a5e\u985e\u5c64\u7d1a Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 Sinica \u5149\u83ef RC-Type RC-Token 86.358 91.195 92.928 93.223 96.033 96.506 97.289 98.303 98.679 \u52a9\u3002 63.015 73.194 71.806 74.681 82.154 79.877 83.269 86.581 86.330 PC 60.18 45.40 64.80 \u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u8a08\u756b\u7de8\u865f NSC93-2752-E-001-001-PAE \u53ca NSC93-2422-H-001-0004 \u7684\u90e8\u5206\u88dc \u5357\u4e00 LF-1 82.95 77.58 BF-1 89.00 84.56 89.08 \u81f4\u8b1d 84.57 \u6700\u7c97\u5c64\u7d1a \u88685. \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\u9650\u5236\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c \u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e Sinica \u5149\u83ef \u5357\u4e00 RC-Type 95.824 94.124 94.456 RC-Token 99.273 99.026 99.334 PA 99.61 99.90 99.94 LF 82.62 77.50 84.52 BF 88.65 84.47 89.02 RC-Type 96.161 94.368 94.611 95.829 93.920 94.352 93.982 92.840 92.478 RC-Token 99.590 99.330 99.536 99.273 98.994 99.322 98.602 98.470 98.798 PA 99.90 99.90 100 99.61 99.90 99.94 99.42 99.79 99.94 LF 81.33 76.71 83.59 82.71 77.82 84.62 85.63 79.43 85.50 BF 87.78 84.19 89.00 88.87 84.89 89.67 89.97 85.73 89.98 LF-1 81.41 76.79 83.59 83.04 77.90 84.66 86.13 79.60 BF-1 87.87 84.28 89.00 89.21 84.98 89.72 90.49 85.91 PC 52.29 42.47 60.23 60.27 45.40 65.03 65.73 49.06 \u4e8c\u7a2e\u8f03\u7c97\u8207\u8f03\u7d30\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u5256\u6790\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002 66.57 \u5256\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cVerd\u00fa-Mas\u3001Calera-Rubio\u8207Carrasco[10]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u6ed1\u6280\u8853(smoothing techniques)\u662f\u5c07 90.03 \u5c31\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u5256\u6790\u8ca1\u7d93\u985e\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u5f9e\u8ca1\u7d93\u9818\u57df\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u8f03\u597d\u7684 85.55 Dfb Dfb D Nv4 Nv N VJ* VJ V \u5927\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u6599\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u6703\u6bd4\u4e0d\u63a1\u7528\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u7531\u4e2d Dk Dk D P* P P VK* VK V \u5fc3\u8a9e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5256\u6790\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u8f38\u5165\u53e5\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a9e\u8a5e\u985e\u4e0d I I I T* T T VL* VL V \u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u898f\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u65e9\u522a\u9664\u3002 Na* Na N V_11 SHI V DM DM DM \u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u5b78\u7fd2\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6703\u6709\u5176 \u5c08\u9580\u53e5\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u805e\u985e\u3001\u8ca1\u7d93\u985e\u6216\u6559\u6750\u8ab2\u6587\u985e\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u8a31\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 Nb* Nb N V_12 SHI V Di Di D</td></tr></table>", | |
| "text": "", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "html": null | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |