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| "title": "Entailment Analysis for Improving Chinese Recognizing Textual Entailment System", | |
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| { | |
| "first": "Ren-Dar", | |
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| "abstract": "Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) is a new research issue in natural language processing (NLP) research area. RTE can be a useful component in many NLP applications. In this paper, we introduce our finding on the entailment analysis of the NTCIR-10 RITE-2 dataset, and use the observation to improve our system. In the previous works, all the input pairs are treated equally in a standard classification architecture. We find that is not suitable for some special cases. We believe that by isolating the special cases and building separated classifiers, a RTE system can perform better. After implementing modules for four special cases into our system, the result is significantly improved from 67.86% to 72.92% on the binary class classification task.", | |
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| "text": "Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) is a new research issue in natural language processing (NLP) research area. RTE can be a useful component in many NLP applications. In this paper, we introduce our finding on the entailment analysis of the NTCIR-10 RITE-2 dataset, and use the observation to improve our system. In the previous works, all the input pairs are treated equally in a standard classification architecture. We find that is not suitable for some special cases. We believe that by isolating the special cases and building separated classifiers, a RTE system can perform better. After implementing modules for four special cases into our system, the result is significantly improved from 67.86% to 72.92% on the binary class classification task.", | |
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| "text": "\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5(Textual Entailment, TE) (Dagan et al., 2006) \u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406(Natural Language Processing, NLP)\u6700\u8fd1\u8208\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\u76ee\u6a19\u70ba\u7d66\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u5c0d(T1,T2)\u7cfb\u7d71\u80fd \u5920\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u63a8\u65b7\u9019\u5169\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u9818 \u57df\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u554f\u7b54\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u62bd\u53d6\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6aa2\u7d22\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f (Dagan & Glickman, 2004 ; Ou & Yao, 2010) \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u85c9\u7531\u53e5\u5b50\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f8b\u5982\u8a9e\u610f\u3001\u53e5\u6cd5 (Hua & Dinga, 2011) (Yang et al., 2012) \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u85c9\u7531 GIZA++\u4e2d\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d \u9f4a\u7684\u5339\u914d\u503c\u9032\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u7279\u5fb5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5728\u8655\u7406\u5169\u985e\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\u8f03\u597d\u518d\u8655\u7406\u591a\u985e\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u5982\u5169\u985e\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c (Wang et al., 2013) ", | |
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| "text": "(Dagan et al., 2006)", | |
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| "text": "(Hua & Dinga, 2011)", | |
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| "text": "(Wang et al., 2013)", | |
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| "text": "\u7b49 \u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u9f4a\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6539\u5584\u4e4b\u524d\u6b63\u5411\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u9f4a\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8aa4\u5224\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5728 \u6587 \u5b57 \u860a \u6db5 \u8b58 \u5225 \u7684 \u63a8 \u8ad6 \u6642 \uff0c \u5404 \u7a2e \u8a9e \u7fa9 \u8cc7 \u8a0a \u8207 \u4e0a \u4e0b \u6587 \u8cc7 \u8a0a \u662f \u5fc5 \u8981 \u7684 \u8655 \u7406 \u3002 \u96d6\u7136 NTCIR-10 RITE-2 (Watanabe et al., 2013) \u4efb\u52d9\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u8a55\u9451\u5404\u7a2e\u8a9e\u7fa9/\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8655\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c \u4f46\u9019\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5177\u9ad4\u8a9e\u8a00\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u9054\u6210\u3002\u5728 RITE-2 \u65e5\u6587\u5b50\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 \u96c6\u4e2d\u542b\u5305\u6db5\u4e86\u8b58\u5225 T1 \u548c T2 \u4e4b\u524d\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5f9e\u5169\u985e(BC)\u5b50\u4efb\u52d9\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6 \u4e2d\u64f7\u53d6\u53e5\u5b50\u5c0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5177\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u52a0\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba \u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u6578\u64da\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u591a\u985e(BC)\u4efb\u52d9\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6 \u4e26\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5b83\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6790 RITE \u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a55 \u6e2c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u8b58\u5225\u6b63\u78ba\u5ea6\u548c\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u985e\u5668\u8a13\u7df4\u8207\u6e2c\u8a66\u8cc7\u6599\u3002", | |
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| "text": "3. \u7cfb\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb \u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u5982\u5716 1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\"\u9810\u8655\u7406\"\u3001\"\u65b7\u8a5e\"\u3001\"\u4e2d\u6587\u7c21 \u7e41\u8f49\u63db\"\u3001\"\u7279\u6b8a\u985e\u578b\u5206\u985e\"\u3001\u500b\u5225\" SVM \u5206\u985e\u5668\"\u548c\u6700\u5f8c\"\u7d50\u679c\u6574\u5408\"\u3002 \u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b Dagan, I., Glickman, O., & Magnini, B. (2006) . The PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge.", | |
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| "text": "log ( 1 | 2 ) i j i j i j p t t n n p \uf03d \uf03d \uf0e9 \uf0d5 \uf0eb \uf03d (1) \u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d 1 i t \u8207 2 j t \u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868 T1 \u8207 T2 \u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u5404\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c ( 1 | 2 ) i j p t t \u4ee3\u8868 1 i t \u8207 2 j t \u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u9f4a\u7684\u6a5f \u7387\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 GIZA++\u8a08\u7b97\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u9f4a\u6a5f\u7387\u5f8c\u9023\u4e58\u53d6 log \u5728\u9664\u4ee5\u9023\u4e58\u7684\u6b21\u6578 n \u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 \u5728 SVM \u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u503c n p \u3002 \u8868", | |
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| "BIBREF0": { | |
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| "TABREF0": { | |
| "text": "Binary Class, BC)\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u55ae \u7d14\u5224\u5225 T1 \u8207 T2 \u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u5426\u6709\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7d14\u4ee5\u6709\u6216\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u9ebc \u7c21\u55ae\u5c31\u5340\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0cNTCIR RITE \u53e6\u5916\u5b9a\u7fa9 \u591a\u985e(Multi Class, MC)\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u5c07\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u4f5c\u66f4\u70ba\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5206\u985e\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u9019\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u5c0d\u5177 \u6709\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5408\u7406\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u8868\u9054\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50 \u5982\u8868 1 \u4e2d\u6b63\u5411\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e00\u6a23\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u5305\u6db5\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e T1 \u53e5 \u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa T2 \u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e T2 \u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa T1 \u53e5\u5b50\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23 \u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u6b63\u5411\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\u5982\u8868 1 \u4e2d\u96d9\u5411\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e00\u6a23 T1 \u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa T2 \u53e5\u5b50 \u7684\u542b\u610f\uff0cT2 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa T1 \u53e5\u5b50\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u63a8\u8ad6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>4</td><td/><td>\u860a\u6db5\u53e5\u578b\u5206\u6790\u65bc\u6539\u9032\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71</td><td>\u694a\u5584\u9806 \u7b49</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u601d\u4e92\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u77db\u76fe\u860a\u6db5\u3002\u6216\u662f\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u6db5\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6beb\u7121\u95dc \u96a8\u5f8c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4fc2\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u56db\u7a2e\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c07\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u7d30\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u7cfb\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u6709\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"4\">\u672c\u7bc7\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u8655\u7406\u7c21\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u8207\u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 NTCIR-10 RITE-2 \u6240\u63d0</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4f9b\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u65bc\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 SVM \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5148</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6587\u53e5\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u9810\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u8cc7\u6599\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u9032\u884c\u65b7\u8a5e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5de5</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u554f\u984c\u985e\u578b\u5206\u985e\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u500b\u5225\u8655\u7406\u7684\u985e\u578b\u62bd\u51fa\u7279\u5225\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u53e5\u5b50\u5c0d\u7d93\u7531\u7279\u5fb5\u64f7\u53d6</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u53d6\u5f97\u5404\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u503c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c07\u53d6\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u503c\u4f7f\u7528 SVM \u5206\u985e\u8655\u7406\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"4\">\u672c\u7bc7\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u7cfb\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb\u8207\u9810\u8655</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u503c\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u985e\u578b\u554f\u984c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u8207\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u7d50\u8ad6\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u8868 1. \u5404\u7a2e\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f8b\u53e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u985e\u578b</td><td>\u4f8b\u53e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">t1\uff1a\u7570\u4f4d\u6027\u76ae\u819a\u708e\u597d\u767c\u65bc\u5177\u904e\u654f\u9ad4\u8cea\u7684\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u75c7\u72c0</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6b63\u5411\u860a\u6db5</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u662f\u81c9\u3001\u9838\u3001\u624b\u8098\u7aa9\u3001\u819d\u7aa9\u3001\u6216\u56db\u80a2\u80cc\u5074\u7b49\u90e8\u4f4d\u51fa\u73fe\u6414\u7662\u7d05\u75b9\u3001\u76ae\u819a\u8b8a \u539a\u3001\u8b8a\u7c97\u7cd9\u3002</td></tr><tr><td/><td>(F)</td><td colspan=\"2\">t2\uff1a\u7570\u4f4d\u6027\u76ae\u819a\u708e\u7522\u751f\u7684\u767c\u7d05\u76ae\u75b9\u597d\u767c\u65bc\u81c9\u9830\u9838\u5074\u3001\u624b\u8098\u7aa9\u6216\u819d\u84cb\u7b49\u5f4e\u66f2</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u96d9\u5411\u860a\u6db5</td><td colspan=\"3\">\u7b49\u7b49\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u9032\u800c\u63a8\u65b7\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8457\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u7279\u6027\uff0c t1\uff1a\u6d0b\u57fa\u7403\u5718\u4fdd\u8b77\u9078\u624b\u7684\u7acb\u610f\u751a\u7be4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u53ea\u6295\u4e00\u5834\u4e14\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u767e\u7403\u300d\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u554f\u7b54\u7cfb\u7d71\u627e\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u8207\u8f38\u5165\u554f\u53e5\u6700\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u554f\u53e5\u9032\u800c\u56de\u61c9\u6700\u9069\u7576\u56de\u7b54\u3002 (B) t2\uff1a\u6d0b\u57fa\u7403\u968a\u958b\u51fa\u300c\u53ea\u6295\u4e00\u5834\u4e14\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u767e\u7403\u300d\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u689d\u4ef6\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4ee5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6aa2\u7d22\u4f86\u8aaa\u6aa2\u7d22\u8a5e\u7684\u597d\u58de\u5c0d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6aa2\u7d22\u6709\u8457\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u627e\u5230\u8207\u6aa2\u7d22\u8a5e\u76f8 \u95dc\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e(\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e)\u52a0\u5165\u6aa2\u7d22\u689d\u4ef6\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7 t1\uff1a\u5370\u5c3c\u8607\u9580\u7b54\u81d8\u897f\u5cb8\u5916\u6d77\u767c\u751f\u82ae\u6c0f\u898f\u6a21\u4e5d\u7684\u5f37\u9707\uff0c\u4e3b\u9707\u8207\u9918\u9707\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684 \u77db\u76fe\u860a\u6db5 \u6d77\u562f\u5e2d\u6372\u5357\u4e9e\u8af8\u570b\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002</td></tr><tr><td>\u8a0a\u3002</td><td>(C)</td><td colspan=\"2\">t2\uff1a\u5370\u5c3c\u8607\u9580\u7b54\u81d8\u5317\u90e8\u5916\u6d77\u5eff\u516b\u65e5\u6df1\u591c\u767c\u751f\u82ae\u6c0f\u898f\u6a21\u516b\u9ede\u4e03\u7684\u5f37\u9707\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u7368\u7acb\u860a\u6db5 (I) 2. \u904e\u53bb\u7814\u7a76 t1\uff1a\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6b63\u548c\u4f55\u5927\u4e00\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u767c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u57fa\u56e0\u75ab\u82d7\u3002 t2\uff1a\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u4f55\u5927\u4e00\u6700\u8fd1\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u767c\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u57fa\u56e0\u75ab\u82d7\u3002 \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9a\u7406\u8b49\u660e\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 WordNet \u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u610f\u8a9e\u6599\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u65b9\u9762(Wu et al., 2011)\u7b49\u4eba\u53c3\u8003\u5176\u4ed6 \u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u5229\u7528\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6548\u80fd\u8a55\u4f30\u7684 BLEU \u5206\u6578\u53ca\u53e5\u5b50\u9577\u5ea6\u505a\u70ba \u7279\u5fb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e5\u5b50\u9577\u5ea6\u505a\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\u4f86\u8a13\u7df4\u5206\u985e\u5668\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u790e\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c(Zhang et \u76ee\u524d\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6210\u5169\u7a2e\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5169\u985e(\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u96d9\u5411\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u53e5\u5b50\u5c0d\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u860a\u6db5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5408\u7406\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u53e5 al., 2011)\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u52a0\u5165\u8a9e\u610f\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u8a5e\u3001\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8207\u53cd\u7fa9\u8a5e\u7b49</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u5b50\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u540c\u8868 1 \u77db\u76fe\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u80fd\u5169\u500b\u53e5 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u500b\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u7968\u6a5f\u5236\u9078\u51fa\u6700\u5408\u9069\u860a\u6db5\u95dc</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u5b50\u6240\u5305\u6db5\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u90e8\u4efd\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f8b\u5982:\u662f\u8207\u4e0d\u662f\u6216\u662f\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u4e0d\u540c\u9020\u6210\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u610f \u4fc2\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7d71\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002</td></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "html": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF1": { | |
| "text": "Papineni et al., 2002)\u4e09\u500b\u7279\u9ede\u3002Bleu(Zhou et al., 2006)\u7576\u521d\u662f\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08 \u4f86\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f(machine translation)\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u9069\u7576\u3001\u6e96\u78ba\u4ee5 \u53ca\u6d41\u66a2\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u5c07\u5176\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5b57 T1 \u548c T2 \u5f97\u5230 log Bleu recall\u3001log Bleu precision \u548c log Bleu F measure values\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e03\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u9019\u56db\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u662f T1 \u548c T2 \u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6839\u64da\u5b57\u5143\u548c\u5b57\u8a5e\u8a08\u7b97 T1 \u548c T2 \u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u7531 GIZA++(Och & Ney, 2003 )\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u9f4a\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u9019\u662f T1 \u53e5\u5b50\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a5f \u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5230 T2 \u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u53ef\u8a72\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc RTE(Quang et al., 2012)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb \u7d71\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 GIZA ++\u505a\u70ba\u55ae \u4e00\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5de5\u5177\uff0cGIZA++\u6839\u64da IBM \u6a21\u578b\u88fd\u4f5c\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u7531 GIZA++ \u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u5169\u500b", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>6</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u860a\u6db5\u53e5\u578b\u5206\u6790\u65bc\u6539\u9032\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71 \u860a\u6db5\u53e5\u578b\u5206\u6790\u65bc\u6539\u9032\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b57\u860a\u6db5\u8b58\u5225\u7cfb\u7d71</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u694a\u5584\u9806 \u7b49</td><td>5 7</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">3.1.2 \u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u66ff\u63db \u8f38\u5165\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u516c\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\u6700\u5f8c\u61c9\u7528\u5728 SVM \u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u503c\uff1a</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u8f38\u5165\u53e5\u5c0d(T1, T2) \u9810\u8655\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\uff0c\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\"\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\"\u3001\" HowNet (Liu & Li, 2002)\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f9e\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u53e5\u5b50\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \uf07b , max \uf07d , 0</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u9810\u8655\u7406 \u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u66ff\u63db\u88dc\u5145\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u95dc\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u9084\u6709 \u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u984c\u5c31\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u671d\u4ee3\u5982\u4f55\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4e2d\u6587\u7c21\u7e41\u8f49\u63db \u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\"\u4e7e\u9686\"\u662f\u897f\u5143 1735 \u5e74\u548c\"\u662d\u548c\"\u662f\u897f\u5143 1925 \u5e74\u6216\u662f\u4f8b\u5982\"\u5317 \u7c21\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4eac\u5967\u904b\"\u64c1\u6709\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f15\u6613\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\"\u5317\u4eac\u5967\u904b\"\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u897f\u5143 2008 \u5e74\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6642</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u65b7\u8a5e \u9593\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u7576\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u53d6\u5f97\u5404\u671d\u4ee3\u8cc7\u8a0a</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u671d\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4f5c\u9810\u8655\u7406\u6642\u5075\u6e2c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u542b\u6709\u671d\u4ee3\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u671d\u4ee3\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c07\u5176\u66ff</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u63db\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u5e74\u4efd\u5f8c\u52a0\u4e0a\u671d\u4ee3\u5b57\u8a5e\u5f8c\u6578\u5b57\u6e1b\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\"\u4e7e\u9686 3 \u5e74\"\u5c07\u66ff\u63db\u6210\"\u897f\u5143 1737 \u5e74\"\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u7279\u6b8a\u985e\u578b\u5206\u985e \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5730\u540d\u7684\u8868\u793a\u554f\u984c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9047\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u5730\u540d\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7e2e\u5beb\"\u53f0\u3001\u6f8e\u3001</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u91d1\u3001\u99ac\"\u662f\u6307\"\u53f0\u7063\u3001\u6f8e\u6e56\u3001\u91d1\u9580\u3001\u99ac\u7956\"\u6216\u662f\u4ee3\u7a31\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u8cc7\u6599\u5efa\u7acb\u5730\u540d\u8cc7</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">\u80af\u5b9a/\u5426\u5b9a \u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u542b\u6709\u5730\u540d\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u5730\u540d\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c07\u5176\u66ff\u63db\u6210\u7d71\u4e00\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002 \u6642\u9593\u8cc7\u8a0a \u6578\u5b57\u8cc7\u8a0a \u5dee\u7570\u4e00\u8a5e</td><td>\u5176\u4ed6</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u53e5 3.1.3 \u65b7\u8a5e\u8207\u4e2d\u6587\u7c21\u7e41\u8f49\u63db \u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4</td><td>\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5256\u6790\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u7c21\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b7</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">SVM 0 \u8a5e\u5de5\u5177\u662f ICTCLAS \u65b7\u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u8a08\u7b97\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u8a72\u5de5\u5177\u529f\u80fd\u5305 SVM 1 SVM 2 SVM 3 SVM 4</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u62ec\u65b7\u8a5e\u3001\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19\u8a3b\u3001NE \u8b58\u5225\u3001\u65b0\u5b57\u8a5e\u8b58\u5225\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8a02\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u65b7\u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6211\u5011\u8655\u7406</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">3.1.1 \u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u6b63\u898f\u5316 \u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u53e5\u5c0d\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u7c21\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u53e5\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 Google \u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e4b</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u5728\u9810\u8655\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u683c\u5f0f\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7cfb\u7d71\u9810\u8655\u7406\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u6a21\u584a\u5c07\u62ec\u865f \u7d50\u679c\u6574\u5408 \u5f8c\u6539\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u884c\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7cfb\u7d71(Li et al., 2010)\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4e2d\u5b57\u8a5e\u8996\u70ba\u62ec\u865f\u524d\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\"\u8449\u671b\u8f1d(Stephen J. Yates)\"\uff0c\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\"</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">Stephen J. Yates\"\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u8a5e\"\u8449\u671b\u8f1d\"\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u610f\u601d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u767c\u73fe\u6709 \u90e8\u5206\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u5c0d\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u9808\u7d71\u4e00\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5de5 \u5206\u985e\u7d50\u679c 3.2 \u7279\u5fb5\u63d0\u53d6</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u8868 2 \u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u9020 \u5716 1. \u7cfb\u7d71\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u5224\u8b80\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5c07\u53e5\u5b50\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u8457</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8b58\u5225\uff0c\u5728\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6587\u5b57\u5c0d\u9f4a\u9032\u800c\u63d0</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u9ad8\u5169\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6a5f\u7387\u3002 \u8868 2. \u5404\u7a2e\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4f8b\u53e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u6642\u9593\u578b\u614b</td><td>\u6642\u9593\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u4e2d\u6587</td><td>\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e03\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u5eff\u4e09\u65e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u6578\u5b57\u5168\u5f62</td><td>\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff17\u5e74\uff12\u6708\uff12\uff13\u65e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u6578\u5b57\u534a\u5f62</td><td>1997\u5e742\u670823\u65e5</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u6578\u5b57\u4ee5\u300c-\u300d\u9694\u958b</td><td>1999-05-07</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u6578\u5b57\u4ee5\u300c/\u300d\u9694\u958b</td><td>1985/12/20</td><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>\u7bc4\u570d</td><td>1999\u5e74\u5ef6\u9577\u81f32001\u5e74</td><td/></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "html": null | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |