| { | |
| "paper_id": "O16-1001", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:04:50.626707Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "\u8a55\u4f30\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u95dc\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u65bc\u83ef\u8a9e\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76 Evaluation Metric-related Optimization Methods for Mandarin Mispronunciation Detection", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Yao-Chi", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "\u8a31\u66dc\u9e92", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Ming-Han", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hsu", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Hsiao-Tsung", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Yang", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "[email protected]" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Yi-Ju", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hung", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "\u9673\u67cf\u7433", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Lin", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Chen", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Berlin", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "[email protected]" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Kuan-Yu", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "\u9673\u51a0\u5b87", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "[email protected]" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "", | |
| "pdf_parse": { | |
| "paper_id": "O16-1001", | |
| "_pdf_hash": "", | |
| "abstract": [], | |
| "body_text": [], | |
| "back_matter": [], | |
| "bib_entries": { | |
| "BIBREF0": { | |
| "ref_id": "b0", | |
| "title": "Implementation of an extended recognition network for mispronunciation detection and diagnosis in computer-assisted pronunciation training", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "A", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "M" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Harrison", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "W", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "K" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Lo", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "X", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "J" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Qian", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Meng", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2009, | |
| "venue": "Proc. SLaTE", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "A. M. Harrison, W. K. Lo, X. J. Qian and H. Meng, \"Implementation of an extended recognition network for mispronunciation detection and diagnosis in computer-assisted pronunciation training,\" in Proc. SLaTE, 2009.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF1": { | |
| "ref_id": "b1", | |
| "title": "Automatic derivation of phonological rules for mispronunciation detection in a computer-assisted pronunciation training system", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "W", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "K" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Lo", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "S", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Zhang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Meng", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2010, | |
| "venue": "Proc. Interspeech", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "W. K. Lo, S. Zhang and H. Meng, \"Automatic derivation of phonological rules for mispronunciation detection in a computer-assisted pronunciation training system,\" in Proc. Interspeech, 2010.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF2": { | |
| "ref_id": "b2", | |
| "title": "Improved approaches of modeling and detecting error patterns with empirical analysis for computer-aided pronunciation training", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "B" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Wang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "L", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "S" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Lee", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2012, | |
| "venue": "Proc. ICASSP", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Y. B. Wang and L. S. Lee, \"Improved approaches of modeling and detecting error patterns with empirical analysis for computer-aided pronunciation training,\" in Proc. ICASSP, 2012.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF3": { | |
| "ref_id": "b3", | |
| "title": "Supervised detection and unsupervised discovery of pronunciation error patterns for computer-assisted language learning", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "B" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Wang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "L", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "S" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Lee", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2015, | |
| "venue": "IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing", | |
| "volume": "23", | |
| "issue": "3", | |
| "pages": "564--579", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Y. B. Wang and L. S. Lee, \"Supervised detection and unsupervised discovery of pronunciation error patterns for computer-assisted language learning,\" IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 564-579, 2015.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF4": { | |
| "ref_id": "b4", | |
| "title": "Deep neural networks for acoustic modeling in speech recognition", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "G", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hinton", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "L", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Deng", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "D", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Yu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "G", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Dahl", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "A", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Mohamed", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "N", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Jaitly", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "A", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Senior", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "V", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Vanhoucke", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "P", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Nguyen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "T", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Sainath", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "B", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Kingsbury", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2012, | |
| "venue": "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing Magazine", | |
| "volume": "29", | |
| "issue": "6", | |
| "pages": "82--97", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "G. Hinton, L. Deng, D. Yu, G. Dahl, A. Mohamed, N. Jaitly, A. Senior, V. Vanhoucke, P. Nguyen, T. Sainath and B. Kingsbury, \"Deep neural networks for acoustic modeling in speech recognition,\" IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 82-97, 2012.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF5": { | |
| "ref_id": "b5", | |
| "title": "Improved mispronunciation detection with deep neural network trained acoustic models and transfer learning based logistic regression classifiers", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "W", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Qian", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "F", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "K" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Soong", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Wang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2015, | |
| "venue": "Speech Communication", | |
| "volume": "67", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "154--166", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "W. Hu, Y. Qian, F. K. Soong and Y. Wang, \"Improved mispronunciation detection with deep neural network trained acoustic models and transfer learning based logistic regression classifiers,\" Speech Communication, vol. 67, pp. 154-166, 2015.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF6": { | |
| "ref_id": "b6", | |
| "title": "The use of DBN-HMMs for mispronunciation detection and diagnosis in L2 English to support computeraided pronunciation training", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "X", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Qian", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Meng", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "F", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "K" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Soong", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2012, | |
| "venue": "Proc. Interspeech", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "X. Qian, H. Meng and F. K. Soong, \"The use of DBN-HMMs for mispronunciation detection and diagnosis in L2 English to support computeraided pronunciation training,\" in Proc. Interspeech, 2012.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF7": { | |
| "ref_id": "b7", | |
| "title": "A DNN-based acoustic modeling of tonal language and its application to Mandarin pronunciation training", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "W", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Hu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Qian", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "F", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "K" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Soong", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2014, | |
| "venue": "Proc. ICASSP", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "W. Hu, Y. Qian and F. K. Soong, \"A DNN-based acoustic modeling of tonal language and its application to Mandarin pronunciation training,\" in Proc. ICASSP, 2014.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF8": { | |
| "ref_id": "b8", | |
| "title": "Maximum F1-score discriminative training criterion for automatic mispronunciation detection", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Huang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Xu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "X", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Wang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "W", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Silamu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2015, | |
| "venue": "IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing", | |
| "volume": "23", | |
| "issue": "5", | |
| "pages": "787--797", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "H. Huang, H. Xu, X. Wang and W. Silamu, \"Maximum F1-score discriminative training criterion for automatic mispronunciation detection,\" IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 23, no. 5 pp. 787-797, 2015.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF9": { | |
| "ref_id": "b9", | |
| "title": "Mispronunciation detection leveraging maximum performance criterion training of acoustic models and decision functions", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Y", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "C" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Hsu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "M", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "H" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Yang", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "H", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "T" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Hung", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "B", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chen", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2016, | |
| "venue": "Proc. Interspeech", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Y. C. Hsu, M. H. Yang, H. T. Hung and B. Chen, \"Mispronunciation detection leveraging maximum performance criterion training of acoustic models and decision functions,\" in Proc. Interspeech, 2016.", | |
| "links": null | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ref_entries": { | |
| "FIGREF0": { | |
| "text": "\u81f4\u8b1d \u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u627f\u8499\u6559\u80b2\u90e8-\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9081\u5411\u9802\u5c16\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u756b(104-2911-I-003-301) \u8207\u884c\u653f\u9662\u79d1\u6280\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b(MOST 104-2221-E-003-018-MY3 \u548c MOST 105-2221-E-003-018-MY3)\u4e4b\u7d93\u8cbb\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8b39\u6b64\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002 \u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b [1] S. M. Witt and S. J. Young, \"Phone-level pronunciation scoring and assessment for interactive language learning,\" Speech Communication, vol. 30, no. 2-3, pp. 95-108, 2000. [2] F. Zhang, C. Huang, F. K. Soong, M. Chu, and R. H. Wang, \"Automatic mispronunciation detection for Mandarin,\" in Proc. ICASSP, 2008. [3] L. Y. Chen and J. S. R. Jang, \"Automatic pronunciation scoring with score combination by learning to rank and class-normalized DP-based quantization,\" IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 23, no. 11 pp. 787-797, 2015. [4] A. M. Harrison, W. Y. Lau, H. Meng and L. Wang, \"Improving mispronunciation detection and diagnosis of learners' speech with context-sensitive phonological rules based on language transfer,\" in Proc. Interspeech, 2008.", | |
| "type_str": "figure", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "uris": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF0": { | |
| "text": "\u6458\u8981 \u5168\u7403\u5316\u6642\u4ee3\u4f86\u81e8\uff0c\u70ba\u63d0\u5347\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff0c\u5916\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b\u5df2\u5217\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u96fb\u8166\u8f14 \u52a9\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2(computer assisted language learning, CALL)\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u5df2\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u5177\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b 2016 Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing ROCLING 2016, pp. 1-3 \uf0d3 The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing", | |
| "html": null, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>The \u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6df1\u5c64\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u8072\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u5728\u6548\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684</td></tr><tr><td>\u63d0\u5347[10][11][12]\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5ef6\u7e8c\u904e\u53bb\u5b78\u8005\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4efb\u52d9</td></tr><tr><td>\u7684\u6548\u80fd[13][14]\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u51fd\u6578\u5c0d\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u5be6\u4f5c\u65bc\u6df1\u5c64\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u8072\u5b78\u6a21\u578b</td></tr><tr><td>\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0a\u63a2\u8a0e\u5c0d\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u9ede\uff1a1) \u6bd4\u8f03</td></tr><tr><td>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u97f3\u5206\u6578\u505a\u70ba\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u63a2\u8a0e\u5c0d\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b</td></tr><tr><td>2) \u4e26\u4ee5\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4efb\u52d9\u4e4b\u6548\u80fd\u505a\u70ba\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u5c07\u6703\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u932f</td></tr><tr><td>\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff1b3) \u4f7f\u7528F 1 \u5ea6\u91cf\u4f5c\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u51fd\u6578\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u5c07\u4e8c\u985e\u7684F 1 \u5ea6\u91cf\u7dda\u6027\u7d44\u5408\u4e26\u8abf</td></tr><tr><td>\u6574\u6b0a\u91cd\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u5225\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9081\u5411\u9802</td></tr><tr><td>\u5c16\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u756b\u6240\u9304\u88fd\u7684\u83ef\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u5b78\u7fd2\u83ef\u8a9e\u6240\u9304\u88fd\u7684\u55ae\u5b57\u3001\u55ae</td></tr><tr><td>\u8a5e\u8207\u77ed\u53e5\u3002\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316F 1 \u5ea6\u91cf\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u5c0d\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u5728\u932f\u8aa4</td></tr><tr><td>\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4efb\u52d9\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u986f\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002</td></tr><tr><td>\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\uff1a\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u767c\u97f3\u8a13\u7df4\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8a9e\u97f3\u8fa8\u8b58\u3001\u9451\u5225\u5f0f\u8a13\u7df4\u8207\u6df1\u5c64\u985e\u795e\u7d93</td></tr><tr><td>\u7db2\u8def</td></tr><tr><td>\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u8166\u81ea\u52d5\u5224\u65b7\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u56de\u994b\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u53c8\u5206</td></tr><tr><td>\u70ba\u807d(listening)\u3001\u8aaa(speaking)\u3001\u8b80(reading)\u548c\u5beb(writing)\u7b49\u56db\u985e\u5b78\u7fd2\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c07</td></tr><tr><td>\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u767c\u97f3\u8a13\u7df4(computer assisted pronunciation training, CAPT)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f9e\u662f \u300c\u8aaa\u300d</td></tr><tr><td>\u7684\u6280\u8853\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u767c\u97f3\u8a13\u7df4\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8b93\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5916\u8a9e(second-language, L2)</td></tr><tr><td>\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u7df4\u7fd2\u767c\u97f3\uff1b\u904e\u53bb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8981\u9032\u884c\u767c\u97f3\u7df4\u7fd2\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u6559</td></tr><tr><td>\u5e2b\u7684\u6388\u8ab2\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u82e5\u5c07\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u767c\u97f3\u8a13\u7df4\u666e\u53ca\u5230\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u667a\u6167\u578b\u884c\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7b2c</td></tr><tr><td>\u4e8c\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u60e0\u3002\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u767c\u97f3\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u6b63\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8acb</td></tr><tr><td>\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8b80\u8aa6\u53e3\u8aaa\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5ff5\u8aa6\u7684\u9304\u97f3\uff0c\u6a19\u8a18\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u767c\u97f3\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u767c\u97f3(correct</td></tr><tr><td>pronunciation)\u6216\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3(mispronunciation)\uff0c\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u97f3\u7d20(phone)\u5c64\u6b21[1]\u3001\u97f3</td></tr><tr><td>\u7bc0(syllable)\u5c64\u6b21[2]\u6216\u8a5e(word)\u5c64\u6b21[3]\u3002\u7576\u7cfb\u7d71\u6307\u51fa\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a72</td></tr><tr><td>\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u9032\u884c\u504f\u8aa4\u56de\u994b\uff0c\u8a72\u968e\u6bb5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u97f3\u8a3a\u65b7[4][5][6][7][8]\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u8a9e\u97f3\u8fa8</td></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |