| { | |
| "paper_id": "O17-3007", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T07:59:47.363733Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "A Knowledge Representation Method to Implement A Taiwanese Tone Group Parser \u5f35\u4f51\u7af9 \uf02a", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Yu-Chu", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Chang", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "National Chung Cheng University", | |
| "location": {} | |
| }, | |
| "email": "[email protected]" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "A tone group parser could be one of the most important components of the Taiwanese text-to-speech system. In this paper, we offered the hypothesis of tonal government to emphasis the idea that if the allotone selection can be made for each word in a sentence then the tone groups will be separated within the sentence and supported our viewpoint with the implementation of a Taiwanese tone group parser. In addition to the description of using the symbol system to convert language expertise and heuristic knowledge into a knowledge base to cope with a frame-based corpus and a tone sandhi processor, the procedure of connecting the 1 \u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u627f\u8499\u4e2d\u6b63\u5927\u5b78\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9ea5\u5091\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u4f9b\u8af8\u591a\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u8b39\u6b64\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002", | |
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| "paper_id": "O17-3007", | |
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| "abstract": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "A tone group parser could be one of the most important components of the Taiwanese text-to-speech system. In this paper, we offered the hypothesis of tonal government to emphasis the idea that if the allotone selection can be made for each word in a sentence then the tone groups will be separated within the sentence and supported our viewpoint with the implementation of a Taiwanese tone group parser. In addition to the description of using the symbol system to convert language expertise and heuristic knowledge into a knowledge base to cope with a frame-based corpus and a tone sandhi processor, the procedure of connecting the 1 \u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u627f\u8499\u4e2d\u6b63\u5927\u5b78\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9ea5\u5091\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u4f9b\u8af8\u591a\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u8b39\u6b64\u81f4\u8b1d\u3002", | |
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| "section": "Abstract", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "body_text": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4(Tone groups)\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e 2 \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u4e5f\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u8f38\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71 \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00 (Liim, 2004; \u7530\u6751\u5fd7\u6d25\u679d, 2010) \u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u5f9e\u97f3\u97fb\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63a2\u7d22 \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5c07\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u5982\u4f55\u85c9\u8457\u8b8a\u8abf(Tone sandhi)\u5f62\u6210\u7368\u7279\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u884d\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u548c \u7576 \u4ee3 \u97f3 \u97fb -\u53e5 \u6cd5 \u754c \u9762 \u7684 \u76f8 \u95dc \u7814 \u7a76 \u76f8 \u4e92 \u5370 \u8b49 \uff0c \u63d0 \u51fa \u8072 \u8abf \u7ba1 \u8f44 \u5047 \u8aaa (Tonal-government hypothesis)\u4f86\u4e3b\u5f35\u5148\u5c07\u53e5\u5167\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b9a\u8abf\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5206\u754c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u8aaa\u660e\u4ee5\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e \u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97(Tone sandhi acquisition)\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c07\u77e5\u8b58\u8868\u5fb5(Knowledge representation)\u6280\u8853 \u548c\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5c6c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u52a0\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u88fd\u4f5c\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 2. \u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867 (Literature Review)", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 57, | |
| "end": 69, | |
| "text": "(Liim, 2004;", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF10" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 70, | |
| "end": 82, | |
| "text": "\u7530\u6751\u5fd7\u6d25\u679d, 2010)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF18" | |
| } | |
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| "section": "\u7dd2\u8ad6 (Introduction)", | |
| "sec_num": "1." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Language from Phonological and Structural View) \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u70ba\u8072\u8abf\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u8b8a\u8abf\u662f\u6307\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8072\u8abf\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u9130\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u8072\u8abf\u8abf\u503c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5e38\u898b \u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8b8a\u8abf\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7686 \u6709\u672c\u8abf 3 (Lexical tone)\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf(Sandhi tone)\u5169\u7a2e\u8abf\u578b(Tone form)\u3002\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u97f3\u7bc0 \u8b80\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u97f3\u7bc0\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf (Chiu, 1931; \u738b\u80b2\u5fb7, 1955) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4e14\u552f\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u4e00\u7d44\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4e2d \u50c5\u6709\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u4e00\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u5373\u70ba\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u5c31\u662f \u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7d44\u6210\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u55ae\u5143(Syntax unit)\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 \u8a9e\u7fa9\u55ae\u4f4d(Semantic unit)\u548c\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb(Prosodic structure)\u3002\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5728\u8a9e\u53e5\u5167\u4ee5 \u8b8a\u8abf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00 (Chang, 2009 (Cheng, 1968; Chen, 1987; Lin, 1994) \u3002\u5f9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0b\u627e \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a\u8abf\u4f5c\u70ba\u97fb\u5f8b\u5206\u754c\u7684\u8b49\u64da (Tsay, Myers & Chen, 2000) \u6216\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u9f3b\u97f3\u5316 \u63a2\u8a0e\u97fb\u5f8b\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5206\u754c\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7684\u97fb\u5f8b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35 (Pan, 2003) \u3002 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u8f38\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71 (Liang, Yang, Chiang, Lyu&Lyu, 2004) \u6216\u904b \u7528\u8a5e\u985e\u6a19\u8a18\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u8655\u7406\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a\u8abf (Iunn, Lau, Tan-Tenn, Lee & Kao, 2007) \u3002Pan \u6307\u51fa \u672c\u8abf\u8a9e\u8a5e\u662f\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c07\u53e5\u5167\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b9a\u8abf\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u754c\u5b9a\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4 (Pan, 2003) \u3002\u6211\u5011\u5247 \u8a8d\u70ba\u82e5\u80fd\u5c07\u53e5\u5167\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b9a\u8abf\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u754c\u5b9a\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u53f0\u95a9 \u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u3001\u8a5e\u985e\u8207\u8072\u8abf\u8abf\u578b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 202, | |
| "end": 214, | |
| "text": "(Chiu, 1931;", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF4" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 215, | |
| "end": 225, | |
| "text": "\u738b\u80b2\u5fb7, 1955)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF17" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 406, | |
| "end": 418, | |
| "text": "(Chang, 2009", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 419, | |
| "end": 432, | |
| "text": "(Cheng, 1968;", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF3" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 433, | |
| "end": 444, | |
| "text": "Chen, 1987;", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF2" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 445, | |
| "end": 455, | |
| "text": "Lin, 1994)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF9" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 480, | |
| "end": 506, | |
| "text": "(Tsay, Myers & Chen, 2000)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF16" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 553, | |
| "end": 564, | |
| "text": "(Pan, 2003)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF12" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 588, | |
| "end": 624, | |
| "text": "(Liang, Yang, Chiang, Lyu&Lyu, 2004)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 646, | |
| "end": 684, | |
| "text": "(Iunn, Lau, Tan-Tenn, Lee & Kao, 2007)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF7" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 723, | |
| "end": 734, | |
| "text": "(Pan, 2003)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF12" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u5f9e\u97f3\u97fb\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7d50\u69cb\u89c0\u9ede\u770b\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7279\u8cea (The Nature of Taiwanese", | |
| "sec_num": "2.1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Selkirk \u7684\u9593\u63a5\u6307\u6d89\u5047\u8aaa\u6307\u51fa\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u9650\u5236\u97f3\u97fb\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba \u5a92\u4ecb\u5f71\u97ff\u97f3\u97fb\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5176\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u53e5\u6cd5->\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb->\u97f3\u97fb (Selkirk, 1986) 55 (1) e 23 (2) e 23 (1) e 23 -bin 33 (2) si 33 (1) nng 23 -a 53 -phue 23 (2) tso 31 --e 23 (2). (\u9019\u96d9\u978b\u7684\u978b\u9762\u662f\u4e8c\u6994\u76ae\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u3002)", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 73, | |
| "end": 88, | |
| "text": "(Selkirk, 1986)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF13" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 89, | |
| "end": 91, | |
| "text": "55", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 124, | |
| "end": 126, | |
| "text": "33", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 134, | |
| "end": 136, | |
| "text": "33", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 160, | |
| "end": 162, | |
| "text": "23", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa(Tonal-government Hypothesis)", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Tsit 32 siang 55 (1) e 23 -bin 33 (2) si 33 (1) nng 23 -a 53 -phue 23 (2) e 23 (1) e 23 (2) si 33 (1) gua 53 -e 23 (2).(\u9019\u96d9\u978b\u9762\u70ba\u4e8c\u6994\u76ae\u7684\u978b\u5b50\u662f\u6211\u7684\u3002) \u7531\u65bc\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u9023\u5beb\u6216\u5206\u5beb\u5e38\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u8b8a\u8abf\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u69cb\u8a5e\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u5256\u6790 \u5668\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7814\u5224\u8a9e\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7d71\u8a08\u6a5f\u7387\u5206\u6790\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5 \u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u8207\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u5c40\u90e8\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u6211\u5011 \u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u77e5\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97\u662f\u5426\u5168\u7136\u4f9d\u5faa\u7d93\u9a57\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u7136\u800c 13)(14\u7684\u5b9a\u8abf\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u53ef \u5be6\u8b49\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7d93\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5206\u8fa8\u8a9e\u97f3\uff0c\u7e7c\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u8a9e\u7fa9\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002", | |
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| "start": 14, | |
| "end": 16, | |
| "text": "55", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 31, | |
| "end": 33, | |
| "text": "33", | |
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| "text": "33", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 67, | |
| "end": 69, | |
| "text": "23", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 95, | |
| "end": 97, | |
| "text": "33", | |
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| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa(Tonal-government Hypothesis)", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>)\u3002 \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u3001\u8a9e\u7fa9\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u807d\u8a71\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u53e5\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8072\u8abf\u4f86\u8fa8 \u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u985e(POS)\u548c\u8a9e\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u672c\u8abf\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u300cke 55 (\u96de/\u52a0)\u300d\u5728\u4f8b\u53e5(1)\u548c(2)\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c \u7684\u8abf\u578b\u3001\u8a5e\u985e\u548c\u8a9e\u7fa9\u3002 (1) Tsit 31 tsiah 31 (\u8b8a\u8abf)ke 55 (\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u540d\u8a5e)tsit 54 kong 55 -kin 55 .(\u9019\u96bb\u96de\u91cd\u4e00\u516c\u65a4\u3002) (2) Tsit 31 tsiah 31 (\u672c\u8abf)ke 55 (\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e)tsit 54 kong 55 -kin 55 .(\u9019\u96bb\u591a\u91cd\u4e00\u516c\u65a4\u3002) \u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u53e5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4eba\u8166\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u540c\u97f3\u7570\u5f62\u6f22\u5b57\u300c\u96de/\u52a0\u300d\u548c\u8a9e\u5883\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u8a9e\u7fa9 \u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u96fb\u8166\u800c\u8a00\uff0c(1)\u548c(2)\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u62fc\u97f3\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7fa9(Autonomous semantic mapping)\u78ba\u5b9a\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300cke 55 \u300d\u7684\u8abf\u578b\u6216\u9032\u884c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u5c6c\u65bc\u9ad8\u968e \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd(Strong AI)\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u8a71\u7cfb\u7d71\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002 \u4f8b\u53e5(3)\u548c(4)\u8aaa\u660e\u6578\u91cf\u8a5e\u300ctsit 32 king 55 (\u9019\u9593)\u300d\u7684\u8abf\u578b\u8996\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u8a9e\u5883\u800c\u5b9a\u3002 (3) Tsit 32 king 55 (\u672c\u8abf)u 33 tsai 55 hue 55 .(\u9019\u9593\u623f\u5c4b\u6709\u7a2e\u82b1\u3002) (4) Tsit 32 king 55 (\u8b8a\u8abf)u 33 tsai 55 hue 55 e 23 tshu 31 si 33 guan 53 tau 55 .(\u9019\u9593\u6709\u7a2e\u82b1\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u662f \u6211\u5bb6\u3002) \u5f9e\u4f8b\u53e5(5)(6)(7)\u548c(8)\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d93\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u8b8a\u5316(Chang, 2009)\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 (5) [A 55 -bi 53 ] [beh 32 khi 31 Tai 23 -pak 32 .](\u963f\u7f8e\u8981\u53bb\u53f0\u5317\u3002)\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4 4 \u3002 \u63d2\u5165\u8b8a\u8abf\u8a9e\u8a5e\u300csiunn 33 (\u60f3)\u300d\u5f8c\uff0c\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6578\u76ee\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002 (6) [A 55 -bi 53 ] [siunn 33 beh 32 khi 31 Tai 23 -pak 32 .](\u963f\u7f8e\u60f3\u8981\u53bb\u53f0\u5317\u3002) \u63d2\u5165\u672c\u8abf\u8a9e\u8a5e\u300cpai 31 -it 32 (\u661f\u671f\u4e00)\u300d\u5f8c\uff0c\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6578\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u3002 \u63d2\u5165\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u300ctse 33 gu 23 -tshia 55 (\u5750\u725b\u8eca)\u300d\u5f8c\uff0c\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6578\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u3002 (8) [A 55 -bi 53 ] [beh 32 tse 33 gu 23 -tshia 55 ] [khi 31 Tai 23 -pak 32 .](\u963f\u7f8e\u8981\u5750\u725b\u8eca\u53bb\u53f0\u5317\u3002) \u5c31\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f XP(X Phrase)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684 XP \u90fd\u662f\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u3002 \u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u63db\u70ba XP \u7684\u5148\u9a45\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 \u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u505a\u70ba\u9023\u7d50\u97f3\u97fb\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb(Selkirk, 1986)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u986f\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00 \u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u7fd2\u5f97\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u800c\u61c9\u7528\u97fb\u5f8b\u8a0a\u606f(Prosodic cue)\u5efa\u7acb\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5152\u7ae5 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u6a19\u8a18\u51fa\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u7fd2\u5f97\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58(Tsay, 1999)\u3002 \u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7dda\u7d22\u3002 2.2 \u8a9e\u8a00\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u6a21\u64ec Norman Geschwind \u5c0d\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5927\u8166\u76ae\u5c64\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8166\u76ae\u8cea\u88e1\u81f3\u5c11\u6709 \u5169\u500b\u5340\u584a\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u5340\u584a\u88ab\u7cbe\u78ba\u898f\u5283\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u8a00\u8a9e\u8cc7\u8a0a(Geschwind, 1979)\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5de6\u534a\u5340\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u6709\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u5927\u8166\u8a18\u61b6\u88e1\u5132\u5b58\u8a9e \u5f59\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5247\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u3002\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\u5f9e\u8a9e\u97f3\u611f\u77e5(Perception)\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u77e5 \u6a5f\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728(Eimas, 1985)\u3002\u97f3\u7bc0\u3001\u8a9e\u8a5e\u3001\u7247\u8a9e\u6216\u97fb\u5f8b\u55ae\u4f4d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u8166\u76ae\u8cea\u7684\u8a18\u61b6 \u5340\u584a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8005\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684\u8a5e\u985e\u548c\u8abf\u578b\u6a19\u8a18\u5728\u8a18\u61b6 \u88e1\u3002 \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u9700\u8996\u8a5e\u985e \u548c\u8a9e\u5883\u624d\u80fd\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u8907\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u898f\u5247\u5c07\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587 \u7ae0\u7c97\u7565\u5b9a\u8abf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u7d04 70%\u7684\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u3002\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8abf\u578b\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5f80\u5f80\u548c\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684 \u8a5e\u985e\u3001\u76f8\u9130\u8a9e\u8a5e\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u985e\u9700\u8981\u898f\u5247\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u8a9e\u8005\u7528\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f \u5426\u5ef6\u4f38\u8a9e\u610f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\u5c1a\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5247\u662f \u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u8a9e\u610f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8981\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u6216\u8b8a\u8abf\u901a\u5e38\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc \u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u8aaa\u8a71\u524d\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002 \u97fb\u5f8b\u5c0e\u5f15\u5047\u8aaa(The prosodic bootstrapping hypothesis)\u8aaa\u660e\u5152\u7ae5\u5982\u4f55\u5b78\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u97fb\u5f8b\u8a0a \u606f\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u754c\u5b9a\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u7fd2\u5f97\u8b8a\u8abf\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6280\u5de7\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684 \u672c\u8abf\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f(Tsay, 1999)\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u505a\u70ba\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u5373 \u4f7f\u7121\u6cd5\u5bdf\u89ba\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u672a\u66fe\u8a8d\u771f\u5b78\u7fd2\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u8655\u7406\u8b8a\u8abf\u4e26\u61c9\u7528\u4eba\u8166 \u5256\u6790\u5668\u8fa8\u8b58\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u5728\u521d\u5b78\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u8a8d\u5f97\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 2.3 Marvin Minsky \u8a8d\u70ba\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71(Problem-solving system)\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21 \u64ec\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u6846\u67b6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u61c9\u7528(Minsky, 1975)\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u8868\u5fb5\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u6280 \u8853\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\u6db5\u84cb\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab(Knowledge base)\u3001\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce(Inference engine)\u548c\u958b\u767c\u4ecb\u9762\u4e09\u90e8 \u5206\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6a19(Goals)\uff0c\u898f\u5247(Rules)\u4ee5\u53ca\u9818\u57df\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u8ca0\u8cac\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b \u5e8f\u53ca\u7b56\u7565\u7ba1\u5236(Chang, 1992)\u3002\u958b\u767c\u4ecb\u9762\u5247\u7528\u4f86\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6e9d\u901a\u6216\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u505a\u9023\u7d50\u3002 (7) [A \u5f35\u4f51\u7af9 2.4 \u8207\u672c\u6587\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76(Current Research of the Taiwanese Tone 2.1.2 \u97f3\u97fb-\u53e5\u6cd5\u754c\u9762 (The Phonology-syntax Interface) \u9593\u63a5\u6307\u6d89\u5047\u8aaa(Indirect reference hypothesis)\u6307\u51fa\u97f3\u97fb\u898f\u5247\u4e26\u975e\u7531\u53e5\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7d93\u7531 Groups)</td></tr></table>" | |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>\u5f35\u4f51\u7af9</td></tr><tr><td>\u7bc4\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u69cb\u6210\u97f3\u97fb\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u660e\u986f\u7684\u905e\u8ff4(Recursive)\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684 (\u52d5\u540d\u8a5e)\u3001k(\u9023\u7db4\u52d5\u8a5e)\u3001&(\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4)\u7b49\u6a19\u8a18\u3002 chaining)\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5340\u6bb5\u5167\u7684\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u7528\u8ff4\u5708\u57f7\u884c\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b57\u4e32\u9663\u5217\u88e1\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8a9e\u8a5e\u9010\u4e00\u7d93</td></tr><tr><td>\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5c07\u6458\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u904e\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f8c\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8abf\u578b\u503c\u3002</td></tr><tr><td>\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e \u8a9e\u53e5\u7531\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u548c\u8072\u8abf\u8abf\u578b\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u6539\u8b8a\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5(9)\u548c(10) \u986f\u793a\uff0ckhuann 31 \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8abf\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8a5e\u985e\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u8a9e\u7fa9\u3002\u5f9e \u4f8b\u53e5(11)\u548c(12)\uff0c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u65b9\u4f4d\u8a5e\u7684\u524d\u8a5e\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u8907\u97f3\u7bc0\u65b9\u4f4d\u8a5e\u7684\u524d\u8a5e\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u898f\u5f8b \u6027\u3002lai 33 \u548c lai 33 -te 53 \uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u97f3\u7bc0\u6578\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u524d\u8a5e\u7684\u8abf\u578b\u548c\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002 (9) [Li 53 khuann 31 (\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u8b80\u672c\u8abf)] [kam 53 u 33 ]?(\u4f60\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u6c92\u6709\uff1f) (10) [Li 53 khuann 31 (\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf)kam 53 u 33 ]?(\u4f60\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u55ce\uff1f) (11) [Kong 55 -hng 23 (\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf)-lai 33 ] [u 33 tsit 54 tsiah 32 kau 23 ].(\u516c\u5712\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u7334\u5b50\u3002) (12) [Kong 55 -hng 23 (\u8b80\u672c\u8abf) ] [lai 33 -te 53 ] [u 33 tsit 54 tsiah 32 kau 23 ]. (\u516c\u5712\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u7334\u5b50\u3002) \u96d6\u7136\u97f3\u97fb\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5728\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u88e1\u4e26\u975e\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u8072\u8abf\u8b8a\u5316\u9020\u6210\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u6539 \u8b8a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u537b\u5c62\u898b\u4e0d\u9bae\u3002\u5f9e\u5716 1 \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u9664\u4e86\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u5f71\u97ff\u97f3\u97fb\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8a5e\u985e\u3001\u8b8a\u8abf \u898f\u5247\u3001\u8072\u8abf\u8abf\u578b\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u4e3b\u5c0e\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa\u6db5\u84cb\u7684 \u5716 1.\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u53e5\u6cd5\u3001\u97fb\u5f8b\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u97f3\u97fb\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u5047\u8aaa\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u57df [Figure 1Tsay \u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u51f8\u986f\u56de\u994b\u6a5f\u5236\u5c0d\u6a21\u64ec\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002Pan \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u660e\u78ba\u6307 \u51fa\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6fc0\u767c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u96fb\u8166\u88fd\u4f5c\u4eba\u5de5\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790 \u5668\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c0b\u627e\u97fb\u5f8b\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u89e3\u6c7a\u591a\u91cd POS \u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b8a\u8abf\u554f\u984c\u7684\u9748 \u611f\u5247\u4f86\u81ea Selkirk \u7684\u9593\u63a5\u6307\u6d89\u5047\u8aaa\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53e5\u5167\u8a9e\u8a5e\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u6b63\u78ba\u8abf\u578b\uff0c\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5c31\u662f\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5206\u754c\u3002\u5be6 \u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u6307\u6d89\u5047\u8aaa\u548c\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa\u7b49\u8ad6\u8ff0\u505a\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u9810 \u8a2d\u8072\u8abf\u8abf\u578b\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e\u53ca\u524d\u5f8c\u8a5e\u8abf\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u8f14\u7684\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c07\u53e5\u5167\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b9a\u8abf\u5f8c\uff0c \u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e2d\u8403\u53d6\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u5c08\u5bb6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u61c9\u7528\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u8a9e\u6599\u9032\u884c\u6a19\u8a18\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb \u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u5eab\u3002\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5275 \u610f\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u4ee5\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b(Default mark of tone form)\u3001\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e(Default POS) \u548c\u6a21\u5f0f(Mode)\u4e09\u7a2e\u6a19\u8a18\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u9304\u90fd\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e00\u7d44\u5305\u542b\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5c6c\u6027\u7684 \u7b26\u865f\u3002\u9019\u7d44\u7b26\u865f\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u9023\u7d50\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668(Tone sandhi processor)\u3002\u8655\u7406\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8b8a \u8abf\u6642\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540c\u97f3\u7570\u7fa9\u8a5e\u6216\u517c\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u8a5e\u985e\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4e5f\u80fd\u7d93\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf \u8655\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u5efa\u69cb\u5b8c\u6210\u6642\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u5c31\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u70ba\u77e5 \u8b58\u5eab\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5c07\u8aaa\u660e\u7d44\u6210\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5c6c\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u5c07\u7b26\u865f\u9023\u7d50\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u548c \u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 5.1.1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u8a18\u865f (The First Attribute: Default Mark of Tone Form) \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u517c\u5177\u5169\u7a2e\u8a5e\u985e\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u8a5e\u985e\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u8a5e\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8981\u8b80 \u672c\u8abf\u6216\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u9700\u8996\u524d\u5f8c\u8a5e\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5728\u53e5\u5167\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u7d93\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9032\u884c\u898f \u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u6a19\u8a18\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u8a18\u865f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7be9\u6aa2\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u8abf\u578b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4e26\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u898f \u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u8a18\u865f\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u8868 1\u3002 \u8868 1. \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u865f\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f [Table 1. The list of default mark of tone form] \u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u8a18\u865f \u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b \u9069\u7528\u8a9e\u8a5e \u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f 5.1.3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a18\u865f (The Third Attribute: Mode Mark) \u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u88ab\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba 1\u30012 \u6216 # \u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u9700\u7d93\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u524d\u5f8c\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8a9e \u8a5e\u7121\u6cd5\u7d93\u7531\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u548c\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u5fc5\u9700\u85c9\u8457\u4e00\u7d44\u61c9\u7528\u4e8c\u968e\u53ca\u4e09\u968e\u5e03\u6797\u9a57\u8b49(Boolean verification)\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a18\u865f\u9032\u884c\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u4e8c\u968e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a18\u865f\u6709 a(-01)\u3001b(-11)\u3001c(-00)\u3001d(-10)\u3001 e(10-)\u3001f(11-)\u3001g(00-)\u3001h(01-)\u3002\u4e09\u968e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a18\u865f\u6709 j(000)\u3001k(010)\u3001m(101)\u3001n(111)\u3001p(001)\u3001 q(011)\u3001r(100)\u3001s(110)\u7b49\u3002x \u5247\u7528\u65bc\u4e0d\u9700\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a18\u865f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u300c0\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u300c1\u300d\u4ee3 \u8868\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u300c-\u300d\u7528\u65bc\u4e8c\u968e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u6a19\u8b58\u975e\u76f8\u95dc\u524d\u5f8c\u8a5e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982(-01)\u70ba\u672c\u8a5e\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\uff0c\u5f8c\u8a5e\u8b80 \u8b8a\u8abf\u7684\u4e8c\u968e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002(101)\u70ba\u524d\u8a5e\u53ca\u5f8c\u8a5e\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u672c\u8a5e\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u4e09\u968e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u56e0\u901a\u884c\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u7d04\u5b9a\u6210\u4fd7\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u96fb\u8166\u505a\u908f\u8f2f\u5e38\u898f\u8655\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808 \u5efa\u7acb\u96fb\u8166\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u8a9e\u8a00\u505a\u70ba\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u548c\u69cb\u8a5e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb \u8207\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6620\u5c04(Mapping)\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u8b8a\u8abf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u884c\u8f49\u63db\uff0c \u4e0d\u9700\u518d\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u8655\u7406\u3002 \u4ee5\u7269\u4ef6-\u5c6c\u6027-\u503c(Object-attribute-value)\u4f86\u8868\u5fb5\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6846\u67b6 \u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u8072\u8abf\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u5247\u662f\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u800c \u8ce6\u4e88\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u8a18\u865f\u7684\u300c2\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u503c\u3002\u7269\u4ef6\u548c\u5176\u5c6c\u6027\u9593\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u968e\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb (Hierarchy structure)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u822c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u5c07\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u3001 \u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u7d44\u7b26\u865f\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u9304\u6709\u7b26\u865f\u3001\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u5b57\u4e32\u548c\u4ee5\u6578\u5b57\u6a19\u8abf\u7684\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e \u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u5b57\u4e32\u4e09\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u3002\u6b04\u4f4d\u9593\u4ee5\u9017\u865f\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c2nx,kangte,kang1-te7\u300d\u3002\u7b26\u865f\u6a19\u8a18\u7531 \u7531\u65bc\u90e8\u5206\u898f\u5247\u6703\u8655\u7406\u8a9e\u8a5e\u524d\u5f8c\u8a5e\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63a8\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\uff0c\u6703\u53d7\u5230 \u898f\u5247\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u5df2\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u5f8c\u8a5e\u8abf\u578b\u503c\u3002\u898f\u5247\u591a\u5be1\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u7387 \u8207\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u3002\u898f\u5247\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6240\u9700\u6642\u9593\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u66f4\u986f\u8457\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u6216\u898f\u5247 \u5eab\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u57f7\u884c\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66(Inside test)\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u9867\u6b64\u5931\u5f7c\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002 5.4 \u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u9593\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b \u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u555f\u52d5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef \u5c07\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f85\u99ac\u62fc\u97f3\u6587\u53e5\u548c\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u505a\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u6587\u53e5\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u53e5\u518d\u7d93\u8a9e\u8a5e \u5256\u6790\u5668\u5207\u5272\u70ba\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u5b57\u4e32\u5b58\u5165\u9663\u5217\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u5b57\u4e32\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4(\u8b8a\u6578\u9663\u5217)\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc \u5c6c\u6027\u503c\u4e26\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u8981\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u8abf\u578b\u3002\u53c3\u6578\u53d6\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d \u5916\u63a1\u7528\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u3001\u7531\u7cfb\u7d71\u63a8\u8ad6\u53d6\u503c\u6216\u5f9e\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u88ab\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u547c\u53eb\u6642\uff0c\u5b57\u4e32 \u9663\u5217\u5167\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u5c31\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u63a8\u8ad6\u6a5f\u5236\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406 \u5668\u5404\u500b\u898f\u5247\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u5c0d\u3002\u7576\u898f\u5247\u7684 IF \u90e8\u5206\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u5247 THEN \u90e8\u5206 \u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u898f\u5247\u88ab\u555f\u52d5\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e26\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee \u6a19\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b57\u4e32\u9663\u5217\u6240\u6709\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u63a8\u8ad6\u4f5c\u696d\uff0c \u4e26\u5c07\u76ee\u6a19\u53c3\u6578\u63a8\u8ad6\u503c\u56de\u50b3\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5177 \u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u512a\u5148\u7684\u8d85\u898f\u5247(Metarules)\u53ef\u5f9e\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u5075\u932f\u3001\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6216\u8b8a\u66f4\u76f8\u95dc\u5c6c\u6027\u503c\u3002\u63a8 \u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u8d85\u898f\u5247\u4e5f\u53ef\u7814\u5224\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u5167\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u7528 \u4f86\u4fee\u6b63\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u8655\u7406\u4f8b\u5916\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002 \u5716 2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u898f\u5247\u5eab\u548c\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u3002\u6240\u9700\u8a9e\u6599\u5f9e\u8a5e\u5178\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u6587\u737b\u548c\u7530\u91ce\u8abf\u67e5 0 \u56fa\u5b9a\u8b80\u672c\u8abf \u53ea\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e \u4e0d\u9700\u63a8\u8ad6 1 \u9810\u8a2d\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf \u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e \u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6 2 \u9810\u8a2d\u8b80\u672c\u8abf \u9810\u8a2d\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5982\u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c\u8f15\u8072\u8a5e\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u8a9e \u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6 3 \u56fa\u5b9a\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf \u53ea\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e \u4e0d\u9700\u63a8\u8ad6 # \u672c\u8abf\u6216\u8b8a\u8abf \u53ef\u80fd\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u6216\u8b8a\u8abf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e \u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6 & \u56fa\u5b9a\u8b80\u672c\u8abf \u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6216\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u96c6\u5408 \u4e0d\u9700\u63a8\u8ad6 \u4e09\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u300c2nx\u300d\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u8a2d\u8b80\u672c\u8abf\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u5e03\u6797\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u540d\u8a5e\u7d44\u5408\u8a5e\u3002\u53f0\u95a9 \u8a9e\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u3001\u8907\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u3001\u7247\u8a9e\u3001\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u3002\u5a92\u4ecb\u8a9e\u5247\u662f\u548c\u53f0\u95a9 \u8a9e\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u5167\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8a9e\u6599\u7d93\u904e\u8a5e\u983b\u7d71\u8a08\u3001\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\uff0c\u88ab\u4f9d\u5e8f 5.5 \u8a9e \u610f \u8b58 \u5225 \u3001 \u69cb \u8a5e \u5bb9 \u932f \u8207 \u6a5f \u5668 \u5b78 \u7fd2 (\u8a9e\u610f\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5916\u6b67\u7fa9\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u591a\u7fa9\u9078\u4e00\u3002\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8a9e\u8a5e\u53ef\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u4f8b \u5b58\u653e\u5230\u8207\u5927\u8166\u9577\u7a0b\u8a18\u61b6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u500b\u5225\u8b8a\u6578\u9663\u5217\uff0c\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u6642\u53d6\u7528\u3002 \u5982\u300cgah 32 \u300d\u7684\u524d\u8a5e\u90fd\u8b80\u8b8a\u8abf\u3002\u540c\u97f3\u7570\u7fa9\u8a5e\u5982\u300cti 33 \u300d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u517c\u6709\u540d\u8a5e(\u7bb8)\u548c\u4ecb\u8a5e(\u5728) \u8cc7\u6599\u9304\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u6578\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u97f3\u7bc0\u6578\u8f03\u591a\u8005\u512a\u5148\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u9304\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c \u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8a5e\u985e\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u7528\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5340\u5225\u8a5e\u985e\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u540c\u5f62\u7570\u97f3\u7570\u7fa9\u7684 \u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u9817\u70ba\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u7d71\u8a08\u5e38\u7528\u8a9e\u6599\u7684\u8a5e\u983b\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5169\u8005\u9593\u4e26\u975e\u552f\u4e00 \u8a5e\u7d44\u6216\u7247\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300ce 23 e 23 \u300d\u6709\u300c\u7684\u978b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u978b\u7684\u300d\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u548c\u8a9e\u7fa9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u5099\u4fee \u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u69cb\u8a5e\u5c1a\u672a\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\uff0c\u97f3\u7bc0\u9023\u5beb\u6216\u5206\u5beb\u898f\u5247\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u641c\u5c0b\u6f14 \u6539\u898f\u5247\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u5728\u6e2c\u8a66\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7247\u8a9e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c \u7b97\u6cd5\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u69cb\u8a5e\u5bb9\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f97\u4ee5\u9806\u66a2\u904b\u4f5c\u3002 \u5236\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u7814\u5224\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f86\u9078\u64c7\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9a\u8abf\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u4f8b\u53e5\u662f\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256 \u5f9e\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u64f7\u53d6\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u3002\u5716 2 \u662f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u5167\uff0c\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7d71 \u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u69cb\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf\u898f\u5247\u5eab\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u64ce\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u88ab \u7528\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\u53e5\u5167\u6bcf\u500b\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684\u8abf\u578b\u503c\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u905e\u8ff4\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u64f7 \u53d6\u7684\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u6216\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u524d\u8a5e\u4e5f\u80fd\u7d93\u7531\u905e\u8ff4\u6a5f\u5236\u56de\u994b\u81f3\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u3002 5.1.2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e\u8a18\u865f (The Second Attribute: Default POS Mark) \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u8a5e\uff0c\u5176\u7d44\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u8207\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u69cb\u8a5e\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u9023\u3002\u7d44\u5408\u8a5e\u7d93\u7531\u8b8a\u8abf\u5c0e\u81f4\u8072 \u8abf\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a9e\u8005\u548c\u807d\u8005\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4f86\u5340\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u6216\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7d44\u5408\u8a5e\u4e5f\u8b93 d(\u526f\u8a5e)\u3001x(\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e)\u3001p(\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e)\u3001u(\u91cf\u8a5e)\u3001s(\u8a9e\u5c3e\u8a5e)\u3001e(\u65b9\u4f4d\u8a5e)\u3001g \u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u5340\u6bb5\u9032\u884c\u9664\u932f\u3001\u5e03\u6797\u9a57\u8b49\u6216\u7d42\u7d50\u63a8\u8ad6\u7b49\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a31\u70ba\u6b63\u5411\u9023\u7d50(Forward \u6027\u3002\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e\u6709 n(\u540d\u8a5e/\u6578\u8a5e)\u3001v(\u52d5\u8a5e)\u3001a(\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e)\u3001c(\u9023\u63a5\u8a5e)\u3001m(\u4ecb\u8a5e)\u3001 \u5982\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u518d\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8a9e\u8a5e\uff0c\u5247\u8f49\u5f80\u4e0b\u4e00\u5340\u6bb5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5247\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u7562\u5f8c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3 \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a5e\u985e\u6a19\u8a18\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8f03\u70ba\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u8a5e\u985e(DPOS)\u505a\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c6c \u6790\u5668\u7528\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u521d\u968e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd(Weak AI)\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002(1)\u4ee3\u8868\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c(2)\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8abf\u3002 5.3 \u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u4ee5\u8a9e\u8a5e\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5c6c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u898f\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u9810\u884c\u5206\u985e\u4e26\u4e88\u512a \u5148\u5b9a\u5e8f\u3002\u5206\u985e\u6642\u4f9d\u64da\u76f8\u95dc\u8a5e\u985e\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u6578\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u6bb5(section) \u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u5148\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5340\u6bb5\u958b\u59cb\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c (13) Tsit 32 siang</td></tr></table>" | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF2": { | |
| "text": "", | |
| "num": null, | |
| "html": null, | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66 \u7531\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u53e5\u5167\u9700\u8981\u7528\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6240\u4f54\u6bd4\u7387\u8f03\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u7ae0\u70ba\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66 \u8a18\u548c\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u5c0d\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u8207\u9810\u671f\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b \u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\uff1a\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u53e5\u90fd\u986f\u793a\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19\u8a18\u6bd4\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u5c0d\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba \u8868 2\u6a94\u6848 \u7de8\u865f \u6b63\u78ba\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6578 (A) \u8a9e\u8a5e\u7e3d (B) \u6b63\u78ba\u7387 (A/B) \u6b63\u78ba\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6578 (C) \u8a9e\u8a5e\u7e3d\u6578 (D) \u7387\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u5c31\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9577\u7a0b\u8a18\u61b6\u5167\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 \u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 \u77ed\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u898f\u5247\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e7c\u5152\u5728\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b78\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u97fb (C/D) \u5f8b\u8a0a\u606f\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u754c\u5b9a\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u7b26\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">1 6. \u7d50\u8ad6(Conclusion) 396</td><td>430</td><td>92.09 %</td><td>343</td><td>430</td><td>79.77 %</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200</td><td>224</td><td>89.29 %</td><td>157</td><td>224</td><td>70.09 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u4f86\u7fd2\u5f97\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5408\u7406</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">3 \u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u7576\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u77e5\u8b58\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5728\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u6a5f\u5236 307 347 88.47 % 254 347 73.20 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">4 \u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u69cb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5e73\u81fa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b 546 603 90.55 % 454 603 75.29 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u95dc\u65bc\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u7684\u8ad6 \u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u5c07\u8a9e\u8a00\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb 5 201 219 91.78 % 153 219 69.86 % \u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u8b8a\u8abf\u8655\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5c07\u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u8a9e\u97f3\u8f38\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71\u9023\u7d50\u4e26\u5b8c\u6210\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u8ff0\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u5efa\u69cb\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u5efa 6 98 105 93.33 % 68 105 64.76 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6216\u898f\u5247\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u9664\u932f\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a0b \u5e8f\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5256\u6790\u5668\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u7387\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u5305\u62ec\u5341\u7bc7\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e94\u7bc7 7 1006 1088 92.46 % 869 1088 \u7acb\u8b8a\u8abf\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5148\u524d\u8a8d\u70ba\u82e5\u80fd\u5c07\u53e5\u5167\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u5b9a\u8abf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c07\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u5f9e\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e 79.87 % \u8a9e\u53e5\u5207\u5272\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u5f97\u4ee5\u5be6\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u898b\u8b49\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u985e\u63a2\u7d22\u8a9e\u8a00</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u7279\u5b9a\u8a9e\u8a5e\u548c\u898f\u5247\u7684\u6587\u53e5\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66(Outside test)\u8a9e\u6599\u4f86\u81ea\u96a8\u6a5f\u64f7\u53d6\u7684\u570b\u5c0f\u53f0\u95a9\u8a9e 8 607 669 90.73 % 508 669 75.93 % \u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4f86\u77ad\u89e3\u8a9e\u8a00\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5448\u73fe\u8072\u8abf\u7ba1\u8f44\u5047\u8aaa\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5617\u8a66\u4ee5\u6709</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u8ab2\u672c\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\u53e5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8a9e\u97f3\u5224\u5b9a\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53d7\u6e2c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8a9e\u8a5e\u4e5f\u52a0\u8a3b\u63a8\u8ad6\u8abf\u578b\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u8b8a\u8abf 9 178 203 87.68 % 153 203 75.37 % \u9650\u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u548c\u898f\u5247\u8655\u7406\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6587\u53e5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u8207\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u500b\u8072\u8abf</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u7fa4\u5256\u6790\u5668\u9084\u4e0d\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u81ea\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7fa9\u548c\u90e8\u4efd\u8a9e\u53e5\u7684\u5b9a\u8abf\u554f\u984c\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u82e5\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u76e3\u7763\u5f0f\u5b78\u7fd2 \u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u70ba 98.5%\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u70ba 94%\u3002 \u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u505a\u70ba\u521d\u6b21\u56de\u994b\u8a66\u6750\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u3002\u7576\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66 10 613 654 93.73 % 487 654 74.46 % (Supervised learning)\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u53ca\u8072\u8abf\u7fa4\u524d\u8a5e\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u56de\u994b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u8b8a\u8abf</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1 98.5%\u6216\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u958b\u59cb\u6536\u6582\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u9032\u884c\u5169\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\u529f\u80fd\u8a66\u9a57\u3002 \u52a0\u7e3d 4152 4542 91.41 % 3446 4542 75.87 % \u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c07\u4f86\u6216\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u667a\u6167\u578b\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u8f38\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u53ea\u7528\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7528\u77e5\u8b58\u5eab\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u55ae\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6a19\u8b8a\u8abf\uff0c\u8907\u97f3\u7bc0\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6a19\u672c\u8abf\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u5169\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u7528\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u8ca2\u737b\u7387 \u548c\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19\u8a18\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u5169\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u6599\u3002 \u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u8ca2\u737b\u7387 = \u5167\u90e8\u6e2c\u8a66\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 -\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66 \u8868 3\u6a94\u6848 \u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b(References)</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">\u7de8\u865f \u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19\u8a18\u8ca2\u737b\u7387 = \u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 -\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 \u6b63\u78ba\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6578 \u8a9e\u8a5e\u7e3d\u6578 \u6b63\u78ba\u7387 \u6b63\u78ba\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6578 \u8a9e\u8a5e\u7e3d\u6578 (A) (B) (A/B) (C) (D)</td><td>\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 (C/D)</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u70ba 91.41%\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u70ba 11 411 489 84.05 % 263 489 53.78 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">75.87%\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6\u5c0d\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u6709 7.09%\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19 12 663 773 85.77 % 463 773 59.90 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u8a18\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b 15.54%\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u64da\u5217\u65bc\u8868 2\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u53e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387 \u70ba 86.33%\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u70ba 60.35%\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u898f\u5247\u63a8\u8ad6 13 606 667 90.85 % 413 667 61.92 %</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u5c0d\u8b8a\u8abf\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u6709 12.17%\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u7b26\u865f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a19\u8a18\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b 25.98%\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u64da\u5217 14 456 556 82.01 % 336 556 60.43 %</td></tr><tr><td>\u65bc\u8868 3\u3002 15</td><td>675</td><td>771</td><td>87.55 %</td><td>490</td><td>771</td><td>63.55 %</td></tr><tr><td>\u52a0\u7e3d</td><td>2811</td><td>3256</td><td>86.33 %</td><td>1965</td><td>3256</td><td>60.35 %</td></tr></table>" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |