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| { | |
| "text": "Welcome to IWCS 2015. IWCS is about all computational aspects of natural language semantics, and in this year's meeting we have a good representative subset thereof. This is reflected in the thematic structure of the sessions. On the one side, we have a range of papers on the statistical approaches to language: lexical, probabilistic, and distributional semantics (8 papers in total); on the other side, there are the formal logical and grammatical models of meaning (5 papers in total); we also have a number discussing the dynamic and incremental aspects of meaning in discourse and dialogue (9 papers in total). The short paper selection extends these topics in many different interesting directions, from quantifiers and compounds to multilinguality, crowdsourcing, and the combination of natural language with other modalities such as image and sound.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Our three keynote speakers also embody the range of approaches in today's natural language semantics world: Prof. Bengio's work shows how statistical models can become deeply embedded, with layers of meaning learnt by neural nets; Prof. Copestake shows the state of the art on compositionality in generative logical models and their corresponding automated tools; and last but not least, Prof. Barzilay's work shows how the meaning of language can be grounded in and learnt from tasks in order to control computer programs and guide intelligent software.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "In total we accepted 22 long papers (36% of the submissions received) and 12 short papers (72%). The long papers will be presented in eight thematic sessions across the three days, with each day starting with a keynote talk. Along the way, we will also have poster session for the short papers, with each introduced by a lightning talk beforehand. We also have an afternoon for an open space (or \"unconference\") event, to allow anyone to propose and discuss topics that interest them. We enjoyed this approach at IWCS 2013 and hope you find it equally stimulating this time.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Before the conference, we have five workshops on various aspects of computational semantics: annotation, modality, ontologies, dialogue, and distributional semantics. This year, we also have a Hackathon preceding the main meeting and its workshops. This is a two day event, sponsored by a mix of academia and industry, where programmers from both venues gather to tackle three main tasks, also representative of the topics covered by the main meeting.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "On the social side, we have a reception at Queen Mary's own Italian restaurant (Mucci's) at the end of the first day, and a dinner on a river boat cruising the Thames at the end of the second day. We hope you enjoy the conference! Semantics of Language Grounding Abstract: In this talk, I will address the problem of natural language grounding. We assume access to natural language documents that specify the desired behaviour of a control application. Our goal is to generate a program that will perform the task based on this description. The programs involve everything from changing the privacy settings on your browser, playing computer games, performing complex text processing tasks, to even solving math problems. Learning to perform tasks like these is complicated because the space of possible programs is very large, and the connections between the natural language and the resulting programs can be complex and ambiguous. I will present methods that utilize semantics of the target domain to reduce natural language ambiguity. On the most basic level, executing the induced programs in the corresponding environment and observing their effects can be used to verify the validity of the mapping from language to programs. We leverage this validation process as the main source of supervision to guide learning in settings where standard supervised techniques are not applicable. Beyond validation feedback, we demonstrate that using semantic inference in the target domain (e.g., program equivalence) can further improve the accuracy of natural language understanding.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Deep Learning of Semantic Representations Abstract: The core ingredient of deep learning is the notion of distributed representation. This talk will start by explaining its theoretical advantages, in comparison with non-parametric methods based on counting frequencies of occurrence of observed tuples of values (like with n-grams). The talk will then explain how having multiple levels of representation, i.e., depth, can in principle give another exponential advantage. Neural language models have been extremely successful in recent years but extending their reach from language modelling to machine translation is very appealing because it forces the learned intermediate representations to capture meaning, and we found that the resulting word embeddings are qualitatively different. Recently, we introduced the notion of attention-based neural machine translation, with impressive results on several language pairs, and these results will conclude the talk.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Yoshua Bengio, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Ann Copestake, University of Cambridge:", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Yoshua Bengio, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Is There Any Logic in Logical Forms?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Yoshua Bengio, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Abstract: Formalising the notion of compositionality in a way that makes it meaningful is notoriously complicated. The usual way of formally describing compositional semantics is via a version of Montague Grammar but, in many ways, MG and its successors are inconsistent with the way semantics is used in computational linguistics. As computational linguists we are rarely interested in model-theory or truth-conditions. Our assumptions about word meaning, and distributional models in particular, are very different from the MG idealisation. However, computational grammars have been constructed which produce empirically useful forms of compositional representation and are much broader in coverage than any grammar fragments from the linguistics literature. The methodology which underlies this work is predominantly syntax-driven (e.g., CCG, LFG and HPSG), but the goal has been to abstract away from the language-dependent details of syntax. The question, then, is whether this is 'just engineering' or whether there is some theoretical basis which is more consistent with CL than the broadly Montogovian approach. In this talk, I will start by outlining some of the work on compositional semantics with large-scale computational grammars and vi in particular work using Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) in DELPH-IN. There are grammar fragments for which MRS can be converted into a logical form with a model-theoretic interpretation but I will argue that attempting to use model theory to justify the MRS structures in general is inconsistent with the goals of grammar engineering. I will outline some alternative approaches to integrating distributional semantics with this framework and show that this also causes theoretical difficulties. In both cases, we could consider inferentialism as an alternative theoretical grounding whereby classical logical properties are treated as secondary rather than primary. In this view, it is important that our approaches to compositional and lexical semantics are consistent with uses of language in logical reasoning, but it is not necessary to try and reduce all aspects of semantics to logic.", | |
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| "section": "Yoshua Bengio, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "vii", | |
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| "section": "Yoshua Bengio, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al:", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
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| "raw_text": "Exploiting Fine-grained Syntactic Transfer Features to Predict the Compositionality of German Particle Verbs Stefan Bott and Sabine Schulte im Walde Multilingual Reliability and \"Semantic\" Structure of Continuous Word Spaces Maximilian K\u00f6per, Christian Scheible and Sabine Schulte im Walde Clarifying Intentions in Dialogue: A Corpus Study Julian J. Schl\u00f6der and Raquel Fernandez From distributional semantics to feature norms: grounding semantic models in hu- man perceptual data Luana Fagarasan, Eva Maria Vecchi and Stephen Clark Obtaining a Better Understanding of Distributional Models of German Derivational Morphology Max Kisselew, Sebastian Pad\u00f3, Alexis Palmer and Jan \u0160najder Semantic Complexity of Quantifiers and Their Distribution in Corpora Jakub Szymanik and Camilo Thorne Sound-based distributional models Alessandro Lopopolo and Emiel van Miltenburg Alignment of Eye Movements and Spoken Language for Semantic Image Under- standing Preethi Vaidyanathan, Emily Prud'hommeaux, Cecilia O. Alm, Jeff B. Pelz and Anne R. Haake From a Distance: Using Cross-lingual Word Alignments for Noun Compound Bracketing Patrick Ziering and Lonneke van der Plas Unsupervised Learning of Coherent and General Semantic Classes for Entity Ag- gregates Henry Anaya-S\u00e1nchez and Anselmo Pe\u00f1as Crowdsourced Word Sense Annotations and Difficult Words and Examples Oier Lopez de Lacalle and Eneko Agirre Curse or Boon? Presence of Subjunctive Mood in Opinionated Text Sapna Negi and Paul Buitelaar xii Wednesday 15th (continued) 15:30-16:00 Coffee 16:00-17:00 Discourse and Generation 16:00-16:30 Hierarchical Statistical Semantic Realization for Minimal Recursion Semantics Matic Horvat, Ann Copestake and Bill Byrne 16:30-17:00 Uniform Surprisal at the Level of Discourse Relations: Negation Markers and Dis- course Connective Omission Fatemeh Torabi Asr and Vera Demberg 17:00-18:00 Probabilistic Semantics 17:00-17:30 Efficiency in Ambiguity: Two Models of Probabilistic Semantics for Natural Lan- guage Daoud Clarke and Bill Keller 17:30-18:00 On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Probabilistic Logic Semantics Islam Beltagy and Katrin Erk Thursday 16th 09:30-10:30 Invited Talk 2: Deep Learning of Semantic Representations Yoshua Bengio 10:30-11:00 Coffee xiii Thursday 16th (continued) 11:00-12:30 Distributional Methods 11:00-11:30 Mr Darcy and Mr Toad, gentlemen: distributional names and their kinds Aur\u00e9lie Herbelot 11:30-12:00 Feeling is Understanding: From Affective to Semantic Spaces Elias Iosif and Alexandros Potamianos 12:00-12:30 Automatic Noun Compound Interpretation using Deep Neural Networks and Word Embeddings Corina Dima and Erhard Hinrichs 12:30-13:30 Lunch 13:30-15:00 Reference and Incrementality 13:30-14:00 Integrating Non-Linguistic Events into Discourse Structure Julie Hunter, Nicholas Asher and Alex Lascarides 14:00-14:30 A Discriminative Model for Perceptually-Grounded Incremental Reference Resolu- tion Casey Kennington, Livia Dia and David Schlangen 14:30-15:00 Incremental Semantics for Dialogue Processing: Requirements, and a Comparison of Two Approaches Julian Hough, Casey Kennington, David Schlangen and Jonathan Ginzburg 15:00-15:30 Coffee 15:30-18:00 Open Space Event xiv Friday 17th 09:30-10:30 Invited Talk 3: Is There Any Logic in Logical Forms? Ann Copestake 10:30-11:00 Coffee 11:00-12:30 Parsing and Grammars 11:00-11:30 Semantic Dependency Graph Parsing Using Tree Approximations \u017deljko Agi\u0107, Alexander Koller and Stephan Oepen 11:30-12:00 Semantic construction with graph grammars Alexander Koller 12:00-12:30 Layers of Interpretation: On Grammar and Compositionality Emily M. Bender, Dan Flickinger, Stephan Oepen, Woodley Packard and Ann Copestake 12:30-13:30 Lunch 13:30-15:00 Dialogue and Pragmatics 13:30-14:00 Pragmatic Rejection Julian J. Schl\u00f6der and Raquel Fernandez 14:00-14:30 Feedback in Conversation as Incremental Semantic Update Arash Eshghi, Christine Howes, Eleni Gregoromichelaki, Julian Hough and Matthew Purver 14:30-15:00 Dynamics of Public Commitments in Dialogue Antoine Venant and Nicholas Asher 15:00-15:30 Coffee xv Friday 17th (continued) 15:30-16:30 Logic and Complexity 15:30-16:00 Simple Interval Temporal Logic for Natural Language Assertion Descriptions Reyadh Alluhaibi 16:00-16:30 How hard is this query? Measuring the Semantic Complexity of Schema-agnostic Queries Andre Freitas, Juliano Efson Sales, Siegfried Handschuh and Edward Curry xvi", | |
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| "text": "Matthew Purver, Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh and Matthew Stone iii Invited Speakers Regina Barzilay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology:", | |
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