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"content": "<table><tr><td>-302 --303 --304 --305 --306 --307 -</td><td/></tr><tr><td>glossaries that are the We have at our disposal a PC with a hard disk (IBM compatible), general services also provide a wealth of special language disregarded in this c o n t e x t ) -article (April 20, 1907). The topic of the article was the type collocations, use of adverbs and of prepositions, often a tricky It seems, however, that the term and text bases should remain</td><td/></tr><tr><td>result of t erminologists. the t ermino1o g i c a 1 explanations that give co-operation In other principles the a 1200 baud modem and main frame capacity at between subject words, the glossaries specialists adhere and contain definitions user an idea of the conceptual and to and the university computing centre. To access the term bank we do not use the normal telephone lines but the universities' data transfer network FUNET which we access through the university's mainframe Alternative approaches might be worth thinking of and we are therefore'going to ask what kind of benefits could be derived information useful for translators, on an international or national basis (e.g. the data banks accessible through Easynet, the Videotex services in Finland, France's Teletel etc.) So, what oould a central term bank's answer be to the changing If, however, the context were different, a particular technical field and the text run The term bank function is naturally a basic one. A bank, regularly revised and updated, is an indispensable tool in ail special field communication. With this basic function under control, 'it is, however, possible to build some variety into it. of associative knowledge literate Americans should have at high school level. What they were supposed to know about Planck's constant, according to the quiz, was that it is a quantum theory cornerstane. In other words, the associative knowledge required business at least for Finns, ideas of word order, sentence structure and textual patterns. (See e.g. Picht, forthcoming). If the texts included in the base represented a wide range of text type^ with varying degrees of LSP-ness it would be possible separate but mutually compatible, e.gA clearing house of the type sketched above would naturally</td><td/></tr><tr><td>systems behind the terms. DEC20. In the analysis it may from a multi-channel access system. also concept of special field translator or communication work? become necessary to use the -The headbox has been greatly simplified, with no internal is not very deep, on the contrary, rather superficial but enough to make sophisticated comparisons of term depth, strictness of involve an immense amount of work. On the other hand, there is</td><td/></tr><tr><td>Tepa2 is based on subject university's IBM mainframe specialist to run Even a human answering service might work certain prove but the methodology textual analysis useful. An Before speculating on answers we can look at the question from showers, fewer rotating parts (i.e. removal of rectifier rolls It has already been pointed out that multiple formats of to keep the reader on the right track. And this is the type of term use, term density (use of fillers to control the rate of no reason why it should be done on a small scale. Co-operation</td><td/></tr><tr><td>varies and the terms often lack definitions. programs. These technical aspects mean that the time taken to experienced intermediary could deal with questions coming in the customer's point of view. and their d r i v e ) .... the information would make the utilization of the data very knowledge a translator could also benefit from in a special information flow), proportions of covert and overt information, between LSP data bases is necessary,as is exchange of material</td><td/></tr><tr><td>The glossaries included cover such areas learn the various tricks of the computer as welding, foundries, trade is not either electronically, by telephone or by post depending on The sheet is essentially formed and drained at the suction flexible. field context-The background information need not always be grammatical features, etc. (cf-Varantola, forthcoming). and the use of other data bases compiled for other than LSP</td><td/></tr><tr><td>process automation, inconsiderable. Enough time must clothing, customer needs, equipment and attitudes. road and be allocated transport for learning to and forest The LSP t r a n s l a t o r . breast roll, and the deflectors under the wire serve simply as From the point of view of compr e h e n s i o n , it is the definition thorough and detailed. A few helpful hints will do the job in Information of this type would add to the translator's intuition term-or textbank purposes. General services of the French</td><td/></tr><tr><td>e c o n o m i c s . use the equipment Other questions that will be asked are: and utilize its The m a m problems tor a non~specia 1ist LSP translator can be potential. This is a suppor t . -and explanation parts in term records that are particularly many cases when in doubt about the correct alternative or of style and successful LSP communication. And, this kind of leletel type and others mentioned above, could prove selectively</td><td/></tr><tr><td>Of the future planned relatively new phenomenon within the data bases, Would it make the bank more flexible if TEPA3 will consist of brand humanities but very much a it were accessible in a summarized as problem finding and problem solving, in the useful for tr'anslators. The definitions delimit the range of the i nterpretation. \"acquired\" intuition is essential in any type of textual v a 1ua b 1e .</td><td/></tr><tr><td>new term records not yet fact of life that should be available seen number of computers in Finland ,e.g., at universities other than in printed glossaries and as necessary methodological training we can do our best to increase the future translator s our associations would be very meagre and mainly based on concepts,i .e . exercise the normative power of terminologies by Another question is, how the hints should be offered; as small-modification task. It IS also clear that although 1 have taken a narrow LSP</td><td/></tr><tr><td>TEPA4 of various types of information training also in language and communication studies. that has been handed over the university of technology in Helsinki? awareness of the hidden problems of LSP texts. For example, we whatever textual cues we would obtain, unless we were experts on trying to control the indeterminacy of meaning which is such a scale \"cue\" entries in a term bank or large scale encyclopaedic To speculate on the nature of the texts, it would seem sensible translator's view, other groups of users, subject specialists</td><td/></tr><tr><td>to TSK. Should can emphasize the rules the customers be paper machines. basic guality of entries on a compact disk or a text bank? (See ,however, Svens^n able to buy parts that they need of ex pert-to-expert communication, the general language (cf. de Beaugrande, to include the texts from which the terms have been excerpted, naturally, but also industry in general, professional training,</td><td/></tr><tr><td>In other words, due to pressure from the user end, various types The aim of the project is to study the usefulness and future frequently on diskettes? Could an updating service be combined demands of certain strictly controlled text types such as What I am driving at is that the problem-solving stage within a forthcoming). The explanations, commentary parts (which could be 1987:157 ff. who does not think that encyclopaedic dictionaries but other, up-to-date texts would be welcome, too. A central LSP LSP research, etc. would benefit from a multifaceted system and</td><td/></tr><tr><td>of information are being potential of the bank from a special field translator's point of made available but it is ultimately with the diskette service? Should parts of the information also contracts and patents, the demands of manuals, instructions, special field is where a central term bank can play its part and far more elaborate) also give very valuable information about are very u s e f u l .) databank could certainly benefit from the knowledge of could also contribute to it.</td><td/></tr><tr><td>left to the users to assess the reliability of V 1 e w . be available in portable form or in a form text books, pop u 1arizations etc., in other words, of the information that could be various help a translator to build up the conceptual framework of the the conceptual framework for the uninitiated. They relate the Yet, the advent of CD ROM encyclopaedias and dictionaries, etc. individual translators who, over the years, have collected In this article I have tried to bring up ideas that we hope to</td><td/></tr><tr><td>they obtain. The users' task is, however, made easier by We intend to study the bank from a theoretical structural angle having transferred into a portable electronic dictionary or handbook? types of special language communication situations (Cf. field, to cope with the associations, the information hidden in concept to other closely related concepts, warn of does not do away with the need of more \"controlled\" text bases valuable private term and text files that could be made more study empirically during our small-scale project. It is an</td><td/></tr><tr><td>a -analyse the instructions given to users, we 11-organ 1 zed bank, by using different assess data Many advantages are obvious in a multi-faceted bases the concrete with service Varantola 1986 and Varantola, forthcoming). the covert inferences. (Cf. ARK 36, 1907 where the structure and misconceptions or misleading usage, or discrepancies between the in special fields. generally available through the bank. If there is no way of advantage that we have a chance of this hands-on approach at</td><td/></tr><tr><td>varying reliability estimates. The bank is also value of the various record types and use case-studies, interactive and i.e. distributing terminology and special field text data. Future t*Je can also make the students aware of their lack of contents of a multi-purpose and multi-language legal database is conceptual systems in different languages. This type of We can imagine that the need for terminological, i.e., lexical checking and guaranteeing the reliability of a private or a this stage when the bank is still small and easier to</td><td/></tr><tr><td>users can send their comments to TSK, through the think in terms of hypothetical translations from Finnish into a mail box of translators will rely more and more on electronic data that is e x t r a 1inquist1 C, encyclopaedic knowledge in a special field by discussed in detail.) information builds up the insufficient e x t r a 1inguistic knowledge information and certain types of e x t r a 1inguistic knowledge could company collection, it should still be made available with the</td><td/></tr><tr><td>the b a n k . foreign language within a field present in the bank. directly accessible during the translation process drawing parallels from general knowledge inference We must also keep in mind that we are mainly which IS most frustrating for the translator and a major source by means of patterns and thinking of be catered for by the expanding term bank, a bank that is in a necessary reservations, because top quality terminology work is</td><td/></tr><tr><td>To summarize, it could be said that the bank is not ideal but it The software we intend to use consists, naturally, of the search refined search routines. associations. We can, for example, ask what kind of translators who most of the time translate into a foreign of m i s t r a n s 1 a t i o n s . constant process of updating and revision -but what would take extremely time-consuming. I do not think there is any need to</td><td/></tr><tr><td>is good enough to be useful. If we routine of the term bank, the TRIP program, think A translator's work station will have (at of but the least) slowness and also of text desktop associations, public and private, we automatically obtain from language and not into their native language. It is a fact of Another way of building up e x t r a 1inguistic knowledge in a care of the phraseological, syntactic and textual needs of the hold back information if its expected status is clearly</td><td/></tr><tr><td>In addition to high quality terminology work and of user needs on the and concordance programs available for PCs and the publishing facilities, consist of a powerful costs of analysis PC and a CD ROM pieces of information. life that can hardly be changed in the case of small languages dictionary context is to give special field background tr a n s 1 ator? indicated.</td><td/></tr><tr><td>normal other hand, some kind of compromise must be found. It seems very telephone lines, it is, however, also possible to use mainframes. With the content-analysis programs we hope to find drive, with word processing, electronic glossaries, If we start a Finnish short story by saying and which adds to the types of textual information that would be information in the same fashion as is done in such general It is obvious that filling in all kinds of standard text In other words, quality is the key concept but the need for</td><td/></tr><tr><td>various sensible to make public a data transfer networks well-sorted small bank that still has that make the telephone bill out about the lexical and textual structure of the records in dictionaries, e n c 1y c 1opaedic information etc. helpful in special language translation. dictionaries as Collins English Dictionary: formulas, e.g., in contracts, patents, specifications, quantity and versatility is the pragmatic demand that has to be</td><td/></tr><tr><td>considerably the flexibility of reacting to user smaller. I shall return to ideas of comments and the bank and of other special field texts that we use as back-up decentral changing the Context-oriented approaches such as REFTEX, based on syntactic -It was January, smoke from the chimneys rose straight up instructions, etc. will be fast and routine if they can be found satisfied. And, there seems to be little reason why the two</td><td/></tr><tr><td>isation later. approach if necessary. material. and textual information towards the clear sky, the children's hour was about to begin. I available in bilingual parallel texts A m u l t i -c h a n n e l , m u lt i-b a s e d ata bank Planck constant or Planck's constant n. a fundamental constant in a database.In addition, translators would also benefit from a seemingly opposite demands could not be combined. Basic research</td><td/></tr><tr><td>The bank is now going through its will certainly prove very helpful introductory tools (cf. phases Kjaersgaard, and the decided to have a swim ...-, What kind of term bank, or should we say LSP data bank egual to the energy of any guantum of radiation divided by its wide selection of controlled text types and sample texts, that into text selection and ideal term record structure is</td><td/></tr><tr><td>number of users is still relatively low but increasing fast. The p r o je ct-P r o b le m -s e t t in g . f o r t h c o m i n g ). information, would be most useful? What is n\u00f6t there that should frequency. It has a value of 6.6262 x 10 joule seconds. Symbol could be searched with sophisticated programs. In this way, essential. New findings will in due course be applied in</td><td/></tr><tr><td>The bank consists of three data bases, TSK is research-oriented and keen Accessing. What are the optimal ways of accessing a term bank? Tepal, Tepa2 and Vniiki on co-operation with The worst bottleneck for individual, tailor-made data our public associations tell us that it was cold; also, at least be there? How important is the guality vs. guantity distinction? :h. See also Dirac constant. translators would have at their disposal, in electronic form, practice but, at the same time, an existing bank has to react to</td><td/></tr><tr><td>which is a 1600 record sample of university institutions. It was It is certainly a very good thing that TSK a Soviet data base consisting thus agreed that we at the has decided to open collections will be overcome when a reasonably priced scanner if you are a parent of relatively small children, that it was There is also an entry for Max Planck: parallel texts that they now mostly have to find manually (cf. customer demands. If the bank is w e l 1-structured with clearly</td><td/></tr><tr><td>of GQST standards. The cyrillic alphabet has been transcribed in School of Translation Studies, University of Turku, should make the term bank to the public with direct access and without becomes good enough for reading in textual data from sources about six o'clock p.m. and therefore dark; the television The central term bank could have, within its field of operation, Planck Max (Karl Ernst Ludwig). 1858-1947, German physicist who however Kjarsgaard, forthcoming and the REFTEX system). Finding differentiated data banks and not a Christmas pudding type</td><td/></tr><tr><td>all data bases. The bank an analysis of the term in termediaries. Its location has bank typeset in various ways. channel in question was number two; the swim now (December 1987) around 12 000 as seminar work and from the in Helsinki, however, poses a would have to take the overall function of a clearing house. In this capacity it first formulated the quantum theory (1900): Nobel price for suitap-le parallel texts tends to take a great deal of time and mixture, it should be possible to maintain it in a constant</td><td/></tr><tr><td>records but the numbers will double in the near future. special field translator's angle. The preliminary work, getting problem for outside users. Telephone costs may become high in Various structured special field text corpora will also be place indoors. would control the information flow, the information it collects, physics 1918. when they are found the search procedures are not very stage of revision and development. Up-to-dateness and</td><td/></tr><tr><td>Tepal consists of a glossary on acquainted with the technical aspects fire the long run if you want to do thorough searches or become bank-prevention and a glossary and defining the aims of available in PC format for a number of referential purposes.(c f . The private associations might include wondering whether the receives or knows about, and distribute it in various electronic This particular example was chosen because it was among the sophisticated. With automatic search it would be possible to flexibility are after all the basic advantages of an electronic,</td><td/></tr><tr><td>on labour protection. It has the highest quality the project has begun. addicted. This is obviously not a problem for e.g. Brekke, forthcoming). Commercial data person involved has a private swimming pool rating big users of the but banks and free and if so ways suggested above. (Copyright and resource issues are simply items in a quiz that was published as part of a Newsweek find differnt types of information, verb-*-noun, ad j ec 1 1 ve-^noun data b a n k .</td><td/></tr><tr><td>Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987 Proceedings of NODALIDA 1987</td><td>302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309</td></tr></table>", |
