| { | |
| "paper_id": "W99-0300", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T05:09:35.478881Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "", | |
| "pdf_parse": { | |
| "paper_id": "W99-0300", | |
| "_pdf_hash": "", | |
| "abstract": [], | |
| "body_text": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "Discourse tagging assigns labels from a tag set to discourse units in texts or dialogues. The discourse units range from words or referring expressions to multi-utterance units identified by criteria such as speaker intention or initiative. The motivation for corpora of tagged discourse is the hope that such corpora will lead to major advances in the area of discourse processing similar to the advances in sentence-level language processing that followed the emergence of syntactically annotated corpora. This qill require widely available, large corpora, tagged for multiple phenomena. The goal of this workshop is to contribute to the development of and awareness of useful tools and standard tag sets for tagging discourse phenomena.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "While researchers have always labelled and categorized discourse phenomena, there has recently been a large increase in work on discourse tagging. The Discourse Resource Initiative (DRI) was started at a workshop on Discourse Tagging held at the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania in March of 1996. See http://www.cis.upenn.edu:80/ircs/discoursetagging/multiparty.html. Since the first workshop, DRI participants have organized yearly international workshops on the'standardization of discourse tagging schemes for dialogue acts, coreference, and higher level discourse structures (ht tp://www.georgetown.edu/luperfoy/Discourse-Treebank/workshops.html). A related effort is the MATE project (http://mate.mip.ou.dk/), co-funded by the European Union, whose aim is to develop tools and standards for tagging spoken dialogue corpora at different levels, including the discourse level. There is also a related effort in Japan (http://www.slp.cs.ritsumei.ac.jp/dtag/).", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Even with these three initiatives in place, there is still much work to be done before there are widely accepted (standardized) tagging schemes for various discourse phenomena that could be shared across sites. We hope that this workshop will contribute directly towards the goal of having public, shared corpora, tagged for discourse phenomena, that discourse researchers can use to advance the field of discourse processing. We hope to discuss the following issues at the workshop:", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "How can standardization for discourse tagging be achieved? Is it possible to develop a set of standard coding schemes, one for each phenomenon of interest? Or will there necessarily be many schemes with relationships defined between them?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Cross-level coding: all the initiatives mentioned above promote an approach in which coding schemes are developed at different levels, rather than an approach in which a monolithic scheme addresses all phenomena. Given this methodology, the issue of cross-level coding arises, namely, how can coding schemes for different levels take advantage of each other and allow coding of cross-level relationships? Is it possible to use corpus annotations at different annotation levels to examine the interdependence of linguistic phenomena?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Coding schemes and theories of discourse: How can corpora coded for discourse issues help advance our theoretical understanding of discourse phenomena? Is it possible to develop coding schemes that faithfully reflect a discourse theory? If yes, is it desirable?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Coding schemes and applications: Is it possible to design discourse coding schemes independently from the applications that the tagged corpora are supposed to be used for (eg, to train a speech act recognizer)?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 \u2022 Tools for discourse tagging: What specific features do discourse tagging tools require? How can we develop tools that decrease the cost and increase the reliability of tagging? Can we simply extend tools developed for other uses, e.g. for syntactic tagging?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\u2022 Some paradigms for evaluating dialogue systems take advantage of the use of tagged corpora: how are discourse tagging and tagging for evaluation purposes related? Are there some discourse tags that may be used as evaluation tags or is it advisable to introduce another dimension of tagging?", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Thanks to the program committee for reviewing the submitted papers. We hope you enjoy the workshop ! ", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "ACL'99 Workshop Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "back_matter": [], | |
| "bib_entries": {}, | |
| "ref_entries": { | |
| "TABREF1": { | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>* Steven Bird and Mark Liberman, Annotation Graphs as a Framework for Multidimensional Linguistic Data</td></tr><tr><td>Analysis, p. 1</td></tr><tr><td>\u2022 Jean Carletta and Amy Isard, The MATE Annotation Workbench: User Requirements, p. 11</td></tr><tr><td>\u2022 Jean Francois Delannoy, Argumentation Mark-Up : A Proposal, p. 18</td></tr><tr><td>\u2022 A. Ichikawa, M. Araki, Y. Horiuchi, M. Ishizaki, S. Itabashi, T. Itoh, H. Kashioka, K. Kato, H. Kikuchi,</td></tr><tr><td>H. Koiso, T. Kumagai, A. Kurematsu, K. Maekawa, S. Nakazato, M. Tamoto, S. Tutiya, Y. Yamashita, T.</td></tr><tr><td>Yoshimura. Evaluation of Annotation Schemes for Japanese Discourse, p. 26</td></tr><tr><td>\u2022 Marion Klein,</td></tr></table>", | |
| "html": null, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "text": "Standardisation Efforts on the Level of Dialogue Act in the MATE Project, p. 35 \u2022 Lori Levin, Klaus Ries, Ann Thume-Gobbel, and Alon Lavie. Tagging of Speech Acts and Dialogue Games in Spanish Call Home, p. 42 \u2022 Daniel Marcu, Estibaliz Amorrortu, and Magdalena Romera. Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of Discourse Trees, p. 48 \u2022 Jon David Patrick. Tagging Psychotherapeutic Interviews for Linguistic Analysis, p. 58 \u2022 M. Poesio, F. Bruneseaux, and L. Romary The MATE meta-scheme for coreference in dialogues in multiple languages, p. 65 \u2022 Claudia Sofia and Vito Pirrelli, A Recognition-Based Meta-Scheme for Dialogue Acts Annotation, p. 75 \u2022 Simone Teufel and Mark Moens. Discourse-Level Argumentation in Scientific Articles: Human and Automatic Annotation, p. 84 \u2022 Graziella Tonfoni, A markup language for tagging discourse and annotating documents in context sensitive interpretation environments, p. 94" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |