diff --git "a/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/style.py" "b/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/style.py" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/style.py" @@ -0,0 +1,4136 @@ +""" +Module for applying conditional formatting to DataFrames and Series. +""" +from __future__ import annotations + +from contextlib import contextmanager +import copy +from functools import partial +import operator +from typing import ( + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + Callable, + overload, +) +import warnings + +import numpy as np + +from pandas._config import get_option + +from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency +from pandas.util._decorators import ( + Substitution, + doc, +) +from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level + +import pandas as pd +from pandas import ( + IndexSlice, + RangeIndex, +) +import pandas.core.common as com +from pandas.core.frame import ( + DataFrame, + Series, +) +from pandas.core.generic import NDFrame +from pandas.core.shared_docs import _shared_docs + +from pandas.io.formats.format import save_to_buffer + +jinja2 = import_optional_dependency("jinja2", extra="DataFrame.style requires jinja2.") + +from pandas.io.formats.style_render import ( + CSSProperties, + CSSStyles, + ExtFormatter, + StylerRenderer, + Subset, + Tooltips, + format_table_styles, + maybe_convert_css_to_tuples, + non_reducing_slice, + refactor_levels, +) + +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from collections.abc import ( + Generator, + Hashable, + Sequence, + ) + + from matplotlib.colors import Colormap + + from pandas._typing import ( + Axis, + AxisInt, + FilePath, + IndexLabel, + IntervalClosedType, + Level, + QuantileInterpolation, + Scalar, + StorageOptions, + WriteBuffer, + WriteExcelBuffer, + ) + + from pandas import ExcelWriter + +try: + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + + has_mpl = True +except ImportError: + has_mpl = False + + +@contextmanager +def _mpl(func: Callable) -> Generator[tuple[Any, Any], None, None]: + if has_mpl: + yield plt, mpl + else: + raise ImportError(f"{func.__name__} requires matplotlib.") + + +#### +# Shared Doc Strings + +subset_args = """subset : label, array-like, IndexSlice, optional + A valid 2d input to `DataFrame.loc[]`, or, in the case of a 1d input + or single key, to `DataFrame.loc[:, ]` where the columns are + prioritised, to limit ``data`` to *before* applying the function.""" + +properties_args = """props : str, default None + CSS properties to use for highlighting. If ``props`` is given, ``color`` + is not used.""" + +coloring_args = """color : str, default '{default}' + Background color to use for highlighting.""" + +buffering_args = """buf : str, path object, file-like object, optional + String, path object (implementing ``os.PathLike[str]``), or file-like + object implementing a string ``write()`` function. If ``None``, the result is + returned as a string.""" + +encoding_args = """encoding : str, optional + Character encoding setting for file output (and meta tags if available). + Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.render.encoding`` value of "utf-8".""" + +# +### + + +class Styler(StylerRenderer): + r""" + Helps style a DataFrame or Series according to the data with HTML and CSS. + + Parameters + ---------- + data : Series or DataFrame + Data to be styled - either a Series or DataFrame. + precision : int, optional + Precision to round floats to. If not given defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.format.precision``. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0 + table_styles : list-like, default None + List of {selector: (attr, value)} dicts; see Notes. + uuid : str, default None + A unique identifier to avoid CSS collisions; generated automatically. + caption : str, tuple, default None + String caption to attach to the table. Tuple only used for LaTeX dual captions. + table_attributes : str, default None + Items that show up in the opening ```` tag + in addition to automatic (by default) id. + cell_ids : bool, default True + If True, each cell will have an ``id`` attribute in their HTML tag. + The ``id`` takes the form ``T__row_col`` + where ```` is the unique identifier, ```` is the row + number and ```` is the column number. + na_rep : str, optional + Representation for missing values. + If ``na_rep`` is None, no special formatting is applied, and falls back to + ``pandas.options.styler.format.na_rep``. + + uuid_len : int, default 5 + If ``uuid`` is not specified, the length of the ``uuid`` to randomly generate + expressed in hex characters, in range [0, 32]. + decimal : str, optional + Character used as decimal separator for floats, complex and integers. If not + given uses ``pandas.options.styler.format.decimal``. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + + thousands : str, optional, default None + Character used as thousands separator for floats, complex and integers. If not + given uses ``pandas.options.styler.format.thousands``. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + + escape : str, optional + Use 'html' to replace the characters ``&``, ``<``, ``>``, ``'``, and ``"`` + in cell display string with HTML-safe sequences. + Use 'latex' to replace the characters ``&``, ``%``, ``$``, ``#``, ``_``, + ``{``, ``}``, ``~``, ``^``, and ``\`` in the cell display string with + LaTeX-safe sequences. Use 'latex-math' to replace the characters + the same way as in 'latex' mode, except for math substrings, + which either are surrounded by two characters ``$`` or start with + the character ``\(`` and end with ``\)``. + If not given uses ``pandas.options.styler.format.escape``. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + formatter : str, callable, dict, optional + Object to define how values are displayed. See ``Styler.format``. If not given + uses ``pandas.options.styler.format.formatter``. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + + Attributes + ---------- + env : Jinja2 jinja2.Environment + template_html : Jinja2 Template + template_html_table : Jinja2 Template + template_html_style : Jinja2 Template + template_latex : Jinja2 Template + loader : Jinja2 Loader + + See Also + -------- + DataFrame.style : Return a Styler object containing methods for building + a styled HTML representation for the DataFrame. + + Notes + ----- + Most styling will be done by passing style functions into + ``Styler.apply`` or ``Styler.map``. Style functions should + return values with strings containing CSS ``'attr: value'`` that will + be applied to the indicated cells. + + If using in the Jupyter notebook, Styler has defined a ``_repr_html_`` + to automatically render itself. Otherwise call Styler.to_html to get + the generated HTML. + + CSS classes are attached to the generated HTML + + * Index and Column names include ``index_name`` and ``level`` + where `k` is its level in a MultiIndex + * Index label cells include + + * ``row_heading`` + * ``row`` where `n` is the numeric position of the row + * ``level`` where `k` is the level in a MultiIndex + + * Column label cells include + * ``col_heading`` + * ``col`` where `n` is the numeric position of the column + * ``level`` where `k` is the level in a MultiIndex + + * Blank cells include ``blank`` + * Data cells include ``data`` + * Trimmed cells include ``col_trim`` or ``row_trim``. + + Any, or all, or these classes can be renamed by using the ``css_class_names`` + argument in ``Styler.set_table_classes``, giving a value such as + *{"row": "MY_ROW_CLASS", "col_trim": "", "row_trim": ""}*. + + Examples + -------- + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4, 5, 6]], index=['a', 'b'], + ... columns=['A', 'B', 'C']) + >>> pd.io.formats.style.Styler(df, precision=2, + ... caption="My table") # doctest: +SKIP + + Please see: + `Table Visualization <../../user_guide/style.ipynb>`_ for more examples. + """ + + def __init__( + self, + data: DataFrame | Series, + precision: int | None = None, + table_styles: CSSStyles | None = None, + uuid: str | None = None, + caption: str | tuple | list | None = None, + table_attributes: str | None = None, + cell_ids: bool = True, + na_rep: str | None = None, + uuid_len: int = 5, + decimal: str | None = None, + thousands: str | None = None, + escape: str | None = None, + formatter: ExtFormatter | None = None, + ) -> None: + super().__init__( + data=data, + uuid=uuid, + uuid_len=uuid_len, + table_styles=table_styles, + table_attributes=table_attributes, + caption=caption, + cell_ids=cell_ids, + precision=precision, + ) + + # validate ordered args + thousands = thousands or get_option("styler.format.thousands") + decimal = decimal or get_option("styler.format.decimal") + na_rep = na_rep or get_option("styler.format.na_rep") + escape = escape or get_option("styler.format.escape") + formatter = formatter or get_option("styler.format.formatter") + # precision is handled by superclass as default for performance + + self.format( + formatter=formatter, + precision=precision, + na_rep=na_rep, + escape=escape, + decimal=decimal, + thousands=thousands, + ) + + def concat(self, other: Styler) -> Styler: + """ + Append another Styler to combine the output into a single table. + + .. versionadded:: 1.5.0 + + Parameters + ---------- + other : Styler + The other Styler object which has already been styled and formatted. The + data for this Styler must have the same columns as the original, and the + number of index levels must also be the same to render correctly. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + Notes + ----- + The purpose of this method is to extend existing styled dataframes with other + metrics that may be useful but may not conform to the original's structure. + For example adding a sub total row, or displaying metrics such as means, + variance or counts. + + Styles that are applied using the ``apply``, ``map``, ``apply_index`` + and ``map_index``, and formatting applied with ``format`` and + ``format_index`` will be preserved. + + .. warning:: + Only the output methods ``to_html``, ``to_string`` and ``to_latex`` + currently work with concatenated Stylers. + + Other output methods, including ``to_excel``, **do not** work with + concatenated Stylers. + + The following should be noted: + + - ``table_styles``, ``table_attributes``, ``caption`` and ``uuid`` are all + inherited from the original Styler and not ``other``. + - hidden columns and hidden index levels will be inherited from the + original Styler + - ``css`` will be inherited from the original Styler, and the value of + keys ``data``, ``row_heading`` and ``row`` will be prepended with + ``foot0_``. If more concats are chained, their styles will be prepended + with ``foot1_``, ''foot_2'', etc., and if a concatenated style have + another concatanated style, the second style will be prepended with + ``foot{parent}_foot{child}_``. + + A common use case is to concatenate user defined functions with + ``DataFrame.agg`` or with described statistics via ``DataFrame.describe``. + See examples. + + Examples + -------- + A common use case is adding totals rows, or otherwise, via methods calculated + in ``DataFrame.agg``. + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[4, 6], [1, 9], [3, 4], [5, 5], [9, 6]], + ... columns=["Mike", "Jim"], + ... index=["Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thurs", "Fri"]) + >>> styler = df.style.concat(df.agg(["sum"]).style) # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/footer_simple.png + + Since the concatenated object is a Styler the existing functionality can be + used to conditionally format it as well as the original. + + >>> descriptors = df.agg(["sum", "mean", lambda s: s.dtype]) + >>> descriptors.index = ["Total", "Average", "dtype"] + >>> other = (descriptors.style + ... .highlight_max(axis=1, subset=(["Total", "Average"], slice(None))) + ... .format(subset=("Average", slice(None)), precision=2, decimal=",") + ... .map(lambda v: "font-weight: bold;")) + >>> styler = (df.style + ... .highlight_max(color="salmon") + ... .set_table_styles([{"selector": ".foot_row0", + ... "props": "border-top: 1px solid black;"}])) + >>> styler.concat(other) # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/footer_extended.png + + When ``other`` has fewer index levels than the original Styler it is possible + to extend the index in ``other``, with placeholder levels. + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1], [2]], + ... index=pd.MultiIndex.from_product([[0], [1, 2]])) + >>> descriptors = df.agg(["sum"]) + >>> descriptors.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([[""], descriptors.index]) + >>> df.style.concat(descriptors.style) # doctest: +SKIP + """ + if not isinstance(other, Styler): + raise TypeError("`other` must be of type `Styler`") + if not self.data.columns.equals(other.data.columns): + raise ValueError("`other.data` must have same columns as `Styler.data`") + if not self.data.index.nlevels == other.data.index.nlevels: + raise ValueError( + "number of index levels must be same in `other` " + "as in `Styler`. See documentation for suggestions." + ) + self.concatenated.append(other) + return self + + def _repr_html_(self) -> str | None: + """ + Hooks into Jupyter notebook rich display system, which calls _repr_html_ by + default if an object is returned at the end of a cell. + """ + if get_option("styler.render.repr") == "html": + return self.to_html() + return None + + def _repr_latex_(self) -> str | None: + if get_option("styler.render.repr") == "latex": + return self.to_latex() + return None + + def set_tooltips( + self, + ttips: DataFrame, + props: CSSProperties | None = None, + css_class: str | None = None, + ) -> Styler: + """ + Set the DataFrame of strings on ``Styler`` generating ``:hover`` tooltips. + + These string based tooltips are only applicable to ``
`` HTML elements, + and cannot be used for column or index headers. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + + Parameters + ---------- + ttips : DataFrame + DataFrame containing strings that will be translated to tooltips, mapped + by identical column and index values that must exist on the underlying + Styler data. None, NaN values, and empty strings will be ignored and + not affect the rendered HTML. + props : list-like or str, optional + List of (attr, value) tuples or a valid CSS string. If ``None`` adopts + the internal default values described in notes. + css_class : str, optional + Name of the tooltip class used in CSS, should conform to HTML standards. + Only useful if integrating tooltips with external CSS. If ``None`` uses the + internal default value 'pd-t'. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + Notes + ----- + Tooltips are created by adding `` to each data cell + and then manipulating the table level CSS to attach pseudo hover and pseudo + after selectors to produce the required the results. + + The default properties for the tooltip CSS class are: + + - visibility: hidden + - position: absolute + - z-index: 1 + - background-color: black + - color: white + - transform: translate(-20px, -20px) + + The property 'visibility: hidden;' is a key prerequisite to the hover + functionality, and should always be included in any manual properties + specification, using the ``props`` argument. + + Tooltips are not designed to be efficient, and can add large amounts of + additional HTML for larger tables, since they also require that ``cell_ids`` + is forced to `True`. + + Examples + -------- + Basic application + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame(data=[[0, 1], [2, 3]]) + >>> ttips = pd.DataFrame( + ... data=[["Min", ""], [np.nan, "Max"]], columns=df.columns, index=df.index + ... ) + >>> s = df.style.set_tooltips(ttips).to_html() + + Optionally controlling the tooltip visual display + + >>> df.style.set_tooltips(ttips, css_class='tt-add', props=[ + ... ('visibility', 'hidden'), + ... ('position', 'absolute'), + ... ('z-index', 1)]) # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.set_tooltips(ttips, css_class='tt-add', + ... props='visibility:hidden; position:absolute; z-index:1;') + ... # doctest: +SKIP + """ + if not self.cell_ids: + # tooltips not optimised for individual cell check. requires reasonable + # redesign and more extensive code for a feature that might be rarely used. + raise NotImplementedError( + "Tooltips can only render with 'cell_ids' is True." + ) + if not ttips.index.is_unique or not ttips.columns.is_unique: + raise KeyError( + "Tooltips render only if `ttips` has unique index and columns." + ) + if self.tooltips is None: # create a default instance if necessary + self.tooltips = Tooltips() + self.tooltips.tt_data = ttips + if props: + self.tooltips.class_properties = props + if css_class: + self.tooltips.class_name = css_class + + return self + + @doc( + NDFrame.to_excel, + klass="Styler", + storage_options=_shared_docs["storage_options"], + storage_options_versionadded="1.5.0", + ) + def to_excel( + self, + excel_writer: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter, + sheet_name: str = "Sheet1", + na_rep: str = "", + float_format: str | None = None, + columns: Sequence[Hashable] | None = None, + header: Sequence[Hashable] | bool = True, + index: bool = True, + index_label: IndexLabel | None = None, + startrow: int = 0, + startcol: int = 0, + engine: str | None = None, + merge_cells: bool = True, + encoding: str | None = None, + inf_rep: str = "inf", + verbose: bool = True, + freeze_panes: tuple[int, int] | None = None, + storage_options: StorageOptions | None = None, + ) -> None: + from pandas.io.formats.excel import ExcelFormatter + + formatter = ExcelFormatter( + self, + na_rep=na_rep, + cols=columns, + header=header, + float_format=float_format, + index=index, + index_label=index_label, + merge_cells=merge_cells, + inf_rep=inf_rep, + ) + formatter.write( + excel_writer, + sheet_name=sheet_name, + startrow=startrow, + startcol=startcol, + freeze_panes=freeze_panes, + engine=engine, + storage_options=storage_options, + ) + + @overload + def to_latex( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str], + *, + column_format: str | None = ..., + position: str | None = ..., + position_float: str | None = ..., + hrules: bool | None = ..., + clines: str | None = ..., + label: str | None = ..., + caption: str | tuple | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + multirow_align: str | None = ..., + multicol_align: str | None = ..., + siunitx: bool = ..., + environment: str | None = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + convert_css: bool = ..., + ) -> None: + ... + + @overload + def to_latex( + self, + buf: None = ..., + *, + column_format: str | None = ..., + position: str | None = ..., + position_float: str | None = ..., + hrules: bool | None = ..., + clines: str | None = ..., + label: str | None = ..., + caption: str | tuple | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + multirow_align: str | None = ..., + multicol_align: str | None = ..., + siunitx: bool = ..., + environment: str | None = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + convert_css: bool = ..., + ) -> str: + ... + + def to_latex( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str] | None = None, + *, + column_format: str | None = None, + position: str | None = None, + position_float: str | None = None, + hrules: bool | None = None, + clines: str | None = None, + label: str | None = None, + caption: str | tuple | None = None, + sparse_index: bool | None = None, + sparse_columns: bool | None = None, + multirow_align: str | None = None, + multicol_align: str | None = None, + siunitx: bool = False, + environment: str | None = None, + encoding: str | None = None, + convert_css: bool = False, + ) -> str | None: + r""" + Write Styler to a file, buffer or string in LaTeX format. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + + Parameters + ---------- + buf : str, path object, file-like object, or None, default None + String, path object (implementing ``os.PathLike[str]``), or file-like + object implementing a string ``write()`` function. If None, the result is + returned as a string. + column_format : str, optional + The LaTeX column specification placed in location: + + \\begin{tabular}{} + + Defaults to 'l' for index and + non-numeric data columns, and, for numeric data columns, + to 'r' by default, or 'S' if ``siunitx`` is ``True``. + position : str, optional + The LaTeX positional argument (e.g. 'h!') for tables, placed in location: + + ``\\begin{table}[]``. + position_float : {"centering", "raggedleft", "raggedright"}, optional + The LaTeX float command placed in location: + + \\begin{table}[] + + \\ + + Cannot be used if ``environment`` is "longtable". + hrules : bool + Set to `True` to add \\toprule, \\midrule and \\bottomrule from the + {booktabs} LaTeX package. + Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.latex.hrules``, which is `False`. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0 + clines : str, optional + Use to control adding \\cline commands for the index labels separation. + Possible values are: + + - `None`: no cline commands are added (default). + - `"all;data"`: a cline is added for every index value extending the + width of the table, including data entries. + - `"all;index"`: as above with lines extending only the width of the + index entries. + - `"skip-last;data"`: a cline is added for each index value except the + last level (which is never sparsified), extending the widtn of the + table. + - `"skip-last;index"`: as above with lines extending only the width of the + index entries. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + label : str, optional + The LaTeX label included as: \\label{
}. + If tuple, i.e ("full caption", "short caption"), the caption included + as: \\caption[]{}. + sparse_index : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each row. + Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.index``, which is `True`. + sparse_columns : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each + column. Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.columns``, which + is `True`. + multirow_align : {"c", "t", "b", "naive"}, optional + If sparsifying hierarchical MultiIndexes whether to align text centrally, + at the top or bottom using the multirow package. If not given defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.latex.multirow_align``, which is `"c"`. + If "naive" is given renders without multirow. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0 + multicol_align : {"r", "c", "l", "naive-l", "naive-r"}, optional + If sparsifying hierarchical MultiIndex columns whether to align text at + the left, centrally, or at the right. If not given defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.latex.multicol_align``, which is "r". + If a naive option is given renders without multicol. + Pipe decorators can also be added to non-naive values to draw vertical + rules, e.g. "\|r" will draw a rule on the left side of right aligned merged + cells. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0 + siunitx : bool, default False + Set to ``True`` to structure LaTeX compatible with the {siunitx} package. + environment : str, optional + If given, the environment that will replace 'table' in ``\\begin{table}``. + If 'longtable' is specified then a more suitable template is + rendered. If not given defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.latex.environment``, which is `None`. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + encoding : str, optional + Character encoding setting. Defaults + to ``pandas.options.styler.render.encoding``, which is "utf-8". + convert_css : bool, default False + Convert simple cell-styles from CSS to LaTeX format. Any CSS not found in + conversion table is dropped. A style can be forced by adding option + `--latex`. See notes. + + Returns + ------- + str or None + If `buf` is None, returns the result as a string. Otherwise returns `None`. + + See Also + -------- + Styler.format: Format the text display value of cells. + + Notes + ----- + **Latex Packages** + + For the following features we recommend the following LaTeX inclusions: + + ===================== ========================================================== + Feature Inclusion + ===================== ========================================================== + sparse columns none: included within default {tabular} environment + sparse rows \\usepackage{multirow} + hrules \\usepackage{booktabs} + colors \\usepackage[table]{xcolor} + siunitx \\usepackage{siunitx} + bold (with siunitx) | \\usepackage{etoolbox} + | \\robustify\\bfseries + | \\sisetup{detect-all = true} *(within {document})* + italic (with siunitx) | \\usepackage{etoolbox} + | \\robustify\\itshape + | \\sisetup{detect-all = true} *(within {document})* + environment \\usepackage{longtable} if arg is "longtable" + | or any other relevant environment package + hyperlinks \\usepackage{hyperref} + ===================== ========================================================== + + **Cell Styles** + + LaTeX styling can only be rendered if the accompanying styling functions have + been constructed with appropriate LaTeX commands. All styling + functionality is built around the concept of a CSS ``(, )`` + pair (see `Table Visualization <../../user_guide/style.ipynb>`_), and this + should be replaced by a LaTeX + ``(, )`` approach. Each cell will be styled individually + using nested LaTeX commands with their accompanied options. + + For example the following code will highlight and bold a cell in HTML-CSS: + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [3,4]]) + >>> s = df.style.highlight_max(axis=None, + ... props='background-color:red; font-weight:bold;') + >>> s.to_html() # doctest: +SKIP + + The equivalent using LaTeX only commands is the following: + + >>> s = df.style.highlight_max(axis=None, + ... props='cellcolor:{red}; bfseries: ;') + >>> s.to_latex() # doctest: +SKIP + + Internally these structured LaTeX ``(, )`` pairs + are translated to the + ``display_value`` with the default structure: + ``\ ``. + Where there are multiple commands the latter is nested recursively, so that + the above example highlighted cell is rendered as + ``\cellcolor{red} \bfseries 4``. + + Occasionally this format does not suit the applied command, or + combination of LaTeX packages that is in use, so additional flags can be + added to the ````, within the tuple, to result in different + positions of required braces (the **default** being the same as ``--nowrap``): + + =================================== ============================================ + Tuple Format Output Structure + =================================== ============================================ + (,) \\ + (, ``--nowrap``) \\ + (, ``--rwrap``) \\{} + (, ``--wrap``) {\\ } + (, ``--lwrap``) {\\} + (, ``--dwrap``) {\\}{} + =================================== ============================================ + + For example the `textbf` command for font-weight + should always be used with `--rwrap` so ``('textbf', '--rwrap')`` will render a + working cell, wrapped with braces, as ``\textbf{}``. + + A more comprehensive example is as follows: + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2.2, "dogs"], [3, 4.4, "cats"], [2, 6.6, "cows"]], + ... index=["ix1", "ix2", "ix3"], + ... columns=["Integers", "Floats", "Strings"]) + >>> s = df.style.highlight_max( + ... props='cellcolor:[HTML]{FFFF00}; color:{red};' + ... 'textit:--rwrap; textbf:--rwrap;' + ... ) + >>> s.to_latex() # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/latex_1.png + + **Table Styles** + + Internally Styler uses its ``table_styles`` object to parse the + ``column_format``, ``position``, ``position_float``, and ``label`` + input arguments. These arguments are added to table styles in the format: + + .. code-block:: python + + set_table_styles([ + {"selector": "column_format", "props": f":{column_format};"}, + {"selector": "position", "props": f":{position};"}, + {"selector": "position_float", "props": f":{position_float};"}, + {"selector": "label", "props": f":{{{label.replace(':','§')}}};"} + ], overwrite=False) + + Exception is made for the ``hrules`` argument which, in fact, controls all three + commands: ``toprule``, ``bottomrule`` and ``midrule`` simultaneously. Instead of + setting ``hrules`` to ``True``, it is also possible to set each + individual rule definition, by manually setting the ``table_styles``, + for example below we set a regular ``toprule``, set an ``hline`` for + ``bottomrule`` and exclude the ``midrule``: + + .. code-block:: python + + set_table_styles([ + {'selector': 'toprule', 'props': ':toprule;'}, + {'selector': 'bottomrule', 'props': ':hline;'}, + ], overwrite=False) + + If other ``commands`` are added to table styles they will be detected, and + positioned immediately above the '\\begin{tabular}' command. For example to + add odd and even row coloring, from the {colortbl} package, in format + ``\rowcolors{1}{pink}{red}``, use: + + .. code-block:: python + + set_table_styles([ + {'selector': 'rowcolors', 'props': ':{1}{pink}{red};'} + ], overwrite=False) + + A more comprehensive example using these arguments is as follows: + + >>> df.columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([ + ... ("Numeric", "Integers"), + ... ("Numeric", "Floats"), + ... ("Non-Numeric", "Strings") + ... ]) + >>> df.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([ + ... ("L0", "ix1"), ("L0", "ix2"), ("L1", "ix3") + ... ]) + >>> s = df.style.highlight_max( + ... props='cellcolor:[HTML]{FFFF00}; color:{red}; itshape:; bfseries:;' + ... ) + >>> s.to_latex( + ... column_format="rrrrr", position="h", position_float="centering", + ... hrules=True, label="table:5", caption="Styled LaTeX Table", + ... multirow_align="t", multicol_align="r" + ... ) # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/latex_2.png + + **Formatting** + + To format values :meth:`Styler.format` should be used prior to calling + `Styler.to_latex`, as well as other methods such as :meth:`Styler.hide` + for example: + + >>> s.clear() + >>> s.table_styles = [] + >>> s.caption = None + >>> s.format({ + ... ("Numeric", "Integers"): '\${}', + ... ("Numeric", "Floats"): '{:.3f}', + ... ("Non-Numeric", "Strings"): str.upper + ... }) # doctest: +SKIP + Numeric Non-Numeric + Integers Floats Strings + L0 ix1 $1 2.200 DOGS + ix2 $3 4.400 CATS + L1 ix3 $2 6.600 COWS + + >>> s.to_latex() # doctest: +SKIP + \begin{tabular}{llrrl} + {} & {} & \multicolumn{2}{r}{Numeric} & {Non-Numeric} \\ + {} & {} & {Integers} & {Floats} & {Strings} \\ + \multirow[c]{2}{*}{L0} & ix1 & \\$1 & 2.200 & DOGS \\ + & ix2 & \$3 & 4.400 & CATS \\ + L1 & ix3 & \$2 & 6.600 & COWS \\ + \end{tabular} + + **CSS Conversion** + + This method can convert a Styler constructured with HTML-CSS to LaTeX using + the following limited conversions. + + ================== ==================== ============= ========================== + CSS Attribute CSS value LaTeX Command LaTeX Options + ================== ==================== ============= ========================== + font-weight | bold | bfseries + | bolder | bfseries + font-style | italic | itshape + | oblique | slshape + background-color | red cellcolor | {red}--lwrap + | #fe01ea | [HTML]{FE01EA}--lwrap + | #f0e | [HTML]{FF00EE}--lwrap + | rgb(128,255,0) | [rgb]{0.5,1,0}--lwrap + | rgba(128,0,0,0.5) | [rgb]{0.5,0,0}--lwrap + | rgb(25%,255,50%) | [rgb]{0.25,1,0.5}--lwrap + color | red color | {red} + | #fe01ea | [HTML]{FE01EA} + | #f0e | [HTML]{FF00EE} + | rgb(128,255,0) | [rgb]{0.5,1,0} + | rgba(128,0,0,0.5) | [rgb]{0.5,0,0} + | rgb(25%,255,50%) | [rgb]{0.25,1,0.5} + ================== ==================== ============= ========================== + + It is also possible to add user-defined LaTeX only styles to a HTML-CSS Styler + using the ``--latex`` flag, and to add LaTeX parsing options that the + converter will detect within a CSS-comment. + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1]]) + >>> df.style.set_properties( + ... **{"font-weight": "bold /* --dwrap */", "Huge": "--latex--rwrap"} + ... ).to_latex(convert_css=True) # doctest: +SKIP + \begin{tabular}{lr} + {} & {0} \\ + 0 & {\bfseries}{\Huge{1}} \\ + \end{tabular} + + Examples + -------- + Below we give a complete step by step example adding some advanced features + and noting some common gotchas. + + First we create the DataFrame and Styler as usual, including MultiIndex rows + and columns, which allow for more advanced formatting options: + + >>> cidx = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([ + ... ["Equity", "Equity", "Equity", "Equity", + ... "Stats", "Stats", "Stats", "Stats", "Rating"], + ... ["Energy", "Energy", "Consumer", "Consumer", "", "", "", "", ""], + ... ["BP", "Shell", "H&M", "Unilever", + ... "Std Dev", "Variance", "52w High", "52w Low", ""] + ... ]) + >>> iidx = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([ + ... ["Equity", "Equity", "Equity", "Equity"], + ... ["Energy", "Energy", "Consumer", "Consumer"], + ... ["BP", "Shell", "H&M", "Unilever"] + ... ]) + >>> styler = pd.DataFrame([ + ... [1, 0.8, 0.66, 0.72, 32.1678, 32.1678**2, 335.12, 240.89, "Buy"], + ... [0.8, 1.0, 0.69, 0.79, 1.876, 1.876**2, 14.12, 19.78, "Hold"], + ... [0.66, 0.69, 1.0, 0.86, 7, 7**2, 210.9, 140.6, "Buy"], + ... [0.72, 0.79, 0.86, 1.0, 213.76, 213.76**2, 2807, 3678, "Sell"], + ... ], columns=cidx, index=iidx).style + + Second we will format the display and, since our table is quite wide, will + hide the repeated level-0 of the index: + + >>> (styler.format(subset="Equity", precision=2) + ... .format(subset="Stats", precision=1, thousands=",") + ... .format(subset="Rating", formatter=str.upper) + ... .format_index(escape="latex", axis=1) + ... .format_index(escape="latex", axis=0) + ... .hide(level=0, axis=0)) # doctest: +SKIP + + Note that one of the string entries of the index and column headers is "H&M". + Without applying the `escape="latex"` option to the `format_index` method the + resultant LaTeX will fail to render, and the error returned is quite + difficult to debug. Using the appropriate escape the "&" is converted to "\\&". + + Thirdly we will apply some (CSS-HTML) styles to our object. We will use a + builtin method and also define our own method to highlight the stock + recommendation: + + >>> def rating_color(v): + ... if v == "Buy": color = "#33ff85" + ... elif v == "Sell": color = "#ff5933" + ... else: color = "#ffdd33" + ... return f"color: {color}; font-weight: bold;" + >>> (styler.background_gradient(cmap="inferno", subset="Equity", vmin=0, vmax=1) + ... .map(rating_color, subset="Rating")) # doctest: +SKIP + + All the above styles will work with HTML (see below) and LaTeX upon conversion: + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/latex_stocks_html.png + + However, we finally want to add one LaTeX only style + (from the {graphicx} package), that is not easy to convert from CSS and + pandas does not support it. Notice the `--latex` flag used here, + as well as `--rwrap` to ensure this is formatted correctly and + not ignored upon conversion. + + >>> styler.map_index( + ... lambda v: "rotatebox:{45}--rwrap--latex;", level=2, axis=1 + ... ) # doctest: +SKIP + + Finally we render our LaTeX adding in other options as required: + + >>> styler.to_latex( + ... caption="Selected stock correlation and simple statistics.", + ... clines="skip-last;data", + ... convert_css=True, + ... position_float="centering", + ... multicol_align="|c|", + ... hrules=True, + ... ) # doctest: +SKIP + \begin{table} + \centering + \caption{Selected stock correlation and simple statistics.} + \begin{tabular}{llrrrrrrrrl} + \toprule + & & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Equity} & \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Stats} & Rating \\ + & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Energy} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Consumer} & + \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{} & \\ + & & \rotatebox{45}{BP} & \rotatebox{45}{Shell} & \rotatebox{45}{H\&M} & + \rotatebox{45}{Unilever} & \rotatebox{45}{Std Dev} & \rotatebox{45}{Variance} & + \rotatebox{45}{52w High} & \rotatebox{45}{52w Low} & \rotatebox{45}{} \\ + \midrule + \multirow[c]{2}{*}{Energy} & BP & {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCFFA4}} + \color[HTML]{000000} 1.00 & {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCA50A}} \color[HTML]{000000} + 0.80 & {\cellcolor[HTML]{EB6628}} \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} 0.66 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{F68013}} \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} 0.72 & 32.2 & 1,034.8 & 335.1 + & 240.9 & \color[HTML]{33FF85} \bfseries BUY \\ + & Shell & {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCA50A}} \color[HTML]{000000} 0.80 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCFFA4}} \color[HTML]{000000} 1.00 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{F1731D}} \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} 0.69 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCA108}} \color[HTML]{000000} 0.79 & 1.9 & 3.5 & 14.1 & + 19.8 & \color[HTML]{FFDD33} \bfseries HOLD \\ + \cline{1-11} + \multirow[c]{2}{*}{Consumer} & H\&M & {\cellcolor[HTML]{EB6628}} + \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} 0.66 & {\cellcolor[HTML]{F1731D}} \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} + 0.69 & {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCFFA4}} \color[HTML]{000000} 1.00 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FAC42A}} \color[HTML]{000000} 0.86 & 7.0 & 49.0 & 210.9 & + 140.6 & \color[HTML]{33FF85} \bfseries BUY \\ + & Unilever & {\cellcolor[HTML]{F68013}} \color[HTML]{F1F1F1} 0.72 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCA108}} \color[HTML]{000000} 0.79 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FAC42A}} \color[HTML]{000000} 0.86 & + {\cellcolor[HTML]{FCFFA4}} \color[HTML]{000000} 1.00 & 213.8 & 45,693.3 & + 2,807.0 & 3,678.0 & \color[HTML]{FF5933} \bfseries SELL \\ + \cline{1-11} + \bottomrule + \end{tabular} + \end{table} + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/latex_stocks.png + """ + obj = self._copy(deepcopy=True) # manipulate table_styles on obj, not self + + table_selectors = ( + [style["selector"] for style in self.table_styles] + if self.table_styles is not None + else [] + ) + + if column_format is not None: + # add more recent setting to table_styles + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "column_format", "props": f":{column_format}"}], + overwrite=False, + ) + elif "column_format" in table_selectors: + pass # adopt what has been previously set in table_styles + else: + # create a default: set float, complex, int cols to 'r' ('S'), index to 'l' + _original_columns = self.data.columns + self.data.columns = RangeIndex(stop=len(self.data.columns)) + numeric_cols = self.data._get_numeric_data().columns.to_list() + self.data.columns = _original_columns + column_format = "" + for level in range(self.index.nlevels): + column_format += "" if self.hide_index_[level] else "l" + for ci, _ in enumerate(self.data.columns): + if ci not in self.hidden_columns: + column_format += ( + ("r" if not siunitx else "S") if ci in numeric_cols else "l" + ) + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "column_format", "props": f":{column_format}"}], + overwrite=False, + ) + + if position: + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "position", "props": f":{position}"}], + overwrite=False, + ) + + if position_float: + if environment == "longtable": + raise ValueError( + "`position_float` cannot be used in 'longtable' `environment`" + ) + if position_float not in ["raggedright", "raggedleft", "centering"]: + raise ValueError( + f"`position_float` should be one of " + f"'raggedright', 'raggedleft', 'centering', " + f"got: '{position_float}'" + ) + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "position_float", "props": f":{position_float}"}], + overwrite=False, + ) + + hrules = get_option("styler.latex.hrules") if hrules is None else hrules + if hrules: + obj.set_table_styles( + [ + {"selector": "toprule", "props": ":toprule"}, + {"selector": "midrule", "props": ":midrule"}, + {"selector": "bottomrule", "props": ":bottomrule"}, + ], + overwrite=False, + ) + + if label: + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "label", "props": f":{{{label.replace(':', '§')}}}"}], + overwrite=False, + ) + + if caption: + obj.set_caption(caption) + + if sparse_index is None: + sparse_index = get_option("styler.sparse.index") + if sparse_columns is None: + sparse_columns = get_option("styler.sparse.columns") + environment = environment or get_option("styler.latex.environment") + multicol_align = multicol_align or get_option("styler.latex.multicol_align") + multirow_align = multirow_align or get_option("styler.latex.multirow_align") + latex = obj._render_latex( + sparse_index=sparse_index, + sparse_columns=sparse_columns, + multirow_align=multirow_align, + multicol_align=multicol_align, + environment=environment, + convert_css=convert_css, + siunitx=siunitx, + clines=clines, + ) + + encoding = ( + (encoding or get_option("styler.render.encoding")) + if isinstance(buf, str) # i.e. a filepath + else encoding + ) + return save_to_buffer(latex, buf=buf, encoding=encoding) + + @overload + def to_html( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str], + *, + table_uuid: str | None = ..., + table_attributes: str | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + bold_headers: bool = ..., + caption: str | None = ..., + max_rows: int | None = ..., + max_columns: int | None = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + doctype_html: bool = ..., + exclude_styles: bool = ..., + **kwargs, + ) -> None: + ... + + @overload + def to_html( + self, + buf: None = ..., + *, + table_uuid: str | None = ..., + table_attributes: str | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + bold_headers: bool = ..., + caption: str | None = ..., + max_rows: int | None = ..., + max_columns: int | None = ..., + encoding: str | None = ..., + doctype_html: bool = ..., + exclude_styles: bool = ..., + **kwargs, + ) -> str: + ... + + @Substitution(buf=buffering_args, encoding=encoding_args) + def to_html( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str] | None = None, + *, + table_uuid: str | None = None, + table_attributes: str | None = None, + sparse_index: bool | None = None, + sparse_columns: bool | None = None, + bold_headers: bool = False, + caption: str | None = None, + max_rows: int | None = None, + max_columns: int | None = None, + encoding: str | None = None, + doctype_html: bool = False, + exclude_styles: bool = False, + **kwargs, + ) -> str | None: + """ + Write Styler to a file, buffer or string in HTML-CSS format. + + .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 + + Parameters + ---------- + %(buf)s + table_uuid : str, optional + Id attribute assigned to the HTML element in the format: + + ``
`` + + If not given uses Styler's initially assigned value. + table_attributes : str, optional + Attributes to assign within the `
` HTML element in the format: + + ``
>`` + + If not given defaults to Styler's preexisting value. + sparse_index : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each row. + Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.index`` value. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + sparse_columns : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each + column. Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.columns`` value. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + bold_headers : bool, optional + Adds "font-weight: bold;" as a CSS property to table style header cells. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + caption : str, optional + Set, or overwrite, the caption on Styler before rendering. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + max_rows : int, optional + The maximum number of rows that will be rendered. Defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_rows/max_columns``. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + max_columns : int, optional + The maximum number of columns that will be rendered. Defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_columns``, which is None. + + Rows and columns may be reduced if the number of total elements is + large. This value is set to ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_elements``, + which is 262144 (18 bit browser rendering). + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + %(encoding)s + doctype_html : bool, default False + Whether to output a fully structured HTML file including all + HTML elements, or just the core `` +
+ + + + + + + ... + """ + obj = self._copy(deepcopy=True) # manipulate table_styles on obj, not self + + if table_uuid: + obj.set_uuid(table_uuid) + + if table_attributes: + obj.set_table_attributes(table_attributes) + + if sparse_index is None: + sparse_index = get_option("styler.sparse.index") + if sparse_columns is None: + sparse_columns = get_option("styler.sparse.columns") + + if bold_headers: + obj.set_table_styles( + [{"selector": "th", "props": "font-weight: bold;"}], overwrite=False + ) + + if caption is not None: + obj.set_caption(caption) + + # Build HTML string.. + html = obj._render_html( + sparse_index=sparse_index, + sparse_columns=sparse_columns, + max_rows=max_rows, + max_cols=max_columns, + exclude_styles=exclude_styles, + encoding=encoding or get_option("styler.render.encoding"), + doctype_html=doctype_html, + **kwargs, + ) + + return save_to_buffer( + html, buf=buf, encoding=(encoding if buf is not None else None) + ) + + @overload + def to_string( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str], + *, + encoding: str | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + max_rows: int | None = ..., + max_columns: int | None = ..., + delimiter: str = ..., + ) -> None: + ... + + @overload + def to_string( + self, + buf: None = ..., + *, + encoding: str | None = ..., + sparse_index: bool | None = ..., + sparse_columns: bool | None = ..., + max_rows: int | None = ..., + max_columns: int | None = ..., + delimiter: str = ..., + ) -> str: + ... + + @Substitution(buf=buffering_args, encoding=encoding_args) + def to_string( + self, + buf: FilePath | WriteBuffer[str] | None = None, + *, + encoding: str | None = None, + sparse_index: bool | None = None, + sparse_columns: bool | None = None, + max_rows: int | None = None, + max_columns: int | None = None, + delimiter: str = " ", + ) -> str | None: + """ + Write Styler to a file, buffer or string in text format. + + .. versionadded:: 1.5.0 + + Parameters + ---------- + %(buf)s + %(encoding)s + sparse_index : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each row. + Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.index`` value. + sparse_columns : bool, optional + Whether to sparsify the display of a hierarchical index. Setting to False + will display each explicit level element in a hierarchical key for each + column. Defaults to ``pandas.options.styler.sparse.columns`` value. + max_rows : int, optional + The maximum number of rows that will be rendered. Defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_rows``, which is None. + max_columns : int, optional + The maximum number of columns that will be rendered. Defaults to + ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_columns``, which is None. + + Rows and columns may be reduced if the number of total elements is + large. This value is set to ``pandas.options.styler.render.max_elements``, + which is 262144 (18 bit browser rendering). + delimiter : str, default single space + The separator between data elements. + + Returns + ------- + str or None + If `buf` is None, returns the result as a string. Otherwise returns `None`. + + Examples + -------- + >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, 4]}) + >>> df.style.to_string() + ' A B\\n0 1 3\\n1 2 4\\n' + """ + obj = self._copy(deepcopy=True) + + if sparse_index is None: + sparse_index = get_option("styler.sparse.index") + if sparse_columns is None: + sparse_columns = get_option("styler.sparse.columns") + + text = obj._render_string( + sparse_columns=sparse_columns, + sparse_index=sparse_index, + max_rows=max_rows, + max_cols=max_columns, + delimiter=delimiter, + ) + return save_to_buffer( + text, buf=buf, encoding=(encoding if buf is not None else None) + ) + + def set_td_classes(self, classes: DataFrame) -> Styler: + """ + Set the ``class`` attribute of ``
 AB
`` HTML elements. + + Parameters + ---------- + classes : DataFrame + DataFrame containing strings that will be translated to CSS classes, + mapped by identical column and index key values that must exist on the + underlying Styler data. None, NaN values, and empty strings will + be ignored and not affect the rendered HTML. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + See Also + -------- + Styler.set_table_styles: Set the table styles included within the ``' + '' + ' ' + ' ' + ' ' + ' ' + ' ' + ' ' + '
0
1
' + """ + if not classes.index.is_unique or not classes.columns.is_unique: + raise KeyError( + "Classes render only if `classes` has unique index and columns." + ) + classes = classes.reindex_like(self.data) + + for r, row_tup in enumerate(classes.itertuples()): + for c, value in enumerate(row_tup[1:]): + if not (pd.isna(value) or value == ""): + self.cell_context[(r, c)] = str(value) + + return self + + def _update_ctx(self, attrs: DataFrame) -> None: + """ + Update the state of the ``Styler`` for data cells. + + Collects a mapping of {index_label: [('', ''), ..]}. + + Parameters + ---------- + attrs : DataFrame + should contain strings of ': ;: ' + Whitespace shouldn't matter and the final trailing ';' shouldn't + matter. + """ + if not self.index.is_unique or not self.columns.is_unique: + raise KeyError( + "`Styler.apply` and `.map` are not compatible " + "with non-unique index or columns." + ) + + for cn in attrs.columns: + j = self.columns.get_loc(cn) + ser = attrs[cn] + for rn, c in ser.items(): + if not c or pd.isna(c): + continue + css_list = maybe_convert_css_to_tuples(c) + i = self.index.get_loc(rn) + self.ctx[(i, j)].extend(css_list) + + def _update_ctx_header(self, attrs: DataFrame, axis: AxisInt) -> None: + """ + Update the state of the ``Styler`` for header cells. + + Collects a mapping of {index_label: [('', ''), ..]}. + + Parameters + ---------- + attrs : Series + Should contain strings of ': ;: ', and an + integer index. + Whitespace shouldn't matter and the final trailing ';' shouldn't + matter. + axis : int + Identifies whether the ctx object being updated is the index or columns + """ + for j in attrs.columns: + ser = attrs[j] + for i, c in ser.items(): + if not c: + continue + css_list = maybe_convert_css_to_tuples(c) + if axis == 0: + self.ctx_index[(i, j)].extend(css_list) + else: + self.ctx_columns[(j, i)].extend(css_list) + + def _copy(self, deepcopy: bool = False) -> Styler: + """ + Copies a Styler, allowing for deepcopy or shallow copy + + Copying a Styler aims to recreate a new Styler object which contains the same + data and styles as the original. + + Data dependent attributes [copied and NOT exported]: + - formatting (._display_funcs) + - hidden index values or column values (.hidden_rows, .hidden_columns) + - tooltips + - cell_context (cell css classes) + - ctx (cell css styles) + - caption + - concatenated stylers + + Non-data dependent attributes [copied and exported]: + - css + - hidden index state and hidden columns state (.hide_index_, .hide_columns_) + - table_attributes + - table_styles + - applied styles (_todo) + + """ + # GH 40675, 52728 + styler = type(self)( + self.data, # populates attributes 'data', 'columns', 'index' as shallow + ) + shallow = [ # simple string or boolean immutables + "hide_index_", + "hide_columns_", + "hide_column_names", + "hide_index_names", + "table_attributes", + "cell_ids", + "caption", + "uuid", + "uuid_len", + "template_latex", # also copy templates if these have been customised + "template_html_style", + "template_html_table", + "template_html", + ] + deep = [ # nested lists or dicts + "css", + "concatenated", + "_display_funcs", + "_display_funcs_index", + "_display_funcs_columns", + "hidden_rows", + "hidden_columns", + "ctx", + "ctx_index", + "ctx_columns", + "cell_context", + "_todo", + "table_styles", + "tooltips", + ] + + for attr in shallow: + setattr(styler, attr, getattr(self, attr)) + + for attr in deep: + val = getattr(self, attr) + setattr(styler, attr, copy.deepcopy(val) if deepcopy else val) + + return styler + + def __copy__(self) -> Styler: + return self._copy(deepcopy=False) + + def __deepcopy__(self, memo) -> Styler: + return self._copy(deepcopy=True) + + def clear(self) -> None: + """ + Reset the ``Styler``, removing any previously applied styles. + + Returns None. + + Examples + -------- + >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2], 'B': [3, np.nan]}) + + After any added style: + + >>> df.style.highlight_null(color='yellow') # doctest: +SKIP + + Remove it with: + + >>> df.style.clear() # doctest: +SKIP + + Please see: + `Table Visualization <../../user_guide/style.ipynb>`_ for more examples. + """ + # create default GH 40675 + clean_copy = Styler(self.data, uuid=self.uuid) + clean_attrs = [a for a in clean_copy.__dict__ if not callable(a)] + self_attrs = [a for a in self.__dict__ if not callable(a)] # maybe more attrs + for attr in clean_attrs: + setattr(self, attr, getattr(clean_copy, attr)) + for attr in set(self_attrs).difference(clean_attrs): + delattr(self, attr) + + def _apply( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: Axis | None = 0, + subset: Subset | None = None, + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + subset = slice(None) if subset is None else subset + subset = non_reducing_slice(subset) + data = self.data.loc[subset] + if data.empty: + result = DataFrame() + elif axis is None: + result = func(data, **kwargs) + if not isinstance(result, DataFrame): + if not isinstance(result, np.ndarray): + raise TypeError( + f"Function {repr(func)} must return a DataFrame or ndarray " + f"when passed to `Styler.apply` with axis=None" + ) + if data.shape != result.shape: + raise ValueError( + f"Function {repr(func)} returned ndarray with wrong shape.\n" + f"Result has shape: {result.shape}\n" + f"Expected shape: {data.shape}" + ) + result = DataFrame(result, index=data.index, columns=data.columns) + else: + axis = self.data._get_axis_number(axis) + if axis == 0: + result = data.apply(func, axis=0, **kwargs) + else: + result = data.T.apply(func, axis=0, **kwargs).T # see GH 42005 + + if isinstance(result, Series): + raise ValueError( + f"Function {repr(func)} resulted in the apply method collapsing to a " + f"Series.\nUsually, this is the result of the function returning a " + f"single value, instead of list-like." + ) + msg = ( + f"Function {repr(func)} created invalid {{0}} labels.\nUsually, this is " + f"the result of the function returning a " + f"{'Series' if axis is not None else 'DataFrame'} which contains invalid " + f"labels, or returning an incorrectly shaped, list-like object which " + f"cannot be mapped to labels, possibly due to applying the function along " + f"the wrong axis.\n" + f"Result {{0}} has shape: {{1}}\n" + f"Expected {{0}} shape: {{2}}" + ) + if not all(result.index.isin(data.index)): + raise ValueError(msg.format("index", result.index.shape, data.index.shape)) + if not all(result.columns.isin(data.columns)): + raise ValueError( + msg.format("columns", result.columns.shape, data.columns.shape) + ) + self._update_ctx(result) + return self + + @Substitution(subset=subset_args) + def apply( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: Axis | None = 0, + subset: Subset | None = None, + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + """ + Apply a CSS-styling function column-wise, row-wise, or table-wise. + + Updates the HTML representation with the result. + + Parameters + ---------- + func : function + ``func`` should take a Series if ``axis`` in [0,1] and return a list-like + object of same length, or a Series, not necessarily of same length, with + valid index labels considering ``subset``. + ``func`` should take a DataFrame if ``axis`` is ``None`` and return either + an ndarray with the same shape or a DataFrame, not necessarily of the same + shape, with valid index and columns labels considering ``subset``. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.3.0 + + .. versionchanged:: 1.4.0 + + axis : {0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns', None}, default 0 + Apply to each column (``axis=0`` or ``'index'``), to each row + (``axis=1`` or ``'columns'``), or to the entire DataFrame at once + with ``axis=None``. + %(subset)s + **kwargs : dict + Pass along to ``func``. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + See Also + -------- + Styler.map_index: Apply a CSS-styling function to headers elementwise. + Styler.apply_index: Apply a CSS-styling function to headers level-wise. + Styler.map: Apply a CSS-styling function elementwise. + + Notes + ----- + The elements of the output of ``func`` should be CSS styles as strings, in the + format 'attribute: value; attribute2: value2; ...' or, + if nothing is to be applied to that element, an empty string or ``None``. + + This is similar to ``DataFrame.apply``, except that ``axis=None`` + applies the function to the entire DataFrame at once, + rather than column-wise or row-wise. + + Examples + -------- + >>> def highlight_max(x, color): + ... return np.where(x == np.nanmax(x.to_numpy()), f"color: {color};", None) + >>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 2), columns=["A", "B"]) + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='red') # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='blue', axis=1) # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='green', axis=None) # doctest: +SKIP + + Using ``subset`` to restrict application to a single column or multiple columns + + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='red', subset="A") + ... # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='red', subset=["A", "B"]) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + + Using a 2d input to ``subset`` to select rows in addition to columns + + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='red', subset=([0, 1, 2], slice(None))) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.apply(highlight_max, color='red', subset=(slice(0, 5, 2), "A")) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + + Using a function which returns a Series / DataFrame of unequal length but + containing valid index labels + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4], [4, 6]], index=["A1", "A2", "Total"]) + >>> total_style = pd.Series("font-weight: bold;", index=["Total"]) + >>> df.style.apply(lambda s: total_style) # doctest: +SKIP + + See `Table Visualization <../../user_guide/style.ipynb>`_ user guide for + more details. + """ + self._todo.append( + (lambda instance: getattr(instance, "_apply"), (func, axis, subset), kwargs) + ) + return self + + def _apply_index( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: Axis = 0, + level: Level | list[Level] | None = None, + method: str = "apply", + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + axis = self.data._get_axis_number(axis) + obj = self.index if axis == 0 else self.columns + + levels_ = refactor_levels(level, obj) + data = DataFrame(obj.to_list()).loc[:, levels_] + + if method == "apply": + result = data.apply(func, axis=0, **kwargs) + elif method == "map": + result = data.map(func, **kwargs) + + self._update_ctx_header(result, axis) + return self + + @doc( + this="apply", + wise="level-wise", + alt="map", + altwise="elementwise", + func="take a Series and return a string array of the same length", + input_note="the index as a Series, if an Index, or a level of a MultiIndex", + output_note="an identically sized array of CSS styles as strings", + var="s", + ret='np.where(s == "B", "background-color: yellow;", "")', + ret2='["background-color: yellow;" if "x" in v else "" for v in s]', + ) + def apply_index( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: AxisInt | str = 0, + level: Level | list[Level] | None = None, + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + """ + Apply a CSS-styling function to the index or column headers, {wise}. + + Updates the HTML representation with the result. + + .. versionadded:: 1.4.0 + + .. versionadded:: 2.1.0 + Styler.applymap_index was deprecated and renamed to Styler.map_index. + + Parameters + ---------- + func : function + ``func`` should {func}. + axis : {{0, 1, "index", "columns"}} + The headers over which to apply the function. + level : int, str, list, optional + If index is MultiIndex the level(s) over which to apply the function. + **kwargs : dict + Pass along to ``func``. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + See Also + -------- + Styler.{alt}_index: Apply a CSS-styling function to headers {altwise}. + Styler.apply: Apply a CSS-styling function column-wise, row-wise, or table-wise. + Styler.map: Apply a CSS-styling function elementwise. + + Notes + ----- + Each input to ``func`` will be {input_note}. The output of ``func`` should be + {output_note}, in the format 'attribute: value; attribute2: value2; ...' + or, if nothing is to be applied to that element, an empty string or ``None``. + + Examples + -------- + Basic usage to conditionally highlight values in the index. + + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [3,4]], index=["A", "B"]) + >>> def color_b(s): + ... return {ret} + >>> df.style.{this}_index(color_b) # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/appmaphead1.png + + Selectively applying to specific levels of MultiIndex columns. + + >>> midx = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['ix', 'jy'], [0, 1], ['x3', 'z4']]) + >>> df = pd.DataFrame([np.arange(8)], columns=midx) + >>> def highlight_x({var}): + ... return {ret2} + >>> df.style.{this}_index(highlight_x, axis="columns", level=[0, 2]) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + + .. figure:: ../../_static/style/appmaphead2.png + """ + self._todo.append( + ( + lambda instance: getattr(instance, "_apply_index"), + (func, axis, level, "apply"), + kwargs, + ) + ) + return self + + @doc( + apply_index, + this="map", + wise="elementwise", + alt="apply", + altwise="level-wise", + func="take a scalar and return a string", + input_note="an index value, if an Index, or a level value of a MultiIndex", + output_note="CSS styles as a string", + var="v", + ret='"background-color: yellow;" if v == "B" else None', + ret2='"background-color: yellow;" if "x" in v else None', + ) + def map_index( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: AxisInt | str = 0, + level: Level | list[Level] | None = None, + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + self._todo.append( + ( + lambda instance: getattr(instance, "_apply_index"), + (func, axis, level, "map"), + kwargs, + ) + ) + return self + + def applymap_index( + self, + func: Callable, + axis: AxisInt | str = 0, + level: Level | list[Level] | None = None, + **kwargs, + ) -> Styler: + """ + Apply a CSS-styling function to the index or column headers, elementwise. + + .. deprecated:: 2.1.0 + + Styler.applymap_index has been deprecated. Use Styler.map_index instead. + + Parameters + ---------- + func : function + ``func`` should take a scalar and return a string. + axis : {{0, 1, "index", "columns"}} + The headers over which to apply the function. + level : int, str, list, optional + If index is MultiIndex the level(s) over which to apply the function. + **kwargs : dict + Pass along to ``func``. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + """ + warnings.warn( + "Styler.applymap_index has been deprecated. Use Styler.map_index instead.", + FutureWarning, + stacklevel=find_stack_level(), + ) + return self.map_index(func, axis, level, **kwargs) + + def _map(self, func: Callable, subset: Subset | None = None, **kwargs) -> Styler: + func = partial(func, **kwargs) # map doesn't take kwargs? + if subset is None: + subset = IndexSlice[:] + subset = non_reducing_slice(subset) + result = self.data.loc[subset].map(func) + self._update_ctx(result) + return self + + @Substitution(subset=subset_args) + def map(self, func: Callable, subset: Subset | None = None, **kwargs) -> Styler: + """ + Apply a CSS-styling function elementwise. + + Updates the HTML representation with the result. + + Parameters + ---------- + func : function + ``func`` should take a scalar and return a string. + %(subset)s + **kwargs : dict + Pass along to ``func``. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + See Also + -------- + Styler.map_index: Apply a CSS-styling function to headers elementwise. + Styler.apply_index: Apply a CSS-styling function to headers level-wise. + Styler.apply: Apply a CSS-styling function column-wise, row-wise, or table-wise. + + Notes + ----- + The elements of the output of ``func`` should be CSS styles as strings, in the + format 'attribute: value; attribute2: value2; ...' or, + if nothing is to be applied to that element, an empty string or ``None``. + + Examples + -------- + >>> def color_negative(v, color): + ... return f"color: {color};" if v < 0 else None + >>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 2), columns=["A", "B"]) + >>> df.style.map(color_negative, color='red') # doctest: +SKIP + + Using ``subset`` to restrict application to a single column or multiple columns + + >>> df.style.map(color_negative, color='red', subset="A") + ... # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.map(color_negative, color='red', subset=["A", "B"]) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + + Using a 2d input to ``subset`` to select rows in addition to columns + + >>> df.style.map(color_negative, color='red', + ... subset=([0,1,2], slice(None))) # doctest: +SKIP + >>> df.style.map(color_negative, color='red', subset=(slice(0,5,2), "A")) + ... # doctest: +SKIP + + See `Table Visualization <../../user_guide/style.ipynb>`_ user guide for + more details. + """ + self._todo.append( + (lambda instance: getattr(instance, "_map"), (func, subset), kwargs) + ) + return self + + @Substitution(subset=subset_args) + def applymap( + self, func: Callable, subset: Subset | None = None, **kwargs + ) -> Styler: + """ + Apply a CSS-styling function elementwise. + + .. deprecated:: 2.1.0 + + Styler.applymap has been deprecated. Use Styler.map instead. + + Parameters + ---------- + func : function + ``func`` should take a scalar and return a string. + %(subset)s + **kwargs : dict + Pass along to ``func``. + + Returns + ------- + Styler + """ + warnings.warn( + "Styler.applymap has been deprecated. Use Styler.map instead.", + FutureWarning, + stacklevel=find_stack_level(), + ) + return self.map(func, subset, **kwargs) + + def set_table_attributes(self, attributes: str) -> Styler: + """ + Set the table attributes added to the ```` HTML element. + + These are items in addition to automatic (by default) ``id`` attribute. + + Parameters + ---------- + attributes : str + + Returns + ------- + Styler + + See Also + -------- + Styler.set_table_styles: Set the table styles included within the ``