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# Copyright (c) 2017-present, Gregory Szorc
# All rights reserved.
#
# This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
# of the BSD license. See the LICENSE file for details.
"""Python interface to the Zstandard (zstd) compression library."""
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
# This module serves 2 roles:
#
# 1) Export the C or CFFI "backend" through a central module.
# 2) Implement additional functionality built on top of C or CFFI backend.
import builtins
import io
import os
import platform
from typing import ByteString
# Some Python implementations don't support C extensions. That's why we have
# a CFFI implementation in the first place. The code here import one of our
# "backends" then re-exports the symbols from this module. For convenience,
# we support falling back to the CFFI backend if the C extension can't be
# imported. But for performance reasons, we only do this on unknown Python
# implementation. Notably, for CPython we require the C extension by default.
# Because someone will inevitably want special behavior, the behavior is
# configurable via an environment variable. A potentially better way to handle
# this is to import a special ``__importpolicy__`` module or something
# defining a variable and `setup.py` could write the file with whatever
# policy was specified at build time. Until someone needs it, we go with
# the hacky but simple environment variable approach.
_module_policy = os.environ.get("PYTHON_ZSTANDARD_IMPORT_POLICY", "default")
if _module_policy == "default":
if platform.python_implementation() in ("CPython",):
from .backend_c import * # type: ignore
backend = "cext"
elif platform.python_implementation() in ("PyPy",):
from .backend_cffi import * # type: ignore
backend = "cffi"
else:
try:
from .backend_c import *
backend = "cext"
except ImportError:
from .backend_cffi import *
backend = "cffi"
elif _module_policy == "cffi_fallback":
try:
from .backend_c import *
backend = "cext"
except ImportError:
from .backend_cffi import *
backend = "cffi"
elif _module_policy == "rust":
from .backend_rust import * # type: ignore
backend = "rust"
elif _module_policy == "cext":
from .backend_c import *
backend = "cext"
elif _module_policy == "cffi":
from .backend_cffi import *
backend = "cffi"
else:
raise ImportError(
"unknown module import policy: %s; use default, cffi_fallback, "
"cext, or cffi" % _module_policy
)
# Keep this in sync with python-zstandard.h, rust-ext/src/lib.rs, and debian/changelog.
__version__ = "0.22.0"
_MODE_CLOSED = 0
_MODE_READ = 1
_MODE_WRITE = 2
def open(
filename,
mode="rb",
cctx=None,
dctx=None,
encoding=None,
errors=None,
newline=None,
closefd=None,
):
"""Create a file object with zstd (de)compression.
The object returned from this function will be a
:py:class:`ZstdDecompressionReader` if opened for reading in binary mode,
a :py:class:`ZstdCompressionWriter` if opened for writing in binary mode,
or an ``io.TextIOWrapper`` if opened for reading or writing in text mode.
:param filename:
``bytes``, ``str``, or ``os.PathLike`` defining a file to open or a
file object (with a ``read()`` or ``write()`` method).
:param mode:
``str`` File open mode. Accepts any of the open modes recognized by
``open()``.
:param cctx:
``ZstdCompressor`` to use for compression. If not specified and file
is opened for writing, the default ``ZstdCompressor`` will be used.
:param dctx:
``ZstdDecompressor`` to use for decompression. If not specified and file
is opened for reading, the default ``ZstdDecompressor`` will be used.
:param encoding:
``str`` that defines text encoding to use when file is opened in text
mode.
:param errors:
``str`` defining text encoding error handling mode.
:param newline:
``str`` defining newline to use in text mode.
:param closefd:
``bool`` whether to close the file when the returned object is closed.
Only used if a file object is passed. If a filename is specified, the
opened file is always closed when the returned object is closed.
"""
normalized_mode = mode.replace("t", "")
if normalized_mode in ("r", "rb"):
dctx = dctx or ZstdDecompressor()
open_mode = "r"
raw_open_mode = "rb"
elif normalized_mode in ("w", "wb", "a", "ab", "x", "xb"):
cctx = cctx or ZstdCompressor()
open_mode = "w"
raw_open_mode = normalized_mode
if not raw_open_mode.endswith("b"):
raw_open_mode = raw_open_mode + "b"
else:
raise ValueError("Invalid mode: {!r}".format(mode))
if hasattr(os, "PathLike"):
types = (str, bytes, os.PathLike)
else:
types = (str, bytes)
if isinstance(filename, types): # type: ignore
inner_fh = builtins.open(filename, raw_open_mode)
closefd = True
elif hasattr(filename, "read") or hasattr(filename, "write"):
inner_fh = filename
closefd = bool(closefd)
else:
raise TypeError(
"filename must be a str, bytes, file or PathLike object"
)
if open_mode == "r":
fh = dctx.stream_reader(inner_fh, closefd=closefd)
elif open_mode == "w":
fh = cctx.stream_writer(inner_fh, closefd=closefd)
else:
raise RuntimeError("logic error in zstandard.open() handling open mode")
if "b" not in normalized_mode:
return io.TextIOWrapper(
fh, encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline
)
else:
return fh
def compress(data: ByteString, level: int = 3) -> bytes:
"""Compress source data using the zstd compression format.
This performs one-shot compression using basic/default compression
settings.
This method is provided for convenience and is equivalent to calling
``ZstdCompressor(level=level).compress(data)``.
If you find yourself calling this function in a tight loop,
performance will be greater if you construct a single ``ZstdCompressor``
and repeatedly call ``compress()`` on it.
"""
cctx = ZstdCompressor(level=level)
return cctx.compress(data)
def decompress(data: ByteString, max_output_size: int = 0) -> bytes:
"""Decompress a zstd frame into its original data.
This performs one-shot decompression using basic/default compression
settings.
This method is provided for convenience and is equivalent to calling
``ZstdDecompressor().decompress(data, max_output_size=max_output_size)``.
If you find yourself calling this function in a tight loop, performance
will be greater if you construct a single ``ZstdDecompressor`` and
repeatedly call ``decompress()`` on it.
"""
dctx = ZstdDecompressor()
return dctx.decompress(data, max_output_size=max_output_size)