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README.md
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---
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# SMOL
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SMOL (Set for Maximal Overall Leverage) is a collection
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translations into 221 Low-Resource Languages, for the purpose of training
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translation models, and otherwise increasing the representations of said
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languages in NLP and technology.
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There are four resources in this directory:
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* **
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* **
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* **SmolDoc-factuality-annotations:** factuality annotations and rationales
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for 661 documents from `SmolDoc`
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## Data schemata
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The schemata are pretty straightforward. Source and Target
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provided in `sl` and `tl` fields. The `is_src_orig` field has a value
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of `true` if the source text was the original text, and the target field
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was translated, and avalue of `false` if the data is back-translated.
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-
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### GATITOS
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GATITOS has a one-to-many schema, with each source mapping to one or more targets:
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}
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```
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-
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### SmolDoc
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SmolDoc provides sentence-split and aligned translations through the `srcs` and `trgs` fields. These will always have the same length.
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'is_src_orig': True,
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'factuality': 'ok', # this is a story so there is no factual claim that could be wrong
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'srcs': ['"What the hell are you doing, you idiot?!"',
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'"Excuse me?"',
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'"You cut me off! You almost made me crash!"',
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'"I'm sorry, I didn't mean to. I was just trying to get around that slow-moving truck."',
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'"Well, you could have at least used your turn signal!"',
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'"I did use my turn signal!"',
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'"No, you didn't! You just pulled right out in front of me!"',
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'"I'm telling you, I used my turn signal!"',
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'"Whatever. You're still a terrible driver."',
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'"And you're a jerk!"',
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'"At least I know how to drive!"',
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'"Oh, yeah? Well, I'm a better writer than you are!"',
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'"That's debatable."',
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'"Well, you've heard of me now!"',
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'"Yeah, I heard of you."'],
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'trgs': ['"Wetin di hell dey do, yu idiot?!"',
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'"Ekskuse mi?"',
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'"Yu komot mi! Yu almost make mi krash!"',
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'"I dey sorry, I nor wont do am. I just dey try get around dat truk wey slow."',
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'"Well, yu for don yus yor turn sign!"',
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```
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### SmolDoc factuality
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The factuality map contains the per-document ratings for each of the three
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in both directions, so e.g. this table lists only `en_ay`, but reversed `ay_en`
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data is also released.
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LP | Target Language Name | ISO 15924 Script | Continent | Endonym | Alternate names | N Smoldoc | N SmolSent | N Gatitos |
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am_ar | Arabic | Arab | Asia | اللُّغَة العَرَبِيّة | Arabic (MSA); Arabic (Standard); Arabic (Fusha) | 329 | 0 | 0 |
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am_zh | Mandarin Chinese | Hans | Asia | 汉语 | | 329 | 0 | 0 |
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en_aa | Afar | Latn | Africa | Qafar | | 66 | 863 | 3990 |
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en_ab | Abkhaz | Cyrl | Asia | Аҧсуа | Abkhazian | 0 | 0 | 3976 |
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en_ace | Acehnese | Latn | Asia | Aceh | Achinese; Dayan; Aceh | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_ach | Acholi | Latn | Africa | Acholi | Luo; Acoli | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
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en_ady | West Circassian
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en_aeb | Tunisian Arabic | Arab | Africa | اللغة العربيّة التونسيّة | Arabic (Tunisia); Tounsi | 66 | 862 | 3998 |
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en_af | Afrikaans | Latn | Africa | Afrikaans | | 130 | 863 | 0 |
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en_ahr | Ahirani | Deva | Asia | खान्देशी, अहिराणी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_aii | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Syrc | Asia | ܣܘܪܝܬ | Assyrian; Assyrian Neo–Aramaic; Sureth; Suret | 0 | 0 | 3717 |
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en_ak | Twi | Latn | Africa | Twi | Akan (includes Akuapem + Fante); Asante | 260 | 863 | 4000 |
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en_alz | Alur | Latn | Africa | Lur | | 66 | 863 | 3992 |
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en_am | Amharic | Ethi | Africa | አማርኛ | | 584 | 863 | 0 |
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en_apc | North Levantine Arabic | Arab | Asia | شامي | | 0 | 0 | 3998 |
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en_apd | Sudanese Arabic | Arab | Africa | عربي سوداني | Arabic (Sudan) |
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en_ar-MA | Morrocan Arabic | Arab | Africa | الدارجة | Arabic (Morocco); Darija | 260 | 863 | 3989 |
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en_arn | Mapudungun | Latn | Americas | Mapudungun | Mapuche | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_arz | Egyptian Arabic | Arab | Africa | اللهجة المصرية | Arabic (Egypt); Masri; Masry | 260 | 863 | 4001 |
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en_as | Assamese | Beng | Asia | অসমীয়া | | 0 | 0 | 3975 |
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en_av | Avar | Cyrl | Europe | магӏарул мацӏ | Avaric | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_awa | Awadhi | Deva | Asia | अवधी | Audhi | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
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en_ay | Aymara | Latn | Americas | Aymar aru | | 0 | 863 | 3990 |
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en_ayl | Libyan Arabic | Arab | Africa | العربية الليبية | Arabic (Libya); Sulaimitian Arabic | 66 | 863 | 3999 |
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en_ba | Bashkir | Cyrl | Europe | Башҡорт |
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en_bal | Baluchi | Arab | Asia | بلوچی | Balochi | 0 | 0 | 3994 |
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en_ban | Balinese | Latn | Asia | Basa Bali | | 0 | 0 | 3992 |
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en_bbc | Batak Toba | Latn | Asia | Batak Toba | | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
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en_bci | Baoulé | Latn | Africa | wawle | Baoule; Baule | 66 | 863 | 3998 |
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en_bem | Bemba (Zambia) | Latn | Africa | Ichibemba | Bemba; chiBemba | 66 | 863 | 3977 |
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en_ber | Tamazight (Tifinagh Script) | Tfng | Africa | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ | Berber; Amazigh | 130 | 862 | 4000 |
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en_ber-Latn | Tamazight (Latin Script) | Latn | Africa | Tamaziɣt | Tamazight; Berber; Amazigh | 130 | 862 | 4001 |
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en_bew | Betawi | Latn | Asia | Betawi | Betawi Malay; Jakartan Malay; Batavian Malay | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_bfq | Badaga | Taml | Asia | படக | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_bfy | Bagheli | Deva | Asia | बघेली | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_bgq | Bagri | Deva | Asia | बागड़ी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_bho | Bhojpuri | Deva | Asia | भोजपुरी | | 0 | 0 | 3991 |
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en_bik | Bikol | Latn | Asia | Sentral Bikol | Bicol; Bicolano | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
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en_bjn | Banjar | Latn | Asia | Banjar | Banjarese | 0 | 0 | 3996 |
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en_bjn-Arab | Banjar (Arabic script) | Arab | Asia | بنجر; ڤندير بنجر | | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
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en_bm | Bambara | Latn | Africa | Bámánánkán | | 260 | 863 | 4000 |
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en_bns | Bundeli | Deva | Asia | बुन्देली | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
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en_bo | Tibetan | Tibt | Asia | བོད་མི།; བོད་ཀྱི།; བོད་སྐད།; བོད་ཡིག། | Lhasa Tibetan; Standard Tibetan; Baykha; Kham; Baykay | 0 | 863 | 3994 |
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en_br | Breton | Latn | Europe | brezhoneg |
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en_bra | Braj | Deva | Asia | ब्रजभाषा | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_brx | Bodo (India) | Deva | Asia | बोडो | Bodo; Boro | 0 | 863 | 3994 |
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en_bts | Batak Simalungun | Latn | Asia | Bahasa Simalungun | Simalungun; Simalungunese | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
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en_btx | Batak Karo | Latn | Asia | Batak Karo | Karonese; Karo; Bahasa Karo | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
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en_bua | Buryat | Cyrl | Asia | Буряад | | 0 | 0 | 3976 |
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en_bug | Buginese | Latn | Asia | basa Ugi | | 0 | 0 | 3759 |
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en_ccp-Latn | Chakma (Latin script) | Latn | Asia | Changhma Bhach | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
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en_ce | Chechen | Cyrl | Europe | Нохчийн | | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
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en_cgg | Kiga | Latn | Africa | Kiga | Chiga; Orukiga; Rukiga; Ruchiga | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
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en_ch | Chamorro | Latn | Oceania | Finuʼ Chamoru | CHamoru | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_chk | Chuukese | Latn | Oceania | Trukese | Trukese | 0 | 0 | 3889 |
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en_chm | Meadow Mari | Cyrl | Asia | олык марий | Eastern Mari | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
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en_ckb | Kurdish (Sorani) | Arab | Asia | سۆرانی | Central Kurdish; Sorani | 0 |
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en_cnh | Hakha Chin | Latn | Asia | Laica | Zomi; Laiholh; Lai | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
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en_crh | Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script) | Cyrl | Europe | Крымскотатарский | Crimean Tatar | 0 | 0 | 3990 |
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en_crh-Latn | Crimean Tatar (Latin script) | Latn | Europe | qırımtatar tili | | 0 | 0 | 3990 |
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en_crs | Seychellois Creole | Latn | Africa | kreol seselwa | kreol; Seselwa Creole French | 0 | 0 | 3989 |
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en_ctg | Chittagonian | Beng | Asia | Chittagonian | | 0 | 0 | 3996 |
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en_cv | Chuvash | Cyrl | Europe | Чăваш | | 0 | 0 | 3985 |
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en_dhd | Dhundari | Deva | Asia | ढूंढाड़ी | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
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en_din | Dinka | Latn | Africa | Thuɔŋjäŋ | | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
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## Notes on language codes and names
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* **rom**: Similarly, we use `rom` for all Romani dialects, `ak` for Twi (see note above), and `ff` for all Fulfulde dialects.
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* **fa-AF,ar-MA**: We use `fa-AF` and `ar-MA` for Dari and Darija respectively. The specific codes `prs` and `ary` are probably more precise.
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Please note that the language name can be a point of considerable tension, and
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there is rarely a "right" name for a language! This said, here are some
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non-exhaustive notes that went into the names in the second column above, based
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* The Manx (`gv`) split of GATITOS that was originally released was spurious.
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It has been removed.
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### Citations
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To cite SMOL and GATITOS, please use the following:
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```
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@misc{caswell2025smol,
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title={SMOL: Professionally translated parallel data for 115 under-represented languages},
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author={Isaac Caswell and Elizabeth Nielsen and Jiaming Luo and Colin Cherry and Geza Kovacs and Hadar Shemtov and Partha Talukdar and Dinesh Tewari and Baba Mamadi Diane and Koulako Moussa Doumbouya and Djibrila Diane and Solo Farabado Cissé},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2502.12301},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12301},
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}
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@
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}
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```
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### Contact
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We welcome contributions, corrections, and suggestions, especially from speakers
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of these languages. If you speak any of these languages and notice quality
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issues, please file bugs on this repo or contact
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{icaswell, eknielsen}꩜google.com. This
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repository may be updated sporadically with corrections or additional
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translations.
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## License
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This data is released under cc-by-4.0
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---
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# SMOL
|
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|
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+
SMOL (Set for Maximal Overall Leverage) is a collection professional
|
1673 |
translations into 221 Low-Resource Languages, for the purpose of training
|
1674 |
translation models, and otherwise increasing the representations of said
|
1675 |
languages in NLP and technology.
|
|
|
1680 |
|
1681 |
There are four resources in this directory:
|
1682 |
|
1683 |
+
|
1684 |
+
* **SmolDoc:** document-level translations into 104 language pairs (103 unique languages)
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+
* **SmolSent:** sentence-level translations into 90 language pairs (91 unique languages)
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+
* **GATITOS:** token-level translations into 179 language pairs (180 unique languages)
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* **SmolDoc-factuality-annotations:** factuality annotations and rationales
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for 661 documents from `SmolDoc`
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+
_If a dataset has `en_xx` and `xx_yy` language pairs, the language pairs are {`en_xx`, `xx_yy`} and the unique languages are {`en`, `xx`, `yy`}_
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+
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## Volunteer contributions
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Although the first 113 SMOL languages were commissioned by professional
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translation vendors, there have been many volunteer contributions since!
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+
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1697 |
+
* Cantonese (`yue`): Led by Mingfei Lau and Jonathan Eng; contribution by Tsz Yan Au, Emily Awesome, Jason Chan, Siu Man Chan, Vicky Chan, Yiwang Chen, Kinton Cheung, Mingo Choi, Andy Chow, Ashley Chow, Olivia Chow, Daniel (Ying Wai) Fan, Thomas Fung, Vikki Ha, Joshua Kwong, Liam Lee Pong Lam, Jonas Lau, Ying Tung (Grace) Law, Crystal Lee, Aki Leung, Derek Leung, Jackie Leung, Thomas Leung, Mu Li, Alicia Liu, Malena Loosli, Chui McConnell, Ken Ng, Nicholas Ng, Tonia Shen, Helen Shum, Franky Sze, Eric Tang, Tommy Tse, Daniel Wong, Danny Wong, Maggie Wong, Pinki Wong, Jeffrey Yu, Shanelle Yu, Shing Fung Yue, Miranda Zhang, and Willis Zhang
|
1698 |
+
* Ligurian (`lij`): Alessandro Guasoni, Edoardo Ferrante, and the [Conseggio Ligure](https://conseggio-ligure.org/)
|
1699 |
+
* NKo (`nqo`): Baba Mamadi Diane; Koulako Moussa Doumbouya; Djibrila Diane Solo; Farabado Cissé
|
1700 |
+
* Zarma (`dje`): Ismael Illa Salifou, Mariama Ibrahim Oumarou, Nafissatou Issa Oumarou, Christopher Homan, and Mamadou K. Keita.
|
1701 |
+
* Russian (`ru`): Volunteers led by Ali Kuzhuget
|
1702 |
+
* Tuvan (`tyv`): Volunteers led by Ali Kuzhuget
|
1703 |
+
* Gilaki (`glk`): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
|
1704 |
+
* Hawrami (`hac`): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
|
1705 |
+
* Sorani (`ckb`): Volunteers led by Sina Ahmadi
|
1706 |
+
* Kokborok (`trp`): Volunteers led by Sudhamoy DebBarma
|
1707 |
+
* Indonesian (`id`): Post-edits by Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi and David Anugraha
|
1708 |
|
1709 |
## Data schemata
|
1710 |
|
1711 |
+
The schemata are pretty straightforward. Source and Target language are
|
1712 |
provided in `sl` and `tl` fields. The `is_src_orig` field has a value
|
1713 |
of `true` if the source text was the original text, and the target field
|
1714 |
was translated, and avalue of `false` if the data is back-translated.
|
1715 |
|
1716 |
|
|
|
1717 |
### GATITOS
|
1718 |
|
1719 |
GATITOS has a one-to-many schema, with each source mapping to one or more targets:
|
|
|
1742 |
}
|
1743 |
```
|
1744 |
|
|
|
1745 |
### SmolDoc
|
1746 |
|
1747 |
SmolDoc provides sentence-split and aligned translations through the `srcs` and `trgs` fields. These will always have the same length.
|
|
|
1754 |
'is_src_orig': True,
|
1755 |
'factuality': 'ok', # this is a story so there is no factual claim that could be wrong
|
1756 |
'srcs': ['"What the hell are you doing, you idiot?!"',
|
1757 |
+
'"Excuse me?"',
|
1758 |
+
'"You cut me off! You almost made me crash!"',
|
1759 |
'"I'm sorry, I didn't mean to. I was just trying to get around that slow-moving truck."',
|
1760 |
'"Well, you could have at least used your turn signal!"',
|
1761 |
'"I did use my turn signal!"',
|
1762 |
'"No, you didn't! You just pulled right out in front of me!"',
|
1763 |
'"I'm telling you, I used my turn signal!"',
|
1764 |
'"Whatever. You're still a terrible driver."',
|
1765 |
+
'"And you're a jerk!"',
|
1766 |
'"At least I know how to drive!"',
|
1767 |
'"Oh, yeah? Well, I'm a better writer than you are!"',
|
1768 |
'"That's debatable."',
|
|
|
1773 |
'"Well, you've heard of me now!"',
|
1774 |
'"Yeah, I heard of you."'],
|
1775 |
'trgs': ['"Wetin di hell dey do, yu idiot?!"',
|
1776 |
+
'"Ekskuse mi?"',
|
1777 |
'"Yu komot mi! Yu almost make mi krash!"',
|
1778 |
'"I dey sorry, I nor wont do am. I just dey try get around dat truk wey slow."',
|
1779 |
'"Well, yu for don yus yor turn sign!"',
|
|
|
1795 |
```
|
1796 |
|
1797 |
|
1798 |
+
|
1799 |
+
|
1800 |
### SmolDoc factuality
|
1801 |
|
1802 |
The factuality map contains the per-document ratings for each of the three
|
|
|
1866 |
in both directions, so e.g. this table lists only `en_ay`, but reversed `ay_en`
|
1867 |
data is also released.
|
1868 |
|
1869 |
+
LP | Target Language Name | ISO 639-3 | ISO 15924 Script | Continent | Endonym | Alternate names | N Smoldoc | N SmolSent | N Gatitos |
|
1870 |
+
---|----------------------|------------------|-----------------|-----------|---------|-----------------|-----------|------------|-----------|
|
1871 |
+
am_ar | Arabic | ara | Arab | Asia | اللُّغَة العَرَبِيّة | Arabic (MSA); Arabic (Standard); Arabic (Fusha); fuṣḥā; MSA | 329 | 0 | 0 |
|
1872 |
+
am_zh | Mandarin Chinese | zho | Hans | Asia | 汉语 | | 329 | 0 | 0 |
|
1873 |
+
en_aa | Afar | aar | Latn | Africa | Qafar | | 66 | 863 | 3990 |
|
1874 |
+
en_ab | Abkhaz | abk | Cyrl | Asia | Аҧсуа | Abkhazian | 0 | 0 | 3976 |
|
1875 |
+
en_ace | Acehnese | ace | Latn | Asia | Aceh | Achinese; Dayan; Aceh | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1876 |
+
en_ach | Acholi | ach | Latn | Africa | Acholi | Luo; Acoli | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1877 |
+
en_ady | West Circassian | ady | Cyrl | Europe | Черкес | Adyghe | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1878 |
+
en_aeb | Tunisian Arabic | aeb | Arab | Africa | اللغة العربيّة التونسيّة | Arabic (Tunisia); Tounsi | 66 | 862 | 3998 |
|
1879 |
+
en_af | Afrikaans | afr | Latn | Africa | Afrikaans | | 130 | 863 | 0 |
|
1880 |
+
en_ahr | Ahirani | ahr | Deva | Asia | खान्देशी, अहिराणी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1881 |
+
en_aii | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | aii | Syrc | Asia | ܣܘܪܝܬ | Assyrian; Assyrian Neo–Aramaic; Sureth; Suret | 0 | 0 | 3717 |
|
1882 |
+
en_ak | Twi | aka | Latn | Africa | Twi | Akan (includes Akuapem + Fante); Asante | 260 | 863 | 4000 |
|
1883 |
+
en_alz | Alur | alz | Latn | Africa | Lur | | 66 | 863 | 3992 |
|
1884 |
+
en_am | Amharic | amh | Ethi | Africa | አማርኛ | | 584 | 863 | 0 |
|
1885 |
+
en_apc | North Levantine Arabic | apc | Arab | Asia | شامي | | 0 | 0 | 3998 |
|
1886 |
+
en_apd | Sudanese Arabic | apd | Arab | Africa | عربي سوداني | Arabic (Sudan) | 66 | 855 | 3995 |
|
1887 |
+
en_ar-MA | Morrocan Arabic | ara | Arab | Africa | الدارجة | Arabic (Morocco); Darija | 260 | 863 | 3989 |
|
1888 |
+
en_arn | Mapudungun | arn | Latn | Americas | Mapudungun | Mapuche | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1889 |
+
en_arz | Egyptian Arabic | arz | Arab | Africa | اللهجة المصرية | Arabic (Egypt); Masri; Masry | 260 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1890 |
+
en_as | Assamese | asm | Beng | Asia | অসমীয়া | | 0 | 0 | 3975 |
|
1891 |
+
en_av | Avar | ava | Cyrl | Europe | магӏарул мацӏ | Avaric | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1892 |
+
en_awa | Awadhi | awa | Deva | Asia | अवधी | Audhi | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1893 |
+
en_ay | Aymara | aym | Latn | Americas | Aymar aru | | 0 | 863 | 3990 |
|
1894 |
+
en_ayl | Libyan Arabic | ayl | Arab | Africa | العربية الليبية | Arabic (Libya); Sulaimitian Arabic | 66 | 863 | 3999 |
|
1895 |
+
en_ba | Bashkir | bak | Cyrl | Europe | Башҡорт | Bashkort | 0 | 0 | 3986 |
|
1896 |
+
en_bal | Baluchi | bal | Arab | Asia | بلوچی | Balochi | 0 | 0 | 3994 |
|
1897 |
+
en_ban | Balinese | ban | Latn | Asia | Basa Bali | | 0 | 0 | 3992 |
|
1898 |
+
en_bbc | Batak Toba | bbc | Latn | Asia | Batak Toba | | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
|
1899 |
+
en_bci | Baoulé | bci | Latn | Africa | wawle | Baoule; Baule | 66 | 863 | 3998 |
|
1900 |
+
en_bem | Bemba (Zambia) | bem | Latn | Africa | Ichibemba | Bemba; chiBemba | 66 | 863 | 3977 |
|
1901 |
+
en_ber | Tamazight (Tifinagh Script) | ber | Tfng | Africa | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ | Berber; Amazigh | 130 | 862 | 4000 |
|
1902 |
+
en_ber-Latn | Tamazight (Latin Script) | ber | Latn | Africa | Tamaziɣt | Tamazight; Berber; Amazigh | 130 | 862 | 4001 |
|
1903 |
+
en_bew | Betawi | bew | Latn | Asia | Betawi | Betawi Malay; Jakartan Malay; Batavian Malay | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1904 |
+
en_bfq | Badaga | bfq | Taml | Asia | படக | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1905 |
+
en_bfy | Bagheli | bfy | Deva | Asia | बघेली | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1906 |
+
en_bgq | Bagri | bgq | Deva | Asia | बागड़ी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1907 |
+
en_bho | Bhojpuri | bho | Deva | Asia | भोजपुरी | | 0 | 0 | 3991 |
|
1908 |
+
en_bik | Bikol | bcl | Latn | Asia | Sentral Bikol | Bicol; Bicolano | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
|
1909 |
+
en_bjn | Banjar | bjn | Latn | Asia | Banjar | Banjarese | 0 | 0 | 3996 |
|
1910 |
+
en_bjn-Arab | Banjar (Arabic script) | bjn | Arab | Asia | بنجر; ڤندير بنجر | | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1911 |
+
en_bm | Bambara | bam | Latn | Africa | Bámánánkán | | 260 | 863 | 4000 |
|
1912 |
+
en_bns | Bundeli | bns | Deva | Asia | बुन्देली | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
|
1913 |
+
en_bo | Tibetan | bod | Tibt | Asia | བོད་མི།; བོད་ཀྱི།; བོད་སྐད།; བོད་ཡིག། | Lhasa Tibetan; Standard Tibetan; Baykha; Kham; Baykay | 0 | 863 | 3994 |
|
1914 |
+
en_br | Breton | bre | Latn | Europe | brezhoneg | Brezhoneg | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1915 |
+
en_bra | Braj | bra | Deva | Asia | ब्रजभाषा | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1916 |
+
en_brx | Bodo (India) | brx | Deva | Asia | बोडो | Bodo; Boro | 0 | 863 | 3994 |
|
1917 |
+
en_bts | Batak Simalungun | bts | Latn | Asia | Bahasa Simalungun | Simalungun; Simalungunese | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1918 |
+
en_btx | Batak Karo | btx | Latn | Asia | Batak Karo | Karonese; Karo; Bahasa Karo | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
|
1919 |
+
en_bua | Buryat | bua | Cyrl | Asia | Буряад | | 0 | 0 | 3976 |
|
1920 |
+
en_bug | Buginese | bug | Latn | Asia | basa Ugi | | 0 | 0 | 3759 |
|
1921 |
+
en_ccp-Latn | Chakma (Latin script) | ccp | Latn | Asia | Changhma Bhach | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1922 |
+
en_ce | Chechen | che | Cyrl | Europe | Нохчийн | | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
|
1923 |
+
en_cgg | Kiga | cgg | Latn | Africa | Kiga | Chiga; Orukiga; Rukiga; Ruchiga | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1924 |
+
en_ch | Chamorro | cha | Latn | Oceania | Finuʼ Chamoru | CHamoru | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1925 |
+
en_chk | Chuukese | chk | Latn | Oceania | Trukese | Trukese | 0 | 0 | 3889 |
|
1926 |
+
en_chm | Meadow Mari | chm | Cyrl | Asia | олык марий | Eastern Mari | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1927 |
+
en_ckb | Kurdish (Sorani) | ckb | Arab | Asia | سۆرانی | Central Kurdish; Sorani | 0 | 863 | 3986 |
|
1928 |
+
en_cnh | Hakha Chin | cnh | Latn | Asia | Laica | Zomi; Laiholh; Lai | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1929 |
+
en_crh | Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script) | crh | Cyrl | Europe | Крымскотатарский | Crimean Tatar | 0 | 0 | 3990 |
|
1930 |
+
en_crh-Latn | Crimean Tatar (Latin script) | crh | Latn | Europe | qırımtatar tili | | 0 | 0 | 3990 |
|
1931 |
+
en_crs | Seychellois Creole | crs | Latn | Africa | kreol seselwa | kreol; Seselwa Creole French | 0 | 0 | 3989 |
|
1932 |
+
en_ctg | Chittagonian | ctg | Beng | Asia | Chittagonian | | 0 | 0 | 3996 |
|
1933 |
+
en_cv | Chuvash | chv | Cyrl | Europe | Чăваш | | 0 | 0 | 3985 |
|
1934 |
+
en_dhd | Dhundari | dhd | Deva | Asia | ढूंढाड़ी | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
|
1935 |
+
en_din | Dinka | din | Latn | Africa | Thuɔŋjäŋ | | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1936 |
+
en_dje | Zarma | dje | Latn | Africa | | | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1937 |
+
en_doi | Dogri | doi | Deva | Asia | डोगरी | | 454 | 0 | 3997 |
|
1938 |
+
en_dov | Dombe | dov | Latn | Africa | ChiDombe | Chidombe; Zambezi; Tonga | 66 | 863 | 3998 |
|
1939 |
+
en_dv | Dhivehi | div | Thaa | Asia | ދިވެހި | Maldivian, Divehi | 0 | 0 | 3973 |
|
1940 |
+
en_dyu | Dyula | dyu | Latn | Africa | Julakan | Dioula; Jula | 66 | 863 | 3997 |
|
1941 |
+
en_dz | Dzongkha | dzo | Tibt | Asia | རྫོང་ཁ | Bhutanese | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
|
1942 |
+
en_ee | Ewe | ewe | Latn | Africa | Eʋegbe | | 130 | 863 | 3990 |
|
1943 |
+
en_efi | Efik | efi | Latn | Africa | Usem mbom Efik; Ikɔ-efik | | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1944 |
+
en_es | Spanish | spa | Latn | Europe | español, castellano | | 0 | 863 | 3991 |
|
1945 |
+
en_fa-AF | Dari | fas | Arab | Asia | دری | Persian (Afghanistan) | 0 | 0 | 4000 |
|
1946 |
+
en_ff | Fulani | ful | Latn | Africa | Fulɓe; Fulfulde; Pular; Pulaar | Fulfulde; Fula; Fulah; Pular; Pulaar; Peul (French) | 260 | 862 | 3998 |
|
1947 |
+
en_fj | Fijian | fij | Latn | Oceania | Vosa Vaka-Viti | Bauan | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1948 |
+
en_fo | Faroese | fao | Latn | Europe | Føroysk | | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1949 |
+
en_fon | Fon | fon | Latn | Africa | fɔ̀ngbè; fongbē | | 66 | 863 | 3998 |
|
1950 |
+
en_fr | French | fra | Latn | Europe | français | | 0 | 0 | 3998 |
|
1951 |
+
en_fr-CA | French (Canada) | | Latn | Americas | français canadien | | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1952 |
+
en_fur | Friulian | fur | Latn | Europe | Furlan | | 0 | 0 | 3985 |
|
1953 |
+
en_gaa | Ga | gaa | Latn | Africa | Gã | | 66 | 863 | 4000 |
|
1954 |
+
en_glk | Gilaki | glk | Arab | Asia | گيلکي | | 0 | 863 | 0 |
|
1955 |
+
en_gn | Guarani | grn | Latn | Americas | avañeʼẽ | | 0 | 863 | 3991 |
|
1956 |
+
en_gom | Goan Konkani | gom | Deva | Asia | कोंकणी | | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1957 |
+
en_grt-Latn | Garo (Latin script) | grt | Latn | Asia | A·chikku | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1958 |
+
en_gv | Manx | glv | Latn | Europe | Gaelg | Gaelic | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1959 |
+
en_ha | Hausa | hau | Latn | Africa | Hausa | | 584 | 863 | 0 |
|
1960 |
+
en_hac | Hawrami | hac | Arab | Asia | ھەورامی | Gurani | 0 | 863 | 0 |
|
1961 |
+
en_hi | Hindi | hin | Deva | Asia | हिन्दी | | 0 | 0 | 3984 |
|
1962 |
+
en_hil | Hiligaynon | hil | Latn | Asia | Hiligaynon | Ilonggo; Binisaya; Bisaya nga Hiniligaynon; Inilonggo | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1963 |
+
en_hne | Chhattisgarhi | hne | Deva | Asia | छत्तीसगढ़ी | | 0 | 0 | 4000 |
|
1964 |
+
en_hoc-Wara | Ho (Warang Chiti script) | hoc | Wara | Asia | 𑢹𑣉𑣉 𑣎𑣋𑣜 | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1965 |
+
en_hrx | Hunsrik | hrx | Latn | Americas | Hunsrik | Riograndenser Hunsrik | 0 | 0 | 3932 |
|
1966 |
+
en_iba | Iban | iba | Latn | Asia | Iban | Sea Dayak | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
|
1967 |
+
en_id | Indonesian | ind | Latn | Asia | Bahasa Indonesia | | 0 | 863 | 0 |
|
1968 |
+
en_ig | Igbo | ibo | Latn | Africa | Asụsụ Igbo | | 391 | 863 | 0 |
|
1969 |
+
en_ilo | Ilocano | ilo | Latn | Asia | Iloko | Iloko; Ilokano | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
|
1970 |
+
en_is | Icelandic | isl | Latn | Europe | Íslenska | | 0 | 863 | 3995 |
|
1971 |
+
en_iso | Isoko | iso | Latn | Africa | Isoko | | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1972 |
+
en_iu | Inuktut (Syllabics) | iku | Cans | Americas | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ | Inuktitut; Inuktut | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1973 |
+
en_iu-Latn | Inuktut (Latin) | iku | Latn | Americas | Inuktut | Inuktitut; Inuktut | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1974 |
+
en_jam | Jamaican Patois | jam | Latn | Americas | Patwa | Patois; Jamaican Creole English | 0 | 0 | 3996 |
|
1975 |
+
en_kaa | Karakalpak | kaa | Cyrl | Asia | Қарақалпақ; Қарақалпақша | Kara-Kalpak; Qaraqalpaq | 0 | 0 | 3970 |
|
1976 |
+
en_kac | Jingpo | kac | Latn | Asia | Jinghpaw | Kachin; Jingpho; Jingphaw; Wunpawng | 0 | 0 | 3941 |
|
1977 |
+
en_kbd | East Circassian | kbd | Cyrl | Europe | Къэбэрдей; Адыгэ | Kabardian | 0 | 0 | 3976 |
|
1978 |
+
en_kek | Q'eqchi' | kek | Latn | Americas | Qʼeqchiʼ | Kekchi; Kekchi'; Kekchí | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1979 |
+
en_kfy | Kumaoni | kfy | Deva | Asia | कुमाऊँनी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1980 |
+
en_kg | Kongo | kon | Latn | Africa | Kikongo | Kikongo | 66 | 863 | 3998 |
|
1981 |
+
en_kha | Khasi | kha | Latn | Asia | khasi | Khasian | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
1982 |
+
en_ki | Kikuyu | kik | Latn | Africa | Gĩgĩkũyũ | Gikuyu | 66 | 863 | 3994 |
|
1983 |
+
en_kl | Kalaallisut | kal | Latn | Americas | Kalaallisut | Greenlandic | 0 | 863 | 3943 |
|
1984 |
+
en_kr | Kanuri | kau | Latn | Africa | Kànùrí | | 66 | 863 | 4000 |
|
1985 |
+
en_kri | Krio | kri | Latn | Africa | Krio | | 130 | 863 | 4020 |
|
1986 |
+
en_kru | Kurukh | kru | Deva | Asia | कुँड़ुख़ | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1987 |
+
en_ks | Kashmiri | kas | Arab | Asia | كٲشُر | Koshur | 0 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1988 |
+
en_ks-Deva | Kashmiri (Devanagari script) | kas | Deva | Asia | कॉशुर | Koshur | 0 | 863 | 4001 |
|
1989 |
+
en_ktu | Kituba (DRC) | ktu | Latn | Africa | Kituba | Kituba | 66 | 863 | 3999 |
|
1990 |
+
en_kv | Komi | kom | Cyrl | Asia | Коми | Zyryan; Komi-Zyryan | 0 | 0 | 3980 |
|
1991 |
+
en_lep | Lepcha | lep | Lepc | Asia | ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
|
1992 |
+
en_lg | Luganda | lug | Latn | Africa | Oluganda | Ganda | 260 | 863 | 3998 |
|
1993 |
+
en_li | Limburgish | lim | Latn | Europe | Limburgs | Limburgian; Limburg; Limburgs | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
1994 |
+
en_lif-Limb | Limbu (Limbu script) | lif | Limb | Asia | ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
1995 |
+
en_lij | Ligurian | lij | Latn | Europe | Ligure | Genoese | 66 | 863 | 4332 |
|
1996 |
+
en_lmo | Lombard | lmo | Latn | Europe | lombard | | 0 | 0 | 3983 |
|
1997 |
+
en_ln | Lingala | lin | Latn | Africa | Lingála | Ngala | 260 | 863 | 3994 |
|
1998 |
+
en_ltg | Latgalian | ltg | Latn | Europe | latgalīšu | | 0 | 0 | 3984 |
|
1999 |
+
en_lu | Kiluba (Luba-Katanga) | lub | Latn | Africa | Kiluba | Luba-Katanga; Luba; Tshiluba | 66 | 863 | 0 |
|
2000 |
+
en_lua | Tshiluba (Luba-Lulua) | lua | Latn | Africa | Tshiluba, Ciluba | Luba-Kasai; Luba; Tshiluba; Cilubà; Tshilubà, Luba-Lulua | 0 | 0 | 3998 |
|
2001 |
+
en_luo | Luo | luo | Latn | Africa | Luo | Dholuo | 260 | 863 | 3941 |
|
2002 |
+
en_lus | Mizo | lus | Latn | Asia | Mizo ṭawng | | 0 | 863 | 3998 |
|
2003 |
+
en_mad | Madurese | mad | Latn | Asia | Madurâ | | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
2004 |
+
en_mag | Magahi | mag | Deva | Asia | मगही | | 456 | 0 | 3997 |
|
2005 |
+
en_mai | Maithili | mai | Deva | Asia | मैथिली | Maitili | 0 | 0 | 3989 |
|
2006 |
+
en_mak | Makassar | mak | Latn | Asia | Mangkasara | Makasar; Makassarese; Mangkasara; Macassar | 0 | 0 | 3994 |
|
2007 |
+
en_mam | Mam | mam | Latn | Americas | Ta yol Mam | | 0 | 0 | 3902 |
|
2008 |
+
en_meo | Kedah Malay | meo | Latn | Asia | Siti | Malay (Kedah) | 0 | 0 | 3995 |
|
2009 |
+
en_mfe | Mauritian Creole | mfe | Latn | Africa | Morisien | Morisien; Morisyen | 66 | 863 | 3997 |
|
2010 |
+
en_mg | Malagasy | mlg | Latn | Africa | Fiteny malagasy | | 391 | 863 | 0 |
|
2011 |
+
en_mh | Marshallese | mah | Latn | Oceania | Majol | Ebon | 0 | 0 | 3977 |
|
2012 |
+
en_min | Minang | min | Latn | Asia | Minangkabau | Minangkabau | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
2013 |
+
en_mjl | Mandeali | mjl | Deva | Asia | मण्डियाली | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2014 |
+
en_mni-Mtei | Meiteilon (Manipuri) | mni | Mtei | Asia | ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ | Meitei, Meetei, Meitheilon, Meeteilon | 0 | 863 | 3923 |
|
2015 |
+
en_mos | Mooré | mos | Latn | Africa | Moaaga; Mòoré | Mossi; Moore; More; Mõore; Mossé | 66 | 863 | 4000 |
|
2016 |
+
en_ms-Arab | Malay (Jawi Script) | msa | Arab | Asia | ملايو | | 0 | 0 | 4000 |
|
2017 |
+
en_mtr | Mewari | mtr | Deva | Asia | मेवाड़ी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2018 |
+
en_mwr | Marwadi | mwr | Deva | Asia | मारवाड़ी | Marwari; Rajasthani | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
2019 |
+
en_nd | North Ndebele | nde | Latn | Africa | IsiNdebele | Ndebele (North) | 66 | 863 | 3694 |
|
2020 |
+
en_ndc | Ndau | ndc | Latn | Africa | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
2021 |
+
en_ne | Nepali | nep | Deva | Asia | नेपाली | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
|
2022 |
+
en_new | Nepalbhasa (Newari) | new | Deva | Asia | नेवाः | Newari; Nepalbhasa; Nepal Bhasa; Newar | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2023 |
+
en_nhe | Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | nhe | Latn | Americas | Nahuatlajtoli Kuextekan ikisayo | Nahuatl (Eastern Huasteca) | 0 | 0 | 4000 |
|
2024 |
+
en_noe | Nimadi | noe | Deva | Asia | निमाड़ी | | 315 | 0 | 0 |
|
2025 |
+
en_nqo | NKo | bam | Nkoo | Africa | ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲ | N'Ko | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
2026 |
+
en_nr | South Ndebele | nbl | Latn | Africa | isiNdebele seSewula | Ndebele (South); Transvaal Ndebele; Southern Ndebele | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
2027 |
+
en_nso | Sepedi | nso | Latn | Africa | Sepedi | Northern Sotho; Pedi | 130 | 863 | 3996 |
|
2028 |
+
en_nus | Nuer | nus | Latn | Africa | Thok Naath | | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2029 |
+
en_nv | Navajo | nav | Latn | Americas | Diné; Naabeehó | Navaho; Diné | 0 | 0 | 3992 |
|
2030 |
+
en_ny | Chichewa | nya | Latn | Africa | Chilankhulo cha Chichewa | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2031 |
+
en_oc | Occitan | oci | Latn | Europe | Occitan | Provençal | 0 | 0 | 3998 |
|
2032 |
+
en_om | Oromo | orm | Latn | Africa | Afaan Oromoo | Afaan Oromoo | 391 | 863 | 3992 |
|
2033 |
+
en_os | Ossetian | oss | Cyrl | Europe | Ирон | Ossetic; Iron | 0 | 0 | 3915 |
|
2034 |
+
en_pa-Arab | Lahnda Punjabi (Pakistan) | pan | Arab | Asia | لہندا پنجابی | Punjabi (Lahnda); Punjabi (Western); Punjabi (India); Punjabi (Shahmukhi) | 0 | 863 | 4001 |
|
2035 |
+
en_pag | Pangasinan | pag | Latn | Asia | Pangasinan | Pangasinense | 0 | 0 | 3994 |
|
2036 |
+
en_pam | Kapampangan | pam | Latn | Asia | Kapampangan | Pampango; Capampáñgan | 0 | 0 | 3993 |
|
2037 |
+
en_pap | Papiamento | pap | Latn | Americas | Papiamento | Papiamento in Aruba; Papiamentu in Bonaire and Curaçao | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2038 |
+
en_pcm | Nigerian Pidgin | pcm | Latn | Africa | Naijá, Pidgin for Nigerian | Naija; Naijá; Pijin; Brokun; Broken | 130 | 864 | 4001 |
|
2039 |
+
en_pt-PT | Portuguese (Portugal) | | Latn | Europe | português | | 0 | 0 | 3995 |
|
2040 |
+
en_qu | Quechua | que | Latn | Americas | Runa Simi | | 0 | 863 | 3861 |
|
2041 |
+
en_quc | K'iche' | quc | Latn | Americas | K'iche' | Quiche; Quiché | 0 | 0 | 3992 |
|
2042 |
+
en_rhg-Latn | Rohingya (Latin script) | rhg | Latn | Asia | Ruháingga | Rohingya | 0 | 0 | 3999 |
|
2043 |
+
en_rn | Rundi | run | Latn | Africa | Ikirundi | Kirundi | 66 | 863 | 3999 |
|
2044 |
+
en_rom | Romani | rmy | Latn | Europe | Rromani ćhib | Romany; Romanes; Roma | 0 | 0 | 3988 |
|
2045 |
+
en_rw | Kinyarwanda | kin | Latn | Africa | Ikinyarwanda | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2046 |
+
en_sa | Sanskrit | san | Deva | Asia | संस्कृतम् | Samskrit; Samskrt; Samskritam | 0 | 863 | 3998 |
|
2047 |
+
en_sah | Yakut | sah | Cyrl | Europe | Саха | Sakha; Saxa; Saqa; Yakutian | 0 | 0 | 3983 |
|
2048 |
+
en_sat | Santali (Ol Chiki script) | sat | Olck | Asia | ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ | Santali; Santhali; Hor | 0 | 863 | 4001 |
|
2049 |
+
en_sat-Latn | Santali (Latin Script) | sat | Latn | Asia | Santali | Santali; Santhali; Hor | 0 | 863 | 4000 |
|
2050 |
+
en_scl | Shina | scl | Arab | Asia | ݜݨیاٗ زبان | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2051 |
+
en_scn | Sicilian | scn | Latn | Europe | Sicilianu | | 100 | 0 | 3997 |
|
2052 |
+
en_sd-Deva | Sindhi (Devanagari script) | snd | Deva | Asia | सिन्धी | | 456 | 0 | 0 |
|
2053 |
+
en_se | Northern Sami | sme | Latn | Europe | davvisámegiella | North Saami; North Sámi; Sami (North) | 0 | 0 | 3980 |
|
2054 |
+
en_sg | Sango | sag | Latn | Africa | Sango | | 0 | 0 | 3994 |
|
2055 |
+
en_sgj | Surgujia | sgj | Deva | Asia | सरगुजिया | | 356 | 0 | 0 |
|
2056 |
+
en_shn | Shan | shn | Mymr | Asia | တႆး; လိၵ်ႈတႆး | Tai longe | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2057 |
+
en_sjp | Surjapuri | sjp | Deva | Asia | सुरजापुरी | | 299 | 0 | 0 |
|
2058 |
+
en_skr | Saraiki | skr | Arab | Asia | سرائیکی | Multani | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2059 |
+
en_sn | Shona | sna | Latn | Africa | ChiShona | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2060 |
+
en_so | Somali | som | Latn | Africa | Af-Soomaali | | 260 | 862 | 0 |
|
2061 |
+
en_spv | Sambalpuri | spv | Orya | Asia | ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2062 |
+
en_ss | Swati | ssw | Latn | Africa | Siswati | siSwati | 66 | 863 | 3924 |
|
2063 |
+
en_st | Sesotho | sot | Latn | Africa | seSotho | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2064 |
+
en_sus | Susu | sus | Latn | Africa | Sosokhui | | 66 | 863 | 4000 |
|
2065 |
+
en_sw | Swahili | swa | Latn | Africa | Kiswahili | Kiswahili | 584 | 863 | 0 |
|
2066 |
+
en_syl | Sylheti | syl | Beng | Asia | সিলেটি | Siloti | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2067 |
+
en_szl | Silesian | szl | Latn | Europe | Ślůnski | | 0 | 0 | 3997 |
|
2068 |
+
en_tcy | Tulu | tcy | Knda | Asia | ತುಳು | | 451 | 0 | 4000 |
|
2069 |
+
en_tet | Tetum | tet | Latn | Asia | Tetun | Tetun | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2070 |
+
en_ti | Tigrinya | tir | Ethi | Africa | ትግርኛ | Tigrigna | 260 | 863 | 4000 |
|
2071 |
+
en_tiv | Tiv | tiv | Latn | Africa | Tiv | | 66 | 863 | 4001 |
|
2072 |
+
en_tn | Tswana | tsn | Latn | Africa | Setswana | Batswana; Setswana | 66 | 863 | 3995 |
|
2073 |
+
en_to | Tonga (Tonga Islands) | ton | Latn | Oceania | Tonga | Tongan; Tonga; Lea Faka-Tonga | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2074 |
+
en_tpi | Tok Pisin | tpi | Latn | Oceania | Tok Pisin | Papua New Guinea Pidgin | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2075 |
+
en_trp | Kokborok | trp | Latn | Asia | Kokborok; Kókborok | Tripuri; Tiprakok; Kok Borok; Kókborok; Tripura, Tipra, Tippera; ককবরক; Kókborok | 457 | 863 | 3997 |
|
2076 |
+
en_ts | Tsonga | tso | Latn | Africa | Xitsonga | | 66 | 863 | 3994 |
|
2077 |
+
en_tum | Tumbuka | tum | Latn | Africa | Chitumbuka | | 66 | 863 | 3983 |
|
2078 |
+
en_ty | Tahitian | tah | Latn | Oceania | Reo Tahiti; Tahiti | | 0 | 0 | 4001 |
|
2079 |
+
en_tyv | Tuvan | tyv | Cyrl | Asia | тувинский | Tuvinian; Tyvan | 0 | 863 | 3984 |
|
2080 |
+
en_udm | Udmurt | udm | Cyrl | Europe | Удмурт кыл | | 0 | 0 | 3992 |
|
2081 |
+
en_unr-Deva | Mundari (Devanagari script) | unr | Deva | Asia | मुंडारी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2082 |
+
en_ve | Venda | ven | Latn | Africa | Tshivenḓa | Tshivenda; Luvenda; Bavenda | 66 | 863 | 3984 |
|
2083 |
+
en_vec | Venetian | vec | Latn | Europe | Veneto | Vèneto | 0 | 0 | 4000 |
|
2084 |
+
en_war | Waray (Philippines) | war | Latn | Asia | Waray | Waray; Waray-Waray | 0 | 0 | 3963 |
|
2085 |
+
en_wbr | Wagdi | wbr | Deva | Asia | वाग्दी | | 455 | 0 | 0 |
|
2086 |
+
en_wo | Wolof | wol | Latn | Africa | Wolof | | 260 | 863 | 4001 |
|
2087 |
+
en_xh | Xhosa | xho | Latn | Africa | isiXhosa | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2088 |
+
en_xnr | Kangri | xnr | Deva | Asia | कांगड़ी | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2089 |
+
en_xsr-Tibt | Sherpa (Tibetan script) | xsr | Tibt | Asia | ཤར་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག | | 457 | 0 | 0 |
|
2090 |
+
en_yo | Yoruba | yor | Latn | Africa | Èdè Yorùbá | | 584 | 863 | 0 |
|
2091 |
+
en_yua | Yucatec Maya | yua | Latn | Americas | Maayat'aan | Mayan; Yucateco | 0 | 0 | 3959 |
|
2092 |
+
en_yue | Cantonese | yue | Hant | Asia | 廣東話; 粵語; 廣州話; 白話; | Yue Chinese | 584 | 863 | 4201 |
|
2093 |
+
en_zap | Zapotec | zap | Latn | Americas | Diidxazá | | 0 | 0 | 3777 |
|
2094 |
+
en_zu | Zulu | zul | Latn | Africa | isiZulu | | 260 | 863 | 0 |
|
2095 |
+
en_zza | Zazaki | diq | Latn | Asia | Zazakî | Zaza; Kurdish (Zazaki); Dimli | 0 | 0 | 3978 |
|
2096 |
+
sw_ar | Arabic | ara | Arab | Asia | اللُّغَة العَرَبِيّة | Arabic (MSA); Arabic (Standard); Arabic (Fusha); fuṣḥā; MSA | 330 | 0 | 0 |
|
2097 |
+
sw_zh | Mandarin Chinese | zho | Hans | Asia | 汉语 | | 330 | 0 | 0 |
|
2098 |
+
yue_zh | Mandarin Chinese | zho | Hans | Asia | 汉语 | | 0 | 0 | 4201 |
|
2099 |
|
2100 |
## Notes on language codes and names
|
2101 |
|
|
|
2115 |
* **rom**: Similarly, we use `rom` for all Romani dialects, `ak` for Twi (see note above), and `ff` for all Fulfulde dialects.
|
2116 |
* **fa-AF,ar-MA**: We use `fa-AF` and `ar-MA` for Dari and Darija respectively. The specific codes `prs` and `ary` are probably more precise.
|
2117 |
|
2118 |
+
|
2119 |
Please note that the language name can be a point of considerable tension, and
|
2120 |
there is rarely a "right" name for a language! This said, here are some
|
2121 |
non-exhaustive notes that went into the names in the second column above, based
|
|
|
2237 |
* The Manx (`gv`) split of GATITOS that was originally released was spurious.
|
2238 |
It has been removed.
|
2239 |
|
2240 |
+
|
2241 |
+
|
2242 |
+
|
2243 |
+
|
2244 |
### Citations
|
2245 |
|
2246 |
To cite SMOL and GATITOS, please use the following:
|
2247 |
|
2248 |
```
|
2249 |
@misc{caswell2025smol,
|
2250 |
+
title={{SMOL: Professionally translated parallel data for 115 under-represented languages}},
|
2251 |
+
author={Isaac Caswell and Elizabeth Nielsen and Jiaming Luo and Colin Cherry and Geza Kovacs and Hadar Shemtov and Partha Talukdar and Dinesh Tewari and Baba Mamadi Diane and Koulako Moussa Doumbouya and Djibrila Diane and Solo Farabado Cissé and Edoardo Ferrante and Alessandro Guasoni and Mamadou K. Keita and Sudhamoy DebBarma and Ali Kuzhuget and David Anugrahaid and Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi and Sina Ahmadi and Mingfei Lau and Jonathan Eng},
|
2252 |
year={2025},
|
2253 |
eprint={2502.12301},
|
2254 |
archivePrefix={arXiv},
|
2255 |
primaryClass={cs.CL},
|
2256 |
+
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12301},
|
2257 |
}
|
2258 |
|
2259 |
+
@inproceedings{jones-etal-2023-gatitos,
|
2260 |
+
title = {{"GATITOS: Using a New Multilingual Lexicon for Low-resource Machine Translation"}},
|
2261 |
+
author = "Jones, Alexander and
|
2262 |
+
Caswell, Isaac and
|
2263 |
+
Firat, Orhan and
|
2264 |
+
Saxena, Ishank",
|
2265 |
+
editor = "Bouamor, Houda and
|
2266 |
+
Pino, Juan and
|
2267 |
+
Bali, Kalika",
|
2268 |
+
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
|
2269 |
+
month = dec,
|
2270 |
+
year = "2023",
|
2271 |
+
address = "Singapore",
|
2272 |
+
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
|
2273 |
+
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.26/",
|
2274 |
+
doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.26",
|
2275 |
+
pages = "371--405",
|
2276 |
+
abstract = "Modern machine translation models and language models are able to translate without having been trained on parallel data, greatly expanding the set of languages that they can serve. However, these models still struggle in a variety of predictable ways, a problem that cannot be overcome without at least some trusted bilingual data. This work expands on a cheap and abundant resource to combat this problem: bilingual lexica. We test the efficacy of bilingual lexica in a real-world set-up, on 200-language translation models trained on web-crawled text. We present several findings: (1) using lexical data augmentation, we demonstrate sizable performance gains for unsupervised translation; (2) we compare several families of data augmentation, demonstrating that they yield similar improvements, and can be combined for even greater improvements; (3) we demonstrate the importance of carefully curated lexica over larger, noisier ones, especially with larger models; and (4) we compare the efficacy of multilingual lexicon data versus human-translated parallel data. Based on results from (3), we develop and open-source GATITOS, a high-quality, curated dataset in 168 tail languages, one of the first human-translated resources to cover many of these languages."
|
2277 |
}
|
2278 |
```
|
2279 |
|
|
|
2281 |
### Contact
|
2282 |
|
2283 |
We welcome contributions, corrections, and suggestions, especially from speakers
|
2284 |
+
of these languages. If you speak any of these languages and notice quality
|
2285 |
issues, please file bugs on this repo or contact
|
2286 |
{icaswell, eknielsen}꩜google.com. This
|
2287 |
repository may be updated sporadically with corrections or additional
|
2288 |
translations.
|
2289 |
|
2290 |
+
|
2291 |
## License
|
2292 |
|
2293 |
This data is released under cc-by-4.0
|