# Language-only All vs. Some

### Dataset Description

This dataset consists of a list of 840 questions that test whether models correctly interpret the universal quantifier "all" as applying 
to a scenario where every object has a certain property and the indefinite quantifier "some" as applying to a scenario where a non-empty 
subsert of all objects have a certain property. All questions in this dataset present scenarios in the form of images. Each scenario contains 
some number objects, of which all, some, or none have a given attribute. Each question is assigned a code the form 
`Quantifier 1/Quantifier 2/Quantifier 3`. Here, `Quantifier 1` refers to the amount of objects that have some property 
(that may or may not be the property the question asks about), `Quantifier 2` refers to the quantifier the question is asking about, and 
`Quantifier 3` refers to the number of objects that have the property the question is asking about. For example, if there is a scenario 
with 5 blocks, all of which are blue, and the question is "Are all blocks orange?", then this question would be coded as `All/All/None`.
For this dataset, an initial image is generated via Gemini 2.5 Flash Image, and following prompts modify this initial image. A group
of rows in the dataset that consist of initial image generation prompts (e.g. "create an image with 6 red birds") immediately followed by 
prompts that modify this initial image (e.g. "modify this image so that 3 of the birds are now blue") are referred to below as a `series`
of rows. The dataset is formatted as follows:


* `image`: presents the scenario that is asked about in the question in `prompt`
* `attribute_all`: the attribute that is given to all objects in the image when prompting Gemini 2.5 Flash Image to generate the initial image
* `prompt`: the question that asks about a given quantifier in relation to the scenario presented in `image`
* `prompt_color`: the color that is asked about in `prompt`
* `image_generation_prompt`: the prompt given to Gemini 2.5 Flash Image to generate the image stored in `image`. Either used to generate the inital image or to modify a previously generated image
* `condition`: stores the code for each question of the form `Quantifier 1/Quantifier 2/Quantifier 3`
* `colors`: list of colors referred to for the questions in a given `series` of rows

If you use this dataset, please cite us using the following bibtex: 
```bibtex
@article{padmanabhan2026bears,
  title={Bears, all bears, and some bears. Language Constraints on Language Models' Inductive Inferences},
  author={Padmanabhan, Sriram and Song, Siyuan and Misra, Kanishka},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.09852},
  year={2026}
}
```

## Dataset Card Authors

Siyuan Song, Sriram Padmanabhan, Kanishka Misra


## Dataset Card Contact

siyuansong@utexas.edu, srirampadmanabhan@utexas.edu, kmisra@utexas.edu