manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
42_56	from the first half of the 19th century. It has a deep main niche and shallower niches on the
42_57	sides.
42_58	There is a memorial plaque dedicated to Anton Župec, a communist activist from Iška Vas that was
42_59	killed on 20 March 1942. The square granite plaque was installed on a cliff along the road to
42_60	Gornji Ig in 1971, approximately 250 m from the fork in the road to the hamlet of Mala Vas.
42_61	The Benko Mill () is an operating water-driven sawmill with a Venetian frame saw located opposite
42_62	house no. 14 along a branch of the Iška River. It dates from the mid-19th century and is installed
42_63	in a wooden building with a masonry foundation.
42_64	References External links Iška on Geopedia Populated places in the Municipality of Ig
43_0	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (), also nicknamed NDG, is a residential neighbourhood of Montreal in the city's
43_1	West End, with a population of 166,520 (2016). An independent municipality until annexed by the
43_2	City of Montreal in 1910, NDG is today one half of the borough of
43_3	Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. It comprises two wards, Loyola to the west and
43_4	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce to the east. NDG is bordered by four independent enclaves; its eastern border
43_5	is shared with the City of Westmount, Quebec, to the north and west it is bordered by the cities of
43_6	Montreal West, Hampstead and Côte-Saint-Luc. NDG plays a pivotal role in serving as the commercial
43_7	and cultural hub for Montreal's predominantly English-speaking West End, with Sherbrooke Street
43_8	West running the length of the community as the main commercial artery. The community is roughly
43_9	bounded by Grey Avenue and the Décarie Expressway to the east, Côte-Saint-Luc Road to the north,
43_10	Connaught Avenue in the west and Highway 20 and the Saint-Jacques Escarpment to the south.
43_11	History
43_12	At the time of Montreal's founding in 1642 most of the land stretching past Mount Royal to the
43_13	northwest was a vast forest running the length of a long, narrow ridge known as the Saint Jacques
43_14	Escarpment. The area that was to become Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was founded along that ridge, near a
43_15	since-drained Lac Saint-Pierre. The first Europeans settled the area eight years after the founding
43_16	of the colony of Ville Marie, on November 18, 1650. They were Jean Descarries (or Descaris) dit le
43_17	Houx and Jean Leduc, from Igé, Perche, France.
43_18	Both settlers received of land in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, a vast territory that stretched from what
43_19	would become Atwater Avenue to Lachine.
43_20	In 1853, construction of the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was completed.
43_21	In December 1876, the Municipality of the Village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was established through
43_22	proclamation. In 1906, the village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was incorporated as a town. On June 4,
43_23	1910, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was annexed to the city of Montreal.
43_24	It was during this period that the long-established Descarries family reached its peak.
43_25	Daniel-Jérémie Décarie (1836-1904) was mayor of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce from 1877 to 1904 and his son,
43_26	lawyer Jérémie-Louis Décarie (1870-1927), was a Quebec parliamentarian.
43_27	In May 1912, Décarie Boulevard was officially designated, running north–south from Côte-des-Neiges
43_28	and the Town of Mount Royal in the north to Saint-Henri and Côte-Saint-Paul in the south (a section
43_29	of the road was already known as Décarie Avenue).
43_30	In 1908, the first tramway made its appearance in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, running around the north
43_31	side of Mount Royal from Snowdon Station to the intersection of Mount Royal and Parc avenues.
43_32	Gradually the village developed around the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce which was the head church
43_33	of the seven parishes on the western part of the Island of Montreal.
43_34	It was around 1920 that Anglophones began settling in NDG, resulting in the construction of
43_35	numerous schools and churches. The Décarie Expressway opened to motorists in 1966, in time for Expo
43_36	67. The highway construction forced the displacement of 285 families and had a major impact on the
43_37	neighbourhood, severing the easternmost part from the whole and leading to the area being referred
43_38	to as 'Westmount-adjacent' (a term implying housing costs and lifestyles more on par with
43_39	Westmount, one of the most affluent communities in North America, rather than NDG which as a whole
43_40	is more middle income).
43_41	Since 2002, the area has been administratively attached to Côte-des-Neiges as the borough of
43_42	Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce.
43_43	Geography
43_44	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is bounded on the east by the border with Westmount and Côte-des-Neiges, the
43_45	south by the Saint-Jacques Escarpment, and the north by Côte-Saint-Luc Road, extending west to the
43_46	border with Montreal West.
43_47	Demographics
43_48	Broadly speaking Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is a middle class first-ring residential suburb with a
43_49	culturally and linguistically diverse urban population. The cityscape and history of the community
43_50	is rooted firmly in NDG's role as a home for an upwardly-mobile French Canadian middle class that
43_51	developed much of the land roughly between Confederation and the First World War. The neighbourhood
43_52	is characterized by traditional Quebecois housing styles - notably the detached or semidetached
43_53	duplex - as well as being organized along the historic land division system developed by for
43_54	agricultural purposes during Quebec's colonial period (i.e. long, rectangular city blocks running
43_55	perpendicular to a river or ridge). It is a predominantly residential neighbourhood with
43_56	considerable appeal to a wide variety of Montrealers, owing principally to its local cultural
43_57	cachet, proximity to the urban core of the city, and wide variety of commercial and public
43_58	services.
43_59	NDG is a community of communities, as there are several somewhat distinct neighbourhoods within it.
43_60	Officially the community is divided into an eastern and western ward with Cavendish Boulevard
43_61	serving as the bisecting line. The eastern part of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is itself split in two parts
43_62	by the Décarie Expressway (running north–south), which was built in the late 1950s and resulted in
43_63	the destruction of many hundreds of homes. The eastern ward is focused around the parish church at
43_64	the intersection of Décarie and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce avenue, with many of the neighbourhood's oldest
43_65	buildings being found nearby. Owing to its history, the eastern ward is primarily francophone,
43_66	middle class and has a strong French and Quebecois cultural and aesthetic character.
43_67	The western ward developed during the interwar and post-WW2 era and is more varied in terms of
43_68	housing styles, income levels, cultural representation and spoken languages. Generally speaking NDG
43_69	is associated with Montreal's multi-ethnic middle-class Anglophone community, given the presence of
43_70	major Anglophone institutions like Loyola College of Concordia University and the MUHC
43_71	super-hospital, but despite this association the majority of residents are fully bilingual in
43_72	French and English and speak both on a regular, if not daily, basis.
43_73	Affordable housing and proximity to major Anglophone post-secondary educational institutions,
43_74	particularly Dawson College and Concordia University, has resulted in a large and consistent
43_75	student population residing in NDG.
43_76	The visible minority population of the neighborhood is 33%, with the ethnic breakdown of the
43_77	neighborhood varied over the territory of NDG.
43_78	There is also a sizeable Afro-Canadian and immigrant community, concentrated mostly around the
43_79	parts of the district north of Somerled Avenue as well as south of Sherbrooke Street, and a 'Little
43_80	Italy' located south of the Canadian Pacific line, colloquially referred to as Saint Raymond. Saint
43_81	Raymond, with a population of 5 915, has a black population of 18% and a Chinese population of 12%,
43_82	both notably higher than Montreal as a whole. In recent years, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce has developed
43_83	into a highly desirable neighbourhood for young professionals, though little gentrification has
43_84	occurred outside of the Monkland Village.
43_85	Cityscape
43_86	Geographically NDG is situated on a long plateau extending southwest from Mount Royal, cascading in
43_87	wide terraces down from Côte-Saint-Luc Road ( being the French word for ridge) towards the far
43_88	steeper Saint-Jacques Escarpment. The land is divided, as is traditional in Quebec, in long narrow
43_89	strips, an evolution of the seigneurial land division system of the province's colonial era. Thus,
43_90	NDG has many avenues running north-south, but far fewer running east-west. As such, the community

42_56

from the first half of the 19th century. It has a deep main niche and shallower niches on the

42_57

sides.

42_58

There is a memorial plaque dedicated to Anton Župec, a communist activist from Iška Vas that was

42_59

killed on 20 March 1942. The square granite plaque was installed on a cliff along the road to

42_60

Gornji Ig in 1971, approximately 250 m from the fork in the road to the hamlet of Mala Vas.

42_61

The Benko Mill () is an operating water-driven sawmill with a Venetian frame saw located opposite

42_62

house no. 14 along a branch of the Iška River. It dates from the mid-19th century and is installed

42_63

in a wooden building with a masonry foundation.

42_64

References External links Iška on Geopedia Populated places in the Municipality of Ig

43_0

Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (), also nicknamed NDG, is a residential neighbourhood of Montreal in the city's

43_1

West End, with a population of 166,520 (2016). An independent municipality until annexed by the

43_2

City of Montreal in 1910, NDG is today one half of the borough of

43_3

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. It comprises two wards, Loyola to the west and

43_4

Notre-Dame-de-Grâce to the east. NDG is bordered by four independent enclaves; its eastern border

43_5

is shared with the City of Westmount, Quebec, to the north and west it is bordered by the cities of

43_6

Montreal West, Hampstead and Côte-Saint-Luc. NDG plays a pivotal role in serving as the commercial

43_7

and cultural hub for Montreal's predominantly English-speaking West End, with Sherbrooke Street

43_8

West running the length of the community as the main commercial artery. The community is roughly

43_9

bounded by Grey Avenue and the Décarie Expressway to the east, Côte-Saint-Luc Road to the north,

43_10

Connaught Avenue in the west and Highway 20 and the Saint-Jacques Escarpment to the south.

43_11

History

43_12

At the time of Montreal's founding in 1642 most of the land stretching past Mount Royal to the

43_13

northwest was a vast forest running the length of a long, narrow ridge known as the Saint Jacques

43_14

Escarpment. The area that was to become Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was founded along that ridge, near a

43_15

since-drained Lac Saint-Pierre. The first Europeans settled the area eight years after the founding

43_16

of the colony of Ville Marie, on November 18, 1650. They were Jean Descarries (or Descaris) dit le

43_17

Houx and Jean Leduc, from Igé, Perche, France.

43_18

Both settlers received of land in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, a vast territory that stretched from what

43_19

would become Atwater Avenue to Lachine.

43_20

In 1853, construction of the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was completed.

43_21

In December 1876, the Municipality of the Village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was established through

43_22

proclamation. In 1906, the village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was incorporated as a town. On June 4,

43_23

1910, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was annexed to the city of Montreal.

43_24

It was during this period that the long-established Descarries family reached its peak.

43_25

Daniel-Jérémie Décarie (1836-1904) was mayor of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce from 1877 to 1904 and his son,

43_26

lawyer Jérémie-Louis Décarie (1870-1927), was a Quebec parliamentarian.

43_27

In May 1912, Décarie Boulevard was officially designated, running north–south from Côte-des-Neiges

43_28

and the Town of Mount Royal in the north to Saint-Henri and Côte-Saint-Paul in the south (a section

43_29

of the road was already known as Décarie Avenue).

43_30

In 1908, the first tramway made its appearance in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, running around the north

43_31

side of Mount Royal from Snowdon Station to the intersection of Mount Royal and Parc avenues.

43_32

Gradually the village developed around the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce which was the head church

43_33

of the seven parishes on the western part of the Island of Montreal.

43_34

It was around 1920 that Anglophones began settling in NDG, resulting in the construction of

43_35

numerous schools and churches. The Décarie Expressway opened to motorists in 1966, in time for Expo

43_36

67. The highway construction forced the displacement of 285 families and had a major impact on the

43_37

neighbourhood, severing the easternmost part from the whole and leading to the area being referred

43_38

to as 'Westmount-adjacent' (a term implying housing costs and lifestyles more on par with

43_39

Westmount, one of the most affluent communities in North America, rather than NDG which as a whole

43_40

is more middle income).

43_41

Since 2002, the area has been administratively attached to Côte-des-Neiges as the borough of

43_42

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce.

43_43

Geography

43_44

Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is bounded on the east by the border with Westmount and Côte-des-Neiges, the

43_45

south by the Saint-Jacques Escarpment, and the north by Côte-Saint-Luc Road, extending west to the

43_46

border with Montreal West.

43_47

Demographics

43_48

Broadly speaking Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is a middle class first-ring residential suburb with a

43_49

culturally and linguistically diverse urban population. The cityscape and history of the community

43_50

is rooted firmly in NDG's role as a home for an upwardly-mobile French Canadian middle class that

43_51

developed much of the land roughly between Confederation and the First World War. The neighbourhood

43_52

is characterized by traditional Quebecois housing styles - notably the detached or semidetached

43_53

duplex - as well as being organized along the historic land division system developed by for

43_54

agricultural purposes during Quebec's colonial period (i.e. long, rectangular city blocks running

43_55

perpendicular to a river or ridge). It is a predominantly residential neighbourhood with

43_56

considerable appeal to a wide variety of Montrealers, owing principally to its local cultural

43_57

cachet, proximity to the urban core of the city, and wide variety of commercial and public

43_58

services.

43_59

NDG is a community of communities, as there are several somewhat distinct neighbourhoods within it.

43_60

Officially the community is divided into an eastern and western ward with Cavendish Boulevard

43_61

serving as the bisecting line. The eastern part of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is itself split in two parts

43_62

by the Décarie Expressway (running north–south), which was built in the late 1950s and resulted in

43_63

the destruction of many hundreds of homes. The eastern ward is focused around the parish church at

43_64

the intersection of Décarie and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce avenue, with many of the neighbourhood's oldest

43_65

buildings being found nearby. Owing to its history, the eastern ward is primarily francophone,

43_66

middle class and has a strong French and Quebecois cultural and aesthetic character.

43_67

The western ward developed during the interwar and post-WW2 era and is more varied in terms of

43_68

housing styles, income levels, cultural representation and spoken languages. Generally speaking NDG

43_69

is associated with Montreal's multi-ethnic middle-class Anglophone community, given the presence of

43_70

major Anglophone institutions like Loyola College of Concordia University and the MUHC

43_71

super-hospital, but despite this association the majority of residents are fully bilingual in

43_72

French and English and speak both on a regular, if not daily, basis.

43_73

Affordable housing and proximity to major Anglophone post-secondary educational institutions,

43_74

particularly Dawson College and Concordia University, has resulted in a large and consistent

43_75

student population residing in NDG.

43_76

The visible minority population of the neighborhood is 33%, with the ethnic breakdown of the

43_77

neighborhood varied over the territory of NDG.

43_78

There is also a sizeable Afro-Canadian and immigrant community, concentrated mostly around the

43_79

parts of the district north of Somerled Avenue as well as south of Sherbrooke Street, and a 'Little

43_80

Italy' located south of the Canadian Pacific line, colloquially referred to as Saint Raymond. Saint

43_81

Raymond, with a population of 5 915, has a black population of 18% and a Chinese population of 12%,

43_82

both notably higher than Montreal as a whole. In recent years, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce has developed

43_83

into a highly desirable neighbourhood for young professionals, though little gentrification has

43_84

occurred outside of the Monkland Village.

43_85

Cityscape

43_86

Geographically NDG is situated on a long plateau extending southwest from Mount Royal, cascading in

43_87

wide terraces down from Côte-Saint-Luc Road ( being the French word for ridge) towards the far

43_88

steeper Saint-Jacques Escarpment. The land is divided, as is traditional in Quebec, in long narrow

43_89

strips, an evolution of the seigneurial land division system of the province's colonial era. Thus,

43_90

NDG has many avenues running north-south, but far fewer running east-west. As such, the community