diff --git "a/en.train.jsonl" "b/en.train.jsonl"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/en.train.jsonl"
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+{"text":"Getting to space is hard.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Getting","to","space","is","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Right now it's like going up a mountain on a unicycle with a backpack full of explosives.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Right","now","it","'s","like","going","up","a","mountain","on","a","unicycle","with","a","backpack","full","of","explosives","."],"tags":[13,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Incredibly slow, you can't transport a lot of stuff and you might die.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Incredibly","slow",",","you","ca","n't","transport","a","lot","of","stuff","and","you","might","die","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"A rocket needs to reach a velocity of about 40,000 km an hour to escape from Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","rocket","needs","to","reach","a","velocity","of","about","40,000","km","an","hour","to","escape","from","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"To get to that speed, rockets are mostly containers for fuel with a tiny tip of payload.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","get","to","that","speed",",","rockets","are","mostly","containers","for","fuel","with","a","tiny","tip","of","payload","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This is bad if you want to go to other planets, because you need a lot of heavy stuff if you want to survive and maybe even come back.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","is","bad","if","you","want","to","go","to","other","planets",",","because","you","need","a","lot","of","heavy","stuff","if","you","want","to","survive","and","maybe","even","come","back","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So is there a way to get to space with less fuel and more payload?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","there","a","way","to","get","to","space","with","less","fuel","and","more","payload","?"],"tags":[13,25,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"A nice thing that solved most of our transport problems on Earth is what you call infrastructure.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","nice","thing","that","solved","most","of","our","transport","problems","on","Earth","is","what","you","call","infrastructure","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Whether it's roads for cars, ports for ships or rails for trains, we've made it easier to get to places.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Whether","it","'s","roads","for","cars",",","ports","for","ships","or","rails","for","trains",",","we","'ve","made","it","easier","to","get","to","places","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"We can apply the same solution to space travel.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","apply","the","same","solution","to","space","travel","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Space infrastructure will make getting into orbit and out to the Moon, Mars and beyond easier and cheaper.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":105,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Space","infrastructure","will","make","getting","into","orbit","and","out","to","the","Moon",",","Mars","and","beyond","easier","and","cheaper","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Great, but what exactly is space infrastructure?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Great",",","but","what","exactly","is","space","infrastructure","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,11,13,21,1,2,0]}
+{"text":"there is a simple yet promising technology that does not require new science, magic materials or huge investments and that has been tested successfully in orbit already.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":167,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["there","is","a","simple","yet","promising","technology","that","does","not","require","new","science",",","magic","materials","or","huge","investments","and","that","has","been","tested","successfully","in","orbit","already","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The concept is so simple, it's surprising.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","concept","is","so","simple",",","it","'s","surprising","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This concept is known as the skyhook.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","concept","is","known","as","the","skyhook","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It works even better if we make it spin.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","works","even","better","if","we","make","it","spin","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A counterweight holds a long cable in place while it rotates around a circle.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","counterweight","holds","a","long","cable","in","place","while","it","rotates","around","a","circle","."],"tags":[1,2,21,5,6,6,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A rotating tether slows down its tip relative to the ground at the bottom and speeds it up at the top like a catapult.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":117,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","rotating","tether","slows","down","its","tip","relative","to","the","ground","at","the","bottom","and","speeds","it","up","at","the","top","like","a","catapult","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This means that you can transfer energy from the tether and get a massive boost when released, more or less for free, equal to twice the tether's rotation velocity.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":163,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":31,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","that","you","can","transfer","energy","from","the","tether","and","get","a","massive","boost","when","released",",","more","or","less","for","free",",","equal","to","twice","the","tether","'s","rotation","velocity","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Specialized fibers already exist that can survive the extraordinary stresses a skyhook would be faced with.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Specialized","fibers","already","exist","that","can","survive","the","extraordinary","stresses","a","skyhook","would","be","faced","with","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Since our skyhook would pass over the same spot many times a day, this would allow small, reusable shuttles to catch up with it.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":127,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Since","our","skyhook","would","pass","over","the","same","spot","many","times","a","day",",","this","would","allow","small",",","reusable","shuttles","to","catch","up","with","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Of course, it's not that easy.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","it","'s","not","that","easy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,37,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"While this isn't exactly easy, it's still much cheaper than getting a big tin can filled with rocket fuel to go 40,000 kilometers an hour.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":137,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","this","is","n't","exactly","easy",",","it","'s","still","much","cheaper","than","getting","a","big","tin","can","filled","with","rocket","fuel","to","go","40,000","kilometers","an","hour","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"because this way you can ship more product in a smaller space and sell it at a greater profit.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["because","this","way","you","can","ship","more","product","in","a","smaller","space","and","sell","it","at","a","greater","profit","."],"tags":[0,13,14,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"You have the choice of either not drinking at all or getting much drunker than you would like to.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","have","the","choice","of","either","not","drinking","at","all","or","getting","much","drunker","than","you","would","like","to","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This is the situation for many marijuana smokers today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","the","situation","for","many","marijuana","smokers","today","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"People didn't stop drinking during prohibition","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["People","did","n't","stop","drinking","during","prohibition"],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,13,14]}
+{"text":"and the numbers show that laws don't deter people from using marijuana.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["and","the","numbers","show","that","laws","do","n't","deter","people","from","using","marijuana","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"and regulators could, for example, insist on a high level of CBD.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["and","regulators","could",",","for","example",",","insist","on","a","high","level","of","CBD","."],"tags":[0,1,15,0,13,14,0,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Just like most people don't drink an after-work bottle of vodka,","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Just","like","most","people","do","n't","drink","an","after","-","work","bottle","of","vodka",","],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"But the truth is we don't know yet how unhealthy marijuana is.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","the","truth","is","we","do","n't","know","yet","how","unhealthy","marijuana","is","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"The question of how we deal with that is central to what we do on this channel, and something we think about a lot.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","question","of","how","we","deal","with","that","is","central","to","what","we","do","on","this","channel",",","and","something","we","think","about","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"What we mean by lying is the concept of lies to children.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","we","mean","by","lying","is","the","concept","of","lies","to","children","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The idea that on the path to explaining something complicated, you start off with a little lie, a useful oversimplification, that makes it easier to grasp a concept.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","idea","that","on","the","path","to","explaining","something","complicated",",","you","start","off","with","a","little","lie",",","a","useful","oversimplification",",","that","makes","it","easier","to","grasp","a","concept","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"For example, as a kid you learn that the Earth is a sphere orbiting the Sun with planet buddies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","example",",","as","a","kid","you","learn","that","the","Earth","is","a","sphere","orbiting","the","Sun","with","planet","buddies","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The answers it provides are multilayered and nuanced, and that complexity can get lost when it's simplified, especially when it's done so for headlines.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":151,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","answers","it","provides","are","multilayered","and","nuanced",",","and","that","complexity","can","get","lost","when","it","'s","simplified",",","especially","when","it","'s","done","so","for","headlines","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"An interesting cancer study turns into a potential cure, a healthy food becomes the basis for a new diet.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["An","interesting","cancer","study","turns","into","a","potential","cure",",","a","healthy","food","becomes","the","basis","for","a","new","diet","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Such simplifications give a misleading definiteness to science, which goes against its process-like nature.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Such","simplifications","give","a","misleading","definiteness","to","science",",","which","goes","against","its","process","-","like","nature","."],"tags":[1,2,19,7,8,8,9,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"When cures don't materialize, and diets don't turn out to be magical, we lose confidence in science, and start to think of all science communication as misleading.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":161,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":31,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["When","cures","do","n't","materialize",",","and","diets","do","n't","turn","out","to","be","magical",",","we","lose","confidence","in","science",",","and","start","to","think","of","all","science","communication","as","misleading","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Then there's the opposite effect.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Then","there","'s","the","opposite","effect","."],"tags":[13,3,25,1,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"If a simplification is too engaging, if the story it tells is too good, it can distort the true complexity of a subject, and give you a false sense of security and an illusion of deep knowledge.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":118,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":24,"token_start":19},{"end":123,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":121,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":192,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":125,"token_end":39,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["If","a","simplification","is","too","engaging",",","if","the","story","it","tells","is","too","good",",","it","can","distort","the","true","complexity","of","a","subject",",","and","give","you","a","false","sense","of","security","and","an","illusion","of","deep","knowledge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And this can have negative consequences for all of us, because in the worst case, overconfidence in your own understanding of science can lead to bad decisions made with confidence.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":179,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":31,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","this","can","have","negative","consequences","for","all","of","us",",","because","in","the","worst","case",",","overconfidence","in","your","own","understanding","of","science","can","lead","to","bad","decisions","made","with","confidence","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Just think of the surge of people that confidently disavow vaccines or climate change without truly understanding the subject matter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Just","think","of","the","surge","of","people","that","confidently","disavow","vaccines","or","climate","change","without","truly","understanding","the","subject","matter","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So considering all of this, and the fact that we at Kurzgesagt reach millions of people with our videos, how do we handle this?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":19,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":120,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":115,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":125,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":122,"token_end":25,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["So","considering","all","of","this",",","and","the","fact","that","we","at","Kurzgesagt","reach","millions","of","people","with","our","videos",",","how","do","we","handle","this","?"],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"Well, it has been a journey, especially the research.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","has","been","a","journey",",","especially","the","research","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"We began to collect our sources.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","began","to","collect","our","sources","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"With every step, we realized that we were still not doing enough.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","every","step",",","we","realized","that","we","were","still","not","doing","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Nowadays, we try to read as many primary sources as possible, talk to multiple experts and document our simplifications, and give further reading in our sources doc.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nowadays",",","we","try","to","read","as","many","primary","sources","as","possible",",","talk","to","multiple","experts","and","document","our","simplifications",",","and","give","further","reading","in","our","sources","doc","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But this doesn't make our process flawless.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","this","does","n't","make","our","process","flawless","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,33,0]}
+{"text":"What do you do if experts disagree with each other?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","you","do","if","experts","disagree","with","each","other","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"What do you do if you find an amazing fact that perfectly fits a narrative, but just can't find its primary source?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","you","do","if","you","find","an","amazing","fact","that","perfectly","fits","a","narrative",",","but","just","ca","n't","find","its","primary","source","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"How do you deal with the reality that many scientific results have huge error bars or maybes attached to them?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","do","you","deal","with","the","reality","that","many","scientific","results","have","huge","error","bars","or","maybes","attached","to","them","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"How do you handle complex systems that defy easy answers?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","you","handle","complex","systems","that","defy","easy","answers","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"In the end, we make 10-minute videos, and we need to make decisions about what details and explanations can fit, which aspects need to be simplified, and which parts to cut.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":172,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":36,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","we","make","10","-","minute","videos",",","and","we","need","to","make","decisions","about","what","details","and","explanations","can","fit",",","which","aspects","need","to","be","simplified",",","and","which","parts","to","cut","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"There is no single best answer for how to do this, and so we weigh the different options every single time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["There","is","no","single","best","answer","for","how","to","do","this",",","and","so","we","weigh","the","different","options","every","single","time","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Watching and sharing is already helping us out a lot and we are just grateful that so many of you care about what we try to do here.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Watching","and","sharing","is","already","helping","us","out","a","lot","and","we","are","just","grateful","that","so","many","of","you","care","about","what","we","try","to","do","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,27,5,35,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Thank you so, so much!","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so",",","so","much","!"],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"So our bodies have developed a super complex little army with guards, soldiers, intelligence, weapons factories and communicators to protect you from, well, dying.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":20,"token_start":5},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":130,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["So","our","bodies","have","developed","a","super","complex","little","army","with","guards",",","soldiers",",","intelligence",",","weapons","factories","and","communicators","to","protect","you","from",",","well",",","dying","."],"tags":[13,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"For this video, let's assume the immune system has 12 different jobs.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":68,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["For","this","video",",","let","'s","assume","the","immune","system","has","12","different","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Isn't this complexity just awesome?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Is","n't","this","complexity","just","awesome","?"],"tags":[21,37,1,2,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It's a beautiful day when suddenly a wild rusty nail appears and you cut yourself.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","beautiful","day","when","suddenly","a","wild","rusty","nail","appears","and","you","cut","yourself","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Can you imagine how complex this system is?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","imagine","how","complex","this","system","is","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"On the digital town square, you encounter people that express opinions and share information that clash with your world view.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","digital","town","square",",","you","encounter","people","that","express","opinions","and","share","information","that","clash","with","your","world","view","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"And this leads to social media amplifying the most extreme and controversial opinions.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","leads","to","social","media","amplifying","the","most","extreme","and","controversial","opinions","."],"tags":[0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"What's striking and new about online polarization is that all the aspects of our lives that make us individuals,","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","'s","striking","and","new","about","online","polarization","is","that","all","the","aspects","of","our","lives","that","make","us","individuals",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"That they're almost evil, beyond convincing with rationality, facts, or civil discussion.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","they","'re","almost","evil",",","beyond","convincing","with","rationality",",","facts",",","or","civil","discussion","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"While you are, of course, on the correct team, it may be hard to process that you may seem like that to people on the other team.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":128,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","you","are",",","of","course",",","on","the","correct","team",",","it","may","be","hard","to","process","that","you","may","seem","like","that","to","people","on","the","other","team","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"On a societal level, this is dissolving the social glue that's the foundation of our democracies.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","a","societal","level",",","this","is","dissolving","the","social","glue","that","'s","the","foundation","of","our","democracies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"and just like we had to adapt from living in small tribes to living in cities, we need to adapt to the information age where we have access to billions of people.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":161,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":32,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["and","just","like","we","had","to","adapt","from","living","in","small","tribes","to","living","in","cities",",","we","need","to","adapt","to","the","information","age","where","we","have","access","to","billions","of","people","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The main difference to today was twofold.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","main","difference","to","today","was","twofold","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"These villages were separated from each other by digital rivers or mountains.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","villages","were","separated","from","each","other","by","digital","rivers","or","mountains","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Maybe one community was into rough humor and soft moderation, another had strict rules and banned easily.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","one","community","was","into","rough","humor","and","soft","moderation",",","another","had","strict","rules","and","banned","easily","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"If you didn't play by the village rules, you'd be banned.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","did","n't","play","by","the","village","rules",",","you","'d","be","banned","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"Or you could just go and move to another village that suited you better.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Or","you","could","just","go","and","move","to","another","village","that","suited","you","better","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Go back to smaller online communities.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Go","back","to","smaller","online","communities","."],"tags":[19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"But until our brains adjust to being able to deal with that, we might be better off being a tiny bit separated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","until","our","brains","adjust","to","being","able","to","deal","with","that",",","we","might","be","better","off","being","a","tiny","bit","separated","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"One of the worst things about the media we consume is that most news organizations tend to cater to one team, making you feel you're on the correct side.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","of","the","worst","things","about","the","media","we","consume","is","that","most","news","organizations","tend","to","cater","to","one","team",",","making","you","feel","you","'re","on","the","correct","side","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Ground News, the sponsor of this video, is trying to make these biases more transparent by giving you tools that help you think critically about the information you consume, a mission we wholeheartedly support.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":209,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":36,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Ground","News",",","the","sponsor","of","this","video",",","is","trying","to","make","these","biases","more","transparent","by","giving","you","tools","that","help","you","think","critically","about","the","information","you","consume",",","a","mission","we","wholeheartedly","support","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Ground News gathers related articles from around the world in one place, so you can compare how different outlets and sites cover them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Ground","News","gathers","related","articles","from","around","the","world","in","one","place",",","so","you","can","compare","how","different","outlets","and","sites","cover","them","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The Ground News Blind Spot feed highlights this exact thing, showing you news stories that are heavily covered by one side of the political spectrum and ignored by the other.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","Ground","News","Blind","Spot","feed","highlights","this","exact","thing",",","showing","you","news","stories","that","are","heavily","covered","by","one","side","of","the","political","spectrum","and","ignored","by","the","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The largest things in the universe are black holes.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","largest","things","in","the","universe","are","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Let's move on to the kinds of black holes that we know for sure are out there.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","move","on","to","the","kinds","of","black","holes","that","we","know","for","sure","are","out","there","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"To make a black hole, we need to compress enough matter so that it collapses into itself.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","make","a","black","hole",",","we","need","to","compress","enough","matter","so","that","it","collapses","into","itself","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"After that, the more mass we throw at it, the larger it becomes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["After","that",",","the","more","mass","we","throw","at","it",",","the","larger","it","becomes","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,1,21,0]}
+{"text":"In today's universe, only the most violent cosmic events can create the necessary conditions,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","today","'s","universe",",","only","the","most","violent","cosmic","events","can","create","the","necessary","conditions",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"To have a unit to work with here, we'll use the mass of our Sun, about 2 million trillion trillion kilograms.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","have","a","unit","to","work","with","here",",","we","'ll","use","the","mass","of","our","Sun",",","about","2","million","trillion","trillion","kilograms","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The smallest known black hole has 2.7 times the mass of the Sun, which works out as a sphere around 16 kilometers in diameter, large enough to cover Paris.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","smallest","known","black","hole","has","2.7","times","the","mass","of","the","Sun",",","which","works","out","as","a","sphere","around","16","kilometers","in","diameter",",","large","enough","to","cover","Paris","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Another lightweight black hole is the companion to the V723 Mon red giant star.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Another","lightweight","black","hole","is","the","companion","to","the","V723","Mon","red","giant","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This star is 24 times larger than our Sun, 30 million kilometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","star","is","24","times","larger","than","our","Sun",",","30","million","kilometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And yet, it's thrown around by a tiny black hole just 17.2 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","it","'s","thrown","around","by","a","tiny","black","hole","just","17.2","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This tiny thing bullying the star is so much smaller that we can barely even show them in comparison.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","tiny","thing","bullying","the","star","is","so","much","smaller","that","we","can","barely","even","show","them","in","comparison","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"One of the largest known stellar black holes is M33X7.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["One","of","the","largest","known","stellar","black","holes","is","M33X7","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"It currently spends its time eating a 70 solar mass blue giant bit by bit.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","currently","spends","its","time","eating","a","70","solar","mass","blue","giant","bit","by","bit","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"As all that stolen matter circles towards the black hole, like water going down a drain,","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","all","that","stolen","matter","circles","towards","the","black","hole",",","like","water","going","down","a","drain",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"friction heats it up to temperatures high enough to shine 500,000 times brighter than our Sun.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["friction","heats","it","up","to","temperatures","high","enough","to","shine","500,000","times","brighter","than","our","Sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And yet, X7 is only 15.65 solar masses and 92 kilometers wide, just big enough to cast a shadow on Corsica.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","X7","is","only","15.65","solar","masses","and","92","kilometers","wide",",","just","big","enough","to","cast","a","shadow","on","Corsica","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"To grow much larger, black holes have to either devour a lot of stars, or better, merge with one another.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["To","grow","much","larger",",","black","holes","have","to","either","devour","a","lot","of","stars",",","or","better",",","merge","with","one","another","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,0,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The instruments that make it possible to detect these mergers are very new, so we're currently discovering a lot of exciting things.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","instruments","that","make","it","possible","to","detect","these","mergers","are","very","new",",","so","we","'re","currently","discovering","a","lot","of","exciting","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"As they spun around each other violently, they released more energy in the form of gravitational waves than the combined light from all the stars in the Milky Way in 4,400 years.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":177,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":32,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","they","spun","around","each","other","violently",",","they","released","more","energy","in","the","form","of","gravitational","waves","than","the","combined","light","from","all","the","stars","in","the","Milky","Way","in","4,400","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The new black hole they formed is about the size of Germany and is 142 solar masses.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","new","black","hole","they","formed","is","about","the","size","of","Germany","and","is","142","solar","masses","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And here, we hit a curious gap in scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","here",",","we","hit","a","curious","gap","in","scale","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"There are lots of black holes up to 150 solar masses, and then, there's nothing for a long time.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["There","are","lots","of","black","holes","up","to","150","solar","masses",",","and","then",",","there","'s","nothing","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Until we suddenly hit black holes that are millions of times more massive.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Until","we","suddenly","hit","black","holes","that","are","millions","of","times","more","massive","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But for the most massive black holes, this process is not fast enough to explain their existence today.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","for","the","most","massive","black","holes",",","this","process","is","not","fast","enough","to","explain","their","existence","today","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The universe is simply not old enough for these supermassive black holes to have formed by eating stars and merging with each other.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","simply","not","old","enough","for","these","supermassive","black","holes","to","have","formed","by","eating","stars","and","merging","with","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Something else must have happened.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Something","else","must","have","happened","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,0]}
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+{"text":"To get a sense of scale, we can compare them to the largest stars that exist today.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","get","a","sense","of","scale",",","we","can","compare","them","to","the","largest","stars","that","exist","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Our Sun is like a grain of sand next to them.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Our","Sun","is","like","a","grain","of","sand","next","to","them","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We don't know if quasi-stars actually existed, but they're an interesting concept when it comes to supercharging black hole development.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":24,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","if","quasi","-","stars","actually","existed",",","but","they","'re","an","interesting","concept","when","it","comes","to","supercharging","black","hole","development","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The idea is that the matter in the early universe was so dense that quasi-stars could grow to thousands of times the mass of our Sun.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","idea","is","that","the","matter","in","the","early","universe","was","so","dense","that","quasi","-","stars","could","grow","to","thousands","of","times","the","mass","of","our","Sun","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The cores of these stars might have been crushed by their own weight so much to actually collapse into black holes while the star was still forming.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","cores","of","these","stars","might","have","been","crushed","by","their","own","weight","so","much","to","actually","collapse","into","black","holes","while","the","star","was","still","forming","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In contrast to stars today that would destroy themselves in the process, inside quasi-stars, a deadly balance could emerge.","spans":[{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":110,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["In","contrast","to","stars","today","that","would","destroy","themselves","in","the","process",",","inside","quasi","-","stars",",","a","deadly","balance","could","emerge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0]}
+{"text":"Gravity pressed the supermassive star together, feeding the black hole and heating the material falling in to such a degree that the radiation pressure kept the star stable.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Gravity","pressed","the","supermassive","star","together",",","feeding","the","black","hole","and","heating","the","material","falling","in","to","such","a","degree","that","the","radiation","pressure","kept","the","star","stable","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And so these quickly growing black holes might have been able to consume the quasi-star for millions of years and grow far bigger than any modern stellar black hole.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":164,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":30,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","so","these","quickly","growing","black","holes","might","have","been","able","to","consume","the","quasi","-","star","for","millions","of","years","and","grow","far","bigger","than","any","modern","stellar","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"These black holes might have become the seeds for supermassive black holes.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","black","holes","might","have","become","the","seeds","for","supermassive","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So now we arrive at the kings of our universe, the largest single bodies in existence.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","now","we","arrive","at","the","kings","of","our","universe",",","the","largest","single","bodies","in","existence","."],"tags":[0,13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The centers of most galaxies contain a supermassive black hole and they are monstrous.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","centers","of","most","galaxies","contain","a","supermassive","black","hole","and","they","are","monstrous","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In the Milky Way we have Sagittarius A star, a supermassive black hole with about 4 million solar masses that is calm and collected and just does its thing.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","the","Milky","Way","we","have","Sagittarius","A","star",",","a","supermassive","black","hole","with","about","4","million","solar","masses","that","is","calm","and","collected","and","just","does","its","thing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We know it sits there because we can see a number of stars being thrown around by a seemingly empty spot.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","know","it","sits","there","because","we","can","see","a","number","of","stars","being","thrown","around","by","a","seemingly","empty","spot","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And despite its incredible mass, its radius is still only 17 times our Sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","despite","its","incredible","mass",",","its","radius","is","still","only","17","times","our","Sun","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Because supermassive black holes are so massive and located at the center of galaxies, many people imagine them as being a bit like the Sun in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":99,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":29,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Because","supermassive","black","holes","are","so","massive","and","located","at","the","center","of","galaxies",",","many","people","imagine","them","as","being","a","bit","like","the","Sun","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Instead, it's the gravitational effect of dark matter which holds them together.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","'s","the","gravitational","effect","of","dark","matter","which","holds","them","together","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,1,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Many supermassive black holes aren't gentle giants, especially when they're feeding on the clouds of mass in their galaxy.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Many","supermassive","black","holes","are","n't","gentle","giants",",","especially","when","they","'re","feeding","on","the","clouds","of","mass","in","their","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The one at the center of the BL Lacerty galaxy is devouring so much material that it produces jets of plasma accelerated to nearly the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","one","at","the","center","of","the","BL","Lacerty","galaxy","is","devouring","so","much","material","that","it","produces","jets","of","plasma","accelerated","to","nearly","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If Earth were orbiting this huge body, it would seem 115 times larger than our Sun in the sky and we'd be burnt to a crisp in seconds by its glowing hot accretion disk.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":98,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","Earth","were","orbiting","this","huge","body",",","it","would","seem","115","times","larger","than","our","Sun","in","the","sky","and","we","'d","be","burnt","to","a","crisp","in","seconds","by","its","glowing","hot","accretion","disk","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"At this point, black holes become so large that stars seem ridiculously tiny compared to them.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","black","holes","become","so","large","that","stars","seem","ridiculously","tiny","compared","to","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The galaxy Cygnus A has a supermassive black hole with 2.5 billion solar masses and 14.7 billion kilometers wide,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","galaxy","Cygnus","A","has","a","supermassive","black","hole","with","2.5","billion","solar","masses","and","14.7","billion","kilometers","wide",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"which would mean that if it took the place of our Sun, it would swallow all the planets and stretch halfway to the edge of our solar system.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":28,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["which","would","mean","that","if","it","took","the","place","of","our","Sun",",","it","would","swallow","all","the","planets","and","stretch","halfway","to","the","edge","of","our","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"But this is a misconception.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","misconception","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"That's two and a half Milky Ways wide.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","two","and","a","half","Milky","Ways","wide","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Another pretty large supermassive black hole sits in the galaxy Messier 87.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Another","pretty","large","supermassive","black","hole","sits","in","the","galaxy","Messier","87","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"And yet, there is a scale even above these kinds of objects.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","there","is","a","scale","even","above","these","kinds","of","objects","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"It's so big that it has a supermassive black hole nearly 40 times larger than Sagittarius A star orbiting it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","big","that","it","has","a","supermassive","black","hole","nearly","40","times","larger","than","Sagittarius","A","star","orbiting","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This thing defies imagination and is really hard to compare to anything.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","thing","defies","imagination","and","is","really","hard","to","compare","to","anything","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Let's end this insane competition and get to the king of kings.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","end","this","insane","competition","and","get","to","the","king","of","kings","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"TON 618, a black hole that we can observe consuming galaxies worth of matter, is shining with the brightness of a hundred trillion stars, visible from 18 billion light years away.","spans":[{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":25,"token_start":18},{"end":178,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":138,"token_end":33,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["TON","618",",","a","black","hole","that","we","can","observe","consuming","galaxies","worth","of","matter",",","is","shining","with","the","brightness","of","a","hundred","trillion","stars",",","visible","from","18","billion","light","years","away","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It has an incredible 66 billion solar masses, a black hole so large that it would take light a week to reach the singularity after crossing the event horizon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":156,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":29,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","has","an","incredible","66","billion","solar","masses",",","a","black","hole","so","large","that","it","would","take","light","a","week","to","reach","the","singularity","after","crossing","the","event","horizon","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"It may very well be the largest single body in the universe, but in reality it's probably even larger.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["It","may","very","well","be","the","largest","single","body","in","the","universe",",","but","in","reality","it","'s","probably","even","larger","."],"tags":[1,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Since TON 618 is so far away, we only see what it looked like 10 billion years ago.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Since","TON","618","is","so","far","away",",","we","only","see","what","it","looked","like","10","billion","years","ago","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Okay, now let's do the trip again.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","now","let","'s","do","the","trip","again","."],"tags":[0,0,13,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Let's try something new today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","something","new","today","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"We can call it Behind the Lies, a short behind the scenes bit about the necessary inaccuracies in this video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","call","it","Behind","the","Lies",",","a","short","behind","the","scenes","bit","about","the","necessary","inaccuracies","in","this","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"That's because black hole gazing wasn't really a thing until 50 years ago, and technically still isn't because we can't see black holes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","because","black","hole","gazing","was","n't","really","a","thing","until","50","years","ago",",","and","technically","still","is","n't","because","we","ca","n't","see","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We can only derive their properties from studying their gravitational effects on the matter around them, like the orbit of stars that come close to them.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":26,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","can","only","derive","their","properties","from","studying","their","gravitational","effects","on","the","matter","around","them",",","like","the","orbit","of","stars","that","come","close","to","them","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This effect depends on the mass of the black hole, which we can approximate at the most basic level with Kepler's laws.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","effect","depends","on","the","mass","of","the","black","hole",",","which","we","can","approximate","at","the","most","basic","level","with","Kepler","'s","laws","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But this comes with huge uncertainties and error bars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","comes","with","huge","uncertainties","and","error","bars","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Then we have to convert mass to size next, which brings new uncertainties.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Then","we","have","to","convert","mass","to","size","next",",","which","brings","new","uncertainties","."],"tags":[13,1,17,18,19,5,13,14,13,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"The reality is that physics on these scales is a bit fuzzy.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","reality","is","that","physics","on","these","scales","is","a","bit","fuzzy","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"You can look at all of this in our source doc.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","look","at","all","of","this","in","our","source","doc","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"In this process, tons of stuff got cut and didn't make it into the final video.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","this","process",",","tons","of","stuff","got","cut","and","did","n't","make","it","into","the","final","video","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"But luckily, we found a way to not waste all of it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","luckily",",","we","found","a","way","to","not","waste","all","of","it","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We've created a lot of black hole merch, spanning the whole range from somewhat bonkers to more serious.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","a","lot","of","black","hole","merch",",","spanning","the","whole","range","from","somewhat","bonkers","to","more","serious","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This way, we get to explore a topic from different angles.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","way",",","we","get","to","explore","a","topic","from","different","angles","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And you get to continue having fun with black holes after this video ends.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","you","get","to","continue","having","fun","with","black","holes","after","this","video","ends","."],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"What is the largest star in the universe?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","is","the","largest","star","in","the","universe","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"And why is it that large?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","why","is","it","that","large","?"],"tags":[0,13,21,1,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"We begin our journey with Earth, not to learn anything, just to get a vague sense of scale.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","begin","our","journey","with","Earth",",","not","to","learn","anything",",","just","to","get","a","vague","sense","of","scale","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The transition towards stars begins with brown dwarfs, failed stars that are a huge disappointment to their mums.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","transition","towards","stars","begins","with","brown","dwarfs",",","failed","stars","that","are","a","huge","disappointment","to","their","mums","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Interestingly, adding lots of mass to a brown dwarf doesn't make it much bigger, just its insides denser.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Interestingly",",","adding","lots","of","mass","to","a","brown","dwarf","does","n't","make","it","much","bigger",",","just","its","insides","denser","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This increases the pressure in the core enough to make certain nuclear fusion reactions happen slowly and the object glow a little.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","increases","the","pressure","in","the","core","enough","to","make","certain","nuclear","fusion","reactions","happen","slowly","and","the","object","glow","a","little","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So brown dwarfs are a sort of glowy gas giant that don't fit into any category very well.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","brown","dwarfs","are","a","sort","of","glowy","gas","giant","that","do","n't","fit","into","any","category","very","well","."],"tags":[13,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But we want to talk about stars, not failed wannabe stars, so let's move on.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","we","want","to","talk","about","stars",",","not","failed","wannabe","stars",",","so","let","'s","move","on","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Once large gas balls pass a certain mass threshold, their cores become hot and dense enough to ignite.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Once","large","gas","balls","pass","a","certain","mass","threshold",",","their","cores","become","hot","and","dense","enough","to","ignite","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Hydrogen is fused to helium in their cores, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Hydrogen","is","fused","to","helium","in","their","cores",",","releasing","tremendous","amounts","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Stars that do that are called main sequence stars.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stars","that","do","that","are","called","main","sequence","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"The more massive a main sequence star is, the hotter and brighter it burns and the shorter its life is.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","more","massive","a","main","sequence","star","is",",","the","hotter","and","brighter","it","burns","and","the","shorter","its","life","is","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,25,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Once the hydrogen burning phase is over, stars grow, up to hundreds of thousands of times their original size.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Once","the","hydrogen","burning","phase","is","over",",","stars","grow",",","up","to","hundreds","of","thousands","of","times","their","original","size","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But these giant phases only last for a fraction of their lifespan.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","these","giant","phases","only","last","for","a","fraction","of","their","lifespan","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So we'll be comparing stars at drastically different stages in their lives.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","we","'ll","be","comparing","stars","at","drastically","different","stages","in","their","lives","."],"tags":[13,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This doesn't make them less impressive, but maybe it's good to keep in mind that we'll be comparing babies to adults.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","does","n't","make","them","less","impressive",",","but","maybe","it","'s","good","to","keep","in","mind","that","we","'ll","be","comparing","babies","to","adults","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The smallest real stars are red dwarfs, about 100 times the mass of Jupiter, barely massive enough to fuse hydrogen to helium.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","smallest","real","stars","are","red","dwarfs",",","about","100","times","the","mass","of","Jupiter",",","barely","massive","enough","to","fuse","hydrogen","to","helium","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Because they are not very massive, they are small, not very hot, and shine pretty dimly.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Because","they","are","not","very","massive",",","they","are","small",",","not","very","hot",",","and","shine","pretty","dimly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"They are the only stars in the main sequence that don't grow once they die, but sort of fizzle out.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","the","only","stars","in","the","main","sequence","that","do","n't","grow","once","they","die",",","but","sort","of","fizzle","out","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Red dwarfs are by far the most abundant type in the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Red","dwarfs","are","by","far","the","most","abundant","type","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Because they burn their fuel very slowly, it lasts them up to 10 trillion years, a thousand times the current age of the universe.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Because","they","burn","their","fuel","very","slowly",",","it","lasts","them","up","to","10","trillion","years",",","a","thousand","times","the","current","age","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"For example, one of the closest stars to Earth is a red dwarf star, Barnard's star, but it shines too dimly to be seen without a telescope.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":18,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":138,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":30,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["For","example",",","one","of","the","closest","stars","to","Earth","is","a","red","dwarf","star",",","Barnard","'s","star",",","but","it","shines","too","dimly","to","be","seen","without","a","telescope","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We made a whole video on red dwarfs if you want to learn more.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","made","a","whole","video","on","red","dwarfs","if","you","want","to","learn","more","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The next stage are stars like our sun.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","next","stage","are","stars","like","our","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"To say the sun dominates the solar system is not doing it justice, since it makes up 99.86% of all its mass.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","say","the","sun","dominates","the","solar","system","is","not","doing","it","justice",",","since","it","makes","up","99.86","%","of","all","its","mass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,27,5,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It burns far hotter and brighter than red dwarfs, which reduces its lifetime to about 10 billion years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","burns","far","hotter","and","brighter","than","red","dwarfs",",","which","reduces","its","lifetime","to","about","10","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The sun is 7 times more massive than Barnard's star, but that makes it nearly 300 times brighter with twice its surface temperature.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","sun","is","7","times","more","massive","than","Barnard","'s","star",",","but","that","makes","it","nearly","300","times","brighter","with","twice","its","surface","temperature","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Small changes in mass produce enormous changes in a main sequence star's brightness.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Small","changes","in","mass","produce","enormous","changes","in","a","main","sequence","star","'s","brightness","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The brightest star in the night sky, Sirius, is two solar masses with a radius 1.7 times that of the sun, but its surface is nearly 10,000 degrees Celsius, making it shine 25 times brighter.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":11},{"end":109,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":106,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":189,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":110,"token_end":38,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["The","brightest","star","in","the","night","sky",",","Sirius",",","is","two","solar","masses","with","a","radius","1.7","times","that","of","the","sun",",","but","its","surface","is","nearly","10,000","degrees","Celsius",",","making","it","shine","25","times","brighter","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Burning that hot reduces its total lifespan by 4 times to 2.5 billion years.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Burning","that","hot","reduces","its","total","lifespan","by","4","times","to","2.5","billion","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Stars close to 10 times the mass of our sun have surface temperatures near 25,000 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Stars","close","to","10","times","the","mass","of","our","sun","have","surface","temperatures","near","25,000","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Beta Centauri contains two of these massive stars, each shining with about 20,000 times the power of the sun.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Beta","Centauri","contains","two","of","these","massive","stars",",","each","shining","with","about","20,000","times","the","power","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"That's a lot of power coming from something only 13 times larger, but they'll only burn for about 20 million years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","lot","of","power","coming","from","something","only","13","times","larger",",","but","they","'ll","only","burn","for","about","20","million","years","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Entire generations of these blue stars die in the time it takes the sun to orbit the galaxy once.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Entire","generations","of","these","blue","stars","die","in","the","time","it","takes","the","sun","to","orbit","the","galaxy","once","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So is this the formula?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","this","the","formula","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"The most massive star that we know is R136a1.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","most","massive","star","that","we","know","is","R136a1","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"It has 315 solar masses and is nearly 9 million times brighter than the sun.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","has","315","solar","masses","and","is","nearly","9","million","times","brighter","than","the","sun","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And yet, despite its tremendous mass and power, it's barely 30 times the size of the sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","despite","its","tremendous","mass","and","power",",","it","'s","barely","30","times","the","size","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The star is so extreme and barely held together by gravity that it loses 321,000 billion tons of material through its stellar wind.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","star","is","so","extreme","and","barely","held","together","by","gravity","that","it","loses","321,000","billion","tons","of","material","through","its","stellar","wind","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,14,14,14,29,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Stars of this sort are extremely rare because they break the rules of star formation a tiny bit.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Stars","of","this","sort","are","extremely","rare","because","they","break","the","rules","of","star","formation","a","tiny","bit","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"When supermassive stars are born, they burn extremely hot and bright, and this blows away any extra gas that could make them more massive.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":137,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["When","supermassive","stars","are","born",",","they","burn","extremely","hot","and","bright",",","and","this","blows","away","any","extra","gas","that","could","make","them","more","massive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So the mass limit for such a star is around 150 times the sun.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","the","mass","limit","for","such","a","star","is","around","150","times","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Stars like R136a1 are probably formed through the merger of several high-mass stars in dense star-forming regions and burn their core hydrogen in only a few million years.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":6},{"end":116,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":114,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":31,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["Stars","like","R136a1","are","probably","formed","through","the","merger","of","several","high","-","mass","stars","in","dense","star","-","forming","regions","and","burn","their","core","hydrogen","in","only","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"So this means they are rare and short-lived.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","this","means","they","are","rare","and","short","-","lived","."],"tags":[13,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"From here, the trick to going bigger isn't adding more mass.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["From","here",",","the","trick","to","going","bigger","is","n't","adding","more","mass","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,27,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"To make the biggest stars, we have to kill them.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["To","make","the","biggest","stars",",","we","have","to","kill","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"When main-sequence stars begin to exhaust the hydrogen in their core, it contracts, making it hotter and denser.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","main","-","sequence","stars","begin","to","exhaust","the","hydrogen","in","their","core",",","it","contracts",",","making","it","hotter","and","denser","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This leads to hotter and faster fusion, which pushes back against gravity and makes the outer layers swell in a giant phase.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","leads","to","hotter","and","faster","fusion",",","which","pushes","back","against","gravity","and","makes","the","outer","layers","swell","in","a","giant","phase","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And these stars become truly giant indeed.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","these","stars","become","truly","giant","indeed","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,13,0]}
+{"text":"Only 30% more massive than the sun, it has swollen to about 84 times its radius.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Only","30","%","more","massive","than","the","sun",",","it","has","swollen","to","about","84","times","its","radius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Still, when the sun enters the last stage of its life, it will swell and become even bigger, 200 times its current radius.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Still",",","when","the","sun","enters","the","last","stage","of","its","life",",","it","will","swell","and","become","even","bigger",",","200","times","its","current","radius","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"In this final phase of its life, it will swallow the inner planets.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","this","final","phase","of","its","life",",","it","will","swallow","the","inner","planets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And if you think that's impressive, let's finally introduce the largest stars in the universe, Hypergiants.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":106,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","if","you","think","that","'s","impressive",",","let","'s","finally","introduce","the","largest","stars","in","the","universe",",","Hypergiants","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Pistol Star is 25 solar masses, but 300 times the radius of the sun, a blue hypergiant aptly named for its energetic blue starlight.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Pistol","Star","is","25","solar","masses",",","but","300","times","the","radius","of","the","sun",",","a","blue","hypergiant","aptly","named","for","its","energetic","blue","starlight","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
+{"text":"It's hard to say exactly how long Pistol Star will live, but probably just a few million years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","say","exactly","how","long","Pistol","Star","will","live",",","but","probably","just","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Even larger than the blue hypergiants are the yellow hypergiants.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Even","larger","than","the","blue","hypergiants","are","the","yellow","hypergiants","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The most well-studied is Rho Cassiopeia, a star so bright it can be seen with the naked eye although it's thousands of light-years from Earth.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":30,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","most","well","-","studied","is","Rho","Cassiopeia",",","a","star","so","bright","it","can","be","seen","with","the","naked","eye","although","it","'s","thousands","of","light","-","years","from","Earth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"At 40 solar masses, this star is around 500 times the radius of the sun and 500,000 times brighter.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","40","solar","masses",",","this","star","is","around","500","times","the","radius","of","the","sun","and","500,000","times","brighter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If the Earth were as close to Rho Cassiopeia as it is to the sun, it'd be incited and you would be very dead.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":85,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":86,"token_end":25,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","the","Earth","were","as","close","to","Rho","Cassiopeia","as","it","is","to","the","sun",",","it","'d","be","incited","and","you","would","be","very","dead","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Yellow hypergiants are very rare though, only 15 are known.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Yellow","hypergiants","are","very","rare","though",",","only","15","are","known","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This means they're likely just a short-lived intermediate state, as a star grows or shrinks between other phases of hypergiantness.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","they","'re","likely","just","a","short","-","lived","intermediate","state",",","as","a","star","grows","or","shrinks","between","other","phases","of","hypergiantness","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"With red hypergiants, we reach the largest stars known to us, probably the largest stars even possible.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["With","red","hypergiants",",","we","reach","the","largest","stars","known","to","us",",","probably","the","largest","stars","even","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So who's the winner of this insane contest?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","who","'s","the","winner","of","this","insane","contest","?"],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the truth is, we don't know.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","truth","is",",","we","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Red hypergiants are extremely bright and far away, which means that even tiny uncertainties in our measurements can give us a huge margin of error for their size.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Red","hypergiants","are","extremely","bright","and","far","away",",","which","means","that","even","tiny","uncertainties","in","our","measurements","can","give","us","a","huge","margin","of","error","for","their","size","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"As we do more science and our instruments improve, whatever the largest star is will change.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","we","do","more","science","and","our","instruments","improve",",","whatever","the","largest","star","is","will","change","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,0]}
+{"text":"The star that is currently thought to be among the largest we've found is Stephenson 218.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","star","that","is","currently","thought","to","be","among","the","largest","we","'ve","found","is","Stephenson","218","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"While typical red hypergiants are 1,500 times the size of the sun, the largest rough estimate places Stephenson 218 at 2,150 solar radii and shining with almost half a million times the power of the sun.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":99,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":114,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":23,"token_start":20},{"end":139,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":137,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":201,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":141,"token_end":36,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["While","typical","red","hypergiants","are","1,500","times","the","size","of","the","sun",",","the","largest","rough","estimate","places","Stephenson","218","at","2,150","solar","radii","and","shining","with","almost","half","a","million","times","the","power","of","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"We've created our first app, Universe in a Nutshell, together with Tim Urban, the brain behind Wait But Why.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","'ve","created","our","first","app",",","Universe","in","a","Nutshell",",","together","with","Tim","Urban",",","the","brain","behind","Wait","But","Why","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"All future updates are included.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","future","updates","are","included","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,0]}
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+{"text":"Rapid climate change, political division, our greed and failings make it hard to look at our species with a lot of optimism, and so many people think our end is in sight.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":123,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":13},{"end":128,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":125,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":129,"token_end":34,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Rapid","climate","change",",","political","division",",","our","greed","and","failings","make","it","hard","to","look","at","our","species","with","a","lot","of","optimism",",","and","so","many","people","think","our","end","is","in","sight","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But humans have always thought they lived in the end times.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","humans","have","always","thought","they","lived","in","the","end","times","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Every generation assumes they're important enough to witness the apocalypse, and then life just goes on.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Every","generation","assumes","they","'re","important","enough","to","witness","the","apocalypse",",","and","then","life","just","goes","on","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"What makes this worse is that we may actually be living at an extremely critical moment in human history.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","makes","this","worse","is","that","we","may","actually","be","living","at","an","extremely","critical","moment","in","human","history","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"To understand why, let's look at the temporal window of humanity and ask, when will the last human be born, and how many people will there ever be?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":146,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":31,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","understand","why",",","let","'s","look","at","the","temporal","window","of","humanity","and","ask",",","when","will","the","last","human","be","born",",","and","how","many","people","will","there","ever","be","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Modern humans arose some 200,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Modern","humans","arose","some","200,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"They were uniquely good at making tools, telling stories, thinking abstractly, planning and working together in large groups beyond their close family.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":149,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","were","uniquely","good","at","making","tools",",","telling","stories",",","thinking","abstractly",",","planning","and","working","together","in","large","groups","beyond","their","close","family","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Still, there were not that many of us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","there","were","not","that","many","of","us","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,37,1,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Surpluses of food were scarce, survival was hard, life expectancy was low.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Surpluses","of","food","were","scarce",",","survival","was","hard",",","life","expectancy","was","low","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"It took us 150,000 years to grow to a population of 2 million.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","took","us","150,000","years","to","grow","to","a","population","of","2","million","."],"tags":[1,23,9,7,8,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Improvements were gradual and eventually led to the agricultural revolution, arguably the biggest change in our history.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Improvements","were","gradual","and","eventually","led","to","the","agricultural","revolution",",","arguably","the","biggest","change","in","our","history","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This was when our numbers really started growing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","was","when","our","numbers","really","started","growing","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It took 10,000 more years to get to 300 million.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","took","10,000","more","years","to","get","to","300","million","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But that increase was dwarfed by the industrial revolution.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","that","increase","was","dwarfed","by","the","industrial","revolution","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In 1800, there were a billion of us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","1800",",","there","were","a","billion","of","us","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,23,1,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The human population doubled in just 120 years, and then again in 50.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","human","population","doubled","in","just","120","years",",","and","then","again","in","50","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Today, we number around 8 billion.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","number","around","8","billion","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In total, over the last 200,000 years, about 117 billion humans were born and lived, and 109 billion also died.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","total",",","over","the","last","200,000","years",",","about","117","billion","humans","were","born","and","lived",",","and","109","billion","also","died","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Which means that about 7% of all humans that ever lived are alive right now, as many as were born in the first 150,000 years of human history.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Which","means","that","about","7","%","of","all","humans","that","ever","lived","are","alive","right","now",",","as","many","as","were","born","in","the","first","150,000","years","of","human","history","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Every minute, 270 babies join the party.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Every","minute",",","270","babies","join","the","party","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"But there aren't just more people.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","there","are","n't","just","more","people","."],"tags":[0,3,21,37,13,1,2,0]}
+{"text":"Never before have we been as healthy and well-off or lived longer.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Never","before","have","we","been","as","healthy","and","well","-","off","or","lived","longer","."],"tags":[13,14,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"With growing living standards, our birth rates collapsed.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["With","growing","living","standards",",","our","birth","rates","collapsed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,0]}
+{"text":"The UN estimates that around the year 2100, we will hit our population peak and there will be 125 million people born each year.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":24,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","UN","estimates","that","around","the","year","2100",",","we","will","hit","our","population","peak","and","there","will","be","125","million","people","born","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It's pretty unlikely that birth rates will stay stable forever, but let's pretend to make our thought experiment simpler.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["It","'s","pretty","unlikely","that","birth","rates","will","stay","stable","forever",",","but","let","'s","pretend","to","make","our","thought","experiment","simpler","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"How many people there will be in the future depends on when our species will die out.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["How","many","people","there","will","be","in","the","future","depends","on","when","our","species","will","die","out","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And here, we find a lot of uncertainties.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","here",",","we","find","a","lot","of","uncertainties","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We are able to destroy ourselves through our own inventions, but we are also able to find solutions to avert catastrophic risk.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","are","able","to","destroy","ourselves","through","our","own","inventions",",","but","we","are","also","able","to","find","solutions","to","avert","catastrophic","risk","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"If things go badly, our end could come suddenly.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","things","go","badly",",","our","end","could","come","suddenly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,13,0]}
+{"text":"But if we manage to avoid that, we could conceivably stick around for a long time.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","if","we","manage","to","avoid","that",",","we","could","conceivably","stick","around","for","a","long","time","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So every day we don't destroy ourselves may mean life for an unfathomable number of humans.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So","every","day","we","do","n't","destroy","ourselves","may","mean","life","for","an","unfathomable","number","of","humans","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It depends on how far our species is going to expand.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","how","far","our","species","is","going","to","expand","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Scenario 1, Humans will never leave Earth.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Scenario","1",",","Humans","will","never","leave","Earth","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"If we stay on our home planet, a good metric to look at is the extinction rate of animals that we get from the fossil record.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","we","stay","on","our","home","planet",",","a","good","metric","to","look","at","is","the","extinction","rate","of","animals","that","we","get","from","the","fossil","record","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The average lifespan of mammalian species is in the region of 1 million years, with some surviving up to 10 million years.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","average","lifespan","of","mammalian","species","is","in","the","region","of","1","million","years",",","with","some","surviving","up","to","10","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Our close relative Homo erectus survived for about 1.9 million years.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","close","relative","Homo","erectus","survived","for","about","1.9","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's be conservative and assume that humans will survive for a million years, which leaves us 800,000 more years to dawdle away.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","be","conservative","and","assume","that","humans","will","survive","for","a","million","years",",","which","leaves","us","800,000","more","years","to","dawdle","away","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Assuming a stable birth rate of 125 million people each year, this means there are roughly 100 trillion humans waiting to be born.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":129,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Assuming","a","stable","birth","rate","of","125","million","people","each","year",",","this","means","there","are","roughly","100","trillion","humans","waiting","to","be","born","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This would make everybody alive today only 0.008% of all people that will ever live.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","would","make","everybody","alive","today","only","0.008","%","of","all","people","that","will","ever","live","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,33,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Think about where this leaves you.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","about","where","this","leaves","you","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Doesn't this feel incredibly different?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","n't","this","feel","incredibly","different","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"And now, consider that this may be an extremely pessimistic estimate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","now",",","consider","that","this","may","be","an","extremely","pessimistic","estimate","."],"tags":[0,13,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"If we match the survival time of the most successful mammals, then our future numbers rise to 1.2 quadrillion people that have yet to be born.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":86,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","match","the","survival","time","of","the","most","successful","mammals",",","then","our","future","numbers","rise","to","1.2","quadrillion","people","that","have","yet","to","be","born","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And even this seems far from our potential.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","even","this","seems","far","from","our","potential","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"As the sun slowly gets hotter and brighter, Earth will remain habitable for about 500 million years, giving so many more potential people the chance to become actual people.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":171,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["As","the","sun","slowly","gets","hotter","and","brighter",",","Earth","will","remain","habitable","for","about","500","million","years",",","giving","so","many","more","potential","people","the","chance","to","become","actual","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And now, let's begin to think big.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","now",",","let","'s","begin","to","think","big","."],"tags":[0,13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Scenario 2, Humans will leave Earth.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Scenario","2",",","Humans","will","leave","Earth","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"We went from humans worshipping the moon to humans walking on it, so who knows how much further we can go.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":21,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["We","went","from","humans","worshipping","the","moon","to","humans","walking","on","it",",","so","who","knows","how","much","further","we","can","go","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If we don't die out within the next few hundred years, ideas that seem outlandish right now become serious considerations.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","die","out","within","the","next","few","hundred","years",",","ideas","that","seem","outlandish","right","now","become","serious","considerations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"If we believe that we have a chance of surviving for maybe millions of years, then we could expand onto the other planets or into our own artificial worlds.","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","we","believe","that","we","have","a","chance","of","surviving","for","maybe","millions","of","years",",","then","we","could","expand","onto","the","other","planets","or","into","our","own","artificial","worlds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"An interconnected civilization spanning the solar system would create the basis of existence for an absurd number of individuals, orders of magnitude more than if we stick to Earth, even if we only existed for a few million years.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":228,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":40,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["An","interconnected","civilization","spanning","the","solar","system","would","create","the","basis","of","existence","for","an","absurd","number","of","individuals",",","orders","of","magnitude","more","than","if","we","stick","to","Earth",",","even","if","we","only","existed","for","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This future doesn't have to be grim and dark as science fiction likes to paint it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["This","future","does","n't","have","to","be","grim","and","dark","as","science","fiction","likes","to","paint","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,17,18,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"With quadrillions of people waiting to be born, we will have billions of doctors working on curing cancer, billions of problem solvers working on ending poverty, and billions of video game developers making life fun.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":214,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":37,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["With","quadrillions","of","people","waiting","to","be","born",",","we","will","have","billions","of","doctors","working","on","curing","cancer",",","billions","of","problem","solvers","working","on","ending","poverty",",","and","billions","of","video","game","developers","making","life","fun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"More humans may actually mean more progress.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["More","humans","may","actually","mean","more","progress","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If we manage to survive for that long, slow evolution or genetic engineering might split us into multiple species, or we might intentionally keep ourselves the same as we are now.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":19,"token_start":17},{"end":117,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":115,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":118,"token_end":32,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["If","we","manage","to","survive","for","that","long",",","slow","evolution","or","genetic","engineering","might","split","us","into","multiple","species",",","or","we","might","intentionally","keep","ourselves","the","same","as","we","are","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So to account for that, we'll just talk about people from now on, instead of humans.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","to","account","for","that",",","we","'ll","just","talk","about","people","from","now","on",",","instead","of","humans","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,31,32,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, now let's think really big.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","now","let","'s","think","really","big","."],"tags":[0,0,13,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Scenario 3, people leave the solar system.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Scenario","3",",","people","leave","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"As enormous as the solar system is, it is just one star system among billions in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","enormous","as","the","solar","system","is",",","it","is","just","one","star","system","among","billions","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If future people can colonize, say, 100 billion stars, and live there for 10 billion years, with each generating 100 million births per year, then we can expect something like a hundred octillion lives to be lived in the future.","spans":[{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":27,"token_start":0},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":149,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":147,"token_end":30,"token_start":30},{"end":153,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":150,"token_end":31,"token_start":31},{"end":160,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":154,"token_end":32,"token_start":32},{"end":227,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":161,"token_end":44,"token_start":33}],"tokens":["If","future","people","can","colonize",",","say",",","100","billion","stars",",","and","live","there","for","10","billion","years",",","with","each","generating","100","million","births","per","year",",","then","we","can","expect","something","like","a","hundred","octillion","lives","to","be","lived","in","the","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This is a one with 29 zeros.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","one","with","29","zeros","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We can spend this up as much as we like.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","can","spend","this","up","as","much","as","we","like","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The Andromeda Galaxy will merge with the Milky Way, adding another trillion stars for us to settle.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Andromeda","Galaxy","will","merge","with","the","Milky","Way",",","adding","another","trillion","stars","for","us","to","settle","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Red dwarfs stay active for up to a trillion years, and future civilizations might even find energy for their habitats around black holes.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Red","dwarfs","stay","active","for","up","to","a","trillion","years",",","and","future","civilizations","might","even","find","energy","for","their","habitats","around","black","holes","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"A sufficiently advanced civilization of our descendants might even try to reach other galaxy groups.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","sufficiently","advanced","civilization","of","our","descendants","might","even","try","to","reach","other","galaxy","groups","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"While these numbers are mind-blowing, they may underestimate the number of unborn people by many orders of magnitude.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","these","numbers","are","mind","-","blowing",",","they","may","underestimate","the","number","of","unborn","people","by","many","orders","of","magnitude","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If we divide the total energy available in a galaxy by the average energy needs of a single person, then we get a tridicillion potential lives.","spans":[{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":108,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":141,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","divide","the","total","energy","available","in","a","galaxy","by","the","average","energy","needs","of","a","single","person",",","then","we","get","a","tridicillion","potential","lives","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Hopefully, what's become evident is that if we don't kill ourselves in the next few centuries or millennia, almost all humans that will ever exist will live in the future.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":169,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":33,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Hopefully",",","what","'s","become","evident","is","that","if","we","do","n't","kill","ourselves","in","the","next","few","centuries","or","millennia",",","almost","all","humans","that","will","ever","exist","will","live","in","the","future","."],"tags":[11,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We exist at a high point in human history, with incredible possibilities at our grasp.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["We","exist","at","a","high","point","in","human","history",",","with","incredible","possibilities","at","our","grasp","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Imagine the sun as a huge pressure cooker that fuses hydrogen into helium in its core through its gravity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","sun","as","a","huge","pressure","cooker","that","fuses","hydrogen","into","helium","in","its","core","through","its","gravity","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"While doing so, it will shed its outer layers.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["While","doing","so",",","it","will","shed","its","outer","layers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If you tried to land on it, you'd immediately be compressed into a steaming puddle.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","tried","to","land","on","it",",","you","'d","immediately","be","compressed","into","a","steaming","puddle","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"At the edges of these day and night zones, life could be possible.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["At","the","edges","of","these","day","and","night","zones",",","life","could","be","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"But why do they shine so much longer than other star types?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","why","do","they","shine","so","much","longer","than","other","star","types","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Galaxies will have evaporated.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Galaxies","will","have","evaporated","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0]}
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+{"text":"The universe will enter its last stage, heat death, which will leave the universe unrecognizable.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","universe","will","enter","its","last","stage",",","heat","death",",","which","will","leave","the","universe","unrecognizable","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Nothing new will happen anymore.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Nothing","new","will","happen","anymore","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,0]}
+{"text":"While this may sound kind of dark, this is so far away that for our purposes today, it might as well not happen at all.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","this","may","sound","kind","of","dark",",","this","is","so","far","away","that","for","our","purposes","today",",","it","might","as","well","not","happen","at","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Right now, we happen to exist at an excellent time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","happen","to","exist","at","an","excellent","time","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,33,34,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"So what do we know about them and why are they our last hope?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","what","do","we","know","about","them","and","why","are","they","our","last","hope","?"],"tags":[13,5,15,1,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"This side would be incredibly hot, while the shadow side would be frozen, which makes it hard for life to develop.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","side","would","be","incredibly","hot",",","while","the","shadow","side","would","be","frozen",",","which","makes","it","hard","for","life","to","develop","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Although a planet with a big enough ocean might be able to distribute the star's energy and create some kind of stability.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Although","a","planet","with","a","big","enough","ocean","might","be","able","to","distribute","the","star","'s","energy","and","create","some","kind","of","stability","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"All the gravitational forces of the red dwarf could squeeze the planet and heat it up so much that it might lose all its water over time.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":26,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["All","the","gravitational","forces","of","the","red","dwarf","could","squeeze","the","planet","and","heat","it","up","so","much","that","it","might","lose","all","its","water","over","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"These planets could end up like Venus, a hot, burning hell.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","planets","could","end","up","like","Venus",",","a","hot",",","burning","hell","."],"tags":[1,2,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Another problem is that many red dwarfs vary in their energy output.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Another","problem","is","that","many","red","dwarfs","vary","in","their","energy","output","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"They can be covered in star spots that can dim their emitted light by up to 40% for months, which would cause oceans on planets to freeze over.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":29,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["They","can","be","covered","in","star","spots","that","can","dim","their","emitted","light","by","up","to","40","%","for","months",",","which","would","cause","oceans","on","planets","to","freeze","over","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"At other times, they can emit powerful solar flares, sudden outbursts of energy incredibly powerful.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","other","times",",","they","can","emit","powerful","solar","flares",",","sudden","outbursts","of","energy","incredibly","powerful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Life on Earth has existed for about 4 billion years, and we have about a billion years left before the sun becomes so hot that complex life on Earth will become impossible.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":171,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":32,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Life","on","Earth","has","existed","for","about","4","billion","years",",","and","we","have","about","a","billion","years","left","before","the","sun","becomes","so","hot","that","complex","life","on","Earth","will","become","impossible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We will either die out or leave Earth and look for a new home.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","will","either","die","out","or","leave","Earth","and","look","for","a","new","home","."],"tags":[1,15,0,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to help us make more of them, we really appreciate your support.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","of","them",",","we","really","appreciate","your","support","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"But what is the last thing that will ever happen, and when will it be?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","what","is","the","last","thing","that","will","ever","happen",",","and","when","will","it","be","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"It takes at least 10 trillion years, more than 700 times longer than the current age of the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","takes","at","least","10","trillion","years",",","more","than","700","times","longer","than","the","current","age","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,25,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Over trillions and trillions of years, every object in every galaxy is eventually either ejected into the void, or its orbit decays and it will fall into the central black hole and be destroyed.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":96,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":112,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":193,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":115,"token_end":35,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Over","trillions","and","trillions","of","years",",","every","object","in","every","galaxy","is","eventually","either","ejected","into","the","void",",","or","its","orbit","decays","and","it","will","fall","into","the","central","black","hole","and","be","destroyed","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,0,29,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"After this unsettling amount of time, we're not even close to the end.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["After","this","unsettling","amount","of","time",",","we","'re","not","even","close","to","the","end","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Now is the time of the black hole.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Now","is","the","time","of","the","black","hole","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"It turns out there's some weird physics going on inside the dead husk of stars.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","there","'s","some","weird","physics","going","on","inside","the","dead","husk","of","stars","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A black dwarf is a sphere the size of Earth, as massive as a star, but almost as cold as absolute zero.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","black","dwarf","is","a","sphere","the","size","of","Earth",",","as","massive","as","a","star",",","but","almost","as","cold","as","absolute","zero","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Stars stay alive because of their intense heat in their cores.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Stars","stay","alive","because","of","their","intense","heat","in","their","cores","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So why do black dwarfs not collapse into a black hole?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","why","do","black","dwarfs","not","collapse","into","a","black","hole","?"],"tags":[13,13,15,1,2,37,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"What keeps them together?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","keeps","them","together","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,33,0]}
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+{"text":"The pressure is so great that electrons can't combine with nuclei to form atoms.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","pressure","is","so","great","that","electrons","ca","n't","combine","with","nuclei","to","form","atoms","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Instead, matter is weird, degenerate.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","matter","is","weird",",","degenerate","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"We're simplifying, but imagine matter as a subway train and electrons as passengers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'re","simplifying",",","but","imagine","matter","as","a","subway","train","and","electrons","as","passengers","."],"tags":[1,15,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"The passengers are forced to sit and stand close together, which they hate.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","passengers","are","forced","to","sit","and","stand","close","together",",","which","they","hate","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And so the passengers, our electrons, try to push out against gravity as hard as they can.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","so","the","passengers",",","our","electrons",",","try","to","push","out","against","gravity","as","hard","as","they","can","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,0,39,40,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Simplifying a lot, when particles get close enough, sometimes they can jump at each other and fuse together.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Simplifying","a","lot",",","when","particles","get","close","enough",",","sometimes","they","can","jump","at","each","other","and","fuse","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,19,13,14,14,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"It's one of the key reasons stars can fuse elements into new ones.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","one","of","the","key","reasons","stars","can","fuse","elements","into","new","ones","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Another 100 trillion years pass.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Another","100","trillion","years","pass","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,0]}
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+{"text":"As eons pass, the nuclei in the frozen black dwarf slowly combine.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","eons","pass",",","the","nuclei","in","the","frozen","black","dwarf","slowly","combine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,19,0]}
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+{"text":"That's a brief moment in comparison to what's going on here.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","brief","moment","in","comparison","to","what","'s","going","on","here","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Until, when silicon nuclei fuse, they form nickel-56.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until",",","when","silicon","nuclei","fuse",",","they","form","nickel-56","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
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+{"text":"In the case of the most massive black dwarfs, this is catastrophic.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","case","of","the","most","massive","black","dwarfs",",","this","is","catastrophic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"And then, finally, the last thing to ever happen, happens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","then",",","finally",",","the","last","thing","to","ever","happen",",","happens","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0,25,0]}
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+{"text":"A beautiful moment nobody will get to enjoy.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","beautiful","moment","nobody","will","get","to","enjoy","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,17,18,19,0]}
+{"text":"And then, as quickly as it began, it's all over.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","then",",","as","quickly","as","it","began",",","it","'s","all","over","."],"tags":[0,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"To get all of this into one video, we'll grossly oversimplify a few things, but we'll provide you with further reading if you want more details.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":79,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["To","get","all","of","this","into","one","video",",","we","'ll","grossly","oversimplify","a","few","things",",","but","we","'ll","provide","you","with","further","reading","if","you","want","more","details","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"But then again, who cares?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","then","again",",","who","cares","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,25,0]}
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+{"text":"Selective breeding is basically hoping for lucky hits.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Selective","breeding","is","basically","hoping","for","lucky","hits","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Genetic engineering eliminates this factor.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Genetic","engineering","eliminates","this","factor","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"So why are people concerned about them?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","why","are","people","concerned","about","them","?"],"tags":[13,13,21,1,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Let's start with one of the most common objections to GMOs.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","one","of","the","most","common","objections","to","GMOs","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"The very concept of this, however, caused a public outcry, stopping the technology being put to use.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","very","concept","of","this",",","however",",","caused","a","public","outcry",",","stopping","the","technology","being","put","to","use","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,13,0,23,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Many crops pollinate themselves, and all crops have to be related to mingle.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Many","crops","pollinate","themselves",",","and","all","crops","have","to","be","related","to","mingle","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"There are also cultural methods like buffer zones to keep unintentional crossing at a minimum.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","also","cultural","methods","like","buffer","zones","to","keep","unintentional","crossing","at","a","minimum","."],"tags":[3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Is food that comes from GM crops different to food from non-GM crops?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Is","food","that","comes","from","GM","crops","different","to","food","from","non","-","GM","crops","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,2,2,2,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This question has been a major concern from the very beginning.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","question","has","been","a","major","concern","from","the","very","beginning","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"After more than 30 years and thousands of studies, the science is in.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["After","more","than","30","years","and","thousands","of","studies",",","the","science","is","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"But don't just take our word for it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","do","n't","just","take","our","word","for","it","."],"tags":[0,15,37,13,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Sources for this and other claims are in the video description.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Sources","for","this","and","other","claims","are","in","the","video","description","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"A gene borrowed from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis lets engineered plants produce a protein that destroys the digestive system of specific insect pests.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":158,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","gene","borrowed","from","the","bacterium","Bacillus","thuringiensis","lets","engineered","plants","produce","a","protein","that","destroys","the","digestive","system","of","specific","insect","pests","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"while the poison in Bt crops is inside the plant.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["while","the","poison","in","Bt","crops","is","inside","the","plant","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But actually, it's not a big deal.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","actually",",","it","'s","not","a","big","deal","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Poison is really just a question of different perspectives.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Poison","is","really","just","a","question","of","different","perspectives","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"What's harmless to one species might kill another.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","'s","harmless","to","one","species","might","kill","another","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"Coffee, for example, is a poison that kills insects but is harmless to us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Coffee",",","for","example",",","is","a","poison","that","kills","insects","but","is","harmless","to","us","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It's dangerous for dogs but a pleasure for humans.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","dangerous","for","dogs","but","a","pleasure","for","humans","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It's completely harmless for us.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","completely","harmless","for","us","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"There's also the opposite approach.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","'s","also","the","opposite","approach","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Here we get to the dark underbelly of GMOs.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Here","we","get","to","the","dark","underbelly","of","GMOs","."],"tags":[13,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"That isn't only bad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","is","n't","only","bad","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Let's look at some positive examples.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","some","positive","examples","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Eggplant is an important crop in Bangladesh, but often whole harvests are destroyed by pests.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Eggplant","is","an","important","crop","in","Bangladesh",",","but","often","whole","harvests","are","destroyed","by","pests","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Not only was this very expensive, farmers also frequently got sick.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Not","only","was","this","very","expensive",",","farmers","also","frequently","got","sick","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,13,13,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"And sometimes a GM approach is the only option.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","sometimes","a","GM","approach","is","the","only","option","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In the 1990s, the papaya industry in Hawaii was under attack from the ring spot virus, which threatened to wipe out Hawaiian papaya.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","1990s",",","the","papaya","industry","in","Hawaii","was","under","attack","from","the","ring","spot","virus",",","which","threatened","to","wipe","out","Hawaiian","papaya","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"All these stories show a very narrow application.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","these","stories","show","a","very","narrow","application","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to learn more about genetic modification, we have more videos explaining the opportunities and risks of the technology, and how it could impact our future.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":165,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","learn","more","about","genetic","modification",",","we","have","more","videos","explaining","the","opportunities","and","risks","of","the","technology",",","and","how","it","could","impact","our","future","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A breathtaking scientific revolution is taking place.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","breathtaking","scientific","revolution","is","taking","place","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,31,32,0]}
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+{"text":"Gene therapy creates cures to previously untreatable diseases, while we're working on food crops resistant to climate change.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Gene","therapy","creates","cures","to","previously","untreatable","diseases",",","while","we","'re","working","on","food","crops","resistant","to","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Our mastery over biology has been speeding up so much that within weeks of the first COVID-19 case, the unknown coronavirus was broken down in laboratories and analyzed.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":168,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":28,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Our","mastery","over","biology","has","been","speeding","up","so","much","that","within","weeks","of","the","first","COVID-19","case",",","the","unknown","coronavirus","was","broken","down","in","laboratories","and","analyzed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Scientists generated a copy of its genetic material to create a vaccine that was ready for testing months after the pandemic began.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Scientists","generated","a","copy","of","its","genetic","material","to","create","a","vaccine","that","was","ready","for","testing","months","after","the","pandemic","began","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Where is all this sudden progress coming from?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Where","is","all","this","sudden","progress","coming","from","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,2,2,2,31,32,0]}
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+{"text":"But in a nutshell, really expensive things got cheap, and knowledge of how to do impressive things spread freely.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","in","a","nutshell",",","really","expensive","things","got","cheap",",","and","knowledge","of","how","to","do","impressive","things","spread","freely","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The Human Genome Project, starting in 1990, was the first major attempt to read human DNA in its entirety.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","Human","Genome","Project",",","starting","in","1990",",","was","the","first","major","attempt","to","read","human","DNA","in","its","entirety","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Thirteen years and three billion dollars later, it was complete.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Thirteen","years","and","three","billion","dollars","later",",","it","was","complete","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"What sped up the process even more is that information in the field is shared widely and freely.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","sped","up","the","process","even","more","is","that","information","in","the","field","is","shared","widely","and","freely","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Cutting-edge discoveries now take just about a year to be copied in laboratories around the world,","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Cutting","-","edge","discoveries","now","take","just","about","a","year","to","be","copied","in","laboratories","around","the","world",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Imagine that your local computer repair shop could build a pristine iPhone 11 with just the parts lying around, and that teenagers are asked to build a new iPhone 5 for homework.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":177,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":32,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","that","your","local","computer","repair","shop","could","build","a","pristine","iPhone","11","with","just","the","parts","lying","around",",","and","that","teenagers","are","asked","to","build","a","new","iPhone","5","for","homework","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This is what's going on right now in biotechnology, a true revolution.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","'s","going","on","right","now","in","biotechnology",",","a","true","revolution","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"We are adding knowledge at unprecedented rates, while things get ever faster and cheaper to do.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":16,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","are","adding","knowledge","at","unprecedented","rates",",","while","things","get","ever","faster","and","cheaper","to","do","."],"tags":[1,15,27,5,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This speed means we can expect even more wonderful things for humanity.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","speed","means","we","can","expect","even","more","wonderful","things","for","humanity","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But, unfortunately, progress cuts both ways.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But",",","unfortunately",",","progress","cuts","both","ways","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,25,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"What can be used for good can also be used for bad, by accident or on purpose.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["What","can","be","used","for","good","can","also","be","used","for","bad",",","by","accident","or","on","purpose","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"For all the good biotech will do for us, in the near future it also could easily kill many millions of people, in the worst case, hundreds of millions.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["For","all","the","good","biotech","will","do","for","us",",","in","the","near","future","it","also","could","easily","kill","many","millions","of","people",",","in","the","worst","case",",","hundreds","of","millions","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,1,13,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The world just witnessed how fast the novel coronavirus spread.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","world","just","witnessed","how","fast","the","novel","coronavirus","spread","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We still don't know for sure if it came from nature, or was the result of an accidental leak from a lab working with coronaviruses.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":26,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","still","do","n't","know","for","sure","if","it","came","from","nature",",","or","was","the","result","of","an","accidental","leak","from","a","lab","working","with","coronaviruses","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,13,14,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"That's still subject to scientific debate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["That","'s","still","subject","to","scientific","debate","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In the end, at least 7 million people died.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","the","end",",","at","least","7","million","people","died","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,0]}
+{"text":"And this was still a relatively mild virus that didn't cause serious disease in most of those infected.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","was","still","a","relatively","mild","virus","that","did","n't","cause","serious","disease","in","most","of","those","infected","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But that might change in the future.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","that","might","change","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Wherever the last pandemic came from, the next one might very well be our own fault.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Wherever","the","last","pandemic","came","from",",","the","next","one","might","very","well","be","our","own","fault","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,14,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In a sense, many things going on in biotechnology could lead to this.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","many","things","going","on","in","biotechnology","could","lead","to","this","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Most of all, how easy it is to work with dangerous viruses.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","of","all",",","how","easy","it","is","to","work","with","dangerous","viruses","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,11,12,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Thousands of scientists can simply order the genetic data of infectious virus samples online to experiment with them.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Thousands","of","scientists","can","simply","order","the","genetic","data","of","infectious","virus","samples","online","to","experiment","with","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Assembling these into an artificial virus in 2023 costs about as much as a new car, including all the lab equipment.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Assembling","these","into","an","artificial","virus","in","2023","costs","about","as","much","as","a","new","car",",","including","all","the","lab","equipment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"At the same time, other scientists are trying to find viruses that hide in nature, like in wild bats or monkeys.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","the","same","time",",","other","scientists","are","trying","to","find","viruses","that","hide","in","nature",",","like","in","wild","bats","or","monkeys","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Virus hunters take samples back to the lab to learn whether the newly discovered viruses are likely to spread in humans, and catalogue the danger.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Virus","hunters","take","samples","back","to","the","lab","to","learn","whether","the","newly","discovered","viruses","are","likely","to","spread","in","humans",",","and","catalogue","the","danger","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"All while synthetic DNA and equipment to rebuild these viruses are sold online to anyone without any or very little tracking.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["All","while","synthetic","DNA","and","equipment","to","rebuild","these","viruses","are","sold","online","to","anyone","without","any","or","very","little","tracking","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"it's only a matter of time before a well-meaning scientist shares blueprints for the equivalent nuclear bomb of viruses, a superbug that will cause millions of deaths.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":30,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["it","'s","only","a","matter","of","time","before","a","well","-","meaning","scientist","shares","blueprints","for","the","equivalent","nuclear","bomb","of","viruses",",","a","superbug","that","will","cause","millions","of","deaths","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"What can we do?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","can","we","do","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,0]}
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+{"text":"Think of nuclear technology.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","nuclear","technology","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Nuclear energy was born from weapon programmes, so its creators were always aware of the potential for their knowledge to be abused.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Nuclear","energy","was","born","from","weapon","programmes",",","so","its","creators","were","always","aware","of","the","potential","for","their","knowledge","to","be","abused","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"From the very beginning, it was clear that knowledge in this field and access to the technology needed to be handled with utmost care.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":133,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["From","the","very","beginning",",","it","was","clear","that","knowledge","in","this","field","and","access","to","the","technology","needed","to","be","handled","with","utmost","care","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"So a lot of effort has gone into making sure no radioactive material disappears from sight, or that countries don't try to hide weapons development behind energy programmes.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","a","lot","of","effort","has","gone","into","making","sure","no","radioactive","material","disappears","from","sight",",","or","that","countries","do","n't","try","to","hide","weapons","development","behind","energy","programmes","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The result hasn't been perfect, but considering the 411 nuclear power stations running today, we've been very successful.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","result","has","n't","been","perfect",",","but","considering","the","411","nuclear","power","stations","running","today",",","we","'ve","been","very","successful","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"There's no reason we couldn't handle the really dangerous aspects of biotechnology in a similar way.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","reason","we","could","n't","handle","the","really","dangerous","aspects","of","biotechnology","in","a","similar","way","."],"tags":[3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Experts have come up with three sort of bullet points.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Experts","have","come","up","with","three","sort","of","bullet","points","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"First, we need to delay the next deadly pandemic by getting a grip on how we treat dangerous viruses.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["First",",","we","need","to","delay","the","next","deadly","pandemic","by","getting","a","grip","on","how","we","treat","dangerous","viruses","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Their genetic data should be treated as an info hazard, information that poses a danger to society if it's shared without care.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","genetic","data","should","be","treated","as","an","info","hazard",",","information","that","poses","a","danger","to","society","if","it","'s","shared","without","care","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Likewise, no researcher would think to share data on how to turn common laboratory equipment into bomb-making machines on the internet.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","no","researcher","would","think","to","share","data","on","how","to","turn","common","laboratory","equipment","into","bomb","-","making","machines","on","the","internet","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"In other words, not just anyone should be able to order dangerous DNA online.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","other","words",",","not","just","anyone","should","be","able","to","order","dangerous","DNA","online","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And if you do, you should be tracked, so it becomes much harder for the wrong people to access the really spicy stuff.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","if","you","do",",","you","should","be","tracked",",","so","it","becomes","much","harder","for","the","wrong","people","to","access","the","really","spicy","stuff","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The next step is detecting the danger by becoming aware which viruses are present among us and are spreading explosively between humans.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":21,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","next","step","is","detecting","the","danger","by","becoming","aware","which","viruses","are","present","among","us","and","are","spreading","explosively","between","humans","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"To explain how our universe could destroy itself, we need to understand two principles.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","explain","how","our","universe","could","destroy","itself",",","we","need","to","understand","two","principles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A core idea in physics is that everything has an energy level.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","core","idea","in","physics","is","that","everything","has","an","energy","level","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It's just called this way because scientists are bad at naming things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","called","this","way","because","scientists","are","bad","at","naming","things","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"What would happen if the Higgs field is in a false vacuum?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","if","the","Higgs","field","is","in","a","false","vacuum","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Think of our ball in the valley.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Think","of","our","ball","in","the","valley","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"At this point, false vacuum is speculation based on our current understanding of particle physics, which might be wrong.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","false","vacuum","is","speculation","based","on","our","current","understanding","of","particle","physics",",","which","might","be","wrong","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So what would happen if one hit Earth?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","what","would","happen","if","one","hit","Earth","?"],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There are, roughly speaking, two ways to make a supernova.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["There","are",",","roughly","speaking",",","two","ways","to","make","a","supernova","."],"tags":[3,21,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Either the core of a massive star implodes, or, less common, a white dwarf gains mass to the point where it ignites explosive nuclear fusion.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":27,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Either","the","core","of","a","massive","star","implodes",",","or",",","less","common",",","a","white","dwarf","gains","mass","to","the","point","where","it","ignites","explosive","nuclear","fusion","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,25,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The outcome is the same \u2013 a supernova explosion.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","outcome","is","the","same","\u2013","a","supernova","explosion","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,39,40,40,0]}
+{"text":"When we think of an explosion on Earth, we think of something that happens fast and ends.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["When","we","think","of","an","explosion","on","Earth",",","we","think","of","something","that","happens","fast","and","ends","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But a supernova is more like a volcanic eruption followed by a tsunami.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","a","supernova","is","more","like","a","volcanic","eruption","followed","by","a","tsunami","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"At first, there's a colourful ball of hot, expanding gas, creating a spectacular cloud that will shine for about a month.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["At","first",",","there","'s","a","colourful","ball","of","hot",",","expanding","gas",",","creating","a","spectacular","cloud","that","will","shine","for","about","a","month","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But then, it doesn't stop.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","then",",","it","does","n't","stop","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,15,37,19,0]}
+{"text":"Hot and dangerous gas rushes outwards at speeds of 10,000 km per second through the near vacuum of space, sweeping up the sparse gas of the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Hot","and","dangerous","gas","rushes","outwards","at","speeds","of","10,000","km","per","second","through","the","near","vacuum","of","space",",","sweeping","up","the","sparse","gas","of","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This wall of gas expands for tens of thousands of years and will eventually span up to dozens of light-years until it finally cools off and disperses its substance back into the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":183,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":34,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["This","wall","of","gas","expands","for","tens","of","thousands","of","years","and","will","eventually","span","up","to","dozens","of","light","-","years","until","it","finally","cools","off","and","disperses","its","substance","back","into","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the damage depends on how far away it is.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","damage","depends","on","how","far","away","it","is","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Humans have witnessed dozens of supernovae, but all of them were thousands of light-years away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Humans","have","witnessed","dozens","of","supernovae",",","but","all","of","them","were","thousands","of","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"They appeared as new stars, some outshining the Moon, twinkling for a few weeks and disappearing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","appeared","as","new","stars",",","some","outshining","the","Moon",",","twinkling","for","a","few","weeks","and","disappearing","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Aside from looking very pretty at this distance, they don't do much to us.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Aside","from","looking","very","pretty","at","this","distance",",","they","do","n't","do","much","to","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Things begin to get a bit icky once a supernova occurs around 300 light-years away.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Things","begin","to","get","a","bit","icky","once","a","supernova","occurs","around","300","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We can expect one this close to us every few million years.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["We","can","expect","one","this","close","to","us","every","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And while this is far enough away and dim enough to not do harm to us, they can affect the Earth.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["And","while","this","is","far","enough","away","and","dim","enough","to","not","do","harm","to","us",",","they","can","affect","the","Earth","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"At these distances, it's like being hit by the last weak waves of the star tsunami.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","these","distances",",","it","'s","like","being","hit","by","the","last","weak","waves","of","the","star","tsunami","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In fact, we know that over the past 10 million years, multiple supernovae have struck Earth from these distances because we can find radioactive isotopes of iron deep in the rocks and sediments at the bottom of the ocean.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":5},{"end":220,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":113,"token_end":40,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","we","know","that","over","the","past","10","million","years",",","multiple","supernovae","have","struck","Earth","from","these","distances","because","we","can","find","radioactive","isotopes","of","iron","deep","in","the","rocks","and","sediments","at","the","bottom","of","the","ocean","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Amazingly, these supernovae around the solar system have cleared a 1,000 light-year wide pocket of space that's called the local bubble.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Amazingly",",","these","supernovae","around","the","solar","system","have","cleared","a","1,000","light","-","year","wide","pocket","of","space","that","'s","called","the","local","bubble","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"They blew away the interstellar gas and dust, creating a lumpy wall of gas that's now a cradle for star formation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["They","blew","away","the","interstellar","gas","and","dust",",","creating","a","lumpy","wall","of","gas","that","'s","now","a","cradle","for","star","formation","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Once a supernova happens much closer than 300 light-years, we're approaching the zone where it does real damage.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Once","a","supernova","happens","much","closer","than","300","light","-","years",",","we","'re","approaching","the","zone","where","it","does","real","damage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Stars have extremely powerful magnetic fields.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Stars","have","extremely","powerful","magnetic","fields","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"When they die, the tsunami of dead star actually retains a lot of this magnetic energy woven through the shockwave that expands outwards.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["When","they","die",",","the","tsunami","of","dead","star","actually","retains","a","lot","of","this","magnetic","energy","woven","through","the","shockwave","that","expands","outwards","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"In this highly magnetized cloud, we get conditions like in a huge particle accelerator that's accelerating charged particles like protons, nuclei, and electrons to immense speeds.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":178,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","this","highly","magnetized","cloud",",","we","get","conditions","like","in","a","huge","particle","accelerator","that","'s","accelerating","charged","particles","like","protons",",","nuclei",",","and","electrons","to","immense","speeds","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Which means we have an expanding cloud that is shooting deadly radiation in all directions long after the bright light from the initial explosion has faded away.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Which","means","we","have","an","expanding","cloud","that","is","shooting","deadly","radiation","in","all","directions","long","after","the","bright","light","from","the","initial","explosion","has","faded","away","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If a supernova happens too close by, waves of these cosmic rays will wash over the solar system for thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":22,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","a","supernova","happens","too","close","by",",","waves","of","these","cosmic","rays","will","wash","over","the","solar","system","for","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"While we're mostly protected on Earth's surface by the atmosphere and ozone layer, the influx of extra radiation will still increase cancer and mutation rates.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":111,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":131,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":124,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":157,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["While","we","'re","mostly","protected","on","Earth","'s","surface","by","the","atmosphere","and","ozone","layer",",","the","influx","of","extra","radiation","will","still","increase","cancer","and","mutation","rates","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Spaceflight would become impossible in the solar system as astronauts wouldn't survive the waves of radiation for long.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Spaceflight","would","become","impossible","in","the","solar","system","as","astronauts","would","n't","survive","the","waves","of","radiation","for","long","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We don't know exactly how bad this would be, but a supernova that is close enough may trap our species on Earth for generations, maybe thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","exactly","how","bad","this","would","be",",","but","a","supernova","that","is","close","enough","may","trap","our","species","on","Earth","for","generations",",","maybe","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It only gets worse from here.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","only","gets","worse","from","here","."],"tags":[1,13,21,11,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Within 100 light-years, things get bad as a supernova disrupts our climate in ways that we don't fully understand yet.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Within","100","light","-","years",",","things","get","bad","as","a","supernova","disrupts","our","climate","in","ways","that","we","do","n't","fully","understand","yet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There are a few unpleasant things happening all one after another.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","few","unpleasant","things","happening","all","one","after","another","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"First, the high-energy photons arrive from the explosion, followed by many decades of radiation from the radioactive tsunami, both of which seriously damage the ozone layer, Earth's shield against harmful radiation.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":213,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":37,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["First",",","the","high","-","energy","photons","arrive","from","the","explosion",",","followed","by","many","decades","of","radiation","from","the","radioactive","tsunami",",","both","of","which","seriously","damage","the","ozone","layer",",","Earth","'s","shield","against","harmful","radiation","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation by breaking apart ozone, O3, into O2 and a free oxygen atom, which later reforms back into another ozone molecule.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":158,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","ozone","layer","absorbs","ultraviolet","radiation","by","breaking","apart","ozone",",","O3",",","into","O2","and","a","free","oxygen","atom",",","which","later","reforms","back","into","another","ozone","molecule","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But the supernova radiation breaks up nitrogen molecules that gobble up the free oxygen, breaking the cycle and depleting the ozone layer quickly.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","the","supernova","radiation","breaks","up","nitrogen","molecules","that","gobble","up","the","free","oxygen",",","breaking","the","cycle","and","depleting","the","ozone","layer","quickly","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Without a radiation shield, everybody living on the surface is exposed to very high levels of UV radiation from our sun.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Without","a","radiation","shield",",","everybody","living","on","the","surface","is","exposed","to","very","high","levels","of","UV","radiation","from","our","sun","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Cancer rates would skyrocket, and just going outside during the day could be life-threatening.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Cancer","rates","would","skyrocket",",","and","just","going","outside","during","the","day","could","be","life","-","threatening","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The extra radiation would also kill a lot, if not most, of the plankton in the oceans that live near the surface and are the basis for the marine food chains, leading to a mass extinction.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":156,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":32,"token_start":6},{"end":186,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":159,"token_end":38,"token_start":34}],"tokens":["The","extra","radiation","would","also","kill","a","lot",",","if","not","most",",","of","the","plankton","in","the","oceans","that","live","near","the","surface","and","are","the","basis","for","the","marine","food","chains",",","leading","to","a","mass","extinction","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Worse still, supernova radiation would ionize gas in the atmosphere, which means that it would punch through molecules and knock electrons off nuclei, leaving them charged.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Worse","still",",","supernova","radiation","would","ionize","gas","in","the","atmosphere",",","which","means","that","it","would","punch","through","molecules","and","knock","electrons","off","nuclei",",","leaving","them","charged","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"These charged nuclei then act as seeds for water vapor to gather and form massive global clouds.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","charged","nuclei","then","act","as","seeds","for","water","vapor","to","gather","and","form","massive","global","clouds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In the worst case, they would reflect enough sunlight to trigger an ice age.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","worst","case",",","they","would","reflect","enough","sunlight","to","trigger","an","ice","age","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In fact, it's thought that the ice age 2.5 million years ago was caused by a supernova.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","it","'s","thought","that","the","ice","age","2.5","million","years","ago","was","caused","by","a","supernova","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Some scientists even think that a supernova about 60 light-years away might have been the cause of the Devonian mass extinction 350 million years ago.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","scientists","even","think","that","a","supernova","about","60","light","-","years","away","might","have","been","the","cause","of","the","Devonian","mass","extinction","350","million","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But wait, there's more.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,25,1,0]}
+{"text":"The electrons punched free by the radiation form enormous electric avalanches, or in other words, lightning.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","electrons","punched","free","by","the","radiation","form","enormous","electric","avalanches",",","or","in","other","words",",","lightning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Earth is hit by some of the worst thunderstorms in millions of years.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Earth","is","hit","by","some","of","the","worst","thunderstorms","in","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"So a supernova this close would at the very least do significant damage for hundreds or thousands of years if not end our modern civilization and with it millions or even billions of lives.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","a","supernova","this","close","would","at","the","very","least","do","significant","damage","for","hundreds","or","thousands","of","years","if","not","end","our","modern","civilization","and","with","it","millions","or","even","billions","of","lives","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,15,13,14,14,14,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Probably about half of the ozone layer would be destroyed and massive climactic disruption on a scale we've never witnessed would ravage Earth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Probably","about","half","of","the","ozone","layer","would","be","destroyed","and","massive","climactic","disruption","on","a","scale","we","'ve","never","witnessed","would","ravage","Earth","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"All the things described before happen but way more intensely and much faster.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","the","things","described","before","happen","but","way","more","intensely","and","much","faster","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Even from 4 light years away, the distance to Alpha Centauri, a supernova would be almost as bright as the sun in the sky.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":81,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Even","from","4","light","years","away",",","the","distance","to","Alpha","Centauri",",","a","supernova","would","be","almost","as","bright","as","the","sun","in","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"While casting two shadows could be fun for a few hours, within days the Earth's surface gets as hot as a sauna, baking the surface for weeks until the explosion fades.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":91,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":19},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":33,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["While","casting","two","shadows","could","be","fun","for","a","few","hours",",","within","days","the","Earth","'s","surface","gets","as","hot","as","a","sauna",",","baking","the","surface","for","weeks","until","the","explosion","fades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The surface of Earth burns, scoured of life.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","surface","of","Earth","burns",",","scoured","of","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Even the oceans aren't safe.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Even","the","oceans","are","n't","safe","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
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+{"text":"It would be the largest extinction event in history, reducing life to a few survivors in the deep sea and critters in the deep soil.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","would","be","the","largest","extinction","event","in","history",",","reducing","life","to","a","few","survivors","in","the","deep","sea","and","critters","in","the","deep","soil","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Life basically has to start over.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Life","basically","has","to","start","over","."],"tags":[1,13,17,18,31,32,0]}
+{"text":"So, should you worry?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","should","you","worry","?"],"tags":[13,0,15,1,19,0]}
+{"text":"Fortunately, there are only a handful of stars that may explode within 1,000 light years of Earth and none are close enough to be a serious threat.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":17,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":102,"token_end":27,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Fortunately",",","there","are","only","a","handful","of","stars","that","may","explode","within","1,000","light","years","of","Earth","and","none","are","close","enough","to","be","a","serious","threat","."],"tags":[13,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Even better, these stars will probably not go supernova for many millions of years.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Even","better",",","these","stars","will","probably","not","go","supernova","for","many","millions","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,37,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"NTDs are caused by a vast range of different parasites such as worms, amoeba, bacteria or viruses.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["NTDs","are","caused","by","a","vast","range","of","different","parasites","such","as","worms",",","amoeba",",","bacteria","or","viruses","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The symptoms they cause are just as diverse and truly the stuff of nightmares.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","symptoms","they","cause","are","just","as","diverse","and","truly","the","stuff","of","nightmares","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Some like hookworms compete with children's brains and bodies for nutrition, stunting growth and impairing intelligence.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Some","like","hookworms","compete","with","children","'s","brains","and","bodies","for","nutrition",",","stunting","growth","and","impairing","intelligence","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Other parasites confine patients to bed for months and damage internal organs, often shortening lifespans drastically.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Other","parasites","confine","patients","to","bed","for","months","and","damage","internal","organs",",","often","shortening","lifespans","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,13,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Yet others cause horrible disfigurements that lead to social stigma, a life lived in shame and unemployment.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Yet","others","cause","horrible","disfigurements","that","lead","to","social","stigma",",","a","life","lived","in","shame","and","unemployment","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"In fact, let's introduce you to one of them, Draconcholiasis.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","let","'s","introduce","you","to","one","of","them",",","Draconcholiasis","."],"tags":[13,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"If you accidentally drink water infected by it, you won't notice anything for a year.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","accidentally","drink","water","infected","by","it",",","you","wo","n't","notice","anything","for","a","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Until one day, you suddenly see a blister on your leg.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Until","one","day",",","you","suddenly","see","a","blister","on","your","leg","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The only way to remove it is to slowly put it out of your leg, centimeter by centimeter, over the course of several weeks, because Draconcholiasis is now up to a meter long.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":25,"token_start":7},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":35,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["The","only","way","to","remove","it","is","to","slowly","put","it","out","of","your","leg",",","centimeter","by","centimeter",",","over","the","course","of","several","weeks",",","because","Draconcholiasis","is","now","up","to","a","meter","long","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We can all agree that we should kill such parasites with fire.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","can","all","agree","that","we","should","kill","such","parasites","with","fire","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"That's why we declared war on them, pleading to eradicate most of them by 2020, and we tried doing that very hard.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","we","declared","war","on","them",",","pleading","to","eradicate","most","of","them","by","2020",",","and","we","tried","doing","that","very","hard","."],"tags":[1,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"So even if they don't generate big headlines like Ebola did, actually, amazing things have happened when it comes to NTDs.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":91,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","even","if","they","do","n't","generate","big","headlines","like","Ebola","did",",","actually",",","amazing","things","have","happened","when","it","comes","to","NTDs","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"To stamp out NTDs once and for all, what's possibly the biggest medical program in human history was launched, unmatched in scale.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":24,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["To","stamp","out","NTDs","once","and","for","all",",","what","'s","possibly","the","biggest","medical","program","in","human","history","was","launched",",","unmatched","in","scale","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so here.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","videos",",","you","can","do","so","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,0]}
+{"text":"If you're disappointed by the lack of disturbing facts in this video, here's a playlist about the end of everything.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","disappointed","by","the","lack","of","disturbing","facts","in","this","video",",","here","'s","a","playlist","about","the","end","of","everything","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"So in the summer, when humans seek to cool off and enjoy themselves, the chances are highest that both species will interact.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":84,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","in","the","summer",",","when","humans","seek","to","cool","off","and","enjoy","themselves",",","the","chances","are","highest","that","both","species","will","interact","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Because this makes it hard to avoid, millions of people regularly have contact with the amoeba, especially in warmer climates, and many people even seem to have antibodies against it.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":21,"token_start":18},{"end":130,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":127,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":131,"token_end":32,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Because","this","makes","it","hard","to","avoid",",","millions","of","people","regularly","have","contact","with","the","amoeba",",","especially","in","warmer","climates",",","and","many","people","even","seem","to","have","antibodies","against","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Things turn bad when people dive or swim in water contaminated with the amoeba, and water splashes high up into their noses.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":122,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Things","turn","bad","when","people","dive","or","swim","in","water","contaminated","with","the","amoeba",",","and","water","splashes","high","up","into","their","noses","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"In a single drop of lake water, there are millions of viruses, bacteria, and amoebae, and that isn't really a big deal.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":89,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["In","a","single","drop","of","lake","water",",","there","are","millions","of","viruses",",","bacteria",",","and","amoebae",",","and","that","is","n't","really","a","big","deal","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But Nagleria fowleri is different.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","Nagleria","fowleri","is","different","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Let's zoom into the nose of an unsuspecting victim enjoying a great summer day, and see what happens.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","zoom","into","the","nose","of","an","unsuspecting","victim","enjoying","a","great","summer","day",",","and","see","what","happens","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Instead, it's greeted by your natural defences.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","'s","greeted","by","your","natural","defences","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately for humans, Nagleria fowleri happens to be exceptionally good at generally flying under the radar of your immune system.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":133,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately","for","humans",",","Nagleria","fowleri","happens","to","be","exceptionally","good","at","generally","flying","under","the","radar","of","your","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Your nose is filled with a large network of olfactory nerve cells that pick up molecules from the outside and transmit their information to your olfactory bulb, the centre of smell in your brain.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":193,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":34,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","nose","is","filled","with","a","large","network","of","olfactory","nerve","cells","that","pick","up","molecules","from","the","outside","and","transmit","their","information","to","your","olfactory","bulb",",","the","centre","of","smell","in","your","brain","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"To do their job, these cells talk to each other by releasing various messenger chemicals and recognising them via specific receptors.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","do","their","job",",","these","cells","talk","to","each","other","by","releasing","various","messenger","chemicals","and","recognising","them","via","specific","receptors","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"So as the battle rages on without a clear winner, more and more fluid enters the brain.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":70,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","as","the","battle","rages","on","without","a","clear","winner",",","more","and","more","fluid","enters","the","brain","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"At this point, the human will feel symptoms that quickly escalate.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","the","human","will","feel","symptoms","that","quickly","escalate","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"So it compresses and disables the brainstem that controls things like breathing.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","it","compresses","and","disables","the","brainstem","that","controls","things","like","breathing","."],"tags":[13,1,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Usually within a week, the patient dies.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Usually","within","a","week",",","the","patient","dies","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,0,1,2,25,0]}
+{"text":"Up to 97% of the patients infected by the amoeba share this fate.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Up","to","97","%","of","the","patients","infected","by","the","amoeba","share","this","fate","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"In almost all cases, by the time an infection by Naegleria Fowleri is recognized, the disastrous battle for the brain is already so far along that there is almost nothing to be done.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":117,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":21,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":118,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":26,"token_start":24},{"end":181,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":34,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["In","almost","all","cases",",","by","the","time","an","infection","by","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","recognized",",","the","disastrous","battle","for","the","brain","is","already","so","far","along","that","there","is","almost","nothing","to","be","done","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Not only do we currently not have effective treatments, there are also an abundance of open questions about how an amoeba that usually enjoys its life in open water is able to overcome our immune system so effectively.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":216,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":38,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Not","only","do","we","currently","not","have","effective","treatments",",","there","are","also","an","abundance","of","open","questions","about","how","an","amoeba","that","usually","enjoys","its","life","in","open","water","is","able","to","overcome","our","immune","system","so","effectively","."],"tags":[0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,3,19,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"While the Naegleria Fowleri is clearly extremely deadly, and the infection truly horrible, there have only been a few hundred cases in the last few decades.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":107,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":130,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":19},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":132,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["While","the","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","clearly","extremely","deadly",",","and","the","infection","truly","horrible",",","there","have","only","been","a","few","hundred","cases","in","the","last","few","decades","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,29,1,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"You are way more likely to drown in a pool than to get infected.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","are","way","more","likely","to","drown","in","a","pool","than","to","get","infected","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Not only does the amoeba need to be flushed high up your nose, it also needs to get a good grip, and it also has to make its way through the first lines of your defenses.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":37,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Not","only","does","the","amoeba","need","to","be","flushed","high","up","your","nose",",","it","also","needs","to","get","a","good","grip",",","and","it","also","has","to","make","its","way","through","the","first","lines","of","your","defenses","."],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Ultimately, Naegleria Fowleri is neither evil nor a huge public health risk.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","Naegleria","Fowleri","is","neither","evil","nor","a","huge","public","health","risk","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And every year, some unlucky people have to deal with it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["And","every","year",",","some","unlucky","people","have","to","deal","with","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,17,18,31,32,5,0]}
+{"text":"We still have so much to learn about it, and until we find a way to treat it, Naegleria Fowleri will continue to be this vague and horrifying thing, hunting in puddles and lakes, and sometimes pools.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":198,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":40,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","still","have","so","much","to","learn","about","it",",","and","until","we","find","a","way","to","treat","it",",","Naegleria","Fowleri","will","continue","to","be","this","vague","and","horrifying","thing",",","hunting","in","puddles","and","lakes",",","and","sometimes","pools","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Who are you?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Who","are","you","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0]}
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+{"text":"I'm here to make you question your own existence and everything you hold dear in life.","spans":[{"end":0,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":1,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["I","'m","here","to","make","you","question","your","own","existence","and","everything","you","hold","dear","in","life","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Could you not please?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Could","you","not","please","?"],"tags":[15,1,37,19,0]}
+{"text":"Just look at all these amazing posters full of humbling visualizations, like the scale of the universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Just","look","at","all","these","amazing","posters","full","of","humbling","visualizations",",","like","the","scale","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Look how huge it is, and how small you are.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Look","how","huge","it","is",",","and","how","small","you","are","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Look at the education edition, how it dives deep into the history of evolution or all the other scientific fields to make you feel bad for all the stuff you don't know.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":6},{"end":167,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":33,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Look","at","the","education","edition",",","how","it","dives","deep","into","the","history","of","evolution","or","all","the","other","scientific","fields","to","make","you","feel","bad","for","all","the","stuff","you","do","n't","know","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,0,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Or look at this one, it glows in the dark.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Or","look","at","this","one",",","it","glows","in","the","dark","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,25,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But dread, these do make me feel good, actually.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","dread",",","these","do","make","me","feel","good",",","actually","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,19,5,33,34,0,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Consciousness is perhaps the biggest riddle in nature.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Consciousness","is","perhaps","the","biggest","riddle","in","nature","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Stripped to its core meaning, consciousness is what allows us to be aware both of our surroundings and of our own inner state.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Stripped","to","its","core","meaning",",","consciousness","is","what","allows","us","to","be","aware","both","of","our","surroundings","and","of","our","own","inner","state","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It's unsettling to realize that we don't understand what makes us aware of ourselves and the world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","unsettling","to","realize","that","we","do","n't","understand","what","makes","us","aware","of","ourselves","and","the","world","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"It has probably emerged from an immense, several hundred million year sequence of countless microsteps that together make up a sort of gradient of consciousness.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":25,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","has","probably","emerged","from","an","immense",",","several","hundred","million","year","sequence","of","countless","microsteps","that","together","make","up","a","sort","of","gradient","of","consciousness","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"A more common starting point is with living things.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","more","common","starting","point","is","with","living","things","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Tricoplax adherens, one of the simplest of all animals, moves around haphazardly.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Tricoplax","adherens",",","one","of","the","simplest","of","all","animals",",","moves","around","haphazardly","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,25,35,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Collectively, we've put so much thought and ingenuity into getting food, that we can now just get our food to come to us, with little conscious effort.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Collectively",",","we","'ve","put","so","much","thought","and","ingenuity","into","getting","food",",","that","we","can","now","just","get","our","food","to","come","to","us",",","with","little","conscious","effort","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This video is part one of a three-part video series relating to big questions of life and the universe, made possible by a grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":171,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","is","part","one","of","a","three","-","part","video","series","relating","to","big","questions","of","life","and","the","universe",",","made","possible","by","a","grant","from","the","Templeton","World","Charity","Foundation","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"You can find our sources and further reading in the video description or get The Consciousness Book by Rupert Glasgow for free, link down below.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["You","can","find","our","sources","and","further","reading","in","the","video","description","or","get","The","Consciousness","Book","by","Rupert","Glasgow","for","free",",","link","down","below","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so on patreon.com or get one of our posters from our shop.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","make","more","videos",",","you","can","do","so","on","patreon.com","or","get","one","of","our","posters","from","our","shop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Today, we're doing something different.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","'re","doing","something","different","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,27,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Our friend John Green will read a story from his podcast, The Anthropocene Reviewed.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","friend","John","Green","will","read","a","story","from","his","podcast",",","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We hope you enjoy it, and we'll be back with a regular video soon.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","enjoy","it",",","and","we","'ll","be","back","with","a","regular","video","soon","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So if you've ever been or had a child, you will likely already be familiar with hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["So","if","you","'ve","ever","been","or","had","a","child",",","you","will","likely","already","be","familiar","with","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,13,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"They were the first figurative art made by both our kids.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","were","the","first","figurative","art","made","by","both","our","kids","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Somewhere between the ages of two and three, my children spread the fingers of one hand out across a piece of paper and then, with the help of a parent, traced their five fingers.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":119,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":178,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":120,"token_end":36,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Somewhere","between","the","ages","of","two","and","three",",","my","children","spread","the","fingers","of","one","hand","out","across","a","piece","of","paper","and","then",",","with","the","help","of","a","parent",",","traced","their","five","fingers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,35,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"I remember my son's face as he lifted his hand and looked absolutely shocked to see the shape of his hand still on the paper, a semi-permanent record of himself.","spans":[{"end":0,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":159,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":33,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["I","remember","my","son","'s","face","as","he","lifted","his","hand","and","looked","absolutely","shocked","to","see","the","shape","of","his","hand","still","on","the","paper",",","a","semi","-","permanent","record","of","himself","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"I am extremely happy that my children are no longer three, and yet to look at their little hands from those early artworks is to be inundated with a strange, soul-splitting joy.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":176,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":35,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["I","am","extremely","happy","that","my","children","are","no","longer","three",",","and","yet","to","look","at","their","little","hands","from","those","early","artworks","is","to","be","inundated","with","a","strange",",","soul","-","splitting","joy","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Those pictures remind me that they are not just growing up, but also growing away from me, running toward their own lives.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":121,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Those","pictures","remind","me","that","they","are","not","just","growing","up",",","but","also","growing","away","from","me",",","running","toward","their","own","lives","."],"tags":[1,2,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
+{"text":"But of course, that's meaning I am applying to their hand stencils, and that complicated relationship between art and its viewers is never more fraught than when we are looking deeply into the past.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":197,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":36,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","of","course",",","that","'s","meaning","I","am","applying","to","their","hand","stencils",",","and","that","complicated","relationship","between","art","and","its","viewers","is","never","more","fraught","than","when","we","are","looking","deeply","into","the","past","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In September of 1940, an 18-year-old mechanic named Marcel Ravidat was walking his dog, Robot, in the countryside of southwestern France when the dog disappeared down a hole.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":20,"token_start":17},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":27,"token_start":22},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":137,"token_end":34,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["In","September","of","1940",",","an","18","-","year","-","old","mechanic","named","Marcel","Ravidat","was","walking","his","dog",",","Robot",",","in","the","countryside","of","southwestern","France","when","the","dog","disappeared","down","a","hole","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"And after quite a bit of digging, they discovered a cave with walls covered with paintings,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","after","quite","a","bit","of","digging",",","they","discovered","a","cave","with","walls","covered","with","paintings",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"After World War II, the French government took over protection of the site, and the cave was opened to the public in 1948.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["After","World","War","II",",","the","French","government","took","over","protection","of","the","site",",","and","the","cave","was","opened","to","the","public","in","1948","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"When Picasso saw the cave paintings on a visit that year, he reportedly said, We have invented nothing.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["When","Picasso","saw","the","cave","paintings","on","a","visit","that","year",",","he","reportedly","said",",","We","have","invented","nothing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,0,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"There are many mysteries at Lascaux.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["There","are","many","mysteries","at","Lascaux","."],"tags":[3,19,1,2,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Why, for instance, are there no paintings of reindeer, which we know were the primary source of food for the Paleolithic humans who lived in that cave?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":149,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why",",","for","instance",",","are","there","no","paintings","of","reindeer",",","which","we","know","were","the","primary","source","of","food","for","the","Paleolithic","humans","who","lived","in","that","cave","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,0,19,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Why were they so much more focused on painting animals than painting human forms?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Why","were","they","so","much","more","focused","on","painting","animals","than","painting","human","forms","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Why are certain areas of the cave filled with images, including pictures on the ceiling that required the building of scaffolding to create,","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Why","are","certain","areas","of","the","cave","filled","with","images",",","including","pictures","on","the","ceiling","that","required","the","building","of","scaffolding","to","create",","],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,2,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"while other areas have only a few paintings?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["while","other","areas","have","only","a","few","paintings","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And were the paintings spiritual?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","were","the","paintings","spiritual","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,2,11,0]}
+{"text":"Here are our sacred animals.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","are","our","sacred","animals","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Or were they practical?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","were","they","practical","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,0]}
+{"text":"Here is a guide to some of the animals that might kill you.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","is","a","guide","to","some","of","the","animals","that","might","kill","you","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Aside from the animals, there are nearly a thousand abstract signs and shapes we cannot interpret, and also several negative hand stencils, as they are known by art historians.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":174,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":32,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Aside","from","the","animals",",","there","are","nearly","a","thousand","abstract","signs","and","shapes","we","can","not","interpret",",","and","also","several","negative","hand","stencils",",","as","they","are","known","by","art","historians","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"These are the paintings that most interest me.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["These","are","the","paintings","that","most","interest","me","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"They were created by pressing one hand with fingers splayed against the wall of the cave, and then blowing pigment, leaving the area around the hand painted.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","were","created","by","pressing","one","hand","with","fingers","splayed","against","the","wall","of","the","cave",",","and","then","blowing","pigment",",","leaving","the","area","around","the","hand","painted","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Similar hand stencils have been found in caves around the world, from Indonesia to Spain to Australia to the Americas to Africa.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Similar","hand","stencils","have","been","found","in","caves","around","the","world",",","from","Indonesia","to","Spain","to","Australia","to","the","Americas","to","Africa","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We have found these memories of hands from 15 or 30 or even 40,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","have","found","these","memories","of","hands","from","15","or","30","or","even","40,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"These hand stencils remind us of how different life was in the distant past.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["These","hand","stencils","remind","us","of","how","different","life","was","in","the","distant","past","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,35,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,36,0]}
+{"text":"Amputations, likely from frostbite, are common in Europe, and so you often see negative hand stencils with three or four fingers.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":23,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Amputations",",","likely","from","frostbite",",","are","common","in","Europe",",","and","so","you","often","see","negative","hand","stencils","with","three","or","four","fingers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And life was short and difficult.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","life","was","short","and","difficult","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"As many as a quarter of women died in childbirth.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","many","as","a","quarter","of","women","died","in","childbirth","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Around 50% of children died before the age of five.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Around","50","%","of","children","died","before","the","age","of","five","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But they also remind us that the humans of the past were as human as we are.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","they","also","remind","us","that","the","humans","of","the","past","were","as","human","as","we","are","."],"tags":[0,1,13,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
+{"text":"These communities hunted and gathered, and there were no large caloric surpluses, so every healthy person would have had to contribute to the acquisition of food and water.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":170,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","communities","hunted","and","gathered",",","and","there","were","no","large","caloric","surpluses",",","so","every","healthy","person","would","have","had","to","contribute","to","the","acquisition","of","food","and","water","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And yet somehow, they still made time to create art, almost as if art isn't optional for humans.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["And","yet","somehow",",","they","still","made","time","to","create","art",",","almost","as","if","art","is","n't","optional","for","humans","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We see all kinds of hands stenciled on cave walls, children and adults, but almost always the fingers are spread, like my kids' hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["We","see","all","kinds","of","hands","stenciled","on","cave","walls",",","children","and","adults",",","but","almost","always","the","fingers","are","spread",",","like","my","kids","'","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"I'm no Jungian, but it's fascinating and a little strange that so many Paleolithic humans who couldn't possibly have had any contact with each other,","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":1,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":148,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":28,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["I","'m","no","Jungian",",","but","it","'s","fascinating","and","a","little","strange","that","so","many","Paleolithic","humans","who","could","n't","possibly","have","had","any","contact","with","each","other",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But then again, what the Lascaux art means to me is likely very different from what it meant to the people who made it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","then","again",",","what","the","Lascaux","art","means","to","me","is","likely","very","different","from","what","it","meant","to","the","people","who","made","it","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Some academics theorize that the hand stencils were part of hunting rituals.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Some","academics","theorize","that","the","hand","stencils","were","part","of","hunting","rituals","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"To me though, the hand stencils at Lascaux say, I was here.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["To","me","though",",","the","hand","stencils","at","Lascaux","say",",","I","was","here","."],"tags":[13,14,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,19,0,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"And because they are negative prints surrounded by red pigment, they also look to me like something out of a horror movie.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","because","they","are","negative","prints","surrounded","by","red","pigment",",","they","also","look","to","me","like","something","out","of","a","horror","movie","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"They remind me that, as Alice Walker wrote, all history is current.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":66,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","remind","me","that",",","as","Alice","Walker","wrote",",","all","history","is","current","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
+{"text":"The Lascaux cave has been closed to the public for many years now.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","Lascaux","cave","has","been","closed","to","the","public","for","many","years","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,13,0]}
+{"text":"Too many contemporary humans breathing inside of it led to the growth of mold and lichens, which has damaged some of the art.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":123,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Too","many","contemporary","humans","breathing","inside","of","it","led","to","the","growth","of","mold","and","lichens",",","which","has","damaged","some","of","the","art","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Just the act of looking at something can ruin it, I guess.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Just","the","act","of","looking","at","something","can","ruin","it",",","I","guess","."],"tags":[5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,1,19,0]}
+{"text":"But tourists can still visit an imitation cave called Lascaux 2, in which the artwork has been meticulously recreated.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","tourists","can","still","visit","an","imitation","cave","called","Lascaux","2",",","in","which","the","artwork","has","been","meticulously","recreated","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Humans making fake cave art to save real cave art may feel like peak Anthropocene behavior.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Humans","making","fake","cave","art","to","save","real","cave","art","may","feel","like","peak","Anthropocene","behavior","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But I have to confess that even though I am a jaded and cynical semi-professional reviewer of human activity,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","I","have","to","confess","that","even","though","I","am","a","jaded","and","cynical","semi","-","professional","reviewer","of","human","activity",","],"tags":[0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"I actually find it overwhelmingly hopeful that four teenagers and a dog named Robot discovered a cave with 17,000 year old handprints.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["I","actually","find","it","overwhelmingly","hopeful","that","four","teenagers","and","a","dog","named","Robot","discovered","a","cave","with","17,000","year","old","handprints","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,33,34,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"That the cave was so overwhelmingly beautiful that two of those teenagers devoted themselves to its protection.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["That","the","cave","was","so","overwhelmingly","beautiful","that","two","of","those","teenagers","devoted","themselves","to","its","protection","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And that when we humans became a danger to that cave's beauty, we agreed to stop going.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":72,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":66,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","that","when","we","humans","became","a","danger","to","that","cave","'s","beauty",",","we","agreed","to","stop","going","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Lascaux is there.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Lascaux","is","there","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"You can go to the fake cave we've built and see nearly identical hand stencils.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["You","can","go","to","the","fake","cave","we","'ve","built","and","see","nearly","identical","hand","stencils","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"But you will know this is not the thing itself, but a shadow of it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","you","will","know","this","is","not","the","thing","itself",",","but","a","shadow","of","it","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This is a handprint, but not a hand.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","handprint",",","but","not","a","hand","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This is a memory that you cannot return to.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","memory","that","you","can","not","return","to","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"All of which makes the cave very much like the past it represents.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["All","of","which","makes","the","cave","very","much","like","the","past","it","represents","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"We hope you enjoyed this video, even if it was different.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","hope","you","enjoyed","this","video",",","even","if","it","was","different","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Check out John Green's podcast, The Anthropocene Reviewed, where he poetically reviews the human world we live in.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Check","out","John","Green","'s","podcast",",","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed",",","where","he","poetically","reviews","the","human","world","we","live","in","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"John is a good friend of Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["John","is","a","good","friend","of","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In fact, without his channel Crash Course, that he and his brother Hank started years ago, Kurzgesagt would not exist,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":17,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":110,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":108,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","without","his","channel","Crash","Course",",","that","he","and","his","brother","Hank","started","years","ago",",","Kurzgesagt","would","not","exist",","],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,0]}
+{"text":"because it was the original inspiration for what we do today.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["because","it","was","the","original","inspiration","for","what","we","do","today","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Also check out The Anthropocene Reviewed or any of their many channels.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Also","check","out","The","Anthropocene","Reviewed","or","any","of","their","many","channels","."],"tags":[13,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"We explained these specialized super weapons in another video, but all you really need to know is that they have a library listing every bad thing that could come into your body.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":177,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","explained","these","specialized","super","weapons","in","another","video",",","but","all","you","really","need","to","know","is","that","they","have","a","library","listing","every","bad","thing","that","could","come","into","your","body","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Imagine the building inspectors switching off electricity and water and putting up roadblocks to cancer town, so no more food or materials can be delivered.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":15,"token_start":4},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","building","inspectors","switching","off","electricity","and","water","and","putting","up","roadblocks","to","cancer","town",",","so","no","more","food","or","materials","can","be","delivered","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"With no way to hide from the carnage unfolding, the tumor collapses as hundreds of thousands of tumor cells are massacred.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["With","no","way","to","hide","from","the","carnage","unfolding",",","the","tumor","collapses","as","hundreds","of","thousands","of","tumor","cells","are","massacred","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Your body has crushed the illegal tumor town without mercy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","body","has","crushed","the","illegal","tumor","town","without","mercy","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"You'll never know about this fight or how many times this has happened inside your body, except in this case, something didn't go as planned.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":16,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["You","'ll","never","know","about","this","fight","or","how","many","times","this","has","happened","inside","your","body",",","except","in","this","case",",","something","did","n't","go","as","planned","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, natural selection spores your victory.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","natural","selection","spores","your","victory","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"By doing its best to destroy the tumor, your immune system accidentally selects the fittest tumor cells.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["By","doing","its","best","to","destroy","the","tumor",",","your","immune","system","accidentally","selects","the","fittest","tumor","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"It decides to do it all over again.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","decides","to","do","it","all","over","again","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Maybe it's better at hiding or fighting back.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","'s","better","at","hiding","or","fighting","back","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"And so it all begins again.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","so","it","all","begins","again","."],"tags":[0,13,1,2,25,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Instead of starting with police, SWAT teams go right in to tear Tumortown down, killing its inhabitants without mercy.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":9},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Instead","of","starting","with","police",",","SWAT","teams","go","right","in","to","tear","Tumortown","down",",","killing","its","inhabitants","without","mercy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"and mass produces thousands of new copies that once again change and mutate further, building yet another Tumortown.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["and","mass","produces","thousands","of","new","copies","that","once","again","change","and","mutate","further",",","building","yet","another","Tumortown","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Tumortown has been rebuilt, even uglier and stranger than before, but now the Cancer City Council has forged all sorts of permits.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Tumortown","has","been","rebuilt",",","even","uglier","and","stranger","than","before",",","but","now","the","Cancer","City","Council","has","forged","all","sorts","of","permits","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"As building inspectors come to shut down construction, they get confused.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["As","building","inspectors","come","to","shut","down","construction",",","they","get","confused","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"But this is a story for another time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","this","is","a","story","for","another","time","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Please check out our source document for more background and in-depth information.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Please","check","out","our","source","document","for","more","background","and","in","-","depth","information","."],"tags":[0,31,32,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"When they improve, you don't need to invest in big metal things, you can just use the new code.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["When","they","improve",",","you","do","n't","need","to","invest","in","big","metal","things",",","you","can","just","use","the","new","code","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"And they have the ability to get better fast.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","they","have","the","ability","to","get","better","fast","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"If your work involves complex work on a computer today, you might be out of work even sooner than the people who still have jobs in factories.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":27,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","your","work","involves","complex","work","on","a","computer","today",",","you","might","be","out","of","work","even","sooner","than","the","people","who","still","have","jobs","in","factories","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"A San Francisco company offers a project management software for big corporations, which is supposed to eliminate middle management positions.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","San","Francisco","company","offers","a","project","management","software","for","big","corporations",",","which","is","supposed","to","eliminate","middle","management","positions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"It then helps assemble a team of freelancers over the internet.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","then","helps","assemble","a","team","of","freelancers","over","the","internet","."],"tags":[1,13,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Okay, this doesn't sound too bad.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","this","does","n't","sound","too","bad","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"While this machine is killing one job, it creates jobs for freelancers, right?","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["While","this","machine","is","killing","one","job",",","it","creates","jobs","for","freelancers",",","right","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Well, as the freelancers complete their tasks, learning algorithms track them and gather data about their work and which tasks it consists of.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":67,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Well",",","as","the","freelancers","complete","their","tasks",",","learning","algorithms","track","them","and","gather","data","about","their","work","and","which","tasks","it","consists","of","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"So what's actually happening is that the freelancers are teaching a machine how to replace them.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","what","'s","actually","happening","is","that","the","freelancers","are","teaching","a","machine","how","to","replace","them","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On average, this software reduces costs by about 50% in the first year and by another 25% in the second year.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","average",",","this","software","reduces","costs","by","about","50","%","in","the","first","year","and","by","another","25","%","in","the","second","year","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This is only one example of many.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","only","one","example","of","many","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"There are machines and programs getting as good or better than humans in all kinds of fields,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","machines","and","programs","getting","as","good","or","better","than","humans","in","all","kinds","of","fields",","],"tags":[3,19,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"All of these jobs won't disappear overnight, but fewer and fewer humans will be doing them.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","of","these","jobs","wo","n't","disappear","overnight",",","but","fewer","and","fewer","humans","will","be","doing","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We'll discuss a few cases in a follow-up video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'ll","discuss","a","few","cases","in","a","follow","-","up","video","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But while jobs disappearing is bad, it's only half of the story.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","while","jobs","disappearing","is","bad",",","it","'s","only","half","of","the","story","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"In 1998, US workers worked a total of 194 billion hours.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","1998",",","US","workers","worked","a","total","of","194","billion","hours","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Productivity is separating from human labor.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Productivity","is","separating","from","human","labor","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Even without new disruptions like self-driving cars or robot accountants, it looks like automation is different this time.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","without","new","disruptions","like","self","-","driving","cars","or","robot","accountants",",","it","looks","like","automation","is","different","this","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This time, the machines might really take our jobs.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","time",",","the","machines","might","really","take","our","jobs","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,13,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Our economies are based on the premise that people consume.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","economies","are","based","on","the","premise","that","people","consume","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But if fewer and fewer people have decent work, who will be doing all the consuming?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","if","fewer","and","fewer","people","have","decent","work",",","who","will","be","doing","all","the","consuming","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Are we producing ever more cheaply only to arrive at a point where too few people can actually buy all our stuff and services?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Are","we","producing","ever","more","cheaply","only","to","arrive","at","a","point","where","too","few","people","can","actually","buy","all","our","stuff","and","services","?"],"tags":[15,1,27,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Or will the future see a tiny minority of the super-rich who own the machines dominating the rest of us?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Or","will","the","future","see","a","tiny","minority","of","the","super","-","rich","who","own","the","machines","dominating","the","rest","of","us","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And does our future really have to be that grim?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","does","our","future","really","have","to","be","that","grim","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,13,17,18,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"While we were fairly dark in this video, it's far from certain that things will turn out negatively.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","we","were","fairly","dark","in","this","video",",","it","'s","far","from","certain","that","things","will","turn","out","negatively","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,12,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The information age and modern automation could be a huge opportunity to change human society and reduce poverty and inequality drastically.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","information","age","and","modern","automation","could","be","a","huge","opportunity","to","change","human","society","and","reduce","poverty","and","inequality","drastically","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It could be a seminal moment in human history.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","could","be","a","seminal","moment","in","human","history","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to help us out and get a personal Kurzgesagt bird in return, that would be really useful.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":99,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","help","us","out","and","get","a","personal","Kurzgesagt","bird","in","return",",","that","would","be","really","useful","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"We based much of this video on two very good books.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","based","much","of","this","video","on","two","very","good","books","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This video is part of a larger series about how technology is already changing and will change human life forever.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","is","part","of","a","larger","series","about","how","technology","is","already","changing","and","will","change","human","life","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"We mix them into concrete that can hold up the tallest towers ever built, like the 828 meter tall Burj Khalifa that's 500 times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":28,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","mix","them","into","concrete","that","can","hold","up","the","tallest","towers","ever","built",",","like","the","828","meter","tall","Burj","Khalifa","that","'s","500","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If you were that tall, people would be as small to you as grains of sand in your hand.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","you","were","that","tall",",","people","would","be","as","small","to","you","as","grains","of","sand","in","your","hand","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Hey, be gentle.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u611f\u53f9\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Hey",",","be","gentle","."],"tags":[0,0,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"A medium-sized city like Lisbon is about 6,000 times larger than yourself and permeated by a network of highways, roads and alleys.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":129,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","medium","-","sized","city","like","Lisbon","is","about","6,000","times","larger","than","yourself","and","permeated","by","a","network","of","highways",",","roads","and","alleys","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On the other end, about 6,000 times smaller than you, are your small arteries permeating your whole body.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end",",","about","6,000","times","smaller","than","you",",","are","your","small","arteries","permeating","your","whole","body","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,2,27,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Actually, you're in the middle between your network of blood vessels and the network of a city like Lisbon.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Actually",",","you","'re","in","the","middle","between","your","network","of","blood","vessels","and","the","network","of","a","city","like","Lisbon","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If you think of a city as a living being, you find more and more parallels.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","think","of","a","city","as","a","living","being",",","you","find","more","and","more","parallels","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A small alley is as small to the city as an arterial, 0.1 millimeters wide, is to you.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","small","alley","is","as","small","to","the","city","as","an","arterial",",","0.1","millimeters","wide",",","is","to","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Your tiniest capillaries are to you what the pipes bringing water to homes are to Lisbon.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Your","tiniest","capillaries","are","to","you","what","the","pipes","bringing","water","to","homes","are","to","Lisbon","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Going further, 100,000 times smaller than you, we reach a typical skin cell about 30 micrometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Going","further",",","100,000","times","smaller","than","you",",","we","reach","a","typical","skin","cell","about","30","micrometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A neutrophil is half as big and one of your red blood cells is merely 7 micrometers.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","neutrophil","is","half","as","big","and","one","of","your","red","blood","cells","is","merely","7","micrometers","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"They are as small to you as you are to the entire Tokyo metropolitan area, the largest urban area in the world spanning over 160 kilometers.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":138,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":26,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","to","the","entire","Tokyo","metropolitan","area",",","the","largest","urban","area","in","the","world","spanning","over","160","kilometers","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"You are so incredibly big, filled with so much complexity, so many different moving parts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["You","are","so","incredibly","big",",","filled","with","so","much","complexity",",","so","many","different","moving","parts","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Or are you just a cell in the human civilization's superstructure?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","are","you","just","a","cell","in","the","human","civilization","'s","superstructure","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Are you both?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","you","both","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,0]}
+{"text":"Our steps are getting larger and larger now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Our","steps","are","getting","larger","and","larger","now","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,13,0]}
+{"text":"Germany is around 875 kilometers from north to south and the fourth biggest agricultural exporter in the world.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Germany","is","around","875","kilometers","from","north","to","south","and","the","fourth","biggest","agricultural","exporter","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Rhizobia","is","a","nitrogen","-","fixing","bacteria","up","to","3","micrometers","long","and","without","it",",","that","sort","of","agricultural","production","is","impossible","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So we have a country and a bacterium depending on each other and you are in the middle, both being roughly 550,000 times larger or smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":11,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":147,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","we","have","a","country","and","a","bacterium","depending","on","each","other","and","you","are","in","the","middle",",","both","being","roughly","550,000","times","larger","or","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It's about 12,700 kilometers in diameter, about 7.7 billion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","about","12,700","kilometers","in","diameter",",","about","7.7","billion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On the other side of the scale is cornebacterium, as little as 0.3 micrometers across, living on your skin and eyes along with 100 billion other bacteria, more than 10 times more than there are humans on Earth.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":209,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":40,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","side","of","the","scale","is","cornebacterium",",","as","little","as","0.3","micrometers","across",",","living","on","your","skin","and","eyes","along","with","100","billion","other","bacteria",",","more","than","10","times","more","than","there","are","humans","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,21,1,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Again, you are in the center, right in the middle of something so large that our civilization is a mere scratch on its surface and something so small and numerous you never notice its presence even as it touches you.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":215,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":41,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Again",",","you","are","in","the","center",",","right","in","the","middle","of","something","so","large","that","our","civilization","is","a","mere","scratch","on","its","surface","and","something","so","small","and","numerous","you","never","notice","its","presence","even","as","it","touches","you","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Does that make you feel small or big?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","that","make","you","feel","small","or","big","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"From here on out, your brain is breaking a bit.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","here","on","out",",","your","brain","is","breaking","a","bit","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,27,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Four times wider than Earth is Neptune, a cold blue gas giant 49,500 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Four","times","wider","than","Earth","is","Neptune",",","a","cold","blue","gas","giant","49,500","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,21,1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0]}
+{"text":"The largest planet though is Jupiter, 140,000 kilometers in diameter, a titanic abyss shrouded in terrible winds.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":111,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","largest","planet","though","is","Jupiter",",","140,000","kilometers","in","diameter",",","a","titanic","abyss","shrouded","in","terrible","winds","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"On the opposite scale, we find the deadly West Nile virus, 50 nanometers in diameter.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","opposite","scale",",","we","find","the","deadly","West","Nile","virus",",","50","nanometers","in","diameter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"They are as small to you as you are to the planet Jupiter.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":12,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","are","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","to","the","planet","Jupiter","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Let that sink in.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","that","sink","in","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,0]}
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+{"text":"That's like you trying to kill a giant the size of the Burj Khalifa with a screwdriver.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","like","you","trying","to","kill","a","giant","the","size","of","the","Burj","Khalifa","with","a","screwdriver","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But the real boss of the solar system is the Sun.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","the","real","boss","of","the","solar","system","is","the","Sun","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"A billion times smaller than you, clearly the boss of our body, is a DNA strand containing all the information making your life possible.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":136,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":25,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","billion","times","smaller","than","you",",","clearly","the","boss","of","our","body",",","is","a","DNA","strand","containing","all","the","information","making","your","life","possible","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"You're right in the middle between the most important factors keeping everything alive.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","'re","right","in","the","middle","between","the","most","important","factors","keeping","everything","alive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"From here on, things just kind of stop making sense.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["From","here","on",",","things","just","kind","of","stop","making","sense","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,13,14,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"A billion is already too much, but now everything just seems to mean a lot.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","billion","is","already","too","much",",","but","now","everything","just","seems","to","mean","a","lot","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A-star, is 14.5 billion times bigger than you.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","supermassive","black","hole","at","the","center","of","our","galaxy",",","Sagittarius","A","-","star",",","is","14.5","billion","times","bigger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"A hydrogen atom is 15.5 billion times smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["A","hydrogen","atom","is","15.5","billion","times","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But the thing is, we're not even close to being done, and it's not impossible to get at least a sense of how these scale.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","thing","is",",","we","'re","not","even","close","to","being","done",",","and","it","'s","not","impossible","to","get","at","least","a","sense","of","how","these","scale","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The solar system is 22 trillion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","solar","system","is","22","trillion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On the other end of the scale is the wavelength of low-energy neutrinos released from fusion reactions in our Sun.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end","of","the","scale","is","the","wavelength","of","low","-","energy","neutrinos","released","from","fusion","reactions","in","our","Sun","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"About 100 trillion of them are passing through you every single second, like ghosts a trillion times smaller than you, basically never hitting any of the particles inside you.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":20,"token_start":13},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":30,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["About","100","trillion","of","them","are","passing","through","you","every","single","second",",","like","ghosts","a","trillion","times","smaller","than","you",",","basically","never","hitting","any","of","the","particles","inside","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If you moved through the solar system in a straight line, you probably wouldn't hit anything either.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":78,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":80,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","moved","through","the","solar","system","in","a","straight","line",",","you","probably","would","n't","hit","anything","either","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,15,37,19,5,13,0]}
+{"text":"Although things are beginning to get really weird now.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Although","things","are","beginning","to","get","really","weird","now","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A single proton at the heart of the hydrogen atom is almost exactly one quadrillion times smaller than you.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["A","single","proton","at","the","heart","of","the","hydrogen","atom","is","almost","exactly","one","quadrillion","times","smaller","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If the proton were as big as you, the hydrogen atoms would be taller than 12 Mount Everest's.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","the","proton","were","as","big","as","you",",","the","hydrogen","atoms","would","be","taller","than","12","Mount","Everest","'s","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On the other end, we meet something that just breaks human brains, the incredible vastness of space.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end",",","we","meet","something","that","just","breaks","human","brains",",","the","incredible","vastness","of","space","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We just have no reference for these distances at all.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","just","have","no","reference","for","these","distances","at","all","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"We're simplifying so much, it's like a lie anyway.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","simplifying","so","much",",","it","'s","like","a","lie","anyway","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"However we choose to illustrate this, it's wrong.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["However","we","choose","to","illustrate","this",",","it","'s","wrong","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Nobody knows.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Nobody","knows","."],"tags":[1,25,0]}
+{"text":"As you sit here confused, let's look up again.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","you","sit","here","confused",",","let","'s","look","up","again","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"The ocean of quarks in a proton, inside a single atom of a single cell of your body, is as small to you as you are compared to a sphere around 174 light years across, containing about 16,000 stars.","spans":[{"end":83,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":18,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":196,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":41,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["The","ocean","of","quarks","in","a","proton",",","inside","a","single","atom","of","a","single","cell","of","your","body",",","is","as","small","to","you","as","you","are","compared","to","a","sphere","around","174","light","years","across",",","containing","about","16,000","stars","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And this is just a tiny speck of dust to our galaxy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","just","a","tiny","speck","of","dust","to","our","galaxy","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The Milky Way is close to one sextillion times larger than you.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","is","close","to","one","sextillion","times","larger","than","you","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"We're getting to the end.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","'re","getting","to","the","end","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"But it's still finite.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","still","finite","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,0]}
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+{"text":"If you were the size of our galaxy, the observable universe would only be a day's drive across.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":72,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","were","the","size","of","our","galaxy",",","the","observable","universe","would","only","be","a","day","'s","drive","across","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"On the other end of that scale, we have the tiniest particle ever detected.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["On","the","other","end","of","that","scale",",","we","have","the","tiniest","particle","ever","detected","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A proton traveling so close to the speed of light, it got squished into a pancake.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["A","proton","traveling","so","close","to","the","speed","of","light",",","it","got","squished","into","a","pancake","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We're at the border of things that we have evidence for.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","'re","at","the","border","of","things","that","we","have","evidence","for","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Are you truly in the middle of everything?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","truly","in","the","middle","of","everything","?"],"tags":[21,1,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The theoretical smallest physical distance is the Planck length, a hundred million times smaller than even the pancake proton.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","theoretical","smallest","physical","distance","is","the","Planck","length",",","a","hundred","million","times","smaller","than","even","the","pancake","proton","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But we don't know if it's real, only that our theories of the universe break down here.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","we","do","n't","know","if","it","'s","real",",","only","that","our","theories","of","the","universe","break","down","here","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Likewise, on the other end, does the bigness of the universe match the smallness of the Planck length?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Likewise",",","on","the","other","end",",","does","the","bigness","of","the","universe","match","the","smallness","of","the","Planck","length","?"],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,0,15,1,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Let's go back and look at the dimensions again.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","and","look","at","the","dimensions","again","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"That's why they've now spent over 15 years researching charitable organizations and only direct funding to a few of the highest-impact opportunities they've found in global health and poverty alleviation, and why we trust their judgment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":235,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":41,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","they","'ve","now","spent","over","15","years","researching","charitable","organizations","and","only","direct","funding","to","a","few","of","the","highest","-","impact","opportunities","they","'ve","found","in","global","health","and","poverty","alleviation",",","and","why","we","trust","their","judgment","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"You can find all of their research and recommendations on their site for free.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","find","all","of","their","research","and","recommendations","on","their","site","for","free","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Over 100,000 donors have used GiveWell to donate more than $1 billion.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Over","100,000","donors","have","used","GiveWell","to","donate","more","than","$","1","billion","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"These donations have the potential to save over 150,000 lives and improve the lives of millions more.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","donations","have","the","potential","to","save","over","150,000","lives","and","improve","the","lives","of","millions","more","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"If you've never donated through GiveWell before, you can have your donation matched up to $100 before the end of the year or as long as matching funds last.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":31,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["If","you","'ve","never","donated","through","GiveWell","before",",","you","can","have","your","donation","matched","up","to","$","100","before","the","end","of","the","year","or","as","long","as","matching","funds","last","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Donations made through them are tax-deductible, and GiveWell doesn't take a cut.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Donations","made","through","them","are","tax","-","deductible",",","and","GiveWell","does","n't","take","a","cut","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"To claim your match, go to givewell.org, pick YouTube, and enter Kurzgesagt and check out to get your donation matched.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","claim","your","match",",","go","to","givewell.org",",","pick","YouTube",",","and","enter","Kurzgesagt","and","check","out","to","get","your","donation","matched","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"We wish you a peaceful and cozy turn of the year.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","wish","you","a","peaceful","and","cozy","turn","of","the","year","."],"tags":[1,19,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
+{"text":"See you back at full throttle in January.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["See","you","back","at","full","throttle","in","January","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"When we think about alien civilizations, we tend to look into the vastness of space, to faraway planets.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":103,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["When","we","think","about","alien","civilizations",",","we","tend","to","look","into","the","vastness","of","space",",","to","faraway","planets","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"But there is another incredibly vast dimension that we might be giving too little thought to.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","another","incredibly","vast","dimension","that","we","might","be","giving","too","little","thought","to","."],"tags":[0,3,25,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Could it be that over the last hundreds of millions of years, other civilizations existed on Earth?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Could","it","be","that","over","the","last","hundreds","of","millions","of","years",",","other","civilizations","existed","on","Earth","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"What does science have to say about this and what are the implications for us?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["What","does","science","have","to","say","about","this","and","what","are","the","implications","for","us","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,17,18,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Where would we look for them and what could we hope to find?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Where","would","we","look","for","them","and","what","could","we","hope","to","find","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,31,32,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Sadly, we have only one civilization to look at, ourselves.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Sadly",",","we","have","only","one","civilization","to","look","at",",","ourselves","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Progress was slow and our lifestyle didn't change much, although there may have been local bursts of complexity.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":111,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":22,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Progress","was","slow","and","our","lifestyle","did","n't","change","much",",","although","there","may","have","been","local","bursts","of","complexity","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"we changed the face of the planet, cleared forests and constructed cities and temples for our gods at breathtaking speeds and scales.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["we","changed","the","face","of","the","planet",",","cleared","forests","and","constructed","cities","and","temples","for","our","gods","at","breathtaking","speeds","and","scales","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Until about 300 years ago, we became an industrial species and yet again our numbers grew exponentially, as did our impact on the planet.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Until","about","300","years","ago",",","we","became","an","industrial","species","and","yet","again","our","numbers","grew","exponentially",",","as","did","our","impact","on","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Everything older has been crushed to dust or turned over and it's either below the ground or covered by ice or ocean.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Everything","older","has","been","crushed","to","dust","or","turned","over","and","it","'s","either","below","the","ground","or","covered","by","ice","or","ocean","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Our age, the Anthropocene, will be a layer only a few centimeters thick in a few million years.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Our","age",",","the","Anthropocene",",","will","be","a","layer","only","a","few","centimeters","thick","in","a","few","million","years","."],"tags":[1,2,0,39,40,0,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If there were aliens before us and they too went through these three phases, what would remain of them?","spans":[{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":81,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":94,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":17,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","there","were","aliens","before","us","and","they","too","went","through","these","three","phases",",","what","would","remain","of","them","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"What can we learn about indigenous aliens by looking at ourselves?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","can","we","learn","about","indigenous","aliens","by","looking","at","ourselves","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We actually know that in the last few million years there were hunter-gatherer aliens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","actually","know","that","in","the","last","few","million","years","there","were","hunter","-","gatherer","aliens","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"They left fragments of their bodies, of weapons and tools and even art.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","left","fragments","of","their","bodies",",","of","weapons","and","tools","and","even","art","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Considering how long they existed and how little remains of them, although they live not that far from our present, it's easy to think there have been others.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":12},{"end":118,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":120,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":118,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":157,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":30,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Considering","how","long","they","existed","and","how","little","remains","of","them",",","although","they","live","not","that","far","from","our","present",",","it","'s","easy","to","think","there","have","been","others","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"For the last two million years, most hominins lived as hunter-gatherers.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","the","last","two","million","years",",","most","hominins","lived","as","hunter","-","gatherers","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So if these aliens never moved up higher on the tech tree, hundreds of different species and cultures could have existed without leaving any traces.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":106,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":111,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":108,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":119,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":113,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":25,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["So","if","these","aliens","never","moved","up","higher","on","the","tech","tree",",","hundreds","of","different","species","and","cultures","could","have","existed","without","leaving","any","traces","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Their artifacts lost to biological and then geological processes.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","artifacts","lost","to","biological","and","then","geological","processes","."],"tags":[1,2,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"At worst, they would leave absolutely nothing to be found after thousands of years.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["At","worst",",","they","would","leave","absolutely","nothing","to","be","found","after","thousands","of","years","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We talked about how unlikely the process of fossilization is in more detail in our dinosaur video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","talked","about","how","unlikely","the","process","of","fossilization","is","in","more","detail","in","our","dinosaur","video","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But in a nutshell, per 100,000 years of Earth's history, we only get a handful of good fossils.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","in","a","nutshell",",","per","100,000","years","of","Earth","'s","history",",","we","only","get","a","handful","of","good","fossils","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So we might easily just miss fossils of such people, but even if we had any, we wouldn't necessarily be able to identify them as hunter-gatherers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":30,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So","we","might","easily","just","miss","fossils","of","such","people",",","but","even","if","we","had","any",",","we","would","n't","necessarily","be","able","to","identify","them","as","hunter","-","gatherers","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,13,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Looking at humans again, agricultural societies left much more to be dug up and found","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":84,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Looking","at","humans","again",",","agricultural","societies","left","much","more","to","be","dug","up","and","found"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6]}
+{"text":"because they used more sophisticated tools made from sturdier materials and had to feed millions, leaving many more artifacts.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":75,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u53e5","start":76,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["because","they","used","more","sophisticated","tools","made","from","sturdier","materials","and","had","to","feed","millions",",","leaving","many","more","artifacts","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Farming allowed them to specialize and develop tech from writing to navigation, architecture, and government.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Farming","allowed","them","to","specialize","and","develop","tech","from","writing","to","navigation",",","architecture",",","and","government","."],"tags":[1,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Over thousands of years, city-states became kingdoms and empires, some existing for millennia before they fell.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","thousands","of","years",",","city","-","states","became","kingdoms","and","empires",",","some","existing","for","millennia","before","they","fell","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}