diff --git "a/en.validation.jsonl" "b/en.validation.jsonl"
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+++ "b/en.validation.jsonl"
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+{"text":"There are still a few extra shiny calendars left.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","are","still","a","few","extra","shiny","calendars","left","."],"tags":[3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"This year, they feature lots of forgotten dinosaurs and other creatures.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","year",",","they","feature","lots","of","forgotten","dinosaurs","and","other","creatures","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So, grab one of the last copies and make a loved one or yourself happy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","grab","one","of","the","last","copies","and","make","a","loved","one","or","yourself","happy","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Over the last few years, organic food has spread like wildfire.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Over","the","last","few","years",",","organic","food","has","spread","like","wildfire","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Despite higher prices, buying organic is turning from an alternative into a moral and social responsibility.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Despite","higher","prices",",","buying","organic","is","turning","from","an","alternative","into","a","moral","and","social","responsibility","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Organic food is supposedly healthier, more natural and more ethical.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Organic","food","is","supposedly","healthier",",","more","natural","and","more","ethical","."],"tags":[1,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But what do we even mean when we say organic?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u8fde\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","do","we","even","mean","when","we","say","organic","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,13,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There's no global consensus, so different regions have different definitions and rules.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["There","'s","no","global","consensus",",","so","different","regions","have","different","definitions","and","rules","."],"tags":[3,21,37,1,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In general, organic food is farmed without GMO seeds, synthetic fertilizers or synthetic pesticides.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","general",",","organic","food","is","farmed","without","GMO","seeds",",","synthetic","fertilizers","or","synthetic","pesticides","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Instead, organic farmers use more traditional ways of producing food like crop rotation and use organic fertilizers such as compost or manure.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Instead",",","organic","farmers","use","more","traditional","ways","of","producing","food","like","crop","rotation","and","use","organic","fertilizers","such","as","compost","or","manure","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"While the motivation to buy organic food is clearly noble, is it actually effective or just another costly trend we can skip without feeling guilty?","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":146,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":25,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["While","the","motivation","to","buy","organic","food","is","clearly","noble",",","is","it","actually","effective","or","just","another","costly","trend","we","can","skip","without","feeling","guilty","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,21,1,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Is organic food healthier?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","organic","food","healthier","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,0]}
+{"text":"One idea associated with organic crops is that their natural cultivation is supposed to make them more nutritious and healthier.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["One","idea","associated","with","organic","crops","is","that","their","natural","cultivation","is","supposed","to","make","them","more","nutritious","and","healthier","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Indeed, several studies found that organic foods contain more antioxidants.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Indeed",",","several","studies","found","that","organic","foods","contain","more","antioxidants","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Plants produce them as a sort of homemade pesticide.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Plants","produce","them","as","a","sort","of","homemade","pesticide","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Organic plants seem to have to work a little harder, while regular plants have plenty of help from humans.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Organic","plants","seem","to","have","to","work","a","little","harder",",","while","regular","plants","have","plenty","of","help","from","humans","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,17,18,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Antioxidants are believed to have some health benefits, although scientists are still on the fence about them in general.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Antioxidants","are","believed","to","have","some","health","benefits",",","although","scientists","are","still","on","the","fence","about","them","in","general","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We have no idea if and how exactly they help us or how much produce you'd have to eat to absorb a certain amount.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":24,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","have","no","idea","if","and","how","exactly","they","help","us","or","how","much","produce","you","'d","have","to","eat","to","absorb","a","certain","amount","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the evidence is mixed.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","evidence","is","mixed","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"Some studies found that organic food can have slightly higher concentrations of vitamin C and omega-3 fatty acids, while others did not find significant differences.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":3},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Some","studies","found","that","organic","food","can","have","slightly","higher","concentrations","of","vitamin","C","and","omega-3","fatty","acids",",","while","others","did","not","find","significant","differences","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Overall, the mixed evidence suggests that there are only small differences in nutritional value.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Overall",",","the","mixed","evidence","suggests","that","there","are","only","small","differences","in","nutritional","value","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So, from the science available so far, it doesn't look like organic food has significant health benefits.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So",",","from","the","science","available","so","far",",","it","does","n't","look","like","organic","food","has","significant","health","benefits","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"What we do know is that eating fruit and veggies in general is good for you, and most of us don't do that enough.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":25,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["What","we","do","know","is","that","eating","fruit","and","veggies","in","general","is","good","for","you",",","and","most","of","us","do","n't","do","that","enough","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Eating veggies is more important for your health than how they were produced.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Eating","veggies","is","more","important","for","your","health","than","how","they","were","produced","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Is organic food more natural ?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","organic","food","more","natural","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"People don't only buy organic to get extra vitamins, but to avoid something toxic \u2013 artificial pesticides and fertilizers.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["People","do","n't","only","buy","organic","to","get","extra","vitamins",",","but","to","avoid","something","toxic","\u2013","artificial","pesticides","and","fertilizers","."],"tags":[1,15,37,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And indeed, several studies show that there actually is less pesticide residue on organic produce.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","indeed",",","several","studies","show","that","there","actually","is","less","pesticide","residue","on","organic","produce","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But here's where things get complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","here","'s","where","things","get","complicated","."],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"While pesticides are supposed to be a last resort in organic farming, they're not forbidden.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":80,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["While","pesticides","are","supposed","to","be","a","last","resort","in","organic","farming",",","they","'re","not","forbidden","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,29,0]}
+{"text":"Most organic pesticides are natural toxins like vegetable oils, potash soap, sulfur or copper sulfates, but there are synthetic substances as well.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":16,"token_start":4},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Most","organic","pesticides","are","natural","toxins","like","vegetable","oils",",","potash","soap",",","sulfur","or","copper","sulfates",",","but","there","are","synthetic","substances","as","well","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"What's the difference between organic and regular pesticides?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","'s","the","difference","between","organic","and","regular","pesticides","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Organic pesticides are not necessarily safer than conventional ones.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Organic","pesticides","are","not","necessarily","safer","than","conventional","ones","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Toxic is toxic, no matter if the substance is manufactured or derived from nature.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Toxic","is","toxic",",","no","matter","if","the","substance","is","manufactured","or","derived","from","nature","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In fact, in the case of copper sulfate, often used on organic apples, the organic pesticide of choice is actually more harmful to humans.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":102,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":114,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["In","fact",",","in","the","case","of","copper","sulfate",",","often","used","on","organic","apples",",","the","organic","pesticide","of","choice","is","actually","more","harmful","to","humans","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The toxicity of any substance depends on its concentration and your exposure to it, not if it's natural or not.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","toxicity","of","any","substance","depends","on","its","concentration","and","your","exposure","to","it",",","not","if","it","'s","natural","or","not","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There are few recent studies about how our current level of pesticide exposure affects our long-term health.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","few","recent","studies","about","how","our","current","level","of","pesticide","exposure","affects","our","long","-","term","health","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"A 2018 study from France associated never eating organic food with a higher risk of certain cancers.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","2018","study","from","France","associated","never","eating","organic","food","with","a","higher","risk","of","certain","cancers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The study was criticized a lot, though.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","study","was","criticized","a","lot",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"The participants reported their dietary habits themselves, while no actual tests of pesticide levels in their bodies were done.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","participants","reported","their","dietary","habits","themselves",",","while","no","actual","tests","of","pesticide","levels","in","their","bodies","were","done","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Complicating things even more, a Danish study from 2018 found that the danger from pesticides for an adult was similar to drinking a glass of wine every three months.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":165,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":29,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Complicating","things","even","more",",","a","Danish","study","from","2018","found","that","the","danger","from","pesticides","for","an","adult","was","similar","to","drinking","a","glass","of","wine","every","three","months","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The pesticides on your vegetables are nothing to lose sleep over.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","pesticides","on","your","vegetables","are","nothing","to","lose","sleep","over","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Despite this, we should continue to demand strict standards for our food.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Despite","this",",","we","should","continue","to","demand","strict","standards","for","our","food","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"All pesticides are regulated and tested very strictly in the EU and the US.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["All","pesticides","are","regulated","and","tested","very","strictly","in","the","EU","and","the","US","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Every year, thousands of food samples are screened for pesticides.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Every","year",",","thousands","of","food","samples","are","screened","for","pesticides","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"The majority of samples have no residues or just a fraction of the tolerance level.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","majority","of","samples","have","no","residues","or","just","a","fraction","of","the","tolerance","level","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Right now, contamination from bacteria and fungi is much more dangerous.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","contamination","from","bacteria","and","fungi","is","much","more","dangerous","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And on this front, the risk is the same, be it organic or regular food.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["And","on","this","front",",","the","risk","is","the","same",",","be","it","organic","or","regular","food","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Is organic food better for the environment?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","organic","food","better","for","the","environment","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In 2017, a meta-analysis looked at organic farming in detail and analyzed organic and regular foods from over 700 production sources","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","2017",",","a","meta","-","analysis","looked","at","organic","farming","in","detail","and","analyzed","organic","and","regular","foods","from","over","700","production","sources"],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42]}
+{"text":"No production method is clearly better for the environment.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["No","production","method","is","clearly","better","for","the","environment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Organic systems use less energy than conventional ones, but have similar greenhouse gas emissions.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Organic","systems","use","less","energy","than","conventional","ones",",","but","have","similar","greenhouse","gas","emissions","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Organic farms use less pesticide, but need much more land to produce the same amount of crop.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Organic","farms","use","less","pesticide",",","but","need","much","more","land","to","produce","the","same","amount","of","crop","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"These mixed results were also confirmed by a report from the Swedish Food Agency.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","mixed","results","were","also","confirmed","by","a","report","from","the","Swedish","Food","Agency","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Organic and regular were equal in most regards.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Organic","and","regular","were","equal","in","most","regards","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The biggest difference was land use, and here conventional farming clearly won, and ecotoxicity, where organic farming has a clear advantage.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":140,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","biggest","difference","was","land","use",",","and","here","conventional","farming","clearly","won",",","and","ecotoxicity",",","where","organic","farming","has","a","clear","advantage","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So according to these results, conventional farming actually has a little bit less impact on the environment compared to organic.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":61,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":17,"token_start":10},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","according","to","these","results",",","conventional","farming","actually","has","a","little","bit","less","impact","on","the","environment","compared","to","organic","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"They both have pros and cons, and the best way to produce healthy food efficiently would be a combination of their best features.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":23,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","both","have","pros","and","cons",",","and","the","best","way","to","produce","healthy","food","efficiently","would","be","a","combination","of","their","best","features","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"If you simply want to eat healthily, you should buy more fruit and veggies of any kind, not necessarily organic.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","simply","want","to","eat","healthily",",","you","should","buy","more","fruit","and","veggies","of","any","kind",",","not","necessarily","organic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The easiest option is to buy local food that's in season.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","easiest","option","is","to","buy","local","food","that","'s","in","season","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Is it possible that we are not real and we don't even know it?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Is","it","possible","that","we","are","not","real","and","we","do","n't","even","know","it","?"],"tags":[21,3,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Your body might feel like it's filled with bubbly things, but it might be empty until you open it.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Your","body","might","feel","like","it","'s","filled","with","bubbly","things",",","but","it","might","be","empty","until","you","open","it","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The minimum requirement for our simulation is only the consciousness of our virtual humans.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","minimum","requirement","for","our","simulation","is","only","the","consciousness","of","our","virtual","humans","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Okay, so are we being simulated?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","are","we","being","simulated","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,15,1,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"Well, maybe, but there are a few conditions that need to be met.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Well",",","maybe",",","but","there","are","a","few","conditions","that","need","to","be","met","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Obviously, we have no authority over this topic, so please take everything we say with a grain of salt.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Obviously",",","we","have","no","authority","over","this","topic",",","so","please","take","everything","we","say","with","a","grain","of","salt","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Based on a modified version of the original simulation argument by Nick Bostrom, we have five assumptions for you.","spans":[{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":82,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":84,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":106,"token_end":19,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Based","on","a","modified","version","of","the","original","simulation","argument","by","Nick","Bostrom",",","we","have","five","assumptions","for","you","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"If they're true, you, dear viewer, are living in a simulation.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","they","'re","true",",","you",",","dear","viewer",",","are","living","in","a","simulation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,0,39,40,0,15,27,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"One year has 30 million seconds times 50 years times 200 billion humans times 10 to the power of 20 operations.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["One","year","has","30","million","seconds","times","50","years","times","200","billion","humans","times","10","to","the","power","of","20","operations","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So we need a computer able to handle a million trillion trillion trillion operations per second.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","we","need","a","computer","able","to","handle","a","million","trillion","trillion","trillion","operations","per","second","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A computer like this is just impossible.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","computer","like","this","is","just","impossible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"A computer that can handle a million trillion trillion trillion operations is serious business, but there are actually concepts for computers which could handle this.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":100,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["A","computer","that","can","handle","a","million","trillion","trillion","trillion","operations","is","serious","business",",","but","there","are","actually","concepts","for","computers","which","could","handle","this","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The Matryoshka brain is a theoretical megastructure made up of billions of parts orbiting a star feeding on its radiation.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Matryoshka","brain","is","a","theoretical","megastructure","made","up","of","billions","of","parts","orbiting","a","star","feeding","on","its","radiation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"A computer of this scale would have enough power to simulate many thousands, if not millions of humanities at the same time.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","computer","of","this","scale","would","have","enough","power","to","simulate","many","thousands",",","if","not","millions","of","humanities","at","the","same","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Other technologies, like high-end future quantum computers, might lower the size drastically,","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":66,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Other","technologies",",","like","high","-","end","future","quantum","computers",",","might","lower","the","size","drastically",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,15,19,5,6,13,0]}
+{"text":"so it might be possible to do this with a structure the size of a large city, or even smaller.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["so","it","might","be","possible","to","do","this","with","a","structure","the","size","of","a","large","city",",","or","even","smaller","."],"tags":[0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"If there is a point at which all civilizations destroy themselves, this whole discussion ends here.","spans":[{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":89,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","there","is","a","point","at","which","all","civilizations","destroy","themselves",",","this","whole","discussion","ends","here","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,25,13,0]}
+{"text":"Looking into space, you'd expect a universe filled with millions of alien civilizations, but we see nobody.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":14,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Looking","into","space",",","you","'d","expect","a","universe","filled","with","millions","of","alien","civilizations",",","but","we","see","nobody","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The reason for this might be great filters.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","reason","for","this","might","be","great","filters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Great filters are barriers life has to overcome, like nuclear war, asteroids, climate change, or a black hole generator.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Great","filters","are","barriers","life","has","to","overcome",",","like","nuclear","war",",","asteroids",",","climate","change",",","or","a","black","hole","generator","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If life is inherently self-destructive, then there are no simulations.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","life","is","inherently","self","-","destructive",",","then","there","are","no","simulations","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,3,21,1,2,0]}
+{"text":"We explain this in more detail in our Fermi paradox video.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","explain","this","in","more","detail","in","our","Fermi","paradox","video","."],"tags":[1,19,5,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Assumption 4. Super-advanced civilizations want to run simulations.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Assumption","4",".","Super","-","advanced","civilizations","want","to","run","simulations","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"When we speak of post-human civilizations, we don't know what we're dealing with.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","we","speak","of","post","-","human","civilizations",",","we","do","n't","know","what","we","'re","dealing","with","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"To think we know what beings as powerful as gods want is pretty arrogant.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["To","think","we","know","what","beings","as","powerful","as","gods","want","is","pretty","arrogant","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Imagine the smartest ant on Earth living next to an amusement park.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","smartest","ant","on","Earth","living","next","to","an","amusement","park","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"It's curious about what humans are up to, so you try to explain.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","'s","curious","about","what","humans","are","up","to",",","so","you","try","to","explain","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, the ant just doesn't understand.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","the","ant","just","does","n't","understand","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,13,15,37,19,0]}
+{"text":"The concept of roller coasters and standing in lines and holidays and fun doesn't make sense to an ant living an ant life.","spans":[{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["The","concept","of","roller","coasters","and","standing","in","lines","and","holidays","and","fun","does","n't","make","sense","to","an","ant","living","an","ant","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It's the same with us and a post-human being.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","same","with","us","and","a","post","-","human","being","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Compared to them, we are ants.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Compared","to","them",",","we","are","ants","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Running simulations for fun or science might be an absurdly stupid idea to them.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Running","simulations","for","fun","or","science","might","be","an","absurdly","stupid","idea","to","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"then the chances are not zero that you are living inside a simulation.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["then","the","chances","are","not","zero","that","you","are","living","inside","a","simulation","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,37,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Assumption 5. If there are a lot of simulations, you are probably inside a simulation.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Assumption","5",".","If","there","are","a","lot","of","simulations",",","you","are","probably","inside","a","simulation","."],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So, if they run simulations, it would be convenient to run millions or even billions of them.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","if","they","run","simulations",",","it","would","be","convenient","to","run","millions","or","even","billions","of","them","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Since we have no way of knowing if we are simulated or not, in this case, the chances of you being one of the 999,999,999 simulated ones are pretty high.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":28,"token_start":18},{"end":139,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":137,"token_end":29,"token_start":29},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":141,"token_end":31,"token_start":30}],"tokens":["Since","we","have","no","way","of","knowing","if","we","are","simulated","or","not",",","in","this","case",",","the","chances","of","you","being","one","of","the","999,999,999","simulated","ones","are","pretty","high","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So, don't burn your house down to test if there will be glitches.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","do","n't","burn","your","house","down","to","test","if","there","will","be","glitches","."],"tags":[0,0,15,37,19,5,6,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"You might be on a small planet speeding through eternal nothingness or a simulation inside a computer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","might","be","on","a","small","planet","speeding","through","eternal","nothingness","or","a","simulation","inside","a","computer","."],"tags":[1,15,15,13,14,14,14,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Your existence does not become more or less scary and bizarre.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Your","existence","does","not","become","more","or","less","scary","and","bizarre","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"All we can hope to do is try to live good lives and have a good time, and hope that if we actually are simulations in a supercomputer, nobody trips over the power cable.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":168,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":35,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["All","we","can","hope","to","do","is","try","to","live","good","lives","and","have","a","good","time",",","and","hope","that","if","we","actually","are","simulations","in","a","supercomputer",",","nobody","trips","over","the","power","cable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"I think I just unplugged the simulation.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["I","think","I","just","unplugged","the","simulation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Jake over at Vsauce3 is looking into that.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Jake","over","at","Vsauce3","is","looking","into","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Click here to watch his video and subscribe to his channel.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Click","here","to","watch","his","video","and","subscribe","to","his","channel","."],"tags":[19,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Why are you still here?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Why","are","you","still","here","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,13,11,0]}
+{"text":"Go over to Vsauce3, watch the video and subscribe.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Go","over","to","Vsauce3",",","watch","the","video","and","subscribe","."],"tags":[31,32,13,14,0,41,42,42,0,41,0]}
+{"text":"We promise it's worth your time.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","promise","it","'s","worth","your","time","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The insane brutality of ISIS continues.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","insane","brutality","of","ISIS","continues","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,0]}
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+{"text":"Does that make you feel gloomy?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Does","that","make","you","feel","gloomy","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,33,34,0]}
+{"text":"Well, don't, because if you look at the numbers, war actually seems to be going out of fashion","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":70,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":21,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Well",",","do","n't",",","because","if","you","look","at","the","numbers",",","war","actually","seems","to","be","going","out","of","fashion"],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,17,18,15,21,11,12,12]}
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+{"text":"So why have we transitioned from wars between nation-states to civil wars?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","why","have","we","transitioned","from","wars","between","nation","-","states","to","civil","wars","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A lot of it is to do with colonialism and the Cold War.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","it","is","to","do","with","colonialism","and","the","Cold","War","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"When the Cold War ended, a major driver of armed conflict vanished too.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["When","the","Cold","War","ended",",","a","major","driver","of","armed","conflict","vanished","too","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,0]}
+{"text":"But the breakup of the communist dictatorships revealed new or old tensions and brought new conflicts in the now freed states, which often resulted in civil war.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":160,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","the","breakup","of","the","communist","dictatorships","revealed","new","or","old","tensions","and","brought","new","conflicts","in","the","now","freed","states",",","which","often","resulted","in","civil","war","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Much more importantly, in 1945 nearly all of Africa, much of Asia and parts of Latin America were under colonial rule.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":117,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Much","more","importantly",",","in","1945","nearly","all","of","Africa",",","much","of","Asia","and","parts","of","Latin","America","were","under","colonial","rule","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"By 1990, all but a few islands were independent.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["By","1990",",","all","but","a","few","islands","were","independent","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"But wait, couldn't you argue that what today's multinational corporations are doing in the third world is just as bad as colonialism?","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":24,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","could","n't","you","argue","that","what","today","'s","multinational","corporations","are","doing","in","the","third","world","is","just","as","bad","as","colonialism","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,15,37,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Let's look at Congo.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","look","at","Congo","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Violence committed against the indigenous Congolese and the ruthless system of economic exploitation had killed about half of the population by 1908.","spans":[{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":110,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":141,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Violence","committed","against","the","indigenous","Congolese","and","the","ruthless","system","of","economic","exploitation","had","killed","about","half","of","the","population","by","1908","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"About 10 million Congolese were executed or starved to death.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["About","10","million","Congolese","were","executed","or","starved","to","death","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Millions were mutilated and traumatized.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Millions","were","mutilated","and","traumatized","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,0]}
+{"text":"The economic exploitation of the Congo remained the top priority and forced labor never really ceased completely until the end of Belgian rule in 1960, which is not really that long ago.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":185,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":32,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","economic","exploitation","of","the","Congo","remained","the","top","priority","and","forced","labor","never","really","ceased","completely","until","the","end","of","Belgian","rule","in","1960",",","which","is","not","really","that","long","ago","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So no, colonialism was much worse than vulture capitalism is today and it ended just two generations ago.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["So","no",",","colonialism","was","much","worse","than","vulture","capitalism","is","today","and","it","ended","just","two","generations","ago","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Most of the conflicts that are going on right now are in areas that 60 years ago were under foreign control.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","of","the","conflicts","that","are","going","on","right","now","are","in","areas","that","60","years","ago","were","under","foreign","control","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"At the same time, negotiated endings have jumped from 10% to almost 40%.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["At","the","same","time",",","negotiated","endings","have","jumped","from","10","%","to","almost","40","%","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"War is just not as effective at achieving economic goals as it used to be.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["War","is","just","not","as","effective","at","achieving","economic","goals","as","it","used","to","be","."],"tags":[1,21,13,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Today, it's almost always cheaper to buy resources on the global market than to seize them by force.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Today",",","it","'s","almost","always","cheaper","to","buy","resources","on","the","global","market","than","to","seize","them","by","force","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,13,14,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Until World War I, warfare was seen as an inevitable part of the human experience and as a valuable tool which you could use to achieve goals when diplomacy hit a brick wall.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":104,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Until","World","War","I",",","warfare","was","seen","as","an","inevitable","part","of","the","human","experience","and","as","a","valuable","tool","which","you","could","use","to","achieve","goals","when","diplomacy","hit","a","brick","wall","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Today, we have rules that declare acts of aggression illegal and stipulate that armed forces only justified in self-defense or with the authority of the UN Security Council.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":172,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":30,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","have","rules","that","declare","acts","of","aggression","illegal","and","stipulate","that","armed","forces","only","justified","in","self","-","defense","or","with","the","authority","of","the","UN","Security","Council","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"These rules are still broken, but today it's harder to do so without sparking opposition and disapproval.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["These","rules","are","still","broken",",","but","today","it","'s","harder","to","do","so","without","sparking","opposition","and","disapproval","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Also, we have an International Court for War Crimes in The Hague, and that's a very recent innovation.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":4},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Also",",","we","have","an","International","Court","for","War","Crimes","in","The","Hague",",","and","that","'s","a","very","recent","innovation","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Four, borders are mostly fixed now.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Four",",","borders","are","mostly","fixed","now","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,13,29,13,0]}
+{"text":"After World War II, territorial wars generally stopped when most countries pledged to accept international borders and respect other nations' autonomy.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":22,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["After","World","War","II",",","territorial","wars","generally","stopped","when","most","countries","pledged","to","accept","international","borders","and","respect","other","nations","'","autonomy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But is all of this just an anomaly, or are we on the road to lasting peace?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","is","all","of","this","just","an","anomaly",",","or","are","we","on","the","road","to","lasting","peace","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,2,2,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Truth is, we don't know yet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Truth","is",",","we","do","n't","know","yet","."],"tags":[1,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We need a big enough sample to rule out the historical average, which is about one or two big wars per century.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","a","big","enough","sample","to","rule","out","the","historical","average",",","which","is","about","one","or","two","big","wars","per","century","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We just haven't had enough time since World War II to rule out the possibility that war is not going away.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","just","have","n't","had","enough","time","since","World","War","II","to","rule","out","the","possibility","that","war","is","not","going","away","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If we don't have one major war in the next 75 years, we can be really confident that humanity is changing.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","we","do","n't","have","one","major","war","in","the","next","75","years",",","we","can","be","really","confident","that","humanity","is","changing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So, you see, war might be over.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","you","see",",","war","might","be","over","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Yes, there are nasty conflicts going on in many places, but overall things are getting better,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":93,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Yes",",","there","are","nasty","conflicts","going","on","in","many","places",",","but","overall","things","are","getting","better",","],"tags":[0,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"and we can make them even better by speaking up for peace and democracy.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["and","we","can","make","them","even","better","by","speaking","up","for","peace","and","democracy","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,33,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Being a citizen of the European Union means that many aspects of our lives are regulated by a weird entity.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Being","a","citizen","of","the","European","Union","means","that","many","aspects","of","our","lives","are","regulated","by","a","weird","entity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It feels like a huge bureaucracy is making decisions over our heads.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","feels","like","a","huge","bureaucracy","is","making","decisions","over","our","heads","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Many Europeans think that their vote in the EU elections doesn't count and that the EU is not democratic.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","Europeans","think","that","their","vote","in","the","EU","elections","does","n't","count","and","that","the","EU","is","not","democratic","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"How democratic is the EU really?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","democratic","is","the","EU","really","?"],"tags":[11,12,21,1,2,13,0]}
+{"text":"And does your vote actually achieve anything?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","does","your","vote","actually","achieve","anything","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,2,13,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"In democratic states, public policies are based on the will of the people.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","democratic","states",",","public","policies","are","based","on","the","will","of","the","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But the people are not a coherent thing.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","the","people","are","not","a","coherent","thing","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Countless different groups are battling for influence and power to establish laws and rules that benefit them.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Countless","different","groups","are","battling","for","influence","and","power","to","establish","laws","and","rules","that","benefit","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In a working democracy, there are checks and balances that are supposed to create a fair environment where these battles can be fought.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":134,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","a","working","democracy",",","there","are","checks","and","balances","that","are","supposed","to","create","a","fair","environment","where","these","battles","can","be","fought","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Term limits stop factions from dominating too much.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Term","limits","stop","factions","from","dominating","too","much","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"But all of this ends at our borders.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","all","of","this","ends","at","our","borders","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"International politics are not democratic, but anarchic.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["International","politics","are","not","democratic",",","but","anarchic","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"No central authority is powerful enough to ensure fairness or enforce laws, so the only law is the tyranny of the strongest and anarchy.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":135,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["No","central","authority","is","powerful","enough","to","ensure","fairness","or","enforce","laws",",","so","the","only","law","is","the","tyranny","of","the","strongest","and","anarchy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"After World War II, the United Nations were founded to overcome this anarchy by establishing rules on how countries should behave.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","World","War","II",",","the","United","Nations","were","founded","to","overcome","this","anarchy","by","establishing","rules","on","how","countries","should","behave","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But since the UN has virtually no power and its members often have opposing interests, it's usually politely ignored.","spans":[{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":14,"token_start":1},{"end":89,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":116,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":109,"token_end":20,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["But","since","the","UN","has","virtually","no","power","and","its","members","often","have","opposing","interests",",","it","'s","usually","politely","ignored","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,13,29,0]}
+{"text":"The EU is a construct that tries to have rules and laws for its member nations that are actually enforceable, as the European Court of Justice is able to make binding decisions.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":175,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":32,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","EU","is","a","construct","that","tries","to","have","rules","and","laws","for","its","member","nations","that","are","actually","enforceable",",","as","the","European","Court","of","Justice","is","able","to","make","binding","decisions","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Originally, the EU was founded to ensure peace between European nations and prosperity for the continent.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Originally",",","the","EU","was","founded","to","ensure","peace","between","European","nations","and","prosperity","for","the","continent","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But it's also an attempt to gain international power for its members.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","'s","also","an","attempt","to","gain","international","power","for","its","members","."],"tags":[0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It's like a super-state, and it's striving to be democratic and legitimized by all of its citizens.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":98,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","'s","like","a","super","-","state",",","and","it","'s","striving","to","be","democratic","and","legitimized","by","all","of","its","citizens","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"To do that, it has to solve the problem of different actors wanting different things.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","do","that",",","it","has","to","solve","the","problem","of","different","actors","wanting","different","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Only that its members are countries with very different priorities.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Only","that","its","members","are","countries","with","very","different","priorities","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So, how does this work?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","how","does","this","work","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,0]}
+{"text":"Since the EU is ridiculously complex, and politicians are even worse than scientists at naming things, we'll simplify massively and omit a lot of details.","spans":[{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":105,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":108,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":105,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":117,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":109,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":118,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":132,"token_end":27,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["Since","the","EU","is","ridiculously","complex",",","and","politicians","are","even","worse","than","scientists","at","naming","things",",","we","'ll","simplify","massively","and","omit","a","lot","of","details","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"You can find further reading and explanations in our sources document.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["You","can","find","further","reading","and","explanations","in","our","sources","document","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, if you want to create a democratic union of independent nations, you have two options.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Okay",",","if","you","want","to","create","a","democratic","union","of","independent","nations",",","you","have","two","options","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"One, let everybody vote for national politicians who then make decisions for the union together.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":95,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One",",","let","everybody","vote","for","national","politicians","who","then","make","decisions","for","the","union","together","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Or, two, let every citizen vote directly for an independent institution that's able to make binding decisions.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":109,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or",",","two",",","let","every","citizen","vote","directly","for","an","independent","institution","that","'s","able","to","make","binding","decisions","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Both approaches have their upsides and downsides, and the EU ended up with a mix of both of them.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Both","approaches","have","their","upsides","and","downsides",",","and","the","EU","ended","up","with","a","mix","of","both","of","them","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Next to the European Court of Justice, there are four main institutions that we'll talk about today.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":18,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Next","to","the","European","Court","of","Justice",",","there","are","four","main","institutions","that","we","'ll","talk","about","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The third one is the European Commission, which is the de facto government of the EU, having one commissioner for each member state.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":24,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","third","one","is","the","European","Commission",",","which","is","the","de","facto","government","of","the","EU",",","having","one","commissioner","for","each","member","state","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The Parliament is the only part of the EU that is directly elected by you, dear citizen, in the European elections.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":22,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","Parliament","is","the","only","part","of","the","EU","that","is","directly","elected","by","you",",","dear","citizen",",","in","the","European","elections","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In principle, all of these institutions of the EU originate from your direct or indirect vote, be it at the national or EU level.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","principle",",","all","of","these","institutions","of","the","EU","originate","from","your","direct","or","indirect","vote",",","be","it","at","the","national","or","EU","level","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"But some do more than others.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","some","do","more","than","others","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"For example, you vote for your national representative and therefore contribute to form a national government whose head of state has a seat in the European Council.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":164,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":27,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","example",",","you","vote","for","your","national","representative","and","therefore","contribute","to","form","a","national","government","whose","head","of","state","has","a","seat","in","the","European","Council","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"These leaders choose the president of the EU Commission and its fellow commissioners, who eventually are confirmed by the EU Parliament.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":134,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":21,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["These","leaders","choose","the","president","of","the","EU","Commission","and","its","fellow","commissioners",",","who","eventually","are","confirmed","by","the","EU","Parliament","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So this is a sort of indirect democracy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","this","is","a","sort","of","indirect","democracy","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"You didn't vote for the Commission, but you voted for the people who appointed them and for those who confirmed and policed them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","did","n't","vote","for","the","Commission",",","but","you","voted","for","the","people","who","appointed","them","and","for","those","who","confirmed","and","policed","them","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, in effect, 2.5 of the four main European Union institutions depend on the member state governments.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":18,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["So",",","in","effect",",","2.5","of","the","four","main","European","Union","institutions","depend","on","the","member","state","governments","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But since you, as a citizen, can only directly vote for the European Parliament, the question is, how powerful is it?","spans":[{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":15,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":116,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":24,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["But","since","you",",","as","a","citizen",",","can","only","directly","vote","for","the","European","Parliament",",","the","question","is",",","how","powerful","is","it","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"How much influence does your vote have?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["How","much","influence","does","your","vote","have","?"],"tags":[5,6,6,15,1,2,19,0]}
+{"text":"The European Parliament started out with very little influence, but has become more and more powerful over the past two decades.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":21,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","European","Parliament","started","out","with","very","little","influence",",","but","has","become","more","and","more","powerful","over","the","past","two","decades","."],"tags":[1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Today it has to approve new laws, which can be binding for the member countries.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today","it","has","to","approve","new","laws",",","which","can","be","binding","for","the","member","countries","."],"tags":[13,1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It also votes on how the EU budget is spent and on international treaties.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","also","votes","on","how","the","EU","budget","is","spent","and","on","international","treaties","."],"tags":[1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"All of this makes the Parliament very powerful and thus your vote very influential, even on an international level.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":114,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","of","this","makes","the","Parliament","very","powerful","and","thus","your","vote","very","influential",",","even","on","an","international","level","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Compared to national parliaments, one major power is still missing, though.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Compared","to","national","parliaments",",","one","major","power","is","still","missing",",","though","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,13,27,0,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Right now, the member states' governments pretty much control the European Union.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","the","member","states","'","governments","pretty","much","control","the","European","Union","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,13,14,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Giving the Parliament more power would make the EU as a whole more democratic, but it would also take power from member states.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Giving","the","Parliament","more","power","would","make","the","EU","as","a","whole","more","democratic",",","but","it","would","also","take","power","from","member","states","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It's not clear which approach is better.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","clear","which","approach","is","better","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Ultimately, it's for the member states and us as citizens to decide how the Union should develop.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","it","'s","for","the","member","states","and","us","as","citizens","to","decide","how","the","Union","should","develop","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, so can we draw a conclusion here?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","can","we","draw","a","conclusion","here","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,15,1,19,5,6,13,0]}
+{"text":"As a whole, the EU is not as democratic as most of its member states.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":24,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","a","whole",",","the","EU","is","not","as","democratic","as","most","of","its","member","states","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But it is democratic.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","is","democratic","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"If you don't like decisions they make, regarding copyright for example, you can look up what your representatives voted for and vote them out.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":22,"token_start":18},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":128,"token_end":26,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","like","decisions","they","make",",","regarding","copyright","for","example",",","you","can","look","up","what","your","representatives","voted","for","and","vote","them","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The struggle to make it more democratic is closely tied to who holds power over what.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","struggle","to","make","it","more","democratic","is","closely","tied","to","who","holds","power","over","what","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The EU keeps changing.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","EU","keeps","changing","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,0]}
+{"text":"There are many partisan politicians that vowed to make the EU Parliament, and therefore your vote, stronger.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":107,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","many","partisan","politicians","that","vowed","to","make","the","EU","Parliament",",","and","therefore","your","vote",",","stronger","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Many others want to keep it as it is, or even diminish it.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","others","want","to","keep","it","as","it","is",",","or","even","diminish","it","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It's for you to decide what you think is better for the future of the Union.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","for","you","to","decide","what","you","think","is","better","for","the","future","of","the","Union","."],"tags":[3,25,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Currently, it's equally important for the EU who you vote for at home.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Currently",",","it","'s","equally","important","for","the","EU","who","you","vote","for","at","home","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,11,12,13,14,14,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Because these are the people who have the most influence in the European Union right now.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":15,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Because","these","are","the","people","who","have","the","most","influence","in","the","European","Union","right","now","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"At home is also where the EU is often used as a scapegoat.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["At","home","is","also","where","the","EU","is","often","used","as","a","scapegoat","."],"tags":[11,12,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Politicians, especially before national elections, like to pretend the EU is all-powerful and makes up rules and laws over the heads of the governments and citizens.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":164,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":29,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Politicians",",","especially","before","national","elections",",","like","to","pretend","the","EU","is","all","-","powerful","and","makes","up","rules","and","laws","over","the","heads","of","the","governments","and","citizens","."],"tags":[1,0,13,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Although often they were directly responsible for what the EU did.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Although","often","they","were","directly","responsible","for","what","the","EU","did","."],"tags":[0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Democracy is annoying and complicated and often very boring.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Democracy","is","annoying","and","complicated","and","often","very","boring","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But voting and caring about how our political institutions change and develop is one of the most powerful things we can do as citizens.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":134,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","voting","and","caring","about","how","our","political","institutions","change","and","develop","is","one","of","the","most","powerful","things","we","can","do","as","citizens","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The last few years have shown that extreme things can happen through elections.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","last","few","years","have","shown","that","extreme","things","can","happen","through","elections","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We have to decide if we want to be an active part of this process.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","have","to","decide","if","we","want","to","be","an","active","part","of","this","process","."],"tags":[1,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Because Europe is an important topic for us, we've translated this video into as many European languages as possible.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Because","Europe","is","an","important","topic","for","us",",","we","'ve","translated","this","video","into","as","many","European","languages","as","possible","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A couple of European YouTubers narrated it and uploaded it to their own channels.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","couple","of","European","YouTubers","narrated","it","and","uploaded","it","to","their","own","channels","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Thank you to Funk and all YouTubers who helped us.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","to","Funk","and","all","YouTubers","who","helped","us","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"You can find the playlist with all language versions in the description.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","can","find","the","playlist","with","all","language","versions","in","the","description","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Do you think the European Union is worth it, or should we end it?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Do","you","think","the","European","Union","is","worth","it",",","or","should","we","end","it","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Many people feel a strong disconnect with the EU, while others praise its achievements.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Many","people","feel","a","strong","disconnect","with","the","EU",",","while","others","praise","its","achievements","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Everything considered, is its existence good or bad for Europeans?","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Everything","considered",",","is","its","existence","good","or","bad","for","Europeans","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,21,1,2,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Since it looks like the UK is leaving the EU, we'll mostly treat it as if it's no longer part of the club.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Since","it","looks","like","the","UK","is","leaving","the","EU",",","we","'ll","mostly","treat","it","as","if","it","'s","no","longer","part","of","the","club","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The European Union, combining its 27 member countries, has a population of about 450 million people, making it the third most populous sort of country in the world.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":17,"token_start":11},{"end":162,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":30,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["The","European","Union",",","combining","its","27","member","countries",",","has","a","population","of","about","450","million","people",",","making","it","the","third","most","populous","sort","of","country","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It's the world's second largest economy by GDP, and has the biggest single market in the world.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["It","'s","the","world","'s","second","largest","economy","by","GDP",",","and","has","the","biggest","single","market","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But originally, the creation of the European Union was all about one thing.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":74,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","originally",",","the","creation","of","the","European","Union","was","all","about","one","thing","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Europeans are really good at war, so they were embroiled in bloody conflicts for basically all their history.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Europeans","are","really","good","at","war",",","so","they","were","embroiled","in","bloody","conflicts","for","basically","all","their","history","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"A century-long rivalry between Germany and France alone cost millions of lives, and ran so deeply that Germans invented their own word for it, Ebbfeinschaft.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["A","century","-","long","rivalry","between","Germany","and","France","alone","cost","millions","of","lives",",","and","ran","so","deeply","that","Germans","invented","their","own","word","for","it",",","Ebbfeinschaft","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"After the Second World War, Europeans decided they wanted lasting peace that was not based on a balance of military power.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":121,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["After","the","Second","World","War",",","Europeans","decided","they","wanted","lasting","peace","that","was","not","based","on","a","balance","of","military","power","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Instead, the economies, politics and peoples of Europe should become so closely interconnected that war would become both impractical and unthinkable.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":148,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Instead",",","the","economies",",","politics","and","peoples","of","Europe","should","become","so","closely","interconnected","that","war","would","become","both","impractical","and","unthinkable","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The plan worked.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["The","plan","worked","."],"tags":[1,2,23,0]}
+{"text":"Between EU members, we've had over 70 years of peace.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Between","EU","members",",","we","'ve","had","over","70","years","of","peace","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, peace is great and all, but what are the European Union's achievements and problems?","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","peace","is","great","and","all",",","but","what","are","the","European","Union","'s","achievements","and","problems","?"],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Today, EU citizens benefit from many individual freedoms.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Today",",","EU","citizens","benefit","from","many","individual","freedoms","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"EU treaties and regulations ensure easy travel, cheap telecommunications, a great variety of goods and services, as well as very strong health and safety standards.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":27,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["EU","treaties","and","regulations","ensure","easy","travel",",","cheap","telecommunications",",","a","great","variety","of","goods","and","services",",","as","well","as","very","strong","health","and","safety","standards","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"European institutions are not afraid to pick a fight with companies such as Microsoft, Apple or Facebook about fair competition, tax evasion or data protection.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":158,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["European","institutions","are","not","afraid","to","pick","a","fight","with","companies","such","as","Microsoft",",","Apple","or","Facebook","about","fair","competition",",","tax","evasion","or","data","protection","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Through the EU science programmes, the European countries became a collaborative engine that serves as a hub of science in the wider world.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Through","the","EU","science","programmes",",","the","European","countries","became","a","collaborative","engine","that","serves","as","a","hub","of","science","in","the","wider","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Unrestricted travel and the right to work anywhere makes it easy to apply for funds and set up international teams of experts with the best equipment.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":149,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":25,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Unrestricted","travel","and","the","right","to","work","anywhere","makes","it","easy","to","apply","for","funds","and","set","up","international","teams","of","experts","with","the","best","equipment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"In turn, the EU became the world leader in terms of its global share of science researchers and produces more than 25% of the world's research output, with only 5% of its population.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":17,"token_start":9},{"end":181,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":37,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","turn",",","the","EU","became","the","world","leader","in","terms","of","its","global","share","of","science","researchers","and","produces","more","than","25","%","of","the","world","'s","research","output",",","with","only","5","%","of","its","population","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But many citizens feel distrust towards the EU.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","many","citizens","feel","distrust","towards","the","EU","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Brussels seems far away and untransparent, technocratic and difficult to understand.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Brussels","seems","far","away","and","untransparent",",","technocratic","and","difficult","to","understand","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Currently, the EU is still shaken by the refugee crisis of 2015.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Currently",",","the","EU","is","still","shaken","by","the","refugee","crisis","of","2015","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The population is split on how to react to that.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","population","is","split","on","how","to","react","to","that","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Some argue that Europe let in too many immigrants with a different culture without strictly demanding integration,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Some","argue","that","Europe","let","in","too","many","immigrants","with","a","different","culture","without","strictly","demanding","integration",","],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"To strike a balance between helping refugees, turning illegal immigrants away and successfully integrating the ones that stay remains one of the most difficult and controversial challenges of the Union.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":8},{"end":133,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":126,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":201,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":134,"token_end":30,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["To","strike","a","balance","between","helping","refugees",",","turning","illegal","immigrants","away","and","successfully","integrating","the","ones","that","stay","remains","one","of","the","most","difficult","and","controversial","challenges","of","the","Union","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Immigration aside, many more challenges lie in the future, like defence.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Immigration","aside",",","many","more","challenges","lie","in","the","future",",","like","defence","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,0,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"If combined today, the militaries of EU members could form an effective defensive force and be the third largest military in the world.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","combined","today",",","the","militaries","of","EU","members","could","form","an","effective","defensive","force","and","be","the","third","largest","military","in","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"That could save a lot of money, safeguard European borders, and enhance cultural understanding with soldiers from 27 different countries serving one common purpose.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["That","could","save","a","lot","of","money",",","safeguard","European","borders",",","and","enhance","cultural","understanding","with","soldiers","from","27","different","countries","serving","one","common","purpose","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"And for those regions with weaker economies and poor infrastructure, EU institutions provide billions of euros every year,","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":84,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["And","for","those","regions","with","weaker","economies","and","poor","infrastructure",",","EU","institutions","provide","billions","of","euros","every","year",","],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"You cannot unify vastly different economies under one currency, but leave their economic policies separate.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":68,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","not","unify","vastly","different","economies","under","one","currency",",","but","leave","their","economic","policies","separate","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, should all EU countries unite under the common currency or not?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","should","all","EU","countries","unite","under","the","common","currency","or","not","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Should the weakest links be thrown out of the euro, or should countries be made to adopt common policies on taxes, healthcare and social security?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Should","the","weakest","links","be","thrown","out","of","the","euro",",","or","should","countries","be","made","to","adopt","common","policies","on","taxes",",","healthcare","and","social","security","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It's a question that's been brewing for years and is nowhere near a solution.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","question","that","'s","been","brewing","for","years","and","is","nowhere","near","a","solution","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So, everything briefly considered, is the European Union worth it?","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["So",",","everything","briefly","considered",",","is","the","European","Union","worth","it","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,0,21,1,2,2,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Here is our answer.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Here","is","our","answer","."],"tags":[11,21,1,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Put together, we lead in science, are one of the strongest economic powers and could have one of the strongest militaries in the world.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":134,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":25,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Put","together",",","we","lead","in","science",",","are","one","of","the","strongest","economic","powers","and","could","have","one","of","the","strongest","militaries","in","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"If we want to protect the values we're so proud of, a strong European Union is the best way to make sure our voice is heard in the world.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":76,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":30,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","we","want","to","protect","the","values","we","'re","so","proud","of",",","a","strong","European","Union","is","the","best","way","to","make","sure","our","voice","is","heard","in","the","world","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Alone, as small states, we'll hardly stand a chance in a world of shifting superpowers.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Alone",",","as","small","states",",","we","'ll","hardly","stand","a","chance","in","a","world","of","shifting","superpowers","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"What do you think about the EU and its future?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","you","think","about","the","EU","and","its","future","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In recent years, the discussion about political topics has become super toxic with sad real-world consequences.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","recent","years",",","the","discussion","about","political","topics","has","become","super","toxic","with","sad","real","-","world","consequences","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Let's not do that.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","not","do","that","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"If you don't agree with this video, you're not our enemy, you just have a different opinion and that's fine.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","do","n't","agree","with","this","video",",","you","'re","not","our","enemy",",","you","just","have","a","different","opinion","and","that","'s","fine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"The universe is pretty big and very strange.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","universe","is","pretty","big","and","very","strange","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But as enormous as the universe seems looking up, it seems to get even larger when you start looking down.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["But","as","enormous","as","the","universe","seems","looking","up",",","it","seems","to","get","even","larger","when","you","start","looking","down","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,21,13,11,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"You are towering over worlds within worlds within worlds, each in plain sight and yet hidden from your experience.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["You","are","towering","over","worlds","within","worlds","within","worlds",",","each","in","plain","sight","and","yet","hidden","from","your","experience","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Every time we click this magic button, we'll become a thousand times smaller.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":50,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Every","time","we","click","this","magic","button",",","we","'ll","become","a","thousand","times","smaller","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Please slip into this magic science suit so you don't die and can still see.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Please","slip","into","this","magic","science","suit","so","you","do","n't","die","and","can","still","see","."],"tags":[0,19,13,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"It's time to end our journey and return to...","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","time","to","end","our","journey","and","return","to","..."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"What are you doing?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","are","you","doing","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,27,0]}
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+{"text":"The scale here is the Planck length, which is the distance light travels in a Planck time.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","scale","here","is","the","Planck","length",",","which","is","the","distance","light","travels","in","a","Planck","time","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Planck time is the time it takes light to travel a Planck length.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Planck","time","is","the","time","it","takes","light","to","travel","a","Planck","length","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"None of our models of the universe make sense at scales smaller than this, so for now, this is it.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":21,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["None","of","our","models","of","the","universe","make","sense","at","scales","smaller","than","this",",","so","for","now",",","this","is","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"While humans feel pretty great about things like iPhones and spaceships, our bodies and minds are fundamentally the same they were 50,000 years ago.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":92,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":146,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["While","humans","feel","pretty","great","about","things","like","iPhones","and","spaceships",",","our","bodies","and","minds","are","fundamentally","the","same","they","were","50,000","years","ago","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Because of this perceived hostile world, you can become more self-centered to protect yourself,","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Because","of","this","perceived","hostile","world",",","you","can","become","more","self","-","centered","to","protect","yourself",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If loneliness has become a strong presence in your life, the first thing you can do is to try to recognize the vicious cycle you may be trapped in.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":84,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":146,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":29,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","loneliness","has","become","a","strong","presence","in","your","life",",","the","first","thing","you","can","do","is","to","try","to","recognize","the","vicious","cycle","you","may","be","trapped","in","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"It usually goes something like this.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","usually","goes","something","like","this","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"This makes your thoughts about yourself and others more negative, which then changes your behavior.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","makes","your","thoughts","about","yourself","and","others","more","negative",",","which","then","changes","your","behavior","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,33,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"You begin to avoid social interaction, which leads to more feelings of isolation.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","begin","to","avoid","social","interaction",",","which","leads","to","more","feelings","of","isolation","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This cycle becomes more severe and harder to escape each time.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","cycle","becomes","more","severe","and","harder","to","escape","each","time","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Loneliness makes you sit far away from others in class, not answer the phone when friends call, decline invitations until the invitations stop.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Loneliness","makes","you","sit","far","away","from","others","in","class",",","not","answer","the","phone","when","friends","call",",","decline","invitations","until","the","invitations","stop","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Each and every one of us has a story about ourselves and if your story becomes that people exclude you, others pick up on that.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Each","and","every","one","of","us","has","a","story","about","ourselves","and","if","your","story","becomes","that","people","exclude","you",",","others","pick","up","on","that","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And so the outside world can become the way you feel about it.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","so","the","outside","world","can","become","the","way","you","feel","about","it","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"This is often a slow creeping process that takes years and can end in depression and a mental state that prevents connections even if you yearn for them.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":151,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","is","often","a","slow","creeping","process","that","takes","years","and","can","end","in","depression","and","a","mental","state","that","prevents","connections","even","if","you","yearn","for","them","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The first thing you can do to escape it is to accept that loneliness is a totally normal feeling and nothing to be ashamed of.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":125,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","first","thing","you","can","do","to","escape","it","is","to","accept","that","loneliness","is","a","totally","normal","feeling","and","nothing","to","be","ashamed","of","."],"tags":[11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Literally everybody feels lonely at some point in their life.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Literally","everybody","feels","lonely","at","some","point","in","their","life","."],"tags":[13,1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"You can't eliminate or ignore a feeling until it goes away magically, but you can accept that you feel it and get rid of its cause.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["You","ca","n't","eliminate","or","ignore","a","feeling","until","it","goes","away","magically",",","but","you","can","accept","that","you","feel","it","and","get","rid","of","its","cause","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"You can self-examine what you focus your attention on and check if you are selectively concentrating on negative things.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["You","can","self","-","examine","what","you","focus","your","attention","on","and","check","if","you","are","selectively","concentrating","on","negative","things","."],"tags":[1,15,19,20,20,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Was this interaction with a colleague really negative?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Was","this","interaction","with","a","colleague","really","negative","?"],"tags":[21,1,2,2,2,2,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Or was it really neutral or even positive?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","was","it","really","neutral","or","even","positive","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"What was the actual content of an interaction ?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","was","the","actual","content","of","an","interaction","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"What did the other person say?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","did","the","other","person","say","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,2,2,19,0]}
+{"text":"And did they say something bad or did you add extra meaning to their words?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","did","they","say","something","bad","or","did","you","add","extra","meaning","to","their","words","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Are you assuming the worst about others' intentions?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","assuming","the","worst","about","others","'","intentions","?"],"tags":[15,1,27,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Can you just assume that they're not against you?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Can","you","just","assume","that","they","'re","not","against","you","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Can you risk being open and vulnerable again?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Can","you","risk","being","open","and","vulnerable","again","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,13,0]}
+{"text":"Are you avoiding opportunities to be around others?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","avoiding","opportunities","to","be","around","others","?"],"tags":[15,1,27,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Are you looking for excuses to decline invitations?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Are","you","looking","for","excuses","to","decline","invitations","?"],"tags":[15,1,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Or are you pushing others away preemptively to protect yourself?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Or","are","you","pushing","others","away","preemptively","to","protect","yourself","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,27,5,35,13,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Are you acting as if you're getting attacked?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Are","you","acting","as","if","you","'re","getting","attacked","?"],"tags":[15,1,27,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Are you really looking for new connections?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Are","you","really","looking","for","new","connections","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,31,32,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Or have you become complacent with your situation?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Or","have","you","become","complacent","with","your","situation","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Of course, every person and situation is unique and different and just introspection alone might not be enough.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","every","person","and","situation","is","unique","and","different","and","just","introspection","alone","might","not","be","enough","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If you feel unable to solve your situation by yourself please try to reach out and get professional help.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["If","you","feel","unable","to","solve","your","situation","by","yourself","please","try","to","reach","out","and","get","professional","help","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It's not a sign of weakness, but of courage.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","a","sign","of","weakness",",","but","of","courage","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"However we look at loneliness as a purely individual problem that needs solving to create more personal happiness","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["However","we","look","at","loneliness","as","a","purely","individual","problem","that","needs","solving","to","create","more","personal","happiness"],"tags":[13,1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14]}
+{"text":"or as a public health crisis it is something that deserves more attention.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":73,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["or","as","a","public","health","crisis","it","is","something","that","deserves","more","attention","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Humans have built a world that's nothing short of amazing and yet none of the shiny things we've made is able to satisfy or substitute our fundamental biological need for connection.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":181,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":62,"token_end":32,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Humans","have","built","a","world","that","'s","nothing","short","of","amazing","and","yet","none","of","the","shiny","things","we","'ve","made","is","able","to","satisfy","or","substitute","our","fundamental","biological","need","for","connection","."],"tags":[1,15,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Most animals get what they need from their physical surroundings we get what we need from each other and we need to build our artificial human world based on that.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Most","animals","get","what","they","need","from","their","physical","surroundings","we","get","what","we","need","from","each","other","and","we","need","to","build","our","artificial","human","world","based","on","that","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Let's try something together.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","try","something","together","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Let's reach out to someone today.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","reach","out","to","someone","today","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe write a friend you haven't spoken to in a while.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Maybe","write","a","friend","you","have","n't","spoken","to","in","a","while","."],"tags":[13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Call a family member who's become estranged.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":7,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Call","a","family","member","who","'s","become","estranged","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Invite a work buddy for a coffee.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Invite","a","work","buddy","for","a","coffee","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Or just go to something you're usually too afraid to go to or too lazy to go to like a D&D event or a sports club.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":26,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Or","just","go","to","something","you","'re","usually","too","afraid","to","go","to","or","too","lazy","to","go","to","like","a","D&D","event","or","a","sports","club","."],"tags":[0,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Everybody's different so you know what's a good fit for you.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Everybody","'s","different","so","you","know","what","'s","a","good","fit","for","you","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe nothing will come of it and that's okay.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Maybe","nothing","will","come","of","it","and","that","'s","okay","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Don't do this with any expectations.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Do","n't","do","this","with","any","expectations","."],"tags":[15,37,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The goal is just to open up a bit.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","goal","is","just","to","open","up","a","bit","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We want to recommend two of the books we read while researching this video.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","want","to","recommend","two","of","the","books","we","read","while","researching","this","video","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It's an entertaining and scientific exploration as to why we experience loneliness on a biological level.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":103,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","an","entertaining","and","scientific","exploration","as","to","why","we","experience","loneliness","on","a","biological","level","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"And yet, rogue planets might carry alien life to all corners of the galaxy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","yet",",","rogue","planets","might","carry","alien","life","to","all","corners","of","the","galaxy","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"How would that work and how does a planet become a rogue anyway?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","would","that","work","and","how","does","a","planet","become","a","rogue","anyway","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"There are several very different things that get called rogue planets.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","several","very","different","things","that","get","called","rogue","planets","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"They're a sort of failed star and we'll now stop talking about them.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["They","'re","a","sort","of","failed","star","and","we","'ll","now","stop","talking","about","them","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"A far more interesting sort of rogue are terrestrial planets similar to Earth that got kicked out of their planetary system.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","far","more","interesting","sort","of","rogue","are","terrestrial","planets","similar","to","Earth","that","got","kicked","out","of","their","planetary","system","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Young star systems are dangerous places where proto-planets are battling for the available mass guzzling up as much material as possible.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Young","star","systems","are","dangerous","places","where","proto","-","planets","are","battling","for","the","available","mass","guzzling","up","as","much","material","as","possible","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In this fight for dominance, they collide with each other or get dangerously close to each other's orbits.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","this","fight","for","dominance",",","they","collide","with","each","other","or","get","dangerously","close","to","each","other","'s","orbits","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If a very massive planet moves its orbit closer to the star, it can kick smaller planets out of the system.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":21,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","a","very","massive","planet","moves","its","orbit","closer","to","the","star",",","it","can","kick","smaller","planets","out","of","the","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But just because a planet has survived the growing pains of formation doesn't mean it's safe.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":77,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","just","because","a","planet","has","survived","the","growing","pains","of","formation","does","n't","mean","it","'s","safe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Planetary systems can be disrupted by flybys from stars or black holes at any point.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Planetary","systems","can","be","disrupted","by","flybys","from","stars","or","black","holes","at","any","point","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Up to half of all planets born could end up as rogues.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Up","to","half","of","all","planets","born","could","end","up","as","rogues","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Scientists don't agree on the numbers, but it's likely that at the very least there are billions of rogue planets in the Milky Way alone.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":43,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Scientists","do","n't","agree","on","the","numbers",",","but","it","'s","likely","that","at","the","very","least","there","are","billions","of","rogue","planets","in","the","Milky","Way","alone","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Most rogues will share the same depressing fate.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Most","rogues","will","share","the","same","depressing","fate","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"As their star becomes smaller day by day, the planet's surface quickly cools down to minus 270 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","their","star","becomes","smaller","day","by","day",",","the","planet","'s","surface","quickly","cools","down","to","minus","270","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,13,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If they have oceans, they'll freeze and become as hard as bedrock.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":65,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["If","they","have","oceans",",","they","'ll","freeze","and","become","as","hard","as","bedrock","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Their atmospheres will sink down to the surface and eventually freeze too.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Their","atmospheres","will","sink","down","to","the","surface","and","eventually","freeze","too","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But weirdly enough, some of these frozen, dark deserts could harbor life.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","weirdly","enough",",","some","of","these","frozen",",","dark","deserts","could","harbor","life","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"To understand how, let's imagine a planet similar to Earth in the same order of magnitude in terms of mass and composition.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":122,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","understand","how",",","let","'s","imagine","a","planet","similar","to","Earth","in","the","same","order","of","magnitude","in","terms","of","mass","and","composition","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"If we put it into deep space, how could it still support life?","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","we","put","it","into","deep","space",",","how","could","it","still","support","life","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"As far as we understand the nature of life, there is one indispensable ingredient it needs liquid water.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":103,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["As","far","as","we","understand","the","nature","of","life",",","there","is","one","indispensable","ingredient","it","needs","liquid","water","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Water is important because it mixes things, both matter and energy, which lets interesting chemistry happen, like life.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Water","is","important","because","it","mixes","things",",","both","matter","and","energy",",","which","lets","interesting","chemistry","happen",",","like","life","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So our planet needs enough energy to keep at least a part of our oceans warm enough to sustain liquid water.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","our","planet","needs","enough","energy","to","keep","at","least","a","part","of","our","oceans","warm","enough","to","sustain","liquid","water","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Annoyingly, about 99.97% of Earth's energy budget comes from the sun.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Annoyingly",",","about","99.97","%","of","Earth","'s","energy","budget","comes","from","the","sun","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So our imaginary rogue Earth needs to work with the 0.03% of energy it has left, which almost exclusively comes from its hot center.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":25,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","our","imaginary","rogue","Earth","needs","to","work","with","the","0.03","%","of","energy","it","has","left",",","which","almost","exclusively","comes","from","its","hot","center","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Earth's inner core is a giant metal ball, about as hot as the surface of the sun,","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Earth","'s","inner","core","is","a","giant","metal","ball",",","about","as","hot","as","the","surface","of","the","sun",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"that's surrounded by the outer core made up of liquid metals that are very, very slowly solidifying, releasing a lot of heat in the process.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":27,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["that","'s","surrounded","by","the","outer","core","made","up","of","liquid","metals","that","are","very",",","very","slowly","solidifying",",","releasing","a","lot","of","heat","in","the","process","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"While the hot core of every planet will cool off eventually, this process takes billions of years \u2013 enough time for life to come into existence and thrive.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":153,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":28,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["While","the","hot","core","of","every","planet","will","cool","off","eventually",",","this","process","takes","billions","of","years","\u2013","enough","time","for","life","to","come","into","existence","and","thrive","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"the gas would not freeze and could trap enough of the heat trying to escape the planet to enable oceans that extend all the way to the surface.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":27,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["the","gas","would","not","freeze","and","could","trap","enough","of","the","heat","trying","to","escape","the","planet","to","enable","oceans","that","extend","all","the","way","to","the","surface","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And there's another possible way to stay warm \u2013 moons.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","there","'s","another","possible","way","to","stay","warm","\u2013","moons","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"If a rogue planet brings a moon or more along with them, a large enough moon could inject additional energy into the system via tidal forces.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":83,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":20,"token_start":19},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":108,"token_end":23,"token_start":21},{"end":139,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":26,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["If","a","rogue","planet","brings","a","moon","or","more","along","with","them",",","a","large","enough","moon","could","inject","additional","energy","into","the","system","via","tidal","forces","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"These forces stretch and squeeze the planet a little bit every day, like kneading dough, keeping it warm.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["These","forces","stretch","and","squeeze","the","planet","a","little","bit","every","day",",","like","kneading","dough",",","keeping","it","warm","."],"tags":[1,2,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But the most likely scenario for a rogue-bearing life is one with subglacial oceans under a kilometer-thick layer of mostly water ice.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":10,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","the","most","likely","scenario","for","a","rogue","-","bearing","life","is","one","with","subglacial","oceans","under","a","kilometer","-","thick","layer","of","mostly","water","ice","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"These are not completely absurd, since we already have a few of them in the solar system.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["These","are","not","completely","absurd",",","since","we","already","have","a","few","of","them","in","the","solar","system","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So how could life sustain itself at the bottom of a completely dark, cold ocean?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","how","could","life","sustain","itself","at","the","bottom","of","a","completely","dark",",","cold","ocean","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"On Earth, deep down in our oceans in complete darkness, in volcanically active areas, there are hydrothermal vents called black smokers.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":15,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":95,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":135,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":96,"token_end":23,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["On","Earth",",","deep","down","in","our","oceans","in","complete","darkness",",","in","volcanically","active","areas",",","there","are","hydrothermal","vents","called","black","smokers","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"They spew out a cloud of black material and hot water, providing a constant flow of minerals from Earth's mantle.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":21,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["They","spew","out","a","cloud","of","black","material","and","hot","water",",","providing","a","constant","flow","of","minerals","from","Earth","'s","mantle","."],"tags":[1,19,35,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Bacteria feed on the minerals and produce organic materials, which attracts crustaceans, bivalves, snails, fish, octopus, and tube worms up to 2 meters long.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":156,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Bacteria","feed","on","the","minerals","and","produce","organic","materials",",","which","attracts","crustaceans",",","bivalves",",","snails",",","fish",",","octopus",",","and","tube","worms","up","to","2","meters","long","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Not only are hydrothermal vents home to an incredibly diverse group of living beings,","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Not","only","are","hydrothermal","vents","home","to","an","incredibly","diverse","group","of","living","beings",","],"tags":[0,0,21,1,2,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"In the dark ocean of a rogue planet, similar vents or volcanic activity could be the starting point and basis for complex ecosystems we can only imagine right now.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":79,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","the","dark","ocean","of","a","rogue","planet",",","similar","vents","or","volcanic","activity","could","be","the","starting","point","and","basis","for","complex","ecosystems","we","can","only","imagine","right","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"One upside an ecosystem in a rogue planet ocean has is that the environment is extremely stable.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":94,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["One","upside","an","ecosystem","in","a","rogue","planet","ocean","has","is","that","the","environment","is","extremely","stable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It's not impossible that intelligent life could emerge in such an environment.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","impossible","that","intelligent","life","could","emerge","in","such","an","environment","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"After a period of fighting and dying, macrophages alert the brain of the immune system, the dendritic cells.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":107,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["After","a","period","of","fighting","and","dying",",","macrophages","alert","the","brain","of","the","immune","system",",","the","dendritic","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"The immune system remembers the virus forever.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","remembers","the","virus","forever","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,13,0]}
+{"text":"Measles is no joke.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Measles","is","no","joke","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"You don't strengthen your immune system, and it's not more natural.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["You","do","n't","strengthen","your","immune","system",",","and","it","'s","not","more","natural","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Most people who don't vaccinate only want the best for their children, which is honorable.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Most","people","who","do","n't","vaccinate","only","want","the","best","for","their","children",",","which","is","honorable","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The sad answer is yes.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","sad","answer","is","yes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Let's not play the blame game, though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Let","'s","not","play","the","blame","game",",","though","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"Let's work together and eradicate this virus.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","work","together","and","eradicate","this","virus","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Over the last decade, milk has become a bit controversial.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Over","the","last","decade",",","milk","has","become","a","bit","controversial","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Milk is the basis of every mammal's diet after birth, when our digestive systems are immature and small.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Milk","is","the","basis","of","every","mammal","'s","diet","after","birth",",","when","our","digestive","systems","are","immature","and","small","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This adaptation has to do with a specialized enzyme \u2013 lactase.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","adaptation","has","to","do","with","a","specialized","enzyme","\u2013","lactase","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Babies have a lot of it in their system, so they can break down the milk sugar lactose and digest milk easily.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Babies","have","a","lot","of","it","in","their","system",",","so","they","can","break","down","the","milk","sugar","lactose","and","digest","milk","easily","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This lactose intolerance is not spread evenly around the world, though.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","lactose","intolerance","is","not","spread","evenly","around","the","world",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,29,13,13,14,14,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"In some East Asian communities, for example, it's up to 90%.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["In","some","East","Asian","communities",",","for","example",",","it","'s","up","to","90","%","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"The trait was first introduced by random mutation, which happened independently of each other in a few populations.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","trait","was","first","introduced","by","random","mutation",",","which","happened","independently","of","each","other","in","a","few","populations","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"People who were able to digest lactose had more foods at hand, which was an advantage.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["People","who","were","able","to","digest","lactose","had","more","foods","at","hand",",","which","was","an","advantage","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The migration of dairy farmers to the North then spread it further, which probably pushed back populations there that didn't have the trait.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","migration","of","dairy","farmers","to","the","North","then","spread","it","further",",","which","probably","pushed","back","populations","there","that","did","n't","have","the","trait","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, but if milk has been a valuable part of our diet for thousands of years, why is it so controversial?","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":16,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":85,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":105,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Okay",",","but","if","milk","has","been","a","valuable","part","of","our","diet","for","thousands","of","years",",","why","is","it","so","controversial","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,21,1,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"There are a number of claims regarding the negative and positive health effects of milk.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","a","number","of","claims","regarding","the","negative","and","positive","health","effects","of","milk","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The negative ones cover a wide variety, from brittle bones to cancer and cardiovascular diseases to intolerance and allergies.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","negative","ones","cover","a","wide","variety",",","from","brittle","bones","to","cancer","and","cardiovascular","diseases","to","intolerance","and","allergies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So how do they hold up?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So","how","do","they","hold","up","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,31,32,0]}
+{"text":"Some older studies found a connection between milk and a high risk of breast, colon and prostate cancer.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":18,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Some","older","studies","found","a","connection","between","milk","and","a","high","risk","of","breast",",","colon","and","prostate","cancer","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But meta-analyses found no impact on your cancer risk.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","meta","-","analyses","found","no","impact","on","your","cancer","risk","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"On the contrary, the calcium in milk might even have a protective effect against colon cancer.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":16,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["On","the","contrary",",","the","calcium","in","milk","might","even","have","a","protective","effect","against","colon","cancer","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Only studies on prostate cancer showed an increased risk for people who consumed more than 1.25 litres of milk a day.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":115,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Only","studies","on","prostate","cancer","showed","an","increased","risk","for","people","who","consumed","more","than","1.25","litres","of","milk","a","day","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But again, the association is inconsistent and other studies don't find any effect.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","again",",","the","association","is","inconsistent","and","other","studies","do","n't","find","any","effect","."],"tags":[0,13,0,1,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We discuss these studies in more detail in our sources document.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","discuss","these","studies","in","more","detail","in","our","sources","document","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"All in all, the research seems to show that if you drink between 100 to 250 ml of milk per day, cancer is not a concern.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":27,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","in","all",",","the","research","seems","to","show","that","if","you","drink","between","100","to","250","ml","of","milk","per","day",",","cancer","is","not","a","concern","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"although the evidence is not strong enough to claim this with confidence.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["although","the","evidence","is","not","strong","enough","to","claim","this","with","confidence","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The case gets more complicated though when we look at bones.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","case","gets","more","complicated","though","when","we","look","at","bones","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,13,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A number of studies found neither positive nor negative effects for adults.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","number","of","studies","found","neither","positive","nor","negative","effects","for","adults","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"What most people worry most about though are harmful amounts of pesticides, antibiotics or hormones.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":98,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["What","most","people","worry","most","about","though","are","harmful","amounts","of","pesticides",",","antibiotics","or","hormones","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"For pesticides and antibiotics, there are regulations in most parts of the world that only allow completely harmless amounts.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":124,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","pesticides","and","antibiotics",",","there","are","regulations","in","most","parts","of","the","world","that","only","allow","completely","harmless","amounts","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Milk that surpasses these thresholds is not allowed to go on the shelf, so there's nothing in particular to worry about.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":22,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Milk","that","surpasses","these","thresholds","is","not","allowed","to","go","on","the","shelf",",","so","there","'s","nothing","in","particular","to","worry","about","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,29,33,34,34,34,34,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"the best known negative effects of milk are probably acne and general discomfort after drinking milk or eating dairy products.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":124,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":19,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["the","best","known","negative","effects","of","milk","are","probably","acne","and","general","discomfort","after","drinking","milk","or","eating","dairy","products","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"For example, skimmed milk has been found to statistically increase the rate of acne by 24%.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":90,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","example",",","skimmed","milk","has","been","found","to","statistically","increase","the","rate","of","acne","by","24","%","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Allergies against milk products are especially prevalent among children, with 1 in 18 kids in Germany suffering from them.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":120,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Allergies","against","milk","products","are","especially","prevalent","among","children",",","with","1","in","18","kids","in","Germany","suffering","from","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Okay, is milk healthy then?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Okay",",","is","milk","healthy","then","?"],"tags":[0,0,21,1,11,13,0]}
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+{"text":"For those living in the developed world, in general, milk is not harmful if you are not allergic or intolerant to it.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["For","those","living","in","the","developed","world",",","in","general",",","milk","is","not","harmful","if","you","are","not","allergic","or","intolerant","to","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,0,1,21,37,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This does not mean there are not other alternatives with the same effect.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","does","not","mean","there","are","not","other","alternatives","with","the","same","effect","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Milk is power food, and the additional calories from drinking a lot of it on a regular basis can contribute to being overweight.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Milk","is","power","food",",","and","the","additional","calories","from","drinking","a","lot","of","it","on","a","regular","basis","can","contribute","to","being","overweight","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Especially flavoured milk or chocolate milk is more comparable to beverages like lemonade than a healthy snack.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Especially","flavoured","milk","or","chocolate","milk","is","more","comparable","to","beverages","like","lemonade","than","a","healthy","snack","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Cows are impregnated over and over, separated from their young shortly after birth, and slaughtered once their tortured bodies are not productive anymore.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":36,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":88,"token_end":24,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Cows","are","impregnated","over","and","over",",","separated","from","their","young","shortly","after","birth",",","and","slaughtered","once","their","tortured","bodies","are","not","productive","anymore","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We can't ignore that much of the milk we consume stems from an industry that is basically torture and contributes to climate change.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","ignore","that","much","of","the","milk","we","consume","stems","from","an","industry","that","is","basically","torture","and","contributes","to","climate","change","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The others need to be artificially enriched to reach similar levels of vitamins and calcium.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","others","need","to","be","artificially","enriched","to","reach","similar","levels","of","vitamins","and","calcium","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"And another option might be available soon.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","another","option","might","be","available","soon","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,21,11,13,0]}
+{"text":"Several startups have created non-animal milk that is nutritionally identical to dairy milk, for example through fermentation by gene-modified bacteria.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Several","startups","have","created","non","-","animal","milk","that","is","nutritionally","identical","to","dairy","milk",",","for","example","through","fermentation","by","gene","-","modified","bacteria","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"because they lack casein and whey protein, the key ingredients that give dairy its taste and structure.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["because","they","lack","casein","and","whey","protein",",","the","key","ingredients","that","give","dairy","its","taste","and","structure","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The environmental impact is a different story, though.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","environmental","impact","is","a","different","story",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0,13,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to have the lowest possible negative impact on the planet, the best choice is whatever milk alternative is regional.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":85,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","have","the","lowest","possible","negative","impact","on","the","planet",",","the","best","choice","is","whatever","milk","alternative","is","regional","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"As with almost any topic, milk is complicated.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","with","almost","any","topic",",","milk","is","complicated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"We need to decide as a society how we want to deal with these facts.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","need","to","decide","as","a","society","how","we","want","to","deal","with","these","facts","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Neutron stars are one of the most extreme and violent things in the universe.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutron","stars","are","one","of","the","most","extreme","and","violent","things","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And they owe their existence to the death of something majestic.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","they","owe","their","existence","to","the","death","of","something","majestic","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The mass of millions of billions of trillions of tons of hot plasma are being pulled inwards by gravity and squeeze material together with so much force that nuclei fuse.","spans":[{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":17},{"end":169,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":29,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["The","mass","of","millions","of","billions","of","trillions","of","tons","of","hot","plasma","are","being","pulled","inwards","by","gravity","and","squeeze","material","together","with","so","much","force","that","nuclei","fuse","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Hydrogen fuses into helium.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Hydrogen","fuses","into","helium","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Carbon burns to neon in centuries, neon to oxygen in a year, oxygen to silicon in months, and silicon to iron in a day.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Carbon","burns","to","neon","in","centuries",",","neon","to","oxygen","in","a","year",",","oxygen","to","silicon","in","months",",","and","silicon","to","iron","in","a","day","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"The fusion suddenly stops and the balance ends.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","fusion","suddenly","stops","and","the","balance","ends","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,0,41,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"What happens now is awesome and scary.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","happens","now","is","awesome","and","scary","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Particles like electrons and protons really don't want to be near each other.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":50,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Particles","like","electrons","and","protons","really","do","n't","want","to","be","near","each","other","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But the pressure of the collapsing star is so great that electrons and protons fuse into neutrons which then get squeezed together as tightly as in atomic nuclei.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":161,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":27,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","the","pressure","of","the","collapsing","star","is","so","great","that","electrons","and","protons","fuse","into","neutrons","which","then","get","squeezed","together","as","tightly","as","in","atomic","nuclei","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"An iron ball the size of the Earth is squeezed into a ball of pure nuclear matter the size of a city.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["An","iron","ball","the","size","of","the","Earth","is","squeezed","into","a","ball","of","pure","nuclear","matter","the","size","of","a","city","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But not just the core, the whole star implodes, gravity pulling the outer layers in at 25% the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","not","just","the","core",",","the","whole","star","implodes",",","gravity","pulling","the","outer","layers","in","at","25","%","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,2,25,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"This implosion bounces off the iron core, producing a shockwave that explodes outwards and catapults the rest of the star into space.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":22,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","implosion","bounces","off","the","iron","core",",","producing","a","shockwave","that","explodes","outwards","and","catapults","the","rest","of","the","star","into","space","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This is what we call a supernova explosion and it will outshine entire galaxies.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["This","is","what","we","call","a","supernova","explosion","and","it","will","outshine","entire","galaxies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Its mass is around a million times the mass of the Earth but compressed to an object about 25 kilometers wide.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Its","mass","is","around","a","million","times","the","mass","of","the","Earth","but","compressed","to","an","object","about","25","kilometers","wide","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It's so dense that the mass of all living humans would fit into one cubic centimeter of neutron star matter.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":20,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","so","dense","that","the","mass","of","all","living","humans","would","fit","into","one","cubic","centimeter","of","neutron","star","matter","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"That's roughly a billion tons in a space the size of a sugar cube.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","roughly","a","billion","tons","in","a","space","the","size","of","a","sugar","cube","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Put another way, that's Mount Everest in a cup of coffee.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Put","another","way",",","that","'s","Mount","Everest","in","a","cup","of","coffee","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Protons and neutrons rearrange, making long cylinders or sheets, enormous nuclei with millions of protons and neutrons shaped like spaghetti and lasagna, which physicists call nucleopasta.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":186,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":28,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Protons","and","neutrons","rearrange",",","making","long","cylinders","or","sheets",",","enormous","nuclei","with","millions","of","protons","and","neutrons","shaped","like","spaghetti","and","lasagna",",","which","physicists","call","nucleopasta","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Lumps of pasta inside a neutron star can even make mountains, at most a few centimeters high, but many times as massive as the Himalayas.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":136,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Lumps","of","pasta","inside","a","neutron","star","can","even","make","mountains",",","at","most","a","few","centimeters","high",",","but","many","times","as","massive","as","the","Himalayas","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"No one knows for sure, and that's why we do science.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["No","one","knows","for","sure",",","and","that","'s","why","we","do","science","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Neutron stars are celestial ballerinas spinning many times per second.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Neutron","stars","are","celestial","ballerinas","spinning","many","times","per","second","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"and they can crash into and kill each other in a kilonova explosion that spews out a lot of their guts.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["and","they","can","crash","into","and","kill","each","other","in","a","kilonova","explosion","that","spews","out","a","lot","of","their","guts","."],"tags":[0,1,15,31,32,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Only very recently, we've learned that this is probably the origin of most of the heavy elements in the universe,","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Only","very","recently",",","we","'ve","learned","that","this","is","probably","the","origin","of","most","of","the","heavy","elements","in","the","universe",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The 12,020 Human Space Era calendar has arrived.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","12,020","Human","Space","Era","calendar","has","arrived","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
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+{"text":"Shipping from the US and from Europe for the first time, but we deliver to every country all over the world.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":71,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Shipping","from","the","US","and","from","Europe","for","the","first","time",",","but","we","deliver","to","every","country","all","over","the","world","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Getting stuff from our shop is one of the best ways to support Kurzgesagt.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":72,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Getting","stuff","from","our","shop","is","one","of","the","best","ways","to","support","Kurzgesagt","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Because of you, we can keep this channel free for everyone and make more beautiful things.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Because","of","you",",","we","can","keep","this","channel","free","for","everyone","and","make","more","beautiful","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,33,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Have you ever been in an argument about nuclear power?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Have","you","ever","been","in","an","argument","about","nuclear","power","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We have, and we found it frustrating and confusing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","have",",","and","we","found","it","frustrating","and","confusing","."],"tags":[1,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So let's try and get to grips with this topic.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":45,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","try","and","get","to","grips","with","this","topic","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"It all started in the 1940s.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","all","started","in","the","1940s","."],"tags":[1,39,23,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Everyone's imagination was running wild.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Everyone","'s","imagination","was","running","wild","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,27,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Just a few years later, there was a sort of atomic age hangover.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Just","a","few","years","later",",","there","was","a","sort","of","atomic","age","hangover","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"But there were many people who didn't just want to abandon the promise of the atomic age.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","were","many","people","who","did","n't","just","want","to","abandon","the","promise","of","the","atomic","age","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"and in some cases, a secret desire to possess atomic weapons, provided a strong motivation to keep going.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":19,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["and","in","some","cases",",","a","secret","desire","to","possess","atomic","weapons",",","provided","a","strong","motivation","to","keep","going","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Nuclear power's finest hour finally came in the early 1970s, when war in the Middle East caused oil prices to skyrocket worldwide.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nuclear","power","'s","finest","hour","finally","came","in","the","early","1970s",",","when","war","in","the","Middle","East","caused","oil","prices","to","skyrocket","worldwide","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Now, commercial interest and investment picked up at a dazzling pace.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Now",",","commercial","interest","and","investment","picked","up","at","a","dazzling","pace","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"More than half of all the nuclear reactors in the world were built between 1970 and 1985.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["More","than","half","of","all","the","nuclear","reactors","in","the","world","were","built","between","1970","and","1985","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A surprising underdog candidate won the day, the light water reactor.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","surprising","underdog","candidate","won","the","day",",","the","light","water","reactor","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"It wasn't very innovative, and it wasn't too popular with scientists, but it had some decisive advantages.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":13,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":74,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["It","was","n't","very","innovative",",","and","it","was","n't","too","popular","with","scientists",",","but","it","had","some","decisive","advantages","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It was there, it worked, and it wasn't terribly expensive.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","was","there",",","it","worked",",","and","it","was","n't","terribly","expensive","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, what does a light water reactor do?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","what","does","a","light","water","reactor","do","?"],"tags":[0,0,5,15,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the basic principle is shockingly simple.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","basic","principle","is","shockingly","simple","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"It heats up water using an artificial chain reaction.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","heats","up","water","using","an","artificial","chain","reaction","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Nuclear fission releases several million times more energy than any chemical reaction could.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nuclear","fission","releases","several","million","times","more","energy","than","any","chemical","reaction","could","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Really heavy elements on the brink of stability, like uranium-235, get bombarded with neutrons.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":67,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Really","heavy","elements","on","the","brink","of","stability",",","like","uranium-235",",","get","bombarded","with","neutrons","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"The neutron is absorbed, but the result is unstable.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","neutron","is","absorbed",",","but","the","result","is","unstable","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Most of the time, it immediately splits into fast-moving lighter elements, some additional free neutrons, and energy in the form of radiation.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":140,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Most","of","the","time",",","it","immediately","splits","into","fast","-","moving","lighter","elements",",","some","additional","free","neutrons",",","and","energy","in","the","form","of","radiation","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The radiation heats the surrounding water, while the neutrons repeat the process with other atoms, releasing more neutrons and radiation in a closely controlled chain reaction.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":174,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":27,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","radiation","heats","the","surrounding","water",",","while","the","neutrons","repeat","the","process","with","other","atoms",",","releasing","more","neutrons","and","radiation","in","a","closely","controlled","chain","reaction","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In our light water reactor, a moderator is needed to control the neutron's energy.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","our","light","water","reactor",",","a","moderator","is","needed","to","control","the","neutron","'s","energy","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Simple, ordinary water does the job, which is very practical, since water is used to drive the turbines anyway.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":109,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Simple",",","ordinary","water","does","the","job",",","which","is","very","practical",",","since","water","is","used","to","drive","the","turbines","anyway","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The light water reactor became prevalent because it's simple and cheap.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","light","water","reactor","became","prevalent","because","it","'s","simple","and","cheap","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"However, it's neither the safest, most efficient, nor technically elegant nuclear reactor.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["However",",","it","'s","neither","the","safest",",","most","efficient",",","nor","technically","elegant","nuclear","reactor","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The renewed nuclear hype lasted barely a decade, though.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","renewed","nuclear","hype","lasted","barely","a","decade",",","though","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"In 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in Pennsylvania barely escaped a catastrophe when its core melted.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","1979",",","the","Three","Mile","Island","nuclear","plant","in","Pennsylvania","barely","escaped","a","catastrophe","when","its","core","melted","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In 1986, the Chernobyl catastrophe directly threatened Central Europe with a radioactive cloud,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","1986",",","the","Chernobyl","catastrophe","directly","threatened","Central","Europe","with","a","radioactive","cloud",","],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,13,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"and in 2011, the drawn-out Fukushima disaster sparked new discussions and concerns.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["and","in","2011",",","the","drawn","-","out","Fukushima","disaster","sparked","new","discussions","and","concerns","."],"tags":[0,13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"While in the 1980s, 218 new nuclear power reactors went live, their number and nuclear's global share of electricity production has stagnated since the end of the 80s.","spans":[{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":126,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":13},{"end":130,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":128,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":140,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":132,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":165,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":30,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["While","in","the","1980s",",","218","new","nuclear","power","reactors","went","live",",","their","number","and","nuclear","'s","global","share","of","electricity","production","has","stagnated","since","the","end","of","the","80s","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So what's the situation today?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","what","'s","the","situation","today","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Most nuclear reactors were built more than 25 years ago with pretty old technology.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Most","nuclear","reactors","were","built","more","than","25","years","ago","with","pretty","old","technology","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Today, many countries are faced with a choice.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Today",",","many","countries","are","faced","with","a","choice","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So, should we use nuclear energy?","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","should","we","use","nuclear","energy","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"The pro and contra arguments will be presented here next week.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","pro","and","contra","arguments","will","be","presented","here","next","week","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,13,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Subscribe and then you won't miss it.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Subscribe","and","then","you","wo","n't","miss","it","."],"tags":[0,0,13,1,15,37,19,5,0]}
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+{"text":"We learned that the twinkling lights are not shining beautifully for us, they just are.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","learned","that","the","twinkling","lights","are","not","shining","beautifully","for","us",",","they","just","are","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"We learned that we're made of many little dead things, which make up bigger things that are not dead for some reason.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":116,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","learned","that","we","'re","made","of","many","little","dead","things",",","which","make","up","bigger","things","that","are","not","dead","for","some","reason","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And that we're just another temporary stage in a history going back over a billion years.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":88,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","that","we","'re","just","another","temporary","stage","in","a","history","going","back","over","a","billion","years","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"And this group is only one of thousands that together make up a galaxy supercluster.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":14,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","this","group","is","only","one","of","thousands","that","together","make","up","a","galaxy","supercluster","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But even our supercluster is only one in thousands that make up what we call the observable universe.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","even","our","supercluster","is","only","one","in","thousands","that","make","up","what","we","call","the","observable","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The universe might be a million times bigger, but we will never know.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","universe","might","be","a","million","times","bigger",",","but","we","will","never","know","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We could throw words around like 200 billion galaxies, or trillions of stars, or bazillions of planets, but all of these numbers mean nothing.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":5},{"end":141,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":108,"token_end":26,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["We","could","throw","words","around","like","200","billion","galaxies",",","or","trillions","of","stars",",","or","bazillions","of","planets",",","but","all","of","these","numbers","mean","nothing","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,35,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Our brains can't comprehend these concepts.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Our","brains","ca","n't","comprehend","these","concepts","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"It's time. Or more precisely, the time we have.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","time",".","Or","more","precisely",",","the","time","we","have","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"If you're lucky enough to live to 100, you have 5,200 weeks at your disposal.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","lucky","enough","to","live","to","100",",","you","have","5,200","weeks","at","your","disposal","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If you're 25 now, then you have 3,900 weeks left.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","25","now",",","then","you","have","3,900","weeks","left","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,19,5,6,33,0]}
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+{"text":"Your biological processes will break down, and the dynamic pattern that is you will stop being dynamic.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Your","biological","processes","will","break","down",",","and","the","dynamic","pattern","that","is","you","will","stop","being","dynamic","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,31,32,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It will dissolve until there is no you left.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","will","dissolve","until","there","is","no","you","left","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Some believe that there is a part of us we can't see or measure, but we have no way to find out.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":14,"token_start":2},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Some","believe","that","there","is","a","part","of","us","we","ca","n't","see","or","measure",",","but","we","have","no","way","to","find","out","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, this life might be it, and we might end up dead forever.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":59,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","this","life","might","be","it",",","and","we","might","end","up","dead","forever","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,15,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"This is less scary than it sounds, though.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["This","is","less","scary","than","it","sounds",",","though","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"then the trillions and trillions and trillions of years that come after will pass in no time once you're gone.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":77,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["then","the","trillions","and","trillions","and","trillions","of","years","that","come","after","will","pass","in","no","time","once","you","'re","gone","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Close your eyes.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Close","your","eyes","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"That's how long forever feels.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","how","long","forever","feels","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"And as far as we know, in the end, the universe itself will die, and nothing will ever change again.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["And","as","far","as","we","know",",","in","the","end",",","the","universe","itself","will","die",",","and","nothing","will","ever","change","again","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Our videos induce existential dread in many people, and the last few minutes probably haven't helped.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Our","videos","induce","existential","dread","in","many","people",",","and","the","last","few","minutes","probably","have","n't","helped","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, for once, we want to offer a different way of looking at these things.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","for","once",",","we","want","to","offer","a","different","way","of","looking","at","these","things","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Please take it with a grain of salt, we don't know any more about human existence than you do.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":45,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":17,"token_start":13},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Please","take","it","with","a","grain","of","salt",",","we","do","n't","know","any","more","about","human","existence","than","you","do","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We counter existential dread with optimistic nihilism.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","counter","existential","dread","with","optimistic","nihilism","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"What do we mean by that?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["What","do","we","mean","by","that","?"],"tags":[5,15,1,19,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Well, to summarize, it seems very unlikely that 200 trillion trillion stars have been made for us.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":97,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Well",",","to","summarize",",","it","seems","very","unlikely","that","200","trillion","trillion","stars","have","been","made","for","us","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,0,3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"In a way, it feels like the cruelest joke in existence has been played on us.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":76,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","a","way",",","it","feels","like","the","cruelest","joke","in","existence","has","been","played","on","us","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We became self-aware, only to realize this story is not about us.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","became","self","-","aware",",","only","to","realize","this","story","is","not","about","us","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"While some projections expect around 2.6 billion people, others reckon with up to 5 billion by 2100.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":17,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["While","some","projections","expect","around","2.6","billion","people",",","others","reckon","with","up","to","5","billion","by","2100","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Such growth would be a huge challenge for any society.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Such","growth","would","be","a","huge","challenge","for","any","society","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But Sub-Saharan Africa is also the poorest region on Earth.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","Sub","-","Saharan","Africa","is","also","the","poorest","region","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So, is Sub-Saharan Africa doomed?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So",",","is","Sub","-","Saharan","Africa","doomed","?"],"tags":[0,0,15,1,2,2,2,29,0]}
+{"text":"And why do the projections vary by 2.4 billion people?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","why","do","the","projections","vary","by","2.4","billion","people","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"As always, it's complicated.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["As","always",",","it","'s","complicated","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Sub-Saharan Africa is a made-up idea, and in many ways an unhelpful one.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Sub","-","Saharan","Africa","is","a","made","-","up","idea",",","and","in","many","ways","an","unhelpful","one","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Botswana is as far away from Sierra Leone as Ireland is from Kazakhstan, and they have about as much in common.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":12,"token_start":2},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Botswana","is","as","far","away","from","Sierra","Leone","as","Ireland","is","from","Kazakhstan",",","and","they","have","about","as","much","in","common","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But without generalizing a little bit, this video would be an hour long.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","without","generalizing","a","little","bit",",","this","video","would","be","an","hour","long","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We've also talked to many different scientists for this video, and they disagreed on a lot of things.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":67,"token_end":19,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","talked","to","many","different","scientists","for","this","video",",","and","they","disagreed","on","a","lot","of","things","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We've done our best to summarize our research and what they told us, but take it with a grain of salt, and check out our sources where we discuss this in more detail.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":16},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":107,"token_end":35,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["We","'ve","done","our","best","to","summarize","our","research","and","what","they","told","us",",","but","take","it","with","a","grain","of","salt",",","and","check","out","our","sources","where","we","discuss","this","in","more","detail","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Okay, let's zoom out to the global perspective again.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Okay",",","let","'s","zoom","out","to","the","global","perspective","again","."],"tags":[0,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"A few decades ago, many countries in Asia were at a similar point to Sub-Saharan Africa today.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":46,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":87,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":93,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["A","few","decades","ago",",","many","countries","in","Asia","were","at","a","similar","point","to","Sub","-","Saharan","Africa","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,0]}
+{"text":"Large parts of the population were living in extreme poverty, and birth rates were very high.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Large","parts","of","the","population","were","living","in","extreme","poverty",",","and","birth","rates","were","very","high","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,27,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Take Bangladesh.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","Bangladesh","."],"tags":[19,5,0]}
+{"text":"In the 1960s, the average woman had seven children in her lifetime.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","1960s",",","the","average","woman","had","seven","children","in","her","lifetime","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"25% of them died before they turned five, and of the ones that survived, only one in five would learn to read and write.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":119,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":46,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["25","%","of","them","died","before","they","turned","five",",","and","of","the","ones","that","survived",",","only","one","in","five","would","learn","to","read","and","write","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Life expectancy was around 45, and per capita income was among the lowest in the world.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":35,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Life","expectancy","was","around","45",",","and","per","capita","income","was","among","the","lowest","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, beginning in the 1960s, Bangladesh started a family planning program, based on three main pillars.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":101,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So",",","beginning","in","the","1960s",",","Bangladesh","started","a","family","planning","program",",","based","on","three","main","pillars","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"One, education helped to change women's outlook.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["One",",","education","helped","to","change","women","'s","outlook","."],"tags":[0,0,1,23,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Women with a higher education tend to want fewer kids and become mothers later in life.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Women","with","a","higher","education","tend","to","want","fewer","kids","and","become","mothers","later","in","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Two, better health care lowered child mortality, leading to parents wanting fewer children because they could expect them to survive.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":132,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Two",",","better","health","care","lowered","child","mortality",",","leading","to","parents","wanting","fewer","children","because","they","could","expect","them","to","survive","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Three, field workers brought contraceptives even to the remotest areas, which drove contraceptive use from 8% in 1975 to 76% in 2019.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Three",",","field","workers","brought","contraceptives","even","to","the","remotest","areas",",","which","drove","contraceptive","use","from","8","%","in","1975","to","76","%","in","2019","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,23,5,13,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Together, these measures greatly slowed down population growth.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Together",",","these","measures","greatly","slowed","down","population","growth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,13,31,32,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The government was able to shift some of their resources from lowering child mortality to boosting the economy.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":110,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","government","was","able","to","shift","some","of","their","resources","from","lowering","child","mortality","to","boosting","the","economy","."],"tags":[1,2,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"By 2024, Bangladesh is expected to graduate from the category of least developed countries to the status of a developing economy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["By","2024",",","Bangladesh","is","expected","to","graduate","from","the","category","of","least","developed","countries","to","the","status","of","a","developing","economy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Other Asian countries like South Korea, India, Thailand or the Philippines have gone through a similar process, often even faster.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":92,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":110,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":18,"token_start":16},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Other","Asian","countries","like","South","Korea",",","India",",","Thailand","or","the","Philippines","have","gone","through","a","similar","process",",","often","even","faster","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,31,32,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Why didn't the same thing happen everywhere in sub-Saharan Africa?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Why","did","n't","the","same","thing","happen","everywhere","in","sub","-","Saharan","Africa","?"],"tags":[13,15,37,1,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"And while in total contraceptive use has doubled in the region since 1990, the unmet need for modern contraception among adolescents is still at about 60%.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":132,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":21,"token_start":14},{"end":135,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":133,"token_end":22,"token_start":22},{"end":141,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":136,"token_end":23,"token_start":23},{"end":154,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":142,"token_end":27,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["And","while","in","total","contraceptive","use","has","doubled","in","the","region","since","1990",",","the","unmet","need","for","modern","contraception","among","adolescents","is","still","at","about","60","%","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The reasons for this are complicated and it's impossible to give a single answer here.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":41,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","reasons","for","this","are","complicated","and","it","'s","impossible","to","give","a","single","answer","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Africa is a big place with diverse cultures and people, but there are a few main factors.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Africa","is","a","big","place","with","diverse","cultures","and","people",",","but","there","are","a","few","main","factors","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"The young nations were often ethnically heterogeneous and lacked unity.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":70,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","young","nations","were","often","ethnically","heterogeneous","and","lacked","unity","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,13,11,12,0,41,42,0]}
+{"text":"Some areas have been repeatedly wracked by civil wars, military conflicts or suffered under unstable governments,","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":112,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Some","areas","have","been","repeatedly","wracked","by","civil","wars",",","military","conflicts","or","suffered","under","unstable","governments",","],"tags":[1,2,15,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So Africa had a worse starting point than Asia.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":36,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","Africa","had","a","worse","starting","point","than","Asia","."],"tags":[0,1,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Foreign aid and how it was applied, especially during the Cold War, is also a contentious issue.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":12,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":95,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Foreign","aid","and","how","it","was","applied",",","especially","during","the","Cold","War",",","is","also","a","contentious","issue","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,21,13,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But this topic is too complex to summarize in a few sentences, so we'll make a whole video about it in the future.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","this","topic","is","too","complex","to","summarize","in","a","few","sentences",",","so","we","'ll","make","a","whole","video","about","it","in","the","future","."],"tags":[0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And lastly, there are cultural aspects that make talking about family planning in the context of Africa difficult.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":113,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","lastly",",","there","are","cultural","aspects","that","make","talking","about","family","planning","in","the","context","of","Africa","difficult","."],"tags":[0,13,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Critics say that trying to bring fertility down is an intrusion into culture and tradition.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Critics","say","that","trying","to","bring","fertility","down","is","an","intrusion","into","culture","and","tradition","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But not speaking about an issue will not help solve it.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","not","speaking","about","an","issue","will","not","help","solve","it","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,33,34,0]}
+{"text":"Not all of these things apply to every country in the region.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Not","all","of","these","things","apply","to","every","country","in","the","region","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We're talking about 46 countries after all, some of them deeply troubled, others already flourishing, all different and facing unique problems.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'re","talking","about","46","countries","after","all",",","some","of","them","deeply","troubled",",","others","already","flourishing",",","all","different","and","facing","unique","problems","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,14,14,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Okay, so what can be done?","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Okay",",","so","what","can","be","done","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,1,15,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"Surprisingly, small changes could have an extreme impact.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Surprisingly",",","small","changes","could","have","an","extreme","impact","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If education and family planning are made available to every African woman, universal access to contraception makes having kids a decision.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":115,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":110,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":138,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":21,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","education","and","family","planning","are","made","available","to","every","African","woman",",","universal","access","to","contraception","makes","having","kids","a","decision","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,25,5,6,33,34,0]}
+{"text":"If families get to choose how many kids they want, birth projections fall by 30% to 2.8 billion people.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":14},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":20,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","families","get","to","choose","how","many","kids","they","want",",","birth","projections","fall","by","30","%","to","2.8","billion","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This isn't just theory, there are already examples that are reason for optimism.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","is","n't","just","theory",",","there","are","already","examples","that","are","reason","for","optimism","."],"tags":[1,21,37,13,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Ethiopia, the African country with the second biggest population, has made a lot of progress in a relatively short amount of time.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":93,"token_end":23,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Ethiopia",",","the","African","country","with","the","second","biggest","population",",","has","made","a","lot","of","progress","in","a","relatively","short","amount","of","time","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Improving health services led to a drop in child mortality from 20% to 7% since 1990.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Improving","health","services","led","to","a","drop","in","child","mortality","from","20","%","to","7","%","since","1990","."],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And up to 30% of the annual budget was invested in education and the number of schools increased 25-fold over two decades.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":121,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["And","up","to","30","%","of","the","annual","budget","was","invested","in","education","and","the","number","of","schools","increased","25","-","fold","over","two","decades","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, summarizing, there are serious challenges ahead, but they are far from unsolvable.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So",",","summarizing",",","there","are","serious","challenges","ahead",",","but","they","are","far","from","unsolvable","."],"tags":[0,0,13,0,3,21,1,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Sub-Saharan Africa does not need pity or gifts, but attention and fair investment.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Sub","-","Saharan","Africa","does","not","need","pity","or","gifts",",","but","attention","and","fair","investment","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It's a region rich in resources, culture and potential.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","region","rich","in","resources",",","culture","and","potential","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If things go right, we'll see a turnaround similar to the one we've seen across most of Asia in the last 30 years.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":112,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":25,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","things","go","right",",","we","'ll","see","a","turnaround","similar","to","the","one","we","'ve","seen","across","most","of","Asia","in","the","last","30","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Never before in history have there been so many people on Earth as right now.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Never","before","in","history","have","there","been","so","many","people","on","Earth","as","right","now","."],"tags":[37,13,13,14,15,3,21,1,2,2,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Our numbers have skyrocketed from 1 billion in 1800 to 2.3 billion in 1940, 3.7 billion in 1970 and 7.4 billion in 2016.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":23,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Our","numbers","have","skyrocketed","from","1","billion","in","1800","to","2.3","billion","in","1940",",","3.7","billion","in","1970","and","7.4","billion","in","2016","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The world population increased fourfold in the last century, so what can we expect for the next century?","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","world","population","increased","fourfold","in","the","last","century",",","so","what","can","we","expect","for","the","next","century","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And what does population growth mean for our future?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","what","does","population","growth","mean","for","our","future","?"],"tags":[0,5,15,1,2,19,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Will there be mass migration, overcrowded slums in megacities covering continents, diseases and pollution, chaos and violence over energy, water and food,","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":153,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Will","there","be","mass","migration",",","overcrowded","slums","in","megacities","covering","continents",",","diseases","and","pollution",",","chaos","and","violence","over","energy",",","water","and","food",","],"tags":[15,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"and a human species focused only on sustaining itself?","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["and","a","human","species","focused","only","on","sustaining","itself","?"],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Will population growth destroy our way of life, or is this prophecy just ungrounded panic?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Will","population","growth","destroy","our","way","of","life",",","or","is","this","prophecy","just","ungrounded","panic","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In the 1960s, population growth reached an unprecedented rate, which led to apocalyptic prophecies.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["In","the","1960s",",","population","growth","reached","an","unprecedented","rate",",","which","led","to","apocalyptic","prophecies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The poor would procreate endlessly and overrun the developed world.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":66,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","poor","would","procreate","endlessly","and","overrun","the","developed","world","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The legend of overpopulation was born.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","legend","of","overpopulation","was","born","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"But it turns out high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features of some cultures or countries,","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":119,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","high","birth","rates","and","the","population","explosion","are","not","permanent","features","of","some","cultures","or","countries",","],"tags":[0,3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Most developed countries have already made the transition, while other countries are doing it right now.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Most","developed","countries","have","already","made","the","transition",",","while","other","countries","are","doing","it","right","now","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","to","the","18th","century",",","when","the","entire","world",",","including","Europe",",","was","in","the","first","stage","of","the","demographic","transition","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"By today's standards, Europe was worse off than a developing region, suffering from poor sanitation, poor diets and poor medicine.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["By","today","'s","standards",",","Europe","was","worse","off","than","a","developing","region",",","suffering","from","poor","sanitation",",","poor","diets","and","poor","medicine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A lot of people were born, but lots of them died just as fast, so the population hardly grew.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":20,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["A","lot","of","people","were","born",",","but","lots","of","them","died","just","as","fast",",","so","the","population","hardly","grew","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,29,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"More and more countries went through the four stages.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["More","and","more","countries","went","through","the","four","stages","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"But if birth rates have dropped so much, why is the population still growing so fast?","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["But","if","birth","rates","have","dropped","so","much",",","why","is","the","population","still","growing","so","fast","?"],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,2,13,27,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the children born in the population explosion of the 70s and 80s are having kids themselves now, leading to a noticeable spike in overall population.","spans":[{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":13,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":101,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":154,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":27,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","children","born","in","the","population","explosion","of","the","70s","and","80s","are","having","kids","themselves","now",",","leading","to","a","noticeable","spike","in","overall","population","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,13,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Countries who used to be in need will help advance development instead.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Countries","who","used","to","be","in","need","will","help","advance","development","instead","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,19,33,34,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Make sure to check it out.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Make","sure","to","check","it","out","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Thank you so much, and we'll be back in the year 12,017.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much",",","and","we","'ll","be","back","in","the","year","12,017","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Many animals starve with stomachs full of indigestible trash.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Many","animals","starve","with","stomachs","full","of","indigestible","trash","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In 2018, a dead sperm whale washed up in Spain.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","2018",",","a","dead","sperm","whale","washed","up","in","Spain","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"He had eaten 32 kilos of plastic bags, nets and a drum.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["He","had","eaten","32","kilos","of","plastic","bags",",","nets","and","a","drum","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"While this is tragic and makes for great magazine covers, there's an even more widespread, invisible form of plastic.","spans":[{"end":56,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":116,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":66,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["While","this","is","tragic","and","makes","for","great","magazine","covers",",","there","'s","an","even","more","widespread",",","invisible","form","of","plastic","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Microplastics are pieces smaller than 5 millimeters.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Microplastics","are","pieces","smaller","than","5","millimeters","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Some of them are used in cosmetics or toothpaste, but most result from floating waste that is constantly exposed to UV radiation and crumbles into smaller and smaller pieces.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":173,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":29,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Some","of","them","are","used","in","cosmetics","or","toothpaste",",","but","most","result","from","floating","waste","that","is","constantly","exposed","to","UV","radiation","and","crumbles","into","smaller","and","smaller","pieces","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"51 trillion such particles float in the ocean, where they are even more easily swallowed by all kinds of marine life.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["51","trillion","such","particles","float","in","the","ocean",",","where","they","are","even","more","easily","swallowed","by","all","kinds","of","marine","life","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This has raised concerns among scientists, especially about health risks from the chemicals that are added to plastic.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","has","raised","concerns","among","scientists",",","especially","about","health","risks","from","the","chemicals","that","are","added","to","plastic","."],"tags":[1,15,29,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"DEHP makes plastics more flexible, but may cause cancer.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["DEHP","makes","plastics","more","flexible",",","but","may","cause","cancer","."],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,0,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It would be pretty bad if microplastics are toxic because they travel up the food chain.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","would","be","pretty","bad","if","microplastics","are","toxic","because","they","travel","up","the","food","chain","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Zooplankton eat microplastic.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Zooplankton","eat","microplastic","."],"tags":[1,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"Small fish eat zooplankton.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Small","fish","eat","zooplankton","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"And they all land on our plate.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","they","all","land","on","our","plate","."],"tags":[0,1,39,19,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Microplastics have been found in honey, in sea salt, in beer, in tap water and in the household dust around us.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Microplastics","have","been","found","in","honey",",","in","sea","salt",",","in","beer",",","in","tap","water","and","in","the","household","dust","around","us","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"8 out of 10 babies and nearly all adults have measurable amounts of phthalates, a common plastic additive, in their bodies.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":107,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["8","out","of","10","babies","and","nearly","all","adults","have","measurable","amounts","of","phthalates",",","a","common","plastic","additive",",","in","their","bodies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And 93% of people have BPA in their urine.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","93","%","of","people","have","BPA","in","their","urine","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,19,5,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There is little science about this so far, and right now it's inconclusive.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":47,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["There","is","little","science","about","this","so","far",",","and","right","now","it","'s","inconclusive","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We need a lot more research before panic is justified.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","need","a","lot","more","research","before","panic","is","justified","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But it is safe to say that a lot of stuff happened that we didn't plan for.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","is","safe","to","say","that","a","lot","of","stuff","happened","that","we","did","n't","plan","for","."],"tags":[0,3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"And we have lost control over plastic to a certain extent, which is kind of scary.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","we","have","lost","control","over","plastic","to","a","certain","extent",",","which","is","kind","of","scary","."],"tags":[0,1,15,29,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, it's a bit more complicated than that.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","it","'s","a","bit","more","complicated","than","that","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Plastic pollution is not the only environmental challenge we face.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Plastic","pollution","is","not","the","only","environmental","challenge","we","face","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Everything has an impact somehow, and it's hard to find the right balance between them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Everything","has","an","impact","somehow",",","and","it","'s","hard","to","find","the","right","balance","between","them","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Plastic also helps solve problems that we don't have very good answers for at the moment.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Plastic","also","helps","solve","problems","that","we","do","n't","have","very","good","answers","for","at","the","moment","."],"tags":[1,13,25,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"And the best way of preventing food from spoiling and avoiding unnecessary waste is still plastic packaging.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":83,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":81,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","the","best","way","of","preventing","food","from","spoiling","and","avoiding","unnecessary","waste","is","still","plastic","packaging","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"It's also important to note where the vast majority of the world's plastic pollution is coming from right now.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":20,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","'s","also","important","to","note","where","the","vast","majority","of","the","world","'s","plastic","pollution","is","coming","from","right","now","."],"tags":[3,21,13,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"90% of all plastic waste entering the ocean through rivers comes from just 10 rivers in Asia and Africa.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":19,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["90","%","of","all","plastic","waste","entering","the","ocean","through","rivers","comes","from","just","10","rivers","in","Asia","and","Africa","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The Yangtze in China alone flushes 1.5 million tons of plastic into the ocean each year.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":11},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","Yangtze","in","China","alone","flushes","1.5","million","tons","of","plastic","into","the","ocean","each","year","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Countries like China, India, Algeria or Indonesia industrialized at an impressive pace in the last few decades, transforming the lives of billions of people.","spans":[{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":10},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":155,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":112,"token_end":26,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Countries","like","China",",","India",",","Algeria","or","Indonesia","industrialized","at","an","impressive","pace","in","the","last","few","decades",",","transforming","the","lives","of","billions","of","people","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This development was so fast that the garbage disposal infrastructure couldn't keep up with collecting and recycling all the new waste this broad.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":23,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","development","was","so","fast","that","the","garbage","disposal","infrastructure","could","n't","keep","up","with","collecting","and","recycling","all","the","new","waste","this","broad","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If politicians in Europe and the US want to address this issue, investing in infrastructure in developing countries is just as important as fighting plastic pollution at home with campaigns and redesigning products to minimize unnecessary plastic production.","spans":[{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":114,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":117,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":116,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":256,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":119,"token_end":38,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","politicians","in","Europe","and","the","US","want","to","address","this","issue",",","investing","in","infrastructure","in","developing","countries","is","just","as","important","as","fighting","plastic","pollution","at","home","with","campaigns","and","redesigning","products","to","minimize","unnecessary","plastic","production","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The bottom line is, as long as we don't address plastic pollution from a global perspective, we will not solve it.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":23,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","bottom","line","is",",","as","long","as","we","do","n't","address","plastic","pollution","from","a","global","perspective",",","we","will","not","solve","it","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Plastic pollution is a complicated problem.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Plastic","pollution","is","a","complicated","problem","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We found a magic material and we had a really good time with it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","found","a","magic","material","and","we","had","a","really","good","time","with","it","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But we need to be careful, or just like Midas, we'll end up in a world that we didn't wish for.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":94,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","we","need","to","be","careful",",","or","just","like","Midas",",","we","'ll","end","up","in","a","world","that","we","did","n't","wish","for","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Your individual daily actions still have a huge impact.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Your","individual","daily","actions","still","have","a","huge","impact","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"What you do matters.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","you","do","matters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,0]}
+{"text":"Refuse disposable plastics.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Refuse","disposable","plastics","."],"tags":[19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Convince your friends and family to do the same.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Convince","your","friends","and","family","to","do","the","same","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Pressure companies and politicians to take the necessary steps to keep our oceans clean and our food safe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":105,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Pressure","companies","and","politicians","to","take","the","necessary","steps","to","keep","our","oceans","clean","and","our","food","safe","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Together we can beat plastic pollution.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Together","we","can","beat","plastic","pollution","."],"tags":[13,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"This video was a collaboration with UN Environment and their Clean Seas campaign.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","was","a","collaboration","with","UN","Environment","and","their","Clean","Seas","campaign","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If you want to take action to turn the tide on plastics, go to cleanseas.org and make your pledge.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","take","action","to","turn","the","tide","on","plastics",",","go","to","cleanseas.org","and","make","your","pledge","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,13,14,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"For most of our history, human technology consisted of our brains, fire, and sharp sticks.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":88,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["For","most","of","our","history",",","human","technology","consisted","of","our","brains",",","fire",",","and","sharp","sticks","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"While fire and sharp sticks became power plants and nuclear weapons, the biggest upgrade has happened to our brains.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":100,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["While","fire","and","sharp","sticks","became","power","plants","and","nuclear","weapons",",","the","biggest","upgrade","has","happened","to","our","brains","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Since the 1960s, the power of our brain machines has kept growing exponentially, allowing computers to get smaller and more powerful at the same time.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":149,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":26,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Since","the","1960s",",","the","power","of","our","brain","machines","has","kept","growing","exponentially",",","allowing","computers","to","get","smaller","and","more","powerful","at","the","same","time","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"To understand why this is a problem, we have to clear up some basics.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["To","understand","why","this","is","a","problem",",","we","have","to","clear","up","some","basics","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,31,32,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"But by cleverly exploiting superposition and entanglement, this can be exponentially more efficient than would ever be possible on a normal computer.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":70,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":148,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","by","cleverly","exploiting","superposition","and","entanglement",",","this","can","be","exponentially","more","efficient","than","would","ever","be","possible","on","a","normal","computer","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Quantum algorithms need only the square root of that time, which for large databases is a huge difference.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Quantum","algorithms","need","only","the","square","root","of","that","time",",","which","for","large","databases","is","a","huge","difference","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The most famous use of quantum computers is ruining IT security.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","most","famous","use","of","quantum","computers","is","ruining","IT","security","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,27,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Right now, your browsing, email, and banking data is being kept secure by an encryption system in which you give everyone a public key to encode messages only you can decode.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":173,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":33,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","your","browsing",",","email",",","and","banking","data","is","being","kept","secure","by","an","encryption","system","in","which","you","give","everyone","a","public","key","to","encode","messages","only","you","can","decode","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This video is supported by the Australian Academy of Science, which promotes and supports excellence in science.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","is","supported","by","the","Australian","Academy","of","Science",",","which","promotes","and","supports","excellence","in","science","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Learn more about this topic and others like it at nova.org.au","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Learn","more","about","this","topic","and","others","like","it","at","nova.org.au"],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14]}
+{"text":"It was a blast to work with them, so go check out their site.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","was","a","blast","to","work","with","them",",","so","go","check","out","their","site","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Terrorism is very scary, especially when it happens close to home and not in some faraway place.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Terrorism","is","very","scary",",","especially","when","it","happens","close","to","home","and","not","in","some","faraway","place","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Nobody likes to be afraid, and we were eager to make the fear go away, so we demanded more security.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Nobody","likes","to","be","afraid",",","and","we","were","eager","to","make","the","fear","go","away",",","so","we","demanded","more","security","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"In the aftermath of 9-11, the US government concluded that the law had not kept pace with technology.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":44,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["In","the","aftermath","of","9","-","11",",","the","US","government","concluded","that","the","law","had","not","kept","pace","with","technology","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It created the Terrorist Surveillance Program, initially to intercept communications linked to Al-Qaeda.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","created","the","Terrorist","Surveillance","Program",",","initially","to","intercept","communications","linked","to","Al","-","Qaeda","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Despite high hopes, the NSA surveillance program has not stopped any major terror attack.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Despite","high","hopes",",","the","NSA","surveillance","program","has","not","stopped","any","major","terror","attack","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,37,29,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"For instance, one of the Boston Marathon bombers was already a target of the FBI.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["For","instance",",","one","of","the","Boston","Marathon","bombers","was","already","a","target","of","the","FBI","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So what we need is not even more random data, but better ways to understand and use the information we have.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So","what","we","need","is","not","even","more","random","data",",","but","better","ways","to","understand","and","use","the","information","we","have","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Spy agencies are also pushing to cripple encryption.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Spy","agencies","are","also","pushing","to","cripple","encryption","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,27,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In early 2016, the FBI asked Apple to produce a backdoor program to disable the encryption of a terrorist's iPhone.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":114,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":21,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","early","2016",",","the","FBI","asked","Apple","to","produce","a","backdoor","program","to","disable","the","encryption","of","a","terrorist","'s","iPhone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"A few weeks later, the FBI revealed that they had hacked the phone themselves, basically admitting that they lied to the public about the need for a backdoor.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":157,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":29,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["A","few","weeks","later",",","the","FBI","revealed","that","they","had","hacked","the","phone","themselves",",","basically","admitting","that","they","lied","to","the","public","about","the","need","for","a","backdoor","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Concerns about this are often met with the argument, if you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to fear.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":21,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Concerns","about","this","are","often","met","with","the","argument",",","if","you","have","nothing","to","hide",",","you","have","nothing","to","fear","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But this reasoning only creates a climate of oppression.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":55,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","this","reasoning","only","creates","a","climate","of","oppression","."],"tags":[0,1,2,13,25,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Wanting to keep certain parts of your life private doesn't mean you're doing anything wrong.","spans":[{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":58,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":91,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Wanting","to","keep","certain","parts","of","your","life","private","does","n't","mean","you","'re","doing","anything","wrong","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Right now, we live in a democracy.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Right","now",",","we","live","in","a","democracy","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But imagine the damage the wrong person could do with all our data and such easy access to our devices.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["But","imagine","the","damage","the","wrong","person","could","do","with","all","our","data","and","such","easy","access","to","our","devices","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If you give law enforcement powerful tools, they will use them.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","give","law","enforcement","powerful","tools",",","they","will","use","them","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"That's why democratic oversight is so important.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","why","democratic","oversight","is","so","important","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Even if those tools and laws aren't used against you today, they might be tomorrow.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":73,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":71,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":82,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":74,"token_end":16,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Even","if","those","tools","and","laws","are","n't","used","against","you","today",",","they","might","be","tomorrow","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"France expanded its already extensive anti-terrorism laws by giving law enforcement greater powers to conduct house raids and place people under house arrest.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":156,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":24,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["France","expanded","its","already","extensive","anti","-","terrorism","laws","by","giving","law","enforcement","greater","powers","to","conduct","house","raids","and","place","people","under","house","arrest","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Within weeks, evidence emerged that these powers were being used for unintended purposes such as quashing climate change protests.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Within","weeks",",","evidence","emerged","that","these","powers","were","being","used","for","unintended","purposes","such","as","quashing","climate","change","protests","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The governments of Spain, Hungary and Poland have introduced more restrictive laws on the freedom of assembly and speech.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":59,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":119,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","governments","of","Spain",",","Hungary","and","Poland","have","introduced","more","restrictive","laws","on","the","freedom","of","assembly","and","speech","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"None of this is effectively helping us fight terrorism.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["None","of","this","is","effectively","helping","us","fight","terrorism","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,13,27,5,33,34,0]}
+{"text":"The motivation behind this might be good, even noble, but if we let our elected governments limit our personal freedom, the terrorists are winning.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":146,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","motivation","behind","this","might","be","good",",","even","noble",",","but","if","we","let","our","elected","governments","limit","our","personal","freedom",",","the","terrorists","are","winning","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Gratitude can mean very different things to different people in different contexts.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Gratitude","can","mean","very","different","things","to","different","people","in","different","contexts","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"So early forms of gratitude were biological mechanisms that modified your behavior towards cooperation which helped humans to dominate Earth.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":140,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","early","forms","of","gratitude","were","biological","mechanisms","that","modified","your","behavior","towards","cooperation","which","helped","humans","to","dominate","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Scientists found that gratitude stimulates the pathways in your brain involved in feelings of reward, forming social bonds and interpreting others' intentions.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":158,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Scientists","found","that","gratitude","stimulates","the","pathways","in","your","brain","involved","in","feelings","of","reward",",","forming","social","bonds","and","interpreting","others","'","intentions","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Objectively, your life is the same or maybe even slightly worse than before, but your brain compares your present experiences with the times when life was bad and reacts with gratitude.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":75,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":184,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":32,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Objectively",",","your","life","is","the","same","or","maybe","even","slightly","worse","than","before",",","but","your","brain","compares","your","present","experiences","with","the","times","when","life","was","bad","and","reacts","with","gratitude","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So in a nutshell, gratitude refocuses your attention towards the good things you have.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["So","in","a","nutshell",",","gratitude","refocuses","your","attention","towards","the","good","things","you","have","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And the consequences of this shift are better feelings and more positive experiences.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":84,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","the","consequences","of","this","shift","are","better","feelings","and","more","positive","experiences","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"While it is great to know these things, is there actually a way for you to feel more of it?","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":90,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":20,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["While","it","is","great","to","know","these","things",",","is","there","actually","a","way","for","you","to","feel","more","of","it","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,21,3,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"The ability to experience more or less gratitude is not equally distributed.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","ability","to","experience","more","or","less","gratitude","is","not","equally","distributed","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,29,0]}
+{"text":"You have what's known as trait gratitude, that determines how much you are able to feel it.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","have","what","'s","known","as","trait","gratitude",",","that","determines","how","much","you","are","able","to","feel","it","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"It depends on your genetics, personality and culture.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","depends","on","your","genetics",",","personality","and","culture","."],"tags":[1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This discovery made scientists wonder if they could design exercises that change your trait gratitude and lead to more happiness.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":128,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","discovery","made","scientists","wonder","if","they","could","design","exercises","that","change","your","trait","gratitude","and","lead","to","more","happiness","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Let's start with important caveats.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","start","with","important","caveats","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"It's not yet entirely clear to what degree gratitude can be trained or how long the effects last.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","yet","entirely","clear","to","what","degree","gratitude","can","be","trained","or","how","long","the","effects","last","."],"tags":[3,21,37,13,11,12,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"There are no magic pills for happiness.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","no","magic","pills","for","happiness","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Life is complicated.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Life","is","complicated","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"On some days it feels like you're in control of yourself and on others you feel like you're not.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":20,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["On","some","days","it","feels","like","you","'re","in","control","of","yourself","and","on","others","you","feel","like","you","'re","not","."],"tags":[13,14,14,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And this is okay.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","okay","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
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+{"text":"Gratitude should also not be seen as a solution to depression or a substitute for professional help.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":16,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Gratitude","should","also","not","be","seen","as","a","solution","to","depression","or","a","substitute","for","professional","help","."],"tags":[1,15,13,37,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"It can only be a piece of the puzzle.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["It","can","only","be","a","piece","of","the","puzzle","."],"tags":[1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It's not the solution to the puzzle itself.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":7,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","the","solution","to","the","puzzle","itself","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The easiest gratitude exercise with the most solid research behind it is gratitude journaling.","spans":[{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":71,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":92,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":13,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","easiest","gratitude","exercise","with","the","most","solid","research","behind","it","is","gratitude","journaling","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"It means sitting down for a few minutes, one to three times a week and writing down five to ten things you're grateful for.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":25,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","means","sitting","down","for","a","few","minutes",",","one","to","three","times","a","week","and","writing","down","five","to","ten","things","you","'re","grateful","for","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"It might feel weird at first, so start simply.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","might","feel","weird","at","first",",","so","start","simply","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,13,14,0,0,41,42,0]}
+{"text":"Can you feel grateful for a little thing, like how great coffee is or that someone was kind to you?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":97,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","feel","grateful","for","a","little","thing",",","like","how","great","coffee","is","or","that","someone","was","kind","to","you","?"],"tags":[15,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Can you appreciate something someone else did for you?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Can","you","appreciate","something","someone","else","did","for","you","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Can you reflect on which things or people you would miss if they were gone and be grateful that they're in your life?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":14,"token_start":3},{"end":116,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":23,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Can","you","reflect","on","which","things","or","people","you","would","miss","if","they","were","gone","and","be","grateful","that","they","'re","in","your","life","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We're all different, so you'll know what works for you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'re","all","different",",","so","you","'ll","know","what","works","for","you","."],"tags":[1,21,39,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And that's it really.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["And","that","'s","it","really","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,13,0]}
+{"text":"It feels almost insulting, like things shouldn't be that simple.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":11,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","feels","almost","insulting",",","like","things","should","n't","be","that","simple","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This research shows that your emotions are not fixed.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","research","shows","that","your","emotions","are","not","fixed","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"If you attack your core beliefs about yourself and your life, you can change your thoughts and feelings, which automatically changes your behavior.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["If","you","attack","your","core","beliefs","about","yourself","and","your","life",",","you","can","change","your","thoughts","and","feelings",",","which","automatically","changes","your","behavior","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Being a human is hard, but it doesn't need to be as hard.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Being","a","human","is","hard",",","but","it","does","n't","need","to","be","as","hard","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And if you actively look, you might find that your life is much better than you thought.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","if","you","actively","look",",","you","might","find","that","your","life","is","much","better","than","you","thought","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"If you're curious and want to try out gratitude, we made a thing.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","you","'re","curious","and","want","to","try","out","gratitude",",","we","made","a","thing","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Please note that you don't need to buy anything from anyone to practice gratitude.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":81,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Please","note","that","you","do","n't","need","to","buy","anything","from","anyone","to","practice","gratitude","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"All you need is paper, a pen, and five minutes.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","you","need","is","paper",",","a","pen",",","and","five","minutes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Having said that, we've made a Kurzgesagt gratitude journal based on studies we've read,","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Having","said","that",",","we","'ve","made","a","Kurzgesagt","gratitude","journal","based","on","studies","we","'ve","read",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"There are short explanations and reflections to mix it up and make it more interesting.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":86,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","short","explanations","and","reflections","to","mix","it","up","and","make","it","more","interesting","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"We've also made it as pretty as we could.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["We","'ve","also","made","it","as","pretty","as","we","could","."],"tags":[1,15,13,29,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"This video continues the unofficial series of more personal, introspective videos from optimistic nihilism to loneliness and now gratitude.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":137,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","video","continues","the","unofficial","series","of","more","personal",",","introspective","videos","from","optimistic","nihilism","to","loneliness","and","now","gratitude","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We don't want to be a self-help channel, so we'll keep this sort of video at roughly one per year.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":97,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":24,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","want","to","be","a","self","-","help","channel",",","so","we","'ll","keep","this","sort","of","video","at","roughly","one","per","year","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We hope they're helpful to some of you.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","hope","they","'re","helpful","to","some","of","you","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"As much as we all wish there were an easy and affordable way to see our planet floating in the dark, right now the only way is to become an astronaut or a billionaire.","spans":[{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":20,"token_start":0},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":101,"token_end":23,"token_start":22},{"end":123,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":26,"token_start":24},{"end":126,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":124,"token_end":27,"token_start":27},{"end":166,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":127,"token_end":34,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["As","much","as","we","all","wish","there","were","an","easy","and","affordable","way","to","see","our","planet","floating","in","the","dark",",","right","now","the","only","way","is","to","become","an","astronaut","or","a","billionaire","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"But there is a concept that might make it possible while serving as the starting point for the exploration of the universe, the space elevator.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":142,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","is","a","concept","that","might","make","it","possible","while","serving","as","the","starting","point","for","the","exploration","of","the","universe",",","the","space","elevator","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"So is it worth it?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","is","it","worth","it","?"],"tags":[0,21,1,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So what would a space elevator look like in real life?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","what","would","a","space","elevator","look","like","in","real","life","?"],"tags":[0,11,15,1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The elevator part of the space elevator is the tether and the climber.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","elevator","part","of","the","space","elevator","is","the","tether","and","the","climber","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"At the base would be an anchor, pinning the tether to the Earth, along with a port for climbers.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["At","the","base","would","be","an","anchor",",","pinning","the","tether","to","the","Earth",",","along","with","a","port","for","climbers","."],"tags":[11,12,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"At the top is the counterweight, which holds up the tether.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["At","the","top","is","the","counterweight",",","which","holds","up","the","tether","."],"tags":[11,12,12,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"At the counterweight could be a space station, a launching point for all missions from the spaceport elevator.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":18,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["At","the","counterweight","could","be","a","space","station",",","a","launching","point","for","all","missions","from","the","spaceport","elevator","."],"tags":[11,12,12,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"But can we actually build one?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","can","we","actually","build","one","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,13,19,5,0]}
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+{"text":"How do we power the climber?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["How","do","we","power","the","climber","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Do we need a nuclear reactor on our elevator carriage?","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Do","we","need","a","nuclear","reactor","on","our","elevator","carriage","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Or do we beam it power from the ground with a super-powered laser?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Or","do","we","beam","it","power","from","the","ground","with","a","super","-","powered","laser","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,19,9,7,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And where do we get the raw materials for a 36,000 kilometer long tether?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","where","do","we","get","the","raw","materials","for","a","36,000","kilometer","long","tether","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Do we make it on Earth and launch it into space, or do we make it in space and lower it down to the Earth?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":47,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":27,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":105,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":52,"token_end":25,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Do","we","make","it","on","Earth","and","launch","it","into","space",",","or","do","we","make","it","in","space","and","lower","it","down","to","the","Earth","?"],"tags":[15,1,19,5,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Could asteroid mining be the answer?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Could","asteroid","mining","be","the","answer","?"],"tags":[15,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"For these reasons, some experts have proposed first building a space elevator on the Moon.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["For","these","reasons",",","some","experts","have","proposed","first","building","a","space","elevator","on","the","Moon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"By looking at a particle, we change it.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["By","looking","at","a","particle",",","we","change","it","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,0]}
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+{"text":"This fact is so important that it has a name.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","fact","is","so","important","that","it","has","a","name","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"All of the standard model of particle physics is built on it, and it predicts lots of things very well.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":48,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["All","of","the","standard","model","of","particle","physics","is","built","on","it",",","and","it","predicts","lots","of","things","very","well","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"So while particles are not really points, by treating them as if they were, we get a pretty good picture of the universe.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":82,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":120,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","while","particles","are","not","really","points",",","by","treating","them","as","if","they","were",",","we","get","a","pretty","good","picture","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Not only did this idea advance science, it also led to a lot of real-world technology we use every day.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":51,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Not","only","did","this","idea","advance","science",",","it","also","led","to","a","lot","of","real","-","world","technology","we","use","every","day","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But there's a huge problem, gravity.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","a","huge","problem",",","gravity","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"In quantum mechanics, all physical forces are carried by certain particles.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":73,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","quantum","mechanics",",","all","physical","forces","are","carried","by","certain","particles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But according to Einstein's general relativity, gravity is not a force like the others in the universe.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["But","according","to","Einstein","'s","general","relativity",",","gravity","is","not","a","force","like","the","others","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If the universe is a play, particles are the actors, but gravity is the stage.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":57,"token_end":16,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","the","universe","is","a","play",",","particles","are","the","actors",",","but","gravity","is","the","stage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"To put it simply, gravity is a theory of geometry, the geometry of space-time itself, of distances which we need to describe with absolute precision.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":147,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","put","it","simply",",","gravity","is","a","theory","of","geometry",",","the","geometry","of","space","-","time","itself",",","of","distances","which","we","need","to","describe","with","absolute","precision","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But since there is no way to precisely measure things in the quantum world, our story of gravity doesn't work with our story of quantum physics.","spans":[{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":13,"token_start":1},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":76,"token_end":18,"token_start":15},{"end":101,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":104,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":109,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":105,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":143,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":110,"token_end":27,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["But","since","there","is","no","way","to","precisely","measure","things","in","the","quantum","world",",","our","story","of","gravity","does","n't","work","with","our","story","of","quantum","physics","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"When physicists tried to add gravity to the story by inventing a new particle, their mathematics broke down.","spans":[{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":96,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":107,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["When","physicists","tried","to","add","gravity","to","the","story","by","inventing","a","new","particle",",","their","mathematics","broke","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,0]}
+{"text":"And this is a big problem.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","this","is","a","big","problem","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If we could marry gravity to quantum physics and the standard model, we would have the theory of everything.","spans":[{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":70,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":78,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":19,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["If","we","could","marry","gravity","to","quantum","physics","and","the","standard","model",",","we","would","have","the","theory","of","everything","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So very smart people came up with a new story.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","very","smart","people","came","up","with","a","new","story","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"They asked, what is more complex than a point, a line, or a string?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["They","asked",",","what","is","more","complex","than","a","point",",","a","line",",","or","a","string","?"],"tags":[1,23,0,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"String theory was born.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["String","theory","was","born","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"What makes string theory so elegant is that it describes many different elementary particles as different modes of vibration of the string.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","makes","string","theory","so","elegant","is","that","it","describes","many","different","elementary","particles","as","different","modes","of","vibration","of","the","string","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Just like a violin string vibrating differently can give you a lot of different notes, a string can give you different particles.","spans":[{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":94,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":96,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":107,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":127,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":22,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Just","like","a","violin","string","vibrating","differently","can","give","you","a","lot","of","different","notes",",","a","string","can","give","you","different","particles","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,19,9,7,8,0]}
+{"text":"Most importantly, this includes gravity.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Most","importantly",",","this","includes","gravity","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,25,5,0]}
+{"text":"String theory promised to unify all fundamental forces of the universe.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":70,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["String","theory","promised","to","unify","all","fundamental","forces","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This caused enormous excitement and hype.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","caused","enormous","excitement","and","hype","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"String theory quickly graduated to a possible theory of everything.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":9,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["String","theory","quickly","graduated","to","a","possible","theory","of","everything","."],"tags":[1,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, string theory comes with a lot of strings attached.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","string","theory","comes","with","a","lot","of","strings","attached","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Much of the maths involving a consistent string theory does not work in our universe with its three spatial and one temporal dimensions.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":64,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":134,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":22,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Much","of","the","maths","involving","a","consistent","string","theory","does","not","work","in","our","universe","with","its","three","spatial","and","one","temporal","dimensions","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"String theory requires ten dimensions to work out.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["String","theory","requires","ten","dimensions","to","work","out","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,6,33,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"If we can't do those, why should we bother with strings?","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":12,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","we","ca","n't","do","those",",","why","should","we","bother","with","strings","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,15,1,19,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Imagine that you want to build a cruise ship, but you only have blueprints for a small rowing boat.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":19,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Imagine","that","you","want","to","build","a","cruise","ship",",","but","you","only","have","blueprints","for","a","small","rowing","boat","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"This video was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and realized with the scientific advice of Alessandro Sfondrini.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":70,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["This","video","was","supported","by","the","Swiss","National","Science","Foundation","and","realized","with","the","scientific","advice","of","Alessandro","Sfondrini","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Is there a border we will never cross?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Is","there","a","border","we","will","never","cross","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Are there places we will never reach, no matter how hard we try?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":13,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","there","places","we","will","never","reach",",","no","matter","how","hard","we","try","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"How much universe is there for us and how far can we go?","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":55,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["How","much","universe","is","there","for","us","and","how","far","can","we","go","?"],"tags":[1,2,2,21,3,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If you look at the night sky, you might assume it will be there forever.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":15,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["If","you","look","at","the","night","sky",",","you","might","assume","it","will","be","there","forever","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Stars are born and die again in a cycle that feels endless.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Stars","are","born","and","die","again","in","a","cycle","that","feels","endless","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Take the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Take","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The formation of new stars will continue to slow down.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","formation","of","new","stars","will","continue","to","slow","down","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But there's more.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,0]}
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+{"text":"The Milky Way is not alone.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","is","not","alone","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,11,0]}
+{"text":"Together with the Andromeda galaxy and more than 50 dwarf galaxies, it forms the Local Group, a region of space about 10 million light years in diameter, our galactic neighborhood.","spans":[{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":69,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":71,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":178,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":32,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Together","with","the","Andromeda","galaxy","and","more","than","50","dwarf","galaxies",",","it","forms","the","Local","Group",",","a","region","of","space","about","10","million","light","years","in","diameter",",","our","galactic","neighborhood","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Hundreds of galaxy groups like the Local Group make up the Laniakea supercluster, which itself is only one of a myriad of superclusters.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":135,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Hundreds","of","galaxy","groups","like","the","Local","Group","make","up","the","Laniakea","supercluster",",","which","itself","is","only","one","of","a","myriad","of","superclusters","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"In total, there are around 2 trillion galaxies that make up the current observable universe.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":15,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","total",",","there","are","around","2","trillion","galaxies","that","make","up","the","current","observable","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, even if we could travel at light speed, around 94% of the galaxies we can see are already unreachable for us forever.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":91,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":19,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":93,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":24,"token_start":22},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":124,"token_end":25,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","even","if","we","could","travel","at","light","speed",",","around","94","%","of","the","galaxies","we","can","see","are","already","unreachable","for","us","forever","."],"tags":[13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,13,0]}
+{"text":"Let this number sink in for a moment.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Let","this","number","sink","in","for","a","moment","."],"tags":[19,5,6,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"The simple fact that there's a limit for us and that there is so much universe that a human will never be able to touch is kind of frightening.","spans":[{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":25,"token_start":0},{"end":121,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":120,"token_end":26,"token_start":26},{"end":141,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":123,"token_end":29,"token_start":27}],"tokens":["The","simple","fact","that","there","'s","a","limit","for","us","and","that","there","is","so","much","universe","that","a","human","will","never","be","able","to","touch","is","kind","of","frightening","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Why are all of these galaxies out of reach already?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Why","are","all","of","these","galaxies","out","of","reach","already","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,2,2,2,11,12,12,13,0]}
+{"text":"Well, it all has to do with why there are galaxies in the first place, the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","all","has","to","do","with","why","there","are","galaxies","in","the","first","place",",","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We're simplifying here, but in a nutshell, about 10 to the power of minus 36 seconds after the Big Bang, the young universe was a very small bubble of energy.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":157,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":33,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","'re","simplifying","here",",","but","in","a","nutshell",",","about","10","to","the","power","of","minus","36","seconds","after","the","Big","Bang",",","the","young","universe","was","a","very","small","bubble","of","energy","."],"tags":[1,15,27,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It wasn't completely uniform, though.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["It","was","n't","completely","uniform",",","though","."],"tags":[1,21,37,11,12,0,13,0]}
+{"text":"Some parts of it were a tiny, tiny bit denser than others, which had massive consequences.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Some","parts","of","it","were","a","tiny",",","tiny","bit","denser","than","others",",","which","had","massive","consequences","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"In a process called cosmic inflation, the observable universe expanded rapidly, from the size of a marble to trillions of kilometers in a trillionth of a second.","spans":[{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":28,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","a","process","called","cosmic","inflation",",","the","observable","universe","expanded","rapidly",",","from","the","size","of","a","marble","to","trillions","of","kilometers","in","a","trillionth","of","a","second","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"That was so fast that all those tiny differences in density were stretched from subatomic distances into galactic distances,","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":122,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","was","so","fast","that","all","those","tiny","differences","in","density","were","stretched","from","subatomic","distances","into","galactic","distances",","],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"After that short but powerful inflation ended, gravity began trying to pull everything back together.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":61,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["After","that","short","but","powerful","inflation","ended",",","gravity","began","trying","to","pull","everything","back","together","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Inside the denser pockets, gravity emerged victorious, and so over time, they grew into groups of galaxies like the one we live in today.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":136,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":59,"token_end":26,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Inside","the","denser","pockets",",","gravity","emerged","victorious",",","and","so","over","time",",","they","grew","into","groups","of","galaxies","like","the","one","we","live","in","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"But at larger scales outside the denser pockets, the expansion of space never stopped.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":71,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":77,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":78,"token_end":14,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","at","larger","scales","outside","the","denser","pockets",",","the","expansion","of","space","never","stopped","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,37,23,0]}
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+{"text":"Even worse for us, the expansion of the universe is accelerating.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Even","worse","for","us",",","the","expansion","of","the","universe","is","accelerating","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,27,0]}
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+{"text":"Every second light reaches us from trillions of galaxies that have passed the horizon because when their light was emitted, they were much closer to us.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":26,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Every","second","light","reaches","us","from","trillions","of","galaxies","that","have","passed","the","horizon","because","when","their","light","was","emitted",",","they","were","much","closer","to","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"As isolated as the local group is, it is our home.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["As","isolated","as","the","local","group","is",",","it","is","our","home","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"You might have noticed that we sorta already made this video a few years ago, but the original had a regrettable mistake.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":14,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["You","might","have","noticed","that","we","sorta","already","made","this","video","a","few","years","ago",",","but","the","original","had","a","regrettable","mistake","."],"tags":[1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In it, we said it would be physically impossible to ever leave the local group to reach other galaxy groups.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","it",",","we","said","it","would","be","physically","impossible","to","ever","leave","the","local","group","to","reach","other","galaxy","groups","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But our travel limit is actually much larger, as we showed in this video.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","our","travel","limit","is","actually","much","larger",",","as","we","showed","in","this","video","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,21,13,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It's not physically impossible to go further, but just extremely unlikely that it'll ever happen.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["It","'s","not","physically","impossible","to","go","further",",","but","just","extremely","unlikely","that","it","'ll","ever","happen","."],"tags":[3,21,37,11,12,1,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"So, why did we leave the video up?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":33,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So",",","why","did","we","leave","the","video","up","?"],"tags":[0,0,13,15,1,19,5,6,35,0]}
+{"text":"Well, it has to do with the nature of the mistake.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","has","to","do","with","the","nature","of","the","mistake","."],"tags":[0,0,1,17,18,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We talked to astrophysicists, and they thought it didn't matter.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":63,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","talked","to","astrophysicists",",","and","they","thought","it","did","n't","matter","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The parts they considered important were correct, and they thought we should just leave it and move on.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","parts","they","considered","important","were","correct",",","and","they","thought","we","should","just","leave","it","and","move","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So with that feedback, we decided to spare the video.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":52,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["So","with","that","feedback",",","we","decided","to","spare","the","video","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"We can't avoid making mistakes from time to time, but we can work hard on getting better, and this video kept bugging us.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":120,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["We","ca","n't","avoid","making","mistakes","from","time","to","time",",","but","we","can","work","hard","on","getting","better",",","and","this","video","kept","bugging","us","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"So, we finally decided to replace it, not just re-upload, but remake it better and longer, and add fun universe facts to make it worthwhile.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":139,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":30,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["So",",","we","finally","decided","to","replace","it",",","not","just","re","-","upload",",","but","remake","it","better","and","longer",",","and","add","fun","universe","facts","to","make","it","worthwhile","."],"tags":[0,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"We'll leave the old video up, but pin a comment and change the title.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["We","'ll","leave","the","old","video","up",",","but","pin","a","comment","and","change","the","title","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If you want to support us and our sometimes exhausting, but hopefully worthwhile methods, you can watch, share, and click the bell, and get something from our shop.","spans":[{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":93,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":110,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":105,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":130,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":116,"token_end":25,"token_start":23},{"end":163,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":136,"token_end":32,"token_start":28}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","us","and","our","sometimes","exhausting",",","but","hopefully","worthwhile","methods",",","you","can","watch",",","share",",","and","click","the","bell",",","and","get","something","from","our","shop","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,0,41,0,0,41,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Inspired by this video's topic, we created a Milky Way poster, and a local group poster, and we're working on a series about the entire universe.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":9},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":30,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Inspired","by","this","video","'s","topic",",","we","created","a","Milky","Way","poster",",","and","a","local","group","poster",",","and","we","'re","working","on","a","series","about","the","entire","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Visit our shop for more sciency and Kurzgesagt-y products, designed with love, and produced with care.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":100,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":19,"token_start":1}],"tokens":["Visit","our","shop","for","more","sciency","and","Kurzgesagt","-","y","products",",","designed","with","love",",","and","produced","with","care","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"In any case, thank you for watching.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","any","case",",","thank","you","for","watching","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,19,5,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Few of the monsters that evolution created have been so successful at hurting us as the Variola virus, responsible for smallpox.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":126,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":21,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Few","of","the","monsters","that","evolution","created","have","been","so","successful","at","hurting","us","as","the","Variola","virus",",","responsible","for","smallpox","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The carnage it caused was so terrible and merciless that it compelled humankind for the first time to act truly globally.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","carnage","it","caused","was","so","terrible","and","merciless","that","it","compelled","humankind","for","the","first","time","to","act","truly","globally","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It was one of the greatest wins of our species over the ancient powers of nature, all made possible by... cows.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":22,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","was","one","of","the","greatest","wins","of","our","species","over","the","ancient","powers","of","nature",",","all","made","possible","by","...","cows","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Evidence of it has been found in Egyptian mummies and in writing from India and China as old as 3000 years.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":105,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Evidence","of","it","has","been","found","in","Egyptian","mummies","and","in","writing","from","India","and","China","as","old","as","3000","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Every third person who went blind did so because of this virus.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Every","third","person","who","went","blind","did","so","because","of","this","virus","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,23,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Even in the 20th century, a hot second ago in history, it still killed at least 300 million people.","spans":[{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":64,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Even","in","the","20th","century",",","a","hot","second","ago","in","history",",","it","still","killed","at","least","300","million","people","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Smallpox is an abusive monster that returns over and over and over again, killing, maiming and disrupting societies.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":114,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":19,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Smallpox","is","an","abusive","monster","that","returns","over","and","over","and","over","again",",","killing",",","maiming","and","disrupting","societies","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"How could Variola be so incredibly deadly for so long and how could we have forgotten its horror so quickly?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":19,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["How","could","Variola","be","so","incredibly","deadly","for","so","long","and","how","could","we","have","forgotten","its","horror","so","quickly","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In 2023, there are only two laboratories left where the living virus is officially stored for research.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":17,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["In","2023",",","there","are","only","two","laboratories","left","where","the","living","virus","is","officially","stored","for","research","."],"tags":[13,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Which is certainly a good idea because what could possibly go wrong?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Which","is","certainly","a","good","idea","because","what","could","possibly","go","wrong","?"],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's say that through an unfortunate series of events, the virus got out and you got infected.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","say","that","through","an","unfortunate","series","of","events",",","the","virus","got","out","and","you","got","infected","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"What would happen to you?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","would","happen","to","you","?"],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"How smallpox kills?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["How","smallpox","kills","?"],"tags":[13,1,25,0]}
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+{"text":"Immediately, it begins to infect the cells that line your throat and starts killing them to cause chaos.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":11,"token_start":4},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Immediately",",","it","begins","to","infect","the","cells","that","line","your","throat","and","starts","killing","them","to","cause","chaos","."],"tags":[13,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Whenever cells in your body die a violent death, your immune cells immediately stream to the site of infection to help out.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":84,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":109,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":19,"token_start":15},{"end":121,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":111,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["Whenever","cells","in","your","body","die","a","violent","death",",","your","immune","cells","immediately","stream","to","the","site","of","infection","to","help","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In this case, that backfires horribly.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["In","this","case",",","that","backfires","horribly","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,13,0]}
+{"text":"As immune cells begin cleaning up dead cells, eating viruses and killing infected cells, Variola infects a crucial cell of your immune system, your dendritic cells.","spans":[{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":95,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":97,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":162,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":105,"token_end":28,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","immune","cells","begin","cleaning","up","dead","cells",",","eating","viruses","and","killing","infected","cells",",","Variola","infects","a","crucial","cell","of","your","immune","system",",","your","dendritic","cells","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"In these bases, your heavy defenses are activated and should be the last place an enemy would want to invade.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":108,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":20,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","these","bases",",","your","heavy","defenses","are","activated","and","should","be","the","last","place","an","enemy","would","want","to","invade","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"At some point, a critical threshold is reached and Variola starts its attack for real.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","a","critical","threshold","is","reached","and","Variola","starts","its","attack","for","real","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Millions of viruses use the lymphatic highway to spill into your blood and organs, infecting your whole body.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Millions","of","viruses","use","the","lymphatic","highway","to","spill","into","your","blood","and","organs",",","infecting","your","whole","body","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Variolation probably worked because it introduced variola in a part of the body the virus wasn't prepared for, disabling most of its nasty tricks.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":21,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":144,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":25,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Variolation","probably","worked","because","it","introduced","variola","in","a","part","of","the","body","the","virus","was","n't","prepared","for",",","disabling","most","of","its","nasty","tricks","."],"tags":[1,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And because the inoculation was left to dry out, that damaged the virus so it couldn't cause the full disease.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":71,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":75,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","because","the","inoculation","was","left","to","dry","out",",","that","damaged","the","virus","so","it","could","n't","cause","the","full","disease","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Unfortunately, 2-3% of all patients still died because they got the smallpox or suffered other diseases as a result of treatment.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":127,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":24,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Unfortunately",",","2","-","3","%","of","all","patients","still","died","because","they","got","the","smallpox","or","suffered","other","diseases","as","a","result","of","treatment","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Still, smallpox was such a horrible and to some degree unavoidable disease that people took the risk for themselves and their children.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":133,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":22,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Still",",","smallpox","was","such","a","horrible","and","to","some","degree","unavoidable","disease","that","people","took","the","risk","for","themselves","and","their","children","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Variolation spread around the globe, while variola continued to kill millions.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":12,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Variolation","spread","around","the","globe",",","while","variola","continued","to","kill","millions","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A victory over the virus only became a real possibility when scientists realized that it wasn't necessary to variolate with the real smallpox disease,","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":148,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":24,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","victory","over","the","virus","only","became","a","real","possibility","when","scientists","realized","that","it","was","n't","necessary","to","variolate","with","the","real","smallpox","disease",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A truly revolutionary step, and only a few years later, this led to one of humankind's most outstanding achievements, vaccinations.","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":61,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":130,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":65,"token_end":23,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["A","truly","revolutionary","step",",","and","only","a","few","years","later",",","this","led","to","one","of","humankind","'s","most","outstanding","achievements",",","vaccinations","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The innovation was simple.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["The","innovation","was","simple","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Instead of using the real virus to train the immune system, use a related virus, cowpox, that was only mild but also gave you immunity.","spans":[{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":27,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Instead","of","using","the","real","virus","to","train","the","immune","system",",","use","a","related","virus",",","cowpox",",","that","was","only","mild","but","also","gave","you","immunity","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Still, it would take another 200 years, countless individuals fighting the monster where they could, delivering vaccines to the most remote places on earth.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":7,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Still",",","it","would","take","another","200","years",",","countless","individuals","fighting","the","monster","where","they","could",",","delivering","vaccines","to","the","most","remote","places","on","earth","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"All the while, the disease ravaged on, killing over 300 million people in the 20th century alone.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","the","while",",","the","disease","ravaged","on",",","killing","over","300","million","people","in","the","20th","century","alone","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,23,35,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"In 1966, the World Health Organization decided that humanity had to come together in a final, major effort.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":106,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["In","1966",",","the","World","Health","Organization","decided","that","humanity","had","to","come","together","in","a","final",",","major","effort","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"A global smallpox news network, based on residents in hotspots, was created, tackling local outbreaks of the virus.","spans":[{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":113,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["A","global","smallpox","news","network",",","based","on","residents","in","hotspots",",","was","created",",","tackling","local","outbreaks","of","the","virus","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Cases were encircled, vaccines given, preventing further spread.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Cases","were","encircled",",","vaccines","given",",","preventing","further","spread","."],"tags":[1,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Smallpox only infects humans, so if we stopped the human transmission chain, we would starve the virus.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":33,"token_end":18,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Smallpox","only","infects","humans",",","so","if","we","stopped","the","human","transmission","chain",",","we","would","starve","the","virus","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The last naturally occurring infection was in 1977, and in 1980, just shy of 200 years since the first vaccine was used, smallpox was declared eradicated.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":153,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":56,"token_end":28,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","last","naturally","occurring","infection","was","in","1977",",","and","in","1980",",","just","shy","of","200","years","since","the","first","vaccine","was","used",",","smallpox","was","declared","eradicated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Variola, the scourge of humanity, was dead.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Variola",",","the","scourge","of","humanity",",","was","dead","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,0,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"No more children would be killed by it, no more mothers or brothers or uncles or cousins.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["No","more","children","would","be","killed","by","it",",","no","more","mothers","or","brothers","or","uncles","or","cousins","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"It's hard to convey to people around today what an incredible win this was.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","hard","to","convey","to","people","around","today","what","an","incredible","win","this","was","."],"tags":[3,21,11,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"One of the cruelest, most dangerous monsters that has hunted us for literally millennia was slain by us, apes with pointy needles.","spans":[{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":91,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":88,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["One","of","the","cruelest",",","most","dangerous","monsters","that","has","hunted","us","for","literally","millennia","was","slain","by","us",",","apes","with","pointy","needles","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Today, we live in a time of enlightenment.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Today",",","we","live","in","a","time","of","enlightenment","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"None of us alive today are haunted by the specter of smallpox.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["None","of","us","alive","today","are","haunted","by","the","specter","of","smallpox","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This light is not natural.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","light","is","not","natural","."],"tags":[1,2,21,37,11,0]}
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+{"text":"But because we live without them, we forget that they ever existed and that they are real.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","because","we","live","without","them",",","we","forget","that","they","ever","existed","and","that","they","are","real","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"They can hug each other and exchange those plasmids to exchange useful abilities.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":80,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","can","hug","each","other","and","exchange","those","plasmids","to","exchange","useful","abilities","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"A variety of superbugs already exist in the world.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","variety","of","superbugs","already","exist","in","the","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,13,19,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This has led to a strange disconnect.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","has","led","to","a","strange","disconnect","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to support us to make more videos, you can buy a Kurzgesagt poster or mug or donate on Patreon.","spans":[{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":18,"token_start":14},{"end":106,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":89,"token_end":22,"token_start":20}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","us","to","make","more","videos",",","you","can","buy","a","Kurzgesagt","poster","or","mug","or","donate","on","Patreon","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Thank you so much for your help.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","your","help","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Until Einstein's theory of relativity gave us a better understanding of gravity and Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving apart from one another in a way that fits previous predictions.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":38,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":79,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":195,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":84,"token_end":31,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["Until","Einstein","'s","theory","of","relativity","gave","us","a","better","understanding","of","gravity","and","Edwin","Hubble","discovered","that","galaxies","are","moving","apart","from","one","another","in","a","way","that","fits","previous","predictions","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,23,9,7,8,8,8,8,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In 1964, by accident, cosmic background radiation was discovered, a relic of the early universe,","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","1964",",","by","accident",",","cosmic","background","radiation","was","discovered",",","a","relic","of","the","early","universe",","],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,0,1,2,2,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Since then, improved technology like the Hubble telescope has given us a pretty good picture of the Big Bang and the structure of the cosmos.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":139,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":25,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Since","then",",","improved","technology","like","the","Hubble","telescope","has","given","us","a","pretty","good","picture","of","the","Big","Bang","and","the","structure","of","the","cosmos","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,9,7,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,0]}
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+{"text":"But how did this Big Bang work?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","how","did","this","Big","Bang","work","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,19,0]}
+{"text":"How can something come from nothing?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["How","can","something","come","from","nothing","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,31,32,5,0]}
+{"text":"Let's explore what we know.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","explore","what","we","know","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"The universe cannot expand into anything because the universe has no borders.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","universe","can","not","expand","into","anything","because","the","universe","has","no","borders","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,19,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Matter and energy were not just theoretically equivalent, it was so hot they were practically the same stuff.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":56,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Matter","and","energy","were","not","just","theoretically","equivalent",",","it","was","so","hot","they","were","practically","the","same","stuff","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,37,13,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Somewhere around this time, matter won over antimatter.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Somewhere","around","this","time",",","matter","won","over","antimatter","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,23,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Somehow, one billion and one matter particles were formed for every one billion particles of antimatter.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Somehow",",","one","billion","and","one","matter","particles","were","formed","for","every","one","billion","particles","of","antimatter","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"By now, the universe has stretched to a billion kilometers in diameter, which leads to a decrease in temperature.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":70,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["By","now",",","the","universe","has","stretched","to","a","billion","kilometers","in","diameter",",","which","leads","to","a","decrease","in","temperature","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The cycle of quarks being born and converted back to energy suddenly stops.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":69,"token_end":12,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","cycle","of","quarks","being","born","and","converted","back","to","energy","suddenly","stops","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,13,25,0]}
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+{"text":"Please take a moment to appreciate that by now, only one second has passed since the beginning of everything.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Please","take","a","moment","to","appreciate","that","by","now",",","only","one","second","has","passed","since","the","beginning","of","everything","."],"tags":[0,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The universe, which has grown to 100 billion kilometers, is now cold enough to allow most of the neutrons to decay into protons and form the first atom, hydrogen.","spans":[{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":160,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":31,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["The","universe",",","which","has","grown","to","100","billion","kilometers",",","is","now","cold","enough","to","allow","most","of","the","neutrons","to","decay","into","protons","and","form","the","first","atom",",","hydrogen","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Imagine the universe at this point as an extremely hot soup, 10 billion degrees Celsius, filled with countless particles and energy.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":131,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Imagine","the","universe","at","this","point","as","an","extremely","hot","soup",",","10","billion","degrees","Celsius",",","filled","with","countless","particles","and","energy","."],"tags":[19,5,6,13,14,14,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Over the next few minutes, things cooled and settled down very fast.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Over","the","next","few","minutes",",","things","cooled","and","settled","down","very","fast","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Some call this period the Dark Age, because there were no stars and the hydrogen gas didn't allow visible light to move around.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":125,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Some","call","this","period","the","Dark","Age",",","because","there","were","no","stars","and","the","hydrogen","gas","did","n't","allow","visible","light","to","move","around","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,33,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But what's the meaning of visible light anyway, when there's nothing alive yet that could have eyes?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":7,"token_start":3},{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":19,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","what","'s","the","meaning","of","visible","light","anyway",",","when","there","'s","nothing","alive","yet","that","could","have","eyes","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,2,2,2,2,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"When the hydrogen gas clumped together after millions of years and gravity put it under great pressure, stars and galaxies began to form.","spans":[{"end":102,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":16,"token_start":0},{"end":122,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":20,"token_start":18},{"end":128,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":123,"token_end":21,"token_start":21},{"end":136,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":129,"token_end":23,"token_start":22}],"tokens":["When","the","hydrogen","gas","clumped","together","after","millions","of","years","and","gravity","put","it","under","great","pressure",",","stars","and","galaxies","began","to","form","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,23,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Their radiation dissolved the stable hydrogen gas into a plasma that still permeates the universe today and allows visible light to pass.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":135,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":21,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Their","radiation","dissolved","the","stable","hydrogen","gas","into","a","plasma","that","still","permeates","the","universe","today","and","allows","visible","light","to","pass","."],"tags":[1,2,23,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Finally, there was light.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Finally",",","there","was","light","."],"tags":[13,0,3,21,1,0]}
+{"text":"What happened right at the beginning?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["What","happened","right","at","the","beginning","?"],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This part can be defined as the Big Bang.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","part","can","be","defined","as","the","Big","Bang","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"We don't know at all what happened here.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know","at","all","what","happened","here","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,13,14,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"At this point, our tools break down.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["At","this","point",",","our","tools","break","down","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,0]}
+{"text":"Natural laws stop making sense.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Natural","laws","stop","making","sense","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Time itself becomes wibbly-wobbly.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Time","itself","becomes","wibbly","-","wobbly","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"To understand what happened here, we need a theory that unifies Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics, something countless scientists are working on right now.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":37,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":163,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","understand","what","happened","here",",","we","need","a","theory","that","unifies","Einstein","'s","relativity","and","quantum","mechanics",",","something","countless","scientists","are","working","on","right","now","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But this leaves us with lots of unanswered questions.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":52,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","leaves","us","with","lots","of","unanswered","questions","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Were there universes before our own?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Were","there","universes","before","our","own","?"],"tags":[21,3,1,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"What started the Big Bang, or did it just occur naturally, based on laws we don't understand yet?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["What","started","the","Big","Bang",",","or","did","it","just","occur","naturally",",","based","on","laws","we","do","n't","understand","yet","?"],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"We don't know, and maybe we never will.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","do","n't","know",",","and","maybe","we","never","will","."],"tags":[1,15,37,19,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But what we do know is that the universe as we know it started here and gave birth to particles, galaxies, stars, the Earth, and you.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":29,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","what","we","do","know","is","that","the","universe","as","we","know","it","started","here","and","gave","birth","to","particles",",","galaxies",",","stars",",","the","Earth",",","and","you","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Since we ourselves are made of dead stars, we are not separate from the universe.","spans":[{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":48,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":52,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Since","we","ourselves","are","made","of","dead","stars",",","we","are","not","separate","from","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,37,11,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So let's keep on experiencing it until there are no more questions to ask.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":14,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["So","let","'s","keep","on","experiencing","it","until","there","are","no","more","questions","to","ask","."],"tags":[0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"But it rules the biggest empire any ant has ever built.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":54,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","rules","the","biggest","empire","any","ant","has","ever","built","."],"tags":[0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Let's take a look at this unlikely warrioress, Linipithema humanae, the Argentine ant.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":85,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","look","at","this","unlikely","warrioress",",","Linipithema","humanae",",","the","Argentine","ant","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"This story begins in the floodplains around the Paran\u00e1 River in South America.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","story","begins","in","the","floodplains","around","the","Paran\u00e1","River","in","South","America","."],"tags":[1,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"It's a crowded ant megalopolis where dozens of ant species fight for dominance, including fire ants, army ants, and the rather unimpressive Argentine ant.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":153,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":27,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","a","crowded","ant","megalopolis","where","dozens","of","ant","species","fight","for","dominance",",","including","fire","ants",",","army","ants",",","and","the","rather","unimpressive","Argentine","ant","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It measures only 2-3 mm in length, and with its small mandibles, it's surprising that it survived among its buff competitors.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":25,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","measures","only","2","-","3","mm","in","length",",","and","with","its","small","mandibles",",","it","'s","surprising","that","it","survived","among","its","buff","competitors","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Their homes are equally unremarkable.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Their","homes","are","equally","unremarkable","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Their colonies range from fairly small to very large, and can be found anywhere.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Their","colonies","range","from","fairly","small","to","very","large",",","and","can","be","found","anywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Here, Argentine ants prepare their most effective weapon against their competitors, bodies.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":89,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Here",",","Argentine","ants","prepare","their","most","effective","weapon","against","their","competitors",",","bodies","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Most ant species have only one queen to produce ants, while Argentine ants went all in on numbers.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":96,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Most","ant","species","have","only","one","queen","to","produce","ants",",","while","Argentine","ants","went","all","in","on","numbers","."],"tags":[1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"For every 120 workers, there's one queen, laying up to 60 eggs a day.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":68,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":16,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["For","every","120","workers",",","there","'s","one","queen",",","laying","up","to","60","eggs","a","day","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"So their colonies grow fast and have millions or billions of individuals.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["So","their","colonies","grow","fast","and","have","millions","or","billions","of","individuals","."],"tags":[0,1,2,19,13,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Teams of queens and workers frequently branch out and found new colonies.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":54,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Teams","of","queens","and","workers","frequently","branch","out","and","found","new","colonies","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,13,31,32,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But this strategy has a downside.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","this","strategy","has","a","downside","."],"tags":[0,1,2,25,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"As colonies grow and produce a lot of offspring, mutations occur and new colonies adapt to new environments.","spans":[{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":69,"token_end":18,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["As","colonies","grow","and","produce","a","lot","of","offspring",",","mutations","occur","and","new","colonies","adapt","to","new","environments","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Their DNA slowly changes from generation to generation, and differences accumulate.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Their","DNA","slowly","changes","from","generation","to","generation",",","and","differences","accumulate","."],"tags":[1,2,13,25,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,0]}
+{"text":"So after a while, the ants that left the colony will become more like distant cousins and start to compete with their mother colony.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":47,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":85,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":131,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":90,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["So","after","a","while",",","the","ants","that","left","the","colony","will","become","more","like","distant","cousins","and","start","to","compete","with","their","mother","colony","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In their native South American range, this is how Argentine ants behave.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":70,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["In","their","native","South","American","range",",","this","is","how","Argentine","ants","behave","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"But they fight vicious wars against other Argentine ant colonies and other ant species.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","they","fight","vicious","wars","against","other","Argentine","ant","colonies","and","other","ant","species","."],"tags":[0,1,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"With equally strong opponents on every side, the Argentine ant became extremely aggressive, fighting for every inch of ground.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":68,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":89,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":124,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["With","equally","strong","opponents","on","every","side",",","the","Argentine","ant","became","extremely","aggressive",",","fighting","for","every","inch","of","ground","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But it could never dominate its neighbors, until humans showed up.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":41,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":65,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","it","could","never","dominate","its","neighbors",",","until","humans","showed","up","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,5,6,0,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"We did what humans do and transported things around the world by ship.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":69,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["We","did","what","humans","do","and","transported","things","around","the","world","by","ship","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"On one of them, a few Argentine ant queens hitched a ride as stowaways from South America to Madeira and New Orleans.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":9,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":115,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":22,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["On","one","of","them",",","a","few","Argentine","ant","queens","hitched","a","ride","as","stowaways","from","South","America","to","Madeira","and","New","Orleans","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,23,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The Argentine ants suddenly found themselves in a strange world.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":28,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","Argentine","ants","suddenly","found","themselves","in","a","strange","world","."],"tags":[1,2,2,13,23,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Instead of being surrounded by deadly enemies, they found only victims.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":47,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":52,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Instead","of","being","surrounded","by","deadly","enemies",",","they","found","only","victims","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"On top of that, the introduced Argentine ants kill up to 90% of their queens every year.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":75,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":16,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":18,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["On","top","of","that",",","the","introduced","Argentine","ants","kill","up","to","90","%","of","their","queens","every","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"So, as these colonies spread across the landscape, ants that left the colony were no longer considered distant cousins.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":82,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":102,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":92,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":118,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":103,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So",",","as","these","colonies","spread","across","the","landscape",",","ants","that","left","the","colony","were","no","longer","considered","distant","cousins","."],"tags":[0,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,13,14,29,33,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Today, the Argentine ant inhabits the Mediterranean zones of six continents and many islands.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Today",",","the","Argentine","ant","inhabits","the","Mediterranean","zones","of","six","continents","and","many","islands","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"This one supercolony was especially successful, establishing sister locations in California, Europe, Japan, New Zealand and Australia, forming one massive intercontinental megacolony of Argentine ants.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":199,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","one","supercolony","was","especially","successful",",","establishing","sister","locations","in","California",",","Europe",",","Japan",",","New","Zealand","and","Australia",",","forming","one","massive","intercontinental","megacolony","of","Argentine","ants","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"In their greed for more territory, the invading Argentine ants have overrun and replaced 90% of the native ant species, including several species of Californian carpenter ants.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":75,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":175,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":80,"token_end":29,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","their","greed","for","more","territory",",","the","invading","Argentine","ants","have","overrun","and","replaced","90","%","of","the","native","ant","species",",","including","several","species","of","Californian","carpenter","ants","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"And if their next stop happens to be human property, they will rudely make themselves at home there too.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":70,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":85,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":86,"token_end":17,"token_start":16},{"end":99,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":94,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":103,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":100,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","if","their","next","stop","happens","to","be","human","property",",","they","will","rudely","make","themselves","at","home","there","too","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,19,5,33,34,13,13,0]}
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+{"text":"On other fronts, an old acquaintance from the Paran\u00e1 River has risen from the shadows.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":57,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":10,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["On","other","fronts",",","an","old","acquaintance","from","the","Paran\u00e1","River","has","risen","from","the","shadows","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Thank you to out friends at CuriosityStream for supporting our ant's obsession and making ambitious projects like this possible.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":19,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Thank","you","to","out","friends","at","CuriosityStream","for","supporting","our","ant","'s","obsession","and","making","ambitious","projects","like","this","possible","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Stay tuned for part 3 and visit curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt for your free trial.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":82,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":26,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Stay","tuned","for","part","3","and","visit","curiositystream.com\/kurzgesagt","for","your","free","trial","."],"tags":[21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Black holes are the largest collections of pure violent energy in the universe.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":12,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Black","holes","are","the","largest","collections","of","pure","violent","energy","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"And so, the energy is lost to us forever.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","so",",","the","energy","is","lost","to","us","forever","."],"tags":[0,0,0,1,2,15,29,13,14,13,0]}
+{"text":"It turns out there's a universe cheat code.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":8,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","turns","out","there","'s","a","universe","cheat","code","."],"tags":[3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Didn't we learn that all energy is trapped forever in black holes, even light?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":77,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Did","n't","we","learn","that","all","energy","is","trapped","forever","in","black","holes",",","even","light","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"This means something very big becomes very, very tiny.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","means","something","very","big","becomes","very",",","very","tiny","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Like the tiniest anything can be in this universe.","spans":[{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Like","the","tiniest","anything","can","be","in","this","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But stars are rotating, and a fundamental property of our universe is that things that are spinning don't want to stop spinning.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":127,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":23,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","stars","are","rotating",",","and","a","fundamental","property","of","our","universe","is","that","things","that","are","spinning","do","n't","want","to","stop","spinning","."],"tags":[0,1,15,27,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"A big thing that spins and becomes smaller spins faster.","spans":[{"end":41,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["A","big","thing","that","spins","and","becomes","smaller","spins","faster","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,25,13,0]}
+{"text":"So as the core of a star collapses, its momentum makes it spin faster and faster and faster until it collapses into a black hole.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":13},{"end":128,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":92,"token_end":25,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["So","as","the","core","of","a","star","collapses",",","its","momentum","makes","it","spin","faster","and","faster","and","faster","until","it","collapses","into","a","black","hole","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And the black hole keeps on spinning, inconceivably fast.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":56,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","the","black","hole","keeps","on","spinning",",","inconceivably","fast","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,31,32,5,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Why spinning black holes are special?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Why","spinning","black","holes","are","special","?"],"tags":[13,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Just like non-spinning black holes, spinning black holes have an event horizon and a singularity at their core where all of their mass is concentrated.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":57,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":149,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":27,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Just","like","non","-","spinning","black","holes",",","spinning","black","holes","have","an","event","horizon","and","a","singularity","at","their","core","where","all","of","their","mass","is","concentrated","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Instead, it's a ringularity.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Instead",",","it","'s","a","ringularity","."],"tags":[13,0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"The ringularity makes you dance, whether you want to or not.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","ringularity","makes","you","dance",",","whether","you","want","to","or","not","."],"tags":[1,2,25,5,33,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"You need to move faster than the speed of light just to stand still here, which is impossible.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":93,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":18,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["You","need","to","move","faster","than","the","speed","of","light","just","to","stand","still","here",",","which","is","impossible","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"What are they, and how do they mold the structure of the universe at their whim?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":19,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["What","are","they",",","and","how","do","they","mold","the","structure","of","the","universe","at","their","whim","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"In the 1950s, astronomers noticed mysterious loud radio waves coming from spots all over the sky.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":96,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","the","1950s",",","astronomers","noticed","mysterious","loud","radio","waves","coming","from","spots","all","over","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"They were named quasi-stellar radio sources, or quasars, because they were dots like stars, but were seen in radio waves rather than visible light.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":10,"token_start":3},{"end":146,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["They","were","named","quasi","-","stellar","radio","sources",",","or","quasars",",","because","they","were","dots","like","stars",",","but","were","seen","in","radio","waves","rather","than","visible","light","."],"tags":[1,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Everything about them was strange.","spans":[{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Everything","about","them","was","strange","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Some flickered, others emitted high-energy X-rays in addition to radio waves, but all seemed to be tiny.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":76,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":16,"token_end":15,"token_start":3},{"end":103,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":22,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["Some","flickered",",","others","emitted","high","-","energy","X","-","rays","in","addition","to","radio","waves",",","but","all","seemed","to","be","tiny","."],"tags":[1,23,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"They all moved extremely fast, as much as over 30% the speed of light.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":68,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","all","moved","extremely","fast",",","as","much","as","over","30","%","the","speed","of","light","."],"tags":[1,2,23,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The only explanation was that they must have been so distant that their apparent speed was actually the expansion of the universe moving them away from us.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":153,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","only","explanation","was","that","they","must","have","been","so","distant","that","their","apparent","speed","was","actually","the","expansion","of","the","universe","moving","them","away","from","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"But these enormous distances meant that quasars couldn't just be stars, but the active cores of galaxies billions of light-years away.","spans":[{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":29,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":133,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":24,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","these","enormous","distances","meant","that","quasars","could","n't","just","be","stars",",","but","the","active","cores","of","galaxies","billions","of","light","-","years","away","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And it gets crazier.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["And","it","gets","crazier","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"To appear so bright and loud, given these vast distances, they are thousands of times brighter than the entire Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":65,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":119,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["To","appear","so","bright","and","loud",",","given","these","vast","distances",",","they","are","thousands","of","times","brighter","than","the","entire","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"As we mapped the sky, we discovered over a million quasars.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["As","we","mapped","the","sky",",","we","discovered","over","a","million","quasars","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,23,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"And they all seemed to be very far away.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["And","they","all","seemed","to","be","very","far","away","."],"tags":[0,1,2,17,18,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Looking into space far away means very long ago, because light takes so long to reach us.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Looking","into","space","far","away","means","very","long","ago",",","because","light","takes","so","long","to","reach","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,5,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Quasars were common in the early universe, having peaked in number 10 billion years ago, when galaxies and the universe itself were still very young.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":40,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":26,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Quasars","were","common","in","the","early","universe",",","having","peaked","in","number","10","billion","years","ago",",","when","galaxies","and","the","universe","itself","were","still","very","young","."],"tags":[1,21,11,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's go back in time, just 3 billion years after the Big Bang, and see what was going on back then.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":99,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","back","in","time",",","just","3","billion","years","after","the","Big","Bang",",","and","see","what","was","going","on","back","then","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"How could an early baby galaxy be so incredibly bright and violent?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["How","could","an","early","baby","galaxy","be","so","incredibly","bright","and","violent","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"All that light and radiation couldn't be stars, as there weren't nearly enough of them.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":85,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["All","that","light","and","radiation","could","n't","be","stars",",","as","there","were","n't","nearly","enough","of","them","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And since galaxies tend to grow with time by emerging, the starlight from small galaxies shouldn't be far brighter than any galaxy today.","spans":[{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":15,"token_start":11},{"end":95,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":89,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":98,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":95,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":101,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":99,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":136,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":102,"token_end":24,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","since","galaxies","tend","to","grow","with","time","by","emerging",",","the","starlight","from","small","galaxies","should","n't","be","far","brighter","than","any","galaxy","today","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"There's only one way to generate the vast amounts of energy a quasar shines with.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","'s","only","one","way","to","generate","the","vast","amounts","of","energy","a","quasar","shines","with","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"We still don't know how exactly they formed, but it seems that every galaxy has one in their center.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":99,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":49,"token_end":20,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["We","still","do","n't","know","how","exactly","they","formed",",","but","it","seems","that","every","galaxy","has","one","in","their","center","."],"tags":[1,13,15,37,19,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But how can the brightest things in the universe be black holes, which trap anything and everything that crosses their event horizon?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":51,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":132,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":22,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","how","can","the","brightest","things","in","the","universe","be","black","holes",",","which","trap","anything","and","everything","that","crosses","their","event","horizon","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Well, the light of a quasar is not coming from inside these black holes.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Well",",","the","light","of","a","quasar","is","not","coming","from","inside","these","black","holes","."],"tags":[0,0,1,2,2,2,2,15,37,27,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Rather, it comes from the space around them, a massive orbiting disk of gas called an attrition disk.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Rather",",","it","comes","from","the","space","around","them",",","a","massive","orbiting","disk","of","gas","called","an","attrition","disk","."],"tags":[0,0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Quasars use the same fuel as stars to shine.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":6,"token_start":2},{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Quasars","use","the","same","fuel","as","stars","to","shine","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"It's just that black holes are the most efficient engines for converting matter into energy in the universe.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":107,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":18,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","'s","just","that","black","holes","are","the","most","efficient","engines","for","converting","matter","into","energy","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The energy released by matter falling into a black hole can be 60 times greater than that released by nuclear fusion in the core of a star,","spans":[{"end":54,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":61,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":137,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":26,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["The","energy","released","by","matter","falling","into","a","black","hole","can","be","60","times","greater","than","that","released","by","nuclear","fusion","in","the","core","of","a","star",","],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Matter falling into a black hole speeds up to almost the speed of light before it crosses the event horizon, buzzing with an incredible amount of kinetic energy.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":13,"token_start":8},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":19,"token_start":14},{"end":160,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":28,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["Matter","falling","into","a","black","hole","speeds","up","to","almost","the","speed","of","light","before","it","crosses","the","event","horizon",",","buzzing","with","an","incredible","amount","of","kinetic","energy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Fall straight down, and the outside universe gets nothing.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":24,"token_end":9,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Fall","straight","down",",","and","the","outside","universe","gets","nothing","."],"tags":[19,13,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"This is what a quasar is.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","what","a","quasar","is","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Typical quasars consume 1 to 100 Earth masses of gas per minute.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Typical","quasars","consume","1","to","100","Earth","masses","of","gas","per","minute","."],"tags":[1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Like a particle accelerator, they launch enormous beams of matter out,","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":65,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":10,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["Like","a","particle","accelerator",",","they","launch","enormous","beams","of","matter","out",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,35,0]}
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+{"text":"But quasars can't eat for long, maybe a few million years, because their feast ultimately kills their galaxy.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":20,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["But","quasars","ca","n't","eat","for","long",",","maybe","a","few","million","years",",","because","their","feast","ultimately","kills","their","galaxy","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"How quasars kill galaxies ?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["How","quasars","kill","galaxies","?"],"tags":[13,1,19,5,0]}
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+{"text":"After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected and billions of viruses swarm the lungs.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":44,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":61,"token_end":17,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["After","about","10","days",",","millions","of","body","cells","are","infected","and","billions","of","viruses","swarm","the","lungs","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you, your own immune system.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":124,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":26,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["The","virus","has","not","caused","too","much","damage","yet",",","but","corona","is","now","going","to","release","a","real","beast","on","you",",","your","own","immune","system","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,29,5,6,6,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":8,"token_start":4},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":62,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":91,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":16,"token_start":13},{"end":118,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":96,"token_end":20,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["The","immune","system",",","while","there","to","protect","you",",","can","actually","be","pretty","dangerous","to","yourself","and","needs","tight","regulation","."],"tags":[1,2,2,0,13,14,14,14,14,0,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, corona infects some of them and creates confusion.","spans":[{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":66,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":74,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":67,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":87,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":20,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["And","as","immune","cells","pour","into","the","lungs","to","fight","the","virus",",","corona","infects","some","of","them","and","creates","confusion","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,0]}
+{"text":"Cells have neither ears nor eyes, they communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":104,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Cells","have","neither","ears","nor","eyes",",","they","communicate","mostly","via","tiny","information","proteins","called","cytokines","."],"tags":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":71,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Corona","causes","infected","immune","cells","to","overreact","and","yell","bloody","murder","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":8,"token_start":6},{"end":60,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":12,"token_start":9},{"end":145,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":65,"token_end":27,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["In","a","sense",",","it","puts","the","immune","system","into","a","fighting","frenzy","and","sends","way","more","soldiers","than","it","should",",","wasting","its","resources","and","causing","damage","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,33,34,34,34,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Two","kinds","of","cells","in","particular","wreak","havoc","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,0]}
+{"text":"As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies.","spans":[{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":105,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["As","they","arrive","in","their","thousands",",","they","start","pumping","out","enzymes","that","destroy","as","many","friends","as","enemies","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage that leads to lifelong disabilities.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":16,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","might","get","so","bad","that","it","can","cause","permanent","irreversible","damage","that","leads","to","lifelong","disabilities","."],"tags":[1,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":29,"token_end":13,"token_start":6},{"end":107,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":18,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["It","kills","the","infected","cells",",","intercepts","the","viruses","trying","to","infect","new","ones","and","cleans","up","the","battlefield","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"The coronavirus is often compared to the flu, but actually it's much more dangerous.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":44,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":83,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":15,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","coronavirus","is","often","compared","to","the","flu",",","but","actually","it","'s","much","more","dangerous","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":91,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Which","future","we","will","see","depends","on","how","we","all","react","to","it","in","the","early","days","of","the","outbreak","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":52,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","fast","pandemic","will","be","horrible","and","cost","many","lives","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,21,11,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"A slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":10,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","slow","pandemic","will","not","be","remembered","by","the","history","books","."],"tags":[1,2,2,15,37,15,29,13,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Why is this so bad?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Why","is","this","so","bad","?"],"tags":[13,21,1,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":48,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":22,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["If","this","becomes","the","case",",","then","horrible","decisions","will","have","to","be","made","about","who","gets","to","live","and","who","does","n't","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,2,15,17,18,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Since we don't have a vaccine for corona, we have to socially engineer our behavior to act like a social vaccine.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":11},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":53,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":62,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":82,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":111,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Since","we","do","n't","have","a","vaccine","for","corona",",","we","have","to","socially","engineer","our","behavior","to","act","like","a","social","vaccine","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,13,19,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This simply means two things.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","simply","means","two","things","."],"tags":[1,13,25,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":26,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":61,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Soap","breaks","that","fat","apart","and","leaves","it","unable","to","infect","you","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,35,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"It also makes your hands slippery and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u5176\u4ed6","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":101,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["It","also","makes","your","hands","slippery","and","with","the","mechanical","motions","of","washing",",","viruses","are","ripped","away","."],"tags":[1,13,25,0,0,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":131,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":23,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["On","a","larger","level",",","there","are","quarantines",",","which","can","mean","different","things","from","travel","restrictions","or","actual","orders","to","stay","at","home","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"None of this is fun, but looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":86,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":25,"token_end":20,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["None","of","this","is","fun",",","but","looking","at","the","big","picture",",","it","is","a","really","small","price","to","pay","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"If they start slow with a not so steep slope, they end okayish.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","they","start","slow","with","a","not","so","steep","slope",",","they","end","okayish","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,0]}
+{"text":"And in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":37,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","in","this","day","and","age",",","it","really","is","in","all","of","our","hands","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"The 12,024 calendar is here.","spans":[{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","12,024","calendar","is","here","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Get it now before it sells out.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Get","it","now","before","it","sells","out","."],"tags":[19,5,13,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And stay tuned until the end of this video for a sneak peek that's out of this world.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":84,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":18,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","stay","tuned","until","the","end","of","this","video","for","a","sneak","peek","that","'s","out","of","this","world","."],"tags":[0,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Life has existed on one planet for about 4 billion years, as far as we know.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":10,"token_start":6},{"end":74,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":16,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Life","has","existed","on","one","planet","for","about","4","billion","years",",","as","far","as","we","know","."],"tags":[1,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But it might have started right after the Big Bang, when the universe was much stranger and more fantastic than today.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":117,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":21,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","it","might","have","started","right","after","the","Big","Bang",",","when","the","universe","was","much","stranger","and","more","fantastic","than","today","."],"tags":[0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Tiny and not-so-tiny aliens might be everywhere.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Tiny","and","not","-","so","-","tiny","aliens","might","be","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"In this video, we're going to put together two highly speculative yet scientifically grounded possibilities.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":29,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":30,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":107,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":16,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["In","this","video",",","we","'re","going","to","put","together","two","highly","speculative","yet","scientifically","grounded","possibilities","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,17,18,18,19,13,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Check out the scientific papers in our sources.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Check","out","the","scientific","papers","in","our","sources","."],"tags":[31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"To properly explain it, let's first look at the paradox of life on Earth.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":72,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":15,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["To","properly","explain","it",",","let","'s","first","look","at","the","paradox","of","life","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"But life didn't only appear extremely quickly.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","life","did","n't","only","appear","extremely","quickly","."],"tags":[0,1,15,37,13,19,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"To qualify as living things, even microbes need to eat, poop, grow, and multiply.","spans":[{"end":27,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":17,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["To","qualify","as","living","things",",","even","microbes","need","to","eat",",","poop",",","grow",",","and","multiply","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"To do that, they need a genome, the biological instruction manual that sets the inner workings of an organism.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":108,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","do","that",",","they","need","a","genome",",","the","biological","instruction","manual","that","sets","the","inner","workings","of","an","organism","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"How dead things with no genome become living things with genomes is one of the biggest riddles of science.","spans":[{"end":63,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":66,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":104,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["How","dead","things","with","no","genome","become","living","things","with","genomes","is","one","of","the","biggest","riddles","of","science","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Simplifying a lot, the problem is that to have a functioning genome, you need proteins, and to make those proteins, you need a functioning genome.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":144,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":28,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Simplifying","a","lot",",","the","problem","is","that","to","have","a","functioning","genome",",","you","need","proteins",",","and","to","make","those","proteins",",","you","need","a","functioning","genome","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Both proteins and genomes are super long molecules made of pretty complex blocks that are extremely difficult to assemble by chance.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":130,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":30,"token_end":20,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Both","proteins","and","genomes","are","super","long","molecules","made","of","pretty","complex","blocks","that","are","extremely","difficult","to","assemble","by","chance","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"So how did the first living things manage to cross that gap in just a few hundred million years?","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":95,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","how","did","the","first","living","things","manage","to","cross","that","gap","in","just","a","few","hundred","million","years","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,2,2,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Maybe we need to think backwards.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","need","to","think","backwards","."],"tags":[13,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"Over billions of years, the story of life got more and more complex.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":40,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":13,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Over","billions","of","years",",","the","story","of","life","got","more","and","more","complex","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"A genome can be viewed as a long string of letters with biological instructions.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":13,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["A","genome","can","be","viewed","as","a","long","string","of","letters","with","biological","instructions","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,29,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"And from microbes to us today, functional genomes seem to have been increasing in size at a fairly constant rate.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":49,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":78,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":112,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["And","from","microbes","to","us","today",",","functional","genomes","seem","to","have","been","increasing","in","size","at","a","fairly","constant","rate","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,17,18,15,15,27,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The functional genome of fish is more than twice that of worms.","spans":[{"end":29,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["The","functional","genome","of","fish","is","more","than","twice","that","of","worms","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Our functional genome is about twice bigger than that of fish, and so on.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":10,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Our","functional","genome","is","about","twice","bigger","than","that","of","fish",",","and","so","on","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"It is a bit more complicated, but for now, let's run with this.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2},{"end":62,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":15,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["It","is","a","bit","more","complicated",",","but","for","now",",","let","'s","run","with","this","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"As if evolution had been following an exponential inner clock.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["As","if","evolution","had","been","following","an","exponential","inner","clock","."],"tags":[0,0,1,15,15,27,5,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But it gets even stranger.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","it","gets","even","stranger","."],"tags":[0,1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"But how could life have achieved that level of complexity in such a short time?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":58,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","how","could","life","have","achieved","that","level","of","complexity","in","such","a","short","time","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,15,29,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There may be an interesting way to solve this riddle.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":52,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":9,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["There","may","be","an","interesting","way","to","solve","this","riddle","."],"tags":[3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"We just take our exponential clock and extrapolate it back in time to the simplest conceivable life form.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":104,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":17,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["We","just","take","our","exponential","clock","and","extrapolate","it","back","in","time","to","the","simplest","conceivable","life","form","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But if we do that, we end up 10 billion years in the past.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["But","if","we","do","that",",","we","end","up","10","billion","years","in","the","past","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This would explain why life started to thrive so quickly on our young planet.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":76,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["This","would","explain","why","life","started","to","thrive","so","quickly","on","our","young","planet","."],"tags":[1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"If it was already present in space like a seed, it just needed water and warm temperatures to wake up and go on evolving.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":9,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":56,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":14},{"end":120,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":24,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["If","it","was","already","present","in","space","like","a","seed",",","it","just","needed","water","and","warm","temperatures","to","wake","up","and","go","on","evolving","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,13,23,5,6,6,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"And it would also explain the high degree of sophistication of the first life forms on Earth.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":16,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["And","it","would","also","explain","the","high","degree","of","sophistication","of","the","first","life","forms","on","Earth","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"They could have been complex already because they might have been evolving for billions of years somewhere else in the universe.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":126,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["They","could","have","been","complex","already","because","they","might","have","been","evolving","for","billions","of","years","somewhere","else","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,15,21,11,13,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But could life really be that old?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","could","life","really","be","that","old","?"],"tags":[0,15,1,13,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"Actually, life could have started shortly after the universe itself was born.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Actually",",","life","could","have","started","shortly","after","the","universe","itself","was","born","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"At its most basic level, life needs two things.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":30,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":9,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["At","its","most","basic","level",",","life","needs","two","things","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"The liquid medium needs to stay warm enough to remain, well, liquid.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":13,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","liquid","medium","needs","to","stay","warm","enough","to","remain",",","well",",","liquid","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So when we search for life in space, we focus on Earth-like planets at just the right distance from their star, warm enough to sustain liquid water.","spans":[{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":40,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":147,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":30,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["So","when","we","search","for","life","in","space",",","we","focus","on","Earth","-","like","planets","at","just","the","right","distance","from","their","star",",","warm","enough","to","sustain","liquid","water","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But there was actually a time when almost all of the universe might have been habitable.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":87,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","there","was","actually","a","time","when","almost","all","of","the","universe","might","have","been","habitable","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Right after the Big Bang, the universe was extremely hot.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Right","after","the","Big","Bang",",","the","universe","was","extremely","hot","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,0]}
+{"text":"But as the cosmos expanded, it cooled.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","as","the","cosmos","expanded",",","it","cooled","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,0,1,23,0]}
+{"text":"And between about 10 and 17 million years after the Big Bang, when the universe was a thousand times younger than today, it was between 100 degrees Celsius and 0 degrees Celsius, the temperature at which water is liquid.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":11,"token_start":1},{"end":119,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":13},{"end":123,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":121,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":127,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":124,"token_end":25,"token_start":25},{"end":219,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":41,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["And","between","about","10","and","17","million","years","after","the","Big","Bang",",","when","the","universe","was","a","thousand","times","younger","than","today",",","it","was","between","100","degrees","Celsius","and","0","degrees","Celsius",",","the","temperature","at","which","water","is","liquid","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"So for this window of time, more than 13.7 billion years ago, the whole universe, absolutely every inch of it, had the right temperature to support life.","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":12,"token_start":1},{"end":109,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":22,"token_start":14},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":111,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":152,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":115,"token_end":30,"token_start":25}],"tokens":["So","for","this","window","of","time",",","more","than","13.7","billion","years","ago",",","the","whole","universe",",","absolutely","every","inch","of","it",",","had","the","right","temperature","to","support","life","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Of course, the right temperature alone is not enough for life.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":40,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":11,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Of","course",",","the","right","temperature","alone","is","not","enough","for","life","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,21,37,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"We also need chemical elements like carbon and oxygen, which are forged in the cores of stars.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["We","also","need","chemical","elements","like","carbon","and","oxygen",",","which","are","forged","in","the","cores","of","stars","."],"tags":[1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But were there stars in super early cosmic times?","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","were","there","stars","in","super","early","cosmic","times","?"],"tags":[0,21,3,1,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Such stars would have been very massive and gone supernova in just 3 million years, seeding the baby universe with the chemical elements needed to form dust, asteroids, planets, and the ingredients of life.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":205,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":44,"token_end":37,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Such","stars","would","have","been","very","massive","and","gone","supernova","in","just","3","million","years",",","seeding","the","baby","universe","with","the","chemical","elements","needed","to","form","dust",",","asteroids",",","planets",",","and","the","ingredients","of","life","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe the first ancestors of life were more exotic and didn't even need water, but thrived in substances like ammonia or ethane that can stay liquid at temperatures far below 0 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":33,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":38,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":77,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":55,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":192,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":83,"token_end":34,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Maybe","the","first","ancestors","of","life","were","more","exotic","and","did","n't","even","need","water",",","but","thrived","in","substances","like","ammonia","or","ethane","that","can","stay","liquid","at","temperatures","far","below","0","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,0,41,42,42,42,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"The real magic of this idea is that while the universe today is extremely deadly and hostile, back then, the conditions for life might have been basically everywhere.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":164,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":29,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","real","magic","of","this","idea","is","that","while","the","universe","today","is","extremely","deadly","and","hostile",",","back","then",",","the","conditions","for","life","might","have","been","basically","everywhere","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"For a period that may have lasted several dozen million years, primordial life might have been able to emerge on any rock,","spans":[{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":10,"token_start":0},{"end":77,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":13,"token_start":12},{"end":83,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":79,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":88,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":85,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":93,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":90,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":120,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":95,"token_end":22,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["For","a","period","that","may","have","lasted","several","dozen","million","years",",","primordial","life","might","have","been","able","to","emerge","on","any","rock",","],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"At some point, the universe cooled down below the right temperature for life to thrive, but some of those ancestral life forms may have continued to exist in the internal warmth of the first planets,","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":15,"token_start":8},{"end":198,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":92,"token_end":36,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["At","some","point",",","the","universe","cooled","down","below","the","right","temperature","for","life","to","thrive",",","but","some","of","those","ancestral","life","forms","may","have","continued","to","exist","in","the","internal","warmth","of","the","first","planets",","],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,31,32,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"If they did, life now might be everywhere in the universe.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":30,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":57,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","they","did",",","life","now","might","be","everywhere","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Will we ever know?","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Will","we","ever","know","?"],"tags":[15,1,13,19,0]}
+{"text":"All this makes for a nice story, and while both the habitability of the baby universe and our exponential clock of life are reasonable ideas, they're still speculative.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":31,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":167,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":30,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["All","this","makes","for","a","nice","story",",","and","while","both","the","habitability","of","the","baby","universe","and","our","exponential","clock","of","life","are","reasonable","ideas",",","they","'re","still","speculative","."],"tags":[1,2,31,32,5,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But if life came to Earth from outer space, then it should have seeded other places in the solar system too.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":8,"token_start":1},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":63,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":70,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":64,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":103,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":20,"token_start":15},{"end":107,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":104,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["But","if","life","came","to","Earth","from","outer","space",",","then","it","should","have","seeded","other","places","in","the","solar","system","too","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,13,1,15,15,29,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe there are fossils in dry riverbeds on Mars.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","are","fossils","in","dry","riverbeds","on","Mars","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe we'll soon find life in the warm underground oceans of Enceladus or Europa.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":14,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Maybe","we","'ll","soon","find","life","in","the","warm","underground","oceans","of","Enceladus","or","Europa","."],"tags":[13,1,15,13,19,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Titan has seas, rivers, and lakes of ethane and methane as warm as the universe when it was 90 million years old.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":111,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":23,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Titan","has","seas",",","rivers",",","and","lakes","of","ethane","and","methane","as","warm","as","the","universe","when","it","was","90","million","years","old","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So finding exotic life on Titan would support the idea that life could have originated in the weird baby universe.","spans":[{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":113,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":19,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["So","finding","exotic","life","on","Titan","would","support","the","idea","that","life","could","have","originated","in","the","weird","baby","universe","."],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"So far, when we look out into the cosmos, we don't see anyone like us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":9,"token_start":3},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":46,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":49,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":47,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":53,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":17,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["So","far",",","when","we","look","out","into","the","cosmos",",","we","do","n't","see","anyone","like","us","."],"tags":[13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,37,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But maybe that's because life needed 10 billion years or more to reach the level of complexity that allows for a technological species.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":134,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":23,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","maybe","that","'s","because","life","needed","10","billion","years","or","more","to","reach","the","level","of","complexity","that","allows","for","a","technological","species","."],"tags":[0,11,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe there are millions of worlds filled with microbes, oceans full of exotic fish, and continents of bizarre animals.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":20,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","are","millions","of","worlds","filled","with","microbes",",","oceans","full","of","exotic","fish",",","and","continents","of","bizarre","animals","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Life could be flourishing right now in uncountable forms and in all kinds of cosmic environments.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Life","could","be","flourishing","right","now","in","uncountable","forms","and","in","all","kinds","of","cosmic","environments","."],"tags":[1,15,15,27,13,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"And if many of us share a common cosmic origin, we would all be part of a great cosmic family.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":9,"token_start":1},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":60,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":57,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":63,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":93,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":20,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["And","if","many","of","us","share","a","common","cosmic","origin",",","we","would","all","be","part","of","a","great","cosmic","family","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"The answer may lie in our cosmic backyard.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","answer","may","lie","in","our","cosmic","backyard","."],"tags":[1,2,15,19,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's go and find out.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","go","and","find","out","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"It's time.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":3,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":8,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","'s","time","."],"tags":[1,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"Let's reveal the 12,024 human era calendar with a big bang.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":58,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":11,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","reveal","the","12,024","human","era","calendar","with","a","big","bang","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"The Kurzgesagt calendar is special because we're adding 10,000 years to include all of humanity, no matter their culture or origin.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":129,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":22,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","Kurzgesagt","calendar","is","special","because","we","'re","adding","10,000","years","to","include","all","of","humanity",",","no","matter","their","culture","or","origin","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"12,000 years ago, humans first started working together on a larger scale, laying the foundation for civilization and the future of us all.","spans":[{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":31,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":12,"token_start":7},{"end":138,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":75,"token_end":24,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["12,000","years","ago",",","humans","first","started","working","together","on","a","larger","scale",",","laying","the","foundation","for","civilization","and","the","future","of","us","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,13,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This year, we're looking at the cosmos and all the possible life that could be thriving on myriads of worlds, hosting radically different animals and beings from the ones on Earth.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":179,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":33,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","year",",","we","'re","looking","at","the","cosmos","and","all","the","possible","life","that","could","be","thriving","on","myriads","of","worlds",",","hosting","radically","different","animals","and","beings","from","the","ones","on","Earth","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Where in the universe might life exist? And how would different cosmic environments affect the basic rules of life?","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Where","in","the","universe","might","life","exist","?","And","how","would","different","cosmic","environments","affect","the","basic","rules","of","life","?"],"tags":[13,14,14,14,15,1,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Explore strange cosmic habitats and extraterrestrial life forms on 12 awe-inspiring pages.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":62,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":7,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":13,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Explore","strange","cosmic","habitats","and","extraterrestrial","life","forms","on","12","awe","-","inspiring","pages","."],"tags":[19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"A flash of light illuminates the sky as an eerie bright white sphere grows over the Gulf of Mexico.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":35,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":37,"token_end":18,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["A","flash","of","light","illuminates","the","sky","as","an","eerie","bright","white","sphere","grows","over","the","Gulf","of","Mexico","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,25,5,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"while the energy from the impact pushes so hard against Earth's crust that it loses all strength and flows away from the impact site like a liquid,","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":1},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":33,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["while","the","energy","from","the","impact","pushes","so","hard","against","Earth","'s","crust","that","it","loses","all","strength","and","flows","away","from","the","impact","site","like","a","liquid",","],"tags":[0,1,2,2,2,2,25,13,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"The ocean is pushed back for hundreds of kilometers like when a kid jumps into a puddle.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":24,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":51,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":87,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":16,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","ocean","is","pushed","back","for","hundreds","of","kilometers","like","when","a","kid","jumps","into","a","puddle","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,35,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"The violence of the strike is felt everywhere on Earth within minutes.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":29,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":54,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":7},{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","violence","of","the","strike","is","felt","everywhere","on","Earth","within","minutes","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,29,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"A magnitude 11 earthquake may be the most powerful quake any living thing has ever witnessed in billions of years.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":30,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":112,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":19,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["A","magnitude","11","earthquake","may","be","the","most","powerful","quake","any","living","thing","has","ever","witnessed","in","billions","of","years","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It is so insanely strong that in India it might have shaken gigantic lava fields","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":4,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":14,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["It","is","so","insanely","strong","that","in","India","it","might","have","shaken","gigantic","lava","fields"],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12]}
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+{"text":"Nobody would sleep through this day.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Nobody","would","sleep","through","this","day","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"In Middle America, basically any soil, vegetation or animal is just shredded into pieces and catapulted thousands of kilometers away.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":10,"token_start":5},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":76,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":68,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":88,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":77,"token_end":15,"token_start":14},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":93,"token_end":21,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["In","Middle","America",",","basically","any","soil",",","vegetation","or","animal","is","just","shredded","into","pieces","and","catapulted","thousands","of","kilometers","away","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,29,13,14,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Now the previously displaced oceans return.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":41,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":36,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Now","the","previously","displaced","oceans","return","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,19,0]}
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+{"text":"As they crash into the coasts of the continents surrounding the impact, they will drown thousands of kilometers of coastline.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":11,"token_start":0},{"end":75,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":72,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":77,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":86,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["As","they","crash","into","the","coasts","of","the","continents","surrounding","the","impact",",","they","will","drown","thousands","of","kilometers","of","coastline","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"15 hours later, some of the waves that get refracted around South America will still tower as much as 100 meters into the sky.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":72,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":13,"token_start":4},{"end":77,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":14,"token_start":14},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":79,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":89,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":85,"token_end":16,"token_start":16},{"end":124,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":91,"token_end":24,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["15","hours","later",",","some","of","the","waves","that","get","refracted","around","South","America","will","still","tower","as","much","as","100","meters","into","the","sky","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But we still haven't talked about the worst thing yet.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":27,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":53,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":50,"token_end":10,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["But","we","still","have","n't","talked","about","the","worst","thing","yet","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,37,29,13,14,14,14,13,0]}
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+{"text":"And this happens to millions of tons of material everywhere.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":9,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["And","this","happens","to","millions","of","tons","of","material","everywhere","."],"tags":[0,1,25,13,14,14,14,14,14,13,0]}
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+{"text":"Either the air was heated to hundreds of degrees for a few minutes, or to thousands of degrees for around one minute.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":19,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":66,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":49,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Either","the","air","was","heated","to","hundreds","of","degrees","for","a","few","minutes",",","or","to","thousands","of","degrees","for","around","one","minute","."],"tags":[0,1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,13,14,14,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"Whatever plants survive the firestorms will now be starved for sunlight, as global photosynthesis is temporarily shut down.","spans":[{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":39,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":47,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":48,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":71,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Whatever","plants","survive","the","firestorms","will","now","be","starved","for","sunlight",",","as","global","photosynthesis","is","temporarily","shut","down","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,15,29,13,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Within days, temperatures crash as much as 25 degrees Celsius.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":26,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":10,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["Within","days",",","temperatures","crash","as","much","as","25","degrees","Celsius","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The oceans were especially hard hit.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["The","oceans","were","especially","hard","hit","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,13,29,0]}
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+{"text":"Ultimately, this would kill off the large marine reptiles and ammonites that used to dominate the seas.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":17,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":102,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":17,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Ultimately",",","this","would","kill","off","the","large","marine","reptiles","and","ammonites","that","used","to","dominate","the","seas","."],"tags":[13,0,1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The biosphere that survivors now find themselves in is like an alien landscape.","spans":[{"end":51,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":54,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":55,"token_end":12,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["The","biosphere","that","survivors","now","find","themselves","in","is","like","an","alien","landscape","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Ash, debris, and the burned remains of the formerly lush and blooming life cover the ground.","spans":[{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":14,"token_start":0},{"end":79,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":75,"token_end":15,"token_start":15},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":17,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Ash",",","debris",",","and","the","burned","remains","of","the","formerly","lush","and","blooming","life","cover","the","ground","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"For months and years, the planet will be a hostile and deadly place.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":36,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","months","and","years",",","the","planet","will","be","a","hostile","and","deadly","place","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Thank you so much for that.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":25,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Thank","you","so","much","for","that","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"We're looking forward to making fun, sciencey stuff for you, no matter if it's a video, a poster or something else entirely.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":2,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":123,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":26,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["We","'re","looking","forward","to","making","fun",",","sciencey","stuff","for","you",",","no","matter","if","it","'s","a","video",",","a","poster","or","something","else","entirely","."],"tags":[1,15,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"A war has been raging for billions of years, killing trillions every single day, while we don't even notice.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":21,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["A","war","has","been","raging","for","billions","of","years",",","killing","trillions","every","single","day",",","while","we","do","n't","even","notice","."],"tags":[1,2,15,15,27,13,14,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The war is fought by the single deadliest entity on our planet, the bacteriophage, or phage for short.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":100,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":19,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","war","is","fought","by","the","single","deadliest","entity","on","our","planet",",","the","bacteriophage",",","or","phage","for","short","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"It contains the genetic material of the virus and often sits on a long tail that has leg-like fibers.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":45,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":20,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["It","contains","the","genetic","material","of","the","virus","and","often","sits","on","a","long","tail","that","has","leg","-","like","fibers","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Because we're sort of getting desperate, we screwed up.","spans":[{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":43,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":54,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Because","we","'re","sort","of","getting","desperate",",","we","screwed","up","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,31,32,0]}
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+{"text":"Bacteria were our phages, tiny monsters that hunted us mercilessly.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":65,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Bacteria","were","our","phages",",","tiny","monsters","that","hunted","us","mercilessly","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Suddenly, we had a powerful superweapon.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Suddenly",",","we","had","a","powerful","superweapon","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"We lost respect for the monsters and the weapon.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","lost","respect","for","the","monsters","and","the","weapon","."],"tags":[1,23,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"This continued until we had created what are called superbugs, bacteria immune to almost everything we have.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":106,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":17,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","continued","until","we","had","created","what","are","called","superbugs",",","bacteria","immune","to","almost","everything","we","have","."],"tags":[1,23,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"In the US alone, more than 23,000 people die from resistant bacteria each year.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":8,"token_start":5},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":41,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":12,"token_start":10},{"end":77,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":14,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["In","the","US","alone",",","more","than","23,000","people","die","from","resistant","bacteria","each","year","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,19,13,14,14,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"But it turns out that phages, our tiny killer virus robots, could save us.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":73,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":15,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","it","turns","out","that","phages",",","our","tiny","killer","virus","robots",",","could","save","us","."],"tags":[0,3,31,32,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"Hold on, how can injecting millions of viruses into an infection be a good idea?","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":16,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":13,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":11,"token_start":5},{"end":67,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":79,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":15,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Hold","on",",","how","can","injecting","millions","of","viruses","into","an","infection","be","a","good","idea","?"],"tags":[0,0,0,13,15,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"We are too different.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":19,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","are","too","different","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Antibiotic are like carpet bombing, killing everything, even the good bacteria in our intestines that we don't want to harm.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":122,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":22,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Antibiotic","are","like","carpet","bombing",",","killing","everything",",","even","the","good","bacteria","in","our","intestines","that","we","do","n't","want","to","harm","."],"tags":[1,21,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Well, it's more complex than that.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":10,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":33,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Well",",","it","'s","more","complex","than","that","."],"tags":[0,0,1,21,11,12,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"But things are finally changing.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","things","are","finally","changing","."],"tags":[0,1,15,13,27,0]}
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+{"text":"And we better get used to it because the era in which antibiotics have been our super weapon is drawing to a close.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":114,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":22,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["And","we","better","get","used","to","it","because","the","era","in","which","antibiotics","have","been","our","super","weapon","is","drawing","to","a","close","."],"tags":[0,1,13,21,11,12,12,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This video was made possible by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":27,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":79,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":14,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["This","video","was","made","possible","by","a","grant","from","the","Bill","&","Melinda","Gates","Foundation","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Human society is extremely complex and fragile, built upon various pillars.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":46,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Human","society","is","extremely","complex","and","fragile",",","built","upon","various","pillars","."],"tags":[1,2,21,11,12,12,12,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
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+{"text":"In the US alone, bees are steadily declining, from 5 million hives in 1988 to 2.5 million today.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":44,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":89,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":18,"token_start":10},{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":90,"token_end":19,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["In","the","US","alone",",","bees","are","steadily","declining",",","from","5","million","hives","in","1988","to","2.5","million","today","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,15,13,27,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,0]}
+{"text":"Since 2006, a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder has affected honeybees in many countries, and we're not entirely sure what's causing it.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":56,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":8,"token_start":3},{"end":60,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":61,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":79,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":97,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":80,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":144,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":103,"token_end":25,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["Since","2006",",","a","phenomenon","called","colony","collapse","disorder","has","affected","honeybees","in","many","countries",",","and","we","'re","not","entirely","sure","what","'s","causing","it","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,15,29,5,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"All we know is that it's pretty serious.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["All","we","know","is","that","it","'s","pretty","serious","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Here, they lay their eggs and feed from the fluids of their victims, weakening them considerably and spending their whole life inside the bees.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":142,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":25,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["Here",",","they","lay","their","eggs","and","feed","from","the","fluids","of","their","victims",",","weakening","them","considerably","and","spending","their","whole","life","inside","the","bees","."],"tags":[13,0,1,19,5,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The female mite enters a honeybee brood cell, and lays eggs on the bee larvae before it's about to pupate, and before the hive bees cover the cell with a wax capping.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":44,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":50,"token_end":34,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","female","mite","enters","a","honeybee","brood","cell",",","and","lays","eggs","on","the","bee","larvae","before","it","'s","about","to","pupate",",","and","before","the","hive","bees","cover","the","cell","with","a","wax","capping","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,6,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"The bee is not normally killed at this stage, just weakened, so it still has enough strength to chew its way through the wax capping and release itself from the cell.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":59,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":11,"token_start":6},{"end":165,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":64,"token_end":32,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["The","bee","is","not","normally","killed","at","this","stage",",","just","weakened",",","so","it","still","has","enough","strength","to","chew","its","way","through","the","wax","capping","and","release","itself","from","the","cell","."],"tags":[1,2,15,37,13,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"As it does, it releases the mother mite and her new offspring from the cell, and these are free to spread across the hive, starting the process over again in a cycle of about 10 days.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":12,"token_start":6},{"end":75,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":62,"token_end":15,"token_start":13},{"end":182,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":81,"token_end":38,"token_start":18}],"tokens":["As","it","does",",","it","releases","the","mother","mite","and","her","new","offspring","from","the","cell",",","and","these","are","free","to","spread","across","the","hive",",","starting","the","process","over","again","in","a","cycle","of","about","10","days","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Their numbers grow exponentially, and after a few months, this can lead to the collapse of the entire beehive.","spans":[{"end":13,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":14,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":20,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Their","numbers","grow","exponentially",",","and","after","a","few","months",",","this","can","lead","to","the","collapse","of","the","entire","beehive","."],"tags":[1,2,19,13,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Once outside of the cell, adult mites also suck the bodily fluids of bees and weaken them considerably.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":37,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":7,"token_start":6},{"end":42,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":38,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":43,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":73,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":14,"token_start":10},{"end":102,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":78,"token_end":18,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Once","outside","of","the","cell",",","adult","mites","also","suck","the","bodily","fluids","of","bees","and","weaken","them","considerably","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"To make things worse, they also transmit viruses that harm the bees even more, and can lead to birth defects like useless wings.","spans":[{"end":19,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":25,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":126,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":24,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["To","make","things","worse",",","they","also","transmit","viruses","that","harm","the","bees","even","more",",","and","can","lead","to","birth","defects","like","useless","wings","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,1,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But there are other threats too, such as viruses and fungi.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":27,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["But","there","are","other","threats","too",",","such","as","viruses","and","fungi","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"Over recent years, new insecticides have been introduced that are deadly to bees.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":40,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":41,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Over","recent","years",",","new","insecticides","have","been","introduced","that","are","deadly","to","bees","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,2,15,15,29,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"Neonicotinoids, a chemical family similar to nicotine, was approved in the early 1990s as an alternative to chemicals like DDT.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":53,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":16,"token_end":7,"token_start":2},{"end":58,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":55,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":59,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":86,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":14,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":87,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Neonicotinoids",",","a","chemical","family","similar","to","nicotine",",","was","approved","in","the","early","1990s","as","an","alternative","to","chemicals","like","DDT","."],"tags":[1,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,0,15,29,13,14,14,14,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"It may lead to bees forgetting how to navigate the world.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":10,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","may","lead","to","bees","forgetting","how","to","navigate","the","world","."],"tags":[1,15,19,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"So, bees fly into the wild, get lost, and die alone, separated from their hives.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":36,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":28,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":79,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":42,"token_end":18,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["So",",","bees","fly","into","the","wild",",","get","lost",",","and","die","alone",",","separated","from","their","hives","."],"tags":[0,0,1,19,13,14,14,0,41,42,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"We know that neonicotinoids are harmful to bees and that we urgently need an alternative to it.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":94,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":16,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["We","know","that","neonicotinoids","are","harmful","to","bees","and","that","we","urgently","need","an","alternative","to","it","."],"tags":[1,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"But there are billions of dollars to be made in delaying this.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":61,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":11,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","there","are","billions","of","dollars","to","be","made","in","delaying","this","."],"tags":[0,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Studies sponsored by the chemical industry magically appear to prove a much lower toxicity to bees compared to those produced by independent scientists.","spans":[{"end":42,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":52,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":62,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":53,"token_end":8,"token_start":7},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":63,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":98,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":69,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":151,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":99,"token_end":22,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Studies","sponsored","by","the","chemical","industry","magically","appear","to","prove","a","much","lower","toxicity","to","bees","compared","to","those","produced","by","independent","scientists","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,13,17,18,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"There are even more factors contributing to the demise of bees,","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":62,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":10,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","even","more","factors","contributing","to","the","demise","of","bees",","],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"Each of those factors on its own is a major problem for bees, but together, they probably account for colony collapse disorder.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":33,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":60,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":12,"token_start":8},{"end":126,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":66,"token_end":23,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Each","of","those","factors","on","its","own","is","a","major","problem","for","bees",",","but","together",",","they","probably","account","for","colony","collapse","disorder","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"With parasites upping their game in recent decades, the honeybees are now fighting for survival.","spans":[{"end":49,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":64,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":52,"token_end":10,"token_start":9},{"end":68,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":66,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":72,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":81,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":74,"token_end":13,"token_start":13},{"end":94,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":83,"token_end":15,"token_start":14}],"tokens":["With","parasites","upping","their","game","in","recent","decades",",","the","honeybees","are","now","fighting","for","survival","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,15,13,27,13,14,0]}
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+{"text":"This is a conundrum we have to solve if we want to continue living with a relative abundance and diversity of food.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":113,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":21,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["This","is","a","conundrum","we","have","to","solve","if","we","want","to","continue","living","with","a","relative","abundance","and","diversity","of","food","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"Even if we pretend that we're not, we have to take better care of our surroundings, if not to preserve the beauty of nature, then at least to ensure our own survival.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":36,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":44,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":11,"token_start":10},{"end":49,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":46,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":14,"token_start":13},{"end":81,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":17,"token_start":15},{"end":164,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":84,"token_end":35,"token_start":19}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","pretend","that","we","'re","not",",","we","have","to","take","better","care","of","our","surroundings",",","if","not","to","preserve","the","beauty","of","nature",",","then","at","least","to","ensure","our","own","survival","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,17,18,19,5,6,13,14,14,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"This video is supported by the Australian Academy of Science, which promotes and supports excellence in science.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":110,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":17,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","video","is","supported","by","the","Australian","Academy","of","Science",",","which","promotes","and","supports","excellence","in","science","."],"tags":[1,2,15,29,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"See more at nova.org.au.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["See","more","at","nova.org.au","."],"tags":[19,5,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"It was a blast to work with them, so go check out their site.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":32,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":4},{"end":60,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":37,"token_end":14,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["It","was","a","blast","to","work","with","them",",","so","go","check","out","their","site","."],"tags":[3,21,11,12,1,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Our videos are also made possible by your support on patreon.com.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":18,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":23,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":20,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":63,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":10,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Our","videos","are","also","made","possible","by","your","support","on","patreon.com","."],"tags":[1,2,15,13,29,33,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Recently, we passed an important milestone, which is why there will be an additional video in July.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":19,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":42,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":20,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["Recently",",","we","passed","an","important","milestone",",","which","is","why","there","will","be","an","additional","video","in","July","."],"tags":[13,0,1,23,5,6,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}
+{"text":"If you want to support us and become part of the Kurzgesagt Bird Army, check out our Patreon page.","spans":[{"end":69,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":13,"token_start":0},{"end":80,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":71,"token_end":16,"token_start":15},{"end":97,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":19,"token_start":17}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","support","us","and","become","part","of","the","Kurzgesagt","Bird","Army",",","check","out","our","Patreon","page","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,31,32,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"What makes Ebola so dangerous?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":29,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":4,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["What","makes","Ebola","so","dangerous","?"],"tags":[1,25,5,33,34,0]}
+{"text":"How can a virus overwhelm the very complex defense system of the body so quickly and so effectively?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":68,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":5},{"end":98,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":70,"token_end":17,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["How","can","a","virus","overwhelm","the","very","complex","defense","system","of","the","body","so","quickly","and","so","effectively","?"],"tags":[13,15,1,2,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's take a look at what Ebola does.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":8,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","look","at","what","Ebola","does","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"Ebola is a virus.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Ebola","is","a","virus","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,0]}
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+{"text":"It has no ability to do anything by itself whatsoever and can only survive and proliferate by infecting cells.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":6,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":53,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2},{"end":109,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":18,"token_start":11}],"tokens":["It","has","no","ability","to","do","anything","by","itself","whatsoever","and","can","only","survive","and","proliferate","by","infecting","cells","."],"tags":[1,25,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"To avoid this, we have the immune system.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":16,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":39,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":8,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["To","avoid","this",",","we","have","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,19,5,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"The immune system is super complex, so we developed a visual system that makes it easy to understand.","spans":[{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":34,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":100,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":39,"token_end":18,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["The","immune","system","is","super","complex",",","so","we","developed","a","visual","system","that","makes","it","easy","to","understand","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Let's concentrate on the part that's critical to understanding Ebola and ignore the rest.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":88,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":15,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","concentrate","on","the","part","that","'s","critical","to","understanding","Ebola","and","ignore","the","rest","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"But when Ebola strikes, it directly attacks the immune system.","spans":[{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":43,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":36,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":61,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":44,"token_end":10,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["But","when","Ebola","strikes",",","it","directly","attacks","the","immune","system","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,6,6,0]}
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+{"text":"The Ebola virus enters a dendritic cell by binding onto receptors for cell transport.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":21,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":38,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":13,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["The","Ebola","virus","enters","a","dendritic","cell","by","binding","onto","receptors","for","cell","transport","."],"tags":[1,2,2,25,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"it manipulates it into sending signal proteins that trick the specialized cells into ending their own lives prematurely.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":16,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":118,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":17,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["it","manipulates","it","into","sending","signal","proteins","that","trick","the","specialized","cells","into","ending","their","own","lives","prematurely","."],"tags":[1,25,5,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
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+{"text":"But they also get infected and just die before they can prevent the disease from spreading.","spans":[{"end":8,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":26,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":90,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":15,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["But","they","also","get","infected","and","just","die","before","they","can","prevent","the","disease","from","spreading","."],"tags":[0,1,13,15,29,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"Not only managing to circumvent their defenses, it also manipulates them to signal to the cells that make up the blood vessels, telling them to release fluids into the body.","spans":[{"end":46,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":55,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":67,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":56,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":72,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":126,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":73,"token_end":22,"token_start":12},{"end":172,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":128,"token_end":31,"token_start":24}],"tokens":["Not","only","managing","to","circumvent","their","defenses",",","it","also","manipulates","them","to","signal","to","the","cells","that","make","up","the","blood","vessels",",","telling","them","to","release","fluids","into","the","body","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,13,25,5,33,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,34,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Usually this makes sense, but in this case it just causes mayhem.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":18,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":13,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":64,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":30,"token_end":12,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Usually","this","makes","sense",",","but","in","this","case","it","just","causes","mayhem","."],"tags":[13,1,25,5,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want to know more about it, watch part 1.","spans":[{"end":32,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":7,"token_start":0},{"end":39,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":35,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":46,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":11,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["If","you","want","to","know","more","about","it",",","watch","part","1","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,6,0]}
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+{"text":"An interesting concept is the Matryoshka brain, a megastructure surrounding a star.","spans":[{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":24,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":81,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":12,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["An","interesting","concept","is","the","Matryoshka","brain",",","a","megastructure","surrounding","a","star","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"If you want us to make more videos, and maybe get your own bird avatar in return, check it out.","spans":[{"end":80,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":17,"token_start":0},{"end":87,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":82,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":90,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":88,"token_end":20,"token_start":20},{"end":94,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":91,"token_end":21,"token_start":21}],"tokens":["If","you","want","us","to","make","more","videos",",","and","maybe","get","your","own","bird","avatar","in","return",",","check","it","out","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,19,5,35,0]}
+{"text":"Are we the only living things in the entire universe?","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":51,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":9,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Are","we","the","only","living","things","in","the","entire","universe","?"],"tags":[21,1,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
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+{"text":"And there are probably trillions and trillions of habitable planets in the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":67,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":9,"token_start":4},{"end":83,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":68,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["And","there","are","probably","trillions","and","trillions","of","habitable","planets","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[0,3,21,13,1,2,2,2,2,2,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But where is it?","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":12,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":10,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":3,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["But","where","is","it","?"],"tags":[0,11,21,1,0]}
+{"text":"Shouldn't the universe be teeming with spaceships?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":21,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2},{"end":24,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":23,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd","start":26,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":48,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["Should","n't","the","universe","be","teeming","with","spaceships","?"],"tags":[15,37,1,2,15,27,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"Let's take a step back.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":22,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","take","a","step","back","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"Basically, everything outside of our direct galactic neighborhood, the so-called local group, is pretty much out of our reach forever, because of the expansion of the universe.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":65,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":8,"token_start":2},{"end":92,"label":"\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed","start":67,"token_end":15,"token_start":10},{"end":96,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":94,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":108,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":97,"token_end":19,"token_start":18},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":109,"token_end":23,"token_start":20},{"end":133,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":126,"token_end":24,"token_start":24},{"end":175,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":135,"token_end":32,"token_start":26}],"tokens":["Basically",",","everything","outside","of","our","direct","galactic","neighborhood",",","the","so","-","called","local","group",",","is","pretty","much","out","of","our","reach","forever",",","because","of","the","expansion","of","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,0,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,39,40,40,40,40,40,0,21,13,14,11,12,12,12,13,0,13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"Even if we had really fast spaceships, it would literally take billions of years to reach these places, traveling through the emptiest areas in the universe.","spans":[{"end":37,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":41,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":47,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":42,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":48,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":62,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":58,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":80,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":14,"token_start":12},{"end":156,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":81,"token_end":27,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["Even","if","we","had","really","fast","spaceships",",","it","would","literally","take","billions","of","years","to","reach","these","places",",","traveling","through","the","emptiest","areas","in","the","universe","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,13,19,5,6,6,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"So, let's focus on the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":2,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":9,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":32,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":8,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["So",",","let","'s","focus","on","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[13,0,19,5,33,34,34,34,34,0]}
+{"text":"The Milky Way is our home galaxy.","spans":[{"end":12,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":15,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":14,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":31,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":6,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["The","Milky","Way","is","our","home","galaxy","."],"tags":[1,2,2,21,11,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"It consists of up to 400 billion stars.","spans":[{"end":1,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u6210\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":2,"token_start":1},{"end":37,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":7,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["It","consists","of","up","to","400","billion","stars","."],"tags":[1,31,32,5,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"That's a lot of stars.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":20,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":7,"token_end":5,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["That","'s","a","lot","of","stars","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Counting one per second, it would take you a hundred lifetimes to count them all.","spans":[{"end":23,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":27,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":25,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":33,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":34,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":42,"label":"\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":39,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":62,"label":"\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed","start":43,"token_end":11,"token_start":9},{"end":80,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":63,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Counting","one","per","second",",","it","would","take","you","a","hundred","lifetimes","to","count","them","all","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,3,15,19,9,7,8,8,1,2,2,2,0]}
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+{"text":"If only 0.1% of those planets harbored life, there would be one million planets with life in the Milky Way.","spans":[{"end":43,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":8,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":45,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":56,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":51,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":59,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":57,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":106,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":21,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["If","only","0.1","%","of","those","planets","harbored","life",",","there","would","be","one","million","planets","with","life","in","the","Milky","Way","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,3,15,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"But wait, there's more.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":17,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":22,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":5,"token_start":5}],"tokens":["But","wait",",","there","'s","more","."],"tags":[0,0,0,3,21,1,0]}
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+{"text":"In the beginning, it would not have been a good place for life, because things exploded a lot.","spans":[{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":2,"token_start":0},{"end":19,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":25,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":21,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":29,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":27,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":34,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":39,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":36,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":61,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":41,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":92,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":64,"token_end":19,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["In","the","beginning",",","it","would","not","have","been","a","good","place","for","life",",","because","things","exploded","a","lot","."],"tags":[13,14,14,0,1,15,37,15,21,11,12,12,12,12,0,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"But after 1 to 2 billion years, the first habitable planets were born.","spans":[{"end":30,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":6,"token_start":1},{"end":59,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":60,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":65,"token_end":13,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["But","after","1","to","2","billion","years",",","the","first","habitable","planets","were","born","."],"tags":[0,13,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,2,2,2,15,29,0]}
+{"text":"Earth is only 4 billion years old, so there have probably been trillions of chances for life to develop on other planets in the past.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":13,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":33,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":14,"token_end":6,"token_start":3},{"end":132,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":38,"token_end":25,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["Earth","is","only","4","billion","years","old",",","so","there","have","probably","been","trillions","of","chances","for","life","to","develop","on","other","planets","in","the","past","."],"tags":[1,21,13,11,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"What would such a civilization look like?","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":31,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":40,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":6,"token_start":6}],"tokens":["What","would","such","a","civilization","look","like","?"],"tags":[11,15,1,2,2,21,11,0]}
+{"text":"There are three categories.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","are","three","categories","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,0]}
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+{"text":"In case you're wondering, we're currently around 0.73 on the scale, and we should reach Type I sometime in the next couple of hundred years.","spans":[{"end":24,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":26,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":31,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":32,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":66,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":13,"token_start":9},{"end":139,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":72,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["In","case","you","'re","wondering",",","we","'re","currently","around","0.73","on","the","scale",",","and","we","should","reach","Type","I","sometime","in","the","next","couple","of","hundred","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,0,1,21,13,11,12,12,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
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+{"text":"An alien race this advanced would probably be godlike to us.","spans":[{"end":26,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":4,"token_start":0},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":28,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":41,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":34,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":44,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":43,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":46,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":58,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":54,"token_end":10,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["An","alien","race","this","advanced","would","probably","be","godlike","to","us","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,15,13,21,11,13,14,0]}
+{"text":"But why should we be able to see such an alien civilization in the first place?","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":8,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":17,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u534a\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":18,"token_end":6,"token_start":4},{"end":32,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":29,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":59,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":33,"token_end":11,"token_start":8},{"end":78,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":60,"token_end":15,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["But","why","should","we","be","able","to","see","such","an","alien","civilization","in","the","first","place","?"],"tags":[0,13,15,1,17,18,18,19,5,6,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"If we were to build generation spaceships that could sustain a population for around 1,000 years, we could colonize the whole galaxy in 2 million years.","spans":[{"end":95,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":15,"token_start":0},{"end":99,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":98,"token_end":17,"token_start":17},{"end":105,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":101,"token_end":18,"token_start":18},{"end":114,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":107,"token_end":19,"token_start":19},{"end":131,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":116,"token_end":22,"token_start":20},{"end":150,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":133,"token_end":26,"token_start":23}],"tokens":["If","we","were","to","build","generation","spaceships","that","could","sustain","a","population","for","around","1,000","years",",","we","could","colonize","the","whole","galaxy","in","2","million","years","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,0,1,15,19,5,6,6,13,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"where are all the aliens?","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":9,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["where","are","all","the","aliens","?"],"tags":[11,21,1,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"This is the Fermi Paradox, and nobody has an answer to it.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":7,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":25,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":8,"token_end":4,"token_start":2},{"end":57,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":31,"token_end":12,"token_start":7}],"tokens":["This","is","the","Fermi","Paradox",",","and","nobody","has","an","answer","to","it","."],"tags":[1,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"But we do have some ideas.","spans":[{"end":6,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":9,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":7,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":25,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["But","we","do","have","some","ideas","."],"tags":[0,1,15,19,5,6,0]}
+{"text":"Let's talk about filters.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":5,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":3,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":24,"label":"\u8865\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["Let","'s","talk","about","filters","."],"tags":[19,5,33,34,34,0]}
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+{"text":"They come in various degrees of scary.","spans":[{"end":3,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":36,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":6,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["They","come","in","various","degrees","of","scary","."],"tags":[1,19,13,14,14,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"One, there are great filters, and we have passed them.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":53,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":11,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["One",",","there","are","great","filters",",","and","we","have","passed","them","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,1,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe it is way harder for complex life to develop than we think.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":11,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":22,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":12,"token_end":4,"token_start":3},{"end":39,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":23,"token_end":7,"token_start":5},{"end":50,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":40,"token_end":9,"token_start":8},{"end":64,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":12,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["Maybe","it","is","way","harder","for","complex","life","to","develop","than","we","think","."],"tags":[13,3,21,11,12,13,14,14,1,2,13,14,14,0]}
+{"text":"The process allowing life to begin hasn't yet been completely figured out, and the conditions required may be really complicated.","spans":[{"end":34,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":5,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":35,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":41,"label":"\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd","start":38,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":45,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":42,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":9,"token_start":9},{"end":61,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":51,"token_end":10,"token_start":10},{"end":69,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd","start":62,"token_end":11,"token_start":11},{"end":73,"label":"\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206","start":70,"token_end":12,"token_start":12},{"end":128,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":79,"token_end":21,"token_start":15}],"tokens":["The","process","allowing","life","to","begin","has","n't","yet","been","completely","figured","out",",","and","the","conditions","required","may","be","really","complicated","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,15,37,13,15,13,29,35,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe in the past, the universe was way more hostile, and only recently have things cooled down to make complex life possible.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":17,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":3,"token_start":1},{"end":31,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":6,"token_start":5},{"end":35,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":32,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":52,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":36,"token_end":10,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":58,"token_end":23,"token_start":13}],"tokens":["Maybe","in","the","past",",","the","universe","was","way","more","hostile",",","and","only","recently","have","things","cooled","down","to","make","complex","life","possible","."],"tags":[13,13,14,14,0,1,2,21,11,12,12,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"This would also mean that we may be unique, or at least one of the first, if not the first, civilization in the entire universe.","spans":[{"end":4,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":10,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":5,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":15,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":11,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":20,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62","start":16,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":127,"label":"\u5bbe\u8bed","start":21,"token_end":27,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","would","also","mean","that","we","may","be","unique",",","or","at","least","one","of","the","first",",","if","not","the","first",",","civilization","in","the","entire","universe","."],"tags":[1,15,13,19,5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0]}
+{"text":"Two, there are great filters, and they are ahead of us.","spans":[{"end":10,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":5,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":11,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":28,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":5,"token_start":4},{"end":54,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":34,"token_end":12,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["Two",",","there","are","great","filters",",","and","they","are","ahead","of","us","."],"tags":[0,0,3,21,1,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"This one would be really, really bad.","spans":[{"end":7,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":13,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":9,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":16,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":15,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":35,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":18,"token_end":7,"token_start":4}],"tokens":["This","one","would","be","really",",","really","bad","."],"tags":[1,2,15,21,11,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe life on our level exists everywhere in the universe, but it gets destroyed when it reaches a certain point, a point that lies ahead of us.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":4,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":24,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":57,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":31,"token_end":9,"token_start":6},{"end":143,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":63,"token_end":28,"token_start":12}],"tokens":["Maybe","life","on","our","level","exists","everywhere","in","the","universe",",","but","it","gets","destroyed","when","it","reaches","a","certain","point",",","a","point","that","lies","ahead","of","us","."],"tags":[13,1,2,2,2,25,13,14,14,14,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"For example, awesome future technology exists, but when activated, it destroys the planet.","spans":[{"end":11,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":1,"token_start":0},{"end":38,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":13,"token_end":5,"token_start":3},{"end":45,"label":"\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570","start":39,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":89,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":51,"token_end":15,"token_start":9}],"tokens":["For","example",",","awesome","future","technology","exists",",","but","when","activated",",","it","destroys","the","planet","."],"tags":[13,14,0,1,2,2,25,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"The last words of every advanced civilization would be, this new device will solve all of our problems once I push this button.","spans":[{"end":44,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":6,"token_start":0},{"end":50,"label":"\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd","start":46,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":53,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":52,"token_end":8,"token_start":8},{"end":125,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":56,"token_end":23,"token_start":10}],"tokens":["The","last","words","of","every","advanced","civilization","would","be",",","this","new","device","will","solve","all","of","our","problems","once","I","push","this","button","."],"tags":[1,2,2,2,2,2,2,15,21,0,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"If this is true, then we are closer to the end than the beginning of human existence.","spans":[{"end":14,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":3,"token_start":0},{"end":20,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":17,"token_end":5,"token_start":5},{"end":23,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":22,"token_end":6,"token_start":6},{"end":27,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":25,"token_end":7,"token_start":7},{"end":83,"label":"\u8868\u8bed","start":29,"token_end":17,"token_start":8}],"tokens":["If","this","is","true",",","then","we","are","closer","to","the","end","than","the","beginning","of","human","existence","."],"tags":[13,14,14,14,0,13,1,21,11,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,0]}
+{"text":"Or, maybe there is an ancient type 3 civilization that monitors the universe, and once a civilization is advanced enough, it gets eliminated in an instant.","spans":[{"end":9,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":4,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":15,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":10,"token_end":3,"token_start":3},{"end":18,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":16,"token_end":4,"token_start":4},{"end":76,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":19,"token_end":13,"token_start":5},{"end":154,"label":"\u5e76\u5217\u53e5","start":82,"token_end":28,"token_start":16}],"tokens":["Or",",","maybe","there","is","an","ancient","type","3","civilization","that","monitors","the","universe",",","and","once","a","civilization","is","advanced","enough",",","it","gets","eliminated","in","an","instant","."],"tags":[0,0,13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,41,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,0]}
+{"text":"Maybe there is something out there that it would be better not to discover.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u72b6\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":11,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":14,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":12,"token_end":2,"token_start":2},{"end":74,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":15,"token_end":13,"token_start":3}],"tokens":["Maybe","there","is","something","out","there","that","it","would","be","better","not","to","discover","."],"tags":[13,3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,0]}
+{"text":"There is no way for us to know.","spans":[{"end":5,"label":"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed","start":0,"token_end":0,"token_start":0},{"end":8,"label":"\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd","start":6,"token_end":1,"token_start":1},{"end":30,"label":"\u4e3b\u8bed","start":9,"token_end":7,"token_start":2}],"tokens":["There","is","no","way","for","us","to","know","."],"tags":[3,21,1,2,2,2,2,2,0]}