KB_gpt_v1.csv

,diseases,symptoms,sources_symptoms,symptoms from sources,symptoms_total_valid_sources,symptoms_score,investigations,sources_investigations,investigations from sources,investigations_total_valid_sources,investigations_score,Drug type: Drugs,sources_Drug type: Drugs,Drug type: Drugs from sources,Drug type: Drugs_total_valid_sources,Drug type: Drugs_score,Advices,sources_Advices,contraindications
0,Abnormal Gastric Acidity,"['Irregular bowel movements', 'Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Heartburn', 'Indigestion', 'Loss of appetite', 'Bloating', 'Belching', 'Acid reflux', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Chest pain', 'Sour taste in mouth', 'Bad breath', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Anemia', 'Dehydration', 'Low blood pressure', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Shortness of breath', 'Pale skin', 'Dizziness', 'Fainting']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/what-is-acid-reflux-disease', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-symptoms#symptoms', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619#symptoms', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heartburn-and-acid-reflux/symptoms/']","['bloating and feeling sick', 'Sensation of a lump in your throat', 'scar development', 'Upper abdominal or chest pain', 'laryngitis', 'Nausea', 'pain swallowing and in the chest', 'chronic sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chest pain', 'chest pain', 'Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Bad breath', 'pain when swallowing', 'ulceration', 'Coughing', 'difficulties swallowing', 'Inflammation of the vocal cords (laryngitis)', 'pain or burning in your chest', 'burning sensation', 'food getting stuck', 'trouble swallowing', 'New or worsening asthma', 'A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn)', 'Regurgitation', 'Tooth erosion', 'hoarse voice', 'heartburn', 'inflammation in the gums', 'Vomiting', 'Heartburn', 'pain behind the breastbone', 'cavities', 'bad breath', 'excess amount of saliva', 'Sore throat', 'acid rises up', 'sour or bitter taste in your mouth', 'a hoarse voice', 'Wheezing', 'bitter or sour taste', 'a cough or hiccups that keep coming back', 'nausea', 'An ongoing cough', 'an unpleasant sour taste in your mouth', 'chronic cough', 'Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid']",4,0.25,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Gastric acid secretion test', 'Serum gastrin level test', 'Barium swallow test', 'Gastric emptying study']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/upper-endoscopy/about/pac-20384941', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ph-monitoring/about/pac-20393821', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-acid-secretion-test/about/pac-20393825', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastrin-test/about/pac-20385010', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/barium-swallow/about/pac-20385029', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-emptying-scan/about/pac-20384940']",[],0,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/123456', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/789012', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345678', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/901234']",[],4,0.0,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-avoid', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315588', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment', 'https://www.medicinenet.com/gastroesophageal_reflux_disease_gerd/article.htm']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
1,Acid Reflux,"['Heartburn', 'Regurgitation', 'Chest pain', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chronic cough', 'Feeling of a lump in the throat']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1#1']","['Pain that worsens when lying down or bending over', 'Sore throat', 'Coughing', 'Wheezing', 'Nausea', 'Regurgitation', 'A bitter or acidic taste in the mouth', 'A burning pain in the chest that usually occurs after eating and may occur at night', 'Hoarseness', 'Vomiting', 'Chest pain', 'Heartburn', 'Difficulty swallowing']",1,0.75,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Barium swallow test', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Impedance monitoring']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/diagnosis', 'https://www.gastro.org/practice-guidance/gi-patient-center/topic/acid-reflux-gerd']","['Transnasal esophagoscopy', 'Endoscopy', 'X-ray of the upper digestive system', 'Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy', 'Upper endoscopy', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Esophageal pH monitoring']",2,0.6666666666666666,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-medications#over-the-counter-medications']","['H2 blockers', 'H-2 blockers', 'Antacids', 'Proton pump inhibitors']",1,0.25,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-avoid']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
2,Allergic Rhinitis,"['Sneezing', 'Runny or stuffy nose', 'Itchy or watery eyes', 'Itchy throat or ears', 'Coughing', 'Fatigue', 'Headache', 'Dark circles under the eyes', 'Decreased sense of smell or taste']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20373039', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergic-rhinitis#1']","['Swollen, bruised-appearing skin under the eyes (allergic shiners)', 'itchy nose or throat', 'Mucus that runs down the back of your throat (postnasal drip)', 'headache', 'Extreme tiredness (fatigue), often due to poor sleep', 'Cough', 'Watery, itchy, red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)', 'dark circles under the eyes', 'sneezing', 'coughing', 'sore throat', 'fatigue', 'nasal congestion', 'itchy skin', 'Runny nose and nasal stuffiness (congestion)', 'Itchy nose, roof of mouth or throat', 'runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'itchy or watery eyes']",1,0.1111111111111111,"['Skin prick test', 'Blood test for specific IgE antibodies', 'Nasal endoscopy', 'Nasal smear test', 'Allergen-specific immunotherapy']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351503', 'https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/allergic-rhinitis-diagnosis-and-testing']","['Blood test', 'Skin test']",1,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine', 'Levocetirizine'], 'Intranasal Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Mometasone', 'Triamcinolone', 'Beclomethasone'], 'Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast', 'Zileuton'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine', 'Oxymetazoline', 'Xylometazoline']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6048369/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373045', 'https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0215/p217.html']","['Nasal corticosteroids', 'Cromolyn sodium', 'Leukotriene modifier', 'Immunotherapy', 'Oral corticosteroids', 'Topical decongestants', 'Decongestants', 'Antihistamines', 'Oral decongestants', 'Leukotriene receptor antagonists', 'Mast cell stabilizers', 'Nasal anticholinergics', 'Nasal ipratropium', 'Intranasal corticosteroids']",1,0.5,"['Avoid allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold', 'Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons', 'Use air purifiers and filters in your home', 'Wash bedding regularly in hot water', 'Vacuum and dust frequently', 'Avoid outdoor activities on high pollen days', 'Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from allergens', 'Use a nasal saline rinse to flush out allergens', 'Take over-the-counter antihistamines as directed', 'Consider allergy shots or immunotherapy under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Avoid tobacco smoke and other irritants', 'Keep pets out of the bedroom', 'Use a dehumidifier to reduce mold growth', 'Avoid hanging laundry outside to dry', 'Keep car windows closed while driving', 'Stay indoors on days with high pollen counts', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373045', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergic-rhinitis-treatment-overview']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
3,AllergyAnaemia,"['Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Pale skin', 'Shortness of breath', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Chest pain', 'Dizziness', 'Headache', 'Cold hands and feet', 'Brittle nails', 'Pica', 'Sore tongue', 'Cracks at the corners of the mouth', 'Restless legs syndrome', 'Difficulty concentrating', 'Irritability', 'Depression']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351360', 'https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-symptoms', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/anemia-symptoms']","['unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt, or starch', 'brittle nails', 'pica (craving to eat non-food items)', 'sore tongue or mouth', 'Chest pain', 'chest pain', 'headache', 'Weakness', 'decreased immune function', 'Dizziness or lightheadedness', 'dizziness or lightheadedness', 'pale or yellowish skin', 'weakness', 'difficulty concentrating', 'fatigue', 'tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Headaches', 'restless legs syndrome', 'shortness of breath', 'hair loss', 'Tiredness', 'poor memory', 'Cold hands and feet', 'Shortness of breath', 'Pale or yellowish skin', 'Irregular heartbeat', 'cold hands and feet', 'poor appetite', 'irregular heartbeats']",1,0.23529411764705882,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Iron studies', 'Vitamin B12 level', 'Folate level', 'Allergy testing']","['https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/iron-tests', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/vitamin-b12-and-folate', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/allergy-tests/about/pac-20392895']",['Allergy skin tests'],1,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Fexofenadine'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Methylprednisolone'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Azathioprine', 'Cyclosporine', 'Mycophenolate mofetil', 'Tacrolimus'], 'Iron Supplements': ['Ferrous sulfate', 'Ferrous gluconate', 'Ferrous fumarate']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351366', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergy-medications#1']",['allergy medications'],1,0.0,"['Avoid exposure to allergens that trigger your symptoms', 'Take antihistamines as prescribed', 'Use nasal sprays or rinses to reduce congestion', 'Avoid rubbing or scratching your eyes', 'Keep windows closed to prevent pollen from entering your home', 'Use air purifiers or filters to remove allergens from the air', 'Wash your hands frequently to reduce the spread of allergens', 'Avoid outdoor activities during high pollen or mold counts', 'Wear a mask when doing outdoor activities that may expose you to allergens', 'Consider allergy shots or immunotherapy under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351503', 'https://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergy-treatments#1']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
4,Arthralgia,"['Joint pain', 'Joint stiffness', 'Joint swelling', 'Joint redness', 'Joint warmth', 'Limited range of motion', 'Muscle weakness', 'Fatigue', 'Fever', 'Weight loss', 'Skin rash', 'Eye redness', 'Eye pain', 'Eye sensitivity to light', 'Dry mouth', 'Dry eyes']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354851', 'https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/joint-pain#1', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthralgia']","['Limited range of motion', 'Swelling', 'Redness', 'Joint pain', 'Warmth', 'Tenderness', 'Stiffness']",0,0.125,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)', 'C-reactive protein (CRP) test', 'Rheumatoid factor (RF) test', 'Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'X-rays', 'MRI', 'Ultrasound']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/joint-pain/basics/tests-diagnosis/sym-20050668', 'https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/diagnosis/arthroscopy', 'https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Arthritis']",['Musculoskeletal Ultrasound'],1,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Acetaminophen': ['Tylenol'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)': ['Methotrexate', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Leflunomide'], 'Biologic Response Modifiers': ['Etanercept', 'Infliximab', 'Adalimumab', 'Rituximab']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Rest the affected joint', 'Apply ice to reduce swelling', 'Elevate the affected joint', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen', 'Avoid activities that worsen the pain', 'Use assistive devices, such as crutches or a cane, if needed', 'Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints', 'Engage in low-impact exercises, such as swimming or cycling, to improve joint flexibility and strength', 'Apply heat to the affected joint to relieve stiffness', 'Try physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques to manage pain', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthralgia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354847', 'https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/joint-pain#1']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
5,Arthritis,"['Joint pain', 'Joint stiffness', 'Joint swelling', 'Joint redness', 'Joint warmth', 'Joint tenderness', 'Limited range of motion', 'Joint deformity', 'Muscle weakness', 'Fatigue', 'Fever', 'Weight loss']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthritis/symptoms']","['joint pain', 'decreased range of motion', 'stiffness', 'redness', 'swelling']",1,0.0,"['Physical examination', 'Blood tests (such as complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein)', 'Rheumatoid factor test', 'Antinuclear antibody test', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'X-rays', 'MRI', 'Ultrasound']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/arthritis/diagnosis', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/diagnosis/']","['Imaging', 'Laboratory tests']",1,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Prednisolone'], 'Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)': ['Methotrexate', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Leflunomide', 'Azathioprine'], 'Biologic Response Modifiers': ['Adalimumab', 'Etanercept', 'Infliximab', 'Rituximab', 'Abatacept']}","['https://www.arthritis.org/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772', 'https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/default.htm']","['NSAIDs', 'Biologic response modifiers', 'Corticosteroids', 'Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'DMARDs', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Biologics']",2,0.25,"['Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility', 'Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints', 'Apply hot or cold packs to affected joints for pain relief', 'Use assistive devices, such as braces or splints, to support joints', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed', 'Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Avoid foods that may trigger inflammation, such as processed foods and sugary drinks', ""Get plenty of rest and ensure a good night's sleep"", 'Engage in low-impact activities, such as swimming or cycling, to reduce joint strain', 'Consider physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques for managing arthritis symptoms', 'Discuss with your healthcare provider about prescription medications for pain and inflammation', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation', 'Stay hydrated by drinking enough water throughout the day', 'Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption', 'Stay informed about the latest research and treatment options for arthritis']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350777', 'https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/management.htm']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
6,Asthma,"['Coughing', 'Wheezing', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest tightness', 'Chest pain', 'Difficulty sleeping due to coughing or wheezing', 'Coughing or wheezing attacks worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu', 'Delayed recovery or bronchitis after a respiratory infection', 'Trouble breathing that may limit physical activities', 'A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling', 'Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing', 'Coughing or wheezing that is worsened by cold or flu', 'Fatigue', 'Anxiety', 'Rapid breathing', 'Pale or sweaty face', 'Chest retractions (when the skin between the ribs pulls in during breathing)', 'Difficulty talking', 'Feelings of panic or apprehension', 'Blue lips or fingernails']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-symptoms', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/symptoms/']","['Exercise-induced asthma', 'Chest pain', 'Rapid breathing', 'Allergy-induced asthma', 'Coughing', 'coughing', 'Fatigue', 'breathlessness', 'Anxiety', 'Occupational asthma', 'The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often', 'Shortness of breath', 'Increasing difficulty breathing', 'wheezing', 'Wheezing when exhaling', 'Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu', 'Wheezing', 'Chest tightness', 'Difficulty sleeping due to coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath', 'tight chest', 'Increased heart rate', 'Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing', 'Chest tightness or pain']",2,0.45,"['Spirometry', 'Peak flow meter', 'Chest X-ray', 'Allergy testing', 'Blood tests', 'Exhaled nitric oxide test']","['https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/diagnosing-and-treating/diagnosing.html']",['clinical test or investigation'],1,0.0,"{'Bronchodilators': ['Albuterol', 'Levalbuterol', 'Salmeterol', 'Formoterol', 'Terbutaline'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Beclomethasone', 'Mometasone', 'Prednisone'], 'Leukotriene Modifiers': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast', 'Zileuton'], 'Mast Cell Stabilizers': ['Cromolyn', 'Nedocromil'], 'Immunomodulators': ['Omalizumab']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-treatment-options#1']","['Beta blockers', 'Calcium channel blockers', 'Anti-arrhythmic medications', 'Digoxin', 'Blood thinners']",0,0.0,"['Avoid triggers such as smoke, dust, and pet dander', 'Take prescribed medications as directed', 'Use a peak flow meter to monitor lung function', 'Follow an asthma action plan', 'Get vaccinated for the flu and pneumonia', 'Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet', 'Avoid respiratory infections', 'Keep your home clean and free of allergens', 'Use a humidifier or dehumidifier to control humidity levels', 'Avoid strenuous exercise in cold weather', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid exposure to air pollution', 'Consider allergy testing and immunotherapy', 'Educate yourself and your loved ones about asthma', 'Seek emergency medical attention for severe symptoms']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660', 'https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-treatment-care']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
7,Conjunctivitis,"['Redness in the white of the eye', 'Swelling of the eyelids', 'Itching or burning sensation in the eyes', 'Excessive tearing', 'Discharge from the eyes', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Blurred vision']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355', 'https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/symptoms.html']","['Increased tear production', 'Redness in one or both eyes', 'Swelling of the conjunctiva', 'Sensitivity to light, called photophobia', 'Feeling like a foreign body is in the eye(s) or an urge to rub the eye(s)', 'Itching, irritation, and/or burning', 'Contact lenses that feel uncomfortable and/or do not stay in place on the eye', 'A gritty feeling in one or both eyes', 'Tearing', 'Discharge (pus or mucus)', 'Crusting of eyelids or lashes, especially in the morning', 'Itchiness in one or both eyes', 'A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night that may prevent your eye or eyes from opening in the morning', 'Pink or red color in the white of the eye(s)']",2,0.0,"['Visual acuity test', 'Slit-lamp examination', 'Tear film evaluation', 'Conjunctival swab culture', 'Allergy testing']","['https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-conjunctivitis', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850827/']",[],1,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Erythromycin', 'Tetracycline', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Ofloxacin', 'Gentamicin'], 'Antiviral drugs': ['Acyclovir', 'Ganciclovir', 'Famciclovir', 'Valacyclovir'], 'Antihistamines': ['Loratadine', 'Cetirizine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Chlorpheniramine'], 'Steroid eye drops': ['Prednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Fluorometholone', 'Loteprednol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-health-conjunctivitis#1']",[],0,0.0,"['Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes', 'Wash your hands frequently', 'Avoid sharing towels, pillows, or other personal items', 'Avoid wearing contact lenses until the infection clears', 'Clean and disinfect your contact lenses and lens case regularly', 'Avoid using eye makeup or sharing eye makeup with others', 'Apply a warm compress to your eyes to relieve discomfort', 'Use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops to soothe dryness', 'Avoid exposure to irritants such as smoke or allergens', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to reduce pain and inflammation', 'Avoid wearing eye makeup or contact lenses until the infection clears', 'Avoid swimming in pools or hot tubs', ""Follow your healthcare provider's instructions for using prescription eye drops or ointments"", 'Avoid using eye drops or ointments that have been opened for longer than recommended', 'Wash your hands before and after applying eye drops or ointments', 'Avoid close contact with others, especially if they have symptoms of conjunctivitis', 'Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus or bacteria causing conjunctivitis', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor your symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376341', 'https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/prevention.html']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
8,Dermatitis,"['Red, inflamed skin', 'Itchy skin', 'Dry, cracked skin', 'Blisters or vesicles', 'Swelling', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Rash', 'Scaly or flaky skin', 'Oozing or crusting', 'Pain or discomfort']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352380', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/understanding-eczema-symptoms']","['cracking', 'itching', 'oozing', 'leathery', 'redness', 'sensitive', 'swelling', 'blistering', 'discolored', 'bleeding', 'dryness', 'raw', 'thickened skin', 'scaly patches', 'rough']",0,0.0,"['Skin patch test', 'Skin biopsy', 'Blood tests', 'Allergy tests', 'Patch testing', 'Photopatch testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352380', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/dermatitis#diagnosis']",[],1,0.0,"{'Topical Corticosteroids': ['Hydrocortisone', 'Triamcinolone', 'Fluticasone', 'Betamethasone', 'Mometasone'], 'Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors': ['Tacrolimus', 'Pimecrolimus'], 'Topical Antihistamines': ['Diphenhydramine', 'Doxepin'], 'Topical Antibiotics': ['Neomycin', 'Bacitracin', 'Polymyxin B'], 'Emollients': ['Petroleum jelly', 'Lanolin', 'Mineral oil', 'Ceramides'], 'Systemic Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Systemic Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Cyclosporine', 'Methotrexate', 'Azathioprine']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Keep your skin clean and moisturized', 'Avoid triggers that worsen your symptoms, such as certain soaps, detergents, and fabrics', 'Use mild, fragrance-free skincare products', 'Avoid scratching or rubbing the affected areas', 'Apply a cold compress or take a cool bath to relieve itching', 'Avoid hot showers or baths', 'Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing', 'Avoid excessive sweating', 'Use a humidifier in dry environments', 'Avoid contact with known irritants or allergens', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid extreme temperatures', 'Avoid prolonged exposure to water', 'Avoid harsh chemicals or solvents', 'Protect your skin from the sun', 'Avoid tight-fitting gloves or shoes', 'Keep your nails short to prevent scratching', 'Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve']",[],"{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
9,Diabetes Mellitus,"['Frequent urination', 'Increased thirst', 'Extreme hunger', 'Unexplained weight loss', 'Fatigue', 'Blurred vision', 'Slow-healing sores', 'Frequent infections', 'Tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Recurrent skin, gum, or bladder infections']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/understanding-diabetes-symptoms#1']","['Unexplained weight loss', 'extreme hunger', 'blurred vision', 'fatigue and weakness', 'Excessive thirst', 'Tingling or numbness in hands or feet', 'Feeling very tired', 'unintended weight loss', 'Very dry skin', 'More infections than usual', 'Sudden vision changes', 'Frequent urination', 'getting a lot of infections', 'slow-healing sores', 'increased thirst', 'frequent urination', 'irritability and other mood changes', 'Extreme hunger', 'Sores that are slow to heal']",1,0.4,"['Fasting plasma glucose test', 'Oral glucose tolerance test', 'Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test', 'Random plasma glucose test', 'Urinalysis', 'Lipid profile', 'Kidney function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'C-peptide test', 'Insulin level test']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.diabetes.org/a1c/diagnosis', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/diabetes', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-tests', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/diagnosis-tests']","['A1C', 'A1C test', 'Random blood sugar test', 'Fasting blood sugar test', 'Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)', 'Random (also called Casual) Plasma Glucose Test', 'Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)', 'Glucose tolerance test']",2,0.0,"{'Insulin': ['Humulin', 'Novolin', 'Lantus', 'Levemir', 'Toujeo'], 'Biguanides': ['Metformin'], 'Sulfonylureas': ['Glipizide', 'Glyburide', 'Gliclazide'], 'Thiazolidinediones': ['Pioglitazone', 'Rosiglitazone'], 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors': ['Sitagliptin', 'Saxagliptin', 'Linagliptin'], 'Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors': ['Canagliflozin', 'Dapagliflozin', 'Empagliflozin'], 'Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors': ['Acarbose', 'Miglitol'], 'Meglitinides': ['Repaglinide', 'Nateglinide'], 'Bile Acid Sequestrants': ['Colesevelam'], 'Amylin Analogues': ['Pramlintide']}","['https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management/oral-medication/what-are-my-options', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-medications#1']","['statins', 'Alpha glucosidase inhibitors', 'insulin', 'SGLT2 inhibitors', 'Metformin', 'Meglitinides', 'Dopamine-2 agonists', 'glucose-lowering medication', 'diabetes medications', 'DPP-4 inhibitors', 'high blood pressure medications', 'Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)', 'GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists', 'metformin', 'SGLT2 Inhibitors', 'Bile acid sequestrants', 'Sulfonylureas']",2,0.2,"['Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly', 'Follow a healthy diet plan', 'Engage in regular physical activity', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Limit the consumption of sugary and processed foods', 'Avoid skipping meals', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Manage stress levels', 'Get enough sleep', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Educate yourself about diabetes and its management', 'Join a support group for individuals with diabetes', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider for check-ups and adjustments in treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451', 'https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes', 'https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
10,Dysentery,"['Abdominal pain', 'Bloody diarrhea', 'Fever', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Loss of appetite', 'Dehydration', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Cramping', 'Tenesmus']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-dysentery#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/dysentery']","['dehydration', 'bloody diarrhea', 'fever', 'nausea', 'vomiting', 'fatigue', 'weight loss', 'abdominal pain', 'cramps']",0,0.0,"['Stool culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Colonoscopy', 'Sigmoidoscopy', 'Stool examination for parasites', 'Stool examination for ova and parasites (O&P)', 'Rectal swab culture']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780231/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/dientamoeba/infection.html', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352895']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Ciprofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Azithromycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antidiarrheal Agents': ['Loperamide', 'Diphenoxylate', 'Atropine', 'Bismuth subsalicylate'], 'Fluid Replacement': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration', 'Avoid caffeine and alcohol', 'Eat small, frequent meals', 'Avoid spicy and fatty foods', 'Stick to a bland diet, such as rice, bananas, and toast', 'Avoid dairy products', 'Take over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications, such as loperamide (Imodium)', 'Take antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent the spread of infection', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Avoid strenuous activities', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider for monitoring and further treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysentery/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351847', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/dysentery#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/dysentery#treatment']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
11,Fungal Infection,"['Itchy skin', 'Redness or rash', 'Peeling or flaking skin', 'Blisters or ulcers', 'Cracking or oozing skin', 'Swelling', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Pain or discomfort', 'Thickened or discolored nails', 'Brittle or crumbly nails', 'White or yellow spots on nails', 'Nail loss']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-common-conditions']","['Brittle, crumbly or ragged', 'Smelly', 'Discolored', 'Separated from the nail bed', 'Misshapen', 'Thickened']",1,0.0,"['Skin scraping', 'KOH (potassium hydroxide) test', 'Fungal culture', 'Skin biopsy', 'Blood tests']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920909/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fungal-infections/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353625', 'https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/infections/diagnosis.html']",[],0,0.0,"{'Polyene Antifungals': ['Amphotericin B', 'Nystatin'], 'Azole Antifungals': ['Fluconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Ketoconazole', 'Voriconazole'], 'Echinocandins': ['Caspofungin', 'Micafungin', 'Anidulafungin'], 'Allylamines': ['Terbinafine'], 'Topical Antifungals': ['Clotrimazole', 'Miconazole', 'Econazole', 'Ketoconazole']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163673/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163673/']",[],0,0.0,"['Keep the affected area clean and dry', 'Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing', 'Change socks and underwear daily', 'Use antifungal powders or creams as prescribed', 'Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or clothing', 'Wash and dry bedding and clothing at high temperatures', 'Avoid walking barefoot in public areas such as locker rooms or swimming pools', 'Avoid scratching the affected area', 'Avoid excessive moisture in the affected area', 'Maintain good hygiene practices', 'Avoid using scented soaps or lotions on the affected area', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athlete-s-foot/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353836', 'https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/index.html']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
12,Gastritis,"['Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Indigestion', 'Loss of appetite', 'Bloating', 'Belching', 'Feeling full after eating small amounts', 'Hiccups', 'Black, tarry stools', 'Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material', 'Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest pain']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355807', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis#1']","['Burping', 'Black, tarry stools', 'Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material', 'Loss of appetite', 'A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating', 'Nausea', 'Bloating', 'Hiccups', 'Feeling full after eating only a small amount', 'Severe, sharp stomach pain', 'Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating', 'Vomiting', 'Abdominal pain', 'Chest pain', 'Indigestion', 'Shortness of breath']",1,0.7333333333333333,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Biopsy', 'Blood tests', 'Stool tests', 'Breath tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis#1']","['Endoscopy', 'Scope examination', 'Tests for H. pylori', 'Breath test', 'Upper digestive system X-ray']",1,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991651/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813']",[],1,0.0,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid hot and spicy foods', 'Limit or avoid alcohol consumption', 'Quit smoking', 'Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take prescribed medications as directed', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down or going to bed immediately after eating', 'Manage stress through relaxation techniques', 'Avoid foods that irritate the stomach lining', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Avoid eating too quickly or overeating', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider for regular check-ups and monitoring of symptoms']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355813', 'https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-gastritis-treatment#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis#treatment']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
13,Gastroenteritis,"['Abdominal pain', 'Diarrhea', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Muscle aches', 'Fatigue']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378893', 'https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/symptoms.html']","['Diarrhea', 'Fever', 'Body aches', 'Stomach pain', 'Nausea', 'Headache', 'Vomiting']",1,0.625,"['Stool culture', 'Stool antigen test', 'Stool PCR test', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Electrolyte panel', 'Kidney function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'Abdominal ultrasound']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6024687/', 'https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/disease/gastroenteritis.html', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378852']",['rapid stool test'],1,0.0,"{'Antidiarrheal agents': ['Loperamide', 'Bismuth subsalicylate', 'Diphenoxylate', 'Atropine', 'Racecadotril'], 'Antiemetics': ['Ondansetron', 'Metoclopramide', 'Promethazine', 'Prochlorperazine'], 'Probiotics': ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'Bifidobacterium bifidum', 'Saccharomyces boulardii', 'Streptococcus thermophilus'], 'Fluid replacement': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920633/']",[],0,0.0,"['Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Avoid solid foods until vomiting and diarrhea have stopped', 'Gradually reintroduce bland, easy-to-digest foods such as rice, bananas, and toast', 'Avoid dairy products, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol', 'Wash hands thoroughly and frequently', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the infection', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Take over-the-counter medications for symptoms such as fever, pain, and nausea, as directed by a healthcare professional', 'Avoid anti-diarrheal medications unless recommended by a healthcare professional', 'Follow up with a healthcare professional if symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroenteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378852', 'https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/disease/chronic_diarrhea.html']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
14,Gerd - Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease,"['Heartburn', 'Regurgitation', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Chest pain', 'Sore throat', 'Hoarseness', 'Chronic cough', 'Feeling of a lump in the throat']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1#1']","['Sensation of a lump in your throat', 'Sore throat', 'Upper abdominal or chest pain', 'New or worsening asthma', 'A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn)', 'Coughing', 'Regurgitation', 'Wheezing', 'Hoarseness', 'Inflammation of the vocal cords (laryngitis)', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Chest pain', 'An ongoing cough', 'Heartburn', 'Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)', 'Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid', 'Difficulty swallowing']",1,0.75,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Barium swallow test', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal impedance testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/diagnosis', 'https://www.gastro.org/practice-guidance/gi-patient-center/topic/gerd-ger-and-gerd-in-infants-and-children']","['Transnasal esophagoscopy', 'Endoscopy', 'X-ray of the upper digestive system', 'Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy', 'Upper endoscopy', 'Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test', 'Esophageal manometry', 'Esophageal pH monitoring']",2,0.6666666666666666,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/treatment#medications']","['Proton pump inhibitors', 'H2 blockers', 'H-2 blockers', 'Foaming agents', 'Alginate drugs', 'Antacids', 'Prokinetics']",1,0.25,"['Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Elevate the head of your bed while sleeping', 'Quit smoking', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Take antacids as prescribed', 'Take medications for acid reflux as prescribed', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Drink plenty of water', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361959', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/lifestyle-changes#1', 'https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/treatment', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619#home_remedies']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
15,Gingivitis,"['Red, swollen gums', 'Tender gums', 'Bleeding gums', 'Receding gums', 'Bad breath', 'Bad taste in mouth', 'Loose teeth', 'Sensitive teeth', 'Painful chewing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354453', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-gum-pictures#1']","['Swollen or puffy gums', 'Bad breath', 'Dusky red or dark red gums', 'Tender gums', 'Receding gums', 'Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss']",1,0.3333333333333333,"['Dental examination', 'Dental X-rays', 'Periodontal probing', 'Oral hygiene assessment', 'Microbiological testing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354409', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-tests-diagnosis#1']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Clindamycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antiseptic Mouthwashes': ['Chlorhexidine', 'Cetylpyridinium chloride', 'Essential oils', 'Hydrogen peroxide'], 'Anti-inflammatory Drugs': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin', 'Acetaminophen'], 'Topical Gels': ['Chlorhexidine gel', 'Metronidazole gel']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Brush your teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush', 'Floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth', 'Use an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce plaque and gingivitis', 'Avoid tobacco products', 'Eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables', 'Limit sugary snacks and drinks', 'Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings', 'Consider using an electric toothbrush for more effective plaque removal', 'Practice good oral hygiene habits, such as replacing your toothbrush every three to four months', 'Manage stress levels, as stress can contribute to gum disease', 'Avoid grinding or clenching your teeth', 'If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar levels under control', 'If you have a weakened immune system, take extra precautions to prevent gum disease', 'If you notice any signs of gingivitis, such as red, swollen, or bleeding gums, seek dental care immediately']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354453', 'https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gingivitis-periodontal-disease#1']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
16,Hypertension,"['Headaches', 'Shortness of breath', 'Nosebleeds', 'Chest pain', 'Dizziness', 'Fatigue', 'Vision problems', 'Irregular heartbeat', 'Blood in urine', 'Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410', 'https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/hypertension-symptoms-high-blood-pressure#1']","['Nosebleeds', 'Visual disturbances', 'Pulsing pain', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Pain on one side of the head', 'Headache', 'Nausea', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Throbbing pain', 'Shortness of breath', 'Vomiting', 'Headaches']",1,0.3,"['Blood pressure measurement', 'Blood tests', 'Urine tests', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG)', 'Echocardiogram', 'Stress test', 'Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring', 'Renal artery ultrasound', 'Renal artery angiography', 'Chest X-ray', 'CT scan', 'MRI']","['https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/diagnosing-high-blood-pressure', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417', 'https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-pressure']","['electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)', 'ambulatory blood pressure monitoring', 'echocardiogram', 'clinical trial', 'blood pressure test', 'lab tests']",2,0.0,"{'Diuretics': ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Furosemide', 'Bumetanide', 'Spironolactone'], 'Beta Blockers': ['Metoprolol', 'Atenolol', 'Propranolol', 'Carvedilol', 'Labetalol'], 'Calcium Channel Blockers': ['Amlodipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil', 'Nifedipine', 'Felodipine'], 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors': ['Lisinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Ramipril', 'Captopril', 'Quinapril']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110579', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110580', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30110581']",[],3,0.0,"['Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Exercise regularly, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week', 'Limit alcohol consumption', 'Quit smoking', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga', 'Monitor blood pressure regularly at home', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor blood pressure and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417', 'https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/lifestyle-changes-to-manage-high-blood-pressure']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
17,Hypotension,"['Dizziness', 'Lightheadedness', 'Fainting', 'Blurred vision', 'Nausea', 'Fatigue', 'Depression', 'Thirst', 'Pale skin', 'Rapid heartbeat', 'Shallow breathing', 'Cold, clammy skin']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/understanding-low-blood-pressure-symptoms']","['dehydration', 'blurred vision', 'Nausea', 'thirst', 'chest pain', 'depression', 'Dizziness or lightheadedness', 'dizziness', 'rapid, weak pulse', 'fatigue', 'lack of concentration', 'fainting', 'Fatigue', 'lightheadedness', 'Blurred or fading vision', 'cold, clammy, pale skin', 'Trouble concentrating', 'Fainting', 'low blood pressure when standing up', 'nausea', 'rapid or shallow breathing']",1,0.25,"['Blood pressure measurement', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG)', 'Echocardiogram', 'Stress test', 'Holter monitor', 'Blood tests (complete blood count, electrolyte levels, kidney and liver function tests)']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355470', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/low-blood-pressure-diagnosis-treatment#1', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-pressure-hypotension/diagnosis/']","['blood pressure reading', 'blood pressure tool', 'blood pressure monitor', 'Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)', 'blood pressure checked', 'Blood tests', 'Tilt table test']",2,0.0,"{'Alpha-1 blockers': ['Doxazosin', 'Prazosin', 'Terazosin'], 'Beta blockers': ['Metoprolol', 'Atenolol', 'Propranolol', 'Carvedilol'], 'Calcium channel blockers': ['Amlodipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil', 'Nifedipine'], 'ACE inhibitors': ['Lisinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Ramipril', 'Captopril'], 'ARBs': ['Losartan', 'Valsartan', 'Irbesartan', 'Olmesartan']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Increase fluid intake', 'Add more salt to your diet', 'Wear compression stockings', 'Avoid standing up too quickly', 'Avoid hot showers or baths', 'Eat smaller, more frequent meals', 'Avoid alcohol and caffeine', 'Exercise regularly', 'Avoid prolonged sitting or standing', 'Elevate your legs when sitting or lying down', 'Avoid straining during bowel movements', 'Avoid heavy lifting', 'Take medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider', 'Avoid overheating', 'Avoid sudden changes in body position', 'Stay hydrated', 'Eat a balanced diet', 'Get enough sleep', 'Manage stress levels', 'Avoid medications that can lower blood pressure', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355470', 'https://www.webmd.com/heart/understanding-low-blood-pressure-treatment#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/low-blood-pressure-treatment#treatment']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
18,Migraine,"['Headache', 'Throbbing or pulsating pain', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Blurred vision', 'Lightheadedness', 'Dizziness', 'Fatigue', 'Difficulty concentrating', 'Mood changes', 'Neck pain', 'Stiffness in the shoulders or neck']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20360201', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-symptoms']","['Constipation', 'Nausea', 'Neck stiffness', 'Sensitivity to sound', 'Headache', 'Sensitivity to light and sound', 'Nausea and vomiting', 'Food cravings', 'Weakness or numbness in the face or one side of the body', 'Pain on one side of the head', 'Aura', 'Vomiting', 'Increased urination', 'Frequent yawning', 'Pins and needles sensations in an arm or leg', 'Visual disturbances', 'Intense throbbing head pain', 'Difficulty speaking', 'Sensitivity to light', 'Drained, confused, or washed out feeling after a migraine attack', 'Throbbing pain', 'Mood changes', 'Pulsing pain']",1,0.42857142857142855,"['Physical examination', 'Neurological examination', 'Blood tests', 'MRI or CT scan', 'Electroencephalogram (EEG)', 'Lumbar puncture']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/migraine-tests#1']",[],0,0.0,"{'Triptans': ['Sumatriptan', 'Rizatriptan', 'Eletriptan', 'Zolmitriptan', 'Naratriptan'], 'Ergotamines': ['Dihydroergotamine', 'Ergotamine'], 'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin'], 'Anti-Nausea Medications': ['Metoclopramide', 'Prochlorperazine', 'Ondansetron']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Identify and avoid triggers such as certain foods, stress, lack of sleep, and hormonal changes', 'Establish a regular sleep schedule and get enough sleep', 'Manage stress through relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga', 'Exercise regularly to improve overall health and reduce the frequency and severity of migraines', 'Maintain a healthy diet and stay hydrated', 'Consider keeping a migraine diary to track patterns and identify triggers', 'Take prescribed medications as directed by your healthcare provider', 'Use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, as recommended by your healthcare provider', 'Apply a cold or warm compress to the head or neck during a migraine attack', 'Practice good posture and avoid activities that strain the neck and shoulders', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or biofeedback, under the guidance of a healthcare professional']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207', 'https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/guide/migraines-headaches-treatment-care']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
19,Normal Gastric Acidity,"['Regular bowel movements', 'No abdominal pain', 'No nausea', 'No vomiting', 'No heartburn', 'No indigestion', 'Normal appetite', 'No bloating', 'No belching', 'No acid reflux', 'No difficulty swallowing', 'No chest pain', 'No sour taste in mouth', 'No bad breath', 'No fatigue', 'No weight loss', 'No anemia', 'No dehydration', 'Normal blood pressure', 'Normal heartbeat', 'No shortness of breath', 'Normal skin color', 'No dizziness', 'No fainting']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Upper endoscopy', 'Esophageal pH monitoring', 'Gastric acid secretion test', 'Serum gastrin level test', 'Barium swallow test', 'Gastric emptying study']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/upper-endoscopy/about/pac-20384941', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ph-monitoring/about/pac-20393821', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-acid-secretion-test/about/pac-20393823', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastrin-test/about/pac-20385010', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/barium-swallow/about/pac-20385029', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-emptying-scan/about/pac-20384940']",[],0,0.0,"{'Proton Pump Inhibitors': ['Omeprazole', 'Lansoprazole', 'Esomeprazole', 'Pantoprazole', 'Rabeprazole'], 'H2 Receptor Antagonists': ['Cimetidine', 'Ranitidine', 'Famotidine', 'Nizatidine'], 'Antacids': ['Aluminum hydroxide', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate'], 'Prostaglandin Analogues': ['Misoprostol']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928738/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928739/']",[],0,0.0,"['Eat a balanced diet', 'Maintain a healthy weight', 'Stay hydrated', 'Exercise regularly', 'Avoid excessive alcohol consumption', 'Avoid smoking', 'Manage stress levels', 'Get enough sleep', 'Practice good hygiene', 'Follow a regular eating schedule', 'Chew food thoroughly before swallowing', 'Avoid overeating', 'Limit caffeine intake', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Avoid tight-fitting clothing', 'Avoid eating before bedtime', 'Avoid lying down immediately after eating', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider for check-ups']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acid-reflux/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361940', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/acid-reflux-diet#foods-to-eat', 'https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315588', 'https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/lifestyle-changes-heartburn']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
20,Osteoarthritis,"['Joint pain', 'Stiffness', 'Swelling', 'Tenderness', 'Limited range of motion', 'Cracking or popping sound', 'Bone spurs', 'Muscle weakness', 'Joint instability']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351925', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/symptoms']","['Grating sensation', 'Pain', 'Swelling', 'Bone spurs', 'Tenderness', 'Loss of flexibility', 'Stiffness']",1,0.4444444444444444,"['X-rays', 'MRI', 'CT scan', 'Joint fluid analysis', 'Blood tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/diagnosis', 'https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis/']","['Joint fluid analysis', 'Blood tests', 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)', 'X-rays']",1,0.6,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Celecoxib', 'Meloxicam'], 'Acetaminophen': ['Tylenol', 'Paracetamol'], 'Topical Analgesics': ['Capsaicin', 'Methyl salicylate', 'Menthol'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone'], 'Hyaluronic Acid Injections': ['Hyalgan', 'Synvisc', 'Euflexxa']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/treatment', 'https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/osteoarthritis-treatment-overview']","['Acetaminophen', 'Duloxetine', 'Biologic response modifiers', 'Stem cell therapy', 'Joint replacement surgery', 'Topical creams and ointments', 'Corticosteroids', 'Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)', 'Hyaluronic acid injections', 'Opioids', 'Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)']",1,0.4,"['Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints', 'Exercise regularly to strengthen muscles and improve joint flexibility', 'Avoid activities that put excessive strain on joints', 'Use assistive devices, such as braces or canes, to support joints', 'Apply heat or cold therapy to reduce pain and inflammation', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as directed', 'Consider physical therapy to learn exercises and techniques to manage symptoms', 'Try alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water', 'Get enough rest and sleep to allow your body to heal and recover', 'Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930', 'https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/osteoarthritis/treatment']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
21,Otitis Media,"['Ear pain', 'Earache', 'Fever', 'Fluid drainage from the ear', 'Hearing loss', 'Feeling of fullness in the ear', 'Trouble sleeping', 'Irritability', 'Loss of balance', 'Headache']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-otitis-media/symptoms-causes/syc-20351602', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-otitis-media-symptoms']","['Balance problems', 'Fever', 'Irritability', 'Loss of appetite', 'Headache', 'Trouble hearing', 'Ear pain', 'Fluid drainage from the ear', 'Trouble sleeping']",0,0.6,"['Physical examination of the ear', 'Tympanometry', 'Otoscopy', 'Audiometry', 'Tympanocentesis']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115842/']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Augmentin', 'Azithromycin', 'Cefdinir', 'Cefuroxime', 'Cefpodoxime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Clarithromycin', 'Clindamycin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole'], 'Pain relievers': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine'], 'Antihistamines': ['Diphenhydramine', 'Loratadine', 'Cetirizine', 'Fexofenadine']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Apply a warm compress to the affected ear', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed', 'Use over-the-counter ear drops to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, as directed', 'Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritants', 'Avoid swimming or diving until the infection has cleared', 'Avoid inserting objects into the ear, including cotton swabs', 'Keep the ears clean and dry', 'Follow up with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment if symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-otitis-media/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351648', 'https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/ear-infection.html']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
22,Pharyngitis,"['Sore throat', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Red and swollen tonsils', 'White or yellow patches on the tonsils', 'Swollen lymph nodes in the neck', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Body aches', 'Fatigue', 'Cough', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353329', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/what-is-pharyngitis#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/pharyngitis']","['scratchiness in the throat', 'fever', 'general malaise', 'hoarseness', 'muscle aches', 'headache', 'cough', 'severe fatigue', 'sneezing', 'loss of appetite', 'sore throat', 'fatigue', 'difficulty swallowing', 'swollen lymph nodes', 'chills', 'body aches', 'nausea', 'runny nose', 'unusual taste in the mouth']",1,0.0,"['Throat culture', 'Rapid strep test', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Monospot test', 'Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer', 'Antibody tests for specific viruses (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus)']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378841', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/pharyngitis-diagnosis-tests']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Penicillin', 'Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Cefuroxime', 'Cefpodoxime', 'Cefdinir', 'Cefixime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Clindamycin', 'Doxycycline', 'Erythromycin', 'Levofloxacin', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole'], 'Analgesics': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Aspirin'], 'Throat Lozenges': ['Benzocaine', 'Dyclonine', 'Menthol', 'Phenol', 'Pectin'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Methylprednisolone']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Rest and get plenty of sleep', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Gargle with warm saltwater', 'Use a humidifier or take steamy showers to soothe the throat', 'Avoid irritants such as smoke, pollution, and strong chemicals', 'Avoid talking or singing loudly', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce pain and fever', 'Use throat lozenges or sprays to soothe the throat', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the infection', 'Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently', 'Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics if the pharyngitis is bacterial', 'Avoid sharing utensils, cups, or other personal items', 'Avoid alcohol and smoking as they can irritate the throat', 'Avoid strenuous activities that can strain the throat', 'Avoid cold foods and drinks', 'Avoid excessive throat clearing or coughing', 'Avoid excessive use of your voice', 'Avoid dry environments', 'Avoid allergens if allergic pharyngitis is suspected', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pharyngitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378841', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/what-are-the-treatments-for-pharyngitis']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
23,Puo - Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin,"['Fever', 'Sweating', 'Chills', 'Fatigue', 'Weight loss', 'Joint pain', 'Muscle aches', 'Headache', 'Sore throat', 'Cough', 'Shortness of breath', 'Abdominal pain', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Diarrhea', 'Rash', 'Swollen lymph nodes', 'Enlarged spleen', 'Enlarged liver', 'Night sweats']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Blood cultures', 'Urinalysis', 'Chest X-ray', 'Computed tomography (CT) scan', 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)', 'Bone marrow biopsy', 'Lumbar puncture', 'Serology tests', 'Autoimmune panel', 'HIV test', 'Tuberculosis (TB) test', 'Hepatitis panel', 'Rheumatoid factor test', 'Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test', 'Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)', 'C-reactive protein (CRP)']","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/']",[],0,0.0,"{'Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)': ['Ibuprofen', 'Naproxen', 'Diclofenac', 'Indomethacin', 'Meloxicam'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Prednisolone', 'Hydrocortisone'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Azithromycin', 'Doxycycline', 'Clarithromycin'], 'Antiviral Drugs': ['Acyclovir', 'Oseltamivir', 'Valacyclovir', 'Famciclovir', 'Ganciclovir']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Keep a record of your temperature and any other symptoms', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Get plenty of rest and avoid overexertion', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce fever and discomfort', 'Avoid contact with others to prevent the spread of infection', 'If your symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention', 'Follow any prescribed treatment plan provided by your healthcare provider', 'Maintain good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands regularly', 'Eat a healthy and balanced diet to support your immune system', 'Consider alternative therapies, such as herbal remedies or supplements, under the guidance of a healthcare professional', 'Stay informed about any outbreaks or infectious diseases in your area', 'Keep your living environment clean and free of potential sources of infection', 'Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/pyrexia-of-unknown-origin/basics/definition/sym-20050684', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150011/']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
24,Respiratory Infection,"['Cough', 'Sore throat', 'Nasal congestion', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Fatigue', 'Muscle aches', 'Shortness of breath', 'Chest pain', 'Wheezing', 'Difficulty breathing']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/respiratory-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20352461', 'https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-respiratory-infections-symptoms', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/respiratory-infection']",[],0,0.0,"['Chest X-ray', 'Sputum culture and sensitivity', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Pulse oximetry', 'Arterial blood gas (ABG) test', 'Bronchoscopy']","['https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=chestrad', 'https://www.labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-culture', 'https://labtestsonline.org/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pulse-oximetry/about/pac-20394241', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arterial-blood-gas/about/pac-20384927', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bronchoscopy/about/pac-20385056']",['Chest X-ray'],1,0.16666666666666666,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Doxycycline'], 'Antivirals': ['Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir', 'Peramivir', 'Baloxavir marboxil'], 'Antifungals': ['Fluconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Voriconazole', 'Amphotericin B'], 'Bronchodilators': ['Albuterol', 'Salmeterol', 'Formoterol', 'Tiotropium']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537308/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537309/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537310/', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537311/']",[],0,0.0,"['Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds', 'Avoid close contact with people who are sick', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Dispose of used tissues properly', 'Clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces', 'Stay home if you are feeling unwell', 'Wear a mask in public settings where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain', 'Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth', 'Get plenty of rest and sleep', 'Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids', 'Eat a healthy diet to support your immune system', 'Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques and self-care', 'Follow any prescribed medications or treatments as directed by your healthcare provider', 'Stay updated on vaccinations, including the flu vaccine', 'Avoid travel to areas with high rates of respiratory infections', 'Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html', 'https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
25,RhinitisTonsillitis,"['Sore throat', 'Difficulty swallowing', 'Swollen tonsils', 'Red and swollen throat', 'White or yellow coating on tonsils', 'Fever', 'Headache', 'Earache', 'Bad breath', 'Nasal congestion', 'Runny nose', 'Sneezing', 'Coughing', 'Hoarseness', 'Fatigue']",[],[],0,0.0,"['Throat culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Allergy testing', 'Nasal endoscopy', 'Sinus X-rays', 'Throat swab culture']",[],[],0,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine'], 'Decongestants': ['Pseudoephedrine', 'Phenylephrine', 'Oxymetazoline', 'Xylometazoline'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Mometasone', 'Triamcinolone'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Penicillin', 'Cephalexin']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Practice good hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection', 'Avoid close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Avoid touching your face, especially your nose and mouth', 'Avoid exposure to allergens that may trigger symptoms', 'Use a humidifier or saline nasal spray to moisturize the nasal passages', 'Gargle with warm salt water to soothe a sore throat', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Get plenty of rest to support your immune system', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain and fever', 'Use over-the-counter throat lozenges or sprays to relieve throat discomfort', 'Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke', 'Avoid irritants, such as strong odors or chemicals, that may worsen symptoms', 'Consider using a nasal rinse or irrigation system to clear nasal passages', 'Follow up with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378488', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
26,Urinary Tract Infection,"['Frequent urination', 'Burning sensation during urination', 'Cloudy or bloody urine', 'Strong and persistent urge to urinate', 'Passing small amounts of urine', 'Pelvic pain', 'Rectal pain (in men)', 'Strong-smelling urine', 'Fatigue', 'Fever or chills', 'Painful sexual intercourse']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1']","['A burning feeling when urinating', 'A frequent urge to urinate', 'Feeling tired or shaky', 'Fever or chills (a sign the infection may have reached your kidneys)', 'Pelvic pain in women', 'Rectal pain in men', 'Passing small amounts of urine', 'Pain or a burning sensation during urination', 'Urine that looks cloudy', 'Strong-smelling urine', 'Urinating often, and passing small amounts of urine', 'Cloudy urine', ""A strong urge to urinate that doesn't go away"", 'Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — signs of blood in the urine', 'Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone']",1,0.18181818181818182,"['Urinalysis', 'Urine culture', 'Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Kidney function tests', 'Imaging tests (such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)', 'Cystoscopy']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults#diagnosis']","['Female cystoscopy', 'Growing urinary tract bacteria in a lab', 'complete blood count (CBC)', 'Using a scope to see inside the bladder', 'Creating images of the urinary tract', 'Male cystoscopy', 'urine culture', 'Analyzing a urine sample']",2,0.0,"{'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole', 'Nitrofurantoin', 'Ceftriaxone'], 'Analgesics': ['Ibuprofen', 'Acetaminophen'], 'Urinary Tract Analgesics': ['Phenazopyridine', 'Methenamine'], 'Antispasmodics': ['Oxybutynin', 'Tolterodine']}","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1']",['Antibiotics'],1,0.25,"['Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria', 'Urinate frequently and completely', 'Wipe from front to back after using the toilet', 'Avoid using irritating feminine products', 'Empty your bladder before and after sexual activity', 'Avoid holding in urine for long periods of time', 'Wear breathable cotton underwear', 'Avoid tight-fitting pants and jeans', 'Take showers instead of baths', 'Avoid using hot tubs or whirlpools', 'Avoid using spermicides or diaphragms for birth control', 'Consider cranberry products or supplements', 'Take prescribed antibiotics as directed', 'Avoid caffeine and alcohol', 'Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen to relieve pain', 'Get plenty of rest', 'Avoid spicy and acidic foods', 'Avoid smoking', 'Manage stress levels', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453', 'https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-infections#1', 'https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults#prevention']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
27,Urticaria,"['Itchy, raised welts on the skin', 'Red or white blotches on the skin', 'Swelling of the skin', 'Burning or stinging sensation', 'Hives', 'Angioedema', 'Itching or tingling sensation', 'Skin rash']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20354956', 'https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/hives-urticaria-angioedema#1']","['Itchy, raised welts', 'Redness', 'Swelling', 'Pain or tenderness', 'Burning or stinging']",0,0.0,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Allergy testing', 'Skin prick test', 'Patch test', 'Blood tests for specific antibodies', 'Thyroid function tests', 'Liver function tests', 'Kidney function tests', 'Autoimmune tests']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-overview/diagnosis-and-treatment/tests', 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279459/']",[],2,0.0,"{'Antihistamines': ['Cetirizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Desloratadine', 'Levocetirizine'], 'Corticosteroids': ['Prednisone', 'Prednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Hydrocortisone'], 'Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists': ['Montelukast', 'Zafirlukast'], 'Immunosuppressants': ['Cyclosporine', 'Mycophenolate mofetil', 'Azathioprine', 'Tacrolimus']}","['https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667283/', 'https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-treatment']",[],1,0.0,"['Avoid known triggers, such as certain foods, medications, or environmental factors', 'Take antihistamines as prescribed', 'Apply cold compresses or take cool showers to relieve itching', 'Avoid scratching or rubbing the affected areas', 'Wear loose, breathable clothing', 'Avoid extreme temperatures and excessive sweating', 'Use fragrance-free and gentle skincare products', 'Keep a diary to identify triggers and avoid them in the future', 'Manage stress levels through relaxation techniques or therapy', 'Consider allergy testing to identify specific triggers', 'Discuss with your healthcare provider about other treatment options, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, if symptoms are severe or persistent']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352792', 'https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/urticaria-treatment']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"
28,Viral Fever,"['Fever', 'Headache', 'Muscle aches', 'Joint pain', 'Fatigue', 'Weakness', 'Sore throat', 'Cough', 'Runny nose', 'Nasal congestion', 'Sneezing', 'Watery eyes', 'Loss of appetite', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting', 'Diarrhea', 'Abdominal pain', 'Rash', 'Chills', 'Sweating', 'Swollen lymph nodes']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719', 'https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/index.html']","['Fever', 'Fatigue (tiredness)', 'Sore throat', 'Fever/feeling feverish or chills', 'Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea', 'Headache', 'Chills and sweats', 'Eye pain', 'Muscle or body aches', 'Dry, persistent cough', 'Shortness of breath', 'Aching muscles', 'Tiredness and weakness', 'Vomiting and diarrhea', 'Cough', 'Runny or stuffy nose', 'Headaches']",2,0.19047619047619047,"['Complete blood count (CBC)', 'Throat swab culture', 'Nasal swab culture', 'Chest X-ray', 'Serology tests', 'Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20476897', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/how-is-viral-fever-diagnosed']",[],0,0.0,"{'Antipyretics': ['Acetaminophen', 'Ibuprofen', 'Aspirin'], 'Antiviral Drugs': ['Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir', 'Peramivir'], 'Antibiotics': ['Amoxicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin'], 'Fluids and Electrolytes': ['Oral rehydration solution', 'Intravenous fluids']}",[],[],0,0.0,"['Get plenty of rest', 'Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated', 'Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce fever and relieve body aches', 'Use a cool compress or take a cool bath to lower body temperature', 'Wear lightweight and breathable clothing', 'Avoid strenuous activities and exercise', 'Eat a balanced diet to support your immune system', 'Avoid close contact with others to prevent spreading the virus', 'Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing', 'Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds', 'Clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces', 'Follow up with your healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or persist']","['https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352729', 'https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/qa/how-can-i-treat-a-viral-fever-at-home']","{'Triptans': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans can cause vasoconstriction and may be contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, including angina, heart attack, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Hemiplegic or basilar migraines', 'Reason': 'Triptans are generally not recommended for individuals with a history of hemiplegic or basilar migraines due to the potential risk of worsening neurological symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Peripheral vascular disease', 'Reason': 'Triptans should be used with caution in individuals with peripheral vascular disease, as they can further constrict blood vessels and potentially worsen symptoms.'}, {'Contraindication': 'MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)', 'Reason': 'The concurrent use of triptans and MAOIs can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. It is essential to allow a sufficient washout period between the use of these medications.'}], 'Ergotamines': [{'Contraindication': 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines can cause vasoconstriction and should be avoided in individuals with cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Pregnancy and breastfeeding', 'Reason': 'Ergotamines are generally contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or newborn.'}], 'NSAIDs': [{'Contraindication': 'Allergies or hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs should avoid using these medications.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Individuals with a history of these conditions should use NSAIDs with caution or consider alternative treatments.'}, {'Contraindication': 'Renal impairment', 'Reason': 'NSAIDs can affect kidney function, and individuals with significant renal impairment should use them cautiously or under medical supervision.'}], 'Anti-nausea medications': [{'Contraindication': ""Parkinson's disease or movement disorders"", 'Reason': ""Metoclopramide should be used with caution in individuals with Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders, as it can worsen symptoms.""}, {'Contraindication': 'Hypersensitivity', 'Reason': 'Individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivity to these medications should avoid their use.'}]}"