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// _ _
// __ _____ __ ___ ___ __ _| |_ ___
// \ \ /\ / / _ \/ _` \ \ / / |/ _` | __/ _ \
// \ V V / __/ (_| |\ V /| | (_| | || __/
// \_/\_/ \___|\__,_| \_/ |_|\__,_|\__\___|
//
// Copyright © 2016 - 2024 Weaviate B.V. All rights reserved.
//
// CONTACT: [email protected]
//
package db
import (
"container/list"
"context"
"encoding/binary"
"math"
"runtime"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/adapters/repos/db/helpers"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/adapters/repos/db/indexcheckpoint"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/adapters/repos/db/priorityqueue"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/adapters/repos/db/vector/hnsw/distancer"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/entities/storagestate"
"github.com/weaviate/weaviate/entities/storobj"
)
// IndexQueue is an in-memory queue of vectors to index.
// It batches vectors together before sending them to the indexing workers.
// It is safe to use concurrently.
type IndexQueue struct {
Shard shardStatusUpdater
Index batchIndexer
shardID string
IndexQueueOptions
// indexCh is the channel used to send vectors to the shared indexing workers.
indexCh chan job
// context used to close pending tasks
// if canceled, prevents new vectors from being added to the queue.
ctx context.Context
cancelFn context.CancelFunc
// tracks the background workers
wg sync.WaitGroup
// queue of not-yet-indexed vectors
queue *vectorQueue
// keeps track of the last call to Push()
lastPushed atomic.Pointer[time.Time]
pqMaxPool *pqMaxPool
checkpoints *indexcheckpoint.Checkpoints
paused atomic.Bool
}
type vectorDescriptor struct {
id uint64
vector []float32
}
type IndexQueueOptions struct {
// BatchSize is the number of vectors to batch together
// before sending them to the indexing worker.
BatchSize int
// IndexInterval is the maximum time to wait before sending
// the pending vectors to the indexing worker.
IndexInterval time.Duration
// Max time a vector can stay in the queue before being indexed.
StaleTimeout time.Duration
// Logger is the logger used by the queue.
Logger logrus.FieldLogger
// Maximum number of vectors to use for brute force search
// when vectors are not indexed.
BruteForceSearchLimit int
}
type batchIndexer interface {
AddBatch(ctx context.Context, id []uint64, vector [][]float32) error
SearchByVector(vector []float32, k int, allowList helpers.AllowList) ([]uint64, []float32, error)
SearchByVectorDistance(vector []float32, dist float32,
maxLimit int64, allow helpers.AllowList) ([]uint64, []float32, error)
DistanceBetweenVectors(x, y []float32) (float32, bool, error)
ContainsNode(id uint64) bool
Delete(id ...uint64) error
DistancerProvider() distancer.Provider
}
type compressedIndexer interface {
Compressed() bool
AlreadyIndexed() uint64
TurnOnCompression(callback func()) error
ShouldCompress() (bool, int)
}
type shardStatusUpdater interface {
compareAndSwapStatus(old, new string) (storagestate.Status, error)
}
func NewIndexQueue(
shardID string,
shard shardStatusUpdater,
index batchIndexer,
centralJobQueue chan job,
checkpoints *indexcheckpoint.Checkpoints,
opts IndexQueueOptions,
) (*IndexQueue, error) {
if opts.Logger == nil {
opts.Logger = logrus.New()
}
opts.Logger = opts.Logger.WithField("component", "index_queue")
if opts.BatchSize == 0 {
opts.BatchSize = 1000
}
if opts.IndexInterval == 0 {
opts.IndexInterval = 1 * time.Second
}
if opts.BruteForceSearchLimit == 0 {
opts.BruteForceSearchLimit = 100_000
}
if opts.StaleTimeout == 0 {
opts.StaleTimeout = 1 * time.Minute
}
q := IndexQueue{
shardID: shardID,
IndexQueueOptions: opts,
Shard: shard,
Index: index,
indexCh: centralJobQueue,
pqMaxPool: newPqMaxPool(0),
checkpoints: checkpoints,
}
q.queue = newVectorQueue(&q)
q.ctx, q.cancelFn = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
if !asyncEnabled() {
return &q, nil
}
q.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer q.wg.Done()
q.indexer()
}()
return &q, nil
}
// Close immediately closes the queue and waits for workers to finish their current tasks.
// Any pending vectors are discarded.
func (q *IndexQueue) Close() error {
// check if the queue is closed
if q.ctx.Err() != nil {
return nil
}
// prevent new jobs from being added
q.cancelFn()
q.wg.Wait()
// loop over the chunks of the queue
// wait for the done chan to be closed
// then return
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
defer cancel()
q.queue.wait(ctx)
return nil
}
// Push adds a list of vectors to the queue.
func (q *IndexQueue) Push(ctx context.Context, vectors ...vectorDescriptor) error {
if ctx.Err() != nil {
return ctx.Err()
}
if q.ctx.Err() != nil {
return errors.New("index queue closed")
}
// store the time of the last push
now := time.Now()
q.lastPushed.Store(&now)
q.queue.Add(vectors)
return nil
}
// Size returns the number of vectors waiting to be indexed.
func (q *IndexQueue) Size() int64 {
var count int64
q.queue.fullChunks.Lock()
e := q.queue.fullChunks.list.Front()
for e != nil {
c := e.Value.(*chunk)
count += int64(c.cursor)
e = e.Next()
}
q.queue.fullChunks.Unlock()
q.queue.curBatch.Lock()
if q.queue.curBatch.c != nil {
count += int64(q.queue.curBatch.c.cursor)
}
q.queue.curBatch.Unlock()
return count
}
// Delete marks the given vectors as deleted.
// This method can be called even if the async indexing is disabled.
func (q *IndexQueue) Delete(ids ...uint64) error {
if !asyncEnabled() {
return q.Index.Delete(ids...)
}
remaining := make([]uint64, 0, len(ids))
indexed := make([]uint64, 0, len(ids))
for _, id := range ids {
if q.Index.ContainsNode(id) {
indexed = append(indexed, id)
// is it already marked as deleted in the queue?
if q.queue.IsDeleted(id) {
q.queue.ResetDeleted(id)
}
continue
}
remaining = append(remaining, id)
}
err := q.Index.Delete(indexed...)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "delete node from index")
}
q.queue.Delete(remaining)
return nil
}
// PreloadShard goes through the LSM store from the last checkpoint
// and enqueues any unindexed vector.
func (q *IndexQueue) PreloadShard(shard ShardLike) error {
if !asyncEnabled() {
return nil
}
// load non-indexed vectors and add them to the queue
checkpoint, err := q.checkpoints.Get(q.shardID)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "get last indexed id")
}
if checkpoint == 0 {
return nil
}
start := time.Now()
maxDocID := shard.Counter().Get()
var counter int
ctx := context.Background()
buf := make([]byte, 8)
for i := checkpoint; i < maxDocID; i++ {
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf, i)
v, err := shard.Store().Bucket(helpers.ObjectsBucketLSM).GetBySecondary(0, buf)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "get last indexed object")
}
if v == nil {
continue
}
obj, err := storobj.FromBinary(v)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "unmarshal last indexed object")
}
id := obj.DocID()
if shard.VectorIndex().ContainsNode(id) {
continue
}
if len(obj.Vector) == 0 {
continue
}
counter++
desc := vectorDescriptor{
id: id,
vector: obj.Vector,
}
err = q.Push(ctx, desc)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
q.Logger.
WithField("checkpoint", checkpoint).
WithField("last_stored_id", maxDocID).
WithField("count", counter).
WithField("took", time.Since(start)).
WithField("shard_id", q.shardID).
Debug("enqueued vectors from last indexed checkpoint")
return nil
}
// Drop removes all persisted data related to the queue.
// It closes the queue if not already.
// It does not remove the index.
// It should be called only when the index is dropped.
func (q *IndexQueue) Drop() error {
_ = q.Close()
if q.checkpoints != nil {
return q.checkpoints.Delete(q.shardID)
}
return nil
}
func (q *IndexQueue) indexer() {
t := time.NewTicker(q.IndexInterval)
workerNb := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0) - 1
for {
select {
case <-t.C:
if q.Size() == 0 {
_, _ = q.Shard.compareAndSwapStatus(storagestate.StatusIndexing.String(), storagestate.StatusReady.String())
continue
}
if q.paused.Load() {
continue
}
status, err := q.Shard.compareAndSwapStatus(storagestate.StatusReady.String(), storagestate.StatusIndexing.String())
if status != storagestate.StatusIndexing || err != nil {
q.Logger.WithField("status", status).WithError(err).Warn("failed to set shard status to 'indexing', trying again in " + q.IndexInterval.String())
continue
}
lastPushed := q.lastPushed.Load()
if lastPushed == nil || time.Since(*lastPushed) > time.Second {
// send at most 2 times the number of workers in one go,
// then wait for the next tick in case more vectors
// are added to the queue
q.pushToWorkers(2*workerNb, false)
} else {
// send only one batch at a time and wait for it to be indexed
// to avoid competing for resources with the Push() method.
// This ensures the resources are used for queueing vectors in priority,
// then for indexing them.
q.pushToWorkers(1, true)
}
q.checkCompressionSettings()
case <-q.ctx.Done():
// stop the ticker
t.Stop()
return
}
}
}
func (q *IndexQueue) pushToWorkers(max int, wait bool) {
chunks := q.queue.borrowChunks(max)
for i, c := range chunks {
select {
case <-q.ctx.Done():
// release unsent borrowed chunks
for _, c := range chunks[i:] {
q.queue.releaseChunk(c)
}
return
case q.indexCh <- job{
chunk: c,
indexer: q.Index,
queue: q.queue,
ctx: q.ctx,
}:
}
}
if wait {
q.queue.wait(q.ctx)
}
}
// SearchByVector performs the search through the index first, then uses brute force to
// query unindexed vectors.
func (q *IndexQueue) SearchByVector(vector []float32, k int, allowList helpers.AllowList) ([]uint64, []float32, error) {
return q.search(vector, -1, k, allowList)
}
// SearchByVectorDistance performs the search through the index first, then uses brute force to
// query unindexed vectors.
func (q *IndexQueue) SearchByVectorDistance(vector []float32, dist float32, maxLimit int64, allowList helpers.AllowList) ([]uint64, []float32, error) {
return q.search(vector, dist, int(maxLimit), allowList)
}
func (q *IndexQueue) search(vector []float32, dist float32, maxLimit int, allowList helpers.AllowList) ([]uint64, []float32, error) {
var indexedResults []uint64
var distances []float32
var err error
if dist == -1 {
indexedResults, distances, err = q.Index.SearchByVector(vector, maxLimit, allowList)
} else {
indexedResults, distances, err = q.Index.SearchByVectorDistance(vector, dist, int64(maxLimit), allowList)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
if !asyncEnabled() {
return indexedResults, distances, nil
}
if q.Index.DistancerProvider().Type() == "cosine-dot" {
// cosine-dot requires normalized vectors, as the dot product and cosine
// similarity are only identical if the vector is normalized
vector = distancer.Normalize(vector)
}
var results *priorityqueue.Queue[any]
var seen map[uint64]struct{}
err = q.queue.Iterate(allowList, func(objects []vectorDescriptor) error {
if results == nil {
results = q.pqMaxPool.GetMax(maxLimit)
seen = make(map[uint64]struct{}, len(indexedResults))
for i := range indexedResults {
seen[indexedResults[i]] = struct{}{}
results.Insert(indexedResults[i], distances[i])
}
}
return q.bruteForce(vector, objects, maxLimit, results, allowList, dist, seen)
})
if results != nil {
defer q.pqMaxPool.Put(results)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
if results == nil {
return indexedResults, distances, nil
}
ids := make([]uint64, results.Len())
dists := make([]float32, results.Len())
i := results.Len() - 1
for results.Len() > 0 {
element := results.Pop()
ids[i] = element.ID
dists[i] = element.Dist
i--
}
return ids, dists, nil
}
func (q *IndexQueue) checkCompressionSettings() {
ci, ok := q.Index.(compressedIndexer)
if !ok {
return
}
shouldCompress, shouldCompressAt := ci.ShouldCompress()
if !shouldCompress || ci.Compressed() {
return
}
if ci.AlreadyIndexed() > uint64(shouldCompressAt) {
q.pauseIndexing()
err := ci.TurnOnCompression(q.resumeIndexing)
if err != nil {
q.Logger.WithError(err).Error("failed to turn on compression")
}
}
}
// pause indexing and wait for the workers to finish their current tasks
// related to this queue.
func (q *IndexQueue) pauseIndexing() {
q.Logger.Debug("pausing indexing, waiting for the current tasks to finish")
q.paused.Store(true)
q.queue.wait(q.ctx)
q.Logger.Debug("indexing paused")
}
// resume indexing
func (q *IndexQueue) resumeIndexing() {
q.paused.Store(false)
q.Logger.Debug("indexing resumed")
}
func (q *IndexQueue) bruteForce(vector []float32, snapshot []vectorDescriptor, k int,
results *priorityqueue.Queue[any], allowList helpers.AllowList,
maxDistance float32, seen map[uint64]struct{},
) error {
for i := range snapshot {
// skip indexed data
if _, ok := seen[snapshot[i].id]; ok {
continue
}
// skip filtered data
if allowList != nil && !allowList.Contains(snapshot[i].id) {
continue
}
v := snapshot[i].vector
if q.Index.DistancerProvider().Type() == "cosine-dot" {
// cosine-dot requires normalized vectors, as the dot product and cosine
// similarity are only identical if the vector is normalized
v = distancer.Normalize(v)
}
dist, _, err := q.Index.DistanceBetweenVectors(vector, v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// skip vectors that are too far away
if maxDistance > 0 && dist > maxDistance {
continue
}
if k < 0 || results.Len() < k || dist < results.Top().Dist {
results.Insert(snapshot[i].id, dist)
if k > 0 {
for results.Len() > k {
results.Pop()
}
}
}
}
return nil
}
type pqMaxPool struct {
pool *sync.Pool
}
func newPqMaxPool(defaultCap int) *pqMaxPool {
return &pqMaxPool{
pool: &sync.Pool{
New: func() interface{} {
return priorityqueue.NewMax[any](defaultCap)
},
},
}
}
func (pqh *pqMaxPool) GetMax(capacity int) *priorityqueue.Queue[any] {
pq := pqh.pool.Get().(*priorityqueue.Queue[any])
if pq.Cap() < capacity {
pq.ResetCap(capacity)
} else {
pq.Reset()
}
return pq
}
func (pqh *pqMaxPool) Put(pq *priorityqueue.Queue[any]) {
pqh.pool.Put(pq)
}
type vectorQueue struct {
IndexQueue *IndexQueue
pool sync.Pool
curBatch struct {
sync.Mutex
c *chunk
}
fullChunks struct {
sync.Mutex
list *list.List
}
deleted struct {
sync.RWMutex
m map[uint64]struct{}
}
}
func newVectorQueue(iq *IndexQueue) *vectorQueue {
q := vectorQueue{
IndexQueue: iq,
pool: sync.Pool{
New: func() any {
buf := make([]vectorDescriptor, iq.BatchSize)
return &buf
},
},
}
q.fullChunks.list = list.New()
q.deleted.m = make(map[uint64]struct{})
return &q
}
func (q *vectorQueue) getBuffer() []vectorDescriptor {
buff := *(q.pool.Get().(*[]vectorDescriptor))
return buff[:q.IndexQueue.BatchSize]
}
func (q *vectorQueue) getFreeChunk() *chunk {
c := chunk{
data: q.getBuffer(),
}
c.indexed = make(chan struct{})
return &c
}
func (q *vectorQueue) wait(ctx context.Context) {
for {
// get first non-closed channel
var ch chan struct{}
q.fullChunks.Lock()
e := q.fullChunks.list.Front()
LOOP:
for e != nil {
c := e.Value.(*chunk)
if c.borrowed {
select {
case <-c.indexed:
default:
ch = c.indexed
break LOOP
}
}
e = e.Next()
}
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
if ch == nil {
return
}
select {
case <-ch:
case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
case <-ctx.Done():
return
}
}
}
func (q *vectorQueue) Add(vectors []vectorDescriptor) {
var full []*chunk
q.curBatch.Lock()
f := q.ensureHasSpace()
if f != nil {
full = append(full, f)
}
for len(vectors) != 0 {
curBatch := q.curBatch.c
n := copy(curBatch.data[curBatch.cursor:], vectors)
curBatch.cursor += n
vectors = vectors[n:]
f := q.ensureHasSpace()
if f != nil {
full = append(full, f)
}
}
q.curBatch.Unlock()
if len(full) > 0 {
q.fullChunks.Lock()
for _, f := range full {
f.elem = q.fullChunks.list.PushBack(f)
}
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
}
}
func (q *vectorQueue) ensureHasSpace() *chunk {
if q.curBatch.c == nil {
q.curBatch.c = q.getFreeChunk()
}
if q.curBatch.c.cursor == 0 {
now := time.Now()
q.curBatch.c.createdAt = &now
}
if q.curBatch.c.cursor < q.IndexQueue.BatchSize {
return nil
}
c := q.curBatch.c
q.curBatch.c = q.getFreeChunk()
now := time.Now()
q.curBatch.c.createdAt = &now
return c
}
func (q *vectorQueue) borrowChunks(max int) []*chunk {
if max <= 0 {
max = math.MaxInt64
}
q.fullChunks.Lock()
var chunks []*chunk
e := q.fullChunks.list.Front()
count := 0
for e != nil && count < max {
c := e.Value.(*chunk)
if !c.borrowed {
count++
c.borrowed = true
chunks = append(chunks, c)
}
e = e.Next()
}
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
if count < max {
var incompleteChunk *chunk
q.curBatch.Lock()
if q.curBatch.c != nil && time.Since(*q.curBatch.c.createdAt) > q.IndexQueue.StaleTimeout && q.curBatch.c.cursor > 0 {
q.curBatch.c.borrowed = true
chunks = append(chunks, q.curBatch.c)
incompleteChunk = q.curBatch.c
q.curBatch.c = nil
}
q.curBatch.Unlock()
// add the incomplete chunk to the full chunks list
if incompleteChunk != nil {
q.fullChunks.Lock()
q.fullChunks.list.PushBack(incompleteChunk)
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
}
}
return chunks
}
func (q *vectorQueue) releaseChunk(c *chunk) {
if c == nil {
return
}
if c.indexed != nil {
close(c.indexed)
}
q.fullChunks.Lock()
if c.elem != nil {
q.fullChunks.list.Remove(c.elem)
}
// reset the chunk to notify the search
// that it was released
c.borrowed = false
c.cursor = 0
c.elem = nil
c.createdAt = nil
c.indexed = nil
data := c.data
c.data = nil
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
if len(data) == q.IndexQueue.BatchSize {
q.pool.Put(&data)
}
}
// persistCheckpoint update the on-disk checkpoint that tracks the last indexed id
// optimistically. It is not guaranteed to be accurate but it is guaranteed to be lower
// than any vector in the queue.
// To calculate the checkpoint, we use the lowest id in the current batch
// minus the number of vectors in the queue (delta), which is capped at 10k vectors.
// The calculation looks like this:
// checkpoint = min(ids) - max(queueSize, 10_000)
func (q *vectorQueue) persistCheckpoint(ids []uint64) {
if len(ids) == 0 {
return
}
q.fullChunks.Lock()
cl := q.fullChunks.list.Len()
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
// get the lowest id in the current batch
var minID uint64
for _, id := range ids {
if minID == 0 || id < minID {
minID = id
}
}
delta := uint64(cl * q.IndexQueue.BatchSize)
// cap the delta to 10k vectors
if delta > 10_000 {
delta = 10_000
}
var checkpoint uint64
if minID > delta {
checkpoint = minID - delta
} else {
checkpoint = 0
}
err := q.IndexQueue.checkpoints.Update(q.IndexQueue.shardID, checkpoint)
if err != nil {
q.IndexQueue.Logger.WithError(err).Error("update checkpoint")
}
}
// Iterate through all chunks in the queue and call the given function.
// Deleted vectors are skipped, and if an allowlist is provided, only vectors
// in the allowlist are returned.
func (q *vectorQueue) Iterate(allowlist helpers.AllowList, fn func(objects []vectorDescriptor) error) error {
buf := q.getBuffer()
defer q.pool.Put(&buf)
var count int
// since chunks can get released concurrently,
// we first get the pointers to all chunks.
// then iterate over them.
// This will not give us the latest data, but
// will prevent us from losing access to the rest
// of the linked list if an intermediate chunk is released.
var elems []*list.Element
q.fullChunks.Lock()
e := q.fullChunks.list.Front()
for e != nil {
elems = append(elems, e)
e = e.Next()
}
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
for i := 0; i < len(elems); i++ {
// we need to lock the list to prevent the chunk from being released
q.fullChunks.Lock()
c := elems[i].Value.(*chunk)
if c.data == nil {
// the chunk was released in the meantime,
// skip it
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
continue
}
buf = buf[:0]
for i := 0; i < c.cursor; i++ {
if allowlist != nil && !allowlist.Contains(c.data[i].id) {
continue
}
if q.IsDeleted(c.data[i].id) {
continue
}
buf = append(buf, c.data[i])
count++
if count >= q.IndexQueue.BruteForceSearchLimit {
break
}
}
q.fullChunks.Unlock()
if len(buf) == 0 {
continue
}
err := fn(buf)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if count >= q.IndexQueue.BruteForceSearchLimit {
break
}
}
if count >= q.IndexQueue.BruteForceSearchLimit {
return nil
}
buf = buf[:0]
q.curBatch.Lock()
if q.curBatch.c != nil {
for i := 0; i < q.curBatch.c.cursor; i++ {
c := q.curBatch.c
if allowlist != nil && !allowlist.Contains(c.data[i].id) {
continue
}
if q.IsDeleted(c.data[i].id) {
continue
}
buf = append(buf, c.data[i])
count++
if count >= q.IndexQueue.BruteForceSearchLimit {
break
}
}
}
q.curBatch.Unlock()
if len(buf) == 0 {
return nil
}
err := fn(buf)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (q *vectorQueue) Delete(ids []uint64) {
q.deleted.Lock()
for _, id := range ids {
q.deleted.m[id] = struct{}{}
}
q.deleted.Unlock()
}
func (q *vectorQueue) IsDeleted(id uint64) bool {
q.deleted.RLock()
_, ok := q.deleted.m[id]
q.deleted.RUnlock()
return ok
}
func (q *vectorQueue) ResetDeleted(id ...uint64) {
q.deleted.Lock()
for _, id := range id {
delete(q.deleted.m, id)
}
q.deleted.Unlock()
}
type chunk struct {
cursor int
borrowed bool
data []vectorDescriptor
elem *list.Element
createdAt *time.Time
indexed chan struct{}
}
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