# Copyright 2020 by Gongfan Fang, Zhejiang University.
# All rights reserved.
# Modified by Botao Ye from https://github.com/VainF/pytorch-msssim/blob/master/pytorch_msssim/ssim.py.
import warnings
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import Tensor


def _fspecial_gauss_1d(size: int, sigma: float) -> Tensor:
    r"""Create 1-D gauss kernel
    Args:
        size (int): the size of gauss kernel
        sigma (float): sigma of normal distribution
    Returns:
        torch.Tensor: 1D kernel (1 x 1 x size)
    """
    coords = torch.arange(size, dtype=torch.float)
    coords -= size // 2

    g = torch.exp(-(coords ** 2) / (2 * sigma ** 2))
    g /= g.sum()

    return g.unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0)


def gaussian_filter(input: Tensor, win: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    r""" Blur input with 1-D kernel
    Args:
        input (torch.Tensor): a batch of tensors to be blurred
        window (torch.Tensor): 1-D gauss kernel
    Returns:
        torch.Tensor: blurred tensors
    """
    assert all([ws == 1 for ws in win.shape[1:-1]]), win.shape
    if len(input.shape) == 4:
        conv = F.conv2d
    elif len(input.shape) == 5:
        conv = F.conv3d
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError(input.shape)

    C = input.shape[1]
    out = input
    for i, s in enumerate(input.shape[2:]):
        if s >= win.shape[-1]:
            out = conv(out, weight=win.transpose(2 + i, -1), stride=1, padding=0, groups=C)
        else:
            warnings.warn(
                f"Skipping Gaussian Smoothing at dimension 2+{i} for input: {input.shape} and win size: {win.shape[-1]}"
            )

    return out


def _ssim(
    X: Tensor,
    Y: Tensor,
    data_range: float,
    win: Tensor,
    size_average: bool = True,
    K: Union[Tuple[float, float], List[float]] = (0.01, 0.03),
    retrun_seprate: bool = False,
) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor | None, Tensor | None, Tensor | None]:
    r""" Calculate ssim index for X and Y

    Args:
        X (torch.Tensor): images
        Y (torch.Tensor): images
        data_range (float or int): value range of input images. (usually 1.0 or 255)
        win (torch.Tensor): 1-D gauss kernel
        size_average (bool, optional): if size_average=True, ssim of all images will be averaged as a scalar
        retrun_seprate (bool, optional): if True, return brightness, contrast, and structure similarity maps as well

    Returns:
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: ssim results.
    """
    K1, K2 = K
    # batch, channel, [depth,] height, width = X.shape
    compensation = 1.0

    C1 = (K1 * data_range) ** 2
    C2 = (K2 * data_range) ** 2

    win = win.to(X.device, dtype=X.dtype)

    mu1 = gaussian_filter(X, win)
    mu2 = gaussian_filter(Y, win)

    mu1_sq = mu1.pow(2)
    mu2_sq = mu2.pow(2)
    mu1_mu2 = mu1 * mu2

    sigma1_sq = compensation * (gaussian_filter(X * X, win) - mu1_sq)
    sigma2_sq = compensation * (gaussian_filter(Y * Y, win) - mu2_sq)
    sigma12 = compensation * (gaussian_filter(X * Y, win) - mu1_mu2)

    cs_map = (2 * sigma12 + C2) / (sigma1_sq + sigma2_sq + C2)  # set alpha=beta=gamma=1
    ssim_map = ((2 * mu1_mu2 + C1) / (mu1_sq + mu2_sq + C1)) * cs_map
    ssim_per_channel = torch.flatten(ssim_map, 2).mean(-1)
    cs = torch.flatten(cs_map, 2).mean(-1)

    brightness = contrast = structure = torch.zeros_like(ssim_per_channel)
    if retrun_seprate:
        epsilon = torch.finfo(torch.float32).eps**2
        sigma1_sq = sigma1_sq.clamp(min=epsilon)
        sigma2_sq = sigma2_sq.clamp(min=epsilon)
        sigma12 = torch.sign(sigma12) * torch.minimum(
            torch.sqrt(sigma1_sq * sigma2_sq), torch.abs(sigma12))

        C3 = C2 / 2
        sigma1_sigma2 = torch.sqrt(sigma1_sq) * torch.sqrt(sigma2_sq)
        brightness_map = (2 * mu1_mu2 + C1) / (mu1_sq + mu2_sq + C1)
        contrast_map = (2 * sigma1_sigma2 + C2) / (sigma1_sq + sigma2_sq + C2)
        structure_map = (sigma12 + C3) / (sigma1_sigma2 + C3)

        contrast_map = contrast_map.clamp(max=0.98)
        structure_map = structure_map.clamp(max=0.98)

        brightness = brightness_map.flatten(2).mean(-1)
        contrast = contrast_map.flatten(2).mean(-1)
        structure = structure_map.flatten(2).mean(-1)

    return ssim_per_channel, cs, brightness, contrast, structure


def ssim(
    X: Tensor,
    Y: Tensor,
    data_range: float = 255,
    size_average: bool = True,
    win_size: int = 11,
    win_sigma: float = 1.5,
    win: Optional[Tensor] = None,
    K: Union[Tuple[float, float], List[float]] = (0.01, 0.03),
    nonnegative_ssim: bool = False,
    retrun_seprate: bool = False,
) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]:
    r""" interface of ssim
    Args:
        X (torch.Tensor): a batch of images, (N,C,H,W)
        Y (torch.Tensor): a batch of images, (N,C,H,W)
        data_range (float or int, optional): value range of input images. (usually 1.0 or 255)
        size_average (bool, optional): if size_average=True, ssim of all images will be averaged as a scalar
        win_size: (int, optional): the size of gauss kernel
        win_sigma: (float, optional): sigma of normal distribution
        win (torch.Tensor, optional): 1-D gauss kernel. if None, a new kernel will be created according to win_size and win_sigma
        K (list or tuple, optional): scalar constants (K1, K2). Try a larger K2 constant (e.g. 0.4) if you get a negative or NaN results.
        nonnegative_ssim (bool, optional): force the ssim response to be nonnegative with relu
        retrun_seprate (bool, optional): if True, return brightness, contrast, and structure similarity maps as well

    Returns:
        torch.Tensor: ssim results
    """
    if not X.shape == Y.shape:
        raise ValueError(f"Input images should have the same dimensions, but got {X.shape} and {Y.shape}.")

    for d in range(len(X.shape) - 1, 1, -1):
        X = X.squeeze(dim=d)
        Y = Y.squeeze(dim=d)

    if len(X.shape) not in (4, 5):
        raise ValueError(f"Input images should be 4-d or 5-d tensors, but got {X.shape}")

    #if not X.type() == Y.type():
    #    raise ValueError(f"Input images should have the same dtype, but got {X.type()} and {Y.type()}.")

    if win is not None:  # set win_size
        win_size = win.shape[-1]

    if not (win_size % 2 == 1):
        raise ValueError("Window size should be odd.")

    if win is None:
        win = _fspecial_gauss_1d(win_size, win_sigma)
        win = win.repeat([X.shape[1]] + [1] * (len(X.shape) - 1))

    ssim_per_channel, cs, brightness, contrast, structure \
        = _ssim(X, Y, data_range=data_range, win=win, size_average=False, K=K, retrun_seprate=retrun_seprate)

    if nonnegative_ssim:
        ssim_per_channel = torch.relu(ssim_per_channel)

    if size_average:
        return ssim_per_channel.mean(), brightness.mean(), contrast.mean(), structure.mean()
    else:
        return ssim_per_channel.mean(1), brightness.mean(1), contrast.mean(1), structure.mean(1)


def ms_ssim(
    X: Tensor,
    Y: Tensor,
    data_range: float = 255,
    size_average: bool = True,
    win_size: int = 11,
    win_sigma: float = 1.5,
    win: Optional[Tensor] = None,
    weights: Optional[List[float]] = None,
    K: Union[Tuple[float, float], List[float]] = (0.01, 0.03)
) -> Tensor:
    r""" interface of ms-ssim
    Args:
        X (torch.Tensor): a batch of images, (N,C,[T,]H,W)
        Y (torch.Tensor): a batch of images, (N,C,[T,]H,W)
        data_range (float or int, optional): value range of input images. (usually 1.0 or 255)
        size_average (bool, optional): if size_average=True, ssim of all images will be averaged as a scalar
        win_size: (int, optional): the size of gauss kernel
        win_sigma: (float, optional): sigma of normal distribution
        win (torch.Tensor, optional): 1-D gauss kernel. if None, a new kernel will be created according to win_size and win_sigma
        weights (list, optional): weights for different levels
        K (list or tuple, optional): scalar constants (K1, K2). Try a larger K2 constant (e.g. 0.4) if you get a negative or NaN results.
    Returns:
        torch.Tensor: ms-ssim results
    """
    if not X.shape == Y.shape:
        raise ValueError(f"Input images should have the same dimensions, but got {X.shape} and {Y.shape}.")

    for d in range(len(X.shape) - 1, 1, -1):
        X = X.squeeze(dim=d)
        Y = Y.squeeze(dim=d)

    #if not X.type() == Y.type():
    #    raise ValueError(f"Input images should have the same dtype, but got {X.type()} and {Y.type()}.")

    if len(X.shape) == 4:
        avg_pool = F.avg_pool2d
    elif len(X.shape) == 5:
        avg_pool = F.avg_pool3d
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Input images should be 4-d or 5-d tensors, but got {X.shape}")

    if win is not None:  # set win_size
        win_size = win.shape[-1]

    if not (win_size % 2 == 1):
        raise ValueError("Window size should be odd.")

    smaller_side = min(X.shape[-2:])
    assert smaller_side > (win_size - 1) * (
        2 ** 4
    ), "Image size should be larger than %d due to the 4 downsamplings in ms-ssim" % ((win_size - 1) * (2 ** 4))

    if weights is None:
        weights = [0.0448, 0.2856, 0.3001, 0.2363, 0.1333]
    weights_tensor = X.new_tensor(weights)

    if win is None:
        win = _fspecial_gauss_1d(win_size, win_sigma)
        win = win.repeat([X.shape[1]] + [1] * (len(X.shape) - 1))

    levels = weights_tensor.shape[0]
    mcs = []
    for i in range(levels):
        ssim_per_channel, cs = _ssim(X, Y, win=win, data_range=data_range, size_average=False, K=K)

        if i < levels - 1:
            mcs.append(torch.relu(cs))
            padding = [s % 2 for s in X.shape[2:]]
            X = avg_pool(X, kernel_size=2, padding=padding)
            Y = avg_pool(Y, kernel_size=2, padding=padding)

    ssim_per_channel = torch.relu(ssim_per_channel)  # type: ignore  # (batch, channel)
    mcs_and_ssim = torch.stack(mcs + [ssim_per_channel], dim=0)  # (level, batch, channel)
    ms_ssim_val = torch.prod(mcs_and_ssim ** weights_tensor.view(-1, 1, 1), dim=0)

    if size_average:
        return ms_ssim_val.mean()
    else:
        return ms_ssim_val.mean(1)


class SSIM(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        data_range: float = 255,
        size_average: bool = True,
        win_size: int = 11,
        win_sigma: float = 1.5,
        channel: int = 3,
        spatial_dims: int = 2,
        K: Union[Tuple[float, float], List[float]] = (0.01, 0.03),
        nonnegative_ssim: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        r""" class for ssim
        Args:
            data_range (float or int, optional): value range of input images. (usually 1.0 or 255)
            size_average (bool, optional): if size_average=True, ssim of all images will be averaged as a scalar
            win_size: (int, optional): the size of gauss kernel
            win_sigma: (float, optional): sigma of normal distribution
            channel (int, optional): input channels (default: 3)
            K (list or tuple, optional): scalar constants (K1, K2). Try a larger K2 constant (e.g. 0.4) if you get a negative or NaN results.
            nonnegative_ssim (bool, optional): force the ssim response to be nonnegative with relu.
        """

        super(SSIM, self).__init__()
        self.win_size = win_size
        self.win = _fspecial_gauss_1d(win_size, win_sigma).repeat([channel, 1] + [1] * spatial_dims)
        self.size_average = size_average
        self.data_range = data_range
        self.K = K
        self.nonnegative_ssim = nonnegative_ssim

    def forward(self, X: Tensor, Y: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ssim(
            X,
            Y,
            data_range=self.data_range,
            size_average=self.size_average,
            win=self.win,
            K=self.K,
            nonnegative_ssim=self.nonnegative_ssim,
        )


class MS_SSIM(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        data_range: float = 255,
        size_average: bool = True,
        win_size: int = 11,
        win_sigma: float = 1.5,
        channel: int = 3,
        spatial_dims: int = 2,
        weights: Optional[List[float]] = None,
        K: Union[Tuple[float, float], List[float]] = (0.01, 0.03),
    ) -> None:
        r""" class for ms-ssim
        Args:
            data_range (float or int, optional): value range of input images. (usually 1.0 or 255)
            size_average (bool, optional): if size_average=True, ssim of all images will be averaged as a scalar
            win_size: (int, optional): the size of gauss kernel
            win_sigma: (float, optional): sigma of normal distribution
            channel (int, optional): input channels (default: 3)
            weights (list, optional): weights for different levels
            K (list or tuple, optional): scalar constants (K1, K2). Try a larger K2 constant (e.g. 0.4) if you get a negative or NaN results.
        """

        super(MS_SSIM, self).__init__()
        self.win_size = win_size
        self.win = _fspecial_gauss_1d(win_size, win_sigma).repeat([channel, 1] + [1] * spatial_dims)
        self.size_average = size_average
        self.data_range = data_range
        self.weights = weights
        self.K = K

    def forward(self, X: Tensor, Y: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ms_ssim(
            X,
            Y,
            data_range=self.data_range,
            size_average=self.size_average,
            win=self.win,
            weights=self.weights,
            K=self.K,
        )