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import math
def euclidean_distance(p1, p2):
"""
Returns the Euclidean distance between two (x, y) points.
"""
return math.sqrt((p1[0] - p2[0]) ** 2 + (p1[1] - p2[1]) ** 2)
def estimate_ball_speed(ball_positions, fps=25, scale=0.01):
"""
Estimates average ball speed in meters/second.
Args:
ball_positions: List of (frame_idx, x, y)
fps: Frame rate of video
scale: Pixel-to-meter conversion (assumed or calibrated)
Returns:
float: estimated speed (m/s)
"""
if len(ball_positions) < 2:
return 0.0
distances = []
for i in range(1, len(ball_positions)):
_, x1, y1 = ball_positions[i - 1]
_, x2, y2 = ball_positions[i]
dist_px = euclidean_distance((x1, y1), (x2, y2))
distances.append(dist_px)
avg_px_per_frame = sum(distances) / len(distances)
speed_m_per_s = avg_px_per_frame * scale * fps
return round(speed_m_per_s, 2)
def frame_to_time(frame_idx, fps):
"""
Converts frame index to timestamp (seconds).
"""
return round(frame_idx / fps, 2)
def format_impact_info(impact_frame, impact_type, fps):
"""
Creates a descriptive impact summary.
"""
time_sec = frame_to_time(impact_frame, fps)
return f"Impact at {time_sec}s on {impact_type.upper()}"
def log(message):
"""
Simple print logger with prefix.
"""
print(f"[LBW-DRS] {message}")
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