def update_elo_ratings(ratings_dataset, winner, loser):
    # Convert the Hugging Face dataset to a pandas DataFrame
    ratings_df = pd.DataFrame(ratings_dataset)

    # Check and add new players if they don't exist in the dataset
    for player in [winner, loser]:
        if player not in ratings_df['bot_name'].values:
            new_player = {'bot_name': player, 'elo_rating': 1200, 'games_played': 0}
            ratings_df = pd.concat([ratings_df, pd.DataFrame([new_player])], ignore_index=True)

    # Function to determine the K-factor based on games played
    def determine_k_factor(games_played):
        # Define K-factor based on number of games played. Adjust these thresholds as needed.
        if games_played < 30:
            return 40
        elif games_played < 100:
            return 20
        else:
            return 10

    # Update games played
    ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == winner, 'games_played'] += 1
    ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == loser, 'games_played'] += 1

    # Extract old ratings and games played
    winner_old_rating = ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == winner, 'elo_rating'].iloc[0]
    loser_old_rating = ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == loser, 'elo_rating'].iloc[0]
    winner_games_played = ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == winner, 'games_played'].iloc[0]
    loser_games_played = ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == loser, 'games_played'].iloc[0]

    # Determine K-factors
    winner_k_factor = determine_k_factor(winner_games_played)
    loser_k_factor = determine_k_factor(loser_games_played)

    # Calculate new ratings
    winner_new_rating, loser_new_rating = elo(winner_old_rating, loser_old_rating, k_factor_winner=winner_k_factor, k_factor_loser=loser_k_factor)

    # Update the DataFrame
    ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == winner, 'elo_rating'] = winner_new_rating
    ratings_df.loc[ratings_df['bot_name'] == loser, 'elo_rating'] = loser_new_rating

    # Convert the DataFrame back to a Hugging Face dataset
    updated_ratings_dataset = Dataset.from_pandas(ratings_df)

    return updated_ratings_dataset