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Update cycle_events.json
Browse files- cycle_events.json +875 -65
cycle_events.json
CHANGED
@@ -1,96 +1,771 @@
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{
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"year": 1776,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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]
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "World War
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"event_ko": "์
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]
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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{
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"cycle": "K-Wave",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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"year": 1973,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "1973
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"event_ko": "1973-75
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "์ธ๊ณ
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},
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year": 2014,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "China
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"event_ko": "์ค๊ตญ
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}
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]
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},
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@@ -179,14 +984,19 @@
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "COVID
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"event_ko": "์ฝ๋ก๋19
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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}
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]
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[
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{
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"year": 1492,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "Christopher Columbusโs voyage to the Americas opens the way for European colonial empires and global trade expansion:contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.",
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"event_ko": "ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํ ํผ ์ฝ๋ผ๋ฒ์ค์ ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ํญํด๋ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏผ ์ ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์ค๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ญ ํ์ฅ์ ๊ธธ์ ์ด์๋ค."
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year": 1588,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "England defeats the Spanish Armada, marking the decline of Spainโs dominance and the rise of British naval power:contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.",
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"event_ko": "1588๋
์๊ธ๋๋๊ฐ ์์คํ๋ ๋ฌด์ ํจ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉํํ์ฌ ์์คํ๋ ํจ๊ถ์ ์ ํด์ ์๊ตญ ํด๊ตฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ ธ๋ค."
|
19 |
+
}
|
20 |
+
]
|
21 |
+
},
|
22 |
+
{
|
23 |
+
"year": 1648,
|
24 |
+
"events": [
|
25 |
+
{
|
26 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
27 |
+
"event_en": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ends the Thirty Yearsโ War, establishing the modern system of sovereign states and curtailing Habsburg hegemony in Europe.",
|
28 |
+
"event_ko": "1648๋
๋ฒ ์คํธํ๋ ์กฐ์ฝ์ผ๋ก 30๋
์ ์์ด ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ ๊ทผ๋ ์ฃผ๊ถ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ฆฝ๋์ด ํฉ์ค๋ถ๋ฅดํฌ ํจ๊ถ์ด ์ต์ ๋์๋ค."
|
29 |
+
}
|
30 |
+
]
|
31 |
+
},
|
32 |
+
{
|
33 |
+
"year": 1688,
|
34 |
+
"events": [
|
35 |
+
{
|
36 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
37 |
+
"event_en": "The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England ensures a constitutional monarchy and ushers in an era of political stability that allows Britainโs rise as a global power.",
|
38 |
+
"event_ko": "1688๋
์๊ตญ์ ๋ช
์ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์
ํ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ฆฝ๋๊ณ ์๊ตญ์ด ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ์์ ์ ํ ๋๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค."
|
39 |
+
}
|
40 |
+
]
|
41 |
+
},
|
42 |
+
{
|
43 |
+
"year": 1707,
|
44 |
+
"events": [
|
45 |
+
{
|
46 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
47 |
+
"event_en": "The Acts of Union 1707 unite England and Scotland into Great Britain, laying the foundation for a unified British state that will dominate world affairs.",
|
48 |
+
"event_ko": "1707๋
์ฐํฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธ๋๋์ ์ค์ฝํ๋๋๊ฐ ๋๋ธ๋ฆฌํผ ์๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ํตํฉ๋์ด ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋์์ ๋จ์ผ ์๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ญํ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ด ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋ค."
|
49 |
+
}
|
50 |
+
]
|
51 |
+
},
|
52 |
+
{
|
53 |
+
"year": 1720,
|
54 |
+
"events": [
|
55 |
+
{
|
56 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
57 |
+
"event_en": "The South Sea Bubble bursts in Britain (alongside Franceโs Mississippi Bubble), collapsing stock prices and ruining investors:contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.",
|
58 |
+
"event_ko": "1720๋
์๊ตญ์์ ๋จํดํ์ฌ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋๊ณ ๋์์ ํ๋์ค์์๋ ๋ฏธ์์ํผ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ํฐ์ง๋ฉด์ ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์๋ง์ ํฌ์์๊ฐ ํ์ฐํ๋ค."
|
59 |
+
}
|
60 |
+
]
|
61 |
+
},
|
62 |
+
{
|
63 |
+
"year": 1757,
|
64 |
+
"events": [
|
65 |
+
{
|
66 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
67 |
+
"event_en": "At the 1757 Battle of Plassey, Britain secures control over Bengal in India, a key step in establishing the British Raj and expanding its colonial hegemony.",
|
68 |
+
"event_ko": "1757๋
ํ๋ผ์ ์ ํฌ์์ ์๊ตญ์ด ๋ฒต๊ณจ ํต์น๊ถ์ ํ๋ณดํ์ฌ ์ธ๋์์ ์๊ตญ๋ น ๋ผ์ง์ ํ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋์ ์ ๊ตญ์ ํ๋์ ์ค์ํ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค."
|
69 |
+
}
|
70 |
+
]
|
71 |
+
},
|
72 |
+
{
|
73 |
+
"year": 1763,
|
74 |
+
"events": [
|
75 |
+
{
|
76 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
77 |
+
"event_en": "An Amsterdam banking crisis in 1763 follows the Seven Yearsโ War, as major lenders collapse and panic spreads to Germany and Scandinavia:contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.",
|
78 |
+
"event_ko": "1763๋
7๋
์ ์ ํ์ ์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์์คํ
๋ฅด๋ด์์ ์ฃผ์ ์ํ๋ค์ด ํ์ฐํ์ฌ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์, ๊ทธ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋
์ผ๊ณผ ์ค์นธ๋๋๋น์๊น์ง ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
79 |
+
}
|
80 |
+
]
|
81 |
+
},
|
82 |
+
{
|
83 |
+
"year": 1769,
|
84 |
+
"events": [
|
85 |
+
{
|
86 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
87 |
+
"event_en": "A speculative frenzy in Indiaโs Bengal region ends with a crash in 1769 (the Bengal Bubble), devastating local trade and credit:contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.",
|
88 |
+
"event_ko": "1769๋
์ธ๋ ๋ฒต๊ณจ ์ง์ญ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ดํ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฑ๋ ๊ฑฐํ ๊ฒฝ์ (๋ฒต๊ณจ ๊ฑฐํ)๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ์ง์ญ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ต์ด ํฐ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์
์๋ค."
|
89 |
+
}
|
90 |
+
]
|
91 |
+
},
|
92 |
+
{
|
93 |
+
"year": 1771,
|
94 |
+
"events": [
|
95 |
+
{
|
96 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
97 |
+
"event_en": "Richard Arkwright opens Cromford Mill, the first water-powered cotton spinning mill, kickstarting the Industrial Revolution:contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.",
|
98 |
+
"event_ko": "1771๋
๋ฆฌ์ฒ๋ ์ํฌ๋ผ์ดํธ๊ฐ ์๊ตญ ํฌ๋กฌํผ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณต์ฅ์ ์ค๋ฆฝํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ์๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณต์ฅ์ด ๊ฐ๋๋๋ฉฐ ์ฐ์
ํ๋ช
์ด ์์๋์๋ค."
|
99 |
+
}
|
100 |
+
]
|
101 |
+
},
|
102 |
+
{
|
103 |
+
"year": 1772,
|
104 |
+
"events": [
|
105 |
+
{
|
106 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
107 |
+
"event_en": "A British credit crisis begins with bank failures in London and Amsterdam, spreading panic across Europe:contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.",
|
108 |
+
"event_ko": "1772๋
๋ฐ๋๊ณผ ์์คํ
๋ฅด๋ด์์ ๋ํ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๋ฉด์ ์์๋ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ์ญ์ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฌ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ๋ค."
|
109 |
+
}
|
110 |
+
]
|
111 |
+
},
|
112 |
{
|
113 |
"year": 1776,
|
114 |
"events": [
|
115 |
{
|
116 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
117 |
+
"event_en": "American colonies declare independence from Britain, inspiring global movements for self-governance:contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.",
|
118 |
+
"event_ko": "1776๋
์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ์๋ฏผ์ง๊ฐ ์๊ตญ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์ธํ์ฌ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์์น์ ๊ณตํ ์ด๋
์ ํ๋ช
์ ์์ง์์ ๊ณ ์ทจํ๋ค."
|
119 |
+
},
|
120 |
+
{
|
121 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
122 |
+
"event_en": "Financing the American Revolutionary War strains European powers; Franceโs 1.3 billion livre support for the rebels helps push the French monarchy toward bankruptcy:contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.",
|
123 |
+
"event_ko": "1776๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์๊ธ ์กฐ๋ฌ๋ก ํ๋์ค๊ฐ 13์ต ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ฅด์ ๋ฌํ๋ ์์ฒญ๋ ๋ถ์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋ ์์ ํ๋์ค ์์ค์ ์ฌ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌํ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
124 |
+
}
|
125 |
+
]
|
126 |
+
},
|
127 |
+
{
|
128 |
+
"year": 1785,
|
129 |
+
"events": [
|
130 |
+
{
|
131 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
132 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1785 hits the early United States, as a post-war credit contraction leads to a sharp economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.",
|
133 |
+
"event_ko": "1785๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์ดํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฉ ์์ถ๊ณผ ๋ํ๋ ์ด์
์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
134 |
+
}
|
135 |
+
]
|
136 |
+
},
|
137 |
+
{
|
138 |
+
"year": 1789,
|
139 |
+
"events": [
|
140 |
+
{
|
141 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
142 |
+
"event_en": "The French Revolution erupts in 1789, overthrowing the monarchy and challenging the old aristocratic order across Europe.",
|
143 |
+
"event_ko": "1789๋
ํ๋์ค ํ๋ช
์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํด ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ด ์์ ์ ์ ๋ณตํ๊ณ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ์ญ์ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋์ ํ๋ ํ๋ช
์ด๋
์ ํ์ฐ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
144 |
+
}
|
145 |
+
]
|
146 |
+
},
|
147 |
+
{
|
148 |
+
"year": 1792,
|
149 |
+
"events": [
|
150 |
+
{
|
151 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
152 |
+
"event_en": "A financial panic strikes in 1792; U.S. Treasury Secretary Hamilton intervenes to stabilize credit in the young American economy:contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.",
|
153 |
+
"event_ko": "1792๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ ์ด๋ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ฅ๊ด ํด๋ฐํด์ด ์์ฅ ์์ ์ ์ํด ๊ฐ์
ํ๋ ๋ฑ ์ ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฒซ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
154 |
+
}
|
155 |
+
]
|
156 |
+
},
|
157 |
+
{
|
158 |
+
"year": 1797,
|
159 |
+
"events": [
|
160 |
+
{
|
161 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
162 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1797 spreads in Britain and the U.S. amid war-driven debt and speculation, causing bank runs and a credit collapse:contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.",
|
163 |
+
"event_ko": "1797๋
์๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ๋ด๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ดํ์ ์ฌํ๋ก ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ํ์ฐ๋์ด ์ํ๋ค์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ ์ ์ฉ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์๋ค."
|
164 |
+
}
|
165 |
+
]
|
166 |
+
},
|
167 |
+
{
|
168 |
+
"year": 1805,
|
169 |
+
"events": [
|
170 |
+
{
|
171 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
172 |
+
"event_en": "Britainโs decisive naval victory over France at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 secures British naval supremacy and frustrates Napoleonโs plans to invade England.",
|
173 |
+
"event_ko": "1805๋
ํธ๋ผํ๊ฐ ํด์ ์์ ์๊ตญ ํด๊ตฐ์ด ๋ํด๋ ์น์ ํจ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉํํ์ฌ ์๊ตญ์ ํด์ ํจ๊ถ์ ๊ตณํ๊ณ ๋ํด๋ ์น์ ์๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต ์ผ๋ง์ ์ข์ ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
174 |
+
}
|
175 |
+
]
|
176 |
+
},
|
177 |
+
{
|
178 |
+
"year": 1807,
|
179 |
+
"events": [
|
180 |
+
{
|
181 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
182 |
+
"event_en": "U.S. President Thomas Jeffersonโs Embargo Act of 1807 stops foreign trade, plunging the American economy, especially port cities, into a severe depression.",
|
183 |
+
"event_ko": "1807๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ ํผ์จ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ์๊ตญยทํ๋์ค์์ ๊ต์ญ์ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ธ์์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋จํ(1807๋
์์ถ์
๊ธ์ง๋ฒ)ํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํญ๊ตฌ ๋์๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
184 |
+
}
|
185 |
+
]
|
186 |
+
},
|
187 |
+
{
|
188 |
+
"year": 1813,
|
189 |
+
"events": [
|
190 |
+
{
|
191 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
192 |
+
"event_en": "Denmark declares state bankruptcy in 1813 after war expenses, illustrating the sovereign debt crises of the Napoleonic era:contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.",
|
193 |
+
"event_ko": "1813๋
๋ํด๋ ์น ์ ์์ผ๋ก ์ธํ ์ฌ์ ์
ํ๋ก ๋ด๋งํฌ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ํด๋ ์น ์๋์ ๋น๋ฐํ ์ฃผ๊ถ ์ฑ๋ฌด ์๊ธฐ์ ํ ์ฌ๋ก์๋ค."
|
194 |
+
}
|
195 |
+
]
|
196 |
+
},
|
197 |
+
{
|
198 |
+
"year": 1815,
|
199 |
+
"events": [
|
200 |
+
{
|
201 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
202 |
+
"event_en": "The Congress of Vienna reorganizes Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, establishing a balance of power that ushers in a century of relative peace:contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.",
|
203 |
+
"event_ko": "1815๋
๋น ํ์๊ฐ ๋ํด๋ ์น ์ ์ ํ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์ฌํธํ์ฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ท ํ์ ํ๋ฆฝํ๊ณ 1์ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ์๋์ ํํ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ด์๋ค."
|
204 |
+
}
|
205 |
+
]
|
206 |
+
},
|
207 |
+
{
|
208 |
+
"year": 1818,
|
209 |
+
"events": [
|
210 |
+
{
|
211 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
212 |
+
"event_en": "A post-World War I recession (1918โ1921) strikes as wartime demand ends and economies struggle to retool for peace:contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.",
|
213 |
+
"event_ko": "1918๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๊ณ ์ ์ ์์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ค์ด 1921๋
๊น์ง ์ด์ด์ง๋ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
214 |
+
}
|
215 |
+
]
|
216 |
+
},
|
217 |
+
{
|
218 |
+
"year": 1819,
|
219 |
+
"events": [
|
220 |
+
{
|
221 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
222 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1819, the first major U.S. economic depression after the War of 1812, leads to bank failures and high unemployment:contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.",
|
223 |
+
"event_ko": "1819๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณตํฉ(1819๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ํ ํ์ฐ๊ณผ ์ค์
์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
224 |
+
}
|
225 |
+
]
|
226 |
+
},
|
227 |
+
{
|
228 |
+
"year": 1821,
|
229 |
+
"events": [
|
230 |
+
{
|
231 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
232 |
+
"event_en": "Spainโs New World empire collapses as Mexico and others in Latin America gain independence, ending Spanish colonial hegemony in the Americas:contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.",
|
233 |
+
"event_ko": "1821๋
๋ฉ์์ฝ ๋ฑ ๋ผํด์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ์์คํ๋์ ์ ๋๋ฅ ์ ๊ตญ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ์์ ์์คํ๋ ํจ๊ถ์ด ์ข
์ธ์ ๊ณ ํ๋ค."
|
234 |
+
}
|
235 |
+
]
|
236 |
+
},
|
237 |
+
{
|
238 |
+
"year": 1823,
|
239 |
+
"events": [
|
240 |
+
{
|
241 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
242 |
+
"event_en": "The United States proclaims the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, warning European powers against further colonization in the Americas and asserting a hemispheric influence.",
|
243 |
+
"event_ko": "1823๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋จผ๋ก ๋
ํธ๋ฆฐ์ ์ ํฌํ์ฌ ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์ถ๊ฐ ์๋ฏผ์ง ๊ฐ์ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ํ๊ณ ์๋ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ฒ๋ช
ํ๋ค."
|
244 |
+
}
|
245 |
+
]
|
246 |
+
},
|
247 |
+
{
|
248 |
+
"year": 1825,
|
249 |
+
"events": [
|
250 |
+
{
|
251 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
252 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England:contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.",
|
253 |
+
"event_ko": "1825๋
์๊ตญ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋์ถ ๊ณผ์ด ๋์ ์๋์ํ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ชฐ๋ฆด ์ ๋์ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ(1825๋
๊ณตํฉ)๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ๋ค์์ ์ํ์ด ๋์ฐํ๋ค."
|
254 |
+
}
|
255 |
+
]
|
256 |
+
},
|
257 |
+
{
|
258 |
+
"year": 1837,
|
259 |
+
"events": [
|
260 |
+
{
|
261 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
262 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1837 triggers a collapse in U.S. banks and a five-year depression in the American economy:contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.",
|
263 |
+
"event_ko": "1837๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์คํจ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ก ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ(1837๋
๊ณตํฉ)๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ๊ณ 5๋
์ ๊ฑธ์น ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
264 |
+
}
|
265 |
+
]
|
266 |
+
},
|
267 |
+
{
|
268 |
+
"year": 1847,
|
269 |
+
"events": [
|
270 |
+
{
|
271 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
272 |
+
"event_en": "A financial panic in 1847 follows the end of Britainโs railway boom, causing a credit crunch and economic slump:contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.",
|
273 |
+
"event_ko": "1847๋
์๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ ํฌ์ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๊บผ์ง๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์(1847๋
๊ณตํฉ)ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋น์ด์ก๋ค."
|
274 |
+
}
|
275 |
+
]
|
276 |
+
},
|
277 |
+
{
|
278 |
+
"year": 1848,
|
279 |
+
"events": [
|
280 |
+
{
|
281 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
282 |
+
"event_en": "Revolutionary uprisings across Europe in 1848 shake the continentโs old regimes with demands for liberal reforms and national self-determination.",
|
283 |
+
"event_ko": "1848๋
์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ์ง์์ ๋์๋ค๋ฐ์ ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์์ ์ฃผ์์ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ๋คํ๋ค์์ผ๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ์ง์๋์๋ค."
|
284 |
+
}
|
285 |
+
]
|
286 |
+
},
|
287 |
+
{
|
288 |
+
"year": 1854,
|
289 |
+
"events": [
|
290 |
+
{
|
291 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
292 |
+
"event_en": "A brief recession in 1854 interrupts the expansion of the 1850s, as declining international demand and monetary tightening slow the U.S. economy.",
|
293 |
+
"event_ko": "1854๋
๊ตญ์ ์์ ๋ํ์ ํตํ ๊ธด์ถ ๋ฑ์ ์ฌํ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ผ์ ํํดํ์ฌ 1850๋
๋ ์ค๋ฐ์ ๋จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
294 |
+
}
|
295 |
+
]
|
296 |
+
},
|
297 |
+
{
|
298 |
+
"year": 1857,
|
299 |
+
"events": [
|
300 |
+
{
|
301 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
302 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1857, a global financial crash originating in the U.S., leads to widespread bank failures and an economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.",
|
303 |
+
"event_ko": "1857๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์์๋ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ(1857๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๊ณ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ํญ๋ฝํ์ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
304 |
+
},
|
305 |
+
{
|
306 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
307 |
+
"event_en": "Following a brief boom, the global Panic of 1857 ends years of expansion, with the failure of banks and collapse of grain prices affecting both the U.S. and Europe.",
|
308 |
+
"event_ko": "1857๋
์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ ์ดํ ์ด์ด์ง ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์๋
๊ฐ ํธํฉ์ด ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ ํด๊ณ ์ ๋ํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค."
|
309 |
+
}
|
310 |
+
]
|
311 |
+
},
|
312 |
+
{
|
313 |
+
"year": 1865,
|
314 |
+
"events": [
|
315 |
+
{
|
316 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
317 |
+
"event_en": "A crash in 1865 devastates the economy of colonial India following speculative excess during the American Civil War boom:contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.",
|
318 |
+
"event_ko": "1865๋
๋จ๋ถ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ์ธ๋ ๋ญ๋ฐ์ด์์ ๊ณผ์ด๋์๋ ๋ฉดํ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์์ฅ์ด ๋ถ๊ดดํ์ฌ ์ธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ง๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ํ์ด ํ์ฐํ๋ค."
|
319 |
+
}
|
320 |
+
]
|
321 |
+
},
|
322 |
+
{
|
323 |
+
"year": 1866,
|
324 |
+
"events": [
|
325 |
+
{
|
326 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
327 |
+
"event_en": "The collapse of Overend, Gurney & Co. in 1866 sparks an international financial panic, prompting lender-of-last-resort interventions:contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}.",
|
328 |
+
"event_ko": "1866๋
์๊ตญ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ธ์ต์ฌ ์ค๋ฒ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋๊ฐ ํ์ฐํ์ฌ ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต์์ฅ์ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ์๊ณ , ์๋์ํ์ด ์ตํ์ ๋๋ถ์๋ก ๊ฐ์
ํ๋ ๊ทผ๋์ ์๊ธฐ ๋์์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
329 |
+
}
|
330 |
+
]
|
331 |
+
},
|
332 |
+
{
|
333 |
+
"year": 1868,
|
334 |
+
"events": [
|
335 |
+
{
|
336 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
337 |
+
"event_en": "Japanโs Meiji Restoration in 1868 begins the rapid modernization and emergence of Japan as an industrial and military power in Asia.",
|
338 |
+
"event_ko": "1868๋
์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฉ์ด์ง ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฒํฉ ์ค์ฌ ํต์น๊ฐ ๋ถํํ๊ณ ๊ธ์ํ ๊ทผ๋ํ๊ฐ ์ถ์ง๋์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์์์์ ์ ํฅ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค."
|
339 |
+
}
|
340 |
+
]
|
341 |
+
},
|
342 |
+
{
|
343 |
+
"year": 1869,
|
344 |
+
"events": [
|
345 |
+
{
|
346 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
347 |
+
"event_en": "Speculators Jay Gould and James Fiskโs attempt to corner the U.S. gold market ends in \"Black Friday\" panic when prices collapse.",
|
348 |
+
"event_ko": "1869๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ด ๊ตด๋์ ์ ์์ค ํผ์คํฌ๊ฐ ๊ธ ์์ฅ์ ๋งค์ ํ๋ ค๋ค \"๊ฒ์ ๊ธ์์ผ\" ์ฌํ๋ก ๊ธ๊ฐ์ด ํญ๋ฝํ๋ฉด์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ํฐ์ก๋ค."
|
349 |
+
}
|
350 |
+
]
|
351 |
+
},
|
352 |
+
{
|
353 |
+
"year": 1871,
|
354 |
+
"events": [
|
355 |
+
{
|
356 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
357 |
+
"event_en": "Prussiaโs victory in the Franco-Prussian War leads to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871, creating a new great power in Europe.",
|
358 |
+
"event_ko": "1871๋
ํ๋ก์ด์ผ-ํ๋์ค ์ ์์์ ํ๋ก์ด์ผ์ด ์น๋ฆฌํ ํ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ฌ์ ์์ ๋
์ผ ์ ๊ตญ์ด ์ ํฌ๋์ด ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ๋ณํํ๋ค."
|
359 |
+
}
|
360 |
+
]
|
361 |
+
},
|
362 |
+
{
|
363 |
+
"year": 1873,
|
364 |
+
"events": [
|
365 |
+
{
|
366 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
367 |
+
"event_en": "A major stock market panic in 1873 triggers the Long Depression, a prolonged worldwide economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:31]{index=31}.",
|
368 |
+
"event_ko": "1873๋
๋น์๋ ์ฆ์ ๋ถ๊ดด์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฐ๋ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ก ๋ฒ์ ธ 1870๋
๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ(์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ถํฉ)์ ์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค."
|
369 |
+
},
|
370 |
+
{
|
371 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
372 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1873 in the U.S. and Europe marks the start of a worldwide depression (โLong Depressionโ) lasting over two decades:contentReference[oaicite:32]{index=32}.",
|
373 |
+
"event_ko": "1873๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋ถ๋์ ์ํ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฐ๋ ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์์ญ ๋
๊ฐ ์ง์๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋ช์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
374 |
+
}
|
375 |
+
]
|
376 |
+
},
|
377 |
+
{
|
378 |
+
"year": 1875,
|
379 |
+
"events": [
|
380 |
+
{
|
381 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
382 |
+
"event_en": "Andrew Carnegie opens the Edgar Thomson Steel Works, launching large-scale steel production and the age of heavy engineering:contentReference[oaicite:33]{index=33}.",
|
383 |
+
"event_ko": "1875๋
์ค๋๋ฃจ ์นด๋ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํผ์ธ ๋ฒ๊ทธ์ ์๋๊ฑฐ ํฐ์จ ์ ์ฒ ์๋ฅผ ์ด์ด ๋๊ท๋ชจ ๊ฐ์ฒ ์์ฐ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ด์๊ณ ์ค๊ณต์
๋ฐ์ ์ ํ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค."
|
384 |
+
}
|
385 |
+
]
|
386 |
+
},
|
387 |
+
{
|
388 |
+
"year": 1882,
|
389 |
+
"events": [
|
390 |
+
{
|
391 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
392 |
+
"event_en": "The Paris Bourse crash of 1882 triggers a French banking crisis after the collapse of an investment bank involved in speculative ventures.",
|
393 |
+
"event_ko": "1882๋
ํ๋์ค์์ ๋ํ ํฌ์์ํ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๊ถ๊ฑฐ๋์(ํ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฅด์ค)๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดดํ์ฌ ๋ฒจ ์ํฌํฌ๊ธฐ ํ๋์ค ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
394 |
+
}
|
395 |
+
]
|
396 |
+
},
|
397 |
+
{
|
398 |
+
"year": 1884,
|
399 |
+
"events": [
|
400 |
+
{
|
401 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
402 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1884 hits U.S. financial markets, temporarily halting the economic recovery during the Long Depression:contentReference[oaicite:34]{index=34}.",
|
403 |
+
"event_ko": "1884๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฆ๊ถํฌ์์ฌ๋ค์ ๋ถ์ค์ด ๋๋ฌ๋ ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์์ง ํ๋ณต ์ค์ด๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ถํฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ ํ ์ฐจ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํํด๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค."
|
404 |
+
}
|
405 |
+
]
|
406 |
+
},
|
407 |
+
{
|
408 |
+
"year": 1885,
|
409 |
+
"events": [
|
410 |
+
{
|
411 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
412 |
+
"event_en": "European powers formalize the \"Scramble for Africa\" at the 1884โ85 Berlin Conference, establishing colonial spheres of influence across the continent.",
|
413 |
+
"event_ko": "1884-85๋
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ํ์์์ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ด ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝํ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ถํ ์ ๊ณต์ํํ์ฌ ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ ์ ์ญ์ ์๋ฏผ์ง๋ก ๋๋์ด ๊ฐ์ก๋ค."
|
414 |
+
}
|
415 |
+
]
|
416 |
+
},
|
417 |
+
{
|
418 |
+
"year": 1890,
|
419 |
+
"events": [
|
420 |
+
{
|
421 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
422 |
+
"event_en": "Londonโs Baring Brothers bank nearly collapses in 1890 due to Argentine debt exposure, sparking an international financial crisis averted by Bank of England intervention.",
|
423 |
+
"event_ko": "1890๋
์๊ตญ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ง์ค ์ํ์ด ์๋ฅดํจํฐ๋ ์ฑ๊ถ ๋ถ์ค๋ก ํ์ฐ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋์ํ์ ๊ฐ์
์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊น์ค๋ก ์์ต๋์๋ค."
|
424 |
+
}
|
425 |
+
]
|
426 |
+
},
|
427 |
+
{
|
428 |
+
"year": 1893,
|
429 |
+
"events": [
|
430 |
+
{
|
431 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
432 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1893 causes a severe recession in the United States, with the collapse of railroads and banks and high unemployment:contentReference[oaicite:35]{index=35}.",
|
433 |
+
"event_ko": "1893๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ ๋์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ(1893๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ๊ณผ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ์ค์
์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋น์ด์ก๋ค."
|
434 |
+
}
|
435 |
+
]
|
436 |
+
},
|
437 |
+
{
|
438 |
+
"year": 1899,
|
439 |
+
"events": [
|
440 |
+
{
|
441 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
442 |
+
"event_en": "Europeโs new common currency, the euro, debuts in 1999, uniting 11 nations under one monetary system and reshaping international finance.",
|
443 |
+
"event_ko": "1999๋
์ ๋ฝ 11๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋จ์ผ ํตํ ์ ๋กํ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ํตํ ๋๋งน์ ์ถ๋ฒ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ 2์ ๊ธฐ์ถํตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์งํ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ค."
|
444 |
+
}
|
445 |
+
]
|
446 |
+
},
|
447 |
+
{
|
448 |
+
"year": 1901,
|
449 |
+
"events": [
|
450 |
+
{
|
451 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
452 |
+
"event_en": "A stock frenzy surrounding the Northern Pacific Railway leads to the Panic of 1901 on Wall Street, one of the first 20th-century stock market crashes.",
|
453 |
+
"event_ko": "1901๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋
ธ๋ํผ์ํฝ ์ฒ ๋ ์ง๋ถ ๊ฒฝ์์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ๋ฝํ๋ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 1901๋
๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์๊ฐ์ ํ๋์ ์๋ฏธ์ ์ฒซ ์ฃผ์์์ฅ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
454 |
+
}
|
455 |
+
]
|
456 |
+
},
|
457 |
+
{
|
458 |
+
"year": 1905,
|
459 |
+
"events": [
|
460 |
+
{
|
461 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
462 |
+
"event_en": "Japanโs victory in the 1905 Russo-Japanese War signals the rise of a non-Western power and the weakening of Czarist Russiaโs influence in Asia.",
|
463 |
+
"event_ko": "1905๋
๋ฌ์ผ ์ ์์์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์น๋ฆฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์๊ตฌ ์ด๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฉํํ๊ณ ์ฐจ๋ฅด ๋ฌ์์์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฝํ๋์๋ค."
|
464 |
+
}
|
465 |
+
]
|
466 |
+
},
|
467 |
+
{
|
468 |
+
"year": 1907,
|
469 |
+
"events": [
|
470 |
+
{
|
471 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
472 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1907 sees a run on banks in the U.S., leading to a stock market crash and the creation of the Federal Reserve System as a response:contentReference[oaicite:36]{index=36}.",
|
473 |
+
"event_ko": "1907๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋ค์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ด ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์(1907๋
๊ณตํฉ)ํ์ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๊ณ , ์ดํ ์ฐ์ค ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค."
|
474 |
+
}
|
475 |
+
]
|
476 |
+
},
|
477 |
+
{
|
478 |
+
"year": 1911,
|
479 |
+
"events": [
|
480 |
+
{
|
481 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
482 |
+
"event_en": "The Xinhai Revolution in 1911 topples Chinaโs Qing Dynasty, ending thousands of years of imperial rule and leading to the founding of the Republic of China.",
|
483 |
+
"event_ko": "1911๋
์ ํดํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ค๊ตญ ์ฒญ๋๋ผ๊ฐ ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ 2์ฒ ๋
์ด์ ์ด์ด์ง ์ ๊ตญ ํต์น๊ฐ ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋์ด ์คํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ด ์๋ฆฝ๋์๋ค."
|
484 |
+
}
|
485 |
+
]
|
486 |
+
},
|
487 |
+
{
|
488 |
+
"year": 1913,
|
489 |
+
"events": [
|
490 |
+
{
|
491 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
492 |
+
"event_en": "The U.S. Federal Reserve Act is signed, establishing a central bank (Federal Reserve) amid a financial recession to stabilize the economy:contentReference[oaicite:37]{index=37}.",
|
493 |
+
"event_ko": "1913๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค๋น๋ฒ์ ํต๊ณผ์์ผ ์ค์์ํ์ธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค๋น์ ๋(์ฐ์ค)๋ฅผ ์ค๋ฆฝํ์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ๋น์ ์งํ ์ค์ด๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด ์์์ ๊ธ์ต ์์ ์ ๋๋ชจํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค."
|
494 |
+
}
|
495 |
+
]
|
496 |
+
},
|
497 |
+
{
|
498 |
+
"year": 1914,
|
499 |
+
"events": [
|
500 |
{
|
501 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
502 |
+
"event_en": "World War I erupts, shattering the century-long international order established after the Napoleonic Wars:contentReference[oaicite:38]{index=38}.",
|
503 |
+
"event_ko": "1914๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ 19์ธ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ์ง์๋ ๊ตญ์ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ค."
|
504 |
+
},
|
505 |
+
{
|
506 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
507 |
+
"event_en": "The outbreak of World War I in 1914 forces the closure of stock markets (Financial Crisis of 1914) as investors panic and gold hoarding ensues.",
|
508 |
+
"event_ko": "1914๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฐ๋ก ์ธ๊ณ ๊ธ์ต์์ฅ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฅ์ณ ์ฃผ์๊ตญ๋ค์ด ๊ธ๋ณธ์๋ฅผ ์ผ์ ์ค์งํ๊ณ ์ฆ๊ถ ๊ฑฐ๋์๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
509 |
}
|
510 |
]
|
511 |
},
|
512 |
{
|
513 |
+
"year": 1917,
|
514 |
"events": [
|
515 |
{
|
516 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
517 |
+
"event_en": "Russiaโs Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 establishes the first communist state, withdrawing Russia from WWI and igniting a global ideological struggle.",
|
518 |
+
"event_ko": "1917๋
๋ฌ์์์์ ๋ณผ์
ฐ๋นํค ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ๊ณต์ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ(์๋น์ํธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ)๊ฐ ์๋ฆฝ๋๋ฉด์ ์๋ณธ์ฃผ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ด๋
์ ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๋์๋ค."
|
519 |
}
|
520 |
]
|
521 |
},
|
522 |
{
|
523 |
+
"year": 1918,
|
524 |
+
"events": [
|
525 |
+
{
|
526 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
527 |
+
"event_en": "A post-World War I recession (1918โ1921) strikes as wartime demand ends and economies struggle to retool for peace:contentReference[oaicite:39]{index=39}.",
|
528 |
+
"event_ko": "1918๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๊ณ ์ ์ ์์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ค์ด 1921๋
๊น์ง ์ด์ด์ง๋ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
529 |
+
}
|
530 |
+
]
|
531 |
+
},
|
532 |
+
{
|
533 |
+
"year": 1920,
|
534 |
+
"events": [
|
535 |
+
{
|
536 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
537 |
+
"event_en": "The 1920โ21 recession, triggered by tight monetary policy after World War I, causes sharp deflation and unemployment in the U.S.:contentReference[oaicite:40]{index=40}.",
|
538 |
+
"event_ko": "1920๋
~21๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฐ์ค์ ๊ธด์ถ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ด์ด ์ง์ ๋๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค."
|
539 |
+
}
|
540 |
+
]
|
541 |
+
},
|
542 |
+
{
|
543 |
+
"year": 1923,
|
544 |
"events": [
|
545 |
{
|
546 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
547 |
+
"event_en": "Germany experiences hyperinflation in 1923, rendering its currency nearly worthless and destabilizing the post-WWI European economy.",
|
548 |
+
"event_ko": "1923๋
๋
์ผ์์ ํ์ดํผ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ํํ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ฌํ ํผ๋์ด ์ด๋๋์ด ์ ์ ํ ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ค๋ ธ๋ค."
|
549 |
}
|
550 |
]
|
551 |
},
|
552 |
{
|
553 |
+
"year": 1929,
|
554 |
"events": [
|
555 |
{
|
556 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
557 |
+
"event_en": "The Wall Street Crash of 1929 wipes out billions in wealth and sparks the Great Depression, a decade-long global economic collapse:contentReference[oaicite:41]{index=41}.",
|
558 |
+
"event_ko": "1929๋
์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์์์ฅ ๋ถ๊ดด(๋๊ณตํฉ์ ์์)๋ก ์์กฐ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ด ์ฆ๋ฐํ์๊ณ , ์ ์ธ๊ณ๊ฐ 10๋
๊ฐ ์ง์๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ๊ดด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
559 |
}
|
560 |
]
|
561 |
},
|
562 |
{
|
563 |
+
"year": 1933,
|
564 |
+
"events": [
|
565 |
+
{
|
566 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
567 |
+
"event_en": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt takes the U.S. off the gold standard in 1933 and declares a bank holiday to halt bank runs during the Great Depression.",
|
568 |
+
"event_ko": "1933๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฃจ์ค๋ฒจํธ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ๊ธ๋ณธ์์ ๋ฅผ ํ์งํ๊ณ ์ํ ํด์
๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ค ๋๊ณตํฉ๊ธฐ ์ฐ์ด์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ ๋ง๋ ๋ฑ ๊ธ์ต ์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋จํํ๋ค."
|
569 |
+
}
|
570 |
+
]
|
571 |
+
},
|
572 |
+
{
|
573 |
+
"year": 1937,
|
574 |
"events": [
|
575 |
{
|
576 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
577 |
+
"event_en": "The โRoosevelt Recessionโ of 1937โ38 interrupts the New Deal recovery, with U.S. industrial output falling and unemployment rising again:contentReference[oaicite:42]{index=42}.",
|
578 |
+
"event_ko": "1937๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ด๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ํ ์ค ์ ๋ถ ์ง์ถ ์ถ์์ ๊ธด์ถ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋ฑ์ธ๊ฐ ๊บพ์ฌ 1937-38๋
์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ(๋ฃจ์ฆ๋ฒจํธ ๋ถํฉ)์ด ๋ค์ ์ฐพ์์ ์ฐ์
์์ฐ์ด ๊ธ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ค์
์ด ์ฌ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ค."
|
579 |
}
|
580 |
]
|
581 |
},
|
582 |
{
|
583 |
+
"year": 1939,
|
584 |
"events": [
|
585 |
{
|
586 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
587 |
+
"event_en": "Nazi Germanyโs invasion of Poland in 1939 sparks World War II as Britain and France declare war on Germany, marking the start of the deadliest conflict in history.",
|
588 |
+
"event_ko": "1939๋
๋์น ๋
์ผ์ ํด๋๋ ์นจ๊ณต์ผ๋ก ์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋์ ์๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ๋์ค๊ฐ ๋
์ผ์ ์ ์ ํฌ๊ณ ํ์๊ณ , ์ธ๋ฅ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฐธํนํ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ์ ์์ด ์์๋์๋ค."
|
589 |
}
|
590 |
]
|
591 |
},
|
592 |
{
|
593 |
+
"year": 1941,
|
594 |
+
"events": [
|
595 |
+
{
|
596 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
597 |
+
"event_en": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 brings the United States into World War II, decisively turning the conflict into a truly global war.",
|
598 |
+
"event_ko": "1941๋
12์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ง์ฃผ๋ง์ ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ ์ฐธ์ ํ์ฌ ์ ์์ด ์ง์ ํ ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์ ์์์ผ๋ก ์น๋ฌ์๋ค."
|
599 |
+
}
|
600 |
+
]
|
601 |
+
},
|
602 |
+
{
|
603 |
+
"year": 1944,
|
604 |
"events": [
|
605 |
{
|
606 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
607 |
+
"event_en": "Allied nations sign the Bretton Woods Agreement, creating the IMF and World Bank and shaping a new international financial order:contentReference[oaicite:43]{index=43}.",
|
608 |
+
"event_ko": "1944๋
๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ํ์์์ ๊ตญ์ ํตํ๊ธฐ๊ธ(IMF)๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณ์ํ์ด ์ฐฝ์ค๋๊ณ ์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ์ค์ฌ์ ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต์ง์๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ๋์๋ค."
|
609 |
+
}
|
610 |
+
]
|
611 |
+
},
|
612 |
+
{
|
613 |
+
"year": 1945,
|
614 |
+
"events": [
|
615 |
+
{
|
616 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
617 |
+
"event_en": "World War II ends with the United States emerging as a leading superpower, ushering in an American-led global order:contentReference[oaicite:44]{index=44}.",
|
618 |
+
"event_ko": "1945๋
์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ์ข
์ ๋๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋์ ์ธ ์ด๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ ํ๋ฆฝ๋์๋ค."
|
619 |
},
|
620 |
{
|
621 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
622 |
+
"event_en": "The end of World War II leads to demobilization and brief economic turmoil as millions of soldiers return to civilian life.",
|
623 |
+
"event_ko": "1945๋
์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฐ์์ฐ์
์ด ๊ธ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ฒ๋ง ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณต๊ทํ๋ฉด์ ์ผ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํผ๋๊ณผ ์ค์
์ฆ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ ๊ณง ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ก์ ์ ํ์ด ์งํ๋์๋ค."
|
624 |
}
|
625 |
]
|
626 |
},
|
627 |
{
|
628 |
+
"year": 1947,
|
629 |
+
"events": [
|
630 |
+
{
|
631 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
632 |
+
"event_en": "Bell Labs invents the transistor, revolutionizing electronics and ushering in the modern Information Age:contentReference[oaicite:45]{index=45}.",
|
633 |
+
"event_ko": "1947๋
๋ฒจ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์์ ํธ๋์ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ช
๋์ด ์ ์๊ณตํ์ ํ๋ช
์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ฉฐ ํ๋ ์ ๋ณดํ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ด ๋์๋ค."
|
634 |
+
},
|
635 |
+
{
|
636 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
637 |
+
"event_en": "The United States launches the Marshall Plan in 1947, pumping billions into Europeโs reconstruction and solidifying U.S. economic leadership in the West.",
|
638 |
+
"event_ko": "1947๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ง์
ํ๋์ ์ํํ์ฌ ์์ ๋ฝ์ ์ ํ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ง๋ํ ์์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์๋ฐฉ ์ง์์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฃผ๋๊ถ์ ํ๊ณ ํ ํ๋ค."
|
639 |
+
}
|
640 |
+
]
|
641 |
+
},
|
642 |
+
{
|
643 |
+
"year": 1948,
|
644 |
+
"events": [
|
645 |
+
{
|
646 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
647 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1948โ49 hits the United States as postwar consumer demand cools and factories retool from wartime production, raising unemployment until the Korean War stimulates recovery.",
|
648 |
+
"event_ko": "1948-49๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์์๊ฐ ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ ํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์์ผ๋, 1950๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ณต๋์๋ค."
|
649 |
+
}
|
650 |
+
]
|
651 |
+
},
|
652 |
+
{
|
653 |
+
"year": 1949,
|
654 |
"events": [
|
655 |
{
|
656 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
657 |
+
"event_en": "Mao Zedong proclaims the Peopleโs Republic of China, creating a socialist state that soon begins to emerge as a global power:contentReference[oaicite:46]{index=46}.",
|
658 |
+
"event_ko": "1949๋
๋ง์ค์ฉ๋ฅ์ด ์คํ์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ๊ตญ ์๋ฆฝ์ ์ ํฌํ์ฌ ์ค๊ตญ์ ์ฌํ์ฃผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ก ์ฌํธํ์๊ณ ์ค๊ตญ์ ์ดํ ์ธ๊ณ์ ๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค."
|
659 |
},
|
660 |
+
{
|
661 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
662 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1948โ49 hits the United States as postwar consumer demand cools and factories retool from wartime production, raising unemployment until the Korean War stimulates recovery.",
|
663 |
+
"event_ko": "1948-49๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์์๊ฐ ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ ํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์์ผ๋, 1950๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ณต๋์๋ค."
|
664 |
+
}
|
665 |
+
]
|
666 |
+
},
|
667 |
+
{
|
668 |
+
"year": 1950,
|
669 |
+
"events": [
|
670 |
+
{
|
671 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
672 |
+
"event_en": "The Korean War erupts in 1950 as North Korea invades South Korea, leading to a U.S.-led UN intervention and a proxy conflict of the Cold War.",
|
673 |
+
"event_ko": "1950๋
๋ถํ์ ๋จ์นจ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ตญ์ ์์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ์๊ตฐ์ด ๊ฐ์
ํ๊ณ ์ดํ ์ค๊ตญ๊ตฐ์ด ์ฐธ์ ํ์ฌ ํ๋ฐ๋๊ฐ ๋์ ์ ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๋ค."
|
674 |
+
}
|
675 |
+
]
|
676 |
+
},
|
677 |
+
{
|
678 |
+
"year": 1953,
|
679 |
+
"events": [
|
680 |
+
{
|
681 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
682 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1953โ54 follows the Korean War, as U.S. defense spending drops and unemployment climbs.",
|
683 |
+
"event_ko": "1953๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ข
์ ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์ง์ถ ๊ฐ์์ ์ํฅ์ผ๋ก 1953-54๋
์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํํด๊ฐ ๋ํ๋ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ด ์์นํ๋ค."
|
684 |
+
}
|
685 |
+
]
|
686 |
+
},
|
687 |
+
{
|
688 |
+
"year": 1956,
|
689 |
+
"events": [
|
690 |
+
{
|
691 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
692 |
+
"event_en": "The 1956 Suez Crisis sees Britain and Franceโs failed attempt to seize the Suez Canal, marking the end of Britainโs role as a global imperial power.",
|
693 |
+
"event_ko": "1956๋
์ด์งํธ์ ์์์ฆ ์ดํ ๊ตญ์ ํ์ ์๊ตญยทํ๋์คยท์ด์ค๋ผ์์ด ๊ตฐ์ฌ๊ฐ์
ํ์ผ๋ ๊ตญ์ ์๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ฒ ๊ตฐํ๋ฉด์ ์๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ๋์ค์ ์ ๊ตญ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ์ํ ์ฝํ๋์๋ค."
|
694 |
+
}
|
695 |
+
]
|
696 |
+
},
|
697 |
+
{
|
698 |
+
"year": 1957,
|
699 |
+
"events": [
|
700 |
+
{
|
701 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
702 |
+
"event_en": "The Treaty of Rome is signed in 1957, establishing the European Economic Community and marking a milestone in postwar economic integration.",
|
703 |
+
"event_ko": "1957๋
3์ ๋ก๋ง ์กฐ์ฝ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋ฝ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณต๋์ฒด(EEC)๊ฐ ์ถ๋ฒํ์ฌ ์ ํ ์์ ๋ฝ ๊ฒฝ์ ํตํฉ์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ๋์๋ค."
|
704 |
+
}
|
705 |
+
]
|
706 |
+
},
|
707 |
+
{
|
708 |
+
"year": 1958,
|
709 |
+
"events": [
|
710 |
+
{
|
711 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
712 |
+
"event_en": "The 1958 recession hits the United States, marked by a sharp downturn in industrial production and the highest unemployment since the 1930s.",
|
713 |
+
"event_ko": "1958๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์กฐ์
์์ฐ ๊ธ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ค์
๋ฅ ๊ธ๋ฑ์ ๋๋ฐํ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ 1930๋
๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ ์ดํ ์ต์
์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์๋ค."
|
714 |
+
}
|
715 |
+
]
|
716 |
+
},
|
717 |
+
{
|
718 |
+
"year": 1960,
|
719 |
+
"events": [
|
720 |
+
{
|
721 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
722 |
+
"event_en": "A brief recession in 1960โ61 slows growth in the U.S., contributing to John F. Kennedyโs narrow election victory.",
|
723 |
+
"event_ko": "1960๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ํฌ์ ์์ถ๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ ํด ๋์ ์์ ์กด F. ์ผ๋ค๋์ ์น๋ฆฌ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋ค."
|
724 |
+
}
|
725 |
+
]
|
726 |
+
},
|
727 |
+
{
|
728 |
+
"year": 1962,
|
729 |
+
"events": [
|
730 |
+
{
|
731 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
732 |
+
"event_en": "In the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and Soviet Union come perilously close to nuclear war, before a negotiated withdrawal defuses the situation.",
|
733 |
+
"event_ko": "1962๋
์ฟ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์ฌ์ผ ์๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์๋ จ์ด ํต์ ์ ์ง์ ๊น์ง ๊ฐ์ง๋ง ํ์์ ํตํด ์๋ จ์ด ๋ฏธ์ฌ์ผ์ ์ฒ ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํด์๋์๊ณ ์ดํ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ธด์ฅ ์ํ์ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค."
|
734 |
+
}
|
735 |
+
]
|
736 |
+
},
|
737 |
+
{
|
738 |
+
"year": 1969,
|
739 |
+
"events": [
|
740 |
+
{
|
741 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
742 |
+
"event_en": "The U.S. Apollo 11 mission lands the first humans on the Moon in 1969, showcasing American technological prowess at the height of the Cold War space race.",
|
743 |
+
"event_ko": "1969๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ํด๋ก 11ํธ๊ฐ ์ธ๋ฅ ์ต์ด๋ก ๋ฌ์ ์ฐฉ๋ฅํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ๊ณผ์ํ๋ค."
|
744 |
+
}
|
745 |
+
]
|
746 |
+
},
|
747 |
+
{
|
748 |
+
"year": 1970,
|
749 |
+
"events": [
|
750 |
+
{
|
751 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
752 |
+
"event_en": "A mild recession in 1969โ1970 hits the U.S. as the Vietnam War spending peaks and the Federal Reserve tightens credit to combat inflation.",
|
753 |
+
"event_ko": "1969-70๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฒ ํธ๋จ์ ๋น์ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ธด์ถ ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฌํ๋ก ์๋งํ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
754 |
+
}
|
755 |
+
]
|
756 |
+
},
|
757 |
+
{
|
758 |
+
"year": 1971,
|
759 |
+
"events": [
|
760 |
{
|
761 |
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
762 |
+
"event_en": "Intel releases the 4004 microprocessor, integrating a computer CPU on one chip and launching the digital revolution:contentReference[oaicite:47]{index=47}.",
|
763 |
+
"event_ko": "1971๋
์ธํ
์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ์์
์ฉ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋กํ๋ก์ธ์ 4004๋ฅผ ์ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ปดํจํฐ ์ค์์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ฅ์น๋ฅผ ๋จ์ผ ์นฉ์ ์ง์ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋์งํธ ํ๋ช
์ ์๋ง์ ์ด์๋ค."
|
764 |
+
},
|
765 |
+
{
|
766 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
767 |
+
"event_en": "U.S. President Nixon ends the dollarโs convertibility to gold, effectively collapsing the Bretton Woods monetary system (\"Nixon Shock\"):contentReference[oaicite:48]{index=48}.",
|
768 |
+
"event_ko": "1971๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋์จ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ๊ธ์ ํํ์ ์ค์ง(๋์จ ์ผํฌ)ํ์ฌ ๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋๊ณ ๋ณ๋ํ์จ ์๋๋ก ์ ํ๋์๋ค."
|
769 |
}
|
770 |
]
|
771 |
},
|
|
|
773 |
"year": 1973,
|
774 |
"events": [
|
775 |
{
|
776 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
777 |
+
"event_en": "OPECโs oil embargo quadruples oil prices, igniting a global energy crisis and stagflation that end the postwar economic boom:contentReference[oaicite:49]{index=49}.",
|
778 |
+
"event_ko": "1973๋
์๋์ฐ์ ๊ตญ์ ์์ ๊ธ์์กฐ์น๋ก ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4๋ฐฐ ๊ธ๋ฑํ๊ณ ์คํ๊ทธํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ ์ง์๋ ๊ณ ๋์ฑ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค."
|
779 |
},
|
780 |
{
|
781 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
782 |
+
"event_en": "The 1973โ75 recession, triggered by the oil shock and end of Bretton Woods, causes stagflation in many Western economies:contentReference[oaicite:50]{index=50}.",
|
783 |
+
"event_ko": "1973๋
์์ ํ๋๊ณผ ๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ์ฒด์ ๋ถ๊ดด ํ์ ์ฆ์ผ๋ก 1973-75๋
์ ์๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ ์คํ๊ทธํ๋ ์ด์
๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฅ์ณค๋ค."
|
784 |
}
|
785 |
]
|
786 |
},
|
787 |
{
|
788 |
+
"year": 1978,
|
789 |
"events": [
|
790 |
{
|
791 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
792 |
+
"event_en": "China (under Deng Xiaoping) begins โreform and openingโ in 1978, transforming its economy and reshaping global trade dynamics:contentReference[oaicite:51]{index=51}.",
|
793 |
+
"event_ko": "1978๋
๋ฉ์ค์คํ ์ง๊ถํ ์ค๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ฃผ์ ๊ณํ๊ฒฝ์ ์์ ์์ฅ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ก ์ ํ์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ญ ์ฒด์ ์ ํธ์
๋๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค."
|
794 |
+
}
|
795 |
+
]
|
796 |
+
},
|
797 |
+
{
|
798 |
+
"year": 1979,
|
799 |
+
"events": [
|
800 |
+
{
|
801 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
802 |
+
"event_en": "The year 1979 sees a strategic upheaval: Iranโs Islamic Revolution ousts a key U.S. ally in the Middle East, and the Soviet Unionโs invasion of Afghanistan that year exacerbates Cold War tensions in Asia.",
|
803 |
+
"event_ko": "1979๋
์ด๋์์ ์ด์ฌ๋ ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ค๋ ๋๋งน ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ค๋ ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ํด ์๋ จ์ด ์ํ๊ฐ๋์คํ์ ์นจ๊ณตํ์ฌ ๋์ ์ด ์ 3์ธ๊ณ๋ก ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
804 |
},
|
805 |
{
|
806 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
807 |
+
"event_en": "The 1979 Iranian Revolution triggers a second oil shock; oil prices double, contributing to global inflation and a new recession in the early 1980s.",
|
808 |
+
"event_ko": "1979๋
์ด๋ ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์์ ์์ฐ์ด ์ฐจ์ง์ ๋น์ ์ 2์ฐจ ์ค์ผ ์ผํฌ๋ก ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฐจ ํญ๋ฑํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ๋ถ์ถ๊ธฐ๊ณ 1980๋
๋ ์ด๋ฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์๋ค."
|
809 |
}
|
810 |
]
|
811 |
},
|
812 |
{
|
813 |
+
"year": 1981,
|
814 |
+
"events": [
|
815 |
+
{
|
816 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
817 |
+
"event_en": "The early 1980s recession (1981โ82), induced by anti-inflation interest rate hikes, drives global unemployment to postwar highs.",
|
818 |
+
"event_ko": "1981-82๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฐ์ค์ ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก ์ด๋๋ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ '๋ณผ์ปค ๋ถํฉ'์ด ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ก ํ๊ธ๋์ด ์ ํ ์ต๊ณ ์์ค์ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค."
|
819 |
+
}
|
820 |
+
]
|
821 |
+
},
|
822 |
+
{
|
823 |
+
"year": 1985,
|
824 |
+
"events": [
|
825 |
+
{
|
826 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
827 |
+
"event_en": "Major economies sign the Plaza Accord in 1985 to depreciate the U.S. dollar and correct trade imbalances, marking a rare coordinated currency intervention.",
|
828 |
+
"event_ko": "1985๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฑ ์ฃผ์ 5๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ํ๋ผ์ ํฉ์๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ณ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ฌ ํ์จ์ ์ธ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ ํ ๋๋ฌธ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ํตํ ๊ฐ์
์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ฒผ๋ค."
|
829 |
+
}
|
830 |
+
]
|
831 |
+
},
|
832 |
+
{
|
833 |
+
"year": 1987,
|
834 |
+
"events": [
|
835 |
+
{
|
836 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
837 |
+
"event_en": "โBlack Mondayโ sees stock markets crash worldwide as the Dow Jones plunges 22% in a day, erasing trillions in market value:contentReference[oaicite:52]{index=52}.",
|
838 |
+
"event_ko": "1987๋
\"๋ธ๋ ๋จผ๋ฐ์ด\" ์ฃผ์ ๋ํญ๋ฝ์ด ๋ฐ์ํด ๋ค์ฐ์ง์๊ฐ ํ๋ฃจ 22% ๊ธ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ฆ์์์ ์์กฐ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์๊ฐ์ด์ก์ด ์ฆ๋ฐํ๋ค."
|
839 |
+
}
|
840 |
+
]
|
841 |
+
},
|
842 |
+
{
|
843 |
+
"year": 1989,
|
844 |
"events": [
|
845 |
{
|
846 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
847 |
+
"event_en": "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolizes the collapse of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe and accelerates the end of the Cold War division of Europe.",
|
848 |
+
"event_ko": "1989๋
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ๋์ ๋ฝ ๊ณต์ฐ ์ ๊ถ๋ค์ด ์ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ ๋์ ์๋์ ์ ๋ฝ ๋ถ๋จ ์ง์๊ฐ ๊ธ์ํ ์ข
์๋์๋ค."
|
849 |
}
|
850 |
]
|
851 |
},
|
852 |
{
|
853 |
+
"year": 1991,
|
854 |
"events": [
|
855 |
{
|
856 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
857 |
+
"event_en": "The Soviet Union dissolves, ending the Cold War and leaving the United States as the worldโs sole superpower:contentReference[oaicite:53]{index=53}.",
|
858 |
+
"event_ko": "1991๋
์๋น์ํธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ํด์ฒด๋์ด ๋์ ์ด ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์ผ์ ์ด๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋จ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค."
|
859 |
},
|
860 |
{
|
861 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
862 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1990โ91 strikes the U.S. and other nations, ending the long 1980s boom amid high oil prices and credit constraints.",
|
863 |
+
"event_ko": "1990-91๋
๊ฑธํ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ์ ์ํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฑ ์ฃผ์๊ตญ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ ธ 1980๋
๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ํธํฉ์ด ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค."
|
864 |
}
|
865 |
]
|
866 |
},
|
867 |
{
|
868 |
+
"year": 1994,
|
869 |
+
"events": [
|
870 |
+
{
|
871 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
872 |
+
"event_en": "Mexicoโs Peso Crisis in 1994 sees a sudden devaluation of the peso, requiring a $50ย billion U.S.-IMF bailout to prevent global contagion.",
|
873 |
+
"event_ko": "1994๋
๋ฉ์์ฝ๊ฐ ํ์ ๊ฐ์น ํญ๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ์๊ธฐ์ ๋น ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ IMF๊ฐ 500์ต ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ์ ๊ณตํด ์ ํฅ์์ฅ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก์ ์๊ธฐ ํ๊ธ์ ๋ง์๋ค."
|
874 |
+
}
|
875 |
+
]
|
876 |
+
},
|
877 |
+
{
|
878 |
+
"year": 1997,
|
879 |
+
"events": [
|
880 |
+
{
|
881 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
882 |
+
"event_en": "The Asian Financial Crisis erupts, causing currencies and markets across East Asia to collapse and requiring international bailouts:contentReference[oaicite:54]{index=54}.",
|
883 |
+
"event_ko": "1997๋
์์์ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ํ๊ตญ ๋ฐํธํ ํญ๋ฝ์ ์์์ผ๋ก ๋์์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ํตํยท์ฆ์๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดดํ๊ณ IMF ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ๋ฐ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
884 |
+
}
|
885 |
+
]
|
886 |
+
},
|
887 |
+
{
|
888 |
+
"year": 1998,
|
889 |
"events": [
|
890 |
{
|
891 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
892 |
+
"event_en": "Russiaโs government defaults in 1998 amid a ruble collapse and low oil prices, triggering global market panic and the collapse of hedge fund LTCM.",
|
893 |
+
"event_ko": "1998๋
๋ฌ์์๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ผํ ๋ฆฌ์(์ฑ๋ฌด ๋ถ์ดํ)๊ณผ ๋ฃจ๋ธํ ํ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ์์ฅ์ด ์๋์น๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํค์งํ๋ LTCM์ด ํ์ฐ ์ง์ ๊น์ง ๋ชฐ๋ ธ๋ค."
|
894 |
+
}
|
895 |
+
]
|
896 |
+
},
|
897 |
+
{
|
898 |
+
"year": 1999,
|
899 |
+
"events": [
|
900 |
+
{
|
901 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
902 |
+
"event_en": "The Euro currency launches in 1999, uniting 11 European nations in a monetary union and creating the second-largest reserve currency globally.",
|
903 |
+
"event_ko": "1999๋
์ ๋ฝ 11๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋จ์ผ ํตํ ์ ๋กํ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ํตํ ๋๋งน์ ์ถ๋ฒ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ 2์ ๊ธฐ์ถํตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์งํ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ค."
|
904 |
+
}
|
905 |
+
]
|
906 |
+
},
|
907 |
+
{
|
908 |
+
"year": 2001,
|
909 |
+
"events": [
|
910 |
+
{
|
911 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
912 |
+
"event_en": "Al-Qaedaโs September 11 attacks on the U.S. kill nearly 3,000 people and prompt the U.S.-led global \"War on Terror\":contentReference[oaicite:55]{index=55}.",
|
913 |
+
"event_ko": "2001๋
9์ 11์ผ ์์นด์๋ค์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ
๋ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ 3์ฒ ๋ช
์ด ์ฌ๋งํ์๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ํ
๋ฌ์์ ์ ์์ ์ฐฉ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์๋ณด ์ง์๊ฐ ์ฌํธ๋์๋ค."
|
914 |
},
|
915 |
{
|
916 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
917 |
+
"event_en": "The Dot-com bubble bursts in 2000, leading to an early-2000s recession as technology stocks crash and investment dries up:contentReference[oaicite:56]{index=56}.",
|
918 |
+
"event_ko": "2000๋
๋ ์ด ๋ท์ปด ๋ฒ๋ธ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ก ๊ธฐ์ ์ฃผ ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์
ํฌ์๊ฐ ์์ถ๋์ด 2001๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๋น๋กฏํ ์ ์ง๊ตญ๋ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
919 |
+
}
|
920 |
+
]
|
921 |
+
},
|
922 |
+
{
|
923 |
+
"year": 2008,
|
924 |
+
"events": [
|
925 |
+
{
|
926 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
927 |
+
"event_en": "A U.S. subprime mortgage bubble bursts in 2008, triggering a global financial crisis and the deepest recession since the 1930s:contentReference[oaicite:57]{index=57}.",
|
928 |
+
"event_ko": "2008๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์๋ธํ๋ผ์ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฒ์ง๋ฉฐ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ 1930๋
๋ ์ด๋ ์ต์
์ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
929 |
+
}
|
930 |
+
]
|
931 |
+
},
|
932 |
+
{
|
933 |
+
"year": 2010,
|
934 |
+
"events": [
|
935 |
+
{
|
936 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
937 |
+
"event_en": "The European sovereign debt crisis peaks around 2010 as Greece and other eurozone countries face debt defaults, testing the resilience of the euro:contentReference[oaicite:58]{index=58}.",
|
938 |
+
"event_ko": "2010๋
๊ฒฝ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค, ์์ผ๋๋ ๋ฑ ๋จ์ ๋ฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ถ์ฑ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ต๊ณ ์กฐ์ ๋ฌํด EU์ IMF๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ๋์ฐ๊ณ , ์ ๋ก์กด ํตํ ์ฒด์ ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ด ์ํ๋์ ์ฌ๋๋ค."
|
939 |
+
}
|
940 |
+
]
|
941 |
+
},
|
942 |
+
{
|
943 |
+
"year": 2011,
|
944 |
+
"events": [
|
945 |
+
{
|
946 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
947 |
+
"event_en": "Arab Spring uprisings spread across the Middle East in 2011, toppling longtime rulers in countries like Egypt and Libya and destabilizing the regional order.",
|
948 |
+
"event_ko": "2011๋
์ค๋๊ณผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด์์ '์๋์ ๋ด' ์๋ฏผ ๋ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ด์งํธยท๋ฆฌ๋น์ ๋ฑ์์ ๋
์ฌ ์ ๊ถ์ด ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ง์ญ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๋ค."
|
949 |
}
|
950 |
]
|
951 |
},
|
952 |
{
|
953 |
"year": 2014,
|
954 |
+
"events": [
|
955 |
+
{
|
956 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
957 |
+
"event_en": "Global oil prices collapse in 2014 after a supply glut, causing financial stress in oil-exporting nations and a sharp investment downturn in the energy sector.",
|
958 |
+
"event_ko": "2014๋
์ธ๊ณ ์์ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๊ธ ๊ณผ์๊ณผ OPEC์ ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ฏธํฉ์๋ก ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฝํ๋ฉด์ ์ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ ์ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋์ง ์
๊ณ์ ๋์ฐ์ด ์์ถํ๋ค."
|
959 |
+
}
|
960 |
+
]
|
961 |
+
},
|
962 |
+
{
|
963 |
+
"year": 2016,
|
964 |
+
"events": [
|
965 |
+
{
|
966 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
967 |
+
"event_en": "The United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union (Brexit) in 2016, reflecting rising nationalism and challenging the post-Cold War international order.",
|
968 |
+
"event_ko": "2016๋
์๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผํฌํ๋ก ์ ๋ฝ์ฐํฉ(EU) ํํด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ (๋ธ๋ ์ํธ)ํ์ฌ ์๊ตฌ ํตํฉ ์ง์์ ๊ท ์ด์ด ์๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณํ์ ๋ํ ํ์๊ฐ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค."
|
969 |
+
}
|
970 |
+
]
|
971 |
+
},
|
972 |
+
{
|
973 |
+
"year": 2018,
|
974 |
"events": [
|
975 |
{
|
976 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
977 |
+
"event_en": "A U.S.โChina trade war erupts in 2018 as the worldโs two largest economies impose tariffs on each other, indicating intensifying great-power economic rivalry.",
|
978 |
+
"event_ko": "2018๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด์ญ ์ ์์ด ์์๋์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋๊ตญ์ด ๊ด์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ฉฐ ํจ๊ถ ๊ฒฝ์์ด ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ์ผ๊น์ง ํ๋๋์๋ค."
|
979 |
}
|
980 |
]
|
981 |
},
|
|
|
984 |
"events": [
|
985 |
{
|
986 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
987 |
+
"event_en": "The COVID-19 pandemic triggers a sudden global recession in 2020, as lockdowns and supply shocks cause output to plunge:contentReference[oaicite:59]{index=59}.",
|
988 |
+
"event_ko": "2020๋
์ฝ๋ก๋19 ๋ฒ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋ด์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ ์์ฐ๊ณผ ์๋น๊ฐ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์์ถ๋์ด ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ก์๋ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค."
|
989 |
+
}
|
990 |
+
]
|
991 |
+
},
|
992 |
+
{
|
993 |
+
"year": 2022,
|
994 |
+
"events": [
|
995 |
{
|
996 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
997 |
+
"event_en": "Russia invades Ukraine in 2022, leading to sweeping Western sanctions against Russia and a realignment of global geopolitical and energy relationships.",
|
998 |
+
"event_ko": "2022๋
๋ฌ์์๊ฐ ์ฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋๋ฅผ ์นจ๊ณตํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ ๋๋ฌ ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๊ณ ๊ตญ์ ์๋์ง ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง๊ณผ ์๋ณด ์งํ์ ์ค๋ํ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค."
|
999 |
}
|
1000 |
]
|
1001 |
}
|
1002 |
+
]
|