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| 1 |
+
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start=0 data-line-end=1 ><a id="Introduction_to_the_French_Language_0"></a><strong>Introduction to the French Language</strong></h2>
|
| 2 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="2" data-line-end="3">French is a Romance language spoken by millions worldwide. It’s known for its elegance and rich history. In this lesson, we’ll cover some of the basics to get you started.</p>
|
| 3 |
+
<hr>
|
| 4 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=6 data-line-end=7 ><a id="1_The_French_Alphabet_6"></a><strong>1. The French Alphabet</strong></h3>
|
| 5 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="8" data-line-end="9">The French alphabet is the same as the English alphabet, with <strong>26 letters</strong>. However, some letters are pronounced differently.</p>
|
| 6 |
+
<hr>
|
| 7 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=12 data-line-end=13 ><a id="2_Common_French_Greetings_12"></a><strong>2. Common French Greetings</strong></h3>
|
| 8 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="14" data-line-end="15">Knowing basic greetings is essential when learning a new language. Here are some common French greetings:</p>
|
| 9 |
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
|
| 10 |
+
<thead>
|
| 11 |
+
<tr>
|
| 12 |
+
<th><strong>English</strong></th>
|
| 13 |
+
<th><strong>French</strong></th>
|
| 14 |
+
</tr>
|
| 15 |
+
</thead>
|
| 16 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 17 |
+
<tr>
|
| 18 |
+
<td>Hello</td>
|
| 19 |
+
<td>Bonjour</td>
|
| 20 |
+
</tr>
|
| 21 |
+
<tr>
|
| 22 |
+
<td>Good evening</td>
|
| 23 |
+
<td>Bonsoir</td>
|
| 24 |
+
</tr>
|
| 25 |
+
<tr>
|
| 26 |
+
<td>Goodbye</td>
|
| 27 |
+
<td>Au revoir</td>
|
| 28 |
+
</tr>
|
| 29 |
+
<tr>
|
| 30 |
+
<td>Please</td>
|
| 31 |
+
<td>S’il vous plaît</td>
|
| 32 |
+
</tr>
|
| 33 |
+
<tr>
|
| 34 |
+
<td>Thank you</td>
|
| 35 |
+
<td>Merci</td>
|
| 36 |
+
</tr>
|
| 37 |
+
<tr>
|
| 38 |
+
<td>Yes</td>
|
| 39 |
+
<td>Oui</td>
|
| 40 |
+
</tr>
|
| 41 |
+
<tr>
|
| 42 |
+
<td>No</td>
|
| 43 |
+
<td>Non</td>
|
| 44 |
+
</tr>
|
| 45 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 46 |
+
</table>
|
| 47 |
+
<hr>
|
| 48 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=28 data-line-end=29 ><a id="3_French_Pronouns_28"></a><strong>3. French Pronouns</strong></h3>
|
| 49 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="30" data-line-end="31">French uses <strong>pronouns</strong> just like English, but they change depending on gender and formality. Here’s a list of the subject pronouns:</p>
|
| 50 |
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
|
| 51 |
+
<thead>
|
| 52 |
+
<tr>
|
| 53 |
+
<th><strong>English</strong></th>
|
| 54 |
+
<th><strong>French</strong></th>
|
| 55 |
+
</tr>
|
| 56 |
+
</thead>
|
| 57 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 58 |
+
<tr>
|
| 59 |
+
<td>I</td>
|
| 60 |
+
<td>Je</td>
|
| 61 |
+
</tr>
|
| 62 |
+
<tr>
|
| 63 |
+
<td>You (informal)</td>
|
| 64 |
+
<td>Tu</td>
|
| 65 |
+
</tr>
|
| 66 |
+
<tr>
|
| 67 |
+
<td>He/It</td>
|
| 68 |
+
<td>Il</td>
|
| 69 |
+
</tr>
|
| 70 |
+
<tr>
|
| 71 |
+
<td>She/It</td>
|
| 72 |
+
<td>Elle</td>
|
| 73 |
+
</tr>
|
| 74 |
+
<tr>
|
| 75 |
+
<td>We</td>
|
| 76 |
+
<td>Nous</td>
|
| 77 |
+
</tr>
|
| 78 |
+
<tr>
|
| 79 |
+
<td>You (formal/pl.)</td>
|
| 80 |
+
<td>Vous</td>
|
| 81 |
+
</tr>
|
| 82 |
+
<tr>
|
| 83 |
+
<td>They (masculine)</td>
|
| 84 |
+
<td>Ils</td>
|
| 85 |
+
</tr>
|
| 86 |
+
<tr>
|
| 87 |
+
<td>They (feminine)</td>
|
| 88 |
+
<td>Elles</td>
|
| 89 |
+
</tr>
|
| 90 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 91 |
+
</table>
|
| 92 |
+
<ul>
|
| 93 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="43" data-line-end="45"><strong>Note</strong>: The pronouns “Il” and “Elle” can also refer to objects. In French, nouns have a gender: either <strong>masculine</strong> or <strong>feminine</strong>.</li>
|
| 94 |
+
</ul>
|
| 95 |
+
<hr>
|
| 96 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=47 data-line-end=48 ><a id="4_Basic_French_Sentence_Structure_47"></a><strong>4. Basic French Sentence Structure</strong></h3>
|
| 97 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="49" data-line-end="50">French sentence structure follows the <strong>Subject-Verb-Object</strong> order, similar to English.</p>
|
| 98 |
+
<ul>
|
| 99 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="51" data-line-end="54"><strong>Example</strong>:
|
| 100 |
+
<ul>
|
| 101 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="52" data-line-end="53"><strong>English</strong>: I eat bread.</li>
|
| 102 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="53" data-line-end="54"><strong>French</strong>: Je mange du pain.</li>
|
| 103 |
+
</ul>
|
| 104 |
+
</li>
|
| 105 |
+
</ul>
|
| 106 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="56" data-line-end="57">In this sentence:</p>
|
| 107 |
+
<ul>
|
| 108 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="57" data-line-end="58"><strong>Subject</strong>: Je (I)</li>
|
| 109 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="58" data-line-end="59"><strong>Verb</strong>: Mange (eat)</li>
|
| 110 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="59" data-line-end="61"><strong>Object</strong>: Du pain (bread)</li>
|
| 111 |
+
</ul>
|
| 112 |
+
<hr>
|
| 113 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=63 data-line-end=64 ><a id="5_Gender_and_Articles_in_French_63"></a><strong>5. Gender and Articles in French</strong></h3>
|
| 114 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="65" data-line-end="66">In French, nouns are either <strong>masculine</strong> or <strong>feminine</strong>, and the article (the word for “the” or “a”) changes based on the gender.</p>
|
| 115 |
+
<h4 class="code-line" data-line-start=67 data-line-end=68 ><a id="Definite_Articles_The_67"></a>Definite Articles (The)</h4>
|
| 116 |
+
<ul>
|
| 117 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="68" data-line-end="69"><strong>Le</strong> (masculine) - for example: Le livre (The book)</li>
|
| 118 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="69" data-line-end="70"><strong>La</strong> (feminine) - for example: La pomme (The apple)</li>
|
| 119 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="70" data-line-end="71"><strong>L’</strong> (before a vowel) - for example: L’école (The school)</li>
|
| 120 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="71" data-line-end="73"><strong>Les</strong> (plural for both) - for example: Les chiens (The dogs)</li>
|
| 121 |
+
</ul>
|
| 122 |
+
<h4 class="code-line" data-line-start=73 data-line-end=74 ><a id="Indefinite_Articles_AAn_73"></a>Indefinite Articles (A/An)</h4>
|
| 123 |
+
<ul>
|
| 124 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="74" data-line-end="75"><strong>Un</strong> (masculine) - for example: Un chat (A cat)</li>
|
| 125 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="75" data-line-end="76"><strong>Une</strong> (feminine) - for example: Une table (A table)</li>
|
| 126 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="76" data-line-end="78"><strong>Des</strong> (plural for both) - for example: Des livres (Some books)</li>
|
| 127 |
+
</ul>
|
| 128 |
+
<hr>
|
| 129 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=80 data-line-end=81 ><a id="6_French_Verb_Conjugation_To_Be__tre_80"></a><strong>6. French Verb Conjugation: “To Be” - Être</strong></h3>
|
| 130 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="82" data-line-end="83">The verb <strong>être</strong> (to be) is one of the most common verbs in French. Here is how it is conjugated:</p>
|
| 131 |
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
|
| 132 |
+
<thead>
|
| 133 |
+
<tr>
|
| 134 |
+
<th><strong>English</strong></th>
|
| 135 |
+
<th><strong>French</strong></th>
|
| 136 |
+
</tr>
|
| 137 |
+
</thead>
|
| 138 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 139 |
+
<tr>
|
| 140 |
+
<td>I am</td>
|
| 141 |
+
<td>Je suis</td>
|
| 142 |
+
</tr>
|
| 143 |
+
<tr>
|
| 144 |
+
<td>You are</td>
|
| 145 |
+
<td>Tu es</td>
|
| 146 |
+
</tr>
|
| 147 |
+
<tr>
|
| 148 |
+
<td>He/She is</td>
|
| 149 |
+
<td>Il/Elle est</td>
|
| 150 |
+
</tr>
|
| 151 |
+
<tr>
|
| 152 |
+
<td>We are</td>
|
| 153 |
+
<td>Nous sommes</td>
|
| 154 |
+
</tr>
|
| 155 |
+
<tr>
|
| 156 |
+
<td>You are</td>
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| 157 |
+
<td>Vous êtes</td>
|
| 158 |
+
</tr>
|
| 159 |
+
<tr>
|
| 160 |
+
<td>They are</td>
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| 161 |
+
<td>Ils/Elles sont</td>
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| 162 |
+
</tr>
|
| 163 |
+
</tbody>
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| 164 |
+
</table>
|
| 165 |
+
<hr>
|
| 166 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=95 data-line-end=96 ><a id="7_Numbers_in_French_95"></a><strong>7. Numbers in French</strong></h3>
|
| 167 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="97" data-line-end="98">Learning numbers is crucial in any language. Here are the French numbers from 1 to 10:</p>
|
| 168 |
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
|
| 169 |
+
<thead>
|
| 170 |
+
<tr>
|
| 171 |
+
<th><strong>English</strong></th>
|
| 172 |
+
<th><strong>French</strong></th>
|
| 173 |
+
</tr>
|
| 174 |
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</thead>
|
| 175 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 176 |
+
<tr>
|
| 177 |
+
<td>1</td>
|
| 178 |
+
<td>Un</td>
|
| 179 |
+
</tr>
|
| 180 |
+
<tr>
|
| 181 |
+
<td>2</td>
|
| 182 |
+
<td>Deux</td>
|
| 183 |
+
</tr>
|
| 184 |
+
<tr>
|
| 185 |
+
<td>3</td>
|
| 186 |
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<td>Trois</td>
|
| 187 |
+
</tr>
|
| 188 |
+
<tr>
|
| 189 |
+
<td>4</td>
|
| 190 |
+
<td>Quatre</td>
|
| 191 |
+
</tr>
|
| 192 |
+
<tr>
|
| 193 |
+
<td>5</td>
|
| 194 |
+
<td>Cinq</td>
|
| 195 |
+
</tr>
|
| 196 |
+
<tr>
|
| 197 |
+
<td>6</td>
|
| 198 |
+
<td>Six</td>
|
| 199 |
+
</tr>
|
| 200 |
+
<tr>
|
| 201 |
+
<td>7</td>
|
| 202 |
+
<td>Sept</td>
|
| 203 |
+
</tr>
|
| 204 |
+
<tr>
|
| 205 |
+
<td>8</td>
|
| 206 |
+
<td>Huit</td>
|
| 207 |
+
</tr>
|
| 208 |
+
<tr>
|
| 209 |
+
<td>9</td>
|
| 210 |
+
<td>Neuf</td>
|
| 211 |
+
</tr>
|
| 212 |
+
<tr>
|
| 213 |
+
<td>10</td>
|
| 214 |
+
<td>Dix</td>
|
| 215 |
+
</tr>
|
| 216 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 217 |
+
</table>
|
| 218 |
+
<hr>
|
| 219 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=114 data-line-end=115 ><a id="8_Basic_French_Questions_114"></a><strong>8. Basic French Questions</strong></h3>
|
| 220 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="116" data-line-end="117">Asking questions in French often follows a similar pattern to English, but the word order can change.</p>
|
| 221 |
+
<ul>
|
| 222 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="118" data-line-end="120"><strong>What is this?</strong>
|
| 223 |
+
<ul>
|
| 224 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="119" data-line-end="120"><strong>French</strong>: Qu’est-ce que c’est?</li>
|
| 225 |
+
</ul>
|
| 226 |
+
</li>
|
| 227 |
+
</ul>
|
| 228 |
+
<ul>
|
| 229 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="122" data-line-end="124"><strong>Where is the bathroom?</strong>
|
| 230 |
+
<ul>
|
| 231 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="123" data-line-end="124"><strong>French</strong>: Où sont les toilettes?</li>
|
| 232 |
+
</ul>
|
| 233 |
+
</li>
|
| 234 |
+
</ul>
|
| 235 |
+
<hr>
|
| 236 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=128 data-line-end=129 ><a id="9_Useful_Phrases_for_Beginners_128"></a><strong>9. Useful Phrases for Beginners</strong></h3>
|
| 237 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="130" data-line-end="131">Here are some simple phrases you can use in everyday situations:</p>
|
| 238 |
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
|
| 239 |
+
<thead>
|
| 240 |
+
<tr>
|
| 241 |
+
<th><strong>English</strong></th>
|
| 242 |
+
<th><strong>French</strong></th>
|
| 243 |
+
</tr>
|
| 244 |
+
</thead>
|
| 245 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 246 |
+
<tr>
|
| 247 |
+
<td>I don’t understand.</td>
|
| 248 |
+
<td>Je ne comprends pas.</td>
|
| 249 |
+
</tr>
|
| 250 |
+
<tr>
|
| 251 |
+
<td>Can you help me?</td>
|
| 252 |
+
<td>Pouvez-vous m’aider?</td>
|
| 253 |
+
</tr>
|
| 254 |
+
<tr>
|
| 255 |
+
<td>How much does this cost?</td>
|
| 256 |
+
<td>Combien ça coûte?</td>
|
| 257 |
+
</tr>
|
| 258 |
+
<tr>
|
| 259 |
+
<td>I speak a little French.</td>
|
| 260 |
+
<td>Je parle un peu français.</td>
|
| 261 |
+
</tr>
|
| 262 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 263 |
+
</table>
|
| 264 |
+
<hr>
|
| 265 |
+
<h3 class="code-line" data-line-start=141 data-line-end=142 ><a id="10_Tips_for_Learning_French_141"></a><strong>10. Tips for Learning French</strong></h3>
|
| 266 |
+
<ol>
|
| 267 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="143" data-line-end="144"><strong>Practice Pronunciation</strong>: French sounds can be tricky, but practice makes perfect.</li>
|
| 268 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="144" data-line-end="145"><strong>Learn Common Words</strong>: Start with everyday words and phrases to build your vocabulary.</li>
|
| 269 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="145" data-line-end="146"><strong>Listen to French</strong>: Songs, podcasts, or movies can help you get used to the language.</li>
|
| 270 |
+
<li class="has-line-data" data-line-start="146" data-line-end="148"><strong>Don’t Be Afraid to Make Mistakes</strong>: Language learning is about progress, not perfection.</li>
|
| 271 |
+
</ol>
|
| 272 |
+
<hr>
|
| 273 |
+
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="150" data-line-end="151">Hope you will understand. 😊</p>
|