Update src/streamlit_app.py

src/streamlit_app.py

@@ -1,40 +1,135 @@
-import altair as alt
-import numpy as np
-import pandas as pd
 import streamlit as st
+import numpy as np
+
+st.set_page_config(page_title="Tesla-Inspired Valve: Flow Modeling", layout="wide")
+
+st.title("Tesla-Inspired Valve: Flow Modeling with Hemolysis Risk Indicator")
+st.markdown("This tool allows you to model your Tesla valve design and estimate its performance, including hemolysis risk and overall efficiency. Adjust the parameters below to find an optimal configuration.")
+
+# Constants (fixed)
+rho = 1060       # Density (kg/m³)
+mu = 0.0035      # Viscosity (Pa·s)
+tau_limit = 150    # Pa, Hemolysis shear stress limit
+D_annulus_cm = 3.5 # cm, Mitral valve annulus diameter
+
+st.sidebar.title("🔒 Fixed Constants")
+st.sidebar.markdown(f"**Blood Density (ρ):** {rho} kg/m³")
+st.sidebar.markdown(f"**Viscosity (μ):** {mu} Pa·s")
+st.sidebar.markdown(f"**Hemolysis Limit (τ):** {tau_limit} Pa")
+st.sidebar.markdown(f"**Mitral Annulus Diameter:** {D_annulus_cm} cm")
+
+# --- User Inputs ---
+st.header("🔬 Design Parameters")
+st.markdown("Adjust these sliders to define your Tesla valve's geometry and performance.")
+col_design1, col_design2, col_design3 = st.columns(3)
+with col_design1:
+    num_valves = st.slider("Number of Tesla Valve Units", 1, 100, 10, help="Total number of individual Tesla valve units.")
+with col_design2:
+    valve_width_mm = st.slider("Single Valve Width (mm)", 4, 20, 12, help="The width of a single Tesla valve unit's footprint.")
+with col_design3:
+    diodicity = st.slider("Diodicity (Di)", 1.0, 50.0, 20.0, help="The ratio of reverse pressure drop to forward pressure drop.")
+
+# --- Physiological Parameters ---
+st.header("🩺 Physiological Conditions")
+st.markdown("These values represent typical heart function under which your device must operate.")
+col_phys1, col_phys2 = st.columns(2)
+with col_phys1:
+    deltaP_rev_mmHg = st.slider("Max Reverse Pressure (mmHg)", 60, 160, 100, help="The pressure drop across the valve during systole.")
+    deltaP_fwd_mmHg = st.slider("Forward Pressure (mmHg)", 2, 20, 5, help="The pressure gradient that drives forward flow (filling).")
+    t_rev = st.slider("Systole Time (s)", 0.2, 0.4, 0.3, 0.05, help="Duration of ventricular contraction.")
+with col_phys2:
+    V_LV_mL = st.slider("Required Forward Volume (mL)", 50, 100, 70, help="The volume of blood the ventricle needs to fill.")
+    HR = st.slider("Heart Rate (BPM)", 50, 120, 70, help="The heart rate in beats per minute.")
+
+# --- Calculations ---
+t_fwd = (60 / HR) - t_rev
+deltaP_rev = deltaP_rev_mmHg * 133.322  # Convert mmHg to Pa
+deltaP_fwd = deltaP_fwd_mmHg * 133.322
+
+# Calculate maximum possible valve width based on annulus area and valve count
+valve_area_total_cm2 = np.pi * (D_annulus_cm / 2)**2
+valve_width_max_mm = np.sqrt(valve_area_total_cm2 / (num_valves * np.pi)) * 2 * 10 
+# Note: This is a simplified calculation, but it provides a good estimate.
+
+st.markdown("---")
+st.header("🧮 Results & Analysis")
+
+# --- Reverse Flow Calculations ---
+st.subheader("🔁 Reverse Flow (Regurgitation)")
+# We use Diodicity to calculate the reverse flow
+# Assuming a simplified relationship based on the design parameters
+# A_single is the equivalent cross-sectional area of a single valve's channels
+A_valve_cross_section_mm2 = (np.pi * (D_annulus_cm / 2)**2 * 100) / num_valves
+A_single = A_valve_cross_section_mm2 / 1000000
+
+# Calculate equivalent pressure drop in forward flow
+deltaP_fwd_equiv = deltaP_rev / diodicity
+
+# Estimate reverse velocity based on forward pressure drop and equivalent area
+# Using a simplified orifice flow model for the effective pressure drop
+v_rev = np.sqrt(2 * deltaP_fwd_equiv / rho)
+
+Q_rev = A_single * num_valves * v_rev
+V_rev_L = Q_rev * t_rev * 1000
+
+# Calculate Regurgitant Fraction (RF)
+RF = (V_rev_L / (V_LV_mL / 1000)) * 100
+
+# Hemolysis Risk (Shear Stress)
+# This is a highly simplified model; real CFD is needed.
+# We'll assume shear stress is proportional to velocity and inversely proportional to valve width
+tau = rho * v_rev * v_rev / (valve_width_mm / 1000)
+
+rf_status = "✅" if RF < 5 else "❌"
+shear_status = "✅" if tau < tau_limit else "❌"
+
+st.write(f"Total Reverse Flow Volume: **{V_rev_L:.2f} L**")
+st.write(f"Regurgitant Fraction (RF): **{RF:.2f}%** {rf_status}")
+st.write(f"Estimated Peak Shear Stress: **{tau:.1f} Pa** {shear_status}")
+
+if tau >= tau_limit:
+    st.warning(f"**Warning:** The estimated shear stress ({tau:.1f} Pa) exceeds the hemolysis limit of {tau_limit} Pa. This could cause red blood cell damage. Consider increasing the valve width or the number of valves.")
+
+# --- Forward Flow Calculations ---
+st.subheader("✅ Forward Flow")
+
+v_fwd = np.sqrt(2 * deltaP_fwd / rho)
+Q_fwd = A_single * num_valves * v_fwd
+V_fwd_L = Q_fwd * t_fwd * 1000
+
+forward_status = "✅" if V_fwd_L * 1000 >= V_LV_mL else "❌"
+tau_fwd = rho * v_fwd * v_fwd / (valve_width_mm / 1000)
+
+st.write(f"Total Forward Flow Volume: **{V_fwd_L * 1000:.2f} mL**")
+st.write(f"Required Volume to Fill: **{V_LV_mL:.2f} mL** {forward_status}")
+st.write(f"Estimated Shear Stress: **{tau_fwd:.1f} Pa**")
+if V_fwd_L * 1000 < V_LV_mL:
+    st.warning("The forward flow volume is insufficient. Consider increasing the number of valves or their width to improve heart filling.")
+
+st.markdown("---")
+st.subheader("📢 Design Guidance")
+st.write(f"Maximum theoretical width for a single valve unit is **{valve_width_max_mm:.2f} mm** to fit all {num_valves} valves within the annulus.")
+st.write("A good design will have all checkmarks (✅) and minimize the Regurgitant Fraction.")
+
+st.markdown("---")
+st.header("📖 Parameter Explanations")
+st.subheader("User Inputs (Design & Physiological)")
+st.markdown("""
+- **Number of Tesla Valve Units:** The total number of individual Tesla valve units that make up the complete valve. More units can improve overall flow but require a smaller footprint for each.
+- **Single Valve Width (mm):** The physical width of a single Tesla valve unit's footprint. This is a crucial design parameter that influences shear stress and manufacturability.
+- **Diodicity (Di):** The primary performance metric for a Tesla valve. It's the ratio of the pressure drop in the reverse direction to the pressure drop in the forward direction. A higher number indicates a more effective valve.
+- **Max Reverse Pressure (mmHg):** The maximum pressure difference between the left ventricle and left atrium during systole, which drives the regurgitant flow.
+- **Forward Pressure (mmHg):** The pressure gradient that drives the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole. This should be minimal to ensure proper filling.
+- **Systole Time (s):** The duration of the heart's contraction phase, during which regurgitation can occur.
+- **Required Forward Volume (mL):** The volume of blood the left ventricle needs to receive from the left atrium in a single heartbeat to function effectively.
+- **Heart Rate (BPM):** The number of times the heart beats per minute. This determines the total time for the cardiac cycle.
+""")
 
-"""
-# Welcome to Streamlit!
-
-Edit `/streamlit_app.py` to customize this app to your heart's desire :heart:.
-If you have any questions, checkout our [documentation](https://docs.streamlit.io) and [community
-forums](https://discuss.streamlit.io).
-
-In the meantime, below is an example of what you can do with just a few lines of code:
-"""
-
-num_points = st.slider("Number of points in spiral", 1, 10000, 1100)
-num_turns = st.slider("Number of turns in spiral", 1, 300, 31)
-
-indices = np.linspace(0, 1, num_points)
-theta = 2 * np.pi * num_turns * indices
-radius = indices
-
-x = radius * np.cos(theta)
-y = radius * np.sin(theta)
-
-df = pd.DataFrame({
-    "x": x,
-    "y": y,
-    "idx": indices,
-    "rand": np.random.randn(num_points),
-})
-
-st.altair_chart(alt.Chart(df, height=700, width=700)
-    .mark_point(filled=True)
-    .encode(
-        x=alt.X("x", axis=None),
-        y=alt.Y("y", axis=None),
-        color=alt.Color("idx", legend=None, scale=alt.Scale()),
-        size=alt.Size("rand", legend=None, scale=alt.Scale(range=[1, 150])),
-    ))
+st.subheader("Outputs (Results & Analysis)")
+st.markdown("""
+- **Total Reverse Flow Volume (L):** The total volume of blood that is estimated to leak back into the left atrium per heartbeat. This is what you want to minimize.
+- **Regurgitant Fraction (RF):** The percentage of the total blood pumped by the heart that leaks backward. A value less than 5% is generally considered non-pathological.
+- **Estimated Peak Shear Stress (Pa):** The estimated maximum shear force on red blood cells within the valve's channels. Values above 150 Pa are a significant hemolysis risk.
+- **Total Forward Flow Volume (mL):** The total volume of blood that is estimated to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. This should be sufficient to meet the required forward volume.
+- **Design Guidance:** Provides a maximum theoretical width for your valve units and summarizes the overall health of your design based on the chosen parameters.
+""")