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+ 7 = -2*k for d.
-1
Let z = -18 - -20. Suppose -3*l + 7 = -z. Solve 0*o = -5*o + 4*s - l, -4*o - 5*s + 14 = 0 for o.
1
Let u be 1/4 + 22/8. Let y = 1 - -9. Suppose y = -6*d + 34. Solve d*i - 3*a - 5 = 0, 5*i + 5*a = u*a + 12 for i.
2
Let u be (-5)/(5/3) + 6. Suppose -u*p = -8*p + 10. Suppose -s + 0*s + 5 = 0. Solve 10 = -3*z - d - d, -13 = p*z - s*d for z.
-4
Suppose 2*w + 5*b - 32 = w, 4*w = 3*b + 59. Solve 4*q + 3*f - 19 = 0, -4 = -q - 4*f + w for q.
1
Let v = -3 - -2. Let q(c) = -21*c**3 - c**2 - c + 1. Let a be q(v). Solve 2 = 3*d + 4*o + a, 0 = 5*d + o + 5 for d.
0
Let s(y) = y**3 + 4*y**2 + 4*y + 2. Let x be s(-3). Let p be (-2)/(x - 1) - -31. Solve 5 = 2*h + 4*b - 1, 4*h = 3*b - p for h.
-5
Suppose -3*d - 12 = 0, 6*o - d + 11 = 11*o. Solve -9 = -3*h + 4*g - o*g, -4 = h + 2*g for h.
2
Let g(q) = -q**3 + 10*q**2 - 9*q. Let j be g(9). Let c(u) = 4*u + 8. Let n be c(2). Let i = -12 + n. Solve -4*a = -i*d + 24, j = 5*a - 4*d + 30 - 1 for a.
-5
Let v = -966 - -997. Solve -i + 9*j - 4*j = -29, -3*j = -4*i + v for i.
4
Let g = 398 - 394. Solve -3*q = 4*x + 23, -17 = -g*q + q + 4*x for q.
-1
Suppose -3*m = -50 + 5. Suppose 0 = c + 2*c - m. Solve -c*k + 2*v - 23 = 0, -2*k + 2*v + 12 = -4*k for k.
-5
Suppose -4 = 5*q - 29. Solve 0*c = -q*c + 2*g + 14, -3*g = 6 for c.
2
Suppose -u = 2*b - 6, -2*b - u + 2*u + 14 = 0. Let k be 5*(0 - (b - 0)). Let v = k - -30. Solve 2*t - 3*r + v = 0, -2*r - 3 = -t - 6 for t.
-1
Let q = -4 + 7. Suppose 4*r - q*f - 5 = -2*f, -3*r = f - 9. Solve -5*d - 2*y = 5 + r, -3*y = -3*d - 21 for d.
-3
Let t(m) be the second derivative of -m**3/6 + 17*m**2/2 - 12*m. Let l be t(16). Solve 2*d + 1 = -l, -5*n = -d + 14 for n.
-3
Suppose 7*l - 19 = 16. Solve x - 26 - 1 = -5*q, -l*x = -4*q + 10 for x.
2
Suppose 13*o = 33*o - 60. Solve -i = u - 7, 4 = -i + o*i for u.
5
Let i = 71 + -69. Solve -g - i*m - 6 = 0, -m - 3 = -g - g for g.
0
Let m = -69 - -75. Let u(j) = -j**2 + 5*j - 2. Let w be u(4). Let o = m - w. Solve 2*f - v + 2 = -0, -o*v = 0 for f.
-1
Suppose -2*n = 2 - 10. Suppose -2*a = -3*a - 2*t + 22, 2*t = -n*a + 88. Let f = a + -10. Solve 2*v + h - 11 = -3, 4*v - f = -h for v.
2
Let f be (-3)/(-18) - (-37)/(-6). Let l be 3/(f + 3) - -3. Solve -2*z + 20 = -l*g + z, 3*g + 3*z = 0 for g.
-4
Suppose 57 = -10*m + 7*m. Let n = -9 - m. Suppose 4*i - 18 - n = 4*w, 5*w = 0. Solve i*j + 2*h = 2*j + 21, j = -h + 3 for j.
5
Suppose 0 = 3*s - 2*n - 1, 0 = 5*n - 19 - 1. Solve -4*c + s*c = -2, -3*f - 1 = 4*c for f.
-3
Let f(u) = -u - 94. Let w be f(-15). Let y = w - -82. Solve -4*z + 10 = -2*o, y*o + o = -3*z - 9 for z.
1
Let i = 191 - 186. Solve 26 = -0*n + 4*n + 2*f, -35 = -4*n - i*f for n.
5
Let z(u) = -2*u - 2. Let j be z(4). Let g be 4/10 - 256/j. Let f = 297 + -294. Solve 4*x = -3*k - g, 0*x - 2*k = f*x + 19 for x.
-5
Suppose -72 = 8*o - 16*o. Solve 0 = -c - 2*x + 5*x - o, -2*c - 2*x = 2 for c.
-3
Let f(s) = s**3 - 8*s**2 + 18*s - 34. Let n be f(6). Solve 2 = 2*w - o, -4*w + n*o = o - 6 for w.
2
Let u(m) = -2*m**3 + 16*m**2 + 20*m - 13. Let s be u(9). Solve 1 = 2*y + s*w + 22, -y = -3*w - 6 for y.
-3
Let g = 152 + -101. Suppose -10*i + g = -29. Solve -x + 5 = 2*p + i, -p + 2*x + 6 = 0 for p.
0
Let k be (-3 - (-1)/3)*-3. Let q be (-3)/(-4 + 26/k). Solve -16 = q*n, -5*p - n = 2*n + 17 for p.
-1
Suppose 0 = -4*y + 4, 2*g + 3*g - y = 24. Let r(v) = -v - 6. Let z be r(-8). Solve -4*w - 8 = -l, 11 = -g*w + 3*l - z*l for w.
-3
Let h = -22 - -20. Let x be 2 + -1 - (1 + h). Solve 2*o - 6 = 4*n, -9 = 4*n - 3*o - x*o for n.
-1
Let d = -290 + 311. Solve j - 2*s - 33 = -4*j, -j + 4*s + d = 0 for j.
5
Suppose 44 = -20*d + 124. Solve -5*f + d*f + 3*k = 3, -2*f = 5*k - 16 for f.
3
Let n = -15 - -18. Let f be ((-12)/(-4) - 2) + n. Solve 3*z + 7 = -q, z - f*q - 12 = -36 for z.
-4
Let t = -11 + 14. Suppose 0 = -0*m + t*m - 114. Let s = -18 + m. Solve -2*u = 4*p - s, 4*p = -3*u - 0*u + 22 for p.
4
Let b(n) = n - 9. Let p be b(13). Suppose p*f - 5*f = 0. Solve -4*o - 3*g + 19 = f, o + 0*g - 21 = -4*g for o.
1
Let h(n) = -n**3 + 32*n**2 - 58*n - 45. Let i be h(30). Solve 4*q = -3*a + 5*q + 14, 3*q + i = 0 for a.
3
Let x(z) = -14*z + 59. Let n be x(4). Solve 2*o = -g - n*o + 5, 5*o - 5 = 3*g for g.
0
Suppose -2*s + 1 = b + 26, 0 = -3*s - b - 37. Let t be ((-4)/(-4))/((-4)/s). Solve -4*j - 2*y + 17 = y, -9 = -t*j - y for j.
2
Let t(k) = -k**3 + 10*k**2 + 13*k + 3. Let u be t(11). Let s = -19 + u. Suppose -30 = -s*b - 0*b. Solve f = -3*z - 4*f - b, 0 = 3*z + 3*f - 3 for z.
5
Suppose 11*u - 9*u = -20*u. Solve 6*x - 3*x = -3*k + 15, 4*x - 2*k - 14 = u for x.
4
Let x = 7 - 7. Solve -6 = 2*g + 4*d - x*d, -g = d - 1 for g.
5
Suppose 9*k = 24 + 3. Solve -k*a - 1 = 5*z - 6*a, 3*z = a + 1 for z.
1
Let r = 130 - 81. Let z = r - 47. Solve -16 = -5*f + 2*f - j, f + z*j = 12 for f.
4
Suppose 0 = -4*v + v - k + 64, 5*k = -3*v + 68. Solve -v = -2*d - 3*w, -4 - 3 = -4*d + w for d.
3
Suppose 8*d + 0 = 32. Suppose d*c + 3*x = c + 6, -2*x = 4*c - 10. Solve -4*q + 0*h = -5*h + 26, -6 = 3*q + c*h for q.
-4
Let u be 2/4 - (-19)/2. Let o be (18/45)/(2/u). Let h be 1/(-5) + 168/40. Solve 4*s = o*s - 5*p - 24, -4*s = h*p + 24 for s.
-2
Suppose 10 = 277*p - 272*p. Solve -p*o + 0*o = y - 4, 5*o - 16 = -y for o.
4
Suppose 5*x - 314 = 121. Let m = x - 85. Solve 5*a = -15, 4*a + 27 = -5*d + m*d for d.
-5
Suppose w = -4*w + 3*z - 5, 0 = -4*w + z - 4. Let v be w - (-12)/((-4)/(-1)). Let m = 5 - v. Solve 4*i - 13 = 2*k - k, 3*i = 5*k - m for k.
3
Suppose -5*y + 4*y = 2*v - 8, 3*y + 5*v = 22. Suppose -j + y = -27. Let q be (-13)/(-5) + 9/(-15). Solve 3*b = 4*n + j, -q*n - 6*b + 17 = -b for n.
-4
Suppose 372 = -5*z + 397. Solve 4*q = -2*l + 6 - 0, 5*l = -z for q.
2
Let o be 3/(-2)*(-40)/12. Let n = -3326 + 3333. Solve -n = i + o*x + 5, 8 = i - 5*x for i.
-2
Let l(t) = t**3 + 3*t**2 + 16. Let f be l(-4). Solve -4*d - y + 13 = f, 3*d = y + 13 + 2 for d.
4
Let y(l) = l**3 - 9*l**2 + 9*l - 8. Suppose 0*m + 3*a + 1 = -m, 0 = 5*m - a - 43. Let g be y(m). Solve 5*s + 4*f - 5*f + 17 = g, -3*s = -2*f + 6 for s.
-4
Suppose 0 = -18*z + 5*z + 25 + 27. Let c(o) = o + 7. Let y be c(-6). Solve -3*x + 0*x + 2*l + y = 0, -z*x + 4*l + 8 = 0 for x.
-3
Let b(d) = -3*d - 1. Let r be b(-2). Let m(c) = -7 - 7 + 7*c + 11 + c**2. Let p be m(-8). Solve -5*q - 11 - 4 = -r*t, 2*t = -p*q - 22 for t.
-1
Let r be 5/3*(-168)/(-40). Suppose 0*d + 3 = d. Solve -p - 22 = -5*w, -d*w = -w - p - r for w.
5
Let z be 1*4 - (3 + 9). Let t be 23 + (z/2)/8*2. Let x be (-2)/(-7) - 12/(-7). Solve -4*w + x*n = -t, -3*n - 17 = -4*w + 2*w for w.
4
Suppose 2*i = -12 + 16. Suppose -o = i*o. Solve -k = -4*w + 12, o = 2*w - 3*k - 4 - 12 for w.
2
Suppose 154 = 8*n + 26. Solve -z = 2*g - 4, 2*z - 6*z + n = g for z.
4
Suppose 5*d - 3*b = 27, -2 = -d - d - b. Suppose 0 = 14*r - 15*r + 63. Suppose 0*i = -i + 2*s + 18, -3*i + r = -3*s. Solve d*t - i = 3*a, -4 = -t + 1 for a.
-3
Let d be (-9)/12 + (-24)/(-32). Solve d + 11 = -t - 2*g, -3*g = 9 for t.
-5
Suppose -3*q = -2*g - 9 - 5, -26 = -5*q + 4*g. Suppose -q*n - n = -6. Let h be (4 - (-1 - -3))*n. Solve 3*c + 8 = l, h*c - 1 = 4*l - 9 for c.
-3
Suppose -7*u = -2*u + 500. Let c = u + 100. Solve -s + 4*d - 3 = c, 4*d = 4*s - 6 - 6 for s.
5
Suppose 4*q - 64 = -3*j, q = -2*q + 3*j + 69. Solve 0 = 3*b + 4*p + 21, -b - 3*p + 7 = q for b.
-3
Suppose -4*m = -x - 0*m + 8, -5*x - 3*m - 75 = 0. Let v = x + 16. Solve -2*g = 3*g + 4*h + 6, 0 = -2*g - 2*h - v for g.
2
Let d = -114 - -117. Solve 0 = -d*h - 3*m - 3, -7*h + 2*m = -3*h + 10 for h.
-2
Let o be (-1)/(0 + -1)*0. Suppose o = -4*u + 4 + 4. Let h(g) = g**3 + 15*g**2 + 15*g + 18. Let k be h(-14). Solve u*b + k*j = 24, -2*b + 3*j - 2 = 2 for b.
4
Let g be (-2)/3*(-9)/(-2). Let x be (-1 + -8)*g/9. Suppose 0 = x*s - 9. Solve -2*q + 7 = -o, -21 = -s*q + o + 4*o for q.
2
Let x(m) = -m**3 - 13*m**2 + m - 172. Let i be x(-14). Solve 4*v - 8 = 8*v + 2*l, 4*v + i = -3*l for v.
-1
Suppose a - f + 24 = 2*a, 0 = -4*a - f + 81. Solve 3*n - g + 6 = a, -11 = -4*n - 5*g for n.
4
Let j be 2 + -4 - (-2 - -20). Let x = j - -22. Solve -5*q = -x*q + 9, 2*p + 5*q + 9 = 0 for p.
3
Let v = 113 - 107. Let k = v - 3. Solve -z + 3*q = -k*z + 14, 0 = z + q - 6 for z.
4
Let v be 84/5 + 27/135. Suppose -4*k = 3*u - 71, v = -3*k + 2*u + 83. Let n = 24 - k. Solve 3*g + f + 13 = 2*f, 4
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The scholarship is a contribution to the living expenses for the duration of the master’s programme at Maastricht University with a maximum of 12 months.
Sabic Europe scholarship 2012-2013
Allowance per month, € 800, arranged and paid by the Scholarship Office
Health and liability insurance, € 500, Arranged and paid by the Scholarship Office
Visa costs, € 600, Paid by the Scholarship Office
Application and selection
Please download the application form for the Sabic Europe scholarship.
The deadline for submitting a scholarship application is 1 March 2013.
In order to be eligible for a scholarship, you need to be admitted to a master’s programme. This means that we need a complete file, for the Msc programme also, before 1 March 2013.
Therefore we advise students to take the gmat- or gre, Toefl/Ielts test before 10th February. Please include your scholarship application in your master’s application and upload this document in the category ‘Apply for Scholarship’ in My UM. We will not be able to take your application into consideration if we receive it via regular mail or e-mail.
The Faculty will rank the scholarship candidates. The Maastricht University Scholarship Committee and SABIC Europe will make the final decision. Applicants will be informed about the selection outcome mid April.
For the scholarship assessment, the Scholarship Committee takes all elements of the application into account, including the level of previous study programmes, academic excellence, motivation, status of the home institution, the connection with the prior study programme, future career plans and the references.
Please check the terms and conditions of the University Fund Limburg scholarships before applying.
Available Scholarships
Overview of Maastricht University scholarships. Select the scholarship of your choice for more information about this scholarship.
If you can not activate the link, then the information is not yet available. We will update the information as soon as possible.
The scholarship is a contribution to the living expenses for the duration of the master’s programme at Maastricht University with a maximum of 12 months.
Sabic Europe scholarship 2012-2013
Allowance per month, € 800, arranged and paid by the Scholarship Office
Health and liability insurance, € 500, Arranged and paid by the Scholarship Office
Visa costs, € 600, Paid by the Scholarship Office
Application and selection
Please download the application form for the Sabic Europe scholarship.
The deadline for submitting a scholarship application is 1 March 2013.
In order to be eligible for a scholarship, you need to be admitted to a master’s programme. This means that we need a complete file, for the Msc programme also, before 1 March 2013.
Therefore we advise students to take the gmat- or gre, Toefl/Ielts test before 10th February. Please include your scholarship application in your master’s application and upload this document in the category ‘Apply for Scholarship’ in My UM. We will not be able to take your application into consideration if we receive it via regular mail or e-mail.
The Faculty will rank the scholarship candidates. The Maastricht University Scholarship Committee and SABIC Europe will make the final decision. Applicants will be informed about the selection outcome mid April.
For the scholarship assessment, the Scholarship Committee takes all elements of the application into account, including the level of previous study programmes, academic excellence, motivation, status of the home institution, the connection with the prior study programme, future career plans and the references.
Please check the terms and conditions of the University Fund Limburg scholarships before applying.
Available Scholarships
Overview of Maastricht University scholarships. Select the scholarship of your choice for more information about this scholarship.
If you can not activate the link, then the information is not yet available. We will update the information as soon as possible.
Our scholarships are given from the 2nd year through the 4th year, maximal 3 years (i.e. S1). The scholarship is an additional one, not a full grant. We pay an additional examination bonus and a TOEFL bonus if your score is more than 500. We give our grantees also the opportunity for extra training (leadership, entrepreneurship etc)
Pre-registration steps
The pre-registration consists of two steps: STEP ONE. Submit your basic data before 26th of March 2013. After that day your pre-registration will not be accepted anymore.
STEP TWO. When you are selected by the university/academy as a potential candidate, you have to submit before 30th of April additional data and documents:
Proofs of the underprivileged state of your parents or family : letter from Lurah (SKTM), family card (KK), or the statement and recommendation from your university or academy, that you are economically underprivileged, and as such accepted in the first year.
Proof of your IPK (> 3,0) in the last odd semester ofthe current year
In STEP ONE of the pre-registration you have to declare that you are able to deliver these proofs before the deadline given. If not, you can’t be proposed to VDMS.
Follow up
After you have passed STEP TWO and delivered all the required documents, you will be proposed by the university/academy for a scholarship to VDMS.
If you are accepted, you will receive your grant at the end of the first month of the new study year, which can be July, August or September.
Your grant will be paid directly to your bank account.You still want to pre-register? Apply Now! At least before26th March.
Our scholarships are given from the 2nd year through the 4th year, maximal 3 years (i.e. S1). The scholarship is an additional one, not a full grant. We pay an additional examination bonus and a TOEFL bonus if your score is more than 500. We give our grantees also the opportunity for extra training (leadership, entrepreneurship etc)
Pre-registration steps
The pre-registration consists of two steps: STEP ONE. Submit your basic data before 26th of March 2013. After that day your pre-registration will not be accepted anymore.
STEP TWO. When you are selected by the university/academy as a potential candidate, you have to submit before 30th of April additional data and documents:
Proofs of the underprivileged state of your parents or family : letter from Lurah (SKTM), family card (KK), or the statement and recommendation from your university or academy, that you are economically underprivileged, and as such accepted in the first year.
Proof of your IPK (> 3,0) in the last odd semester ofthe current year
In STEP ONE of the pre-registration you have to declare that you are able to deliver these proofs before the deadline given. If not, you can’t be proposed to VDMS.
Follow up
After you have passed STEP TWO and delivered all the required documents, you will be proposed by the university/academy for a scholarship to VDMS.
If you are accepted, you will receive your grant at the end of the first month of the new study year, which can be July, August or September.
Your grant will be paid directly to your bank account.You still want to pre-register? Apply Now! At least before26th March.
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Gaussian beam transmission and reflection from a general anisotropic multilayer structure.
Transmission and reflection of Gaussian beams from a general anisotropic multilayer structure are investigated. The principal axes of the layers are oriented arbitrarily with respect to each other and with respect to a fixed reference coordinate system. The Gaussian beam is assumed to have an arbitrary angle of incidence and linear polarization orientation. Two numerical examples are presented: a single slab of uniaxial calcite and a multilayer structure of biaxial 4-(N, N-dimethylamino)-3-acet amidonitrobenzene with antireflection coatings on the input and output faces. Results show the distortions of the beam caused by the anisotropy of the structure.
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The path to the NFL hasn’t been an easy one for Elijah Wilkinson. The big offensive lineman has worked his way up the Denver Broncos’ depth chart by the sweat of his brow, without the benefit of draft pedigree or financial commitment from the team.
Going undrafted in 2017 out of Massachusettes, Wilkinson signed with the Broncos as a raw offensive tackle prospect. He did enough as a rookie to earn a place on the team’s practice squad and was even called up to the active roster where he spent nine weeks of the season.
2018, however, was where things really turned for Wilkinson. The Broncos have focused on ‘cross training’ their backup O-linemen and Wilkinson embraced it with gusto, becoming a swing tackle and guard.
This time, he made the 53-man roster out of training camp and when injuries struck the Broncos’ starting five, he was thrust into the lineup at right guard. Wilkinson ended up starting seven games there.
Fast forward to today, and Elijah Wilkinson has put his best foot forward, serving as the Broncos’ backup left tackle and swing guard. He’s seen most of his snaps at LT and but has filled in pretty much everywhere except at center. Wilkinson’s play is catching the attention of onlookers and perhaps most importantly, his offensive coordinator.
When asked which player has stood out most to him thus far, Rich Scagarello named Wilkinson.
“I'll say Elijah Wilkinson, the tackle that was here the day we got here,” Scangarello said on Sunday. “He was an undrafted free agent coming out of college, I believe. He was a lot heavier, he's lost weight. He's a very athletic and a great scheme fit. I just like the way he works out here. I think [Offensive Line Coach] Mike Munchak has done a great job honing out his skillset and really helping him develop. I think he is a good football player. I think he is a guy that we are very happy with up to this point.”
If your name is Garett Bolles, you’ve got to take the mention of Wilkinson by the OC as a shot across the bow. Bolles has been modestly solid thus far but had one of the big face-palm moments of camp when he got turned around by DeMarcus Walker and ‘sacked’ Joe Flacco himself.
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Meanwhile, Wilkinson is acquitting himself well, earning praise from his coaches and teammates. Following Monday’s practice, defensive end Adam Gotsis talked about what makes Wilkinson a formidable matchup.
“I’ve gone against Eli, I think, a couple reps, out there on team,” Gotsis said. “Eli’s really good. He has heavy hands, good feet. If he gets those paws on you, he’s going to lock you down. It’s been awesome to watch him grow from when he came in as a rookie as well. He’s just gotten better, better and better... He’s a hell of a football player.”
We talk about how defensive players will benefit from the ‘Fangio bump’ but Wilkinson’s trajectory shows that such a thing as the ‘Munchak bump’ exists, too. Mike Munchak is considered to be one of the league’s best O-line coaches, who’s helped former undrafted players become Pro Bowlers, like Pittsburgh Steelers LT Allejandro Villanueva.
It’s way too early to use the PB phrase with regard to Elijah Wilkinson but at the very least, his impressive performance thus far helps to assuage the concern that if something happened to either of Denver’s starting tackles, there’s a solid player who could step into the breach and plug a hole.
At best, Wilkinson could be gunning for Bolles’ starting job. I wouldn’t worry too much about Bolles losing his job quite yet. The Broncos brought in Munchak for a reason and they’ll give their former first-round pick every opportunity to succeed before cutting bait.
But if that time comes, Elijah Wilkinson will be ready.
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Q:
Visual studio 2015 preview new project error
I have downloaded Visual Studio 2015 Preview and I can`t start a new project(all types of projects).When I try to start it gives me an error: "Unable to instantiate custom import collection type." .Maybe someone have had this type of error and know solution? Thanks.
A:
I'm getting the same issue, if it helps to figure out the cause I reinstalled VS 2015 CTP5 because I was experiencing some other odd behaviour.
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Ice Cream
Sweet and creamy ice cream is the perfect complement to baked goods, especially on a hot day! While we are known for our cakes and cookies, we also whip up a range of delicious ice cream options. Our mission to provide fresh and flavorful dessert options inspired us to make our own ice cream. No matter if you are craving a small scoop for a rich sundae, our bakery has what you want.
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Q:
Proving the curl of a gradient is zero
I'm having trouble proving $$\nabla\times(\nabla f)=0$$ using index notation. I have started with: $$(\hat{e_i}\partial_i)\times(\hat{e_j}\partial_j f)=\partial_i\partial_jf(\hat{e_i}\times\hat{e_j})=\epsilon_{ijk}(\partial_i\partial_j f)\hat{e_k}$$
I know I have to use the fact that $\partial_i\partial_j=\partial_j\partial_i$ but I'm not sure how to proceed.
A:
The point is that the quantity $M_{ijk}=\epsilon_{ijk}\partial_i\partial_j$ is antisymmetric in the indices $ij$,
$$M_{ijk}=-M_{jik}$$
So when you sum over $i$ and $j$, you will get zero because $M_{ijk}$ will cancel $M_{jik}$ for every triple $ijk$.
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Michigan wide receiver Csont'e York was suspended indefinitely after news broke that he was allegedly involved in an assault that took place on July 18. Now, the Ann Arbor police department has released video of York destroying a guy with a sucker punch outside of an Ann Arbor bar.
York is the guy in the fishing hat near the top of the frame. One of York's teammates, Da'Mario Jones, starts jawing with a guy as York very carefully sets up his shot and then just unloads on the poor bastard. The dude who got hit lost a tooth and broke his jaw in three places, which he had to have wired shut.
According to the police report, this happened because of an argument about hockey and football. From MLive:
A witness described for police what happened after he and the victim left Scorekeepers. "A group of people were arguing about football and hockey. Everyone was talking … crap. ... (The victim) was jaw-jacking. All (of a) sudden, the guy just came up and cold clocked (the victim)."
York will be charged with a count of aggravated assault and two counts of assault and battery.
[MLive]
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Tag: Ernie DIngo
When Down Under Flix surveyed readers on their Australian film viewing habits last year, 1980’s Manganinnie was the least seen film about Indigenous Australians (98%) and tied with 2003’s Subterano (also 98%) as the least seen film of the survey. But where sci-fi chiller Subterano arguably never made a dent in the first place, Manganinnie was the first production (of just two, alas) of the Tasmanian Film Corporation, was nominated for five AFI Awards including Best Film, Director, and Actress, and made a modest profit. However, the film has been somewhat forgotten, dwarfed in the popular consciousness by other releases of its era such as My Brilliant Career, Mad Max, and Breaker Morant, films that are outwardly more stylish and accessible.
Bruce Beresford is undisputedly one of the great Australian filmmakers. Between 1972 and 1981, he helped usher in and worked at the coalface of the Australian film renaissance, helming a succession of classics and quasi-classics. The Adventures of Barry McKenzie, Barry McKenzie Holds His Own, Don’s Party, The Getting of Wisdom, Breaker Morant, The Club, and Puberty Blues all bear his name as director, and together constitute a remarkable straddling of genres and high/low art divides, from the broad ocker fare of the McKenzie films (which repulsed the cultural elite but still managed to net a Gough Whitlam cameo) to the earnest heritage drama of The Getting of Wisdom. He adapted Australia’s most topical playwright (David Williamson) twice, helped popularize our greatest dame (Edna Everage), and tackled politics (Don’s Party), adolescence (Puberty Blues), sports culture and commerce (The Club), and Australian-British historical relations and colonial identity (Breaker Morant). Beresford’s subsequent career has alternated between overseas films, including the Academy Award-winning Driving Miss Daisy, and a handful of Australian productions & co-productions including this week’s film The Fringe Dwellers, Black Robe, Paradise Road, and Mao’s Last Dancer.
I first watched Dead Heart back in 2000, as part of a course at university. In recent days I’ve been thinking back on all the other Australian films I studied at university (in a degree comprising various screen and literature courses, including one specifically on Australian cinema, there were quite a few) and pondering where those films have landed, culturally speaking, in subsequent years. Wake in Fright, which we watched on a scratchy, dog-eared print, has enjoyed a critical and cultural resurgence in recent years and is soon to be adapted for television by the director of Red Dog. Other films, such as A Sunday Too Far Away and Two Hands, have sort of plateaued, remaining constant in their standing. And others like Dead Heart, then only a few years old, have faded from the spotlight and aren’t really part of the cultural conversation. In this particular case, it’s a shame, because Dead Heart is an excellent flick.
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Michael Deacon (actor)
Michael Deacon (1933 – 2000) was a Scottish actor.
His many stage appearances included roles for venues such as the Hampstead Theatre, Mercury Theatre, Colchester, Pentameters Theatre and the Finborough Theatre. In 1995, he played the title role in Who is Eddie Linden at The Old Red Lion in Islington. The play was adapted by William Tanner from Sebastian Barker's biography of poet and literary magazine editor Eddie Linden.
Deacon was also a highly distinguished radio actor, particularly for the BBC. His BBC Radio work ranged from productions of major classics and important new works to the long-running soap opera The Archers, in which he played the Vicar of Ambridge, Jerry Buckle. He also provided the voice of Gríma Wormtongue in the animated film The Lord of the Rings (1978) and can be heard in many roles in commercially available audio productions of Shakespeare plays. He also played many television roles and was in the film A Kind of Loving (1962), directed by John Schlesinger, playing Les.
He died of lung cancer on 26 December 2000 in Northwood, Middlesex, England.
References
External links
Category:Scottish male television actors
Category:Scottish male film actors
Category:1933 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Deaths from cancer in England
Category:20th-century Scottish male actors
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Peptides and ATP binding cassette peptide transporters.
In this review our knowledge of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters specific for peptides is discussed. Besides serving a role in nutrition of the cell, the systems participate in various signaling processes that allow (micro)organisms to monitor the local environment. In bacteria, these include regulation of gene expression, competence development, sporulation, DNA transfer by conjugation, chemotaxis, and virulence development, and the role of ABC transporters in each of these processes is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the specificity determinants of peptide receptors and transporters in relation to their structure and to the mechanisms of peptide binding.
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// Copyright 2015
// Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing (UKP) Lab
// Technische Universität Darmstadt
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
[[sect_typesystem]]
= Type System
== Types
To add a new type, first locate the relevant module. Typically types are added to an *API* module
because types are supposed to be independent of individual analysis tools. In rare circumstances,
a type may be added to an I/O or tool module, e.g. because the type is experimental and needs to
be tested in the context of that module - or because the type is highly specific to that module.
Typically, there is only a single descriptor file called `dkpro-types.xml`. Within a module, we keep
this descriptor in the folder `src/main/resources` under the top-level package plus _type_ name of
the module. E.g. for the module
[source,text]
----
dkpro-core-api-semantics-asl
----
the type descriptor would be
[source,text]
----
src/main/resources/de/tudarmstadt/ukp/dkpro/core/api/semantics/type/dkpro-types.xml
----
NOTE: For the time being, descriptors in `src/main/resources/desc/type` are also supported.
However, this support is going to be removed in the future.
== Type descriptors
If there is no suitable type descriptor file yet, create a new one.
When a new type system descriptor has been added to a module, it needs to be registered with
uimaFIT. This happens by creating the file
src/main/resources/META-INF/org.apache.uima.fit/types.txt
consisting of a list of type system descriptor locations prefixed with `classpath*:`, e.g.:
[source,text]
----
classpath*:de/tudarmstadt/ukp/dkpro/core/api/semantics/type/dkpro-types.xml
----
NOTE: The type system location corresponds to the location within the classpath at runtime, thus
`src/main/resources` is stripped from the beginning.
== Documentation
=== Type descriptors
To play nicely with the automatic documentation generation system, the following points should be
observed when creating a new type descriptor file:
Name:: field of the type descriptor corresponds to the *section* under which the types
declared in the descriptor appear. If a type descriptor name field is e.g. *Syntax*, all types
declared in the file will appear under that heading in the documentation. Multiple descriptors
can declare the same name and the types declared in them are listed in the documentation in
alphabetical order.
Description:: field should be emtpy. Create instead a `sectionIntroXXX.adoc` file under
`src/main/asciidoc/typesystem-reference` in the `dkpro-core-doc` module (`XXX` is the name of the
section - see *Name* above).
Version:: should be set to `${version}`. If it does not exist yet, create a file
`src/filter/filter.properties` in the module that creates the new type descriptor with the
following content:
+
[source,text,indent=0]
----
include::{source-dir}dkpro-core-api-lexmorph-asl/src/filter/filter.properties[]
----
+
Also add the following section to the `pom.xml` file in the respective module:
+
[source,xml,indent=0]
----
include::{source-dir}dkpro-core-api-lexmorph-asl/pom.xml[tags=version-filtering]
----
+
NOTE: Replace the pattern inside the `include` and `exclude` elements with the location of your
type descriptor file, e.g. `de/tudarmstadt/ukp/dkpro/core/api/semantics/type/*.xml`.
=== Types
When creating a new type or feature, you can use HTML tags to format the description. Line breaks,
indentation, etc. will not be preserved. Mind that the description will be placed into the JavaDoc
for the generated JCas classes as well as into the auto-generated DKPro Core documentation.
== JCas classes
Instead of pre-generating the JCas classes and storing them in the version control, we use the
_jcasgen-maven-plugin_ to automatically generate JCas classes at build time. The automatic
generation of JCas classes need to be explictily enabled for modules containing types. This
is done by placing a file called `.activate-run-jcasgen` in the module root with the content
[source,xml,indent=0]
----
include::{source-dir}dkpro-core-api-lexmorph-asl/.activate-run-jcasgen[]
----
NOTE: Actually the content is irrelevant, but it is a good idea to place a note here regarding the
purpose of the file.
However, in some we customized the JCas classes, e.g. we added the method
`DocumentMetaData.get(JCas)`. Such classes are excluded from being generated automatically by
placing them in a second descriptor file called `dkpro-types-customized.xml`, e.g.
[source,text]
----
src/main/resources/de/tudarmstadt/ukp/dkpro/core/api/semantics/type/dkpro-types-customized.xml
----
NOTE: The `dkpro-types-customized.xml` descriptor must be also registered with uimaFIT in the
`types.txt` file.
== Compliance validation
Often a type comes with a certain policy. For example, root nodes in a dependency relation tree
should have the type `ROOT` and the features `governor` and `dependent` should point to the same
token. Another example would be that if a constituent is a child of another constituent, then its
`parent` feature should be set accordingly.
To ensure that all components adhere to such policies, it is a good idea to implement checks for
them. This can be done simply by placing a new check implementation into the package
`de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.testing.validation.checks` in the testing module. Tests implemented
with `TestRunner` and `IOTestRunner` use these unit tests automatically. All other checks should invoke
`AssertAnnotations.assertValid(jcas)`.
.Example check ensuring that parent of constituents and tokens is properly set (shortened)
[source,java,indent=0]
----
include::{source-dir}dkpro-core-testing-asl/src/main/java/de/tudarmstadt/ukp/dkpro/core/testing/validation/checks/ParentSetCheck.java[tags=check-example]
----
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Simulating the Wess-Zumino supersymmetry model in optical lattices.
We study a cold atom-molecule mixture in two-dimensional optical lattices. We show that, by fine-tuning the atomic and molecular interactions, the Wess-Zumino supersymmetry (SUSY) model in 2+1 dimensions emerges in the low-energy limit and can be simulated in such mixtures. At zero temperature, SUSY is not spontaneously broken, which implies identical relativistic dispersions of the atom and its superpartner, a bosonic diatom molecule. This defining signature of SUSY can be probed by single-particle spectroscopies. Thermal breaking of SUSY at a finite temperature is accompanied by a thermal Goldstone fermion, i.e., phonino excitation. This and other signatures of broken SUSY can also be probed experimentally.
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Semilinear coherent optical oscillator with frequency shifted feedback.
It is shown that the saw-tooth variation of the cavity length in a photorefractive semilinear coherent oscillator can suppress the instability in the frequency domain and prevent a bifurcation in the oscillation spectrum. To achieve such a suppression the frequency of the cavity length modulation should be chosen appropriately. It depends on the photorefractive crystal parameters (electrooptic properties, photoconductivity, dimensions) and on the experimental conditions (pump intensity ratio, orientation of the pump and oscillation waves with respect to the crystallographic axes, polarization of the pump waves, etc. ). It depends also strongly on a possible misalignment of the two pump waves. On the other hand, within a certain range of the experimental parameters the mirror vibration may lead to a further frequency splitting in the already existing two-mode oscillation spectrum.
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The Pittsburgh Penguins have had some awfully weird injuries over the years, but an update about Alex Galchenyuk could be the strangest happening for an organization that has nothing but strange and unfortunate things happen to sideline players.
“This is going from the sublime to the ridiculous,” McKenzie said on NBCSN during the first intermission of Wednesday night’s game. “Galchenyuk was dealing with a soft tissue injury, believed to be a groin injury suffered in training camp. His rehab and recovery from that has been stalled because —get this — [he was] bit by a spider.”
Wut?
“Quite a significant allergic reaction to that spider bite,” McKenzie continued, “and that really put off some of the rehab and recovery he was doing. But he’s now on the road to recovery, they’re hoping another week or two for him.”
McKenzie also said in another 2-3 weeks Nick Bjugstad and Bryan Rust could return to the lineup and that Evgeni Malkin’s status remains the fuzziest. McKenzie noted the initial timeline on Malkin was 4-6 weeks, which we’ve heard before, but that no one really quite knows at this point just how the window could shift based on the healing process.
But still, Galchenyuk’s spider bite will be right up there with James Neal getting hurt in practice swinging a wiffle ball bat or Sidney Crosby’s swollen face due to the mumps or poor Beau Bennett injuring himself while celebrating a goal as some of the strangest things that have haunted this team.
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Activist Stacey Abrams (D) is calling Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp’s (R) decision to lift operating restrictions on some businesses during the Chinese coronavirus pandemic a “terrible decision.”
Abrams, who lost to Kemp in 2018 and is now under consideration to be former Vice President Joe Biden’s running mate, argued that reopening parts of Georgia’s economy would put low-wage workers in harm’s way.
“The more insidious part of what he’s doing is that he claims this is to support small business owners,” Abrams told CNN analyst David Axelrod on his podcast The Axe Files. “That may be true, but the front-line workers tend to be low-wage workers who, right now, because they are furloughed or cannot go to work, can collect unemployment and protect themselves.”
“Instead of fixing an unemployment system that is not processing people fast enough, his response is to send those people back to the front lines without the protective equipment that they need,” she added. “Without any assurances that the owners that they will work or will actually do what they’re supposed to.”
Kemp announced Monday that he will allow gyms, bowling alleys, barbers, and massage therapy businesses to reopen this Friday. The governor said workers and patrons should follow social distancing guidelines and monitor people for coronavirus symptoms such as a fever.
“This is a terrible decision that does not speak well of the governor or of his concern for human life,” Abrams said of the governor’s decision.
On Wednesday, President Donald Trump said he disagrees “strongly” with Kemp’s plans to partially reopen, but added that he wanted the governor to “do what he thinks is right.”
In addition to Georgia, Texas, South Carolina, and Tennessee are also planning to reopen parts of their respective states.
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Texas Tech has removed sophomore linebacker Dakota Allen from the team "due to a failure to uphold student-athlete expectations," the school announced.
Allen was the Red Raiders' top returning tackler from last year's team. That's a blow for a defense that ranked next-to-last in the country in stopping the run in 2015.
Texas Tech also dismissed reserve offensive linemen Robert Castaneda and Trace Ellison.
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RedeTV! News
RedeTV! News is the main newscast of RedeTV! anchored by Boris Casoy and Amanda Klein. It focuses on major events in Brazil and the world.
The superintendent of journalism and sports is the journalist Franz Vacek.
Correspondents
Fábio Borges (Los Angeles)
Jacques Gomes Filho (Buenos Aires)
Luiza Duarte (Hong Kong)
Marcelo Medeiros (New York)
Mário Camera (Paris)
References
Category:Brazilian television news programmes
Category:RedeTV! programmes
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Progressive spastic paraplegia: the combination of Scheuermann's disease, a short-segmented kyphosis and dysplastic thoracic spinous processes.
Case report. To describe a rare case of paraplegia in a patient with Scheuermann's disease and dysplastic thoracic spinous processes. Spinal Cord Injury Center, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. The authors report on a 15-year-old boy with progressive incomplete spastic paraplegia presenting segmental dysplastic thoracic spinous processes and Scheuermann's disease. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a kyphotic angulation at T 5/6 and signs of myelopathy. Hypoplastic thoracic processes and hypoplastic paraspinal muscles in the upper thoracic spine were observed intraoperatively. In this case, dorsoventral stabilization from T 4-7 was performed and the neurological outcome improved at follow-up (6 months). Paraplegia can be accelerated in patients with Scheuermann's disease, severe kyphotic angulation and dysplastic posterior elements. After operative treatment, neurological recovery and a normal walking pattern were shown.
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Effects of reagent and instrument on prothrombin times, activated partial thromboplastin times and patient/control ratios.
Activated partial thromboplastin times accumulated from two proficiency testing surveys were analyzed to determine simultaneously the effects of the method and reagent used. Prothrombin time results were reevaluated concomitantly for comparison. A robust two-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the effect of method and reagent on APTT results. The effect of the reagent and method on the ratio of abnormal to normal plasma clotting times was determined. We found a substantial difference in ratios for the PT using different reagents on the same instrument. There was an even larger effect of reagents on APTT ratios. Our finding of substantial reagent effects for the PT and APTT clearly support the need for standardization. We found standardization to be feasible only for the PT, and only if applied in a form consistent with the inherent error structure of the data. For the APTT, the present methodology and plasma samples did not achieve consistent standardization.
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Couple finds hidden camera in Florida Airbnb Airbnb said it is "outraged" by the news.
-- Two people said they are upset after discovering a hidden camera pointed at the bed in a room they rented from the popular site Airbnb.
"My wife and I are distressed by this situation. I hope more victims will come forward," Derek Starnes told ABC News affiliate WFTS-TV of Tampa, Florida, after he said he found a camera hidden in the smoke detector of a room he rented through Airbnb on Longboat Key, just south of Tampa Bay.
Starnes said he was able to notice the obscured pinhole camera only because he works in the information technology sector.
Wayne Natt, 56, who posted the room on Airbnb, was arrested for video voyeurism and is currently out on bond. His arraignment is scheduled for next month. Neither he nor his attorney immediately responded to ABC News' request for comment Wednesday.
Airbnb told ABC News that Natt had an account on its website for two years and had at least 40 reviews. The company said it has permanently banned him from the site.
"We are outraged at the reports of what happened. As soon as we were made aware, we permanently banned this individual from our community and fully supported the affected guests," Benjamin Breit, a spokesperson for Airbnb, told ABC News in a statement.
"Our team has reached out to local law enforcement to aid them with their investigation of this egregious offense, and we hope justice is served. We take privacy issues extremely seriously and have a zero-tolerance policy against this behavior," Breit added.
Local authorities said they found two cameras hidden in smoke detectors at the property.
Lt. Bob Bourque of the Longboat Key Police Department told WFTS-TV that officers seized from Natt's home "a lot of computer storage data devices, hard drives, computers, laptops, S.D. cards, anything that would store data."
Experts recommend that people untrained in such matters look for hidden cameras by using the camera light on a smartphone to spot the reflection from a lens. There are also apps that claim they can detect hidden cameras. In addition, if you are extremely concerned about your privacy, you can also purchase an RF detector, which checks for wireless signals and may be able to detect hidden cameras.
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When hate invades a space known for tolerance, figuring out how to react can be the hardest part of the aftermath. The national conversation about the Orlando massacre has been focused on gun control and terrorism, and rightfully so, but there's an aspect to the discussion being avoided by the media: the impact gay bars have on the LGBTQ community.
Every queer person remembers their first gay bar. Good or bad, it's always more than just a bar experience. When you spend your life being a sexual minority, the gay bar is often the only outlet available to shape a sense of identity, an understanding, and a community.
The gay bar is often the only outlet available to shape a sense of identity, an understanding, and a community.
I first found my gay bar, my community, my refuge at Attitude Bar in St. Louis, Missouri in 1998. I can't remember if it was an all-ages night, but somehow I got in even though I was under 21. I remember looking around at the literal rainbow of people—black, white, male, female, young, old, skinny, fat—and feeling a sense of calm. It felt like I was holding on to this weird anxiety that I couldn't understand, and then all of a sudden it clicked, and the anxiety was gone, and finally I could stop hiding my Madonna CDs in Led Zeppelin CD cases.
I asked notable LGBTQ artists, writers, actors, and comedians about their first gay bar experience and the impact it had on their lives. Sometimes the story is good, sometimes it is bad, but one thing is for sure: everyone's first gay bar experience is a story. And everyone has one. In sharing their stories, they are taking a stance against hate, and honoring every victim of violence based on hate.
Getty Images
George Takei
I was a little apprehensive about going down an alley to a door with a red light over it. But I walked in and was immediately enwrapped by the warm scent of beer. There were guys playing pool and others standing around. There were guys sitting at the bar, some sitting intimately close together. The bartender was a good looking, friendly guy. My tension disappeared and I loosened. My guard eased, and I sat at the bar and started a conversation with a guy. It felt liberating. For the first time ever, I felt free.
Smallz & Raskind Getty Images
Cameron Esposito
I was 19 and went to an 18+ gay club outside Nashville with my older sister. She lived there at the time and we went with an older out friend of hers. I didn't yet realize I was gay–and she didn't know yet I was either–but the subtle messaging that it was okay to be gay and that gay spaces could be fun and welcoming mattered so much to me that when I did eventually begin dating women, she was the first person I told.
Frazer Harrison Getty Images
Bryan Safi
The first gay bar I went to was in the West Village, and I went alone. I must have walked past it a dozen times before I got the courage to go inside. The thing I remember most clearly is a group of guys playing pool and talking about Kate Burton's performance in Hedda Gabler. It was Heaven.
Mark Metcalfe Getty Images
Jake Shears
I was 18 and had an ID that I found from some 30 year old dude... I realized if I dressed in drag, the bouncer would be none the wiser. So every Friday I would dress in drag and go by myself to a bar called 21st Century Foxes in Seattle. I called myself Cubic Zirconia and got up every week and did a James Bond number.
JB Lacroix Getty Images
Perez Hilton
Before I ever set foot in a gay club or bar, I went to the now defunct the Big Cup coffee shop in NYC's Chelsea neighborhood. I not only felt safe there but I also felt so accepted and welcome. Thank you to all of the gay business owners who are brave enough to create these homes for us, for creating jobs for our own and for creating community.
David Livingston Getty Images
Heather Matarazzo
My first gay bar was the Meow Mix on the Lower East Side in New York City. It was the first time in my life that I was surrounded by other lesbians. The feeling of finally being able to feel safe and at home with others who were like me was incredible. I never knew what it was to be a part of a community before then, and for the first time I didn't feel alone. I felt free, exalted, and full of deep joy.
Santiago Felipe Getty Images
Bob the Drag Queen
The first time I went to a gay bar was to the Mad Hatter in Columbus, Georgia, and the drag queen used to work at the Applebee's. I haven't stopped dancing since.
Jean Claude Dhien Getty Images
Frank DeCaro
My college friends at Northwestern and I were out of the closet big time, which, let me tell you, was a lot less common on campus in 1980 than it is now. As freshman that year, armed with our fake ID's, we would go every week to a gay bar in Chicago called the Bistro. It was a safe space, somewhere where we could be our outrageous selves and dance the night away. We never went home with anyone else. We were too young, too strange, too New Wave. We learned to be comfortable in our own skin there, dancing to Sylvester, Divine, and Lime. Thirty-six years later, I'm still close to all six members of that diverse group. I'll never like anyone better than I like those guys and never like a bar better than I did that place.
NBC Getty Images
Rhea Butcher
The first gay bar I ever went to was in my hometown of Akron, Ohio. I was both terrified and exhilarated. I remember looking and being looked at, and for the first time it was by people with whom I felt a strong community and, in retrospect, a familial connection.
Mike Windle Getty Images
Drew Droege
It was 1996. I was in college at Wake Forest University in Winston Salem, North Carolina, directing a production of Steel Magnolias and wearing lots of large olive turtlenecks with pleated khaki shorts. I was hosting weekly screenings of Female Trouble to shock and educate my friends. But I really didn't quite know what I was doing. Somehow I heard about this bar far off of Silas Creek Parkway. Three of my friends and I ventured down a long country road for about half an hour—we were honestly terrified. We landed at a strip mall, with a dollar store and a gold exchange and a small watering hole with a rainbow flag in the window called the Odyssey. We were not 21. We were trembling. We were welcomed inside. Sweet creepy smoke engulfed our nostrils, neon danced across our faces, people of all shapes and ages were celebrating together, and we all were free. To everyone around us, nothing special was happening. To the four of us from Wake Forest, everything special was happening.
Andrew Toth Getty Images
Omar Sharif, Jr.
The first time I went to a gay bar was in Montreal. It was a club called Unity. Wow, that name has taken new significance this week. Coming from Egypt, and growing up to scenes of gay-frequented establishments being violently raided by authorities, I was terrified. Within moments of arriving at Unity, however, I found community, love and acceptance. I felt safe to finally be myself.
Mike Pont Getty Images
Eliot Glazer
I'd say that going to my first gay bar was jarring. I didn't really get the appeal. There's almost something too "cool" when a gay guy says he's "not into the scene," which I've admittedly used as code for "I'm too smart to care about fitting in." But in the wake of Orlando, I'm reminded that a gay bar is not just a haven. Even though I disagree with a lot of the self-imposed rules gay men put upon ourselves, we are, at our core, still a community. An incredibly strong, active, and united front that broke down barriers at Stonewall, fought tooth and nail against a disease ignored by our government, and that has shaped global culture such that people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds are increasingly able to live their lives openly and honestly. And now, oddly enough, we may be the very people who bring about gun reform so that weapons of war no longer end up in the hands of maniacal, simple-minded, self-important cowards.
Jean Claude Dhien Getty Images
Michael Musto
In the 1970s, I went with a friend to the Barefoot Boy, a glitzy gay dance club on East 39th Street. I was initially nervous, but quickly became thrilled to find there was a world of sophisticated people with good dance moves and great senses of humor. I'd found my family.
Georgie Wileman Getty Images
Stephon Mendoza
On Halloween of 2013, I was 17 years old with a fake ID living in New York City. After being denied entrance at a straight club, I immediately took a cab with one of my gay friends and headed to XL nightclub. Once I arrived I was greeted by a six-foot-tall drag queen, and I knew my ruffle neckpiece and leather leggings would fit right in. Everyone welcomed me with open arms, and after dancing all night long I knew this was a place filled with acceptance, love, and positive energy.
Mike Pont Getty Images
Jeffery Self
I can't entirely recall my first gay bar experience as it most likely coincided with my first double vodka tonic experience. I do remember, however, that it was with a fake ID in New York City when I was 20. I remember feeling safe and free and extremely overwhelmed by the hot people. Today, when I visit a new city, I try to go to the local gay bar. It's a beautiful way to immediately feel at home. Even if you know no one there and even if you're all from different walks of life or ages or interests: there's something tribal. And it's beautiful. Go to your nearest gay bar, request "I Wanna Dance With Somebody," and just LIVE.
Beck Starr Getty Images
Christopher Rice
In 1996, if you wanted to be gay, you went to a bar. Period. There was really nowhere else to go to feel comfortable. In most American cities, if you went on a date with another man among the general public, you might do something to give yourself away, turning yourself into a target for either ridicule or violence. When I came out, I was thirsting for my own version of the prom I'd never had, the romantic movie dates I'd never been on, and the potential for all of those things was at the gay bar. It was literally the only place where I could feel comfortable expressing desires I had left pent up my entire life. But we were constantly being threatened. Our space was always being invaded. Sometimes they would be drunk closet cases that would seem like they'd wandered in by mistake, and at first, there would be something sexy about them. Like maybe they were there to be converted. Or to fall in love. But a lot of times these guys would make threats. A friend of mine who I knew from local theatre left the bar one night with a beautiful guy who'd been hitting on him for a while. As soon as they reached a dark corner, a gang of the guy's friends set upon him and beat him so badly his jaw was wired shut for weeks and he had to eat through a straw. In cities like New Orleans and Atlanta, everyone thought the gay neighborhoods were safe, but the truth was, these little comfortable pockets were only a ten-minute drive from some hotbed of religious fundamentalism, and it didn't take any effort at all for bigots to bring their madness to our doorstep.
JB Lacroix Getty Images
Zackary Drucker
I spent the first decade of my adult years in nightlife. I always felt like there was an unregulated and anything-is-possible element there, which is why people are drawn to it. I have seen violence erupt in a club more than once and have also been a target of that violence. Wherever unrestrained desire is expressed, there also exists an impulse to destroy that freedom; one person's utopia is another's dystopia. Without accepting each other's difference, or our own for that matter, we lose our humanity. LGBT uprisings and activism have originated directly from nightlife—so many significant moments in our history have occurred in bars and clubs. I hope that queer communities in the future will not be relegated to bars and clubs, but will be everywhere.
Kim Newmoney
Gabe Liedman
Every time I go out to a gay bar with friends, we run into more friends. Always. Walk in the door as a group of three, and you're eight in no time. It's where we meet each other, it's where we talk about work. For a natural introvert like me, gay bars are an exercise in being loved and known, where I have conversations without @-symbols. It's good to be physically present sometimes and accepted that way.
Slaven Vlasic Getty Images
Judy Gold
Imagine hiding a secret about yourself for your entire life—a secret that, if revealed, could cost you your job, your home, your family, your friends, and perhaps even your future. Imagine discovering in your youth that your true identity is considered shameful, disgusting, a mental illness, and illegal. You are terrified of being "found out," so you painstakingly overindulge in activities to prove to the outside world that you're just like them, that you're normal. You push away your disgraceful feelings like a lineman pushes his opponent at the 1st yard line.
Then imagine one day taking the biggest risk of your life by simply opening a door—a tangible door—and walking into a place where you no longer have to hide, a place where scores and scores of people who had shared the same secret surround you. But in this special place, the people had relinquished their secret, even if just for a few hours, and they were okay. In fact, they were more than okay. They were happy, proud and fearless. There was no shame or self loathing—only love, acceptance, and the best damn dance music you had ever heard in your life.
Bobby Quillard
Kit Williamson
I had my first kiss in a gay bar in New Orleans when I was 16. I had just come out to my sister, and I went to visit her at college. She brought me to the bar, cracked open a book in the corner, and told me to go "mingle." It was pretty crowded; there weren't any seats so I leaned against a trash can. My heart was beating fast, and I couldn't make eye contact with anyone. Finally, this kind of nerdy guy with glasses came up to talk to me. He was in town from Chile. We made out while Natalie Imbruglia's "Torn" played on the TV screen. I started to get scared he wanted to take things further—probably because he told me he wanted to take things further—and I wasn't ready for that (guess I was the one that was "torn"). But part of me was grateful to have such a mundane problem. I remember being terrified of hurting his feelings, but also feeling like for the first time in my life that I was normal. I told him I had to go to the bathroom, grabbed my sister, and ran into the night. I go back to that trash can every time I visit New Orleans.
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Ministers suffer three new Lords defeats on legal aid
The government has suffered three fresh House of Lords defeats over its plans to reform the legal aid system.
Peers voted to protect free advice when people seek to challenge cuts to their benefit and when they appeal to a higher court against verdicts.
They also backed an amendment to the legal aid demand that help be kept for obtaining expert reports in clinical negligence proceedings.
Ministers suffered another three Commons defeats on legal aid on Monday.
The government wants to save £350m from the Ministry of Justice budget by 2015.
Opponents argue that cuts outlined in the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Bill will damage people's rights, but the government says this is untrue.
'Greek parliament'
The amendment, proposed by Lib Dem Baroness Doocey, on legal aid for benefit cut challenges, passed by a majority of 39.
A second version, extending the right to appeal cases in higher courts, then passed by 28 votes.
And an amendment relating to clinical negligence got through by a majority of six.
But ministers defeated by six votes a motion proposed by crossbencher and former Paralympic athlete Baroness Grey-Thompson to bring all - not just some - aspects of clinical negligence cases back within the scope of legal aid.
Responding to the three defeats, a source close to Justice Secretary Ken Clarke told the BBC: "It's yet another example of Labour peers behaving like they're in the Greek parliament, not the House of Lords."
They added: "Everyone agrees that action has to be taken to tackle the deficit, but when it comes to the tough decisions that bring the spiralling cost of legal aid under control, they shrink."
On Monday, peers backed an amendment urging the protection of victims of domestic violence from funding cuts, and others on access to services and appointing a new official to oversee the system.
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1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly were held on February 25, 1957. 1393 candidates contested for the 264 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 54 two-member constituencies and 210 single-member constituencies.
State Reorganization
Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.
Results
See also
1957 elections in India
1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
References
1957
Category:1957 State Assembly elections in India
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Drain and discard marinade. In large skillet, brown shanks in remaining oil on all sides in batches. Place shanks in a 5- or 6-qt. slow cooker.
In the same skillet, combine the beer, honey, thyme, bay leaves, Dijon, garlic, salt, pepper and pepper flakes. Bring to a boil, stirring constantly. Pour over meat. Cover and cook on low for 6-8 hours or until meat and potatoes are tender, adding the potatoes during the last 2 hours of cooking.
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MOST POPULAR ARTICLES
Man claims black bear hit on Ga. 400
A driver struck a black bear on Ga. 400 north on Sunday night, and its carcass remained on the shoulder near Pilgrim Mill Road until another person claimed it.
The Forsyth County Sheriff’s Office received a report of the incident from a passer-by late Sunday night.
Sgt. Lee Brown with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources said a man filed paperwork at the Gainesville office Monday to take possession of the bear.
Anyone can claim a bear hit by a vehicle, Brown said, but the documents are required for DNR record-keeping purposes.
“Deer or anything else, there’s no paperwork involved, but on a bear … I have to get paperwork from DNR saying that I have possession of this bear, basically that I didn’t hunt it,” he said. “Because there’s a black market on bears and their parts, so we have to keep a record of bears, and who has them.”
Brown did not know why the man wanted to take the animal.
The female black bear weighed about 300 pounds and didn’t have any cubs, he said.
The age of the bear is not known, since the only true measure is to send one of its teeth to a laboratory for testing, he said.
“They cut it and count the rings in it, just like you count the rings in a tree to tell how old it is,” Brown said. “You can’t just look at a bear and tell how old it is.”
It’s not uncommon for black bears to be hit by vehicles, he said, adding that he’s has picked up several that have been struck, and seen the damage they’ve done to the cars too.
Several bears have been spotted this season in the area, which Brown said is likely due to fewer acorns in the mountains.
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We offer a competitive remuneration package, 5-DAY work, medical insurance, dental insurance to the right candidate. Interested parties are invited to send their applications with full resume stating availability date, present and expected salary to [email redacted, apply via Jobable]
Applicants not invited for interview within 6 weeks may consider their applications unsuccessful. Personal data provided by job applicants will be used strictly in accordance with our personal data policy and for recruitment purposes only.
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//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This software is Copyright (c) 2015 Embarcadero Technologies, Inc.
// You may only use this software if you are an authorized licensee
// of an Embarcadero developer tools product.
// This software is considered a Redistributable as defined under
// the software license agreement that comes with the Embarcadero Products
// and is subject to that software license agreement.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <fmx.h>
#pragma hdrstop
#include "anidemofrm.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#pragma package(smart_init)
#pragma resource "*.fmx"
#pragma resource ("*.Windows.fmx", _PLAT_MSWINDOWS)
TfrmAniDemo *frmAniDemo;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcall TfrmAniDemo::TfrmAniDemo(TComponent* Owner)
: TForm3D(Owner)
{
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Welcome to Wehlbuilt Concepts
Welcome to Wehlbuilt Concepts!
Thank you for visiting my online shop! I love to create, my husband calls me the "String Queen", I spend many hours quilting, sewing, knitting and cross stitching. It is very calming for me. My hours of operation are like a lot of others on line. I typically burn the midnight oil to make a fantastic product that will keep you coming back for more!
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Back in the '60s and '70s, bunkers weren't just for the overly paranoid or doomsday obsessed. According to The Washington Times, "by 1960, nearly 70 percent of American adults thought that nuclear war was imminent. By 1965, an estimated 200,000 shelters were built—but that’s just an estimate. It’s hard to know exactly, because people didn’t talk."
Since bunkers were so popular, it makes sense that they ranged in extravagance. To make these underground prisons more appealing, people like Girard B. "Jerry" Henderson fluffed them up with every amenity possible. His company, which was called Underground World Home Inc., created over-the-top bunkers that offered features like artificial sunlight, working bathrooms, and fake trees. Henderson's underground suburbia promised to be almost as good as the real thing—plus the appeal of no pollen, intruders, or radiation.
You can see one of these relics, which went on the market after foreclosing in 2012. The eerie shelter, at 3970 Spencer Street in Las Vegas, looks just like a regular home in the 1960s. It has a working kitchen, a Jacuzzi, a pool, two bedrooms, three bathrooms, and even a dance floor. The 5000-square-foot space is located below another home, which is traditionally above-ground. Thanks to the manually operated sky and artificial trees, it almost looks like it's really outside (but not quite). The spooky bunker looks completely untouched by time.
In March of 2014, the home was purchased by a shadowy non-profit called Society for the Preservation of Near Extinct Species for a cool $1.15 million. There is little to no information about this Nevada-based operation and it's not clear if the organization's name is just a joke, considering their purchase. The sellers, Seaway Bank and Trust Co. in Chicago, were also a little flummoxed on the details. "I have no knowledge about who the buyers are. I just signed the deed," William Bates Jr., general counsel for Seaway, told VEGAS INC.
[h/t So Bad So Good]
Know of something you think we should cover? Email us at [email protected].
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Hundreds protested against victim blaming and rape culture on Sunday, chanting and holding signs which said “my body, my choice.” The annual Slutwalk march is part of an international movement against women being told how to dress.
Slutwalk Hong Kong. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Demonstrators gathered at Chater Garden in Central, from which they then walked to the High Court, before arriving in Lan Kwai Fong, Hong Kong’s nightlife district.
Signs used in the protest. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
They held signs which said “Don’t tell me how to wear clothes, teach those people not to rape,” as well as “My body, my choice”
Demonstrators calling against the incident at the Bridge of Rehabilitation. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
The demonstrators also called for an independent investigation of the Bridge of Rehabilitation care home, which was embroiled in a series of scandals involving a sexual assault allegation and six deaths. They also asked to increase public spending to end the privatisation and outsourcing of care homes.
A woman holds a sign calling for “justice for victims.” Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Angie Ng, an organiser of the event, told HKFP that there were roughly 200 participants.
Speaking at the event. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Representatives from a women migrant workers’ group, the pro-democracy party League of Social Democrats, as well as a high school student from Ireland spoke at the event.
Outside the High Court. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
“The sister of a mentally handicapped woman spoke up about the sexual abuse and rape her sister and other mentally disabled people she knew had experienced,” Ng told HKFP.
Demonstrators marching. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Outside the High Court. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Outside the High Court. Photo: Socialist Action.
Demonstrators. Photo: Slutwalk Hong Kong, via Facebook.
Demonstrators marching. Photo: Socialist Action.
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[Femoral hemicallotasis with a half-segment for the reconstruction of a long partial bone defect].
The reconstruction of long bone defects is surgically demanding. This report describes the femoral hemicallotasis with a half-segment for the reconstruction of a 6-cm partial cortical defect which resulted from a posttraumatic osteitis. The indications for this modified Ilizarov method, advantages, potential problems as well as alternative methods are discussed.
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X-Factor for F1 engineers
Promoted: The INFINITI Engineering Academy is giving more young hopefuls - including 2017 European regional winner Damien Turlay - the chance to exhibit their talents in the search for the next generation of engineers
The INFINITI Engineering Academy is something akin to an X-Factor talent contest for budding Formula 1 and automotive engineers. Young hopefuls from around the world compete in front of a panel of expert judges, hoping to prove they have what it takes to become engineering stars of the future and earn the job opportunity of a lifetime.
Now in its fourth successive year, the Academy provides a life-changing opportunity for seven engineering students to learn from veteran engineers and play an active role in INFINITI's technical partnership with the Renault Sport Formula One Team.
The winners have a personal mentor overseeing their career development as they progress through 12-month placements, working at INFINITI's European Technical Centre at Cranfield and the Renault Sport Formula One Team's base at Enstone, carrying their experiences across from one company to the other.
As they learn, the winners enjoy a competitive employment package and access to the latest INFINITI Q30 Sport road car - finishing touches that make the INFINITI Engineering Academy the ultimate student engineering programme.
The final countdown
The INFINITI Engineering Academy has grown rapidly, to the point where 12,000 people applied to join the 2017 edition, launched at January's Autosport International exhibition in Birmingham.
Such contests can be a great way of flushing out undiscovered talent just waiting for a big break, but the trouble with X-Factor is that it tends to produce one-hit wonders, or stars that fade away quickly and are forgotten. The INFINITI Engineering Academy is looking for talent that is built to last, and candidates who represent the multicultural nature of INFINITI's global operations.
"We really believe in diversity," says Tommaso Volpe, INFINITI's Global Motorsport Director, who sees the Academy as a way of reinforcing links between INFINITI and the Renault Sport Formula One Team, which collaborate to produce the French manufacturer's energy recovery systems in F1.
"We wanted to develop a project where we could bring diversity to the forefront of our organisation. We started with this idea of recruiting young engineering students everywhere in the world where we operate, selecting seven of the best in these areas - Mexico, US, Canada, Europe, Middle East, China and Asia Pacific.
"There is no other student placement for engineering students where they can have the opportunity to work in both automotive and Formula 1. It is really a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for these guys."
What's in it for Renault?
The INFINITI Engineering Academy is no trumped-up work experience programme, or mere publicity stunt. The winning engineers are plugged straight into projects that have a tangible impact on INFINITI's road cars and the ongoing development of the Renault Sport Formula One team's grand prix machine. Last year's China regional winner, Xuezi Li, developed a rear wing element that raced on this year's RS17 Formula 1 car.
"It's a programme where people get involved in real racing projects, not made up training projects," explains Nick Chester, Chassis Technical Director for the Renault Sport Formula One Team. "We don't have time to do lots of training with nothing back; we need people who can contribute straight away. What's really impressive is, they do.
"Also, it gives us the opportunity to look at that talent to fill permanent roles later. We have a very low-key graduate programme, but it's not of the same quality as the INFINITI programme. We end up with such a good quality of engineers coming through that it's taking over how we look at graduates and young people coming into the team.
"It's a very valuable programme for Renault Sport Formula One."
Battling it out
Thousands of applications from each of the seven regions are whittled down to produce a group of 70 finalists - 10 for each region. The finalists undergo two days of intense competition to find seven individual regional winners.
The finalists compete in teams, but are judged individually on their ability to solve problems, work collaboratively and communicate with the media.
"When you go from 12,000 applications, to 70 candidates, to 10 finalists they are all technically very good," says Volpe. "But at this stage we want someone who is also a good ambassador for the company, which means public speaking and representing both brands in a good way."
The seven winners each receive that ultimate prize of a split 12-month placement with INFINITI and the Renault Sport Formula One Team.
The 2017 European regional winner was 23-year-old French engineering student Damien Turlay, who will begin his placement in October. If he does well, he could earn a permanent position within INFINITI or the Renault Sport Formula One Team, just as 2015 European winner Daniel Sanham did.
"I've had an incredible experience with the INFINITI Engineering Academy," says Sanham, who now works fulltime in the Renault Sport Formula One Team's electronics department.
"A month before my internship finished, Renault put a contract on my desk and I signed straight away. It's a dream come true for any engineer."
Will Renault beat Red Bull in 2018?Having signed Carlos Sainz Jr and made strides on track, is Renault on course for a big leap forward in 2018? Gary Anderson gives his view on this, and other topics including the hardest-working drivers he met in F11506384000F1
Why Vettel's title chance is down to 23 per centIt was obvious that Sebastian Vettel's Singapore Grand Prix startline disaster was a huge blow to his title hopes. Crunching the numbers shows just how dramatically he's gone from slight favourite to outsider1506384000F1
The winner that foretold F1's new eraStewart Williams takes a look at the first of the new-era Silver Arrows to hit its target - the W03, Mercedes' first winner ahead of its F1 domination1506297600F1
Why Jaguar has nowhere to hideJaguar's international motorsport comeback in Formula E was a huge story, but a disappointment on track - particularly at first. Now it has a year under its belt and a proven FE champion in the cockpit, it has to step up1506297600FE
Would Loeb be a mistake for Citroen?At first the idea of Sebastien Loeb returning to the Citroen World Rally Championship team seemed both implausible and ill-advised. Now, after his second test, it makes complete sense1506038400WRC
Will Renault beat Red Bull in 2018?Having signed Carlos Sainz Jr and made strides on track, is Renault on course for a big leap forward in 2018? Gary Anderson gives his view on this, and other topics including the hardest-working drivers he met in F11506384000F1
Why Vettel's title chance is down to 23 per centIt was obvious that Sebastian Vettel's Singapore Grand Prix startline disaster was a huge blow to his title hopes. Crunching the numbers shows just how dramatically he's gone from slight favourite to outsider1506384000F1
The winner that foretold F1's new eraStewart Williams takes a look at the first of the new-era Silver Arrows to hit its target - the W03, Mercedes' first winner ahead of its F1 domination1506297600F1
Why Jaguar has nowhere to hideJaguar's international motorsport comeback in Formula E was a huge story, but a disappointment on track - particularly at first. Now it has a year under its belt and a proven FE champion in the cockpit, it has to step up1506297600FE
Would Loeb be a mistake for Citroen?At first the idea of Sebastien Loeb returning to the Citroen World Rally Championship team seemed both implausible and ill-advised. Now, after his second test, it makes complete sense1506038400WRC
Please note that unauthorised reproduction or translation of any content (including words, data, information, photos, videos and any other intellectual property) published on this page and any other copyrighted content published on Autosport.com is strictly prohibited. Please see our terms and conditions for further information.
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Glossary
Term
Definition
adenine
One of 4 bases that make up DNA
adenoma
A non-cancerous tumor
adjuvant
Treatment in addition to the primary treatment meant to lower the risk that the cancer will return (for example, adjuvant chemotherapy is chemotherapy that is given secondary to the main treatment, such as surgery)
adrenal glands
Endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones that help regulate the body
allele
One of two or more variations of a gene
androgens
Set of hormones often referred to as "male hormones"
apoptosis
Programmed celll death in which a cell initiates its own death for the benefit of the organism
autosomal dominant
A case in which only one gene is required for a trait to be expressed
carcinoma
A cancerous tumor
carrier
A person who carries one copy of a mutated gene that may cause disease in that person and his or her children
cells
Cells are the basic units of life - in people, cells make up all the tissues that in turn make a whole person. Cells come in many shapes and sizes and have different functions.
cell cycle
The entire process a cell undergoes to grow, replicate DNA, and copy itself
chemotherapy
A treatment using drugs that kill cancer cells
chromosome
Structures found in all cells that together contain all of our DNA
complete penetrance
An inherited trait that is expressed in all generations - all individuals who have a copy of the gene will express the trait
Conn Syndrome
Characterized by a hormone excess of a group of hormones called mineralcorticoids
Cushing Syndrome
Characterized by a hormone excess of a group of hormones called glucocorticoids
cytosine
One of 4 bases that make up DNA
de novo mutations
Mutations that occur for the first time; refers to the first time cancer occurs in germ cells (egg or sperm)
DNA
The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next, stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA bases
The chemical compounds that make up DNA; they are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
dominant
The more strongly expressed gene in a gene pair
epidemiology
The study of disease patterns across time, including causes and control of disease
feminization
Characterized by a hormone excess of a group of hormones called estrogens, or "female hormones"
founder effect
The phenomenon of continued inheritance from a common ancestor
genes
Sets of instructions made up of DNA that tell the body how to function and determine a person's characteristics
genetic counselor
A specially trained health professional who is knowledgeable about inheritance and genetics and can discuss family disease history and risk, as well as pros and cons of genetic testing
genetics
The study of genes and their role in inheritance
genotype
The exact genetic make-up for a trait - the two genes inherited from parents for any given trait
germ cells
Sex cells (female egg and male sperm cells)
geermline mutations
Mutations that occur in the sex cells (egg or sperm) - they can be spontaneous or inherited - germline mutations exist in all of a person's cells
guanine
One of 4 bases that make up DNA
hereditary cancer syndrome
A genetic tendency to develop tumors, especially at younger ages than is usual
hormonal syndrome
A syndrome that leads to abnormal increases or decreases in a hormone
incidence
The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed over a specific amount of time
incomplete / low penetrance
An inherited trait that is expressed across generations but is not necessarily expressed by all individuals who carry the gene
inheritance
The process by which living things acquire traits and characteristics from their parents
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Urine cortisol levels after burn injury.
The urinary level of cortisol has been assayed in 19 patients with burn injuries of varying severity over a 10-day period. Urine cortisol was increased in all patients over the initial days post burn when compared to normal health volunteers. In patients with the more severe burns mean cortisol levels correlated with the percentage body surface area of the burn. The overall pattern of cortisol excretion was similar in extent and duration to the changes in the levels of serum cortisol described in a previous study (Batstone et al., 1976). Further, urine cortisol excretion correlated with the levels of urine creatinine, magnesium, potassium and the sodium: potassium ratio lending further evidence to an important role of cortisol in peripheral tissue (particularly muscle). Cortisol output was still significantly raised at the end of the study period emphasizing the duration of the cortisol-induced catabolic drive after burn injury.
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// For license of this file, see <project-root-folder>/LICENSE.md.
#include "services/gmail/gui/formaddeditemail.h"
#include "3rd-party/mimesis/mimesis.hpp"
#include "exceptions/applicationexception.h"
#include "gui/guiutilities.h"
#include "gui/messagebox.h"
#include "miscellaneous/application.h"
#include "miscellaneous/databasequeries.h"
#include "miscellaneous/iconfactory.h"
#include "services/gmail/gmailserviceroot.h"
#include "services/gmail/gui/emailrecipientcontrol.h"
#include "services/gmail/network/gmailnetworkfactory.h"
#include <QtConcurrent/QtConcurrentRun>
#include <QCloseEvent>
FormAddEditEmail::FormAddEditEmail(GmailServiceRoot* root, QWidget* parent)
: QDialog(parent), m_root(root), m_originalMessage(nullptr), m_possibleRecipients({}) {
m_ui.setupUi(this);
GuiUtilities::applyDialogProperties(*this, qApp->icons()->fromTheme(QSL("mail-message-new")));
m_ui.m_layoutAdder->setMargin(0);
m_ui.m_layoutAdder->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
m_ui.m_btnAdder->setIcon(qApp->icons()->fromTheme(QSL("list-add")));
m_ui.m_btnAdder->setToolTip(tr("Add new recipient."));
m_ui.m_btnAdder->setFocusPolicy(Qt::FocusPolicy::NoFocus);
connect(m_ui.m_btnAdder, &PlainToolButton::clicked, this, [=]() {
addRecipientRow();
});
connect(m_ui.m_buttonBox->button(QDialogButtonBox::StandardButton::Ok),
&QPushButton::clicked,
this,
&FormAddEditEmail::onOkClicked);
QSqlDatabase db = qApp->database()->connection(metaObject()->className());
m_possibleRecipients = DatabaseQueries::getAllRecipients(db, m_root->accountId());
for (auto* rec: recipientControls()) {
rec->setPossibleRecipients(m_possibleRecipients);
}
}
void FormAddEditEmail::execForAdd() {
addRecipientRow()->setFocus();
exec();
}
void FormAddEditEmail::execForReply(Message* original_message) {
m_originalMessage = original_message;
addRecipientRow(m_originalMessage->m_author);
m_ui.m_txtSubject->setText(QSL("Re: %1").arg(m_originalMessage->m_title));
m_ui.m_txtMessage->setFocus();
exec();
}
void FormAddEditEmail::removeRecipientRow() {
auto* sndr = static_cast<EmailRecipientControl*>(sender());
m_ui.m_layout->takeRow(sndr);
m_recipientControls.removeOne(sndr);
sndr->deleteLater();
}
void FormAddEditEmail::onOkClicked() {
Mimesis::Message msg;
auto username = m_root->network()->username();
if (!username.endsWith(QSL("@gmail.com"))) {
username += QSL("@gmail.com");
}
msg["From"] = username.toStdString();
auto recipients = recipientControls();
QStringList rec_to, rec_cc, rec_bcc, rec_repl;
for (EmailRecipientControl* ctrl : recipients) {
switch (ctrl->recipientType()) {
case RecipientType::Cc:
rec_cc << ctrl->recipientAddress();
break;
case RecipientType::To:
rec_to << ctrl->recipientAddress();
break;
case RecipientType::Bcc:
rec_bcc << ctrl->recipientAddress();
break;
case RecipientType::ReplyTo:
rec_repl << ctrl->recipientAddress();
break;
}
}
if (!rec_cc.isEmpty()) {
msg["Cc"] = rec_cc.join(',').toStdString();
}
if (!rec_to.isEmpty()) {
msg["To"] = rec_to.join(',').toStdString();
}
if (!rec_bcc.isEmpty()) {
msg["Bcc"] = rec_bcc.join(',').toStdString();
}
if (!rec_repl.isEmpty()) {
msg["Reply-To"] = rec_repl.join(',').toStdString();
}
msg["Subject"] = QString("=?utf-8?B?%1?=")
.arg(QString(m_ui.m_txtSubject->text().toUtf8().toBase64(QByteArray::Base64Option::Base64UrlEncoding)))
.toStdString();
msg.set_plain(m_ui.m_txtMessage->toPlainText().toStdString());
msg.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
try {
m_root->network()->sendEmail(msg, m_originalMessage);
accept();
}
catch (const ApplicationException& ex) {
MessageBox::show(this, QMessageBox::Icon::Critical,
tr("E-mail NOT sent"), tr("Your e-mail message wasn't sent."),
QString(),
ex.message());
}
}
EmailRecipientControl* FormAddEditEmail::addRecipientRow(const QString& recipient) {
auto* mail_rec = new EmailRecipientControl(recipient, this);
connect(mail_rec, &EmailRecipientControl::removalRequested, this, &FormAddEditEmail::removeRecipientRow);
mail_rec->setPossibleRecipients(m_possibleRecipients);
m_ui.m_layout->insertRow(m_ui.m_layout->count() - 5, mail_rec);
return mail_rec;
}
QList<EmailRecipientControl*> FormAddEditEmail::recipientControls() const {
QList<EmailRecipientControl*> list;
for (int i = 0; i < m_ui.m_layout->count(); i++) {
auto* wdg = qobject_cast<EmailRecipientControl*>(m_ui.m_layout->itemAt(i)->widget());
if (wdg != nullptr) {
list.append(wdg);
}
}
return list;
}
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[Integrating clinical research into epidemic response: the field perspective in the Ebola experience].
During the 2013-2016 west African Ebola outbreak that affected West Africa, accelerated clinical trials, testing unproven but promising and potentially lifesaving experimental interventions emerged as a key component of the global outbreak. In 2017, no Ebola medical countermeasures had proven antiviral efficacy in patients. However, in September 2014, the World Health Organization inventoried a list of potential drug candidates developed or repurposed with demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro or in animal models. Numerous therapeutics were considered or explored during the outbreak, including nucleoside and nucleotide analogues, nucleic acid-based drugs and immunotherapeutics. Drugs in clinical trials were tested within the framework of optimized supportive care with fluids and electrolytes and management of severe compromise of multiple organs resulting from viral cytopathology and immune-mediated cell damage. Assessment of those therapeutics with encouraging preliminary efficacy or safety profile, like the repurposed direct antiviral agent favipiravir or the combination of antibodies ZMapp requires further investigation to confirm their efficacy in humans, propose appropriate doses and evaluate the possibility of treatment combinations. During the lull before the next epidemic, major challenges for managing future Ebola epidemics include scientific, clinical and public health preparedness with establishment of innovative patient care and clinical research support in remote poor areas where Ebola and other deadly infectious diseases typically reemerge.
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Super PAC forms to support Treadwell
JUNEAU— A super PAC has formed to support Republican Lt. Gov. Mead Treadwell’s run for U.S. Senate in Alaska.
A statement of organization for Freedom’s Frontier was recently filed with the Federal Election Commission.
Alan Philp, a spokesman for the independent expenditure group, said Tuesday that Freedom’s Frontier will have an “Alaska-centric team” running it, including treasurer Steve Wackowski. Wackowski was a spokesman for Republican U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski’s 2010 campaign. Philp said he expected to be able to release names of additional leaders in the next month.
Treadwell, first elected to his current post in 2010, is one of several Republicans who have announced plans to seek the seat held by Democrat Mark Begich. Others include Joe Miller — who upset Murkowski in the 2010 GOP primary but lost in the general election after she mounted an historic write-in campaign — and lesser-known John Jaramillo and Kathleen Tonn.
Philp called Treadwell an “electable conservative” who will do a great job for Alaska. He said his group’s messaging will be focused on things like Treadwell’s record and attributes as a candidate.
At least one other group has been formed to support Begich’s run.
The Put Alaska First PAC, which has billed itself as nonpartisan effort created to increase voter participation among Alaskans, was formed earlier this year. Treasurer Jim Lottsfeldt said one of the goals of the committee will be to encourage people from all parties to vote for Begich.
Lottsfeldt said it’s been good having a senator from both the Republican and Democratic parties currently serving Alaska.
“We’re organized around the principle of, we’re going to do what’s best for Alaska and we don’t care about the other stuff,” like party labels, he said.
He said he’s not sure if the group will get involved in the U.S. House race. He said the group might decide to support Republican Rep. Don Young, someone with a “better story to tell” might jump in or the group might sit that race out.
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---
abstract: 'The intrinsic mechanical strength of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) within the diameter range of 0.3-0.8 nm has been studied based on *ab initio* density functional theory calculations. In contrast to predicting “smaller is stronger and more elastic" in nanomaterials, the strength of the SWNTs is significantly reduced when decreasing the tube diameter. The results obtained show that the Young’s modulus $E$ significantly reduced in the ultra-small SWNTs with the diameter less than 0.4 nm originates from their very large curvature effect, while it is a constant of about 1.0 TPa, and independent of the diameter and chiral index for the large tube. We find that the Poisson’s ratio, ideal strength and ideal strain are dependent on the diameter and chiral index. Furthermore, the relations between $E$ and ideal strength indicate that Griffith’s estimate of brittle fracture could break down in the smallest (2, 2) nanotube, with the breaking strength of 15% of $E$. Our results provide important insights into intrinsic mechanical behavior of ultra-small SWNTs under their curvature effect.'
address:
- 'Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan'
- 'International Institute for Computational Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam'
- 'Department of Design of Machinery and Robot, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam'
author:
- Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Do Van Truong
- Vuong Van Thanh
- Riichiro Saito
title: 'Intrinsic strength and failure behaviors of ultra-small single-walled carbon nanotubes'
---
Carbon nanotubes, Stress-strain curve, Intrinsic strength, Density functional theory
Introduction {#sec:introduction}
============
Due to one-dimensional (1D) structures [@Saito], the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are the ideal material for a variety of applications relating to tensile strain. The SWNTs and graphene are known as the strongest materials with ultrahigh axial Young’s modulus of about 1.0 TPa and tensile strength approaching 100-130 GPa [@Lee; @Poncharal; @Krishnan; @Wu; @Yao; @Treacy; @Fereidoon; @Xiao]. Both experimental and theoretical studies [@Wu; @Ogata; @Mori] showed that the diameter of the large SWNTs does not significantly affect their mechanical properties. However, the physical and mechanical properties of ultra-small SWNTs with the diameters smaller than 0.4 nm expected are different from those larger than that due to their very large curvature effect. Many efforts have been made to synthesize the ultra-small SWNTs in recent years. The smallest stable (2, 2) SWNT with a diameter of 0.3 nm observed by Zhao et al. [@Zhao] could be grown inside multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The (2, 2) nanotube investigated by the first principle calculations is tunable between metallic and semiconducting properties by changing the Fermi level [@Yin]. In fact, the ultra-small nanotubes are less stable than the large nanotubes [@Qin; @Wang]. However, if we fabricated nicely in some special geometries, we can measure the values of the ultra-small SWNTs. Although, many studies have focused on synthesis, physical and chemical properties of the small SWNTs [@Zhao; @Yin; @Lortz; @Sasaki; @Tang; @Li], their mechanical properties have yet to be clarified. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and ideal strength are key factors relating to the stability and lifetime of devices. For these reasons, studying the mechanical response of small SWNTs under strain should be a necessary task in order to improve the future SWNTs-based devices.
The SWNT structure is unique due to the strong bonding between the carbons ($sp^2$ hybridization of the atomic orbitals) of the curved graphene sheet, which is stronger than in diamond with $sp^3$ hybridization because of the difference in C-C bond lengths (0.142 and 0.154 nm for graphene and diamond respectively) [@Saito]. The changes in the C-C bond structure such as defects, grain boundaries, chemical substitutions or curvature effects are the main causes to make changes in mechanical properties of SWNTs and graphene. The results obtained by the density function theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic (MD) calculations showed that the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of SWNTs [@Sammalkorpi; @Wong; @Zhang; @Sharma] and graphene [@Hao] with vacancy-related defects depend on the concentration of defects and defect characteristics. Zhang et al. [@Zhang1] investigated that the grain boundaries (GBs) are significantly reduced the mechanical strength of graphene. Mortazavi et al. [@Mortazavi] reported that the Young’s modulus of a nitrogen doped in a graphene is almost independent of nitrogen atom concentration, but the substituted nitrogen atoms are decreased the tensile strength and ductile failure behavior of graphene. For the perfect (5, 5), (6, 3) and (8, 0) SWNTs, the tight binding (TB) and DFT calculations showed that SWNTs can reach the Young’s modulus of 1.0 TPa and a maximum tensile strength of 100 GPa with no chiral dependence [@Mori]. However, the critical tensile strain for breaking has a chiral dependence. The experiment [@Wu] has used the optical characterization with a magnetic actuation technique to measure the stiffness of the (17, 12), (17, 10) and (18, 10) SWNTs and found that the Young’s modulus is not dependent on the nanotube chiral index, and has an average value of 0.97 $\pm$ 0.16 TPa. This mechanical response is also observed in the graphene. Both the experiment and DFT calculation reported the Young’s modulus of 1.0 TPa for both the zigzag and the armchair tensile strain directions [@Lee; @Liu]. In 1920, Griffith [@Griffith] extrapolated an maximum intrinsic strength $\sigma_I$ of about $E/9$ for the fracture of brittle material, where $E$ is the Young’s modulus of the material under uniaxial tension. This estimate is still valid for the brittle material in nano-scale. Both the experiment and theory showed that $\sigma_I/E$ is approximately 0.1 for the graphene and nanotubes [@Lee; @Liu; @Ogata]. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate that the mechanical response of the large SWNTs and graphene is consistent with the small SWNTs, which are dominated by their very large curvature effect.
In this paper, we present the first-principles to investigate the structural and mechanical properties of the small SWNTs with the diameter in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 nm under uniaxial tension. The paper is organized as follows. Section \[sec:methodology\] describes the setup of the DFT calculations and the detailed simulation procedure. Section \[sec:results\] describes Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, ideal strength and fracture mechanism of the SWNTs under tensile strain. Finally, section \[sec:conclusion\] summarizes the results.
Methodology {#sec:methodology}
===========
First-principle (*ab initio*) simulations for tensile strains of small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was performed. We used Quantum-ESPRESSO (QE) package [@Giannozzi1] for the first-principle calculations, which is a full density functional theory [@Hohenberg; @Kohn] simulation package using a plane-wave basic set with pseudopotentials. The Rabe-Rappe-Kaxiras-Joannopoulos (RRKJ) [@Rappe] ultrasoft pseudopotentials was used to calculate the pseudopotential plane-wave with an energy cutoff of 60 Ry for the wave function. The exchange-correlation energy was evaluated by general-gradient approximation(GGA) [@PSEUDO] using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) [@Perdew] function.
We examined three models of a series of small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes: the armchair type (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) SWNTs; the zigzag type (3, 0), (4, 0), (5, 0), (6, 0), (7, 0) SWNTs and the chiral type (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 2) SWNTs, which have the diameters in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 nm. Here, the SWNT structure in our notation is denoted by a set of integers ($n, m$) which is a shorthand for the chiral vector $\textbf{C}_h = n\textbf{a}_1 + m\textbf{a}_2$, where $\textbf{a}_1$ and $\textbf{a}_2$ are the unit vectors of an unrolled graphene sheet [@Saito]. The chiral vector $\textbf{C}_h$ defines the circumferential direction of the rolled-up graphene into a cylinder, giving the diameter $D_0$. The crosssectional area of a SWNT layer was calculated using the interlayer distance of a MWNT (0.34 nm) [@Ge] as its thickness. Since a periodic boundary condition was applied for three dimensions in all models, the thickness of the vacuum region was set at 12 Å perpendicular to the tube axis to avoid the undesirable interactions from the neighboring SWNTs. The **k**-point grids in the Brillouin-zone selected according to the Monkhorst-Pack method [@Monkhorst] was $1 \times 1 \times k$, in which $k$ depends on the length of the SWNTs.
To simulate the effect of tensile strain in the SWNTs, first, the models were fully relaxed by using the Broyden-Fretcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) minimization method for the atomic positions, and cell dimensions in the *z* direction. These models were considered equilibrium until all the Hellmann-Feynman forces and the normal component of the stress $\sigma_{zz}$ less than $5.0 \times 10^{-4}$ Ry/a.u. and $1.0 \times 10^{-2}$ GPa, respectively. Then the loading strain was applied to the models by elongating the cell along the *z* direction with an increment of 0.02. At near the fracture point, the strain was refined with a very small increment of 0.005. After each increment of the strain, the atomic structure was fully relaxed under fixed cell dimensions. Here, the tensile strain is defined as $\varepsilon_{zz}\equiv \Delta L/L_{0}$, where $L_0$ is the length of the unit cell at geometry optimization and $\Delta L$ is the increment of the length under tension \[Fig. \[fig:model\](a)\]. We also investigated the mechanical response of graphene under tensile strain in the zigzag and armchair directions to elucidate curvature effect, as shown in Fig. \[fig:model\](b).
![(Color online) (a) The simulation model of small nanotubes under tensile strain in *z* direction. (b) The model of graphene under tensile strain in zigzag and armchair directions. The notations of $l_1$ to $l_3$ are three bond lengths around C atomic.[]{data-label="fig:model"}](Model.pdf){width="48.00000%"}
\[table:nanotubes\]
Results and discussions {#sec:results}
=======================
![(Color online) (a) Total energy per atom of the (2,2) SWNT plotted as a function of the tube length. (b) Unit cell of the (2,2) SWNT showing the length $L_0$, the diameter $D_0$, the C-C bond perpendicular the tube axis, and the that along to the tube axis.[]{data-label="fig:(2,2)tube"}](SWNT.pdf){width="45.00000%"}
The scanning of the potential energy surface (PES) is performed for the smallest (2, 2) SWNT to search for the ground state with the length $L_0$ ranging from 0.24 to 0.27 nm by calculating the total energy per atom with different lengths. Fig. \[fig:(2,2)tube\](a) shows the observed minimum of the total energy at $L_0=0.257$ nm. In Fig. \[fig:(2,2)tube\](b), we present the illustrations of atomic structures for the (2, 2) SWNT at the ground state, where $L_0 = 0.257$ nm, $D_0=0.282$ nm, and $l_1 = l_3 = 0.149$ nm ($l_2=0.139$ nm) represent the length, the diameter, and the C–C bond length parallel to (perpendicular to) the tube axis, respectively. The same optimization is performed for the other nanotubes. The equilibrium configurations are listed in Table \[table:nanotubes\] for all SWNTs in this study. The results show that the C-C bond lengths of the small nanotubes tend to be longer than those of the large nanotubes. In the calculation of the binding energy, we take the energy of an isolated C atom ($E_{\rm C}$) as the reference energies, with $E_{\rm tot}$ being the total energy of the system containing $n$ C atoms in the unit cell. The binding energy per C atom, $E_b=E_{\rm tot}-nE_{\rm C}$, is summarized in Table \[table:nanotubes\]. It is found that the binding energy becomes larger when the diameter of the SWNTs increases. In other words, the large SWNTs are more stable than the small SWNTs.
![(Color online) Young’s modulus of the single-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of inverse of tube diameter. The dash line is fitted by a second-order polynomial.[]{data-label="fig:young"}](Young.pdf){width="40.00000%"}
The most basic mechanical property of the SWNTs is the Young’s modulus $E$, which is defined as $$\label{eq:young}
E = \left. {{1}\over{V_0}}{{\partial^2U}\over{\partial \varepsilon_{zz}^2}} \right\vert_{\varepsilon_{zz}=0}$$ where $U$ is the strain energy and $\varepsilon_{zz}$ is the uniaxial strain. We applied the small strains ($\pm 0.005, \pm 0.01, \pm 0.015, \pm 0.02$), which stay in the harmonic regime. Here, the nominal plate thickness $d_0$ assumed was independent of $\varepsilon_{zz}$. The nanotubes with the diameter $D_0>d_0$ and $D_0 \leq d_0$ were considered as the hollow and solid cylinders, respectively. The volume at equilibrium $V_0$ is defined as $$\label{eq:volume}
V_0=\left\{
\begin{array}{l l}
\pi L_0 D_0 d_0 & \quad \text{if} \quad D_0 > d_0 \\
\pi L_0 (D_0/2+d_0/2)^2 & \quad \text{if} \quad D_0 \leq d_0 \\
\end{array} \right.$$ From the point of view of elasticity theory, it is well-recognized that the value of $E$ is related to $d_0$ of the tube. The wall thickness is considered as the interlayer spacing of graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in nature based on the van der Waals interactions [@Liu], in which $d_0$ assumed is independent of the strain. Both the experimental and the theoretical studies [@Lee; @Liu] have used the constant thickness of 0.334 nm to calculate the mechanical properties of the graphene. In this study, $d_0$ of 0.34 nm, which was observed in experimental images of MWNT [@Ge], is used to estimate $E$ of the SWNTs. As show in Table \[table:nanotubes\], the geometric structures of the (2, 2), (3, 0), and (3, 1) nanotubes are the solid cylinders with $D_0 < d_0$. While the remaining nanotubes are the hollow cylinders with $D_0 > d_0$.
Figure \[fig:young\] shows the obtained Young’s modulus $E$ of the nanotubes, in which they are a constant of around 1 TPa and independent of the inverse of tube diameter $1/D_0$ and the chiral index ($n, m$) for the large SWNTs with $D_0 > 0.4$ nm. These results are in good agreement with both the previous experiment and theory ones [@Wu; @Xiao; @Ogata; @Mori; @Yang]. For the small SWNTs with $D_0 \leq 0.4$ nm, $E$ investigated depends on the tube diameter \[Fig. \[fig:young\]\]. It is well-known that in nanomaterials, the smaller they are the stronger and more elastic [@Zhu; @Hung], however the results obtained show that the rule is broken when $D_0 \leq 0.4$ nm. $E$ of the (2, 2) nanotube is decreased about 41% comparing with the (6, 6) nanotube. The significant reduction is due to the curvature of the small nanotubes. In Fig. \[fig:model\], since the $l_2$ sigma bond is perpendicular to the tube axis, the intrinsic strength of the armchair nanotubes originates from the $l_1$ and $l_3$ sigma bonds. The $l_1$ and $l_3$ in the (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5) and (6, 6) nanotubes are very close to the value 0.142 nm of the graphene, and their $E$ are similar to the experimental value of about 1 TPa [@Lee; @Wu], while affected by the curvature, the $l_1$ and $l_3$ in the (2, 2) nanotube are longer than those and its $E$ is only 0.587 TPa \[Table \[table:nanotubes\]\]. For the zigzag nanotubes, because the $l_2$ sigma bond is parallel with the tube axis, the tensile strength is mainly characterized by the $l_2$ bond. However, when the diameter of the tubes is smaller than 0.4 nm (for the (3, 0) and (4, 0) nanotubes), the strength also depends on the $l_1$ and $l_3$ bonds \[Table \[table:nanotubes\]\]. For the chiral nanotubes, the tensile strength investigated is governed by not only the $l_1$, $l_2$ and $l_3$ sigma bonds, and the angles between the bonds and tube axis (for the (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 2) nanotubes) but also the curvature of the tube (for the (3, 1) and (3, 2) nanotubes).
![(Color online) Poisson’s ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of inverse of tube diameter. The dash line is fitted by a second-order polynomial.[]{data-label="fig:poisson"}](Poisson.pdf){width="40.00000%"}
Figure \[fig:poisson\] shows the obtained Poisson’s ratio $\nu$ of the SWNTs as a function of the inverse of tube diameter. Here, $\nu$ is given as: $$\label{eq:poisson}
\nu\equiv-\dfrac{L_{0}}{\Delta L}\dfrac{\Delta D}{D_{0}+d_0}$$ The value of $\nu$ is from 0.07 to 0.15 and has a downward tendency with the large SWNTs. For the small ones, the Poisson’s ratio is large compared with that of the larger nanotubes, especially for the (2, 2) nanotube. Since the thickness of wall of tube is correlated to the Poisson’s ratio, we estimated $\nu$ for an expanded diameter $D_0+d_0$ \[Eq. \[eq:poisson\]\] instead of the tube diameter, $D_0$, as the previous studies [@Portal; @Yakobson]. Therefore, our results are smaller than the values obtained by Portal et al. [@Portal] with DFT calculations ($\nu$ = 0.14), and Yakobson et al. [@Yakobson] using Tersoff-Brenner potentials ($\nu$ = 0.19).
![(Color online) Tensile stress along axial direction of different armchair (a), zigzag (b) and chiral (c) nanotubes plotted as a function of strain.[]{data-label="fig:stress"}](Stress.pdf){width="40.00000%"}
Figure \[fig:stress\] shows the stress–strain curves of the armchair, zigzag, and chiral nanotubes. The stress computed from QE package [@Giannozzi1] is automatically evaluated over the entire supercell volume $V_{\rm cell}$. Therefore, we need to rescale the supercell stress by $V_{\rm cell}/V_0$ to obtain the stress of the SWNTs. The relationship between $V_0$ and $d_0$ in Eq. \[eq:volume\] shows that the stress is inversely proportional to the constant thickness. That means that, in general, the stress becomes larger when the magnitude of $d_0$ decreases, and vice versa. For the armchair nanotubes \[Fig. \[fig:stress\](a)\], the ideal strength $\sigma_{I}$ (maximum tensile strength) reaches about 100 GPa at an ideal tensile strain $\varepsilon_{I}$ of around 0.30, which are consistent with the earlier DFT estimate of 114.6 GPa at $\varepsilon_{I}$ of 0.295 for the armchair nanotube [@Ogata], and in agreement with the experimental observations ($150\pm 45$ GPa) for a defect-free MWCNT using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) [@Demczyk]. In the armchair direction \[Fig. \[fig:stress\](a)\], the graphene is somewhat stronger than the nanotubes, with $\sigma_{I}$ of 113.4 GPa. The ideal strength of graphene between 110 and 130 GPa have been also predicted by both the experiment [@Lee] and the DFT calculation [@Liu]. For the zigzag nanotubes, the ideal strength of SWNTs is similar to that of the armchair nanotubes and graphene in the zigzag direction with $\sigma_{I}$ of around 100 GPa \[Fig. \[fig:stress\] (b)\]. However, $\varepsilon_{I}$ of around 0.20 is smaller than that of the armchair nanotubes. These ideal strength and ideal strain are compatible with the earlier DFT calculation of 107.4 GPa and 0.208 for an zigzag nanotube, respectively [@Ogata]. For the chiral nanotubes, $\sigma_{I}$ and $\varepsilon_{I}$ are found approximately 90 GPa and 0.20, respectively. The results obtained above show that $\sigma_{I}$ and $\varepsilon_{I}$ depend not only on the tube diameter, but also on the tube chiral index. The ideal strength and the ideal strain evaluated from the stress–strain relationship \[Fig. \[fig:stress\]\] are listed in Table \[table:nanotubes\].
The relationship between the Young’s modulus and the ideal strength has been known as Griffith’s estimate of brittle fracture [@Griffith]. Due to $\sigma_{I}$ from 90 to 100 GPa and $E\sim 0.1$ TPa for the large nanotubes, the ratio $\sigma_{I}/E$ has the value between 0.09 and 0.10 \[Table \[table:nanotubes\]\]. The breaking strength of nanotube is reaching 10% of its Young’s modulus. This upper theoretical limit has been predicted by both the experiment and the theory for graphene [@Lee; @Liu] and SWNTs [@Ogata]. However, the small nanotubes show that $E$ is significantly decreased while $\sigma_{I}$ is in the range from 83 to 102 GPa \[Table \[table:nanotubes\]\]. In particular, the ratio $\sigma_{I}/E$ about 15% of the smallest (2, 2) nanotube can lead to broken Griffith’s estimate.
Conclusion {#sec:conclusion}
==========
In summary, *ab initio* density-functional theory calculations with the general gradient approximation have been carried out to investigate the intrinsic mechanical strength of the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the different chiralities and diameters under tensile strain. The results obtained reveals that the intrinsic strength in the nanotubes originates from the sigma bonds. The atomic structures and the bond lengths of small SWNTs (with diameter $<$ 0.4 nm) are significantly changed under their very large curvature effect. The strength of the small SWNTs is significantly weaker than the large ones. This is in contrast with the phenomenon “smaller is stronger and more elastic" in nanomaterials [@Zhu; @Hung]. For the large SWNTs, the Young’s modulus $E\sim 1.0$ TPa is independent of the diameter and the chiral index. These results are in good agreement with the previous experimental and the theoretical studies [@Wu; @Demczyk; @Ogata; @Lee; @Liu]. The Poisson’s ratio $\nu$ has a noticeable downward trend with the large SWNTs. For the small nanotubes, $\nu$ is large compared with that of the larger nanotubes, especially for the (2, 2) nanotube. The ideal strength obtained from 90 to 100 GPa and the ideal strain from 0.20 to 0.30 depends on the diameter and the chiral index. Furthermore, the relationships between the Young’s modulus and the ideal strength indicate that Griffith’s estimate of brittle fracture could break down in the smallest (2, 2) nanotube, with the breaking strength of 15% of $E$.
Acknowledgements
================
N.T.H. acknowledges the support of the Interdepartmental Doctoral Degree Program for Multi-dimensional Materials Science Leaders of Tohoku University, R.S. acknowledges MEXT Grants Nos. 25107005 and 25286005, and D.V.T. and V.V.T. acknowledges NAFOSTED No. 107.02.2012.20.
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How AI and Machine Learning Are Affecting Banks in 2018
Like every major industry, banking is seeing a shift to be more digitally dependent and tech savvy. Technology has invaded traditional financial institutions and their processes, causing them to have to find effective technology to provide better service and products to their customers.
At the recent Financial Brand Forum in Las Vegas, Nevada, experts in the field of banking came together to discuss the trends that are changing the way we do banking. Services are changing, the landscape as a whole is changing, and financial institutions are developing thoughtful and effective strategies to make sure they are on top of the trend. Two components in particular that are being researched and implemented are artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Artificial Intelligence
When people hear the term “artificial intelligence,” they may think of science-fiction. But this form of machine learning has already become part of our everyday lives, even in banking. This is just the latest application of what technology can do to collect data and use it to predict activity, making processes more efficient.
Minimizing decision-making is one thing that banks can benefit from. Artificial intelligence is helping to more accurately help processing banking duties for customers and streamline the time it takes to operate. Data-fueled predictions are becoming commonplace in banks, and utilizing data to achieve greater efficiency and provide better service is an easy decision to make.
Another way in which AI is helping banks is by providing predictive analytics, which, when used correctly, is a great tool to detect unusual activity and protect sensitive information. An additional way in which banks can protect data and information is by investing in insurance for banks, which guards financial institutions against new forms of threats. AI gives banks views to consumers and access to data on new levels that will only continue to bolster efficient and modern services.
Machine Learning
Many banking decision-makers still think that machine learning is irrelevant in the banking world. This subset of artificial intelligence is, in fact, vital for financial businesses when it comes to data. Spending money on machine learning–which isn’t cheap–in fintech is set for a big growth over the next five years. And with the development of analytics in this field, machine learning will help unsecured consumer loans will jump almost %1,000, a global haul of neary $17 billion, according to a recent study by Juniper.
Machine learning technologies applies algorithms to dissect and analyze datasets, and pinpoints patterns to create customer insights. This kind of technology can be seen on Google Maps, Netflix, or Amazon, recommending routes, products or shows to watch. How can machine learning be used in the banking industry? There are many ways including high-accuracy tasks like underwriting, and taking care of back-office functions and repetitive work.
In the coming years, more banks and those in the know of the financial industry will see these two components reach to more sophisticated levels and common usage.
Check back next week for more information on trending topics for banks and financial institutions.
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Dopamine And Glutamate In Psychiatric Disorders 2005
by Connor4.3
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Dopamine And Glutamate In Psychiatric Disorders 2005
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Q:
What is the correct strategy for keeping lots of text data in memory? System.Runtime.Caching or custom classes?
Before refactoring my code to start experimenting, I'm hoping the wisdom of the community can advise me on the correct path.
Problem: I have a WPF program that does a diff on hundreds of ini files. For performance of the diffing I'd like to keep several hundred of the base files that other files are diffed against in memory. I've found using custom classes to store this data starts to bring my GUI to a halt once I've loaded 10-15 files with approximately 4000 line of data each.
I'm considering several strategies to improve performance:
Don't store more than a few files in memory at a time and forget about what I hoped would have been perf improvement in parsing by keeping them in memory
Experiment with running all the base file data in a BackgroundWorker thread. I'm not doing any work of these files on the GUI thread but maybe all that stored data is affecting it somehow. I'm guessing here.
Experiment with System.Runtime.Caching class.
The question asked here on SO didn't, in my mind, answer the question of what's the best strategy for this type of work. Thanks in advance for any help you can provide!
A:
Assuming 100 character lines of text 15 * 4000 * 100 is only 6MB which is a trivial amount of memory on a modern PC. If your GUI is coming to a halt then to me that is an indication of virtual memory being swapped in and out to disk. That doesn't make sense for only 6MB so I'd figure out how much it's really taking up and why. If may well be some trivial mistake that would be easier to fix than re-thinking your whole strategy. The other possibility is that it has nothing to do with memory consumption but rather an algorithm issue.
A:
You should use MemoryCache for this.
It works almost alike the ASP.Net Cache class, and allows you to set when it should clean up, which should be cleaned up first etc.
It also allows you to reload items based on dependencies, or after a certain time. Has callbacks on remove.
Very complete.
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Azimuth Check: Unpaid Social Liaisons
Let’s check our direction without the help of any paid or unpaid social liaisons. Though, this week I’ll be applying for “unpaid social liaison” positions at my nearest military base. Who’s willing to bet that I lack fundamental, requisite qualifications?
Too many people are reacting with extreme seriousness to this whole situation. Stop. Let’s have fun with a prime example of the fallibility of humanity. After all, the only thing separating those two from the morally-upright-citizens-regiment is circumstance. Frankly, we should be thrilled that neither of them has the title “Reverend,” as with most stories of this nature.
So, let’s go “All In” with some unwashed trivia.
Does the Military Have Jurisdiction?
Here’s our trivia question. And, I think this is a pretty good one.
Can Mr. Petraeus be given a court-martial for committing adultery? After all, he is retired and no longer wearing a uniform on a regular basis. He is entitled to military retirement pay and benefits as a result.
First, what is adultery?
The elements of the crime are as follows (Article 134 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice):
1. That the accused wrongfully had sexual intercourse with a certain person;
2. That, at the time, the accused or the other person was married to someone else; and
3. That, under the circumstances, the conduct of the accused was to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces or was of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces.
So, knowing that the evidentiary hurdle for establishing element 3 is extraordinarily low, 1 and 2 are easily met by the General’s own confession.
The big question is whether the military has jurisdiction.
Article 2 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice answers the question for us.
a. The following persons are subject to this chapter:
…
4. Retired members of a regular component of the armed forces who are entitled to pay.
So, the answer is yes. General Petraeus could be recalled to active duty for the purposes of holding him accountable for the military crime of adultery. Of course, this is highly unlikely given the bureaucratic nightmare that is recalling someone back to the active rolls (not to mention the unnecessary and burdensome media attention). However, this is trivia. We’re not worried about probability, only possibility.
So, what about his paramour?
Good question, and, honestly, I don’t have enough facts to answer it.
Some press reports make her a member of the Army Reserve Component. Some say she is no longer a member. However, establishing her as subject to the UCMJ is not as easy as with the General, even if we have the facts of her military status.
Let’s turn to Article 2 of the UCMJ, as before:
a. The following persons are subject to this chapter:
…
3. Members of a reserve component while on inactive-duty training…
What is “inactive-duty training?” You know how reservists are caused to perform their duties on one weekend each month and two weeks each summer? That is inactive training. If it could be proven that she had relations with him on one of these times, and if she is still a member of the reserves, then she could be punished by the military.
Of course, as with him, this is extremely unlikely for many reasons. But, hey, now you can amaze your gossipy friends with a unique bit of trivia.
Unpaid Social Liaisons
This term is not getting the double-entendre treatment I expected. So, here’s my contribution.
In short, I’m disgusted that the military has unpaid social liaisons available for high-ranking individuals when lower-ranking servicemembers must pay for the same or similar services.
Update:
Some people (see comments) refuse to recognize that retirees are subject to the code.
§ 22 Responses to Azimuth Check: Unpaid Social Liaisons
As long as you are talking possiblities, I would suggest that if she is still a member of a reserve component that some sort of letter (LOC, LOA, LOR or whatever it is they do in the Army) is very possible. No need for you to be in status to garner one of those. I’m sure it wouldn’t be hard to dream up a basis — pretty much any civilian action that besmirches your service branch in the eyes of the public can qualify.
Update: It seems that she is still on the reserve rolls and has been recently promoted to Lt. Colonel. Also, reports state that she lost her security clearance, which will make maintaining her officer commission problematic.
Eric,
I think you are wrong on this one. In order to exert juristiction the Adultery had to have happened while he was on active duty. If he was already retired when the acts took place then they can’t recall him for that sole purpose. If it happened while he was serving then they can recall him, but my understanding from the news stories it started after retirement.
Subparagraph C? You’re trying to use subparagraph c in this discussion? That paragraph is a standalone rule that applies to civilian workers (contractors and such) deploying with US armed forces overseas.
Here it is (in its entirety and not cherry-picked):
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person serving with an armed force who–
(1) Submitted voluntarily to military authority;
(2) met the mental competence and minimum age qualifications of sections 504 and 505 of this title at the time of voluntary submissions to military authority:
(3) received military pay or allowances; and
(4) performed military duties: is subject to this chapter until such person’s active service has been terminated in accordance with law or regulations promulgated by the Secretary concerned.
That is the rule, as changed by the handiwork of Senator Graham as part of the 2006 Defense Appropriations Act (I think). Notice that it applies to individuals serving “with” an armed force, not “in” an armed force. Those are the four criteria that must be satisfied in order to exercise jurisdiction over a civilian accompanying the force. If each of those applies to a civilian, then they may be held subject to the UCMJ.
OK, fine. I can see that I’m not going to win this fight, no matter how much law I cite or explain. Will you at least consider believing the folks at the National Institute of Military Justice?
After reading your post I asked our SJA on base where I work. This is what he pointed to.
2012 Manual for Court Martials, Rule 202
(a) In general. Courts-martial may try any person
when authorized to do so under the code.
Discussion
(1) Authority under the code. Article 2 lists classes of persons
who are subject to the code. These include active duty
personnel (Article 2(a)(1)); cadets, aviation cadets, and midshipmen
(Article 2(a)(2)); certain retired personnel (Article 2(a)(4)
and (5)); members of Reserve components not on active duty
under some circumstances (Article 2(a)(3) and (6)); persons in the
custody of the armed forces serving a sentence imposed by courtmartial
(Article 2(a)(7)); and, under some circumstances, specified
categories of civilians (Article 2(a)(8), (9), (10), (11), and
(12); see subsection (3) and (4) of this discussion). In addition,
certain persons whose status as members of the armed forces or
as persons otherwise subject to the code apparently has ended
may, nevertheless, be amendable to trial by court-martial. See
Article 3, 4, and 73. A person need not be subject to the code to
be subject to trial by court-martial under Articles 83, 104, or 106.
See also Article 48 and R.C.M. 809 concerning who may be
subject to the contempt powers of a court-martial.
(2) Active duty personnel. Court-martial jurisdiction is most
commonly exercised over active duty personnel. In general, a
person becomes subject to court-martial jurisdiction upon enlistment
in or induction into the armed forces, acceptance of a
commission, or entry onto active duty pursuant to orders. Courtmartial
jurisdiction over active duty personnel ordinarily ends on
delivery of a discharge certificate or its equivalent to the person
concerned issued pursuant to competent orders. Orders transferring
a person to the inactive reserve are the equivalent of a
discharge certificate for purposes of jurisdiction.
Yes, “ordinarily.” For most people who never reach retirement, like me, delivery of my discharge cert. ended my being subject to the UCMJ. There is a reason the comment (comments are not binding law) says “ordinarily” instead of “will” or “shall.”
Can you not see that Article 2(a)(4) offers a specific exception to what would “ordinarily” happen in the case of most average ETS’s?
Also, consider the pages I inserted in the “update” above from the Army JAG Legal Center and School’s Basic Military Justice Textbook. So, are you willing to disagree with me, the National Institute of Military Justice, and the faculty (all with LLMs in Military Law) at the Army JAG Legal Center and School?
35 MJ 620. The accused in this trial retired in 1984 and committed his crimes in 1992.
Retired members of the regular component entitled to pay are specifically included among those subject to trial by court-martial and may be recalled to active duty for that purpose. UCMJ art. 2 (a)(4); Pearson v. Bloss, 28 M.J. 376 (C.M.A.1989) ; United States v. Overton, 24 M.J. 309 (C.M.A.) ; cert. denied, 484 U.S. 976, 108 S.Ct. 487, 98 L.Ed.2d 485 (1987) . United States v. Hooper, 26 C.M.R. 417 (C.M.A.1958) . While the petitioner makes the argument that this case involves the right not to be tried, his argument must fail based on the statute and prior case law. Accordingly, we hold that there is jurisdiction to try the petitioner by court-martial since he is a member of the armed forces.
Those retirees aren’t really discharged. They’re moved to the retired rolls, subject to recall at any time.
1. The text of Article 2(a)(4)
2. An excerpt from the JAG School Textbook (with citations to appellate decisions).
3. A link to the issue addressed by folks at the National Institute for Military Justice.
4. Texts from appellate cases addressing this issue (with citations to more appellate decisions).
5. A rebuttal to your improper use of Article 2(c).
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Parametric devices are flexible and convenient sources of widely-tunable coherent radiation, encompassing all time-scales from the femtosecond pulse to the continuous-wave. In these, a coherent beam of electromagnetic radiation referred to as the pump wave is used to stimulate a non-linear process in a non-linear (optical) material, resulting in the division of the energy/power in the coherent pump into two generated waves, typically referred to as the signal and idler waves. The signal wave is usually defined as the wave providing the useful output from the device, although that is not invariably the case. In the present application, the signal wave has the longer wavelength of the two generated waves.
Parametric devices can operate in a variety of configurations including amplifiers, oscillators and generators. In a parametric amplifier an intense coherent pump wave is made to interact with the non-linear material to produce amplification at the signal and idler wavelengths. A parametric oscillator uses a parametric amplifier inside a cavity resonant at one or both of the signal and idler waves. In this case, the signal/idler waves are either self-starting from noise/parametric fluorescence or the cavity is injection seeded by a suitable source operating at the signal/idler wavelength.
Oscillators that are resonant at only one of the signal and idler wavelengths are referred to as being singly-resonant, whilst those that are resonant at both are referred to as doubly-resonant oscillator. As is well established in the literature the doubly-resonant oscillator has the advantage of a significantly lower oscillation threshold in terms of the pump power/energy required to bring the oscillator into oscillation compared to the singly-resonant oscillator. However, the doubly-resonant oscillator has serious disadvantages in terms of the attainment of smooth and continuous tuning of the signal/idler waves.
Parametric generators generate signal/idler waves by the interaction of an intense pump wave with a non-linear material to parametrically produce these two other waves. No cavity is provided for these down-converted waves since the parametric gain in this case is sufficiently high as to allow adequate transfer of energy/power to these waves with only non-resonant single (or multiple) passing of the signal and/or idler waves through the non-linear material. Again in this case the signal and/or idler waves are self-starting from noise/parametric fluorescence or the generator is injection seeded by a suitable source operating at the signal and/or idler wavelengths.
There is considerable interest in extending the spectral coverage of parametric devices. This is because they are often used as sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation in spectral regions either not covered by any other sources, or where a single parametric-wave source is capable of replacing a number of sources that would otherwise be needed in order to provide the spectral coverage required. However, a serious limitation encountered in attempting to extend the spectral coverage of parametric generation to new regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum is the detrimental effect of absorption within the non-linear material of one or more of the three waves involved in the non-linear interaction. Indeed, the spectral coverage attainable with a particular parametric generation scheme is often determined by the onset of such absorption rather than by the non-linear or phase-matching characteristics of the non-linear material. Hence, it follows that elimination of such a restriction would result in improved spectral coverage attainable through the parametric generation process.
One solution to the problem of absorption is to employ a configuration of interacting waves such that the wave subject to excessive absorption exits the non-linear material as rapidly as possible after its generation. This wave is usually, but not invariably, the signal wave. One method for doing this is based on using non-collinear phase matching in such a way as to cause the wave subject to absorption to rapidly walk out from the non-linear material in a direction that is substantially lateral to the propagation direction of the pump wave. This is illustrated in FIG. 1, which shows the geometry of the interacting pump 1, idler 2 and signal 3 waves in a non-linear material 4. FIG. 2 shows the phase-matching process through a so-called k-vector diagram where kp, ki, ks are the wave vectors of the pump, idler and signal respectively within the non-linear material, angle θ is the angle subtended by the pump 1 and idler 2 waves and angle φ the angle subtended by pump wave 1 and signal wave 3. By altering the angle θ between the pump 1 and idler 2 waves, the signal wave can be rapidly tuned over a wide range.
To maintain the necessary non-linear interaction between the pump wave 1 and the idler wave 2 of FIGS. 1 and 2, they must be of sufficient radial (transverse) extent to maintain overlap between them throughout the length of the non-linear material. The parametric gain scales with the radial extent of these beams. As a consequence of the limitation placed on the interaction between the three waves due to the lateral walk-off of the signal wave, the radial extent of the beams needs to be of the order of the absorption length of the signal wave in the non-linear medium in order to optimise the gain experienced by the idler wave 2.
Examples of the technique of FIGS. 1 and 2 are described in the articles “Efficient, tunable optical emission from LiNbO3 without a resonator”, by Yarborough et al, Applied Physics Letters 15(3), pages 102-4 (1969); “Coherent tunable THz-wave generation from LiNbO3 with monolithic grating coupler”, by Kawase et al, Applied Physics Letters 68(18), pages 2483-2485 (1996); and “Terahertz wave parametric source” by Kawase et al, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 35(3), pages R1-14 (2002), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A problem with the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 is that because of the reduced interaction between the three waves, the oscillation threshold is increased compared to conventional devices where the waves are all collinear. This has the undesirable consequences of limiting the applicability of the technique to materials exhibiting high non-linear coefficients, as well as requiring pump waves of high energy/power, and so demanding the undesirable use of high-energy/power lasers. This latter requirement prevents the development of compact and portable versions of these devices, so limiting their utility.
An alternative approach to that illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is to arrange for the pump 1 and idler 2 waves to propagate collinearly through the non-linear material 4 while still maintaining the substantially lateral propagation of the signal wave 3. This condition of operation is effected by the use of a slant-stripe-type periodically-poled crystal as the non-linear material. FIG. 3 illustrates this hybrid collinear/non-collinear phase-matching process. FIG. 4 illustrates the phase-matching process through a k-vector diagram, in which K is the grating vector that describes the slant-stripe, periodically-poled non-linear crystal. Examples of this technique are described in co-pending international patent application PCT/GB2005/002912, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In this case, the presence of the additional vector K allows the pump 1 and idler 2 waves to propagate collinearly within the non-linear crystal 4 while the signal wave exits substantially laterally as required. Indeed it is apparent that it can be so arranged that the signal wave 3 propagates orthogonal to the collinear pump 1 and idler 2 waves. Having the pump 1 and idler 2 waves collinear means that common elements can be used such as, but not restricted to, mirrors for the guidance or resonance of these waves. This can simplify otherwise complicated arrangements. In addition, the common-path approach associated with the collinear propagation of the pump 1 and idler 2 waves confers the advantage of enhanced geometrical/mechanical stability.
Whilst the arrangement illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4 confers some technical advantages, because it requires the fixing of the propagation direction of the idler wave 2 to be collinear with the propagation direction of the pump wave 1, the ability to attain wide and continuous tuning of the parametric process through the use of angle tuning is lost.
For the purpose of minimising the external pump power required to reach oscillation threshold, an approach adopted in the prior art is to place the optical parametric oscillator within the cavity of the laser used to generate the pump wave and in such a way that all three waves are collinear within the non-linear crystal, an arrangement generally referred to as an intracavity optical parametric oscillator. Because the non-linear medium experiences a pump wave with the intensity associated with the internal radiation field of the pump laser, which is generally substantially greater than the external radiation field available under optimum output coupling from the same pump laser, the requirements on the energy and power of the pump laser are significantly relaxed, leading to more compact devices. Examples of this are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,628,186; U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,126; GB 2,252,840 A; U.S. Pat. No. 5,195,104; U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,211; U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,503; WO 94/24735; and EP 0 644 636 A2, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. However, none of the systems described in these allow for the rapid exit of the required signal wave from the non-linear material, simultaneously with wide and continuous tuning.
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Keeping The Faith And Reaping The Rewards
Just got done riding one of the best roller coaster rides of my life. Another ride is scheduled to take off on Wednesday and I’ll be on board for that one, too. They say this next one could be even better, but I haven’t experienced the heightened level of excitement that the postseason ride carries with it since I was a kid so I hope my ticker can take it.
The ride I’m referring to is the Milwaukee Brewers incredible journey into its first postseason appearance in 26 years. The odyssey ended Sunday with a dramatic victory over the rival Cubs coupled with another late-inning collapse by the Mets.
Throughout the up-and-down season, many of my Brewer brethren were quick to exit the ride at the first sign of impending doom but I can honestly say my support for this team never wavered. Not during the team’s horrific month of May, not after the Brewers were swept by the Cubs in late July and not after the Mets busted out their own brooms during a three-game sweep over the Crew to open the month of September. Sure, I spent several nights this summer swearing at the TV after a forgettable batting-practice like pitching effort or the team’s inability to manufacture runs, but I always believed they’d some how find a way.
Putting yourself out there and keeping faith in your favorite team is a risky proposition much like telling that special someone you love them for the first time. It leaves you vulnerable to the prospect of being really hurt but when things work out like you hope it can leave you with a rewarding and fulfilling feeling like no other. Over the course of a 162-game schedule, the up-and-down relationship that we as fans often endure riding along with our favorite teams will often test a person’s faith. Maintaining that faith throughout despite the enevitible derailments that occur from time to time makes the ride just that much more fun. I’m proud to say I stayed put for the entire ride and plan to sit tight and keep my harness locked until the ride comes to a complete stop. Here’s hoping that won’t happen until Oct. 30.
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# Copyright (c) ppy Pty Ltd <[email protected]>. Licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.
# See the LICENCE file in the repository root for full licence text.
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Malocclusion in children caused by temporomandibular joint effusion.
Two unusual cases of temporomandibular joint effusion in children are presented. The differential diagnosis, radiographic imaging, treatment, and possible etiologies are described.
|
List of German mathematicians
This is a List of German mathematicians.
A
Ilka Agricola
Rudolf Ahlswede
Wilhelm Ahrens
Oskar Anderson
Karl Apfelbacher
Philipp Apian
Petrus Apianus
Michael Artin
Günter Asser
Bruno Augenstein
Georg Aumann
B
Isaak Bacharach
Paul Gustav Heinrich Bachmann
Reinhold Baer
Christian Bär
Wolf Barth
Friedrich L. Bauer
August Beer
Walter Benz
Rudolf Berghammer
Felix Bernstein
Ludwig Berwald
Karl Bobek
Friedrich Böhm
Oskar Bolza
Karl-Heinz Boseck
Hermann Bottenbruch
Benjamin Bramer
Andreas Brandstädt
Heinrich Brandt
Richard Brauer
Hel Braun
Alexander von Brill
Adolf Ferdinand Wenceslaus Brix
Max Brückner
Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff
Heinrich Bruns
Roland Bulirsch
Johann Karl Burckhardt
Heinrich Burkhardt
Hans Heinrich Bürmann
C
Georg Cantor
Constantin Carathéodory
Wilhelm Cauer
Ludolph van Ceulen
Otfried Cheong
David Christiani
Christopher Clavius
Stephan Cohn-Vossen
Paul Cohn
Armin B. Cremers
Peter Crüger
D
Richard Dedekind
Herbert von Denffer
Christopher Deninger
Otto Dersch
Max Deuring
Anton Deusing
Wolfgang Doeblin
Gustav Doetsch
Andreas Dress
E
Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus
Carl Gottlieb Ehler
Martin Eichler
Lorentz Eichstadt
Kirsten Eisenträger
Joachim Engel
Karin Erdmann
Andreas von Ettingshausen
F
Johann Faulhaber
Gustav Fechner
Dmitry Feichtner-Kozlov
Käte Fenchel
Paul Finsler
Felix Finster
Bernd Fischer
Hans Fitting
Andreas Floer
W. Frahm
Wilhelm von Freeden
Gottlob Frege
Gerhard Frey
Robert Fricke
Robert Frucht
Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs
Joseph Furttenbach
Philipp Furtwängler
G
David Gans
Nina Gantert
Harald Garcke
Joachim von zur Gathen
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gerhard Geise
Heide Gluesing-Luerssen
Johannes von Gmunden
Christian Goldbach
Kurt Gödel
Adolph Göpel
Rudolf Gorenflo
Lothar Göttsche
Hermann Grassmann
Heinrich Friedrich Gretschel
Michael Griebel
Martin Grötschel
Detlef Gromoll
H
Wolfgang Hackbusch
Wolfgang Hahn
Rudolf Halin
Ursula Hamenstädt
Johannes Hancke
Wolfgang Händler
Hermann Hankel
Raphael Levi Hannover
Carl Gustav Axel Harnack
Paul Harzer
Maria Hasse
Felix Hausdorff
Eduard Heine
Dieter Held
Kurt Hensel
Ferdinand Ernst Karl Herberstein
Maximilian Herzberger
Edmund Hess
Karl Hessenberg
David Hilbert
Friedrich Hirzebruch
Eberhard Hopf
Heinz Hopf
Jakob Horn
Günter Hotz
Annette Huber-Klawitter
Klaus Hulek
Gerhard Hund
Adolf Hurwitz
I
Ilse Ipsen
Caspar Isenkrahe
J
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Eugen Jahnke
Ferdinand Joachimsthal
Johann Lantz
Philipp von Jolly
Wilhelm Jordan
Jürgen Jost
Joachim Jungius
K
Erich Kähler
Margarete Kahn
Gabriele Kaiser
Theodor Kaluza
Erich Kamke
Ralph Kaufmann
Julia Kempe
Johannes Kepler
Felix Klein
Alfred Kneschke
Hellmuth Kneser
Martin Kneser
Herbert Koch
Karl-Rudolf Koch
Rudolf Kochendörffer
Leo Königsberger
Gottfried Köthe
Ernst Kötter
Gerhard Kowalewski
Leopold Kronecker
Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger
Ulrich Kulisch
L
Georg Landsberg
Karl Christian von Langsdorf
Wilhelm Leber
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Kurt Leichtweiss
Wolfgang Leinberer
Thomas Lengauer
Heinrich-Wolfgang Leopoldt
Jacob Leupold
Ferdinand von Lindemann
Rudolf Lipschitz
Peter Littelmann
Martin Löb
Alfred Loewy
Paul Lorenzen
Leopold Löwenheim
Yuri Luchko
Wolfgang Lück
Stephan Luckhaus
Günter Lumer
Jacob Lüroth
M
Michael Maestlin
Paul Mahlo
Helmut Maier
Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt
Yuri Manin
Jens Marklof
Johannes Marquart
Christian Gustav Adolph Mayer
Johann Tobias Mayer
Ernst Mayr
Gustav Ferdinand Mehler
Ludwig Mehlhorn
Nicholas Mercator
Franz Mertens
Uta Merzbach
Richard Meyer
Preda Mihăilescu
Hermann Minkowski
Otfrid Mittmann
August Ferdinand Möbius
Arnold Möller
Karl Mollweide
Robert Edouard Moritz
Jürgen Moser
Ruth Moufang
John Müller
Stefan Müller
Werner Müller
Herman Müntz
N
Valentin Naboth
Frank Natterer
Gabriele Nebe
Leonard Nelson
Eugen Netto
Jürgen Neukirch
Carl Neumann
Hanna Neumann
Walter Neumann
Mara Neusel
Nicholas of Cusa
Carsten Niebuhr
Hans-Volker Niemeier
Barbara Niethammer
Joachim Nitsche
Georg Nöbeling
Emmy Noether
Fritz Noether
Max Noether
Frieda Nugel
O
Adam Olearius
Friedrich Wilhelm Opelt
Volker Oppitz
Felix Otto
P
Moritz Pasch
Heinz-Otto Peitgen
Rose Peltesohn
Oskar Perron
Fritz Peter
Stefanie Petermichl
Hans Petersson
Carl Adam Petri
Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff
Michael Pfannkuche
Albrecht Pfister
Adolf Piltz
Julius Plücker
Leo August Pochhammer
Burkard Polster
Johannes Praetorius
William Prager
Alfred Pringsheim
Heinz Prüfer
Friedrich Prym
R
Rodolphe Radau
Thomas von Randow
Michael Rapoport
Regiomontanus
Karin Reich
Julius Reichelt
Hermann of Reichenau
Kurt Reidemeister
Christian Reiher
Nicolaus Reimers
Erasmus Reinhold
Michel Reiss
Eric Reissner
Roberet Remak
Reinhold Remmert
Lasse Rempe-Gillen
Theodor Reye
Hans-Egon Richert
Michael M. Richter
Bernhard Riemann
Adam Ries
Willi Rinow
Abraham Robinson
Michael Röckner
Werner Wolfgang Rogosinski
Karl Rohn
Helmut Röhrl
Alex F. T. W. Rosenberg
Johann Georg Rosenhain
Arthur Rosenthal
Markus Rost
Heinrich August Rothe
Thomas Royen
Ferdinand Rudio
Christoph Rudolff
Carl David Tolmé Runge
Iris Runge
S
Hans Samelson
Björn Sandstede
Lisa Sauermann
Mathias Schacht
Helmut H. Schaefer
Friedrich Wilhelm Schäfke
Paul Schatz
Arnd Scheel
Georg Scheffers
Adolf Schepp
Heinrich Scherk
Otto Schilling
Victor Schlegel
Ludwig Schlesinger
Oscar Schlömilch
Wilfried Schmid
Friedrich Karl Schmidt
Gunther Schmidt
Theodor Schneider
Claus P. Schnorr
Eckehard Schöll
Arnold Scholz
Heinrich Scholz
Peter Scholze
Johannes Schöner
Arnold Schönhage
Erich Schönhardt
Gaspar Schott
Martin Schottenloher
Hieronymus Schreiber
Ernst Schröder
Heinrich G. F. Schröder
Heinrich Schröter
Karl Schröter
Hermann Schubert
Horst Schubert
Johann Friedrich Schultz
Friedrich Schur
Issai Schur
Edmund Schuster
Christof Schütte
Kurt Schütte
Hermann Schwarz
Daniel Schwenter
Hans Schwerdtfeger
Christoph Scriba
Paul Scriptoris
Karl Seebach
Paul Seidel
Wladimir Seidel
Herbert Seifert
Reinhard Selten
Bernd Siebert
Carl Ludwig Siegel
Max Simon
Peter Slodowy
Hans Sommer
Wilhelm Specht
Emanuel Sperner
Theodor Spieker
Herbert Spohn
Roland Sprague
Ludwig Staiger
Simon von Stampfer
Angelika Steger
Karl Stein
Carl August von Steinheil
Ernst Steinitz
Moritz Abraham Stern
Michael Stifel
Johannes Stöffler
Josef Stoer
Uwe Storch
Volker Strassen
Reinhold Strassmann
Aegidius Strauch II
Karl Strehl
Thomas Streicher
Catharina Stroppel
Michael Struwe
Eduard Study
Ulrich Stuhler
Friedrich Otto Rudolf Sturm
Karl-Theodor Sturm
Bernd Sturmfels
John Christopher Sturmius
Wilhelm Süss
John M. Sullivan
T
Rosalind Tanner
Georg Tannstetter
Oswald Teichmüller
Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut
Carl Johannes Thomae
Gerhard Thomsen
William Threlfall
Ulrike Tillmann
Heinrich Emil Timerding
Otto Toeplitz
Johann Georg Tralles
Abdias Treu
Walter Trump
Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
Reidun Twarock
Dietrich Tzwyvel
Nicolas Guisnée
U
Helmut Ulm
V
Theodor Vahlen
Rüdiger Valk
Wilhelm Vauck
Hermann Vermeil
Eva Viehmann
Eckart Viehweg
Vitello
Kurt Vogel
Arndt von Haeseler
W
Klaus Wagner
Manfred Wagner
Friedhelm Waldhausen
Marion Walter
Friedrich Heinrich Albert Wangerin
Eduard Ritter von Weber
Heinrich Martin Weber
Werner Weber
Katrin Wehrheim
Dieter Weichert
Joachim Weickert
Karl Weierstrass
Erhard Weigel
Julius Weingarten
Michael Weiss
Paul Weiss
Ernst August Weiß
Katrin Wendland
Elisabeth M. Werner
Johannes Werner
Hermann Weyl
Johannes Widmann
Arthur Wieferich
Helmut Wielandt
Anna Wienhard
Hermann Wilken
Rudolf Wille
Thomas Willwacher
Ernst Eduard Wiltheiss
Ernst Witt
Alexander Witting
Franz Woepcke
Barbara Wohlmuth
Paul Wolfskehl
Hans Wussing
Peter Wynn
Z
Hans Zassenhaus
Julius August Christoph Zech
Christian Zeller
Karl Longin Zeller
Christoph Zenger
Sarah Zerbes
Ernst Zermelo
Karl Eduard Zetzsche
Günter M. Ziegler
Heiner Zieschang
Johann Jacob Zimmermann
Thomas Zink
Benedict Zuckermann
See also
List of mathematicians
List of German scientists
Science and technology in Germany
Category:Lists of mathematicians
Mathematicians
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Star Wars: The Force Awakens [DVD] [2015]Please note this is a region 2 DVD and will require a region 2 (Europe) or region Free DVD Player in order to play. Visionary director J.J. Abrams brings to life the motion picture event of a generation. As Kylo Ren and the sinister First Order rise from the ashes of the Empire, Luke Skywalker is missing when the galaxy needs him...by J.J. Abrams, with Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, published by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.
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Main menu
Keith Aleo
You are here
Keith A. Aleo has a multifaceted career as an orchestral player, educator and administrator. He is currently the Director of Education and Orchestral Activities at the Zildjian Company. He is also a full time member of the percussion faculty at the Boston Conservatory, Director of Percussion at the Interlochen Arts Camp in Interlochen, Michigan and is Director of Percussion at the University of Connecticut.
His playing credits include the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra and, in 2004, the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He was a member of the percussion section of the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra from 1989-2003, and a member of the percussion faculty at the University of Miami from 1994-2003.
Mr. Aleo's newest book, “Complimentary Percussion, a Handbook for Tambourine, Triangle, Cymbals and Bass Drum,” published by Bachovich Publishing, was released at PASIC 2011 with great success. Dan Bauch of the Boston Symphony says of the book: “Keith Aleo has filled a void in the field of orchestral percussion with his collection of etudes. They are clever, musically written, and address real challenges and impracticalities associated with these instruments. They are a valuable resource for all levels of experience."
He was a member of the Percussive Arts Society's Board of Directors and served on the Board of Overseer's at the New England Conservatory from 2004 – 2010. His awards include Chapter President of the Year for his work as president of the Florida Chapter of the Percussive Arts Society.
Mr. Aleo has given master classes and workshops on percussion instruments at numerous universities conventions. Highlights have included the Percussive Arts Society State and International Conventions, PAS Journees de la Percussion in Paris France, the PAS Italian Percussion Festival in Fermo Italy and multiple Music Educator Conferences.
Other publications include Advanced Etudes for Snare Drum, published by HoneyRock Publishing Inc, contributing editor for the Encyclopedia of Percussion Instruments, published by Garland Publishing and Advanced Duets for Snare Drum, released by HoneyRock Publishing Inc.
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Q:
How do I check if a value is assigned to an int in c#?
int x might not have an assignment. How do I detect that? What value does int hold when it is unassigned?
This gives me a warning in Visual Studio:
public SomeMethod(int x) {
if (x == null) {
/* VS throws a warning:
'The result of the expression is always 'false' since a value of type 'int'
is never equal to 'null' of type 'int' */
};
}
This also gives me a warning in Visual Studio:
public SomeMethod(int? x) {
// declaring int 'Nullable' does not fix the warning.
if (x == null) {
// Same warning.
};
}
Likewise:
public SomeMethod(int? x) {
if (!x.HasValue) {
// This does not work either.
};
}
A:
int x might not have an assignment.
That's simply not true. In your case, x is a parameter - it's "definitely assigned" from the start of the method, in specification terminology. When someone calls the method, they have to provide a value. There's no concept of the value not being assigned.
If you want to represent a parameter which may not have a meaningful int value, you should use Nullable<int>, aka int?:
public void DoSomething(int? x)
{
if (x == null)
{
...
}
else
{
// Or whatever
Console.WriteLine(x.Value);
}
}
As of C# 4, you could then give the parameter a default value of null if you want to be able to call it as just foo.DoSomething() without providing a value. You couldn't distinguish between that and foo.DoSomething(null) though.
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FAIRWAY PREP-FORMANCE JR. POLO
Whether or not he’s graduated from the mini golf course to the greens yet, the PREP-FORMANCE polo will make him feel like one of the big guys. The fairway has the clean, sophisticated, classic look of the original polo while keeping the “prep” PREP-FORMANCE. All the good stuff a moisture wicking shirt has to offer without the sheen.
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You are here
"STUDY: The Press And The Pipeline"
"A Media Matters analysis shows that as a whole, news coverage of the Keystone XL pipeline between August 1 and December 31 favored pipeline proponents. Although the project would create few long-term employment opportunities, the pipeline was primarily portrayed as a jobs issue. Pro-pipeline voices were quoted more frequently than those opposed, and dubious industry estimates of job creation were uncritically repeated 5 times more often than they were questioned. Meanwhile, concerns about the State Department's review process and potential environmental consequences were often overlooked, particularly by television outlets."
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Author
Topic: Itís raining offers for ICWAI grads (Read 1406 times)
Anonymous
SOME PROFESSIONALS are quietly reaping the benefits of the slowdown syndrome that is compelling companies to cut costs and spruce up efficiency levels. The trend has increased the demand and salary packages for cost accountants, going by the figures released by the Institute of Cost and Work Accountants of India (ICWAI). Apart from increased interest from the manufacturing sector, Muscat-based Al-Hasan group also debuted during the placement season this year. The Southern India Regional Council of Icwai conducted the two-day placement drive. ďThe average salary this year is Rs 3-5.3 lakh compared to Rs 3-4 lakh last year. The highest salary was offered by the Al-Hasan group, which offered Rs 12 lakh per annum. Sectorwise, there is also increased interest from the booming retail space,Ē said Mr Sunil Chacko, chairman, SIRC. A total of 145 candidates had applied for placements this year, of which 103 were placed. Mr Chacko added that there is an increased interest from the manufacturing and services sector. Recruiters include TVS group, ITC, BEL, EID Parry and Wipro. ďWhen everyone is talking about reducing cost and increasing efficiency, the role of a cost accountant becomes particularly useful,Ē Mr Chacko added. ICWAI officials said that while graduates who had completed their final level in previous years were preferred, recruiters now express interest in even recruiting students who have completed their intermediary levels. ICWAI has also revised the syllabus for the intermediary and final examinations, effective from January 2008. The new syllabus has been designed to address demands in areas such as valuation management, strategic management capital market analysis.
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Watch–Nancy Pelosi: Democrats Will Trade ‘Nothing’ for Border Wall
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) says if Democrats take back the House in the 2018 midterm elections, they will trade “nothing” in exchange for a border wall to be constructed along the U.S.-Mexico border.
During a sit-down discussion with the Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School, Pelosi said Democrats will not negotiate on building a border wall and called President Trump’s plan to stop illegal immigration “probably the worst way” to secure the southern border.
When asked by a student what Democrats would be willing to trade for handing over border wall funding — if they win the House — Pelosi responded with a smile, saying “Nothing.”
“We can’t allow [Trump] to say we’re not interested in protecting the border. That isn’t the only way to protect the border,” Pelosi said. “In fact, it’s probably the worst way to protect the border.”
Pelosi called amnesty for all 12 to 22 million illegal aliens living in the U.S. “the place that we have to go,” and called a border wall Trump’s “manhood issue.”
“In any event, it happens to be like a manhood issue for the president,” Pelosi said.
While Democrats admit that their plan for immigration if they win the 2018 midterm elections is open borders and blocking a border wall, House Republicans have said they will push for full wall funding.
As Breitbart News Political Editor Matt Boyle exclusively reported, House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy is introducing legislation that will fully fund a border wall along the southern border, as Trump has demanded.
The McCarthy legislation will provide more than $23 billion in funds to fully construct a U.S.-Mexico border wall and include “Kate’s Law” and the “No Sanctuary for Criminals Act” enforcement measures that specifically target ending sanctuary cities for illegal aliens and tougher penalties for illegal alien criminals.
John Binder is a reporter for Breitbart News. Follow him on Twitter at @JxhnBinder.
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Q:
iOS State restoration and UINavigationController modal views
I am trying to incorporate State Restoration in my app. I have it working fine for the most part, but presenting a navigation controller for a modal view on top of another navigation controller seems challenging.
For testing, I created a new split-view app on the iPad, with navigation controllers for both sides of the split view, and a Master and Detail view controller for each side, the roots of their respective navcontrollers. In the master view, you can click on a button to push a new TestViewController onto the navController stack programatically. I hook up the splitView in the storyboard, add restorationIDs to everything, opt-in to the delegate, provide a restoration class and adhere to the UIViewControllerRestoration protocol for TestViewController (since it's created programmatically) and everything works fine. If I close the app and retort it, it will start the TestViewController pushed onto the master's navcontroller. So far so good.
I then change the button handler to present the TestViewController inside a new UINavigationController, present it onto the master's navigation controller, to show a modal view (instead of pushing it on the nav stack). Now, when I relaunch the app, there is no modal view there anymore. TestModalViewController's viewControllerWithRestorationIdentifierPath:coder: is actually called correctly as before, but the modal view is never presented for some reason.
Here is the code for what I'm talking about
MasterViewController.h:
- (void)pushButton:(id)sender
{
TestModalViewController *test = [[TestModalViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"TestViewController" bundle:nil];
test.restorationIdentifier = @"testid";
test.restorationClass = [TestModalViewController class];
UINavigationController *modal = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:test];
modal.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationFormSheet;
modal.restorationIdentifier = @"ModalTestID";
[self.navigationController presentViewController:modal animated:YES completion:nil];
return;
}
TestModalViewController.m:
+ (UIViewController *) viewControllerWithRestorationIdentifierPath:(NSArray *)identifierComponents coder:(NSCoder *)coder {
TestModalViewController *test = [[TestModalViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"TestViewController" bundle:nil];
test.restorationClass = [TestModalViewController class];
test.restorationIdentifier = [identifierComponents lastObject];
return test;
}
Perhaps the UINavigationController that is created to display modally is never preserved? Not sure why, because it does have a restorationIdentifier.
Edit:
After further testing, it turns out if I remove the UINavigationController from the the pushButton: code, and present the TestModalViewController instance directly, it gets restored correctly. So something about the UINavigationController being presented from another UINavigationController?
This works (though not what I really want):
- (void)pushButton:(id)sender
{
TestModalViewController *test = [[TestModalViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"TestViewController" bundle:nil];
test.restorationIdentifier = @"testid";
test.restorationClass = [TestModalViewController class];
//UINavigationController *modal = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:test];
//modal.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationFormSheet;
//modal.restorationIdentifier = @"ModalTestID";
[self.navigationController presentViewController:test animated:YES completion:nil];
return;
}
EDIT:
Attached link to test project: dropbox.com/sh/w8herpy2djjl1kw/vw_ZWqimgt
It's basically the Core Data master-detail template; run it on the iPad simulator. The + button in Master invokes the TestModalVC; if you then press the Home button, then kill debugger and launch again, you see the snapshot contains the TestModalVC but when the app is launched, it doesn't get restored
A:
You can either create your own restoration class to handle this, or add the following to your app delegate:
- (UIViewController *)application:(UIApplication *)application viewControllerWithRestorationIdentifierPath:(NSArray *)identifierComponents
coder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
NSString *lastIdentifier = [identifierComponents lastObject];
if ([lastIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ModalTestID"])
{
UINavigationController *nc = [[UINavigationController alloc] init];
nc.restorationIdentifier = @"ModalTestID";
return nc;
}
else if(...) //Other navigation controllers
{
}
return nil;
}
More information in the documentation.
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FDA finds traces of melamine in US infant formula
Traces of the industrial chemical melamine have been detected in samples of top-selling U.S. infant formula, but federal regulators insist the products are safe.
The Food and Drug Administration said last month it was unable to identify any melamine exposure level as safe for infants, but a top official said it would be a "dangerous overreaction" for parents to stop feeding infant formula to babies who depend on it.
Consumers Union said Wednesday that the FDA advice is of small comfort to parents and caregivers. "It is very disturbing to us that no recall has been requested," said Jean Halloran, the group's director of Food Policy Initiatives. "The FDA originally said there was no safe level for these contaminants in infant formula. So this formula is contaminated."
Halloran said she urged the FDA "to immediately make public all of the results of its tests for melamine contamination in food," even those with levels below what would trigger agency action.
Melamine is the chemical found in Chinese infant formula - in far larger concentrations - that has been blamed for killing at least three babies and making at least 50,000 others ill.
Previously undisclosed tests, obtained by The Associated Press under the Freedom of Information Act, show that the FDA has detected melamine in a sample of one popular formula and the presence of cyanuric acid, a chemical relative of melamine, in the formula of a second manufacturer.
Separately, a third major formula maker told AP that in-house tests had detected trace levels of melamine in its infant formula.
The FDA and other experts said the melamine contamination in U.S.-made formula had occurred during the manufacturing process, rather than intentionally.
The U.S. government quietly began testing domestically produced infant formula in September, soon after problems with melamine-spiked formula surfaced in China.
Sundlof said there have been no reports of human illness in the United States from melamine, which can bind with other chemicals in urine, potentially causing damaging stones in the kidney or bladder and, in extreme cases, kidney failure.
Melamine is used in some U.S. plastic food packaging and can rub off onto what we eat; it's also contained in a cleaning solution used on some food processing equipment and can leach into the products being prepared.
Sundlof told the AP the positive test results "so far are in the trace range, and from a public health or infant health perspective, we consider those to be perfectly fine."
That's different from the impression of zero tolerance the agency left on Oct. 3, when it stated: "FDA is currently unable to establish any level of melamine and melamine-related compounds in infant formula that does not raise public health concerns."
FDA scientists said then that they couldn't set an acceptable level of melamine exposure in infant formula because science hadn't had enough time to understand the chemical's effects on infants' underdeveloped kidneys.
The agency added, however, that its position did not mean that any exposure to a detectable level of melamine and melamine-related compounds in infant formula would result in harm to infants.
Still, the announcement was widely interpreted by manufacturers, the news media and Congress to mean that infant formula that tested positive at any level could not be sold in the United States.
It was not until the AP inquired about tests on domestic formula that the FDA articulated that while it couldn't set a safe exposure for infants, it would accept some melamine in formula - raising the question of whether the decision to accept very low concentrations was made only after traces were detected.
On Sunday, Sundlof said the agency had never said, nor implied, that domestic infant formula was going to be entirely free of melamine.
The concentrations of melamine there were extraordinarily high, as much as 2,500 parts per million. The concentrations detected in the FDA samples were 10,000 times smaller - the equivalent of a drop in a 64-gallon trash bin.
According to the FDA, data for tests of 77 infant formula samples showed a trace concentration of melamine in one product - Nestle's Good Start Supreme Infant Formula with Iron. The FDA had two positive tests on one sample, with readings of 0.137 and 0.14 parts per million, FDA spokeswoman Judy Leon said Wednesday.
An FDA spreadsheet the AP received Monday under its FOIA request attributed those results to Mead Johnson's Infant Formula Powder, Enfamil LIPIL with Iron. On Wednesday, Leon said the FDA's spreadsheet contained an error - that the information provided to the AP had incorrectly switched the names of the Mead Johnson product with the Nestle product.
Leon said Wednesday that a corrected spreadsheet shows that it was Mead Johnson's Infant Formula Powder, Enfamil LIPIL with Iron in which FDA detected an average of 0.247 parts per million of cyanuric acid, a melamine byproduct.
Mead Johnson spokesman Pete Paradossi said the FDA had not informed his company of any of its test results until an emergency conference call Wednesday.
The FDA said last month that the toxicity of cyanuric acid is under study, but that in the meantime, it is "prudent" to assume that its potency is equal to that of melamine.
And while the FDA said tests of 18 samples of formula made by Abbott Laboratories, including its Similac brand, did not detect melamine, spokesman Colin McBean said some company tests did find the chemical. He did not identify the specific product or the number of positive tests.
McBean did say the Abbott detections were at levels far below the health limits set by all countries in the world, including Taiwan, where the limit is 0.05 parts per million.
The FDA tests also detected melamine in two samples of nutritional supplements for very sick children who have trouble digesting regular food. Nestle's Peptamen Junior medical food showed 0.201 and 0.206 parts per million of melamine while Nestle's Nutren Junior-Fiber showed 0.16 and 0.184 parts per million.
The agency said that while there are no established exposure levels for infant formula, pediatric medical food - often used in feeding tubes for very sick, young children - can have 2.5 parts per million of melamine, just like food products other than infant formula.
The head of manufacturing for Nestle Nutrition in North America, Walter Huber, said in an interview that the company took samples alongside FDA officials who visited a manufacturing plant, and that those samples showed similar results to what FDA found for the two pediatric medical foods. Huber added that Nestle didn't find cyanuric acid in any of the samples.
Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., who heads a panel that oversees the FDA budget, said the agency was taking a "marketplace first, science last" approach.
"The FDA should be insisting on a zero-tolerance policy for melamine in domestic infant formula until it is able to determine conclusively based on sound independent science that the trace levels would not pose a health risk to infants," DeLauro said.
Several medical experts said trace concentrations would be diluted even in an infant, and are highly unlikely to be harmful.
Dr. Jerome Paulson, an associate professor of pediatrics at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C., said he didn't think the FDA's decision was unreasonable. He added, however, that the agency should research the impacts of long-term, low-dose exposure, "and not just assume it's safe, and then 15 years from now find out that it's not."
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Q:
Cardinality of the family of all possible connected subsets of $\Bbb R^n$
Actually, I have tried the obvious fact that a subset of the line is connected iff it's an interval. And, the family of all possible intervals of the line is equinumerous with $\Bbb R$, as we can send any interval to an ordered pair having order as that of the end-points , including both the infinities.
But, for the plane, I am guessing about a suitable characteristic to match any connected set except the general definition. I thought the compliment, the cardinality of the family of sets which can be written as a separation, both non-empty, but then I think I need to find cardinality of all open subsets of the plane .
But, I need a hint to approach concretely .
A:
$\Bbb R^2\setminus [0,1]\times \{0\}$ is connected, and it stays connected if you add in any collection of the points in $[0,1]\times \{0\}$. That gives you $2^{\mathfrak c}$ connected subsets, which is the same as all the subsets of $\Bbb R^2$. This works in any dimension greater than $1$
A:
I am guessing about a suitable characteristic to match any connected set
Connected subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n>1$ are waaaaaay too complicated to characterize. Unlike $\mathbb{R}$ case. For example for any countable subset $C\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$ the subset $\mathbb{R}^n-C$ is even path connected. In particular surprisingly $\mathbb{R}^2-\mathbb{Q}^2$ is path connected! Somehow you can connect any two points while avoiding infinitely dense set of holes. Counterintuitive if you ask me.
But you don't need to know all connected subsets in order to solve the problem. Some is enough.
Consider $\mathbb{R}$ embedded into $\mathbb{R}^n$ onto first coordinate. When $n>1$ then there is $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ which doesn't belong to $\mathbb{R}$. Now when $A\subseteq\mathbb{R}$ then construct a new set $A_x\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$ by connecting every element of $A$ with $x$ via straight line. So $A_x$ is a cone. Note that $A_x=B_x$ if and only if $A=B$ and each $A_x$ is path connected (even when $A$ is not). Therefore there is at least $2^{\mathfrak c}$ (path)connected subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$. And of course there cannot be more.
Note that this makes $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n>1$ a lot more complicated than $\mathbb{R}$ which has only $\mathfrak c$ connected subsets.
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We obtained evidence that inherited synucleinopathy, from mutation of the gene encoding alpha-synuclein or from triplication of the normal gene, results not only in familial parkinsonism but also in cardiac sympathetic denervation. Our neuroimaging findings have been confirmed by post-mortem pathology demonstrating markedly decreased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in epicardial nerves from patients with synuclein gene duplication. Based on studies of alpha-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in cardiac nerves in incidental Lewy body disease (thought to represent pre-symptomatic PD), there appears to be a centripetal, retrograde denervation process, beginning with alpha-synuclein deposition and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-containing nerves in distal myocardium, followed by more proximal lesions and formation of Lewy bodies in sympathetic ganglia. Eventually, in clinically overt PD, there is no detectable alpha-synuclein deposition in the heart, presumably because of absence of noradrenergic nerves, and the main pathologic findings are absence of epicardial neural tyrosine hydroxylase and presence of ganglionic Lewy bodies. Consistent with a centripetal, retrograde process, follow-up neuroimaging studies have shown early, progressive loss of 6-18Ffluorodopamine-derived radioactivity in the apex and inferolateral walls of the left ventricle, with later loss of more proximal anterobasal septal radioactivity. To understand better the link between alpha-synucleinopathy and catecholaminergic denervation, we are testing hypotheses derived from the concept that cytoplasmic amines are autotoxins. Whereas other groups are focusing on auto-oxidation of cytoplasmic amines, we are focusing on enzymatic autotoxicity. According to the catecholaldehyde hypothesis, cytoplasmic dopamine is converted by mitochondrial monoamine oxidase to the toxic catecholaldehyde, dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). DOPAL is detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), to form dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Using a novel assay method for measuring DOPAL, DOPAC, and dopamine simultaneously, we found that in the putamen of patients with end-stage PD the estimated amount of DOPAL per dopamine terminal was about 10 times control, and ALDH activity, measured by the DOPAC:DOPAL ratio, was about 25% of control. These striking findings are consistent with DOPAL buildup from decreased ALDH activity in the putamen of PD patients. In summary, in PD catecholaminergic denervation in the brain and heart is linked to alpha-synucleinopathy, and post-mortem PD brain features DOPAL buildup and decreased ALDH activity. In the future we hope to develop cellular and animal models to test experimentally whether PD results from pathologic interactions between catecholaldehydes and alpha-synuclein.
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104 A.2d 263 (1954)
Application of YOUNG, Atty. Gen.
Supreme Court of Delaware.
March 11, 1954.
*264 SOUTHERLAND, Chief Justice.
This is an application by the Attorney General for compensation, in addition to his salary, for services in representing the State before the Supreme Court of the United States in the cases of Gebhart v. Belton and Gebhart v. Bulah, (No. 448, Oct. Term, 1952, and No. 10, Oct. Term, 1953), involving the issue of segregation in the public schools of the State of Delaware. Such additional compensation is authorized by the provisions of 29 Del.C. § 2501, which read:
"§ 2501. Salary
"(a) The salary of the Attorney General shall be $7,500 per annum.
"(b) Whenever the Attorney General of this State has appeared for the State in the Supreme Court of the United States in any suit, writ of error or appeal to which the State is a party, and has argued on behalf of the State the questions involved in such suit, writ of error or appeal, there shall be paid to him by the State Treasurer such sum, in addition to his salary, as may be approved by the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of this State, by a certificate in writing."
The facts are these:
Our decision in the Gebhart cases, Del., 91 A.2d 137, denied the State's request for time to equalize the school facilities, and affirmed the Chancellor's order that the plaintiffs be forthwith admitted to the schools for white pupils. Upon advice of the Attorney General the State applied for and was granted certiorari from the Supreme Court of the United States in order that this single question the nature of the relief to be given should be reviewed by that Court. 344 U.S. 891, 73 S.Ct. 213, 97 L.Ed. 689.
At that time (November 1952) there were awaiting argument in that Court four other cases involving the much broader issue of the constitutionality of segregation in the public schools. These cases, and the Delaware case, were argued in December 1952. The Attorney General prepared the brief and made the argument on behalf of the State of Delaware upon the question of relief. On June 8, 1953, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered the cases restored to the docket for reargument in October and requested counsel for all of the parties, including the State of Delaware, to brief and argue ten questions touching both the constitutional issue and the issue of relief. See 345 U.S. 972, 73 S.Ct. 1114-1118, 97 L.Ed. 1388. The Attorney General thereafter briefed and argued these matters.
A reading of the questions propounded by the Supreme Court of the United States shows clearly that an adequate and intelligent discussion of them entailed extensive historical research by counsel on constitutional and social questions, and in particular research into the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution and the enactment of contemporary federal legislation relating to the civil rights of the Negro. The Attorney General found it necessary to employ counsel to assist him. Louis J. Finger, Esquire, a former Deputy Attorney General, was retained for this purpose. Delaware counsel examined and digested the Congressional Debates touching these matters, as well as source material gathered by other counsel relating to the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment by the ratifying states. As appears from their main brief on reargument, counsel also developed from historical material the background of segregation in Delaware and of our constitutional provisions of 1897 providing for equal but separate public schools. Const. art. 10, § 2, Del.C.Ann.
Such a task inevitably consumed a great amount of time, and the efficient handling of such material in briefs and arguments called for arduous and sustained intellectual effort. The Attorney General estimates that from September 1952 to December *265 1953 he devoted an average of fifty hours a month to these cases.
The gravity of the issues before the Supreme Court and their far reaching social and political implications need no emphasis. They are of national as well as of local importance. Without going into further detail, we are content to say that our own acquaintance with the litigation,[1] and the facts set forth in the Attorney General's moving papers and briefs, convince us that issues of great importance to the people of the State were, from the point of view of state policy, thoroughly and ably presented to the Supreme Court of the United States.
The case is one falling within the provisions of the statute. The Attorney General is entitled to an allowance. The question is, as always, how much?
We turn to the origin and purpose of the law. It was enacted in 1881, 16 Del.L. Ch. 332, and it is a fair inference that its passage was occasioned by the pendency in the Supreme Court of the United States of the first boundary litigation between Delaware and New Jersey. In that case there was at stake the State's title to the sub-aqueous soil of the Delaware River within the twelve-mile circle. At that time the annual salary of the Attorney General appears to have been $1,500. Act of March 23, 1871, Vol. 14, Del.L. Ch. 36.
The statute thus appears to reflect a legislative recognition of the unfairness of requiring a part-time official to perform unusual and extraordinary services, outside of his ordinary and expected duties, without providing reasonable additional compensation. We say "a part-time official" because in Delaware it is a custom of long standing to staff the Attorney General's office with lawyers who also engage in private practice. According to general belief this custom evidences a legislative policy that permits the State to obtain the services of well qualified attorneys at salaries that would not be attractive if the official were required to devote his entire time to his duties.
The act of 1881 is not the only instance of the legislative policy of awarding additional compensation to the chief law officer of the State for special service. A joint resolution of March 27, 1879, 16 Del.L. Ch. 206, supplemented by joint resolutions of May 15, 1891, and May 2, 1893, 19 Del.L. Ch. 366 and Ch. 861, directed the Attorney General to take steps to collect from the United States certain sums due and owing to the State of Delaware and provided for special compensation of twenty five per cent of the amount so collected. These claims were collected in 1908 by the then Attorney General, and the special compensation, amounting to more than $20,000, was paid.[2]
We revert to the act of 1881. We have been unable to find any prior instance of its use.[3] Hence no standards for determining the amount of an allowance under it have been evolved.
It might be said that in the light of the legislative policy above adverted to the additional compensation of the Attorney General should be judged by the standards which are applicable to compensation from private clients in private matters, upon the theory that his available time for private practice is diminished by the performance of extraordinary duties and that the standards applicable to such private practice are to that extent to govern the amount of the allowance.
We are of the opinion, however, that these standards are inapplicable. The language of the statute indicates that the allowance is to be something "in addition *266 to his salary". The inference is that the award of compensation must take into account the fact that he is a salaried public officer. As we all know, the monetary reward of important public office is, in general, far below that of comparable private practice or employment.
We must therefore seek precedents in analogous cases, namely, cases of court-awarded compensation to persons performing public or quasi-public duties. The illustration that naturally occurs to the mind is that of compensation allowed to receivers and their counsel in receiverships or similar proceedings. In McWilliams, Jr., Co. v. Missouri-Kansas Pipe Line Co., 21 Del. Ch. 308, 190 A. 569, Chancellor Wolcott observed that in making allowances out of funds belonging to others the Court does not possess the same freedom of disposition that they have who are dispensing moneys that are their own. Quoting with approval the remark of Chief Justice Taft that in such matters there is no room for the practice of "vicarious generosity", he observed that so far as concerns receivers and trustees and their attorneys, who are all officers of the court, "they can neither expect nor be paid more than `moderate compensation.'" 21 Del.Ch. at page 322, 190 A. at page 576. This principle applies with especial force to additional allowances to holders of public office as such.
On the other hand, compensation for valuable service well performed should not be awarded in a niggardly or grudging spirit, lest support be lent to the view, sometimes expressed, that important public service is unattractive to able men.
With these general observations in mind we turn to the application presented to us. One aspect of it should be noticed at once. The application covers the services of the Attorney General only. It is contemplated that special counsel will be separately compensated, and will make no application under this statute. There is ample precedent for the employment by the Attorney General of special counsel in cases of great importance in the Supreme Court of the United States, and it has been the practice to compensate them from available appropriations or from special appropriations made for the purpose.[4] Whether such special counsel could be compensated under this statute upon petition filed by the Attorney General is a question not before us and we express no opinion upon it. We confine ourselves to saying that in the light of the questions propounded by the Supreme Court of the United States as a predicate for reargument, and in view of the precedents in like cases, the employment of special counsel was entirely proper.
We revert to the amount of compensation requested. The Attorney General requests an allowance of $12,500. Tested by the standards prevailing in private practice the importance and difficulty of the legal questions involved, the standing and ability of counsel, and the ability of the client to pay the amount requested is probably less than would be justly demanded of a private client. But we must apply the standards which we have laid down. The compensation must be substantial, but it must also be considerably less than that which would be allowable in private practice. The allowance should therefore bear some relation to the salary, although no mathematical formula is feasible or proper. Thus in the first boundary suit the Attorney General, whose salary was then $2,000, 22 Del.L. p. 552, was allowed $3,000. The work in that case, as here, entailed much historical research, and also the taking of testimony intermittently over a period of years; but the case was not briefed or argued. (The difference in the value of money must, of course, be *267 taken into account.) In this case the work extended over a period of fourteen months; the taking of testimony was not required, but the case was briefed and argued.
Taking into consideration all of the facts and principles of law above outlined, we do not think the additional compensation in this case should exceed the amount of the yearly salary. An allowance of $7,500 we think is reasonable.
A certificate to that effect may be presented.
WOLCOTT and TUNNELL, JJ., concur.
NOTES
[1] Two of the members of this Court participated in the Gebhart cases. Del., 91 A.2d 137.
[2] State Auditor's Report, 1909, p. 74.
[3] The first New Jersey-Delaware boundary suit was settled by the compact of 1905, 23 Del.L.Ch. 5, and was never argued. The second boundary case was briefed and argued by special counsel.
[4] In the first boundary suit, which never came to argument, the Attorney General and special counsel appear to have been allowed by the General Assembly counsel fees of $3,000 and $2,500 respectively. Claims Act of 1905, 23 Del.L.Ch. 13. In the second boundary suit three special counsel were employed and were compensated partly from existing appropriations and partly from a special appropriation for the expenses of the suit. See 39 Del.L.Ch. 3.
|
Q:
Create dataframe from itertools product
I have two lists:
a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
I want to create a dataframe whereby each combination of (a,b) generates a dataframe X and I pick out the max value of X, with the resulting output rows/columns with the elements in a and b.
df=[]
for i, j in itertools.product(a, b):
X = do_something(i,j) ## this is a dataframe
x_value = X.max()
df.append(i,j,x_value)
df=pd.DataFrame(df, columns=['a', 'b', 'x_value'])
The output dataframe should have columns as a, rows as b, and values as x_value.
1 2 3
4
5
6
A:
IIUC, you want to know how to go from a list of (i, j, x) values to a DataFrame where i corresponds to the columns, j the index, and x the value:
For example, if you had:
a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
func = lambda i, j: i+j
result = [(i, j, func(i,j)) for i, j in itertools.product(a, b)]
print(result)
#[(1, 4, 5),
# (1, 5, 6),
# (1, 6, 7),
# (2, 4, 6),
# (2, 5, 7),
# (2, 6, 8),
# (3, 4, 7),
# (3, 5, 8),
# (3, 6, 9)]
One way to turn this into a DataFrame is to use collections.defaultdict:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(list)
for i, j, x in result:
d[i].append(x)
df = pd.DataFrame(d, index=b)
print(df)
# 1 2 3
#4 5 6 7
#5 6 7 8
#6 7 8 9
|
100 U.S. 8 (____)
SOULE
v.
UNITED STATES.
Supreme Court of United States.
Mr. W.W. Morrow for the plaintiffs in error.
The Solicitor-General for the United States.
MR. JUSTICE CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.
Internal-revenue collectors are required, before entering upon the duties of their office, to execute a bond for such amount as shall be prescribed by the commissioner, under the direction of the secretary, with not less than five sureties, conditioned that *9 the collector shall faithfully perform his duties, and account for and pay over to the United States all public moneys which may come into his hands and possession. 13 Stat. 225.
Pursuant to that requirement, the defendant first named, having been appointed such collector, on the 12th of January, 1867, gave the bond described in the complaint, and the other defendants signed the same as his sureties, the charge in the complaint being that the collector failed to perform the conditions of the bond.
Service having been made, the defendants appeared and pleaded as follows: 1. That the allegations of the complaint are not true. 2. That the bond is void because executed under duress. 3. Performance.
Subsequently the parties went to trial, and the verdict and judgment were in favor of the plaintiff. Exceptions were filed by the defendants, and they sued out the present writ of error, and removed the cause into this court.
Errors assigned here are as follows:
1. That the court erred in admitting in evidence the transcript of accounts as audited by the fifth auditor.
2. That the court erred in instructing the jury that the sureties were liable for the item charged in the transcript as the excess collected on the amount of gauger's fees.
3. That the court erred in instructing the jury that the transcript was prima facie evidence of the correctness of the item charged therein as the amount of error by the assessor in footing lists, as per report of the supervisor.
4. That the court erred in instructing the jury that upon the evidence given the bond was a voluntary bond and was not extorted, and that the collector and his sureties were liable upon it.
5. That the court erred in instructing the jury that the direction to the collector contained in the letter of the commissioner to execute the bond, he having previously given one, must be considered as the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury.
Five things are established by the act of Congress: 1. That it is the duty of the commissioner to pay over daily to the treasurer all public moneys which may come into his possession. *10 2. That the treasurer is required to give proper receipts for the money, and keep a faithful account of the same. 3. That it is also the duty of the commissioner, at the end of each month, to render true and faithful accounts of all public moneys received or paid out or paid to the treasurer, and to exhibit proper vouchers for the same. 4. That it is the duty of the fifth auditor to receive such vouchers and examine the same, and to certify the balance, if any, and to transmit the accounts with the vouchers and certificate to the first comptroller for his decision thereon. 5. That it is the duty of the commissioner, when such accounts are settled as provided in that section, to transmit a copy thereof to the Secretary of the Treasury. 13 Stat. 223.
Argument to show that by the true construction of that section the fifth auditor is the proper officer to audit such accounts is scarcely necessary, as it is clear that the act contemplates that they should be audited, and that it does not devolve the duty upon any other officer. Conclusive support to that theory, if more be needed, is also derived from the first paragraph of sect. 277 of the Revised Statutes, which, among other things, provides that the fifth auditor shall receive and examine all reports of the commissioner of internal revenue, which of course embraces such accounts as that of the collector in this case, as it includes all the accounts rendered in the department of the commissioner. Rev. Stat. (2d ed.), sect. 277, p. 46.
Authority to appoint gaugers was conferred by the fifty-third section of the act imposing taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco, and for other purposes. 15 Stat. 147. Fees for gauging and inspecting, as prescribed by the commissioner, were to be paid to the collector by the owner or producer of the articles to be gauged and inspected. Such fees were to be retained by the collector until the last day of each month, when the aggregate amount of fees so retained was, under regulation of the commissioner, to be paid to the officers performing that duty, not to exceed, however, the rate of $3,000 per annum.
Four hundred and ninety-four dollars and thirty-eight cents, money collected from that source in excess of what the collector had paid out, remained in his hands, and was charged in the accounts as settled by the accounting officers of the *11 treasury. Due exception was taken by the sureties to the ruling of the court that they were liable for that charge. No objection was made to the charge as against the collector, but the objection was that the sureties were not liable, because the money was received under the subsequent act.
Viewed in that light, it must be assumed that the charge was a proper one as against the collector, and inasmuch as it was money collected by law of the owner or producer of the articles to be gauged and inspected, it was clearly public money in his bands to which he had no legal right. By the terms of the bond in suit the sureties are to become responsible if their principal does not justly and faithfully account for and pay over to the United States all public moneys which may come into his hands or possession. Beyond doubt the amount went into his hands and possession as public money, and in the judgment of the court here, the ruling of the court below, that the sureties are liable for it, is correct. United States v. Powell, 14 Wall. 493, 502; United States v. Singer, 15 id. 111, 121.
When suit is brought in any case of delinquency of a revenue officer or other person accountable for public money, a transcript from the books and proceedings of the Treasury Department, certified by the register, and authenticated under the seal of the department, ... shall be submitted as evidence; and the court trying the cause shall be authorized to grant judgment and award execution accordingly. Rev. Stat., sect. 886; Bruce v. United States, 17 How. 439; Smith v. United States, 5 Pet. 292; Cox v. United States, 6 id. 172; Hoyt v. United States, 10 How. 109.
Treasury settlements of the kind are only prima facie evidence of the correctness of the balance certified; but it is as competent for the accounting officers to correct mistakes and to restate the balance as it is for a judge to change his decree during the term in which it was entered. United States v. Eckford, 1 id. 250. Errors of computation against the United States are no more vested rights in favor of sureties than in favor of the principal. All such mistakes in cases like the present may be corrected by a restatement of the account.
Sufficient appears to show that the principal defendant was appointed collector March 28, 1865, in the recess of the Senate, *12 to hold until the expiration of the then next session of Congress, and no longer. On the 25th of July following he was appointed to the same office by the President and was confirmed by the Senate. Due notice of his appointment was given, and he was furnished with a blank form of bond, which, on Nov. 2, 1866, he executed with sureties; but the bond being several and not joint and several, as it should be, he was officially requested to execute a new bond correcting that error. In pursuance of that request, on the 12th of January of the next year he executed the bond described in the complaint, and from the date of the first bond to the date of the second his accounts were settled by the treasury officers under the first bond. When the second bond was offered in evidence, the defendant objected to its admissibility; but the court overruled the objection, and instructed the jury that it was not extorted, which instruction constitutes the fourth exception.
Evidence to support the charge of duress is entirely wanting. Instead of that, the defendant testified that he did not remember that he made any objection to executing the bond, and supposed that he did it because the commissioner had given such directions.
Exception was also taken to the instruction of the court that the direction of the commissioner to execute a new bond must be considered as the direction of the secretary, which is so obviously correct as to require no argument in its support, as it is matter of common knowledge that the commissioner is a subordinate officer of the Treasury Department. Dugan v. United States, 3 Wheat. 172; United States v. Kirkpatrick, 9 id. 720; Hamilton v. Dillon, 21 Wall. 73.
Suffice it to say that in view of these suggestions it is clear that there is no error in the record.
Judgment affirmed.
|
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a glass flake based hybrid hermetic sealing system useful in solar cells based on silicon, organic systems, and thin layer solar cells as well as other electronic devices such as organic LEDs (OLED).
2. Description of Related Art
Conventional formation of hermetic seals of electronic devices such as thin layer solar cells or OLEDs involves the application of organic pastes or tapes at the edges of the device followed by a thermal, ultraviolet light or chemically induced curing cycles. The organic sealants are not truly hermetic and sometimes contain getters to mitigate their non-hermeticity. Truly hermetic seals can be made from glass based systems by printing and firing a paste composition including a glass frit and organic solvent/binder system. Drawbacks of such systems include the need to fire at extremely high temperatures, e.g., 800° C., and the problem of entrapment of organic residue and incomplete burnout of the binder system (such as ethyl cellulose) within the hermetic seal. Such entrapment causes undesired contamination of active layers sealed, such as solar cells or OLEDs, within the hermetic seal.
Accordingly, improvements in the art of hermetic sealing are required.
Hybrid inorganic platelet filler organic matrix systems have been utilized to produce improved gas barrier layers primarily in the food packaging industry. Examples include U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,528 in which the platelet filler is preferentially talc, U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,782 in which the platelet filler is mica and U.S. 2011/0081534 in which the platelet filler is glass flakes.
|
Q:
windows LAN using 2 switches performance
I am using my Windows Machine on a Local LAN with 2 switches. One 100Mb DLink connected to internet via WAN in the building. Recently I added another DLink fully automated 1Gb switch. All cable connections 6 machines run through than 1Gb DLink. Then one cable runs to 100Mb DLink and that runs to WAN. Is my local network operating at full 1Gb speed or maybe is all compromised to 100Mb due to older 100Mb DLink switch?
A:
Is my local network operating at full 1gb speed?
All six computers connected to the 1 Gbps switch will be able to communicate with each other at up to 1 Gbps.
This assumes they all have a Gigabit Ethernet adapter and that the wiring is all suited to gigabit networking.
Obviously the bandwidth is shared, so throughput will drop if there are multiple concurrent conversations.
|
A leading Orthodox rabbi has ruled that Jewish communities in Europe should embrace cremation if their governments require it — and consider it a posthumous “mitzvah,” or fulfillment of a commandment, on the part of the deceased.
As some countries halt burials for coronavirus victims or move towards doing so, out of fear that it increases coronavirus transmission, Kenneth Brander, the rosh yeshiva or dean of the Israeli Ohr Torah Stone network of institutions, said that any Jewish person who is cremated in this context should be seen as posthumously fighting against the virus that killed them.
“The highest honor that a person who isn’t alive can achieve is to help the living,” said Brander. While Judaism normally deems cremation a “desecration,” in the context of saving a life it would be seen as “a mitzvah that the deceased is doing posthumously.”
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Brander spoke with The Times of Israel soon after it emerged that a Jewish man, Ruben Bercovich, was cremated near Buenos Aires despite protests from his community.
Located in the West Bank city of Efrat, Ohr Torah Stone was established by Rabbi Shlomo Riskin in 1983. Today a network of 27 educational institutions headed by Brander, its seminary has ordained hundreds of rabbis who serve across the world.
Brander is responsible for sending guidelines for the coronavirus crisis to the 277 members of his network’s rabbinical emissaries program, most of whom are located in Europe.
He said that his comments on the “mitzvah” of cremation apply only in cases where governments decide that cremations are necessary for public health and implement the policy across the board. This would therefore not apply in Britain or Italy, which have so far made an exemption for faith communities.
Brander said that in the case of cremation during the coronavirus crisis, normal funerary prayers should still be recited, and the deceased would still be mourned with the seven-day shiva period and the traditional mourners’ prayer, the Kaddish — within the confines of restrictions on gatherings.
Brander reported that tahara, the ritual bathing and preparation for burial, has already stopped in much of of the Jewish world for deceased who were infected with the coronavirus. The infectious virus lives on in an infected carrier’s blood and bodily fluids postmortem.
In Milan, the Jewish community’s Rabbi Alfonso Arbib halted the practice of tahara. “It’s not safe,” Arbib told JTA, “and preserving life is the most important thing right now.”
In Italy, Jewish burial is still permitted, but the community is aware that this may soon change. “So far, we’ve been able to prevent this because burials are still allowed under certain conditions, but it is a concern that this would no longer be possible if the death toll keeps climbing,” Arbib said.
Brander reported that burial societies or hevra kadishas in Europe that continue with the ritual practice of tahara are already handling all bodies with special protection, including face masks and gloves. They are working in smaller groups than normal and adding disinfectant to the water for washing bodies.
Brander said there is a chance that in some places Jewish burial societies will also stop preparing for burial the bodies of those uninfected by COVID-19 as the crisis worsens.
Brander explained that the Jewish prohibition of cremation stems from the Hebrew Bible. “The Torah, in Deuteronomy, talks about the need to bury people immediately — even people who have been hanged for an offense,” he said.
As decreed by rabbis during and after the Holocaust, cremation is not considered a transgression of Jewish law on the part of the deceased if the deceased did not give consent.
“Jewish custom for generations has been to bury the dead respectfully and not cremate, but as there are concerns about contagiousness, we’re trying to guide our rabbis on what to do. Until now our rabbis have been able to bury the dead but realize this may change due to the intensity of coronavirus deaths,” Brander said.
The end to ritual Jewish burial will be sad, said Brander, but should be embraced by Jewish communities if need be. “Taharas are important as they represent tradition, but Jewish law says the ultimate concern is to take care of the living, and this will guide us,” he said.
As Brander briefs his rabbis in Europe, America’s National Association for Hevra Kadishas released guidelines to burial societies in the US. Elchonon Zohn, the association’s founder, wrote to members that the guidelines were “very difficult for me to recommend and distribute” and that it is “appropriate to feel pained that we are abbreviating procedures.”
Instructions included washing of bodies “be expedited even if it will be more perfunctory.” Burial society members are told to minimize the time spent with a body.
Zohn stated that in many ways the new rules “contradict what I have taught for many years.” Yet, “Torah requires that we react to special times with special rules.”
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Mucin- and carbohydrate-stimulated adhesion and subproteome changes of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM.
Adhesion to intestinal mucosa is a crucial property for probiotic bacteria. Adhesion is thought to increase host-bacterial interactions, thus potentially enabling health benefits to the host. Molecular events connected with adhesion and surface proteome changes were investigated for the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM cultured with established or emerging prebiotic carbohydrates as carbon source and in the presence of mucin, the glycoprotein of the epithelial mucus layer. Variation in adhesion to HT29-cells and mucin was associated with carbon source and mucin-induced subproteome abundancy differences. Specifically, while growth on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) only stimulated adhesion to intestinal HT-29 cells, cellobiose and polydextrose in addition increased adhesion to mucin. Adhesion to HT-29 cells increased by about 2-fold for bacteria grown on mucin-supplemented glucose. Comparative 2DE-MS surface proteome analysis showed different proteins in energy metabolism appearing on the surface, suggesting they exert moonlighting functions. Mucin-supplemented bacteria had relative abundance of pyruvate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase increased by about 2-fold while six spots with 3.2-2.1 fold reduced relative abundance comprised elongation factor G, phosphoglycerate kinase, BipAEFTU family GTP-binding protein, ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, 30S ribosomal protein S1, and manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase. Surface proteome of cellobiose- compared to glucose-grown L. acidophilus NCFM had phosphate starvation inducible protein stress-related, thermostable pullulanase, and elongation factor G increasing 4.4-2.4 fold, while GAPDH, elongation factor Ts, and pyruvate kinase were reduced by 2.0-1.5 fold in relative abundance. Addition of recombinant L. acidophilus NCFM elongation factor G and pyruvate kinase to a coated mucin layer significantly suppressed subsequent adhesion of the bacterium. Human diet is important for intestinal health and food components, especially non-digestible carbohydrates can beneficially modify the microbiota. In the present study, effects of emerging and established prebiotic carbohydrates on the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM were investigated by testing adhesion to a mucin layer and intestinal cells, and comparing this with changes in abundancy of surface proteins thought to be important for host interactions. Increased adhesion was observed following culturing of the bacterium with fructooligosaccharides, cellobiose or polydextrose, as well as mucin-supplemented glucose as carbon source. Enhanced adhesion ability can prolong bacterial residence in GIT yielding positive health effects. Higher relative abundance of certain surface proteins under various conditions (i.e. grown on cellobiose or mucin-supplemented glucose) suggested involvement of these proteins in adhesion, as confirmed by competition in case of two recombinantly produced moonlighting proteins. Combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM with different carbohydrates revealed potential bacterial determinants of synbiotic interactions, including stimulation of adhesion.
|
Effectiveness of a first aid information video in reducing epilepsy-related stigma.
The effectiveness of a knowledge-based intervention in increasing levels of knowledge about epilepsy and reducing negative stereotypes toward people with epilepsy was examined. University psychology students (N=131) completed measures of knowledge of and familiarity with epilepsy and attitudes toward people with epilepsy before and after watching a first aid educational video. Results showed that the video was effective in both enhancing the level of knowledge of epilepsy and improving attitudes toward epilepsy. The video was rated highly on measures of acceptability. This study illustrates the effectiveness of using a simple, cost-effective educational intervention, with specific knowledge-based information incorporating the viewer's emotional involvement, to improve knowledge and reduce stigma regarding epilepsy in a targeted influential group. Presenting this first aid educational video to the public, specifically those who are most likely to encounter someone with epilepsy (e.g., teachers, future health professionals), may be particularly fruitful.
|
Q:
Using conan to package multiple configurations of preexisting binaries
I have a set of third-party binaries that I am trying to put into a conan package. The binaries are in folders for the build configuration: Linux32, Win32, Win64, Win32.
I have been able to produce a conan package for the Win64 configuration using the following conanfile.py:
from conans import ConanFile
class LibNameConan(ConanFile):
name = "LibName"
version = "1.1.1"
settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
description = "Package for LibName"
url = "None"
license = "None"
def package(self):
self.copy("*", dst="lib", src="lib")
self.copy("*.c", dst="include", src="include", keep_path=False)
def package_info(self):
self.cpp_info.libs = self.collect_libs()
I run the following commands in powershell:
conan install
mkdir pkg
cd pkg
conan package .. --build_folder=../
cd ..
conan export name/testing
conan package_files libname/1.1.1@name/testing
For the Win64 this works as expected. When I repeat the steps with Win32 binaries I do not get a different hash for the package.
I have tried running:
conan install -s arch=x86
However, this still results in the package having the same hash as the x86_64 configuration.
How is the configuration supposed to be set for generating a package from preexisting binaries?
A:
If you are just packaging pre-built binaries, you are fine without the package() method, that is only relevant when building from the recipe:
from conans import ConanFile
class LibNameConan(ConanFile):
name = "LibName"
version = "1.1.1"
settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"
description = "Package for LibName"
url = "None"
license = "None"
def package_info(self):
self.cpp_info.libs = self.collect_libs()
Unless there is some important reason you want to package the sources too, do you want them to be able to debug your dependencies too? In that case, please condition it to the build_type.
However this could be mostly irrelevant for your question. As your package doesn't have dependencies and you are not using any generator either, you don't need a conan install, and the settings you use there, have no effect.
You have to specify the settings for your binary configuration when you package_files:
$ conan package_files libname/1.1.1@name/testing # using your default config
$ conan package_files libname/1.1.1@name/testing -s arch=x86 # 32 bits instead of 64
...
Probably the recommended way is to use profiles:
$ conan package_files libname/1.1.1@name/testing # using your default profile
$ conan package_files libname/1.1.1@name/testing -pr=myprofile2
The documentation got recently a re-write, you might want to check: https://docs.conan.io/en/latest/creating_packages/existing_binaries.html
|
Step 12: Finish
This instructable shows how to make a vise-grip slide hammer. The slide hammer can be used for about anything that you can think of. If you can clamp it with the vise-grips, you will be able to pull what is stuck free.
<p>Great I'ble -- the amount of uses for a slide hammer are surprisingly high!!</p>
<p>Nice. For anyone wondering if you really need a slide hammer, it's the difference between tearing your hair out for an hour and being done in ten seconds. This is a cool addition.</p>
Really cool!
Dad used this method, except with a threaded hole drilled into the center of a main bearing pin on a printing press. As far as I know, there would otherwise be no way to dig that pin out of its channel, being completely flush with the shaft that it engaged. Non-spooky action at a distance! <br> <br>Mike
now if I just had the tools to make this one...
Cool idea but what would you use this for?
umm dent puller <br>
Very good idea. Now off to the work shop to gather up the materials.
I made something like this a good few years ago and it is a truly 'must have' tool. Thank you very much for having the energy to bring the idea to a wider public :-) <br> <br>I wish you well, <br>Steve.
Excellent idea!
Great hack on traditional tool. We used to use these to clean die casting from injection molding machines. A screw in the vise grips and ya have a dent remover . Well done!!
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a novel polymer compound that can be used as a component of a positive resist composition, a positive resist composition that includes the polymer compound, and a method of forming a resist pattern that uses the positive resist composition.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-229445, filed Sep. 4, 2007, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of Related Art
In lithography techniques, for example, a resist film composed of a resist material is formed on a substrate, and the resist film is subjected to selective exposure of radial rays such as light or electron beam through a mask having a predetermined pattern, followed by development, thereby forming a resist pattern having a predetermined shape on the resist film.
A resist material in which the exposed portions become soluble in a developing solution is called a positive-type, and a resist material in which the exposed portions become insoluble in a developing solution is called a negative-type.
In recent years, in the production of semiconductor elements and liquid crystal display elements, advances in lithography techniques have lead to rapid progress in the field of pattern miniaturization.
Typically, these miniaturization techniques involve shortening the wavelength of the exposure light source. Conventionally, ultraviolet radiation typified by g-line and i-line radiation has been used, but nowadays KrF excimer lasers and ArF excimer lasers are starting to be introduced in mass production. Furthermore, research is also being conducted into lithography techniques that use an exposure light source having a wavelength shorter than these excimer lasers, such as F2 excimer lasers, electron beam, extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV), and X ray.
Resist materials for use with these types of exposure light sources require lithography properties such as a high resolution capable of reproducing patterns of minute dimensions, and a high level of sensitivity to these types of exposure light sources.
As a resist material that satisfies these conditions, a chemically amplified composition is used, which includes a base material component that exhibits a changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and an acid generator that generates acid upon exposure.
For example, as a positive chemically amplified resist composition, a composition containing a resin component (a base resin) that exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and an acid generator component is commonly used. If the resist film formed using the resist composition is selectively exposed during formation of a resist pattern, then within the exposed portions, acid is generated from the acid generator, and the action of this acid causes an increase in the solubility of the resin component in an alkali developing solution, making the exposed portions soluble in the alkali developing solution.
Resins that contain structural units derived from (meth)acrylate esters within the main chain (acrylic resins) are now widely used as base resins for resists that use ArF excimer laser lithography, as they exhibit excellent transparency in the vicinity of 193 nm (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2003-241385).
Here, the term “(meth)acrylic acid” is a generic term that includes either or both of acrylic acid having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and methacrylic acid having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. The term “(meth)acrylate ester” is a generic term that includes either or both of the acrylate ester having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and the methacrylate ester having a methyl group bonded to the α-position. The term “(meth)acrylate” is a generic term that includes either or both of the acrylate having a hydrogen atom bonded to the α-position and the methacrylate having a methyl group bonded to the α-position.
|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to data processing systems and more specifically to a processor within a data processing system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The performance characteristics of any data processing system, such as that described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,614,740, 3,614,741 and 3,710,324, all of which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are hereby incorporated herein by reference, are primarily determined by the speed with which the processor fetches, interprets and executes instructions. In a system in which the operation of the processor is controlled by a control store which stores numerous microprogrammed addressable instructions with which the processor fetches, interprets and executes general instructions received from external devices; the speed with which these programmed addressable instructions are interpreted and executed by the various parts of the processor is an important factor in determining the performance characteristics of the machine.
Typically, to obtain the fastest speed possible, these instructions are directly executed; that is, the information contained in each instruction is coupled throughout the processor so that affected portions of the processor can directly execute the instruction in the least amount of time. This method of execution of the instructions is obviously very expensive in terms of the space required to couple the various bits of information contained in the instruction throughout the processor and also in terms of the logic circuitry used throughout the processor to interpret the instruction and control the processor accordingly. As the processor becomes more complicated the size of the programmed instructions will increase significantly, increasing the cost of the control store which stores these instructions, the amount of space consumed by additional conductors required to transfer the instruction throughout the processor and the amount of logic circuitry needed to interpret and execute the instruction.
Other processors which sacrifice performance for cost will utilize highly encoded instructions which will reduce the size or length of the instruction. This, of course, eliminates some of the conductors required to transfer the instruction throughout the processor and may reduce the amount of logic circuitry disposed throughout the processor for interpreting and executing the processor instructions. However, the performance characteristics of a processor utilizing this technique must suffer because of the extra time required for the additional decoding of each instruction.
|
Tag: Transparency
Media Statement by Dr. Ong Kian Ming, MP for Serdang, on the 13th of November, 2014
According to the latest Auditor General Report 2014, Series 3, a little known Ministry of Finance owned company – Pembinaan PFI Sdn Bhd – had racked up liabilities of RM27.8 billion as of 2012 making it, then, the company with the 3rd largest liability among all government owned companies after Petronas and Khazanah (See Figure 1 below).1
Figure 1: Top Three Government Owned Companies with the largest liabilities as of 2012
Media Statement by Dr. Ong Kian Ming, MP for Serdang, on the 19th of June, 2014
On Tuesday, 17th of June, 2014, a briefing was held for the media at the Integrity Institute of Malaysia on the latest release of the National Auditor’s Report. This meeting was organized by the office of Senator Datuk Paul Low, Minister in charge of anti-corruption initiatives and attended by all the Secretary-Generals of all the Ministries including the Chief Secretary, Tan Sri Ali Hamsa.
Before the start of this briefing, the Minister asked all who were not civil servants or members of the media to leave the briefing room. He specifically asked for MPs to leave the room. The MP for Bayan Baru, Sim Tze Sim and the MP for Kuala Terengganu, Dato’ Raja Kamarul Bahrin Shah bin Raja Ahmad, who identified themselves as MPs were then asked to leave the briefing room. I did not identify myself as an MP and hence, was not asked to leave the room. I stayed on for the entire briefing.
|
<!-- START doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
<!-- DON'T EDIT THIS SECTION, INSTEAD RE-RUN doctoc TO UPDATE -->
## Table of Contents
- [Test antipatterns](#test-antipatterns)
- [Testing implementation](#testing-implementation)
- [Testing configuration](#testing-configuration)
- [Testing multiple things](#testing-multiple-things)
- [Repeating integration tests for minor variations](#repeating-integration-tests-for-minor-variations)
- [Over-reliance on centralized fixtures](#over-reliance-on-centralized-fixtures)
- [Over-reliance on replaying external requests](#over-reliance-on-replaying-external-requests)
- [Inefficient query testing](#inefficient-query-testing)
- [Assertions in loop](#assertions-in-loop)
- [Inverted testing pyramid](#inverted-testing-pyramid)
<!-- END doctoc generated TOC please keep comment here to allow auto update -->
# Test antipatterns
## Testing implementation
TODO
## Testing configuration
TODO
## Testing multiple things
TODO
## Repeating integration tests for minor variations
TODO
## Over-reliance on centralized fixtures
Bad:
```python
# fixtures.py
toaster = Toaster(color='black')
toaster_with_color_blue = Toaster(color='blue')
toaster_with_color_red = Toaster(color='red')
# test.py
from fixtures import toaster, toaster_with_color_blue
def test_stuff():
toaster_with_color_blue.toast('brioche')
```
The problem with centralized fixtures is that they tend to grow exponentially.
Every single test case will have some specific fixtures requirements, and every
single permutation will have its own fixture. This will make the fixture file
really difficult to maintain.
The other problem is that it will become very easy for two unrelated tests to
use the same fixture. Now let's say one of those test's requirement changes,
and you have to change the fixture as well. In that case, you might break the
other test, which will slow you down and defeats the purpose of keeping test an
efficient part of the developer flow.
Lastly, this separate the setup and running part of the tests. It makes it more
difficult for a new engineer to understand what is specific about this test's
setup without having to open the `fixtures` file.
Here's a more explicit way to do this. Most fixtures libraries allow you to
override default parameters, so that you can make clear what setup is specific
to each test.
```python
def test_stuff():
toaster_with_color_blue = Toaster(color='blue')
toaster_with_color_blue.toast('brioche')
```
## Over-reliance on replaying external requests
TODO
## Inefficient query testing
Bad:
```python
def test_find():
install_fixture('toaster_1') # color is red
install_fixture('toaster_2') # color is blue
install_fixture('toaster_3') # color is blue
install_fixture('toaster_4') # color is green
results = find(color='blue')
assert len(results) == 2
for r in results:
assert r.color == 'blue'
```
This is inefficient because we're installing four fixtures, even though we
could probably get away with only one. In most cases this would achieve the
same thing at a much lower cost:
```python
def test_find():
install_fixture('toaster_2') # color is blue
results = find(color='blue')
# Note the implicit assertion that the list is not empty because we're
# accessing its first item.
assert results[0].color == 'blue'
```
The general rule here is that tests should require the minimum amount of code
to verify the behavior.
One would also recommend to not do this kind of integration testing for queries
going to the database, but sometimes it's a good tradeoff.
## Assertions in loop
Bad:
```python
def test_find():
results = find(color='blue')
for r in results:
assert r.color == 'blue'
```
This is bad because in most languages, if the list is empty then the test will
pass, which is probably not what we want to test.
Good:
```python
def test_find():
results = find(color='blue')
assert len(results) == 5
for r in results:
assert r.color == 'blue'
```
This is also a matter of tradeoff, but in most cases I'd try to make sure the
list contains only one item. If we're checking more than one item, that hints
at our test trying to do too many things.
## Inverted testing pyramid
_The [test pyramid](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html). Image courtesy of Martin Fowler._
Building lots of automated comprehensive end-to-end tests was tried multiple time, and almost never worked.
- End to end tests try to do too many things, are highly indeterministic and as a result very flakey.
- Debugging end to end tests failure is painful and slow - this is usually where most of the time is wasted.
- Building and maintaining e2e tests is very costly.
- The time to run e2e tests is much much longer than unit tests.
Focused testing (e.g. unit, component, etc) prior to roll out, and business monitoring with alerting are much more efficient.
More reading on this topic:
- [End-To-End Testing Considered Harmful](http://www.alwaysagileconsulting.com/articles/end-to-end-testing-considered-harmful/), Always Agile Consulting
- [Just Say No to More End-to-End Tests](https://testing.googleblog.com/2015/04/just-say-no-to-more-end-to-end-tests.html), Google Testing Blog
- [Testing Strategies in a Microservice Architecture](https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservice-testing/#testing-end-to-end-tips), section titled "Writing and maintaining end-to-end tests can be very difficult", Toby Clemson, MartinFowler.com
- [Introducing the software testing ice-cream cone (anti-pattern)](https://watirmelon.blog/2012/01/31/introducing-the-software-testing-ice-cream-cone/), Alister Scott
- [TestPyramid](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html), Martin Fowler
- [professional-programming's testing section](https://github.com/charlax/professional-programming#testing)
|
Guido Buffarini Guidi
Guido Buffarini Guidi (17 August 1895 – 10 July 1945) was an Italian army officer and politician, executed in 1945.
Buffarini Guidi was born in Pisa.
When Italy entered World War I, he volunteered in an artillery regiment. He was promoted to rank of captain in 1917, and remained on active duty in the Italian Army until 1923 – in the meantime, he earned his bachelor's degree in law from the University of Pisa in March 1920.
After leaving the army, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, he became active in Fascist circles, and joined the National Fascist Party (PNF). A mayor of Pisa in April 1923, Buffarini Guidi headed the local Party hierarchy from 1924 (his notoriety being increased by his career as a lawyer). He rose to become honorary Consul of the MVSN Blackshirts - the voluntary militia after the March on Rome.
In May 1933 he was appointed to be Undersecretary Minister of Interior, and forged an alliance with Galeazzo Ciano - opposing the Party bureaucracy, creating several secret services, and attempting to lessen the effects of Antisemitic legislation passed by the regime. Nevertheless, (and unlike Ciano), on 25 July 1943, Buffarini Guidi voted in favor of Benito Mussolini during Dino Grandi's attempt to have the latter deposed and get Italy to sign a peace with the Allies. As reward, after Nazi Germany intervened and rescued Mussolini in September, Guido Buffarini Guidi was appointed Minister of the Interior of the new Italian Social Republic (established by Nazis in Northern Italy). Seen as extremely avaricious, he was distrusted even by most of his cabinet colleagues.
Near the end of the Republic's life, in February 1945, Mussolini dismissed Buffarini Guidi from office. After a failed attempt to escape to Switzerland, the latter was arrested by the partisans on 26 April. He was sentenced to death by an Extraordinary Court of Justice in Milan who found him guilty of war crimes, and was shot on 10 July, having tried (like French collaborator Pierre Laval) and failed to commit suicide while in captivity.
Whilst in prison, Guidi offered to reveal to the Allies compromising letters exchanged between Churchill and Mussolini during the war in exchange for his release. He was unsuccessful but coincidentally, sharing the same cell with Guidi was the industrialist Guido Donegani.
Appearances in film
In the film Massacre in Rome, Guido Guidi is portrayed by the similarly named Italian actor Guidarino Guidi.
External links
at www.geocities.com
Category:1895 births
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# This file is distributed under the same license as the Django package.
#
# Translators:
# Jannis Leidel <[email protected]>, 2011
# Venelin Stoykov <[email protected]>, 2015-2016
msgid ""
msgstr ""
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"Last-Translator: Venelin Stoykov <[email protected]>\n"
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#, javascript-format
msgid "Available %s"
msgstr "Налични %s"
#, javascript-format
msgid ""
"This is the list of available %s. You may choose some by selecting them in "
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msgstr ""
"Това е списък на наличните %s . Можете да изберете някои, като ги изберете в "
"полето по-долу и след това кликнете върху \"Избор\" стрелка между двете "
"кутии."
#, javascript-format
msgid "Type into this box to filter down the list of available %s."
msgstr "Въведете в това поле, за да филтрирате списъка на наличните %s."
msgid "Filter"
msgstr "Филтър"
msgid "Choose all"
msgstr "Избери всички"
#, javascript-format
msgid "Click to choose all %s at once."
msgstr "Кликнете, за да изберете всички %s наведнъж."
msgid "Choose"
msgstr "Избирам"
msgid "Remove"
msgstr "Премахни"
#, javascript-format
msgid "Chosen %s"
msgstr "Избрахме %s"
#, javascript-format
msgid ""
"This is the list of chosen %s. You may remove some by selecting them in the "
"box below and then clicking the \"Remove\" arrow between the two boxes."
msgstr ""
"Това е списък на избрания %s. Можете да премахнете някои, като ги изберете в "
"полето по-долу и след това щракнете върху \"Премахни\" стрелка между двете "
"кутии."
msgid "Remove all"
msgstr "Премахване на всички"
#, javascript-format
msgid "Click to remove all chosen %s at once."
msgstr "Кликнете, за да премахнете всички избрани %s наведнъж."
msgid "%(sel)s of %(cnt)s selected"
msgid_plural "%(sel)s of %(cnt)s selected"
msgstr[0] "%(sel)s на %(cnt)s е избран"
msgstr[1] "%(sel)s на %(cnt)s са избрани"
msgid ""
"You have unsaved changes on individual editable fields. If you run an "
"action, your unsaved changes will be lost."
msgstr ""
"Имате незапазени промени по отделни полета за редактиране. Ако започнете "
"друго, незаписаните промени ще бъдат загубени."
msgid ""
"You have selected an action, but you haven't saved your changes to "
"individual fields yet. Please click OK to save. You'll need to re-run the "
"action."
msgstr ""
"Вие сте избрали действие, но не сте записали промените по полета. Моля, "
"кликнете ОК, за да се запишат. Трябва отново да започнете действие."
msgid ""
"You have selected an action, and you haven't made any changes on individual "
"fields. You're probably looking for the Go button rather than the Save "
"button."
msgstr ""
"Вие сте избрали дадена дейност, а не сте направили някакви промени по "
"полетата. Вероятно търсите Go бутон, а не бутона Save."
#, javascript-format
msgid "Note: You are %s hour ahead of server time."
msgid_plural "Note: You are %s hours ahead of server time."
msgstr[0] "Бележка: Вие сте %s час напред от времето на сървъра."
msgstr[1] "Бележка: Вие сте %s часа напред от времето на сървъра"
#, javascript-format
msgid "Note: You are %s hour behind server time."
msgid_plural "Note: You are %s hours behind server time."
msgstr[0] "Внимание: Вие сте %s час назад от времето на сървъра."
msgstr[1] "Внимание: Вие сте %s часа назад от времето на сървъра."
msgid "Now"
msgstr "Сега"
msgid "Choose a Time"
msgstr "Изберете време"
msgid "Choose a time"
msgstr "Избери време"
msgid "Midnight"
msgstr "Полунощ"
msgid "6 a.m."
msgstr "6 a.m."
msgid "Noon"
msgstr "По обяд"
msgid "6 p.m."
msgstr "6 след обяд"
msgid "Cancel"
msgstr "Отказ"
msgid "Today"
msgstr "Днес"
msgid "Choose a Date"
msgstr "Изберете дата"
msgid "Yesterday"
msgstr "Вчера"
msgid "Tomorrow"
msgstr "Утре"
msgid "January"
msgstr "Януари"
msgid "February"
msgstr "Февруари"
msgid "March"
msgstr "Март"
msgid "April"
msgstr "Април"
msgid "May"
msgstr "Май"
msgid "June"
msgstr "Юни"
msgid "July"
msgstr "Юли"
msgid "August"
msgstr "Август"
msgid "September"
msgstr "Септември"
msgid "October"
msgstr "Октомври"
msgid "November"
msgstr "Ноември"
msgid "December"
msgstr "Декември"
msgctxt "one letter Sunday"
msgid "S"
msgstr "Н"
msgctxt "one letter Monday"
msgid "M"
msgstr "П"
msgctxt "one letter Tuesday"
msgid "T"
msgstr "В"
msgctxt "one letter Wednesday"
msgid "W"
msgstr "С"
msgctxt "one letter Thursday"
msgid "T"
msgstr "Ч"
msgctxt "one letter Friday"
msgid "F"
msgstr "П"
msgctxt "one letter Saturday"
msgid "S"
msgstr "С"
msgid "Show"
msgstr "Покажи"
msgid "Hide"
msgstr "Скрий"
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Please note The Blackford Trust is now closed - this page is retained for purely historic interest
Scotland/China - historical timeline
Introduction
There are many modern connections between Scotland and China (see here), but equally you can find many links between the two countries in the past. Many Scots have lived and worked in China as government officials, soldiers, business people, missionaries, doctors, explorers and travellers since the early 19th century, and even earlier. Heritage has been one of our "charitable purposes", and both Scots and Chinese value the past and past connections. So we hope you might find the information in this section of the website interesting as background to the long (and generally friendly) association between the two countries. Students, teachers, business people and tourists may also find it useful as context for research and visits to China and Scotland.
It is important to remember, of course, that Scots who were involved with China as government officials or servicemen were doing so as representatives of the whole of the United Kingdom, not just Scotland ! Equally, in the past many businesspeople, missionaries and other independent visitors would probably have thought of themselves as British as well as Scottish.
This "timeline" is representative, not comprehensive, and it may be expanded in various ways occasionally, although the Trust itself is now dissolved as of 18 July 2016.
A useful one-volume review of the Scotland-China relationship is Dr Ian Wotherspoon's book, The Scots and China 1750-2000 (ISBN 9781481025508). In a review in the October 2013 issue of the magazine of the Scotland China Association, Sine, Dr Shenxiao Tong, East Asian Studies Librarian, University of Edinburgh, describes the book as "a scholarly work in every respect - an analytical, critical approach supported by well documented sources and a carefully selected bibliography".
Many of the books mentioned are included in the 'Scotland/China Collection' in the library of the Confucius Institute in Edinburgh.
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Date
Event or story
Around 1600
William Carmichael is believed to be the first Briton to visit Macau, in south China, while he was working for the Portuguese government in Asia. This is briefly described in the book Precious Cargo : Scots and the China trade (ISBN 978-0948636905).
1720-1721
Dr John Bell was in Beijing between December 1720 and March 1721, having travelled from St Petersburg in Russia overland to China - an epic journey ! Bell was a physician from Kirkintilloch, Stirlingshire, and one of his notable achievements was to bring rhubarb back to the UK, initially as a medicinal drug.
He later wrote a book describing his adventures, called Travels from St Petersburg to Diverse Parts of Asia, published in 1763. This is available full-text online in various formats, in two volumes - Volume One, and Volume Two. Volume Two includes most of his commentary on China (it also includes a translation of the journal of a Mr. De Lange, a Russian who lived in Beijing in 1721-1722). It is available as a modern reprint, Travels from St. Petersburg in Russia, to diverse parts of Asia (ISBN 978-1140773641).
Bell describes various audiences with Emperor Xuányè, including details of his clothes and palaces, as well as that of his various princes and officials, and seemingly innumerable diplomatic dinners – some things clearly never change ! He also explores the city of Beijing and the surrounding areas, and describes shops, money, a porcelain factory, an observatory and the Great Wall. In a general section about China, Bell also touches on tea, Chinese manners, religion, their apparent neglect of some newborn children, and language. It is notable that his listing of Chinese numbers sound very similar to Mandarin usage now.
The book's text is, admittedly, old-fashioned a little tricky to read (e.g. using old fashioned 'f' symbol instead of 's'), but it is worth persisting for some fascinating early insights.
From mid 1700s
From the early days of the East India Company, Scots merchants and adventurers were at the forefront of trade in the Far East, and heavily embroiled in the controversial tea and opium trades.
The book Precious Cargo: Scots and the China Trade (ISBN 978-0948636905) tells the story of early Scottish connections with China, notably in Hong Kong and Canton (now Guangzhou) in the 18th and 19th centuries. It also explains how goods from China such as porcelain, silk and furniture became a “must have” for the fashionable Victorian consumer, illustrated with objects taken from the National Museums Collections. Finally, it also describes how Chinese designs and styles began to be used by Scottish artists and manufacturers in the late 19th century. All in all, it is a good introduction to the Scotland/China relationship.
Tom Devine, Professor of Scottish History and Director of the new Scottish Centre for Diaspora Studies at the University of Edinburgh, gave a fascinating 45 minute lecture entitled 'An Empire of Commerce: Three Centuries of Scottish Enterprise in the East' in Hong Kong in June 2010. This is now available as a YouTube video here. He covers a lot of historical ground, elsewhere in Asia as well as China, but it is a good introduction to the importance of Scottish commercial links in the region.
Bogle worked for the East India Company under the patronage of Warren Hastings, and in 1774 was sent on a mission to reach Tibet through Bhutan. After many adventures, he finally met the Panchen Lama, then its effective ruler. According to his own journal and letters, Bogle and the Panchen became close friends and shared many discussions and socialising. Bogle himself never visited China, dying of cholera in India, but not before a Tibetan friend had reached Peking and opened the first channels of diplomatic communication between the Chinese Empire and Britain. This later led to Lord Macartney's first abortive mission in 1793 (note that despite his name, Lord Macartney was not Scottish but Irish).
1807
Robert Morrison arrives in Canton (now Guangzhou) and becomes the first Protestant missionary in China. He is also remembered for the first translation of the bible into Chinese - the image above shows him working with his Chinese assistants. This is a painting made c. 1826 by the famous British artist George Chinnery, who knew Morrison in China.
Liang Fa is ordained by William Morrison (see above), and baptized by William Milne (the second Protestant missionary in China), thus becoming the first Chinese Protestant minister.
1832
The Scots trading firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co. was founded at Canton (now Guangzhou), by William Jardine, from Dumfriesshire (below left) and James Matheson from Sutherland (below right).
They were involved in the notorious opium trade with China. The firm's fortunes have been synonymous with the development of Hong Kong and foreign business in mainland China.
'The Western factories at Canton', by an unknown Chinese artist, c. 1807
Now simply known as Jardines, it is still in existence as a major Hong Kong conglomerate with interests including retail, property, shipping, hotels and engineering. The official company history is online in summary here, and the Wiki page about the company and its founders is here.
There is an official company history book, The Thistle and The Jade: A Celebration of 175 Years of Jardine, Matheson & Co. (ISBN 978-0711228306), published in 2008 to commemorate the company's 175th anniversary.
This lavish work, drawing largely from the company's extensive archive now held at Cambridge University, and also including contributions from many leading historians, tells the story of the growth of the firm from its early days in Canton to modern times. Note - there is also an earlier edition of the same work, published in 1982 for the firm's 150th anniversary. The 2008 edition has additional material.
The book tells, in fact, much more than just the story of Jardines, and is an excellent introduction to the ups and downs of the British relationship with China. It is a fascinating mixture of scholarship and anecdote that tells an exciting and occasionally controversial tale of “merchant adventure”, of how influence and wealth were accumulated in the early days of trading, of the special relationship forged by Jardines with China and her people, and indeed of how Scottish business became pre-eminent in the Far East.
Former naval officer and Scottish aristocrat, William John Napier, 9th Lord Napier of Merchiston, sent to China as Superintendent of Trade. The British government wanted him to seek a settlement between British traders and the Chinese authorities at Canton (now Guangzhou), against the background of the controversial opium trade. He spent several tedious months trying to negotiate new trading terms, hampered by no Far East experience, language difficulties, aggressive British merchants, and local mandarins who were highly suspicious of him and called him “Barbarian Eye”. His mission was ultimately unsuccessful, not least at a personal level as he caught a fever and died in Macau. But he did draw attention to the barren island of Hong Kong, guarding one of the finest natural harbours in the world.
There is a biography of Napier, Barbarian Eye: Lord Napier in China, 1834 - The Prelude to Hong Kong
(ISBN 1857531167). The book is based on Napier's letters and journals, “recently...rediscovered and returned to his family”, and quoted extensively by the author who is related to the modern Napier family. Though largely biographical in character, the book also gives an insight into the story of earlier Western contacts with China, and sets some of the British political and foreign policy context. The book does suffer, however, from a lack of footnotes, perhaps surprising given it is clearly based on unique private papers – this makes further research difficult. Nevertheless, Barbarian Eye does provide a useful primer to the commercial and military background to the Opium Wars and Hong Kong's seizure by the British in 1841.
1835
Andrew Melrose brings what is said to be the first direct, legal import of tea from China to Scotland, independently of the East India Company, into Leith Harbour, Edinburgh. Melrose's tea, in its characteristic red box, became a very popular brand which still exists today, in its the red boxes.
Correspondence between Andrew Melrose and his son William, in China 1848-1853, can be found in William Melrose in China, 1845-1855: The letters of a Scottish tea merchant (ISBN 978-0950026060), published in 1973 by the Scottish History Society and occasionally available second-hand. This book gives an interesting insight into the daily life of a foreign trader in Canton (now Guangzhou) at this early period of the China trade.
This volume reproduces several hundred letters from William Melrose to his father and other correspondents between 1845 and 1855. This archive sheds new light on the import, sale and distribution of tea at this period. It touches on how the main focus for British business in China began to move from Canton to Shanghai in the early and mid 1850s, and also on the 1853 Taiping rebellion and its effect on trade. And back home, the development of the Scottish and British markets for tea can be traced. Finally, William Melrose has some critical things to say about speculators that resonate today !
As well as their business dealings, the letters also give a well-rounded picture of the social life and other day-to-day activities of a young Scottish merchant in China. Many other Scots living in Canton and Hong Kong are mentioned, and the vagaries of the mails, the weather and the problems of shipping are all covered in considerable detail. Mails, for example, were a key factor, with a letter to the UK and its reply taking around four months. This placed a considerable responsibility on the shoulders of William Melrose to use his judgement on the spot rather than being directed, in detail, by his investors at home. He was pretty successful, too, in what could be a difficult trade, with the Melroses and their partners making around £30,000 of profit on turnover of £194,000 between 1848-1854.
One Scottish regiment, the 26th Regiment of Foot (later The Cameronians) was part of the British Army force involved in the "First Opium War" between Britain and China. Between 1840 and 1842, they were involved in actions at Chusan (now Zhoushan) and Ningbo in Zhejiang ; Canton (now Guangzhou), Whampoa and Cheumpee in Guangdong ; Amoy (now Xiamen) in Fujian ; Shanghai ; and Chin-kiang (now Zhenjiang) and Nanjing in Jiangsu. They suffered over 700 casualties, mainly due to disease.
This is a controversial and complex period of history, which can still arouse strong emotions, and various accounts are available on the web and in books. For example,
here is a classic British-centric military account, with a good bibliography. The
Wikipedia page can be used, but with care.
Robert Fortune (1813-1880) was born in Kelloe, Berwickshire, and in 1842 was sent to China by the Royal Horticultural Society to collect plants – this is the story of his journey. He is probably best known for introducing Chinese tea plants to the Darjeeling region of India. Most of the initial batch of plants died, but a second expedition was successful, and the knowledge gained was instrumental in the later development of the Indian tea industry.
He wrote a book of his journeys, available as a modern reprint Three Years' Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of China (ISBN 978-1115174305) and also full text online. This travelogue covers his journeys in 1843-1845 to Hong Kong, Amoy (now Xiamen), Formosa (now Taiwan), Ningpo (now Ningbo), Shanghai, Canton (now Guangzhou), and Foochow (now Fuzhou), amongst other areas. He also devotes several chapters to a description of Chinese tea plants and the growing and manufacture of tea, as well as related geographic and economic topics such as climate, agriculture, silk and cotton.
He was one of the first foreigners to visit Shanghai after it was opened to trade in 1843, and his comments are often quoted - "Shanghai is by far the most important station for foreign trade on the coast of China...no other town with which I am acquainted possesses such advantages ; it is the great gate to the Chinese empire". Fortune predicts it will become more important than Canton, which it soon did. No doubt he would have been fascinated to visit the 2010 Shanghai Expo !
The author also argues that “tea exemplifies the grand theory of empire ; it could create a new class of consumers for British products while simultaneously expanding access to foreign products for Britons”. Equally, she identifies how it led to developments in shipping techniques ; changes in manufacturing, for example of porcelain ; and improvements in public health in Britain due to the growth of tea drinking.
In terms of Fortune himself, the book adds a little detail, but suffers from the complete lack of any private papers. What archives might have existed were burnt by his wife after his death, for reasons that remain unclear. Nevertheless, For all the tea in China is an enjoyable and easy read about a fascinating Scottish connection with the country.
1843-1873
James Legge (1815-1897), missionary and the first translator of the works of Confucius and many other classic Chinese texts into English, lived in Hong Kong. His work has been described by his modern biographer as "the greatest single achievement of Western Sinological scholarship in the nineteenth century". Another writer makes the ambitious claim that Legge was "perhaps the most important intellectual, among both foreigners and Chinese, in 19th century Hong Kong".
A new biography was published in 2017, James Legge and the Chinese Classics: A brilliant Scot in the turmoil of colonial Hong Kong by Marilyn Bowman (hardback ISBN 978-1460288825). There is a positive review of this here, by Norman Girardot. He notes that "Bowman, as an academic clinical psychologist with a special interest the human response to existential challenges and Asia, gives us a vastly expanded, meticulously researched, and insightful portrait of Legge’s personal and intellectual development – particularly with regard to his Scottish religious and intellectual heritage and his intimate involvement with colonial Hong Kong’s missionary, educational, cultural, and political history".
See also below for Legge's connection with Wang Tao.
1846-1877
Scottish missionary Alexander Wylie worked in China, and was known for his translation work and scholarship during the late Qing Dynasty. His publications included Chinese researches by Alexander Wylie, published in 1897 and available online here.
For a recent academic article on Wylie's life, see 'The Scottish Shanghailander - Alexander Wylie (1815-1887) : Missionary, Man of Letters, Mathematician', by Professor Ian Gow, published in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China, Vol 72 no 2, April 2013, pages 77-102. Copies are available on request from Prof Gow by email.
1850-1857
Huang Kuan (sometimes known as Wong Foon) studied at the University of Edinburgh, becoming the first Chinese to enter higher education in Europe. He began by studying literature, but quickly changed to medicine, and graduated with a doctorate in 1857.
Returning to China, Dr Huang worked at the Canton Medical School and began to carry out new types of surgery.
By 1867 Dr Huang was deputy chief of Boji Hospital, and in 1875 he became joint Chairman of the West-South Medical Bureau. He died in 1878.
A statue of the young Huang now stands in the grounds of the Confucius Institute in Edinburgh.
1850s onwards
Scottish shipyards on the Clyde (and in Aberdeen and other ports) produced many of the "tea clippers", including Cutty Sark, launched in 1869, and later steamships for the China trade. A good recent reference on this most famous such vessel is Cutty Sark : The Last of the Tea Clippers. Another excellent book is Basil Lubbock's classic work, The China Clippers, first published in 1914 and still in print - according to an appendix in this book, at least 50 of the 84 clippers listed were built in Scotland.
1860-late 19th century
Sir Halliday Macartney was born in Galloway and was originally a medical officer in the British Army, but during service in China at the time of the Taiping Rebellion in the 1860s, decided to make his life there. He married a Chinese woman – the widow of Lar Wang, one of the leaders of the rebellion - and lived in Nanjing, where he established the first arsenal in China and was its governor for ten years. Macartney returned to Britain in 1876 and became Secretary to the Chinese Legation (embassy) in London, where he served for some 25 years. He was closely involved in the negotiations to free Sun Yat Sen when he was kidnapped by the Legation (see entry for James Cantlie below).
His biography, The life of Sir Halliday Macartney, was published in 1908 and is available free online
here. There is an obituary to Macartney in the British Medical Journal in 1906. This notes, “probably none of the British officials who have served the Chinese Government had more influence that the ex-army doctor who combined the native shrewdness of the Scot with the acquired talent for negotiation of the Chinese”.
Sir Halliday was also related to Lord Macartney, who led the first British diplomatic mission to China in 1793.
See also the entry for his son, George Macartney, below.
1862
The steamship Scotland, owned by Lindsay and Co., was the first ocean going merchant ship to reach the city of Hankow (now part of Wuhan), 600 miles upstream from the coast on the Yangtze River.
At this stage, however, we are not yet sure if Lindsay is a Scottish company (although the name implies it may be), or that the ship was built in Scotland (although it is very likely, given the prominence of Scottish shipbuilding at the time) - but the name is encouraging !
1865
The banking firm now known as HSBC was founded by Scot Thomas Sutherland as the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He was then working for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, and realised that there was considerable demand for local banking facilities in Hong Kong and on the China coast. He helped to establish the bank which opened in Hong Kong in March 1865 and in Shanghai a month later.
The HSBC building in Hong Kong, early 1920s - details of the history of the bank's buildings in Hong Kong can be found here
The HSBC building on the Bund, Shanghai, nearing completion, c. 1925 - it is now used by the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank - details of the building's history can be found here
A much larger, four volume history entitled The History of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, by Frank H.H. King, was published by Cambridge University Press between 1987 and 1991. Second-hand copies are sometimes available. The volumes are :
James Watson worked for the Chinese Maritime Customs medical service in Newchwang (now Yingkou), and as the first Western doctor to practice in northwestern China. There is an article on his life here.
1867-1870
Wang Tao, a noted Chinese writer and translator, lived in Scotland with James Legge (see above), with whom he had worked in Hong Kong. Wang Tao travelled widely, including to Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Huntly, Dundee and Glasgow, and wrote Jottings from Carefree Travels about his experiences. There is a modern biography in English, Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China (East Asian) (ISBN 978-0674068759), which is sometimes available second-hand.
1868-1872
John Thomson from Edinburgh was the first significant social photographer to work in China - see this Wiki page. He travelled widely in Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong, Fujian, Shanghai and Beijing, and up the Yangtze, and according to one commentator, he is "regarded as the most eminent photographer to have visited China in the 19th century". He took photos of all aspects of Chinese life, and his views of ordinary people demonstrate that his sympathies appeared to lie with the deprived and humble.
A travelling fruit seller, Beijing,c. 1871
Thomson with two Manchu soldiers, Xiamen, c. 1871
A Manchu bride, Beijing, c. 1871-72
He produced four books about China. The first was Views of the North River, published in Hong Kong in 1870 - this is very rare. The second was his four-volume Illustrations of China and its people, published in London in 1873 for £12 - equivalent to probably about £1,000 now ! This can be found in some libraries.
A popular version was published in New York in 1876 - this is available as a modern reprint The land and the people of China (ISBN 9781110297887), as well as being found in libraries or second-hand. This was written not long after the massive disruption caused by the 1860 Taiping Rebellion, and reflects a certain amount of pessimism about the country's difficult situation. It is, to some extent, written in the style of a traditional geography textbook, with sections on physical features, history, population, cities, social conditions, art, religion, architecture, government, language, etc. Unlike his other books, however, this volume has very few photos – Through China with a camera has more. All in all, the book is a good snapshot of late Qing China.
The final book was published in London in 1898, and again is available as a modern reprint Through China with a Camera(ISBN 9781144007889), or via libraries or second-hand. This book has around 80 black and white photos from throughout China, from his visits to Hong Kong, Canton (now Guangzhou), Amoy (now Xiamen), Formosa (now Taiwan), Foochow (now Fuzhou), Ningpo (now Ningbo), Shanghai, the Yangtze River, Peking, and Tientsin (now Tianjin), amongst other places. Through China with a camera is more of a “rough guide”, with commentary, as he goes along, on a wide variety of topics. His photos also cover a wide range, including not just mandarins and temples, but gamblers, tea dealers, street industries, a knife grinder and even a travelling chiropodist.
His photos are now held at the Wellcome Library in London. There have been various recent exhibitions of his work - this site has information from one held at the National Library of Scotland ; and this article covers an event in London. A beautiful large format book of around 150 of his photos was produced in 2010, entitled China: Through the Lens of John Thomson (1868-1872) (ISBN 9786167339009), was produced after his photos were exhibited in China (the three photos above are taken from this book). There was also an exhibition of Thomson's photographs at the Burrell Collection in Glasgow between 3 February and 12 June 2011.
There is a fairly modern biography of Thomson, John Thomson (1837-1921): Photographer (ISBN 0114958335), which can usually be obtained second-hand. This covers his whole life, not just his China work.
1870-1891
James Gilmour worked for the London Missionary Society in and around the city of Kalgan (now Zhangjiakou) between 1870 and 1891, amongst the Mongol people in what are now the provinces of Hebei and Inner Mongolia. Gilmour came originally from Cathkin in Glasgow. He wrote a book on his experiences, available as a modern reprintAmong the Mongols
(ISBN 9781120144959) and also full text online.
His book aims, he says, to present “whatever is most noteworthy and interesting in the home life, manners and customs, occupations and surroundings, modes of thought, superstitions and religious beliefs and practices of the Mongol tribes who inhabit the eastern portion of the plateau of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north and China on the south”. This he does admirably, covering topics as varied as tent life ; the relative merits of horses, camels, and ox carts as modes of travel ; Mongol food ; wedding traditions ; justice ; dress and medicine. Gilmour also compares and contrasts Christianity with Mongolian Buddhism, with – as he is a Christian missionary - predictable conclusions. However, his analysis is interesting.
Although he does not mention much about “China proper”, his close observation of a race that are now an important ethnic minority in the country are a useful contrast to other more traditional missionary texts.
1871-1889
Patrick Manson (1844-1922) was born in Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire, and is best known for as the founder of tropical medicine as a recognised medical field, and for establishing the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. However, he began his work on parasitology in the Chinese treaty port of Amoy (now Xiamen), where he worked between 1871 and 1884 as a doctor for the Imperial Maritime Customs. Manson spent his early years researching filaria, a small worm that causes elephantiasis. This later led, with help from other scientists, to the discovery that malaria is spread by mosquitoes, one of the most important medical discoveries of recent times.
Manson and his Chinese assistant working on their ground-breaking mosquito experiment
Manson was also responsible (with James Cantlie, see below) for establishing the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, now part of the University of Hong Kong. While working in the colony between 1883-1889, he also helped to set up the Dairy Farm Group, the first dairy business in Hong Kong, and which still exists.
There is a biography of Manson, Patrick Manson : The father of Tropical Medicine, by his relative Sir Philip Manson-Bahr, published by Thomas Nelson in 1962. It is out of print but can be found second-hand or in libraries. Only part of this book relates directly to his time in China, but Manson clearly drew on his Chinese experience extensively in his later work, both in terms of medicine and his sensitivity to many different races.
1879-1902
James Stewart-Lockhart (1858-1937), served as a colonial official in Hong Kong - Lockhart Road, in Wanchai District, is named after him. He served as Registrar General and Colonial Secretary, and was instrumental in the acquisition and early administration of the New Territories in 1898. In 1902 he moved to work in Wei Hai Wei (see below).
Stewart Lockhart (centre, in cocked hat) with Duke Kong, 1903
Stewart-Lockhart was born in Ardsheal in Argyll, in north-west Scotland, and was educated at George Watson's College (coincidentally, one of the Trust's award partners - see here and here).
A good biography of Stewart-Lockhart, Thistle and Bamboo, was published in 1989, but has been out of print for many years. However, thankfully, it has been reprinted by the Hong Kong University Press, Thistle and Bamboo: The Life and Times of Sir James Stewart Lockhart (ISBN 9789888028924). There is an article on his life here, from the 1972 issue of the Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
The writer tells his story in considerable detail, describing seemingly every small town that they pass through, initially by boat, then on foot. His accounts of Kwangsi and Yunnan are notable for descriptions of some of ethnic minorities living there, such as the Miao people, Lo-Los and others. Many of the areas visited by Colquhoun, especially in Yunnan, had rarely been traversed by Europeans, and the book is a fascinating insight into a foreigner's first impressions of an unknown part of China, and, indeed, of the locals' first impressions of a foreigner.
This was a tumultuous time in China, and Christie and his colleagues lived in Manchuria through the turmoil of the 1894 Sino-Japanese war, the 1900 Boxer Rebellion, the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese war and a serious outbreak of plague in 1911. His account covers these topics extensively, as well as the more traditional missionary stories and the work developing medical work in the area. This led in time to the establishment in 1909 of the Mukden Medical College, a connection that is still maintained by the Scottish Churches China Group.
Christie comes across as a keen observer of his Chinese hosts and friends, and appears to have developed very good relations with both successive Viceroys and Governors and with the common people. For example, his chapter 'East and West – mistaken judgements', focussing on differences, alleged and real, between the two cultures, is sensitive and sensible, and (allowing for some differences of time) could almost serve as the basis for a “cross cultural course” today.
There is an excellent long historical article about the Mukden Medical College in the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, in two sections, Part 1
and Part 2.
1886-1887
Hok Tang Chan was first Chinese student at Glasgow University, studying Natural Philosophy and Chemistry. For the next 30 years most Chinese students at Glasgow studied science or engineering (including naval architecture) with a smaller number studying medicine.
1887-1896
James Cantlie was a Scottish doctor, born in Banffshire, who worked in Hong Kong between 1887 and 1896. He was instrumental (with Patrick Manson, see above) in establishing the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, which later became the University of Hong Kong, and carried out pioneering work on treating tropical diseases.
One of Cantlie's first students was Sun Yat Sen, later the first President of the Republic of China in 1911. When Sun Yat Sen visited London in 1896, he was kidnapped by the Imperial Chinese authorities and incarcerated in their London Embassy. After Sun managed to get a message to Cantlie, the doctor stirred up the British media and government and secured Sun's release. This affair is examined in detail in The Origins of an Heroic Image: Sun Yat-Sen in London, 1896-97 (ISBN 0195840801). There was also a 2016 news-story here, on the 120th anniversary..
Sir George Macartney, son of Sir Halliday Macartney (see item above), served as British consul in Kashgar, Xinjiang, between 1890 and 1918 (George was born in China, and his mother was Chinese, but we think it is reasonable to say he as at least half Scottish !). His lonely and difficult diplomatic service took place during the power struggle between Britain, Russia and China for influence in this remote but strategically important area, often called “the Great Game”. Following work as an interpreter with the 1887 military expedition to Sikkim, the young Macartney accompanied the soldier and explorer Francis Younghusband on a mission to Kashgar, where he was left to oversee British interests.
There is an excellent recent biography of George, The Diplomat of Kashgar: The Life of Sir George Macartney
(ISBN 9789888227624). Much of the book is concerned with the devious machinations of the cunning and unpredictable Russian Consul Nicolai Petrovsky, who was to prove a considerable adversary in the political contest for control in this turbulent region. In addition, it includes, from his Scottish wife, fascinating and intimate descriptions of their domestic life in remote Kashgar and the hazardous journeys they made in the area.
1898-c. 1930
Duncan Clark, a Scot, established the first foreign firm, D. Clark & Co., in the newly-acquired territory of Wei Hai Wei. The firm ran general stores, supplied the Royal Navy, opened hotels, and operated ferry services for many years.
1899
Donald Mennie was a Scottish photographer who worked in China in the early 20th century. He was born, it is believed, in Golspie, Sutherland, the son of a chemist. Little is known of his early life. He arrived in China in 1899 and worked in the firm of Mactavish & Lehman in Peking, before joining A.S. Watson in Shanghai, where he rose to become the firm's managing director. Watsons was a druggist and general store, and also sold photographic equipment - the company remains in business as one of Asia's largest health and beauty retailers, the A.S. Watson Group, part of the Hong Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa conglomerate. Watsons stores are widespread in both Hong Kong and mainland China today.
Mennie's photographs evoked a romantic vision of "antique China", featuring dusty caravans, misty rural valleys, old palaces, and historic buildings. His photographs appear in several books, both his own and illustrating those of others – original copies of his books and individual photos sell for significant amounts on the second-hand book market. These include :
Pictures of Peking, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, maybe 1900
illustrations in My lady of the Chinese courtyard, by Elizabeth Cooper, published by Frederick A. Stokes, New York, 1914
China by land & water, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, 1920 – a small book of 30 plates
The pageant of Peking, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, 1920 – a large volume bound in blue silk, with 66 images of the Chinese capital
Glimpses of China, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, 1920 – a small book of 30 plates
China, North and South, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, 1922, and second edition,1930 – a small book of 30 plates
Picturesque China, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, sometime between 1920 and 1930 – a small book of 30 plates
illustrations in The Great River – a voyage on the Yangtze Kiang, by Gretchen Mae Fitkin, published by the North China Daily News & Herald, Shanghai, 1922 – this is available online here
The grandeur of the Gorges, published by A.S. Watson, Shanghai, 1926 – a large bound volume, with 50 coloured images of the Yangtze Gorges – only 1,000 copies were produced
The National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh holds original copies of The pageant of Peking ; The grandeur of the Gorges ; Glimpses of China ; China, North and South ; Picturesque China ; and The Great River.
Mennie was interned in Lungwha Camp by the Japanese in 1943 and died there on 10 January 1944, aged 60.
1900
A paddle steamer called Pioneer, built by Denny of Dumbarton, was the first full-scale foreign merchant ship to reach Chungking (now Chongqing), 1,490 miles upstream from the sea.
James Stewart-Lockhart (1858--1937, see above) served as British Commissioner at Wei Hai Wei (now Weihai), in northern Shandong province.
Stewart Lockhart with village headmen, Wei Hai Wei
For a Chinese view of his time there (and that of Reginald Johnston, see below), see Weihaiwei Under British Rule
(ISBN 978-1873877814). The book is heavily illustrated from both Chinese and British sources, and covers all aspects of the city's development between 1838-1930, including its use as a naval base, its economy, western influences such as schools and missionaries, village life and Chinese customs. All in all, a fascinating volume, and a fair Chinese assessment of British colonial rule.
1904-1932
George Forrest, born in Falkirk in 1873, one of the finest botanists of his generation, made seven expeditions to China between 1904 and 1932, mostly to Yunnan, as well as Tibet and northern Burma, on behalf of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He discovered over 1200 plants species new to science, as well as many birds and mammals.
His China trips resulted in a wealth of scientific discoveries and new horticultural gems – he brought back 31,000 specimens including new species of primula, rhododendron, iris, gentian and jasmine, as well as collecting birds, mammals and insects. The Garden is still a major source of information about Chinese botany and has a field station and a conservation project in Yunnan run jointly with Chinese scientists. Professor Balfour, Regius Keeper of the RBGE at the time, called him "unquestionably the finest collector of modern times", and "the prince of collectors". He died in Yunnan in 1932, but his legacy continues - some of Forest rhododendrons have been propagated and repatriated to Yunnan for use in the conservation of plant diversity on the Yulong Shan mountain range.
He never published a book himself, but there is a good recent biography, George Forrest : Plant Hunter (ISBN 1851494618), by Brenda McLean. This book is the first biography of Forrest for over 50 years, and contains detailed accounts of his trips, often quoting from his own letters home, and also covers the influence of his patrons and rivalries with other botanists. His prodigious efforts are shown by the appendices, which list over 50 publications, almost 200 plants he introduced to Britain that are still available today, and around 200 species of flora and fauna named after Forrest. The book also reveals some of the political and social turmoil which he saw at first hand in China, making it of interest to a wider audience.
1906-1930
Reginald Johnston, who had served in Hong Kong as a colonial official 1898-1906, was transferred to Wei Hai Wei in 1906 to work as No. 2 to Stewart-Lockhart (see above). He was an avid explorer of China, wrote several books about the country, and became a Buddhist. As one biographer says, “Reginald Johnston was a strange creature ; the Edinburgh lad who became a Chinese Mandarin”. He was described in his lifetime as “eccentric, a Buddhist crank and a recluse who was both adorable and difficult”.
He told the story of his time in Wei Hai Wei, from 1906-1919 and 1927-1930, and recounted the result of much of his own research into Chinese culture in Lion and Dragon in northern China, originally published in 1910 and reprinted
(ISBN 978-0195837940) in 1986 and again more recently
(ISBN 9781113160508). With the eye of an anthropologist and the skill of a historian, he explains the ownership of land, the structure of village leadership, festivals, the lives of women and children, religious activities (including Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism), graveyards, local superstitions, law and civil litigation, and the history of the area.
He also published From Peking to Mandalay, the account of a personal journey undertaken in 1906 to Sichuan, Yunnan and so into Burma - this is also available as a modern reprint
(ISBN 9781142246563) and full text online. He was particularly keen to visit areas not before reached by Europeans, or at least Britons. Having reached Ichang on the Yangtze by steamer, he hired a native boat to continue his river journey as far as Chengdu, before travelling through the Tibetan areas in the west of Sichuan. He travelled vast distances, as well as using a dug-out canoe, rafts and railways, where available. Johnston was at this time very interested in Buddhism, and he devotes considerable space to this religion and special places such as the Buddhist shrine at Omei mountain. He concludes this book with a more general analysis of the position of China at this time, and foreign attitudes to it – he is very sympathetic to the country and its people.
In 1919, he became tutor to Pu Yi, the last Emperor of China, and told this story in his book Twilight in the Forbidden City
(ISBN 978-0968045954). He quickly befriended the young man and was his informal adviser for many years, a role that did not always please the British authorities. This saga was famously dramatised in the 1987 film The Last Emperor, with Peter O'Toole playing Johnston (more background here. The story is told by Pu Yi is his own autobiography, From Emperor to Citizen : The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi, first published in Chinese in 1964.
William Burrell, a prosperous Glasgow shipping merchant, assembled a huge collection of Chinese art and antiques, which he later donated - along with objects from other cultures - to the city. These artefacts are now housed in the Burrell Collection in Glasgow's Pollok Park. His story is told in the book Burrell : Portrait of a Collector
(ISBN 0862670373).
Another Glasgow businessman, Leonard Gow (1859-1936), was also a noted collector of Chinese art, and is often seen as a competitor to Burrell. His collection was disposed at auction in 1943, but pieces still appear on the market and command high prices.
1913
Sino-Scottish Society formed at Glasgow University, “to promote interest and friendship between Chinese undergraduates and their Scots fellow-students”. An old document about the society can be seen here.
1925-1943
Eric Liddell is probably the best known 20th century Scot with a China connection – he worked there as a missionary from 1925 until his untimely death in 1945, in a Japanese internment camp at Weihsien (now Weifang), Shandong province. He is of course also known as the British runner who gave up the chance of 100m Olympic gold in 1924 because he would not run on a Sunday (although he did go to to win 400m gold). He was immortalised by the 1981 film Chariots of Fire. Liddell's memory is still revered in China today, both in Shandong and Tianjin (then Tientsin) where he was born in 1902 to missionary parents and later taught for some years. In Scotland, a community centre in Edinburgh is named in his memory and holds his archive.
There are several biographies of Liddell, but the most accessible is The Flying Scotsman : The Eric Liddell Story (ISBN 978-0752443522), originally published in 1981 to tie in with the film, and reprinted in 2007 ahead of the Beijing Olympics.
The book covers his entire life, but the China interest really begins on page 85, when he returned to Tientsin as an adult to join the staff of the Anglo-Chinese college. He apparently “did not make remarkable progress as a teacher”, but unsurprisingly, “on the sports field it was a different matter”, as he took over the college athletics and “soon had his boys breaking records”. However, Liddell still felt the pull towards “front line” missionary work, and joined his brother at Siaochang (now Xiaozhang), Hebei province, in 1937. He worked there until 1940, notably in the hospital, helping casualties of the Sino-Japanese fighting.
By 1940, Liddell was back in Scotland on leave, and given the international situation, could well have stayed. But he returned to China, and was thus interned by the Japanese when hostilities broke out with the UK and the US in December 1941, initially at Tientsin and finally, in 1943, at Weihsien. He threw himself wholeheartedly into camp life and was loved by his fellow internees, especially the children – his death, to a brain tumour, was a blow to the whole camp. The city of Weifang commemorated Liddell's life by laying a wreath at the memorial headstone marking his grave in 2005, as part of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the internment camp.
Liddell's achievements received more recognition around the time of the London 2012 Olympics - see for example this article about a new sports bursary from the University of Edinburgh, and this BBC article, which reports that Weifang city, where he is buried, "has plans to pay a bigger tribute...the building where he died is to be converted into a new museum with a reconstruction of Liddell's prison room and a waxwork of him inside".
A new film based on Liddell's life, The Last Race, went into production in China in 2015, starring Joseph Fiennes, and is expected to air later in 2016. In addition, a new statue of Liddell has recently been erected in Weifang, see this article.
1920s and 1930s
Several Scottish regiments served in British Army garrisons in China in the troubled 1920s and 1930s. For example, this photo shows the Seaforth Highlanders marching across the Garden Bridge in Shanghai in 1937, during Sino-Japanese fighting in the city.
Other units which were stationed in Hong Kong or mainland China during this period included The Scots Guards (Hong Kong and Shanghai, 1927-28) ; The Royal Scots (North China, 1928-30, and Hong Kong, 1940-41) ; The Royal Scots Fusiliers (Shanghai, 1931-32) ; The King's Own Scottish Borderers (Hong Kong, 1927-30) ; The Cameronians (Hong Kong, 1927) ; The Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders (North China, Shanghai and Hong Kong, 1929-1933) ; and the Seaforth Highlanders (Hong Kong and Shanghai, 1937-40). These garrisons were there primarily to protect Britain's significant commercial interests in China at this time, and did not (thankfully) at any time actually fight the Chinese army.
The Shanghai Volunteer Corps, the city's own foreign volunteer defenders, included a kilted company known as the 'Shanghai Scottish' from WW1 until 1941 - the photo above shows the unit on duty during the 1932 Sino-Japanese crisis.
It is perhaps worth noting that the guard of honour at the ceremony to return the colony of Wei Hai Wei to China, in October 1930, was found by a Scottish unit, 2nd Battalion, The Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders (see photos above, from their regimental journal) - just as that in 1997 for the return of Hong Kong was found by The Black Watch.
1941
The 2nd Battalion, Royal Scots, took part in the defence of Hong Kong against the Japanese invasion, between 8 and 25 December 1941 - there is a brief account of the overall campaign here.
The Royal Scots suffered significant losses during the battle itself, and many of the men who were taken prisoner died later in Japanese POW camps in Hong Kong, Japan and China.
1948
Chinese writer Chiang Yee published his book The Silent Traveller in Edinburgh
(ISBN 9781841830483 for modern reprint, although second hand copies are quite common). He lived and travelled in the UK in the 1930s and 1940s, and managed the Chinese collections at the Wellcome Institute, and this book is based on several trips to the Scottish capital.
This volume, like the others, brings an unusual and amusing perspective to familiar culture and places, based on his wanderings in all weathers, rain or shine - “the rain was by now pouring down in such torrents that I could not see the end of Morningside Road...I could not possibly show myself less persevering than the Scots, so I walked on”. The weather seems to play a large part in his memory of Edinburgh - “to be greeted on my arrival in Edinburgh by drizzling rain seemed to me an appropriate welcome”, he says, and calls the rain “my friend”.
The introduction to this reprinted edition notes three themes - “defamiliarisation”, in which Chiang “transforms a common scene into an unfamiliar sight or a normal concept into an abnormal one” ; “a profound simplicity” ; and a superb pictorial quality. Indeed, interspersed throughout the book, Chiang's delightful paintings of city scenes, such as the Botanic Gardens, Zoo, Royal Mile and Princes Street, add a Chinese style to Scottish sights. He often saw things rather differently than local tradition, for example seeing Arthur's Seat not as the traditional lion but as a sleeping elephant (and draws it thus, too – he may have a point !). Chiang Yee also climbed Blackford Hill - see more here !
Chiang was, in summer 1937, a guest in Scotland of Sir Reginald Johnston (see above), who had recruited him to teach Chinese in London three years before. Chiang spent several weeks at Johnston's last home at Eilean Righ, while “beset by worries and uncertainties” - it seems this visit, and his others, left him with a very powerful impression of Scotland.
1958-1964
Robert Black, originally from Edinburgh, was the British Governor of Hong Kong - biographical details are here. He was the first Scot to be appointed to the Governor's role, and was also a former pupil of George Watson's College, one of our partners !
1966
The Scotland-China Association was established in Edinburgh in May 1966.
1971-1982
Murray MacLehose, originally from Glasgow, was the British Governor of Hong Kong - biographical details are here.
1972
First visit to China by Scotland-China Association as guests of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.
1978
First visit to Scotland by a delegation from the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.
1987-1992
David WIlson, another Scot, was the British Governor of Hong Kong - biographical details are here.
1997
Perhaps appropriately, given Scotland's long commercial and administrative connections with Hong Kong, the British Army unit that took part in the ceremony to return the colony to China on 30 June 1997 was the famous Scottish regiment, The Black Watch. The story is told in Black Watch, Red Dawn: The Hong Kong Handover to China
(ISBN 978-1857532609).
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[Treatment and mechanism of compound carraghenates suppository to rat acute rectal mucous injury].
To investigate the treatment and mechanism of compound carraghenates suppository to rat acute rectal mucous injury. The model of rat acute rectal mucous injury was established by 3% acetic acid. Two hundred and forty rats were divided equally into control and experimental group. The rats of experimental group were administrated with 20 mg carraghenates suppository via rectum twice a day, but rats of control group were not administrated with carraghenates suppository. Thirty rats in both groups were executed at different time points. The pathologic changes were observed and the rectal mucous injury was scored. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the effect of carraghenates suppository on expression of VEGF, iNOS, IL-8, MMP9, HIF-1 alpha and PCNA in the two groups. The scores of rectal mucous injury was lower, the pathologic changes such as hyperaemia, edema, destroy of glands were less severe, and tissue repair time was shorter in experimental group compared with those in the control group at 24 h, 78 h and 120 h after administration of carraghenates suppository. No obvious cicatrisation was observed in experimental group. Expression of VEGF and MMP9 was significantly lower in experimental group compared with those in the control group at 24 h after administration. Expression of VEGF, iNOS, IL-8, MMP9, HIF-1alpha and PCNA were statistically decreased in experimental group than those in the control group at 72 h, 120 h after administration. MVD in experimental group was statistically decreased than that in the control group. The compound carraghenates suppository can reduce the rectal mucous injury from 3% acetic acid, and accelerate the wound healing without obvious cicatrisation. The compound carraghenates suppository can reduce the expression of MMP9, VEGF, IL-8, PCNA, iNOS and HIF-1 alpha, which may play a role in its protective mechanism.
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Liquids have served microcavity research from Ashkin\'s studies on optical resonances in levitating droplets[@b1] to recent optofluidic[@b2] resonators[@b3]. Droplets can provide an optical quality factor (*Q*) in proximity to the limit restricted by water absorption and radiation loss[@b4]. However, water microdrops[@b5] quickly vaporize due to their large area/volume ratio.
The current state of the art in optofluidic resonators[@b3][@b6][@b7] includes single-use droplets in experiments with a pulse laser[@b5], water in pipettes[@b8], toroids in water[@b9][@b10][@b11][@b12], submerged spheres in water[@b13], a stream of microdroplet dye lasers[@b14], water droplets in oil[@b15] and water glycerol on a hydrophobic surface[@b12] and microfluidic optomechanics[@b16]. Modern techniques used to perform measurements on solid resonators can be utilized for these resonators as well. Among them are cancelling frequency drifts in the resonator[@b10] and in the pump[@b11], cavity-enhanced spectroscopy[@b7][@b14][@b17], broad-band spectroscopy using frequency combs[@b18], and recently, exploiting ring-up for ultrafast spectroscopy[@b19]. In their inherent essence, microcavities confine multiple optical passes. Accordingly, and with several close descriptions encountered in literature, the major goodness-of-fit parameters of such resonators are their smallness, 1/*V*~m~ (ref. [@b20]), where *V*~m~ is the volume of the optical mode, their optical quality factor, *Q*, and the optical intensity at the region of interest[@b20]. Water walls are used in various applications[@b21] including reactions at a gas-liquid interface[@b22].
Here we fabricate a stable spheroidal shape water-walled droplet around a cylindrical stem ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). Light can circulate in this droplet near its interface, and when the circumference is an integer number of wavelengths, an optical resonance known as a whispering-gallery mode is formed. There are many advantages to water-walled devices enveloped in air. A maximal contrast between air and the water-core results in a minimal radiation loss, allowing for tight confinement (1/V~m~; ref. [@b4]). In addition, air is so transparent that the droplet\'s *Q* can be limited by water absorption only. Last, optical intensity is almost totally contained in the water near the interface with air. Therefore, thermal capillary waves[@b23] can interact with resonantly enhanced light near the interface[@b24].
Results
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Fabrication of the droplet sustainer
------------------------------------
We will now describe our method for sustaining the water walls of a microfluidic device ([Supplementary Movie 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). As one can see in [Fig. 1b,c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}, a nanoscale water bridge extends from the droplet all the way to a practically unlimited reservoir that replenishes it. Total compensation for evaporation is achieved by designing the hydrophilicity and geometry of our solid surfaces, to enable this bridge; while bearing in mind that water, from energy consideration, prefers to minimize the product of interfacial-tension and area. As will be explained in more details in ([Supplementary Fig. 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [Supplementary Methods](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [Supplementary note 1-2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), a wet-plasma treated[@b25] ([Fig. 1a](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) cylindrical stem holds the microdroplet ([Fig. 1b,c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) while in fluidic contact with the water bridge ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} centre). The micrograph of our sustainer presents a droplet ([Fig. 1c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), where light can circumferentially circulate along an equatorial line and may form an optical whispering-gallery resonance. On need, water can surround the full length of the stem ([Fig. 1c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) including the formation of a droplet at its end. The existence of the water bridge is confirmed by touching it with a dry object, and watching the object absorb liquid.
The droplet endures perturbations such as holding it (with its sustainer) in a hand and walking with it to another set-up. The droplet also survives touch by a 1-μm tapered fibre. In fact, the taper broke in such tests while the droplet lived on. This is expected since surface tension governs at small scales. To put it into perspective, surface tension in our device is \>8,000 times stronger than gravity as defined by its Eötvös number ([Supplementary Note 3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), meaning that such droplets might even withstand high accelerations. While regular droplets at these scales quickly vaporize ([Fig. 1e](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Movie 2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), our microfluidic device was sustained for \>16 h ([Fig. 1d](#f1){ref-type="fig"}); when we had to interfere and cut the experiment, to continue to the next study.
Characterization of water droplet resonator
-------------------------------------------
In the following, we will demonstrate our claim to high-*Q* optical resonances in this sustainable water droplet. We use a tapered fibre[@b12][@b15][@b26][@b27] to evanescently couple light in and out of the droplet ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). We scan the laser wavelength over a region that contains one or more of its resonances. We then deduce the optical quality factor of our micro-droplet resonator from the measured optical linewidth (Δ*λ*) with the formula *Q*=*λ*/Δ*λ*.
The quality factor was tested on heavy and distilled water droplets at the red and near infrared as shown in [Fig. 2b--e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}. Both distilled and heavy water supports an optical finesse over a million at 780 nm. As seen when diving in the ocean, blue light penetrates water much deeper than red. Thus, 480 nm light will enable one, or maybe even two, orders of magnitude improvement in our measured finesse. Still, even at 780 nm, with an almost complete optical mode overlap with water, the product of finesse and mode penetration in water in our system is \>1,000 times higher than other devices. This said, finesse higher than ours was demonstrated using solid devices[@b28]. Our quality factors ([Fig. 2c,e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) suggest an upper limit for scattering losses in our system. Scattering, including from Brownian capillary waves[@b24], might occur in our system; yet, they attenuate light by \<0.0001, cm^−1^.
By bringing the taper closer to the droplet we establish critical coupling. As a result, transmission at resonance drops to almost zero ([Fig. 2f](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that the coupling efficiency to our devise is ∼99% (ref. [@b27]). Contrary to common solids, the thermal broadening[@b29] is seen here ([Fig. 2g](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) while scanning towards the shorter wavelengths. This is expected since the thermal coefficient of refractive index for water is negative. Linewidth narrowing ([Fig. 2g](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) was observed when scanning toward the longer wavelength exhibiting thermal asymmetry similar to what is readily seen in solid-state resonators[@b29]. Increasing the optical input power up to 1 mW results no changes in the resonator and its modal properties when compared with a solid-state resonator.
Characterization of the resonance stability and tenability
----------------------------------------------------------
Too measure the stability of the resonance during evaporation and subsequent replenishment, we perpetually scan our laser frequency through resonance while monitoring transmission and tracking the resonance ([Fig. 3a](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). We find deviation of 0.3 Å in radius and 0.6 GHz in resonance frequency as calculated from the s.d. of 16 measurements that span over a 0.08-s period. We again monitor the resonance; however, this time we apply voltage to the droplet. As one can see in [Fig. 3b](#f3){ref-type="fig"}, a 10 GHz frequency drift (corresponding to a 5 Å increase in the droplet radius) was observed on increasing the voltage by 10 V. In this regard, it was suggested that hydration shells, including droplets, prefer negative charges[@b30], which can explain the pulling of the droplet toward the positive electrode.
As for *Q* variation, we monitored no *Q* degradation over time, even after using the same set-up for a few days without washing it. Our method worked with every type of water that we tried. This includes the purest water that we could find, as well as the dirtiest water that exhibited a quality factor near 10,000. Applicability of liquid-walled resonators to other fluids is evident by the fact that we could successfully excite similar resonances in non-evaporating liquids such as silicone oil and paraffin. Organic liquids (such as acetone) that we tested benefitted from a very-good adhesion to the stem. However, at this preliminary stage we could not find an organophobic material for the reservoir.
In conclusion, devices bounded by water-air interfaces can host optical resonances at their edges. Until today, the fast evaporation of the entire device challenged such experiments. This technology stopper is mitigated here by establishing a nano water bridge that feeds the device. This enables water walls almost all-over microfluidic devices at room pressure and temperature, with no controller, no feedback loop and no additives to the water.
Additional information
======================
**How to cite this article:** Maayani, S. *et al*. Water-walled microfluidics for high optical finesse cavities. *Nat. Commun.* 7:10435 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10435 (2016).
Supplementary Material {#S1}
======================
###### Supplementary Information
Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Notes 1-3, Supplementary Methods and Supplementary References.
###### Supplementary Movie 1
Fabrication of a water-walled microfluidic (slowed down by a factor of 8)
###### Supplementary Movie 2
Vaporization of control-group water droplets that are sprayed on a resolution target (real time).
This research was supported by ICore: the Israeli Excellence center 'Circle of Light\' and by the Israeli Science Foundation grant no. 2013/15.
**Author contributions** S.M. fabricatede devices and performed the experiments. L.L.M. and T.C. supervised the research.
{#f1}
{ref-type="fig"}) and 700 nm at the critically coupled regime (**f**). This distance between the taper and resonator was estimated based on the input from the droplet positioning system (P-611.3 NanoCube, Physik Instrumente, PI).](ncomms10435-f2){#f2}
{ref-type="fig"} where the resonance frequency is revealed from the centre of the best-fitting Lorentzian (red line, [Fig. 2c](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). (**b**) Controlling the water-droplet size and its resonance frequency by applying an external voltage. Parameters are similar to (**a**) except for an electrode here that was located 300 μm from the droplet. The error bars in (**b**) represents the s.d. when voltage was not applied (**a**). We note that the water reservoir is always grounded.](ncomms10435-f3){#f3}
|
AURA & Design workshop focused narrative landscape around the life of another system, for example, a summer sea, the horizon of the Galaxy or girl ponytail lemon, loving whisper or a shocking light, dramatic melody or memories The flower. . . .
Origin / manufacturing methods Made in Taiwan / front printing / back no printing / discharge using a special inkjet printing, soft colors, there is no glue, comfort breathable cracking.
THE 2nd SKIN / suede mask no.10
This product is available for using the International Forwarding Service. Have all your taiwanese orders sent to Pinkoi's International Forwarding Center in Taiwan, and we'll bundle your orders into one package and ship it to you.Full details
|
"""
Unit tests for CLI entry points.
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import functools
import io
import os
import sys
import typing
import unittest
from contextlib import contextmanager, redirect_stdout, redirect_stderr
import rsa
import rsa.cli
import rsa.util
@contextmanager
def captured_output() -> typing.Generator:
"""Captures output to stdout and stderr"""
# According to mypy, we're not supposed to change buf_out.buffer.
# However, this is just a test, and it works, hence the 'type: ignore'.
buf_out = io.StringIO()
buf_out.buffer = io.BytesIO() # type: ignore
buf_err = io.StringIO()
buf_err.buffer = io.BytesIO() # type: ignore
with redirect_stdout(buf_out), redirect_stderr(buf_err):
yield buf_out, buf_err
def get_bytes_out(buf) -> bytes:
return buf.buffer.getvalue()
@contextmanager
def cli_args(*new_argv):
"""Updates sys.argv[1:] for a single test."""
old_args = sys.argv[:]
sys.argv[1:] = [str(arg) for arg in new_argv]
try:
yield
finally:
sys.argv[1:] = old_args
def remove_if_exists(fname):
"""Removes a file if it exists."""
if os.path.exists(fname):
os.unlink(fname)
def cleanup_files(*filenames):
"""Makes sure the files don't exist when the test runs, and deletes them afterward."""
def remove():
for fname in filenames:
remove_if_exists(fname)
def decorator(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
remove()
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
finally:
remove()
return wrapper
return decorator
class AbstractCliTest(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
# Ensure there is a key to use
cls.pub_key, cls.priv_key = rsa.newkeys(512)
cls.pub_fname = '%s.pub' % cls.__name__
cls.priv_fname = '%s.key' % cls.__name__
with open(cls.pub_fname, 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(cls.pub_key.save_pkcs1())
with open(cls.priv_fname, 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(cls.priv_key.save_pkcs1())
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
if hasattr(cls, 'pub_fname'):
remove_if_exists(cls.pub_fname)
if hasattr(cls, 'priv_fname'):
remove_if_exists(cls.priv_fname)
def assertExits(self, status_code, func, *args, **kwargs):
try:
func(*args, **kwargs)
except SystemExit as ex:
if status_code == ex.code:
return
self.fail('SystemExit() raised by %r, but exited with code %r, expected %r' % (
func, ex.code, status_code))
else:
self.fail('SystemExit() not raised by %r' % func)
class KeygenTest(AbstractCliTest):
def test_keygen_no_args(self):
with cli_args():
self.assertExits(1, rsa.cli.keygen)
def test_keygen_priv_stdout(self):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
with cli_args(128):
rsa.cli.keygen()
lines = get_bytes_out(out).splitlines()
self.assertEqual(b'-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----', lines[0])
self.assertEqual(b'-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----', lines[-1])
# The key size should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('128-bit key' in err.getvalue())
@cleanup_files('test_cli_privkey_out.pem')
def test_keygen_priv_out_pem(self):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
with cli_args('--out=test_cli_privkey_out.pem', '--form=PEM', 128):
rsa.cli.keygen()
# The key size should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('128-bit key' in err.getvalue())
# The output file should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('test_cli_privkey_out.pem' in err.getvalue())
# If we can load the file as PEM, it's good enough.
with open('test_cli_privkey_out.pem', 'rb') as pemfile:
rsa.PrivateKey.load_pkcs1(pemfile.read())
@cleanup_files('test_cli_privkey_out.der')
def test_keygen_priv_out_der(self):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
with cli_args('--out=test_cli_privkey_out.der', '--form=DER', 128):
rsa.cli.keygen()
# The key size should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('128-bit key' in err.getvalue())
# The output file should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('test_cli_privkey_out.der' in err.getvalue())
# If we can load the file as der, it's good enough.
with open('test_cli_privkey_out.der', 'rb') as derfile:
rsa.PrivateKey.load_pkcs1(derfile.read(), format='DER')
@cleanup_files('test_cli_privkey_out.pem', 'test_cli_pubkey_out.pem')
def test_keygen_pub_out_pem(self):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
with cli_args('--out=test_cli_privkey_out.pem',
'--pubout=test_cli_pubkey_out.pem',
'--form=PEM', 256):
rsa.cli.keygen()
# The key size should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('256-bit key' in err.getvalue())
# The output files should be shown on stderr
self.assertTrue('test_cli_privkey_out.pem' in err.getvalue())
self.assertTrue('test_cli_pubkey_out.pem' in err.getvalue())
# If we can load the file as PEM, it's good enough.
with open('test_cli_pubkey_out.pem', 'rb') as pemfile:
rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1(pemfile.read())
class EncryptDecryptTest(AbstractCliTest):
def test_empty_decrypt(self):
with cli_args():
self.assertExits(1, rsa.cli.decrypt)
def test_empty_encrypt(self):
with cli_args():
self.assertExits(1, rsa.cli.encrypt)
@cleanup_files('encrypted.txt', 'cleartext.txt')
def test_encrypt_decrypt(self):
with open('cleartext.txt', 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(b'Hello cleartext RSA users!')
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', '--out=encrypted.txt', self.pub_fname):
with captured_output():
rsa.cli.encrypt()
with cli_args('-i', 'encrypted.txt', self.priv_fname):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
rsa.cli.decrypt()
# We should have the original cleartext on stdout now.
output = get_bytes_out(out)
self.assertEqual(b'Hello cleartext RSA users!', output)
@cleanup_files('encrypted.txt', 'cleartext.txt')
def test_encrypt_decrypt_unhappy(self):
with open('cleartext.txt', 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(b'Hello cleartext RSA users!')
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', '--out=encrypted.txt', self.pub_fname):
with captured_output():
rsa.cli.encrypt()
# Change a few bytes in the encrypted stream.
with open('encrypted.txt', 'r+b') as encfile:
encfile.seek(40)
encfile.write(b'hahaha')
with cli_args('-i', 'encrypted.txt', self.priv_fname):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
self.assertRaises(rsa.DecryptionError, rsa.cli.decrypt)
class SignVerifyTest(AbstractCliTest):
def test_empty_verify(self):
with cli_args():
self.assertExits(1, rsa.cli.verify)
def test_empty_sign(self):
with cli_args():
self.assertExits(1, rsa.cli.sign)
@cleanup_files('signature.txt', 'cleartext.txt')
def test_sign_verify(self):
with open('cleartext.txt', 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(b'Hello RSA users!')
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', '--out=signature.txt', self.priv_fname, 'SHA-256'):
with captured_output():
rsa.cli.sign()
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', self.pub_fname, 'signature.txt'):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
rsa.cli.verify()
self.assertFalse(b'Verification OK' in get_bytes_out(out))
@cleanup_files('signature.txt', 'cleartext.txt')
def test_sign_verify_unhappy(self):
with open('cleartext.txt', 'wb') as outfile:
outfile.write(b'Hello RSA users!')
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', '--out=signature.txt', self.priv_fname, 'SHA-256'):
with captured_output():
rsa.cli.sign()
# Change a few bytes in the cleartext file.
with open('cleartext.txt', 'r+b') as encfile:
encfile.seek(6)
encfile.write(b'DSA')
with cli_args('-i', 'cleartext.txt', self.pub_fname, 'signature.txt'):
with captured_output() as (out, err):
self.assertExits('Verification failed.', rsa.cli.verify)
class PrivatePublicTest(AbstractCliTest):
"""Test CLI command to convert a private to a public key."""
@cleanup_files('test_private_to_public.pem')
def test_private_to_public(self):
with cli_args('-i', self.priv_fname, '-o', 'test_private_to_public.pem'):
with captured_output():
rsa.util.private_to_public()
# Check that the key is indeed valid.
with open('test_private_to_public.pem', 'rb') as pemfile:
key = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1(pemfile.read())
self.assertEqual(self.priv_key.n, key.n)
self.assertEqual(self.priv_key.e, key.e)
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of machine tool holding V-blocks, and more particularly to independently self-adjustable, pivoted V-grooved blocks.
2. Description of Related Art
Prior art has developed various designs in V-block fixtures, which can be easily constructed and manufactured. Previous embodiments for clamping and/or supporting an angled, cylindrical or block-shaped workpiece disclose unique, yet limiting, methods for the securing and machining of a said workpiece in the appropriate pre-determined size.
Descriptions of typical prior art devices for clamping and holding workpieces during machining operations are found in the following: U.S. Pat. No. 4,854,568 includes a pair of identical heptagonal blocks having a plurality of planar angled side panels for orienting cylindrical work pieces at predetermined angular degrees; U.S. Pat. No. 5,193,791 involves a three point parallel holding device which integrates a circular internal bore to secure irregularly shaped workpieces against the jaws of a vice. Another previously introduced invention relative to that which is described in the present embodiment is U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,907 which utilizes dual jawed adjustable workpiece holders and a pre-determined calculation of the angles at which the device must be adjusted to achieve an accurate machining at the necessary points.
A major shortcoming of these previous embodiments is that they typically do not allow for the adjustability of the device in the purpose of holding work pieces of different measurements, shapes, or specifications. Often they have different non-adjustable locations for the holding of different shapes and sizes of work pieces. Given the wide variation in size and exterior shape of potential work pieces, this lack of adjustability is a serious limitation to existing technology.
|
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Q:
htaccess rewrite, how to do this?
Say I have a list of links in a folder, for example:
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-one.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-two.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-apple.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-pear.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-orange.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-six.php
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-banana.php
and I wanted them to look like:
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-one/
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/hello-two/
and so on..
How would I go about doing it? I only want it done for this folder, for the php files inside it, without doing a rule for each page, can it be done globally for all php files in this folder?
Thank you
A:
This might help
Assuming that you want to do this for this folder only
RewriteRule http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/(/*)$
http://www.site.com/folder/subfolder/subfolderfolder/$1.php
The above code will be in one line, I have put on second line for visibility
You can also checkout this tutorial http://corz.org/serv/tricks/htaccess2.php
|
'The Execution of Lady Jane Grey' by Paul Delaroche
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey by Paul Delaroche is one of the most famous paintings in London's National Gallery. Standing at a hefty 246 x 297cm, the painting dominates its display room in the Gallery. If you still can't find it, head for the hordes of crowds who always surround it. The painting's first exhibition was at the Paris Salon of 1834 and was later bequeathed to the British nation in 1902 by Lord Cheylesmore. It is currently hanging in Room 41.
Painted in 1833, the portrait depicts the execution of the young Jane Grey (1537 - 54) who was nominated by her cousin Edward VI to be England's next Protestant monarch. However, the Catholic Mary I, who had a greater claim to the throne (she was Edward's sister and Henry VIII's eldest daughter), had other plans. After reigning for only nine days, Lady Jane was deposed by Mary and was executed the following year. It is the purely tragic figure of Jane that keeps her memory alive in the British conscience - she was young, intelligent and a political pawn whose destiny was out of her control.
The painting shows a blindfolded Lady Jane about to be executed in one of the chambers of the Tower of London. She is being led to the block by Sir John Brydges who was Lieutenant of the Tower at the time. The executioner stands to the right of the painting and two grieving ladies-in-waiting are to the left. One of the women is on her knees, the other has her back to the audience, hands plaintively pressed against the wall in despair. Under the block is a mound of hay ready to soak up the blood of the young executee.
Paul Delaroche and Victorian Imagery
Paul Delaroche (1797 - 1856) was a French painter who loved historical epics. He was a well-known and relatively well-respected artist, exhibiting at the Paris Salons on several occasions. He was made a member of the French Légion d'honneur in 1828 and then became a teacher.
The scene of the execution was painted in 1833 and the reign of Charles X during France's restoration. Charles X fled France during the Revolution and spent much of his time in England until his family were restored to the French throne. This may explain why Delaroche chose a usurper as the subject of a major tableau displayed in France. It was Charles X's brother, Louis XVI, who was usurped and executed during the French Revolution. The sight of a usurper being executed must have appealed to Charles X.
The figure of Lady Jane Grey was resurrected in the Victorian era as a Protestant martyr - the innocent girl slaughtered by an over zealous Catholic monarch. This was the stuff that Victorian propaganda was made of. First and foremost, Lady Jane is wearing a white silk dress, is blindfolded, her skin is translucent, untainted, unwrinkled and unblemished; all these factors highlight her innocence, chastity and purity. The tragic figure of Lady Jane is further highlighted by the fact that she is plainly dressed whereas the other characters are wearing heavy, ornate Tudor gowns. The Protestant martyr image is only slightly undermined by the fact that the woman kneeling down is counting the Catholic rosary.
Historical Tripe
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey is a beautifully produced piece of work of oil on canvas but, to be fair, it is pure historical nonsense. It is true that Lady Jane was one of the five women executed in the Tower of London but, like her predecessors, she was executed in the open air, in the semi-private grounds outside St Peter ad Vincula Chapel in the Tower's grounds. Important figures were executed here to give them some privacy and less publicity, but there would have been more than four people present at the good Lady's execution. The Tower was a well-run community - there would have been guards, politicians, Catholic church clerics and enough staff required to run a small town such as ironmongers and smiths of all kinds. Also, it is unknown what colour dress Jane would have worn but it was almost certainly not white - she was a married woman. The painting also depicts Lady Jane with long, thick flowing hair - this would have been tied up to ensure that the execution went smoothly.
Despite its historical inaccuracies, The Execution of Lady Jane Grey stands out as a testament to the ability of a highly underrated 19th Century artist.
An Experiment
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey was one of the painting's selected for an experiment carried out by the National Gallery. Participants in the experiment were asked to look at the painting for roughly 20 seconds. Their focus of attention was then monitored and displayed. The central focal point was of course the blindfolded face of Lady Jane Grey. The participants' gazes then fell down the length of her arm to the executioner's block, travelled to the right of the tableau to the axe itself and then onto the executioner's face. The figure of the Lieutenant was hardly scanned across. Of the two weeping ladies, it is the woman with her back to the audience who attracts most attention with most viewers studying the nape of her neck. Unsurprisingly, the executioner's well-defined genitalia, hidden by tights, also attracted a lot of attention. Is nothing sacred?
Practicalities
The National Gallery is on Trafalgar Square which is easily accessible by the main bus routes and the Circle, District, Bakerloo, Piccadilly and Northern lines of the London Underground. It's open from 10am - 6pm every day and has late opening until 9pm on Wednesdays. The Gallery also organises free tours at 11.30am, 2.30pm and 6.30pm on Wednesdays. There is a special signed tour for the deaf and special talks for the blind on the first Saturday of every month at 11.30am. All tours start from the Sainsbury Wing desk.
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References
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AN OPEN DOOR TO THE BIBLE AND UNDERSTANDING IT
WORLD'S GREATEST BOOK CAN BE UNDERSTOOD IF GIVEN A CHANCE: Beyond question, the greatest book in the world is the Bible, and the greatest Book is about the greatest Person, Jesus Christ (Yeshua the
Anointed). The scriptures mean nothing, ultimately, aside from the Messianic theme--for the Bible is not really about religion or Jewish history or various famous Hebrews and Jews or festivals and religious laws or the temple or the tabernacle--all that together have some value in themselves for the Jewish people but like one plank in a bridge's understory can't hold the whole bridge up, neither can anything else in the Bible
other than what concerns Christ's work on the Cross avail anyone in a significant, life-changing way.
Nicodemus had everything religious that Judaism had to offer, and was an elder in the Sanhedrin court of the Jews in Jerusalem, their highest religious court--yet Jesus said he knew nothing really, if he didn't know he needed to be born again of the Spirit! So much for religion, tradition, Torah teachings, and high position! Another way of saying this is that the Bible is also like a lantern. Jesus the Messiah is the light in the lantern--and the lantern goes completely dead and dark without Jesus lighting it from within with his Cross-work of expiation and his Resurrection. And then there is the example of the tree--try making a tree with just branches and deleting the trunk--all you will get is a pile of mismatched branches on the ground--good for nothing but kindling! But with the trunk in place--Jesus--the branches are part of a living organism, a beautiful, well-formed tree that will stand tall forever and even bear fruit, much fruit. We are the branches, He is the trunk (Jesus said: "I am the Vine, you are the branches."). The Bible does not have to be "irrelevant," a compilation of all sorts of things people can find in religions and history and traditions and anthropology and literature.
No, the Bible contains Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life, who is the Living Word of God, able to save you, me, and the whole population of earth! With this understanding, you are on your way to unlocking the scriptures and opening the door to Yeshua--for the Bible is, at the living core, a living Person, Jesus (Yeshua), who delights in His Name, the Word (John 1:1 and in the fact He is the Word of God since before the foundation of the world: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." He intends to flood your life, and my life, with this LIVING WORD THAT IS HIMSELF IN ALL HIS WAYS. HE IS NOT A BOOK TO BE SET ON A SHELF OR A COFFEE TABLE. HE IS WHAT HE SAID, HE IS LIFE--LIFE--LIFE ETERNAL.
JUST USE ME
I am the Bible.
I am God's wonderful library.
I make known to all, Him who is Truth.
To the weary pilgrim, I am a good, strong staff.
To the one who sits in black gloom, [like the Dalit or Untouchable in India, or the drug or porn addict or the victim of abuse or neglect, or the tortured Christian in Laos or China or Burma or Nepal, or the Sudanese Christian slave abducted from Darfur and South Sudan, or the well-off American enslaved by materialism and self-indulgment and self-centeredness and ease] I am glorious light.
To those who stoop beneath many burdens, I am sweet rest.
To him who has lost his way, I am a safe guide.
To those who have been hurt by sin, I am healing balm.
To the discouraged, I whisper a glad message of hope.
To those who are distressed by the storms of life,
I am an anchor, sure and steadfast.
To those who suffer in lonely solitude,
I am as a cool, soft hand resting on a fevered brow.
Oh, child of man, to best defend me, JUST USE ME.
The Bible is God's road map as you travel through life.--from Faith Magazine, Author Unknown
THE BIBLE IS STILL THE WORLD'S MOST FEARED AND SUPPRESSED BOOK: "The Forbidden Book"
tells the true and fascinating story of how the Bible was and still is regarded as
the pox or the bird flu in much of this Devil-oppressed world right now. You can access it by typing the name given here in the Search box on the website home page of Exploration films:
WHY CARE ABOUT THE ANCIENT ESSENE SCROLLS? The history and discovery of the Essene Scrolls (whether the Qumran Essene sectarians wrote them and hid them away is a question, but not anything important, as the scrolls exist, telling about the Essenes as well as comprising most of the books of the Old Testament) is HIGHLY important for our Christian faith and their role in Christian apologetics is so foundational that we have a whole page devoted to them, and we will be adding new material from time to time:
As reported on the Jewish
News Wire website in the Sam Goodenough article, President Bush will any day now be viewing the Isaiah scroll, which after forty years in safe-keeping has been brought out by Israel for viewing in commemoration of its grand 60th birthday as a newly reborn nation. This scroll contains Isaiah, word for word, almost the entire book, and is the only
such intact book of the Bible, while the scrolls contains fragments of other books only. Is there a reason for this? Read Sam Goodenough's article about President Bush coming face to face with the Bible, those very passages in Isaiah proclaiming the re-gathering (the aliyah) of the Jewish people in their homeland and the rebirth of the nation (which we are celebrating, since its independence was declared on 1947).
The beautiful and unique Scriptorium (or Bible Writing/Manuscript) building with wonderful exhibits on how we got the Bible written and compiled into one canon-authorized Book, on view and for touring at the Holy Land Experience "theme park," now the property and ministry partner and outreach of Trinity Broadcasting Network in Orlando, Florida. Go experience the trip of a lifetime with your family or friends or just view it for yourself:
MESSIANIC BOOKMARK IS AVAILABLE FROM ZOLA LEVITT MINISTRIES1
THIS UNIQUE MESSIANIC SCROLL IS AVAILABLE! Zola Levitt Ministries has available a most wonderful Messianic Scroll, which would make an absolutely fantastic Christmas gift for someone you love and respect, like loved ones or even your pastor,
giving Messianic prophecies from the Old Testament (the Torah) along with the
Fulfilments in the New Testament.
Zola Levitt Ministries have come out with this latest little jem, a bookmark that contains significant and also essential Messianic prophecies:
THE MESSIAH YESHUA:
To be born in Bethelem...Mic. 5:2--Matt. 2:1-5
The Son of God...Psa. 2:7--Jn. 3:16-17
Of the Tribe of Judah...Gen. 49:10--Heb. 7:14
Of a virgin...Isa. 7:14--Matt. 1:18-22
A prophet like Moses...Deut. 18:15--Jn. 7:15-17
The King of Israel...Zech. 9:9--Jn. 12:12-15
Rejected...Isa. 53:3--Jn. 1:11
Beaten...Mic. 5:1--Mk. 15:19
Silent...Isa. 53:7--Matt. 27:12-14
Betrayed...Psa. 41:9--Mk. 14:17-20
Tried and Condemned...Isa. 53:8--Matt. 27:1-2
Crucified...Psa. 22:16--Jn. 19:17-18
Crucified...Psa. 22:16--Jn. 19:17-18
His garments divided...Psa. 22:18--Jn. 19:23-24
Given vinegar and gall...Psa. 69:21--Jn. 19:28-29
His bones not broken...Exo. 12:46--Jn. 19:31-36
He is our sacrifice...Isa. 53:5-6--I Pet. 2:24-25
And raised from death!
Psa. 16:10--Lk. 24:1-7, 47
Hallelujah! Is this not more than needed proof, that
Yeshua is indeed the Messiah of the Jews and the Savior
of the World? Besides these prophecies which He, he only, fulfilled
right on the day that they had to be fulfilled, but Yeshua demonstrated
His deity and almighty power by supernatural miracles in the hundreds and thousands,
which could fill all the books in the world if written down! He not only healed
all kinds of sickness and demon possession and
raised the dead, but He himself rose from the dead on the third day as it
had been prophesied of Him. Over 500 people saw him in multiple instances over a
period of several weeks, and his apostles witnessed
of seeing him alive again, braving persecution and the Roman executioner to tell the Gospel, the Good
News of their Messiah and Savior coming to earth and dying to save the sinner. They saw him ascend to heaven, where He
is alive still, reigning on the right hand of the Father, and He will soon come again as
Judge of the quick and the dead. Accept him now, believe in him now, as Savior and Messiah, or face Him very soon as God's Chief Magistrate or Judge, able to cast you into hell for payment of your
sins, which means you will suffer indescribably there for all eternity. But whatever your decision, do not be indifferent--the greatest insult of all to
God--not after Christ the Son of God came from heaven to suffer and die for you--
his enemy, a filthy sinner lost in sin and doomed to punishment forver in hell (even if you committed one sin, you are still unspeakably foul and filthy head to foot, in God's holy eyes!). Be hot or cold, but do not be indifferent! Do not insult your Maker, your Creator, your
Savior or your Judge. This doesn't concern choices in ice cream, or which shirt looks best on you. This is your eternal destiny, which way you choose it to go, as you stand in the awesome valley of decision. Life will soon end, whether you live 8 years or 80--compared to Eternity, human life is but a passing moment. So choose, but count the cost first. Christ won your Salvation and forgiveness by God by going to the Cross and dying there. And you become His by accepting the Cross too, whatever form it takes in your individual life. The Cross is denying yourself for the sake of Christ and others. But it is a small price to pay, indeed, for all that you and I gain by following the Lord! Whatever we give up, or suffer, it is miniscule, not worth mentioning, even rubbish Paul said, compared with the eternal worth of Christ which we gain by His free gift.
VIDEO/DVD ON JEWISH TEMPLE AVAILABLE: Vision Video has many wonderful videos to show you the history and the
chief places of the Bible. Among them is the video on the Jewish Temple (starting with Solomon's). This package includes five items and a DVD. The cost is $79, marked down from $129.00, certainly a wonderful gift at Christmas or any time, not just for others but for yourself. Buy it and share it! Give one to a Sunday School or church if you can. Donate one to a library--so that children or young people or even adults can access it who ordinarily cannot go to a church or a
Christian home.
The whole Bible on microfilm, miniaturized, is available in this
beautiful display holder, for a love gift of any amount to Trinity Broadcasting
Newwork, PO Box A, Santa Ana, CA 92711-2101:
THE MESSIANIC BIBLE TEXTS--WHAT ARE THEY?
The Bible's Messianic Texts are thus named because they are extensive and very numerous critical passages in scripture (not a few sporadic verses) that point specifically to the Messiah, Yeshua (Jesus in Latin-English Gentile terminology). Foremost in consideration of these texts, Christ Himself, OUR SUPREME AND MOST AUTHORITATIVE BIBLE EXEGETE, chose it when conducting an informal Bible class with two distraught and troubled disciples who had left Jerusalem just after the crucifixion and were on their way to Emmaus, a village seven miles from the Holy City. This spiritual trek inspired the logo graphic at the top of our home page, and in Judaea in the time of Jesus (see the map) Emmaus is near the bottom, located close by Jerusalem.
"In regard to the Great Book, I have only to say that it is the best Book that God gave to man."
Where is Emmaus? Why is it so significant, Biblically and spirtiually? It was a town or village located just northwest of Jerusalem, seven miles from the Holy City, so look toward the bottom of this map in the highlighted block and you will locate it. Since they were so close, the people of Emmaus could not help but know what was going on in Jerusalem concerning Jesus, His trials, and death on the Cross, as it was no doubt a tiring but still far less than a day's journey on foot, probably a couple hours away from Jerusalem, if you weren't in a big hurry. A man on horseback could probably make the journey in less than an hour, but most people travelling between Jerusalem and Emmaus walked or rode slowly on plodding donkeys.
Welcome to the Emmaus Walk!
Having been in a deceptive, cultic church for years back in the 1980s, I learned some very costly lessons the hard way, which are lately confirmed by Charles Stanley teaching on false teachers. Please go to the section, "Jawbones of Judgment," or "Reality Check" when our comments on
how to identify false teachers in the churches and in ministries and so-called "revivals" held in huge auditoriums or outdoor arenas or on Christian TV come on-line. Masses today are being swept into the nets of false teachers, and some are more apparent than others, but all are deceptive and unBiblical, and, thus, can be identified when subjected to the principles and truths of the Bible.--Editor
The following document represents the last time the U.S. Congress had enough integrity and the sense to acknowledge publicly in law the truth that the Bible, the only authorized and absolutely true Word of God bequeathed to us all by the Jews, is the Cornerstone of our nation and people and the Source of America's greatness.
GRATITUDE TO GOD CENTER:
The price of oil and gas has gone down considerably, thanks only to God, and not the Saudi Arabians, the market speculators, presidential nominee candidates, and whoever else is profiteering off the misery and impoverishment of millions of people.
Course Articles are now listed in the new "Course Articles Center" page:
The course article on Exodus was deleted by mistake, but we are searching for it and will have it back on-line as soon as we can.
Ten Required Subject Courses (plus six elective courses) are now on-line. Questions are being appended to those subjects and courses, so please return for them.
Required Subjects:
1. Christian Education
2. Prayer
3. Holy Spirit
4. Biblical Science
5. Foundational Principles
6. Witnessing (includes Apologetics) and Discipleship
7. Types of Christ (OT)
8. Bible Covenants/Israel/Bible Atlas
9. Christian Hope and Character
10. The Prophetic Calling
Electives (this is a partial list):
1. and 2. Christology (based on Christology book offered on this page)
3. Intro. to Hebrew (Zola Levitt book, information how to order it offered on this page)
3. Intro. to Greek
4. "Messianic Prophecy" Course by Zola Levitt (information on it and how to order it on this page)
5. History of the Cradle of Judaism and Christianity, the Middle East, as well as
the history of Islam and some of the other anti-Christ cults and atheistic philosophies and environment, secularist, and animal activist moveents (including Darwinism) affecting Christianity significantly.
At long last, questions are being appended to each article, which is the most practical way to provide quizzes and tests, I have discovered. 10 T/F questions are now on-line for "Part III, Christ's Prayers, and Ours," by Mrs. Bernice Schaefer (the late Mrs. Schaefer is Ronald Ginther's beloved aunt, who was the wife of a Bible scholar and was very active as a leader in church and prayer meetings for her whole adult life, so she knew her subject, effectual or "direct line to God" prayer.
CANDIDACY/GRADUATION CENTER:
Zola Levitt Ministries offers 12 courses in the Institute of Jewish-Christian Studies. These courses are all excellent, since Zola Levitt was no small authority on the Bible and Jewish studies (and he enlisted a number of experts and authorities in
Bible scholarship as well), so you may want to do most of them, or all, but the course, "Messianic Prophecy," is one in particular that you might want to do in order to satisfy an elective requirement in the Emmaus Walk. ZLM will charge you $49 for this one course, or something close to that amount. You can find out about this Institute by going to ZLM:
"BIBLE READING/MEDITATION CENTER"
A Reading Through the Bible guide is also available at the back of "Light For My Path," Illuminating Selections from the Bible, by Humble Creek Press. See the details below on this page.
Some Bible Resources:
"The Bible, The Whole Story," is now on DVD. "Seven major doctrines of Scripture are explained in Zola's clear and informative style. The Bible is covered from Genesis to Revelation. A useful teaching tool for beginner and expert alike."--from the "New and Updated from ZLM" catalog list. In this book Zola Levitt teaches about the Abrahamic Covenant, The Law, Prophecy, The Messiah--Why Jesus of
Nazareth?, Grace--the Gift of Absolute Forgiveness, The Church, and the Kingdom (the future thousand-year reign of Christ on Earth). Please contact Zola Levitt Ministries for this DVD. It is #DBWS, $39, for 2 DVDs.
Bible Lists by H.L. Wilmington (Published by the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association) is a book that you will want to have on your desk or in your book shelf for
reference. It is fascinating, and contains over 6,000 items
Every category, every subject, is given texts and is itemized alphabetically from Abominations to God to Worship of God. If the subject is not in the alphabet, it
can't be found in this book, which is highly unlikely. See for yourself. It can
answer a lot of questions and save you hours searching and not finding what you are
wanting to locate in the Bible. Just go to the subject item in the book, using the
table of contents, and there it will probably be!"
For one elective credit for the Emmaus Walk:
"Messianic Christology" is a "must-read" for all Bible students. It will give you information you won't find most everywhere else--and from a Jewish perspective too, which can open windows of insight and illumination that Gentile sources have no access to, unless by quoting Jewish sources.
Read and do a review of this absolutely terrific book, and you have your Christology
requirement for the Emmaus Walk degree certificate half taken care of. I cannot draw from it here, as it is copyrighted, but
the material is excellent, and the appendices are also wonderful, every word of them, so don't stop reading when you come to them!--Founder of Emmaus Walk
Another Bible resource:
RECOMMENDED CHRISTIAN BOOKS LIST:
There are far, far too many books being published. They are mostly
potboilers, fluff, and author and ministry-boosters. Rubbish, they are best used to line the trash cans with. First of all, would you read the Bible? This is THE BOOK for all Christians, not anything else. The other books are just that: "other books." Our sole authoritative book or battle primer is the Bible, the Word of God. There is none other Word of God authorized by God. But as for "helps," there are many that are useful, but only as helps or information or references or sources of additional information regarding the Bible.
John Gilman founded Dayspring International, which later joined with Operation Mobilization, an evangelistic mission in India. The film, Oceans of Mercy, has
been shown to over 100 million people in India in the last two decades, and John Gilman tells the story how this film was acquired by him through miracles of God's
provision and guidance. This little book is a most exciting experience, and will help
build your faith for great miracles in your own life as well--for John Gilman is
just an ordinary man with a faith in an extraordinary God. Over ten million people have
come to Christ through the film his ministry is showing in countless villages throughout India today, brought there by van, bicycle, even on foot through the most impassable
places in mountains and jungles and hostile Hindu or Muslim opposition. This is a film produced by Indian actors and an Indian company, and this all-India cast speaks to the Indian people as no other film could do. It portrays Christ in the very setting they know as their home--not as a white man stepping down into a Third World country, but as a man like themselves, dressing like them, speaking like them--for the man in the movie
who portrays Christ is an Indian. This is tremendously effective--for these reasons! There can be
no resistance to an alien Western culture with an alien message. This film speaks directly to the hearts of Indians. You are missing a real treat if you do not get this boo, which is free for the asking at Dayspring International ministries. Just type in John Gilman or Dayspring International in any search engine, and you will access his site.
Book Reviews Center:
GOSPEL TRACT CENTER
Missions Center:
New Tribes Mission has earned the rank of being among the very best in
bringing the Gospel to indigenous people and language groups, next to Wycliffe.
The
New Tribes Mission, which is spread world-wide, has over 3,000 mission workers, and
works to establish indigenous churches led by trained people from those
language and people groups, thus avoiding the Westernization of local churches,
which many times is opposed by the countries involved.
The Embassy of God church in Kiev, Ukraine, is also an example of how to go about missions. Every member is a mission worker, in Pastor Sunday Adelaja's church. Missions are a member's responsibility and calling, it is not left to a special group or board. This puts the action back in the
market place, where the Christian has to go and work and shop, and takes it out of the church pew, where it amounts often to just Christians ministering to other Christians.
Christ took his good news of the kingdom to the streets of Israel, to the lakeshores, to the marketplaces of villages, to the homes of the people. He did not just
preach in the synagogues.
Testimonies of Martyrs Center:
Music Center with original and also added lyrics to famous Christian anthems and songs:
CHRISTIAN ACTIVISM CENTER:
Christians are activists--if you are a Christian, that is. But there is a big difference, as we Christians act for
Christ--and this is no -ism, no philosophy or political agenda energizing us, it is all about
serving Jesus whom we love while we live on this earth, obeying His Great Commission to evangelize the world and be used by the Spirit anyway He directs in the saving of lost souls. Let other people in the world have their -isms and serve them. There are plenty causes that they can support. But we Christians don't serve causes, we serve and obey a Person, Jesus Christ. We really do not even have a religion--we only have Jesus Christ, who is not a religion. Judaism could not hold Jesus Christ, neither can Christianity. Jesus Christ is the head over everything there is--He is alive, reigning, and we are his servants and friends. This perspective, which is the only right one, makes all the difference in the world. This separates us completely from philosophies, religions, and political panaceas.
The trailer and a behind the scenes/production video can be accessed on the Against All Odds web page, with information on how to get the series that is offered for $22 on video.
Also, Levitt Letter, March 2008 issue, carries an excellent review of the docudrama, "Against All Odds," by Sam Goodenough, www.IsraelInsider.com
FRIENDSHIP CENTER WITH MOSLEMS:
There is a place God has prepared for Moslems to follow the Lord Jesus Christ. Once they were roving, desert-living Ishmaelites, and knew the God of Abraham and followed him. Idolatry set in, howver. Later on, they left their polytheism following hundreds of gods and followed the single god Allah, which Mohammed, an Arab from Mecca, prophesied about. God has not forgotten these wayward children of Abraham! They are dear to his heart. They are also blessed according to the blessing of Abraham upon Ishmael his son. "Egypt My People," the Lord calls Egypt, in the book of Isaiah. Egypt, and the other Arab and Moslem countries, may not know the God of Abraham now, having been given Allah and Mohammed to follow, but the Lord has not forgotten them, and wants to save them. According to the article described below, the Somali (99.96% Moslem, are coming to know Jesus, Yeshua, as their true Lord and Savior, though they have to meet in secret to worship Jesus.
Somalia, an African nation without a government, is featured in "Today's Christian" Magazine, May/June 2008 issue. Quoting Reuters news service, the article "Christians Must Be Killed," by Jerry Dykstra in his Persecution Report, goes: "All Somali Christians must be killed according to Islamic law (Shariah) A Muslim can never become a Christian, but he can become an apostate. Such people do not have a place in Somalia; we will never recognize their existence, and we will slaughter him."--a Somali sheikh, quoted by Reuters
New Service several years ago.
"A Moslem can never become a Christian"? That declaration would seem an epitaph for Christian faith in Somalia, but Jesus, Lord of all the Earth, cannot be kept out by an mere man. He is the One who walks through walls, remember? He also goes in the form of the Word of God, preached by his ministers, and in books and literature and Gospel programs on TV or on radio. Jesus is getting in to Somalia! Still, there is much opposition, and Christians are being killed in Somalia for their faith, but let us pray that the Christians there remain strong in faith, and that other
Somali come to know Jesus as their personal Lord and Savior. Prayer changes things!
AMERICA'S RE-EDUCATION CENTER:
On the very top of our capital's highest monument is this noble Latin inscription, "Laus Deo," which is, "Glory to God." This inscription defies the agenda of the secularists and the atheists who are attempting to make America a secular state, ruled only by the gods of
Darwinism, materialism, and humanism. The moment it is removed, there will be no America left to save.
Why does America need re-education?
As David Barton (who has the apt name of a giant-slaying David!) points out in his new book, "Original Intent," the so-called "doctrine of separation of church and state" IS NOT IN THE CONSTITUTION. REPEAT: THE SO-CALLED DOCTRINE OF THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IS NOT IN THE CONSTITUTION!
Godless, secular courts in America are even now deciding whether "In God We Trust" will be removed from our paper currency, even while "One Nation under God"
is also under attack and review by courts where it appears in the Pledge of Allegiance. What is the history of this godly motto?
Matthew Rothert was disturbed one day seeing that we had "In God We Trust" on our currency but not on our dollar bills. That told him we trusted him for a few cents. What did he do? Complain? No, he did something. He
acted on his faith God was leading him to do something about it, and today we have "In God We Trust" on our dollar bills too! One man can change the world significantly for the good--as Rothert proved. Read about the man behind this motto, and how early on an atheist tried to stop him and was defeated when the Supreme Court refused to hear her
godless, anti-Christian case against "In God We Trust."
REVIVAL CENTER
We will have no revival in America without prayer. All the praise in the world will not bring a national revival, a complete turning back to God by the American people, which includes us individually!
"Who knows what God might do if His people began to PRAY FERVENTLY for spiritual revival? Perhaps one reason Satan has gained such a hold on so many lives is because we don't pray enough."--Bill Graham.
"Lord, I have heard of your fame; I stand in awe of your deeds, O Lord. Renew them in our day, in our time make them known; in wrath remember mercy."--Habakkuk 3:2.--from
Billy Graham Association.
TRANSFORMING
OUR NATION
ONE PRAYER
AT A TIME
Please pray for our nation's vulnerable youth, including young people you know personally, that God will raise up a generation of young men and women to stand boldly for Jesus Christ.
Pray for our nation's leaders, including government and business leaders in your own city and state, that God will direct their decisions and through them influence the nation.
Pray for our nation's pastors, including your own pastor, that God would give them a shepherd's heart and empower them with zeal and boldness to delcare the truth of God's Word.
Pray for people around you who need Jesus.--BGEA
My article, "America is an Oligarchy," is offered to you again to call us Americans to repentance and prayer and even fasting. We must do all three, in heart-felt sincerity, or we will be destroyed. The clock is ticking down to our last moments as a nation. It is our time to decide, whether we serve God or "lesser gods." Lesser gods will never save us, but God still can--if we turn back to Him now.
INFANTICIDE/GENOCIDE CENTER:
A NATION BASED UPON INFANTICIDE ON DEMAND WILL NOT STAND, IT WILL CERTAINLY FALL AND BE DESTROYED! WHEN WILL AMERICA'S BLACK PEOPLE WAKE UP TO THE GENOCIDE BEING WAGED AGAINST THEM FOR THE SAKE OF PROFITS AND LIBERAL POLITICS AND POWER-CRAZED WASHINGTON ELITES?
WOMEN'S CENTER:
To illustrate the sad fact that the truly deserving do not receive the world's highest awards, we feature the story of Irena Sendler, the German heroine who during World War II saved 2,500 Jewish children and babies from extermination in the Warsaw Ghetto
by the Nazis serving that satanic beast and mass murderer, Adolf Hitler. It cost her a lot, however. They caught her eventually, broke both her arms and both her legs, beat her severely, then dragged her off to be shot, but her would-be executioners were bribed, and she was left lying in the snow. Miraculously, she was rescued and her life saved, and Irena Sendler lived until May, 2008, dying at age 98, after she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. The price was not awarded to her, who truly deserved it if anybody did, while she lived. The inflated Olympians of the Swedish
Academy passed her over and
Nobel Peace Prize went instead to Al Gore for his slide show on Global Warming!
Was it any different for Christ? Surely, He was worthy of all honor and worship here on earth by His people (not to mention, all people of the world he created), but "His own received him not!"
Some of the greatest saints in the Bible were women, as you should know, and very often the greatest men had women even greater in spiritual maturity standing in their shadow supporting them in their work for the Lord! Women's Aglow is one women's group that is fanning the flames of a Holy Spirit renewal and revival across this nation and the world. My mother goes regularly to a local chapter and is richly blessed, with prayer and intercession and even prophecy!
Every Christian woman who is truly committed to the Lord and His kingdom ought to seek this group out, and be a part. Aglow is international, and the international conference is being held this year:
Bible Greats, as Portrayed by Eben:3>
Christian Greats, as Protrayed by Eben (including the piece about Rev. Jerry Falwell, the brave evangelical Christian leader who kicked the churches, kicking and screaming, back into the public arena where the church belongs, reaffirming the historic, fundamental Christian faith as a marketplace faith):
RESURRECTION CENTER:
Earth is consigned, doomed, to sin and death and destruction. That is reality, and nobody can change it. It is an irreversible process, started in the sinning of our First Parents in the Garden of Eden thousands of years ago. Earth cannot be saved by environmentalism or even the scientists and government leaders working together, but souls can be saved. Because of Christ's salvation, won for us by His death on the Cross, we received the hope of resurrection. Our bodies shall die, but we shall be raised to life again, and live eternally. Christ himself was first resurrected in his resurrection body. We shall also receive resurrection bodies that will never die. And heaven and earth will fade and be replaced with a new heaven and earth--they too will be given new life eternal! The only thing that will not be changed or reformed is the Word of God, which will never change or fade even though heaven and earth pass away.
In the shadow of the Cross, there springs life eternal!
The Crucified and Risen Jesus is the Way..."I am the Way..." Jesus said, John 14:6. Multitudes
are standing in the valley of decision regarding Jesus' declaration about Himself and his role on Earth. Jesus is the Way?
No one else could state this, unless he were the Anti-Christ, the Beast prophesied of in Revelation. Jesus proved that He was the Way, in all he did and said, and chiefly by his
sacrificial death, laying down his life on the Chross for our sake and our salvation.
No other person did this for us, and it would have done no good if any had, as only the spotless, innocent, utterly sinless Son of God's death on the Cross bought us the forgiveness of God and expedited our salvation and eternal life. You don't have much time to decide if He truly is the Way or not; as nobody can count on tomorrow, you only have this day, and maybe not even that, maybe just this hour, or maybe just ten minutes from the time you read this. "Now is the day of salvation," warns the Bible. It doesn't say tomorrow, or even an hour from now. It says NOW AND MEANS NOW. So choose the Way, which Jesus is--you will not be disappointed, as He gives us all good and lasting things,
from salvation, fellowship with Him and the saints, and eternal life with the Father in heaven. The Way is life and leads to life eternal--the other ways lead to death and destruction. So choose!
Big Bad Wolf Business Center:
Oprah and Dr. Phil certainly comprise one of the most ungodly, blasphemous entertainment shows on TV. They stir in all sort of "good things" to sweeten the brew, but the brew is heavily laced with itchcraft, hedonism, materialism, anti-Americanism, anti-morality, homosexuality, same sex unions, self-ism, New Age Religion, profanity, SEX, SEX, SEX--you can name it, it is probably championed on these two shows, which are really one show, as Dr. Phil is a spin-off off Oprah's (though he owns his show now). Dr. Phil boasts that he is celebrating his 1000th show, his ten year anniversary with Oprah's backing, today, Aug. 11. This is not a day of rejoicing, it is a day of infamy, in God's reckoning, for Dr. Phil is a champion of unrighteousness, not righteousness, as his own profane tongue constantly testifies. May God stop the mouths of liars, as his Psalms
state. May God be true and every man be a liar. For all their wealth, popularity, and jammed studio audiences, they are liars, for they consistently weigh in against the Bible and the standard of righteousness in the Ten Commandments. Shame on them! Shame on the Americans who watch them and support these two. They have enmeshed the entire nation in their nets of seduction, for their own gain, for they are reaping hundreds of millions for their personal fortunes, rather than devoting it to the propagation of the Gospel. I pray, for the sake of the millions they have deceived and exploited, that they will be completely exposed. I pray for their souls as well, which remain precious to the Lord who died on the Cross to set them free from their carnality and sin. I grieve for them and the millions they have misled, and the millions of others now in hell due to their shows.
EXAMPLE OF A GODLY BUSINESS:
In great contrast to Microsoft, Zion Oil and Gas Company, headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is currently offering shares of its stock, at $10 a share,
in $1000 lots. This company is the only one of its kind, a truly Christian company,
seeking to find and develop the immense oil reserves under the northwestern part of
Israel, in the tribal territories of Joseph's two tribes. Zion Oil and Gas Company has just hosted the Christians United for Israel conference in Washington, D.C, which was aired on Daystar, to a world-wide audience. Please pray for the success of this venture in Israel, as this company's leaders seek to bless Israel with the absolutely vital discovery of the immense treasures hidden beneath the earth in Israel, that will help insure it will have the energy its needs to expand into a world-class economy, able to meet all the challenges of the hostile superrich oil shiekdoms and dictatorships surrounding Israel. We too in America will benefit, as the oil of Israel
could help wean us off the oil of the Muslim nations, much of which is sold to us and at the same time going to fund Al Qaida and Iranian-Hezbollah-Hamas
terrorism against us. To keep both Israel and our own country strong, oil is
necessary--but terrorist-free oil. We cannot afford the economic blackmail
of Saudi Arabia, Iran, the Emirates, and other oil-producing Muslim countries, which is costing our shaky economy 700 billion a year, and the cost is rising daily.
Go to the website for contact information:
The news is breaking nationally, finally, about the great new oil rush in America, centered on the Bakken Oil Field (discovered in the 1950s, but not viable then with oil at 10 bucks a barrell to develop, since it took a more expensive type of drilling to recover the oil), which covers huge tracts of western South Dakota, western North Dakota, and part of eastern Montana. The Williston area is also involved in rapid oil exploration, and already oil has been found and is being pumped in eastern Montana. Stanley, North Dakota, serving as the epicenter of the Bakken Field presently, is already booming, as oil wells come on-line at increasing rates amidst the canola fields. The town already is calling out for many trained people of all kinds. It was lately a stagnant small town (one blink of an eye, a resident said, and you would miss it when travelling on the road), barely hanging on with 1,200 people, with only agriculture its mainstay, but now it is an oil rich center of
an oil bonanza that is going to transform the whole of this once marginal,
economically depressed area. Farmers and ranchers in Stanley are going to be millionaires soon, they all know, but the important thing is that America is shown to have plenty of domestic oil--this will prove it. We do not need massive outlays for development of alternative energy sources such as windpower and solar power, which will not do the job anyway, not for decades anyway, like oil still can. Thank God for oil! It is a blessing He created for us to use to enhance our lives--as long as we give credit to Him, the Giver.
A very easy format to follow, the Prayer Journal can be
made by simply following this example, using lined paper in a notebook for convenience:
"Little prayer, little power, more prayer, more power, much prayer, much power"--quote from Pastor John Hagee's mother, who is a woman of powerful prayer at age 95.
ENGLISH LITERATURE HERITAGE CENTER:
Want to know where you are, and how you are doing, on the pilgrimage to heaven and the Celestial City? Of course, this is assuming you have set out on the pilgrimage (as most people choose to stay in the City of Destruction). But let us assume the best, that you have shaken off the ridicule and the rejection and the laughter of your friends and maybe even your family, when you choose to seek God instead of the pleasures of this passing world. This book will identify the various landmarks you will encounter along the way, and the kinds of people you will meet from start to finish who will either help or hinder you. Read it at least once--since it is a kind of spiritual roadmap, a visual one, of your pilgrimage, which is better than any other of its kind for
giving you the information to make it to your destination.
John Bunyan's magnificent, thrilling, allegorical classic, PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, Journey to Heaven, is now available in
a modern dramatized format, from the media productions of John Hagee ministries, and you can order it for yourself, your family, your church or your Bible study class for $22 and include $5
shipping and handling cost. You may use the book's order number: K435.
John Bunyan was a humble man of faith imprisoned because he was simply a devout Christian man believing in the Lord Jesus for salvation. That was enough to land
anyone in prison in his time! Instead of giving up, and blaming the Lord for his misery, he sat down and wrote this masterpiece while suffering the
filth and intolerable conditions of prison life as a common criminal (which he was not). He turned the darkness of that
suffering and those humiliating conditions of bondage into mountains of shining gold, by choosing not to
despair and blame God but to believe that his great, merciful God would turn evil into something good--and God did! Published, this book of Bunyan's rapidly became a bestseller world-wide, and has sold more copies than any book except the Bible itself!
DUNCES OF THE WORLD CENTER:
The entire Swedish Academy (the "august" body of Swedish scientists, eminent socialites, educators, philantropists, business magnates and wealthy people who chose the
Nobel Prize winners) has demonstrated itself repeatedly now to be a group of dunces. They awarded Yassir Arafat the Peace Prize. I do believe the guilt compex of the founder of the
Nobel Prizes, Alfred
Nobel the Swedish industrialist and creator of the process that makes nitroglycerin
stable enough to use in dynamite and other explosives, has infected the entire
governmental and intellectual community of Sweden. Otherwise, how can the lunacy of the Swedish Academy be understood and explained? Imagine, putting the likes of Yassir Arafat alongside of the Israeli prime minister--as if they were equals, morally, in the peace process in the Middle East! That is what they did. I have watched on TBN former Israeli Prime Minister Perez interviewed by Benny Hinn (and Benny Hinn's questions were excellent), but I am not convinced by all Mr. Peres's statements that
it was not the greatest outrage against Israel the Swedish Academy and the Nobel Prize committee every perpetrated.
Common sense recoils at such pairings. Oil and water do not mix--unless, perhaps, the "oil" is not really oil, and the "water" is not really water--that is, they are essentially the same element, under the surface. I do see Peres and Arafat as
men of the world--and the world-views were not essentially antithetical--they could be
joined, if the politics of the moment suited that arrangement. Yet unions with Egypt, for temporary political advantages, were never permitted by Israel by God. Peres, of course, despite all his lofty talk about the value of the Bible to Ben Gurion and the state of Israel in its founding, was not following the words of the prophets, which he also spoke so highly about. They would have been unaminous in condeming his unrighteous
compromises and liaisons forged with Arafat (which quickly fell apart, by the way, as Arafat broke the Oslo Accords and went back to committing terrorist acts against Israel with his PLO thugs).
What is more dangerous to the free nation of Israel--its enemies or its own leaders? I would say, its own leaders. Thank God that Prime Minister Omert (who proved himself incompetent to lead the nation into a war against Hezbollah, and while that was going on had been hiding the fact he was accepting numerous cash gifts from an American, which were not lawful for him to receive while in office) has resigned. There is now greater hope for Israel. Harlotry, which can be political, is not permitted God's only nation on earth, Israel. It never was permitted, and it never will be permitted. Israel will always pay dearly if it plays harlot with the nations of the world and even its sworn enemies in order to gain some temporary advantage, instead of depending wholly on God.
The whole Old Testament shows that Israel's greatest downfall, after worshipping heathen gods, was playing harlot with the neighboring heathen nations, adopting their heathen ways and forming political alliances with them that God hated and never, never once sanctioned (his prophets constantly inveighed against such entanglements, which were clear signs that Israel's heart was turned, deep in sin, away from God).
RECOMMENDED MAGAZINES AND NEWSLETTERS:
The Levitt Letter continues, issue after issue, to compile news and commentaries from the best websites and papers and magazines, so that I cannot put the "letter" down until I have read it cover to cover! The cartoons are the best you can find, too.
This rather startling Eurovision issue portrays the abandoned Fort Knox like capitol building of the PLO of Yassir Arafat (which few Americans have ever seen), which the bloody old robber baron and his forty thieves vacated in great haste, as they fled like rats from a sinking ship to Gaza to set up his terrorist operation there in past days; yet it remains as a reminder of the continued Palestinian terrorists' pressure on Washington to grab a piece, diplomatically or by outright war, of Israel's eternal capital, which the Bible calls the City of God:
Still faithfully obeying the Great Commission given us all, Gentiles and Jewish believers, by Yeshua the Messiah, Jews for Jesus is a ministry that does not care what the secularist world and even many evangelical churches think of its ministry to the Jews first (in obedience to the Lord):
Decision Magazine for July-August 2008 is mostly devoted to China, its Christians and the problems and challenges they face:
Note on this special China issue: Decision Magazine takes a more moderate position toward China's
government's treatment of Christians, though it is hard to tell exactly what the view of the Billy Graham Association under Franklin Graham is regarding persecution of Christians and how much association the BGEA thinks is desirable between a Commmunist Government and churches. It tends to leave that question up to the reader, though the Association has chosen, it seems, a soft glove approach with the high Communist religious authorities for the sake of gaining acceptance in China (it already has Amity Publishing House in China publishing millions of Bibles). Despite the wisdom of this ever-yielding approach, I still have my reservations regarding the the true nature of this Communist Government, as it has historically
been known for taking extreme turns in policy, with conciliation one day, brutal repression the next. There may be a warming now toward the churches, even the underground churches at least in the intent of some leaders, and as their amended Constitution reflects in regard to religion can play some positive role in Chinese society--but that warming could, under a characteristic, radical change of Government viewpoint, turn as cold as Arctic ice. The Chinese communist state has a smiling face at present (and seeks eagerly to promote that
smiling face to the watching world), but the animal behind the smiling human face is still a dragon--and we should know that a dragon can never be trusted, though in China dragons
are held to be symbols of good fortune, which is hardly a Christian view.
For an overview of the Dragon of China vis a vis America, see my article:
The cover of the Salvation Army WAR CRY (April 12, 2008) is based on an actual incident. A little girl was
running across a lawn with other children, but she paused, and this scene was captured in
a photo, showing her expression as she felt suddenly embraced by heavenly arms, perhaps of an angel, or even the Lord himself! Have you ever received a heavenly hug like that? The Lord wants to give you one, right now. Receive it! He loved you so much, he actually died for you, suffering every pain and agony known to man, and many not known to us too--so that he could save his beloved--YOU!
Presided over by Executive Editor Elwood McQuaid, Israel My Glory Magazine is devoted to defining the 70th Week in the July-August 2008 issue:
You can sign up for receiving Dr. Reagan and Lamb/Lion Ministry's Lamplighter Magazine FREE via your email or the printed version. Go to the Lamb/ Lion website and sign up, or first check out this latest issue (perhaps its most exciting issue so far), which features Israel's 60th Anniversary of its truly miraculous founding as a nation in 1948 in which our own President Harry Truman played a major role. The latest issue is also thought provoking, as it deals with a false teacher at Lakeland, Florida (see Dr. Charles Stanley's cogent words on false religious teachers, given below in the Heresy Center).
The Summer Issue of Anchored Magazine of Worcester, England, has brain-teasing word games, articles about how many modern inventions were first operated by insects and the story of the discoverer of anesthesia, and encouraging poetry, and various colorful, anecdotal experiences that point to a Bible truth to help you stand up as a Christian or be strengthened in your spiritual walk,
all rendered with just the right touches of wisdom and humor, and Monthly Meditationss, July to September scriptures for the coming days on the
end cover as well.
HERESY CENTER:
Dr. Charles Stanley, the internationally respected Southern Baptist church leader and founder of Intouch Ministries, recently taught these excellent
principles on his television broadcast, on how to identify false teachers in church
circles:
1. they aim at control over people and their lives
2. they often demand you separate from friends, family, other churches
3. they do not use the Bible, or use it rarely, substituting their own dreams and visions and "revelations", as if they stand between you and God as intermediator of divine truth
4. they emphasize worship over solid Bible teaching and preaching
5. they emphasize "promises," and constantly declare, "God said this to me," or "God showed me this!"
6. they indoctrinate
7. they brainwash
8. they ultimately pitch people into disillusionment and discouragement--which is Satan's whole aim, to discourage you to give up following the Lord as impossible or
not for you, since you were taken advantage of by someone you greatly admired as your
pastor or teacher.
Dr. Charles Stanley also taught how to stay on track with God:
have Bible-based, trustworthy teachers, whose lives show agreement with
what they preach and teach.
The above checklists by Dr. Charles Stanley works! I have used them, and have identified false teachers, without any difficulty. The following Bible scriptures describe the deceptive, exploitive leaders Judah and Israel was afflicted with in times past, but they are also descriptive of present "misleaders," which we currently have in government and the misinformation they constantly spew forth to deceive the mass of Americans to follow them and vote for them:
"The misled and the misleader belong to Him. (God rules even over the misdirected masses and the leaders who are leading us all astray!)
He makes counselors walk barefoot,
and makes fools of judges.
He loosens the bonds of kings,
and binds their loins with a girdle [such as Saddam Hussain, as he was led shackled into a courtroom for his trial and death sentence later on].
He makes priests walk barefoot,
and overthrows the secure ones.
He deprives the trusted ones of speech
[just as God deprived the shamelessly reprobate and lapsed Catholic Sen. Ted Kennedy of his speaking ability, which, despite his own Pope's condemnation of abortion and same sex marriage and homosexuality, he has always used in Congress for assaulting the Bible and attacking morality, marriage, religious liberty and the traditional family, as I had prayed recently--Ed.]
and takes away the discernment of the elders.
He pours contempt on nobles,
and loosens the belt of the strong.
He reveals mysteries from the darkness,
and brings the deep darkness into light.
He makes the nations great,
then destroys them [take this to heart, O "Great" Superpower America!].
He enlarges the nations,
then leads them away.
He deprives of intelligence the chiefs of the earth's peoples [O United Nations and G-7 Conference Nations and WTO leaders and the governing world elites!],
and makes them wander in a pathless waste.
They grope in darkness with no light,
and He makes them stagger like a drunken man."--Job 12:16b-25.
In the coming elections, please vote your Christian beliefs and your conscience--anything less will get you someone who will exploit you, just for the carrot he dangled in front of your nose in order to get your vote and get into power!
These valuable messages of Stuart Maxwell Hawkins' will furnish one or more of the six elective subjects as they come on-line with study questions or quizzes.
Stuart Maxwell Hawkins's message, "Forgive Me," is now on-line, and will also carry Study Questions soon.
Ladies, why not use incentives on your lackluster husbands? Yes, incentives such as: "You do this, honey, and I'll do this--!"--when dealing with your husband! Try it. It is Biblical, scripturally sound. Look at God's commands, they come with promises. If you do this, says the Lord, then allt these good things will be yours! God always used incentives, plenty of them, when dealing with men, when commanding them to do something. He hardwired men this way. Men we were made to be providers and protectors, so whenever they are asked or commanded something to do, they instinctively have to wonder what there is in it for them if they do it. That isn't wrong. It is the way God made men, so, women, please, don't think it is more spiritual to ask something of your husbad and not to give him or offer him some incentive at the same time. You really get his interest if you do it that way, and your marriage will take off in a wonderful way, if it is dragging at present, or even headed the wrong direction, with you hectoring Hector, and he is responding with silence, mule-like stubbornness, or even looking over the fence at the neighbor's filly lounging by the pool. That can radically change--you can change it too, by treating men like God treated them when God wanted to motivate them. Don't work against the differences, use them! They will help you motivate your low-performing husbands beyond your wildest dreams--well, maybe you ought to entertain some wild dreams first, to prepare yourselves!
The above bit of advice comes to you from "Laugh Your Way to a Better Marriage." Go to the website and see how you can order it:
For principles of Biblical soul winning, Biblically-grounded political activism, and even Biblical business creation, go Pastor Sunday Adelaja's website. He is pastor of the largest church in Europe, if you include Russia and the Ukraine. Pastor of the 20,000 member Embassy of God church in Kiev, Ukraine he has revolutionized the meaning of "church." The old wineskins (the old ways of doing things, according to church and men-created tradition, not the Bible) do not work anymore, and for good reason, they break in the new conditions of the 21st century postmodern world, and the wine pours out and is wasted. It is time for a new skin for new wine, and Pastor Sunday is one of the few who has it right about how to go about this, Biblically. His book, Church Shift, defines his approach.
The following is a story about rejection, rejection, rejection. Do you care? Probably not, unless you have ever been rejected. Because of
that rejection, none of it deserved, a boy became a heartless killer, a Marxist terrorist in Zimbabwe. Go to the website that has Stephen telling his own incredible story and how God intercepted him on a bloody path to nowhere but death. Click on Program Archives and then "Message from Malawi" and click LISTEN for Stephen Lengu's story on how the God of love and grace got hold of this human cannonball of hatred and you will not be disappointed.
REALITY CHECK CENTER:
HOW MUCH BETTER IT IS TO GO THE SECOND MILE! Pat Robertson of CBN just did a special interview with Benny Hinn regarding Senator Grassley of Iowa's investigation into a number of televangelist ministries, among them Hinn's, Joyce Meyer, Paul and Randy White, Creflo Dollar, and Bishop Eddie Long, and one other whose name constantly escapes me (his blond wife is a fashion plate even on their ranch while taping "Bible studies" with
useful Bible expositors), and he maintains a stable of thoroughbred jets on his "ranch" he bought from his own church (nice "ranch" if you can get it). And why Mike Murdoch (who is continually appearing on DAYSTAR) is not on Senator Grassley's list, I have no idea, but perhaps he will be, given time.
Joyce Meyer and Benny Hinn, of the group, passed with flying colors in transparency, giving the senator and his people everything he wanted to know and look at, answering every question about their ministries and even their personal living expenses and properties. Senator Grassley, responding to many complaints about the alleged extravagances of televangelists (which disturbs me as well, since I fail to see Billy Graham living and spending extravagantly), initiated the investigation on his own, even though he is no longer chairman of the committee that looks into possible IRS tax evasions, that is to say, possible breaking of the law regarding tax-exempt, non-profit organizations and churches and ministries. Benny Hinn had already been audited and been given a clean bill of health by the IRS, so Senator Grassley's investigation of him was clearly redundant. Benny Hinn could have refused to cooperate and been well within his rights, but the Lord spoke strongly to him, he said to Pat Robertson, to cooperate with Senator Grassley or in a short time there would be no ministry. Hinn's high paid lawyers, brought in to deal with this challenge, all advised that he ignore Senator Grassley, but Hinn chose God's word over their expert legal advice, and he has been exonerated again, this second time by Senator Grassley, who has declared Hinn above board in his ministry's handling of finances. Joyce Meyer too has received the same clean bill of financial health by Senator Grassley. The others, no. They did not
give full cooperation, and Senator Grassley was not satisfied by their outright refusals to cooperate in some cases (such as Creflo Dollar), or partial and incomplete
cooperation answering his questions and requests for information by the others (Paula and Randy White). They are subsequently left under a cloud, but Hinn and Meyer are free to go on, because they chose to go the second mile, as Christ commanded us, with a man who requested it.
Do you know what that "second mile" used to mean? Roman soldiers, travelling with their kit and weapons along the Roman roads of Judaea, often grabbed the nearest Jewish man and made him carry his heavy baggage for a mile (which was all that he could legally
demand of a native subject in the Roman Empire). But some soldiers were cruel bullies and demanded that the Jewish man carry the baggage an additional mile (which would really exhaust him). Jesus said for us to go the second mile without complaint--just do it, rather than sputter and put up a fight for our rights. Hinn had to spend 8 million dollars on lawyers dealing with the investigation, and regrets that amount, but he does not regret doing what the Lord asked of him, to go the second mile with Senator Grassley, after previously going the first mile with the IRS auditors. Wise? Yes!
Now Joyce Meyer, who did the same thing, and Benny Hinn can go on with their
ministering, with out apprehension, and we applaud them. They showed true leadership to the others of their rank. Soon we shall see how this plays out with the other ministries who chose, evidently, to follow their lawyers' advice and to do things not according to the Lord's own command. It may cost them dearly.
Even saying this for them, I do not personally agree with the cushy perks and "compensations" that these televangelists
sometimes receive, nor do I understand the multiple palatial homes and limos, and even if the jets enable Hinn, for example, to fly off his scheduled flight pattern to minister to a sick head of state who calls him (something he could never do if he flew commercial and still do his ministry), why a jetport, hangars, and runways attached to a ranch, as another jet-set ministry head seems to think he has a right to add to his portfolio? Why not park hbis ministry's jet(s) at a commercial airport? Yet I am pleased with Benny Hinn and Joyce Meyer going the second mile with Senator Grassley's investigative group, even though they had every legal right to refuse to cooperate. That showed true wisdom, and also the spirit of Christ. It is a good example to us all!
Use this fan to cool yourself in the heat, and you are automatically Han Chinese? Not so! A thousand Chinese fans won't change a person's race. The absurdity is apparent. But not so when "Christian" magazines and revered names in evangelicalism are concerned when they take up unChristian positions on issues.
Therefore, we should not automatically believe everything in a magazine that calls itself Christian or even was founded, in the parent company magazine, by an evangelical luminary, in this case we are now citing, Dr. Nelson Bell of CHRISTIANITY TODAY. CHRISTIANITY TODAY magazine (which was founded by Billy Graham's father-in-law,
Nelson Bell, the famed doctor and missionary to China, father to Ruth Bell Graham, wife of Billy Graham, is one of the evangelical magazines that has come out for pressing Israel to give up land for peace, as though Israel were the problem in the Middle East, not the terrorists who hate the God of Israel and want to eradicate the Jewish people. One of their subsidiary magazines is "Today's Christian," a user-friendly, cheerful, upbeat, positive-thinking, pocket-sized Guideposts-type
magazine headed by Interim Editor, Mark Moring. The founder is Kenneth
N. Taylor. Stating on the cover that it is about "People of Faith. Stories of Hope," it contains subtle errors or blindness to the facts concerning Christians in China, as well as some prejudices that are not so subtle. Three articles in particular, "China's Growing Church," by Rob Moll, and "The Gospel at the Games," by Lisa Parro, deal with China and its Christians. There is a third, "Beijing Bound," by Mark Moring, which we will not deal with.
The whole thesis of the first article is that it is better to work with the Communist government; you can still be a practicing, Bible-centered church and
faithful believers in Christ though you are working with the Communist government. This is simply untrue and misleading. Let me quote Rob Moll on page 22 of his article: "Today, China's growing churches are in the country's massive cities...Rather than hide from authorities, China's third church--as these unregistered, urban congregations are often called--seeks to work with government officials. And surprisingly, these officials are usually quite accommodating.
"While persecution and human rights abuses are by no means absent from China [sic], as the recent uprising in Tibet illustrates, the urban church is seeking to work with the government in a constructive, non-combative way. Many Christians believe that the official government church, overseen by the state, is too compromised. But the "underground" church is too antagonistic [sic]. The urban church hopes to cooperate with the government, assuring officials that allowing Christians to freely operate is good for Chinese society. In return, they hope the government will allow them to be free from political control."
End of quote!It is a vain hope, as events have already amply shown, Mr. Moll and Mr. Moring. The Chinese Underground Church, which you put in quotes, is not operating underground because it is "antagonistic" to the government, to use your
term (this Communist oligarchic/authoritarian government, which is not legitimate, by the way, but an imposed tyranny that crushed a legitimate, democratic government that preceded it). It is a bitterly persecuted church, driven underground because the government
wants to control and subvert the teaching and preaching in the churches. The Three Self
religious system is the organized, registered, government religious body that comprises all religions. They are administered by the government. What is said and preached and taught is under constant government scrutiny. Government decides who and when there will be baptisms. That is why the majority of Christians in China, to be free, must
refuse government interference and "registration" under the Three Self religious system of the government. Christians, not the ones you quote as being grateful to the Communists for saving them from the war, from starvation, from disease (which the Communists did not do, by the way, for they brought war, they brought starvation, and they brought disease, not to mention massacres of over 60 million Chinese after their takeover in China),
pray for the government leaders; they do not seek to be at enmity with them, they
earnestly desire peace and to be let alone to live peaceably, while following Christ first and foremost. But this cannot be allowed in China, to follow Christ first and foremost. The Communist state is first and foremost, it is atheist, and it is secular. It alone decides what is permissible behavior by Chinese citizens. But the Chinese who are Christians are citizens of a higher state, which is not registered by the Communist governmnt and needs no such registration to be legitimate. These are citizens of heaven, Mr. Moll. Compromised Christians always abound in repressive societies, atheistic, communist societies such as China's. But faithful Christians remain in China, despite the ones you cite as being more admirable than the "antagonistic" underground church members. You are in error and ought to apologize to the Chinese Christians who are even at this moment enduring terrible persecution and suffering for the cause of Christ in China, while praying for their persecutors to be saved and not be punished eternally for their evil acts against innocent Christians.
For true balance, go to reports of the Persecuted Church of China, and let them speak for themselves. As in the case of Brother Yun who wrote "The Heavenly Man," a book concerning this pastor's unspeakable torture at the hands of persecuting Communist jail wardens and authorities, the Chinese Christians can speak for themselves, and have spoken, if you take the trouble to find their reports, since the mainstream media will never air them. VOICE OF THE MARTYRS MAGAZINE, or VOM, founded by Richard Wurmbrand, who was a persecuted Lutheran pastor in Communist Romania and imprisoned and tortured for his faith in Jesus, is also a reputable and fair spokesman for China's persecuted Christians. The ultramodern, glitzy cities of China, for all their advancement toward Western-style toleration and conciliation between Government and Christian churches, are not typical or characteristic of China--despite their sizes and impressive hitech buildings. Despite the showy cities, China is a village still. The rural churches, hiding in caves and shanties in the fields and in the open in forests and wilderness places--these are typical of China's oppressed Christian population. Foreigners from the West, come to view the condition of Christians in China, are shown the cities and their flourishing churches--but these are not at all representative. China is what you see out in the country, not the hitech, neon-blazing city as you see above in the picture of
Nanjing (the former capital of China under
the Kuomintang, the
Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-Shek (and General Chiang Kai-Shek was a Christian in principle, while his wife was a born-again Christian). This is a hard concept for urbanized Westerners and Christians from America used to America's religious freedoms, but it is the basic starting point for understanding the condition of Christians in China regarding their brutal treatment conducted over six decades by the Communist Government authorities.
The Guinness Book of World Records lists China as one of the countries with the biggest and most frequent massacres of innocent people (Russia is next). Genghis Khan and the Mongols came from this same region, which ought to tell you something about the demonic powers and fallen angelic principalities that reside over Eurasia--they are still there, alive and well, with America no doubt heading the list as the next people on their chopping block (Chinese textbooks deal with waging war on America). Economic war can be just as effective, or even more effective sometimes, than hot military war in reducing your enemy down to powerlessless, all without a shot being fired. Totalitarian Communist China right now is waging economic war to becoming the leading economic superpower of the world, with Democratic-Parliamentary India
racing neck and neck with China for the same position, while American leaders
consistenly sell our current technological edge to the Chicoms for short-term economic and political advantages. The numbers weigh against us, however, as Hal Lindsay in his report on Daystar shows us conclusively. With its huge population, China has more honors students than we have students! More higher IQs than we have population! Only with God on our side will we survive and prevail against this juggernaut of Chinese imperialism, and then there will be India to deal with (though India is a far kinder adversary than China will be to us). We are set between a rock and hard place, a vise that will not let us go, and will crush us to nothing, worse than nothing, if we do not turn back to God now. God is calling us, having determined that we will not escape this time, even with all the diplomats and think tankers of the State Department working night and day to
work out a deal with our adversaries in China. We must turn to God in repentance, or there will be no America, no future, no economy, nothing to pass on to even the the present younger generation. Can you see the writing on the wall? It is there: we have been weighed, and found insufficient, below the passing rod or mark ("wanting"). God is calling us--but are we placing God on HOLD? He cannot be put on HOLD.
GOD IS CALLING YOU, ME, AND AMERICA!
See the Cross incongruously poised above Adolf Hitler's head as he exits a church in Germany? His SS troopers also carried crosses, attached to their uniforms! Yes, Adolf Hitler attended church, affecting piety and belief in God whenever it suited his political agenda. Today our leading politicians do the same, and though committed, diehard, anti-Christian secularists, Hillary Clinton, Barak Hussain Obama, and many others in their camp
all tell the American people how important "faith" is to them--uh huh! sure! This claim to have high regard for "faith" is a sinister trait in politicians. So did Hitler espouse Catholicism and the evangelical German Lutheran Church of his time, for his own advancement, of course. How do we know this? We have the photos and his speeches! Later, to prove he was a Christ-hater, he turned on anyone in the churches that expressed dissent, who objected, for instance, when people and clergymen called Hitler the German Messiah, as though he were equal to Christ! He also unleashed the full forces of his Gestapo on any Christians who dared to object to his Messiahship, or protected or spoke out for the Jews too. So much for his affirmation of the "faith community." It was sheer political opportunism and
entirely bogus. Let us Americans not be deceived, like the majority of the German people were deceived by Hitler. And, especially, let us not be deceived to think that
talk equals walk in Christian faith--it will never do that. If these candidates do not walk their talk, and truly belong to Bible believing churches as born-again members and act like it, then they are not Christian, even though they claim to be people of generic "faith." Faith in what, may I ask? Faith in Buddha gets you nothing--or Nirvana, which the Buddhists call their ultimate goal of self-absorption into "Brahma," the great nothing that rules over all and obliterates all self and pain. Faith in Mohammed puts you no better off. Faith in materialistic consumerism, the artifacts of the so-called American Dream, will ultimately turn and consume you (you will be devoured by what you devour). Faith in
anything but Jesus will dehumanize and destroy you--so faith alone is not the way to go. It is only faith in Jesus Christ that leads to fulfilment, happiness, and the eternal destiny planned for you and me by our Creator long before we were even born. Such faith is Biblical, and is proven sound. The Bible says so! I believe the Bible above and before any man. How about you? This will keep me from jumping on the bandwagon of the next "Messiah" coming down the pike, who will surely turn into a monster, just as Hitler did.
After the last election in Germany, and when Hitler was put into power by Hindenburg even though Hitler did not win a majority vote, a Christian, an evangelical lady turned to a friend and whispered, "Do you think we voted for the anti-Christ?" She meant Hitler. It was too late then, of course. She had been fooled, tragically, by Hitler's talk, and did not examine his "walk," his track record, for he had already shown how much he hated the Jews and despised liberty in society. His book, "Mein Kampf" (My Struggle), detailed exactly what he wanted to do to the Jews. But she did not
pay any attention to that, and voted for him. She thought he might be the Messiah for Germany, to raise up Germany to a new glory among the nations--and dismissed any idea that he did not like Jews, when he said clearly he hated them and wanted them completely eradicated from Europe. She voted for the devil, but thought he might be a good thing for the German people and herself. How is she any different from millions of Christians today, mostly black people, who have already declared they are voting for Barak Hussain Obama BECAUSE HE IS BLACK. He promises "CHANGE," and that is good enough for them--they want "CHANGE" too, not thinking that CHANGE could mean utter destruction for them and our entire nation. Hitler promised CHANGE too, but it was utter destruction for Germany and most of Europe. Christians voted for him, blinding themselves in the process. Christians today are blinding themselves, too, in the case of Barak Hussain Obama. He has declared
what he is supporting--abortion on demand, same sex marriage, homosexual parity with
traditional marriage (which actually works to eliminate traditonal marriages), homosexual indoctrination of the children in the grade schools,
the destruction of America's leading role among the nations, the destruction of the free American economy to supplant it with a government-run, socialist economy, and also huge increases in taxes on the working people of America (not just the rich)--but Christians are still going to ignore and dismiss their consciences, even their common sense God gave them, and vote for him en masse. Let them! God will give them over to their lusts--which are their lusts for Barak Hussain Obama's plantation-syle dependence and victimhood, which they think will bring all sorts of government largesse to their doorsteps. God will give them their "Messiah," just as God gave Germany over to their "Messiah," Herr Adolf Hitler. If you want an evil thing badly enough, God will allow you to get it--to teach you a lesson the hard way, since you refused to listen to the Bible and its warnings as well as Bible-based preachers faithfully giving you the unadulterated Word of God.
Our Senate, which is one of the most corrupt and vainglorious legislative bodies on the planet, has given us three presidential contenders, none of whom qualify for moral leadership of a great nation. Barak Hussain Obama, John McCain (and Hillary Clinton might as well be included, even if she is not officially in the running in the presidential race)--their track records tell us exactly how much faith in God they really have, and what they really value or do not value. I have been most concerned by the lack of valid Christian witness of faith in these candidate--but maybe you see something of value I cannot see. Check it out, however, against the only reliable standard we have, the Word of God. Does it check out? If there is one serious character flaw, don't ignore it--such as John McCain's well-known role as a cross-over-party-line "maverick" and his consistent lack of loyalty to his own Republican Party platform while in the Senate (despite his military training). Can I trust myself and my country to a man who acted disloyally, again and again, while in a high public office in Congress? The Bible shows many instances of disloyal
men in government, and the damage they did their nation and people. David's army commander Joab killed Abner, formerly Saul's war chief, against David the King's express order not to touch him. This wanton murder nearly wrecked the reconciliation of the whole nation and split it, so that there would be no united kingdom under David's rule. Satisfying his desire for revenge on an old enemy was more important to Joab than
proving loyal to his king and supreme commander. For this Joab paid later with his life, dragged away in his old age from an altar where he fled for
refuge to be killed like a dog, when he could have retired to his home place in honor to spend his last days with his family in peace. Ignoring character flaws in leaders will come back later and maybe haunt you, if you overlooked it and voted for that candidate against your conscience or against what you knew to be true. Don't you or I follow in the footsteps of that pathetic German lady, an evangelical Christian, who voted for Hitler! We have the information on these candidates--their respective track records--and we have the Bible, so we should be able to make a wise use of our votes, while praying for God for His grace and mercy.
Let Russ Limbaugh and the other astute conservative political pundits (who are not Christians, by the way) do their brilliant analytical commentaries and try to figure out what is transpiring with the campaigns of Obama and McCain--it has just occurred to me that there is only one thing that the coming election (after the nominating conventions) is about. It is simply this: It does not really matter who is President, though it will matter to the world, politically and economically. What really matters is whether we turn to God or not. That is the only important issue in this
presidential race: who is going to be God, who is going to rule over America? I don't know about you, but I have already chosen and cast my vote for the real One True God--and any man, no matter what he promises to do for Americans, is automatically disqualified to take that position. I realize that I live in the real world and still have to vote for a candidate--but I must be assured he is God's choice, not just mine--otherwise I will be walking down the same road, with the mass of people and even many Christians and evangelicals, that pre-World War II Germans walked on their way to the voting booths to vote for Adolf Hitler.
Doesn't this scripture describe what you see in America today? Despite some exceptions, in America there is a worldly, rich, self-indulgent, complacent church that Sunday Adelja, the founder of the largest church in Europe, in Kiev, Ukraine, describes in his book, CHURCH SHIFT, as essentially what Jesus Christ objected to in the Book of Revelation (he said the equivalent of "Pfui!" to us):
Jesus Christ to the Church of Laodicea:
And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans (most American churches) write: These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God: I know thy works, that thou (we the American churches) art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou (we the American churches) art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee (we the American churches) out of my mouth. Because thou sayest, I (we the American churches) am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou (we the American churches) art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire (repentance, commitment, the Gospel of Jesus Christ, a Bibical, godly life and righteous values), that thou mayest be rich and white raiment, that thou (we the American churches) mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eye with eyesalve, that thou (we the American churches) mayest see. As many as I love, I rebuke, and chasten: be zealous therefore, and repent."--Revelation 3:14-19
THE EMMAUS WALK MISSION STATEMENT:
Jesus Christ first, and all the rest will fall into line.
We hold to the truths expressed in the
Nicaean Creed in its entirety! Read it. Believe it. It expresses the pure Gospel of Jesus Christ, and was recognized and approved by the early church council at Nicaea, as the everlasting testimony and proclamation of the Church that the Lord Jesus, the Head of the Church, founded.
Photograph by Ronald Ginther, Walls of Old Nicaea, Iznik, Turkey, 1968--"As I walked on top the war-ruined but still impressive walls, I found a turtle doing the same thing!" These walls do not represent the great event, thankfully, that took place within them--the epochal 4th century church council called by Constantine the Great which ratified, but did not create, the immortal truths of the Gospel enshrined in the
Nicaean Creed. Athanasius spoke against the heresy then current, which would make Christ less than the Father and the Spirit in the Trinity. God cannot be depreciated--but man can think less, and believe heresy, concerning his true nature. Athanasius was successful in rallying the council members of the assembled churches to hold to the truth, that the Father, Spirit, and the Son are co-equal and co-eternal. This great event, along with the Creed, are enough to place old
Nicaea well above Rome and its vainglorious pretensions and claims to be the capital of Christianity, which it truly is not. God already has his city, and He declared it to be Jerusalem, not Rome or any other city. Thank God for
Nicaea and the events that took place there, but we take greatest joy in Jerusalem, the City of God, and will reign with Him from his City in the coming Millennium. How do I know that? The Bible says so! Maranatha!
"An Evangelical Christian is a person who believes from the heart that Jesus Christ is the sole source of salvation through faith in Him (this is not a mere mental assent, such as belief that America is a democracy, which requires nothing but mental assent to be held true), has personal faith and conversion with regeneration by the Holy Spirit, recognizes the inspired word of God as the only basis for faith and Christian living, and is committed to Biblical preaching and evangelism that brings others to faith in Jesus Christ. Therefore, an Evangelical church is a church that is characterized by these same beliefs and principles. Some churches that are not considered Evangelical in faith and practice, such as the Roman Catholic Church, or the Eastern Orthodox Church, or the Anglican Church in the high church form, may contain members who are Evangelical."--World MAP Digest, Definition of
Terms, p. 7, Winter 2008 Issue.
(c) 2008, Butterfly Productions, All Rights Reserved
All Emmaus Walk Students, to earn a Certificate, must complete the 10 required courses and the 6 elective courses, and must write to the Founder and Director regarding their candidacy and for access to answers for quizzes and tests. In the 12 years or so since this site has been offered, not one person has contacted me. I understand that this site is being used like a blog, which it is not. This is not an informational or activist site for right-wing agendas--it is for studying the Bible as a Messianic
Revelation, while seeking Biblically approved ways to preserve the nation and our Biblically-founded
institutions and freedoms (for without those institutions and freedoms, we would not have access to the Bible, not with secular fundamentalism and Islam acting together in America to stamp them out). This site is not a game or entertainment, we really want to discover Jesus as Y'shua the Messiah and Christ, the Lord and King of the Universe, the Head of the Church, the Coming to Reign Lion of Judah not the Sunday School flannel-graph, wimpy guy with the straight brown hair, blue eyes and light complexion and
Nordic nose that is passed off for the real Rabbi Y'shua. If that is your desire too, contact us by writing: Ronald Ginther, The Emmaus Walk, P.O. Box 212, Puyallup, Washington 98371
WANT TO CHECK OUT THE LINKS AND REFERENCES AND COMMENTARY OF THE PREVIOUS EMMAUS WALK HOME PAGE?
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Home Sweetie Home premieres on January 5, 2014 on ABS-CBN
ABS-CBN opens 2014 with a family comedy show entitled Home Sweetie Home with the blockbuster tandem of John Lloyd Cruz and Toni Gonzaga. Directed by Bobot Mortiz, Home Sweetie Home will be airing on ABS-CBN starting January 5, 2014 at 7:30pm back to back with the top rating children gag show Goin Bulilit.
Home Sweetie Home debuts John Lloyd’s comedy stint on TV and together with Toni from their box office tandem in My Amnesia Girl in 2010. This time they will be playing the roles of Romeo and Julie who will be husband and wife in the show that will be reflecting the lives of most of Filipino newly weds facing the challenges of family life. Aside from them they will be engaging the life of living with the family of Julie where it will also tackle the challenges of being extended family with lighter approach and values to leard in every episode.
The family sitcom also stars Rico Puno, Sandy Andolong, Jayson Gainza, Miles Ocampo, Clarence Delgado, Joross Gamboa, Ketchup Eusebio, Eda Nolan, Ryan Bang, Eric Nicholas and Mitoy Yonting. Catch all of them on January 5 on ABS-CBN after Goin Bulilit.
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---
author:
- Martin Simonovsky
subtitle: A Journey from Graphs to Their Embeddings and Back
title: Deep Learning on Attributed Graphs
---
|
/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
/*
* This file is part of the LibreOffice project.
*
* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
* License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
* file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
*/
#ifndef LO_CLANG_SHARED_PLUGINS
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <set>
#include "plugin.hxx"
/**
Check for places where we declare a block directly inside a block
*/
namespace {
class BlockBlock:
public loplugin::FilteringPlugin<BlockBlock>
{
public:
explicit BlockBlock(loplugin::InstantiationData const & data):
FilteringPlugin(data) {}
virtual bool preRun() override
{
StringRef fn(handler.getMainFileName());
if (loplugin::isSamePathname(fn, SRCDIR "/sal/osl/unx/file_misc.cxx"))
return false;
return true;
}
void run() override {
if (preRun()) {
TraverseDecl(compiler.getASTContext().getTranslationUnitDecl());
}
}
bool VisitCompoundStmt(CompoundStmt const * );
bool VisitCaseStmt(CaseStmt const * );
};
bool BlockBlock::VisitCompoundStmt(CompoundStmt const * compound)
{
if (ignoreLocation(compound))
return true;
if (compound->size() != 1)
return true;
auto inner = *compound->body_begin();
if (!isa<CompoundStmt>(inner))
return true;
if (compiler.getSourceManager().isMacroBodyExpansion(compat::getBeginLoc(compound)))
return true;
if (compiler.getSourceManager().isMacroBodyExpansion(compat::getBeginLoc(inner)))
return true;
if (containsPreprocessingConditionalInclusion(compound->getSourceRange())) {
return true;
}
report(
DiagnosticsEngine::Warning,
"block directly inside block",
compat::getBeginLoc(compound))
<< compound->getSourceRange();
report(
DiagnosticsEngine::Note,
"inner block here",
compat::getBeginLoc(inner))
<< inner->getSourceRange();
return true;
}
bool BlockBlock::VisitCaseStmt(CaseStmt const * caseStmt)
{
if (ignoreLocation(caseStmt))
return true;
auto compoundStmt = dyn_cast<CompoundStmt>(caseStmt->getSubStmt());
if (!compoundStmt)
return true;
if (compoundStmt->size() != 2)
return true;
auto it = compoundStmt->body_begin();
auto inner1 = *it;
if (!isa<CompoundStmt>(inner1))
return true;
++it;
if (!isa<BreakStmt>(*it))
return true;
report(
DiagnosticsEngine::Warning,
"block directly inside block",
compat::getBeginLoc(compoundStmt))
<< compoundStmt->getSourceRange();
return true;
}
loplugin::Plugin::Registration< BlockBlock > blockblock("blockblock", true);
}
#endif // LO_CLANG_SHARED_PLUGINS
/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: */
|
Q:
Angular 7.2.15 + three 0.105.2 not working after three.js upgrade
I have updated angular from V-7.2.5 to V-7.2.15 and three.js from V-0.101.2 to V-0.105.2 and I have got all sort of errors that I don't know how to fix:
THREE.Box3 method .getSize() gives "error TS2554: Expected 1 arguments, but got 0."
.material.dispose() gives "error TS2339: Property 'dispose' does not exist on type 'Material | Material[]'."
.material.color.set(0x00cc00); gives "error TS2339: Property 'color' does not exist on type 'Material'."
.object.material gives "error TS2339: Property 'material' does not exist on type 'Object3D'."
there are some fixes suggested for some of the errors that I don't think are right, like typecasting some of the variable as any to force three to recognise methods. The result is that three js does not behave correctly.
Unfortunately the official documentation still describe the "old ways" for disposing material or does not explain how to initialise expected argument in order for the old code to work.
Did anybody managed to have the latest version of angular and three.js working together? Can you point me to a solution?
Thank you,
Dino
LET ME CLARIFY
I use a Box3 called aDomain to record the dimensions (space occupied) by objects loaded into the scene. It is dynamic and recalculated every-time a new object is loaded or deleted from the scene.
When I create clipping planes I need the size of them and I use the code:
size: [this.aDomain.getSize().z, this.aDomain.getSize().y],
this code is not working anymore as getSize() requires an argument but this does not make sense to me. I want the size of aDomain. What vector do I have to pass as argument? I am already calling a method of the object that I am interested in!
More worryingly are all the missing properties that brake my code. How do I replace them?
this.aRenderState.clipping.planes[0].object.material.dispose();
this.filteredIntersects[0].object.material
this.meshCollection[part].object.material.clippingPlanes
where:
object is a THREE.Mesh
I feel like I have to modify the whole app because of changes on the material type wasting months of development...
A:
It doesn't need to waste months of development. You just need to engage in a bit of "Type Assertion", where you tell the compiler what type of variable you're expecting.
Example:
this.filteredIntersects[0].object.material
When you access .object, the compiler expects you'll be getting an Object3Dwhich does not have a .material property. If you know this will be a Mesh, you can assert what type you're expecting with:
(<THREE.Mesh>this.filteredIntersects[0].object).material
Now TS is forced to expect that the result from the parenthesis () is going to be a Mesh.
Why is it like this?
This safety mechanism is important because it protects you from accessing properties that don't exist. What if the Object3D was a Sprite, LineSegment, or Group instead of a Mesh? You'd get errors at runtime. So you need to tell the compiler that you know what's in there.
Fixing things:
The same can be done with all your other errors:
// Original:
blah.material.dispose()
// Asserted type:
(<THREE.Material>blah.material).dispose()
// Original:
bleh.material.color.set(0x00cc00);
// Asserted type
(<THREE.MeshBasicMaterial>bleh.material).color.set(0x00cc00);`
With material.color, keep in mind that the basic Material class does not have a .color property. You have to be specific with which kind of material you're using before you get access to .color. This is because materials like Phong, Basic, or Standard do have a .color property, but ShaderMaterial does not.
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DNA processing in temperature-sensitive morphogenic mutants of HSV-1.
The anatomy of DNA synthesized by five HSV-1 mutants previously shown to accumulate predominantly empty capsids at the nonpermissive temperature (NPT) was analyzed with Bg/II restriction digestion. At the NPT, all five generated DNA lacking termini, indicating that in the absence of packaging, viral DNA is not processed to unit length. One mutant, F18, was able to process DNA made at the NPT to unit length molecules during a 6-hr period after shift to the permissive temperature. The appearance of unit length molecules correlated with the appearance of staphylococcal nuclease-resistant F18 DNA.
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5 Folksongs From Haiti by Electo Silva. Choral. For SSA/2-part/Unison choir. Latin American Choral Series. Secular, Choral. Grade 3. Choral octavo. Published by Neil A. Kjos Music Company (KJ.6269).
Five delightful and accessible folksongs with French lyrics are to be sung together as a set n any choir would enjoy singing these!1. Ti zuazo (Little Bird): A little bird, on her way to Mrs. Lalois house, warns the children not to go there because Mrs. Lalo may try to eat them. However, the song is quite playful because the nightingale eats only fruit.2. Muen soti nan vil Leogani (I Come from the Town of Leogane): This slow, soft song tells how the singer hears that his mama is sick. He is sad that he cannot be at her bedside.3. Feilli oh (Leaves, Oh!): The singer hopes that a good healer will be able to save a sick little boy. The words are repeated rhythmically as part of the healing charm.4. Dodo Titit (Sleep, Little Child): The child must fall asleep before a crab comes. The second verse tells that the childis parents are away at the river.5. Frere Jacques Kilik Kilik: Brother John, are you sleeping? The little bells are ringing. Kilik, kilik, give me a piece of banana; give me a piece of sweet potato.
Punching the Dough by Alice Parker (arranger). For SSAA choir (with piano). Women on the Plains, #3. Folk songs. Medium. Choral octavo. Text language: English (Canada). Published by Treble Clef Music Press (TC.TC-119).
With Text language: English (Canada). Folk songs.
This pioneer wife speaks for every exasperated woman who knows that "shooting out biscuits" takes more gumption than shooting out windows and lights! Energetic syncopations will keep you on your toes. SSAA and piano. Easy/medium.
Housekeeper's Tragedy by Hermene Eichhorn (arranger). For SSA choir, soprano and alto solo (with piano). Folk songs. Easy. Choral octavo. Text language: English. Published by Treble Clef Music Press (TC.TC-109).
With Text language: English. Folk songs.
Every chorus needs a silly song, and this North Carolina folk song is it: a jaunty tune, passed from part to part, chronicles the struggles of the grime-fighting housewife who finally "lay down and died and was buried in dirt." Audiences really enjoy this one! SSA, soprano and alto solo, and piano. Easy.
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The data were extracted from the excellent Hong Kong Transparency Report as well as transparency reports from various online service providers' global transparency reports from 2010 onward-- its shows a steep increase in surveillance requests, and hints that the HK government's stats omit a large slice of its activities.
Ed Vaizey, the UK Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries has admitted that he is in talks with ISPs to create a voluntary national firewall. Big copyright companies would petition to have sites they don't like added to the secret national blacklist, and the ISPs would decide -- without transparency or judicial review -- whether to silently block Britons from seeing the censored sites.
Peter from the Open Rights Group adds, "Website blocking is a bad idea, especially on a self-regulatory basis where vital judicial oversight is bypassed.
The good news is that he has promised to invite civil society groups to participate in future discussions on the matter.
You can help explain the problems by writing to your MP at ORG's website."
Minister confirms site blocking discussions
(Thanks, PeterBradwell, via Submitterator!)
Canada's cable-based ISPs have filed regulatory comments on their "Usage-Based Billing" model that caps bandwidth use and then charges high rates for overage. In these comments, they admit that the rates they charge have nothing to do with what it costs them to provide their service, and are instead aimed at punishing their customers for "overusing" the Internet. In other words, they've set out to limit the growth of networked based business and new kinds of services, and to prevent Canadians experimentation that enables them to use the Internet to its fullest.
In order to be effective as an economic ITMP, the usage based price component needs to be established so as to discourage use above the set limit. The price should incent use in excess of the limit only to the extent that the consumer would gain significant value from that usage. If the price is set substantially below the consumer's value, it will have little influence on usage. It follows that the price does not necessarily reflect the cost of supplying the network capacity.
[Michael Geist's commentary:] In other words, UBB is behaviour based billing, not usage based billing. Notwithstanding the claims about fairness, paying what you use, or costs to the network, overage pricing is not connected to cost or even value - it is designed to price above the real value to stop Canadians from "overusing" the Internet.
XS4ALL, a fantastic, hacker-friendly ISP in the Netherlands, has thrown open all its modem lines for free use by people in Libya when and if their network access gets blocked by the government. DPCosta sez, "It's expensive (international call), but can be very handy in an emergency. The number is +31205350535 and the username/password are xs4all."
TorrentFreak has some nice technical details on Bahnhof, the Swedish ISP that hosts (among other things), Wikileaks. The firm responded to IPRED, Sweden's batshit copyright spying law, by switching off its logs, so that putative copyright holders would not get anything if they tried to use IPRED's easy-peasy sneak-and-peek warrants. Now that Sweden is about to adopt the EU's rules that require all ISPs to begin logging, Bahnhof will insist that all its customers use an anonymizing proxy, so it can no longer tell what its customers are doing. Customers who want to make it easy to be spied upon can opt out for about $8/month.
Since the service will encrypt user traffic, not even Bahnhof will know what their customers are doing online. If the ISP doesn't know about their activities, then there's not much to log. Nothing to log means there's nothing useful to hand over to authorities and anti-piracy companies.
"Technically, this is a stealth section, we will store all data up to this point of invisibility," adds Karlung, referring to the first-hop connection the customer makes with the company's servers when going online.
"What happens after that is not our responsibility and is outside Bahnhof. So the only thing we are going to store is very little information, which in practice will be irrelevant."
Steve from Openmedia.ca sez, "As result of a recent decision by Canada's telcom regulator, the CRTC, Bell Canada and other big telecom companies can now freely force Internet usage-based billing on YOU and indie ISPs.
This means we're looking at a future where Internet providers will charge per byte, the way they do with smart phones. If we allow this to happen Canadians will have no choice but to pay more for less Internet.
This will crush innovative services, Canada's digital competitiveness, and your wallet.
Canadians should sign the Stop The Meter petition!"
Botnet and malware creeps are setting up their own ISPs, with their own IP blocks, so that spamfighters don't have anyone to complain to when they run them to ground:
"It's gotten completely out of hand. The bad guys are going to some local registries in Europe and getting massive amounts of IP space and then they just go to a hosting provider and set up their own data centers," said Alex Lanstein, senior security researcher at FireEye, an antimalware and anti-botnet vendor. "It takes one more level out of it: You own your own IP space and you're your own ISP at that point.
"If there's a problem, who are you going to talk to? It's a different ball game now. These guys are buying their own data centers. These LIRs and RIRs aren't going to push back if you say you need a /24 or /16. They're not the Internet police," Lanstein said...
"This is part of the problem that's causing the IPv4 shortage," Lanstein said, referring to the imminent exhaustion of the IPv4 address space, forecasted to occur in less than two years. "They stop paying the bills, the space gets null-routed and then it's a mess. There's clear fraud going on, but who can do something about it?"
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Why the cloud is “rent vs buy” for many businesses
Star Tribune journalist Steve Alexander speaks with Minneapolis based SparkWeave about their business model, how they feel about the onslaught of buzz around the largest public cloud providers like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and IBM, and why private clouds are the way to go for many companies.
Just consider some of the main points the article makes:
“The slower adoption of cloud [computing] within the U.S. and Europe reflects a greater hesitancy … about putting mission-critical and customer data on the cloud,” Forbes magazine reported last week.
“The rapid growth of public cloud computing has been driven mostly by smaller companies that can’t afford their own data centers.”
“Heavy computer users could save money by using their own data centers instead.”
“With some of the big public clouds, you don’t know whether your data is stored in Virginia or New Jersey…”
“Cloud computing is economical for companies that only need computing during 20 to 25 percent of their working hours, he said. If a company needs computing more often than that, it’s cheaper to buy and run its own computers.”
“If the data’s stored in the Amazon public cloud, you don’t know where it is. I’m not saying that Amazon isn’t secure, I’m just saying you can’t prove it one way or the other.”
So, what to make of this? My take…
The largest public clouds are not as attractive to many companies as some cloud fanatics might say.
For medium to large companies, it’s better to own than rent your data center.
No matter how much spin there is about public cloud security, many businesses aren’t buying it.
Since data has always been called the lifeblood of a business, they have the right to know where it’s stored.
The big question is the same one posed at the very beginning of article…”Who do you trust more with your data, someone outside your company or yourself?”
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Fluticasone or montelukast in preschool wheeze: a randomized controlled trial.
Approximately 30% of children younger than 3 years experience at least 1 episode of wheezing. Antiasthmatic medication is routinely prescribed, but its effectiveness remains unclear. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment on frequency and severity of preschool wheeze episodes (PWEs). Children aged 6 to 36 months with the first up to the third PWE were randomly assigned to receive montelukast, fluticasone, or no treatment for 12 weeks. The outcome measures were the number of PWEs, the number of hospitalizations due to PWE, and the severity of respiratory symptoms. results: There were no significant differences in outcome measures between the groups. However, tobacco-exposed children treated with fluticasone had significantly fewer PWEs (P = .01). Neither montelukast nor fluticasone has proven effective in the prevention of PWE recurrence. Children of smoking parents may benefit from fluticasone treatment after PWE. This observation requires confirmation in larger studies.
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<?php
/* Prototype : array array_intersect_uassoc(array arr1, array arr2 [, array ...], callback key_compare_func)
* Description: Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check, compares indexes by a callback function
* Source code: ext/standard/array.c
*/
echo "*** Testing array_intersect_uassoc() : usage variation ***\n";
// Initialise function arguments
$array1 = array("a" => "green", "b" => "brown", "c" => "blue", "red");
$array2 = array("a" => "green", "yellow", "red");
$array3 = array("a"=>"green", "brown");
// Define error handler
function test_error_handler($err_no, $err_msg, $filename, $linenum, $vars) {
if (error_reporting() != 0) {
// report non-silenced errors
echo "Error: $err_no - $err_msg, $filename($linenum)\n";
}
}
set_error_handler('test_error_handler');
class classWithoutToString
{
}
$value = new classWithoutToString();
var_dump( array_intersect_uassoc($array1, $array2, $value) );
var_dump( array_intersect_uassoc($array1, $array2, $array3, $value) );
?>
===DONE===
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Psodisk, a new visual method for assessing the burden of psoriasis on patients.
The last decades have witnessed an increasing interest for the psychosocial aspects of chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis. Nonetheless, systematic assessments of the impact of psoriasis on patients' lives are rarely done in daily clinical practice. The existing instruments are mostly meant to be completed by patients alone, and rarely comprise a graphical representation of the results. To develop a questionnaire allowing both a quick assessment of the impact of psoriasis on patients and, at the same time, an intuitive graphic visualization of the outcome of the test. A preliminary version of an Italian questionnaire aimed to assess the global impact of psoriasis on patients, meant to be filled in together by the patient and the dermatologist and to produce visual, intuitive results, was developed through focus groups. The instrument was then the object of a Delphi survey addressed to a panel of experts, to assess both the need of possible improvements of the questionnaire (in terms of the formulations of the questions and of the domains to be explored) and the usefulness of the questionnaire. A 10-item questionnaire in Italian, taking into account different aspects of the burden of psoriasis on the patient, was developed. The answers are given on a 10-point visual analogue scale and graphically represented on a disc as a polygon. A formal validation of the questionnaire and a study to assess potential clinical and psychological benefits of a systematic implementation of the instrument in daily practice are planned.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for generating electricity from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Preferably the engine is a piston engine. The engine may be the engine of a vehicle, for example the main drive engine for a land, air or water vehicle or a “range extender” engine for a hybrid internal combustion/electric vehicle, or it may be a non-vehicle engine such as a static engine to power an electric generator set.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known to generate electricity using a generator that is driven by a turbine that is in turn driven by the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. For example, US 2011/0018267 discloses a hybrid vehicle in which the exhaust gas from a diesel engine powers an exhaust turbine generator. In order to avoid the weight of batteries carried in the vehicle, for storing the electricity generated in this way, the electricity is used to drive an electric motor of the hybrid vehicle, and a bypass gate is provided so that if the generator produces more electric power than can be used by the electric motor, the bypass gate is opened so that exhaust gas bypasses the turbine, and therefore excess electricity is not generated.
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Calm Your Upset Tummy Naturally
It's great to be expecting an angel, but while your body is preparing for your gift from heaven, your tummy feels like it's doing jumping jacks! When every little smell is suddenly a challenge and those morning queasies often last all day long, USDA Certified 100% Organic & Certified Kosher, ginger-minty Morning Wellness Tea is a comforting way to help get you through the day!
Formulated for pregnancy morning sickness, but useful for any nausea (dads love it too!), Morning Wellness Tea settles an upset tummy with ginger and spearmint along with a hint of peppermint, chamomile and lemon balm.
All Earth Mama Angel Baby teas now come in easy to brew tea bags! And there's even more good news: the tea bags are biodegradable, the tea overwrap is compostable and the 100% recycled and recyclable cartons were produced using wind energy. Steep, sip and enjoy, mama!
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USCG Terrapin – Overhaul
USCG Terrapin – Overhaul
The 87’ United States Coast Guard Cutter “Terrapin” was recently launched and put back in service, ahead of Schedule and within budget. She was hauled out at the Platypus Marine shipyard for an extended period and had major dry dock repairs performed. Work included, but was not limited to: exterior sandblasting, priming and painting of the main deck, topsides and hull underwater body. Antifouling paint was applied and new zincs installed. The running gear and power train was removed, inspected and underwent a complete servicing. The USCG Terrapin project is another example of Platypus Marine’s ability to provide the US Coast Guard and Navy, ahead of schedule, and within budget dry docking services.
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