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Q: Is it possible to find event fire chain in java? I wanted to know do events have a priority in being fired or they are fired in the order they were registered? For example I have a table and has two events on it,SelectionChanged and MouseClick,which one fires first if I click on a row? A: See the class EventQueue. This class has all what you need, including the origin event (mouse or key event) for your selection event.
Infection of Aotus and Saimiri monkeys with Plasmodium gonderi. Attempts were made to infect 4 species of New World monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis, Aotus nancymai, A. vociferans, A. azarae boliviensis) with Plasmodium gonderi, a malaria parasite of African monkeys. Sporozoites were obtained from Anopheles dirus or A. stephensi mosquitoes that fed on an infected rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Inoculation of sporozoites was by injection of dissected sporozoites by either the intravenous or intrahepatic routes, or by mosquito bite. Liver biopsies done 7 or 8 days after sporozoite inoculation showed that hepatocytes of all 4 species of these New World monkeys supported exoerythrocytic stages of P. gonderi, but daily blood film examination during a 60-day observation period failed to detect blood stages of the parasite.
Q: How to play specific keyframes with css animation I want to play keyframes 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 with css animation: This doesn't work: @keyframes play-specific { 0% { background-position: 0px; } 25% { background-position: -50px; } 50% { background-position: -100px; } 75% { background-position: -50px; } 100% { background-position: -0px; } } with animation: .hi { width: 50px; height: 72px; background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/79/sprite-steps.png"); animation: play-specific 1s steps(4) infinite; } see http://jsfiddle.net/CGmCe/12960/ A: steps() will break animation from a keyframes to another. it can be used to avoid to set each keyframes. When keyframes are set , 1 will mean jump from a keyframe to another without transition. .hi { width: 50px; height: 72px; background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/79/sprite-steps.png"); animation: play-specific 1s steps(1) infinite; } .ho { width: 50px; height: 72px; background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/79/sprite-steps.png"); animation: play 1s steps(10) infinite; } @keyframes play-specific {/* steps() will be applied in between each keyframes, 1 is to jump from a keyframe to another without transition */ 0% { background-position: 0px; } 25% { background-position: -50px; } 50% { background-position: -100px; } 75% { background-position: -50px; } 100% { background-position: -0px; } } @keyframes play {/* steps here need to be adapted in order to break the linearity of animation */ from { background-position: 0px; } to { background-position: -500px; } } <div class="hi"></div> <div class="ho"></div> see on W3C For a keyframed animation, the 'animation-timing-function' applies between keyframes, not over the entire animation. For example, in the case of an ease-in-out timing function, an animation will ease in at the start of the keyframe and ease out at the end of the keyframe. A 'animation-timing-function' defined within a keyframe block applies to that keyframe, otherwise the timing function specified for the animation is used.
Wildgall The Wildgall () is, at 3,273 metres above sea level, the third highest peak in the Rieserferner Group, a range in the western part of the High Tauern. It lies within the Italian provinces of South Tyrol in the Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park (Parco Naturale Vedrette di Ries-Aurina) and appears from the south as a massive pyramid with prominent arêtes. It is the most difficult of the summits of the Rieserferner Group to climb. As a result, it was conquered relatively late. Its first recorded ascent was on 18 August 1872 by Victor Hecht from Prague and mountain guides Johann and Sepp Ausserhofer from Rein in Taufers. Today the mountain may be climbed from the Kasseler Hut (Italian: Rifugio Roma alla Vedrette di Ries) to the north in about four hours, but it is rarely attempted. Literature and maps Werner Beikircher: Alpenvereinsführer Rieserfernergruppe, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, 1983, Helmut Dumler: Gebietsführer Südtirol 3, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich, 1987, Carl Diener in Eduard Richter (ed.): Die Erschließung der Ostalpen, Vol. III, Berlin, 1894 Casa Editrice Tabacco, Tavagnacco, Wanderkarte 1:25,000, Sheet 035, Valle Aurina/Ahrntal, Vedrette di Ries/Rieserferner-Gruppe References External links Category:Mountains of South Tyrol Category:Alpine three-thousanders Category:Rieserferner Group Category:Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park
Developmental and mature expression of full-length and truncated TrkB receptors in the rat forebrain. The neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT-4/5 exert their trophic effects on the nervous system via signaling through trkB receptors. These receptors occur as splice variants of the trkB gene that encodes a full-length receptor containing the signal transducing tyrosine kinase domain as well as truncated forms lacking this domain. Because the importance of the trkB isoforms for development and maturation of the nervous system is unknown, we have examined the expression of trkB receptor isoforms during development of the rat forebrain using 1) a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay to distinguish full-length and truncated trkB transcripts, 2) western blot analysis to characterize developmental changes in trkB proteins, and 3) immunohistochemistry to determine the cellular localization of trkB receptors. In the rat forebrain, adult mRNA levels for full-length trkB are reached by birth, whereas truncated trkB message does not peak until postnatal days 10-15. Western blot analysis indicates that full-length trkB protein is the major form during early development, whereas truncated trkB protein predominates in all forebrain regions of late postnatal and adult rats. These data also suggest that the glycosylation state of these receptors changes during postnatal maturation. TrkB immunoreactivity is present predominately within neurons, where it is localized to axons, cell soma, and dendrites. Strong dendritic immunostaining is particularly evident in certain neuronal populations, such as pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and in layer V of the neocortex. The dendritic localization of trkB receptors supports the hypothesis that dendrites, as well as axons, are important sites for neurotrophin actions in the central nervous system.
Walhalla Rd. is a dark and ominous road that exists just north of the Campus region of Columbus Ohio. Legend has it that a fearsome witch roams the wooded area surrounding the road near a place called Mooney Mansion. Today’s guest for Random Interviews Halloween Edition is a Witch Hunter. DL: Tell me about the Witch of Walhalla Rd. Why is she so scary? WWH: The Witch of Walhalla is a supernatural creature who roams the wooded areas near Walhalla Rd. She is a truly frightening creature that practices dark magic, but lucky for most of you, she is rarely seen. Her curses are said to be able to drive a person to the brink of madness, to which there is no cure. If that is not enough, she has been known to tear apart her victims with her claws. She is strikingly fast, with supernatural speed and strength. DL: Why are you hunting the Walhalla Witch? WWH: As a member of Ordo Hereticus, it is my duty to protect humanity against supernatural creatures such as the Witch of Walhalla. Her crimes against humanity have been heinous. She has murdered many, and many a person who has gone missing were nonetheless victims of the witch. Above: A Hunter group, kind of like SOLOMON from Witch Hunter Robin. DL: Tell me more about the Ordo Hereticus. What do you do? WWH: We are an international organization of professional hunters of supernatural beings. Some of us specialize in demons, witches and warlocks. Others vampires and werewolves. A small segment of us specialize in non-corporeal entities such as ghosts, poltergeists and other evil spirits. Above: Hansel and Gretel are examples of professional witch hunters. DL: Can you tell me more about the Walhalla Witch? Where did she come from? WWH: No one really knows, but according to the stories, the Walhalla witch has lived in the area since Clintonville township was established back in the 1800’s. Not much else is known. The witch roams the woods surrounding Walhalla Rd. and terrifies the locals by laying out hexes and curses on any passersby who trespass the woods at night. She was responsible for cursing the owner of Mooney Mansion, causing him to go insane, murdering his entire family with an ax. DL: I’ve heard of the Mooney Mansion incident… Is there anything else you can tell me about it? WWH: Besides the part where Mr. Mooney brutally murders his wife and daughter? What else is there to know? The details? They were not recorded by the local police because they did not want to incite panic. I have only heard rumors that the cover up was made possible by members of the Lazarus family in an attempt to keep hidden the horrors of what they have brought to Earth from the beyond. DL: Who are the members of the Lazarus family? WWH: I have only heard rumors that they are practitioners of dark magic; witches and warlocks who have powers over demonic beings, but I am unable to confirm whether or not this is true. DL: What does the Walhalla Witch look like? WWH: I have only heard the locals speak of her in hushed tones. She supposedly looks like a withered old hag with sharp claws. I believe this image is perhaps the best I can compare her to. Above: The Witch of Walhalla supposedly looks like the one from Left 4 Dead depicted by this cosplayer DL: Truly frightening… I would not want to run into the Walhalla Witch at night, that’s for sure! Why do you think the Walhalla Witch is so elusive? WWH: The Witch of Walhalla is possessed by a powerful demon. As the host for the demon, the witch is able to phase in and out of the material plane and onto the hellish planes of Satan and Lucifer. There is rumored to be a literal Gate to Hell that is hidden within the wooded areas surrounding Walhalla Rd. If you knock on this gate, the Devil himself will answer, or perhaps it’s a demon. I don’t know for sure. DL: Where is this Gate to Hell? Have you seen it or been to it? WWH: I have only heard rumors of the possibility of its existence. It is not verified. DL: Do you believe you will be able to slay the Walhalla Witch? WWH: I intend to… but if I fail, another shall take my place. Love it? Hate it? Questions? Please comment on this Random Interview!
Q: Angular 1 component router: Cannot read property 'startsWith' of undefined I'm using Angular 1 component router and it works weired. When I run website locally it works fine, but if I access it from another PC I receive js error Cannot read property 'startsWith' of undefined I tried to access website from 4-5 PCs and different browsers IE, Chrome and Safari, it either works or displays js error, Please advice A: The issue was in base href url. I setup location provider to use HTML5 mode and added base href to the page like following: <base href="/Application/"> When I access the http://company-domain.com/application I see JS error, but when I access the http://company-domain.com/Application it works as expected. That is why it was working not stable for me, I didn't pay much attention to the base url. So, the issue was not in component router, but how location provider parses the base href. Stupid issue, but the way that base href is case sensitive and can't be configured to be case insensitive is pain. Keep an eye on that.
Heroes On Vacation is a documentary-style reality show in which unsung Chinese “heroes” are repaid for their altruism. These everyday heroes, who dedicate their lives to helping others, are rewarded with a surprise luxury vacation aboard a 5-star cruise ship. Little do they know, however, that boarding with them are some of the men and women whose lives they’ve changed. These people see in the trip a chance to express their gratitude to those who have sacrificed much of their own lives to better the lives of others in their local communities. Intercutting between footage of the heroes’ backstories, the events and actions that define each hero, as well as onboard conversations with the people these heroes have helped, this heartwarming program showcases their rewarding, luxury cruise journey as well as touching stories of selfless action, providing a feel-good reflection on the ancient Chinese proverb “one good turn deserves another. ”
india Updated: Jul 16, 2020 16:54 IST Several human rights activists, lawyers and journalists in India came forward on Thursday to say that they had been identified as targets of a phone hack aimed at snooping on them, a day after popular messaging service WhatsApp went public with allegations against an Israeli firm for having misused its platform to aid spying on around 1,400 people spread across the world. The people targeted in India include former Union minister Praful Patel and former Lok Sabha MP Santosh Bharatiya, a WhatsApp official said, and added that the company had identified 41 people in all. Of these, 21 were journalists, lawyers and activists, this person said, asking not to be named. The people, whose WhatsApp accounts are safe for now, the company representative said, were contacted either by Toronto-based research group Citizen Lab or WhatsApp to be informed of the spying, which may or may not have been successful. “They told me that I was one of 1,400 people [globally] who was the target of an attempted spying attack,” said a 32-year old diplomatic correspondent in New Delhi, who received a call from Citizen Lab last month. Patel, who was alerted by a message sent out by WhatsApp, said he did not remember being approached. “It’s possible that many did not pay heed to the message,” the WhatsApp official quoted above said, reiterating that at least one of Patel’s phones was targeted by the Israeli software. The software in question is developed by NSO Group and is known mostly as Pegasus, though it has also been sold as Q Suite. Researchers from Citizen Lab have since 2016 assisted potential targets who were spied upon using it – including people linked to murdered Saudi activist Jamal Khashoggi. Pegasus, technically a malware, allows a near-complete control of the target’s phone, enabling access to files, communications and even microphone and camera. It can be delivered to targets in several ways, but the method that drew most attention exploited a flaw in WhatsApp’s code that made it possible for the hack to be carried out without any user intervention and go completely undetected. While neither the researchers at Citizen Lab nor WhatsApp identified the people who purchased NSO Group’s services for the alleged snooping, the company said it only provides “technology to licensed government intelligence and law enforcement agencies to help them fight terrorism and serious crime”. Information technology (IT) minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said the government had asked WhatsApp for its response to this incident and an explanation. The ministry of home affairs said in a statement that “the government of India operates strictly as per provisions of law and laid down protocols.” “There are adequate safeguards to ensure that no innocent citizen is harassed or his privacy breached,” the statement added. Several of the others who confirmed being contacted either by Citizen Lab or WhatsApp included Chhattisgarh-based lawyers and human rights activists. “Citizen Lab got in touch with me on October 5... I got a message from WhatsApp two days ago, on October 29,” said lawyer Shalini Gaira. The Citizen Lab representative who spoke to her asked if she received a call between February and May 2019. “I vividly remember getting video calls on WhatsApp from an international number and the country code was Sweden. The time of the call fit in the period,” she said. Social and environmental activist Vivek Sundara, Chhattisgarh-based peace activist and former BBC journalist Shubhranshu Choudhary, activist Bela Bhatia and Asomiya Pratidin’s Delhi bureau chief Ashish Gupta told HT that they too were contacted. Former MP Bharatiya said he ignored the messages as he wasn’t sure of the authenticity of either the Citizen Lab researcher or WhatsApp’s messages. “I am a Hindi journalist, with little knowledge of how these technologies work. I don’t know why I was even targeted,” he said. The disclosures on Thursday also triggered a political war, with Congress leader Rahul Gandhi saying: “The govt seeking WhatsApp’s response on who bought Pegasus to spy on Indian citizens, is like Modi asking Dassault who made money on the sale of RAFALE jets to India! (sic)”. WhatsApp sued NSO Group on Tuesday, accusing it of helping governments break into the phones of the users, including diplomats, political dissidents and senior government officials. WhatsApp said the attack exploited its video calling system in order to send malware to the mobile devices of the targets. The lawsuit seeks to have NSO barred from accessing or attempting to access WhatsApp and Facebook’s services and seeks unspecified damages. NSO’s phone hacking software has already been implicated in a series of human rights abuses across Latin America and the Middle East, including a sprawling espionage scandal in Panama and an attempt to spy on an employee of the London-based rights group, Amnesty International. NSO denied the allegations. “In the strongest possible terms, we dispute today’s allegations and will vigorously fight them,” NSO said in a statement. “The sole purpose of NSO is to provide technology to licensed government intelligence and law enforcement agencies to help them fight terrorism and serious crime.” (Agencies contributed to this story).
New Details On Steve Trevor’s Allies In ‘Wonder Woman’ This year is packed with comic book/superhero films and one of them is Warner Bros. Pictures’ Wonder Woman as Diana Prince is finally leading her own film, following Gal Gadot’s debut as the iconic Amazon Princess in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. For the Wonder Woman film, we are going back in time to learn about how Diana discovers Man’s World and becomes one of the world’s greatest heroes. Last week, Heroic Hollywood was fortunate to be invited to the London edit bay where director Patty Jenkins and her team are working hard on putting the final touches for the film. Jenkins and her team showed us footage as we got to learn a bit more about this highly-anticipated DC film. Before we go on to discuss what we learned from our visit, be aware of potential spoilers – you have officially been warned! We have seen Steve Trevor’s trio of allies in trailers and images from the upcoming film, as well as that photo of them alongside Diana (the one below) from last year’s Batman v Superma: Dawn of Justice. During the story presentation portion of our edit bay visit, we got to learn a little bit more about these three. Charlie , played by Ewen Bremner (far right), is described as a heavy, cheerful drinker that is a bit of a shell-shocked sharp-shooter suffering from PTSD after serving several tours of duty. , played by Ewen Bremner (far right), is described as a heavy, cheerful drinker that is a bit of a shell-shocked sharp-shooter suffering from PTSD after serving several tours of duty. Next up is Sameer , played by Saïd Taghmaoui (far left), a flirtatious and charming fellow who is a master of disguise and fluent in multiple languages. , played by Saïd Taghmaoui (far left), a flirtatious and charming fellow who is a master of disguise and fluent in multiple languages. Last, but not least, we got The Chief, played by Eugene Brave Rock (second from the right), and what we learned about him is that he is a tradesman. He knows how to move people with goods through dangerous territories and the frontlines. These three are described to have a head-butting dynamic with Diana, as she doesn’t find the trio impressive while they aren’t really digging the idea of a woman joining them and Steve on their mission. But they have a common goal and must come to learn to respect each other in order to fight together throughout the film. In one of the clips that we got to see, the trio can be seen in action with Diana and Steve in what will no doubt be one of the most emotionally-charged scenes in the film. Directed by Patty Jenkins, Wonder Woman also stars Chris Pine as Steve Trevor, Lucy Davis as Etta Candy, Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, Robin Wright as General Antiope, Lisa Loven Kongsli as Menalippe, Danny Huston as General Erich Ludendorff, David Thewlis as Sir Patrick Morgan, Elena Anaya as Doctor Maru, Ewen Bremner as Charlie, Saïd Taghmaoui as Sameer and Eugene Brave Rock as the Chief. Wonder Woman opens in theaters on June 2, 2017.
Q: Javascript click button1 I have the following HTML code and I'm trying to make a JavaScript to click on this button <fieldset class="fields1"></fieldset> <fieldset class="submit-buttons"> <some other button here > <input class="button1" type="submit" value="Submit" name="post" tabindex="4" accesskey="f"></input> I tried the following lines of code neither of which works: $(".submit-buttons").children('input[name="post"]').click(); $("input[name=post]").click(); Is there any other way to click the button1? And is there a way to select the button by its tabindex or accesskey? A: The click function is for event handling not triggering events. If you want to trigger a click use trigger $("input[name=post]").trigger('click');
Transient gain of effector function by CD8+ T cells undergoing peripheral tolerance to high-dose self-antigen. Induction of peripheral T cell tolerance is mediated by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells that cross-present self-antigen to self-reactive T cells. The current model for peripheral CD8(+) T cell tolerance is that TCR engagement by self-antigen in the absence of costimulation results in abortive activation without development of effector function. Here we demonstrate in vivo that high-dose self-antigen ("signal 1") can compensate for lack of costimulation ("signal 2"), leading to full activation of and development of effector function by self-reactive T cells. In the setting of low-dose self-antigen, acquisition of effector function by self-reactive T cells is dependent on costimulation via CD40 ligation in vivo. However, gain of effector function in either setting does not prevent eventual tolerance of self-reactive CD8(+) T cells. These results suggest that the mechanisms for peripheral CD8(+) T cell tolerance are more complex than the proposed "signal 1 in the absence of signal 2" hypothesis. Further exploration of these mechanisms will have direct impact on the design of effective immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases, chronic infections and cancers.
Product Information Format: DRM Protected ePubVendor: ZondervanPublication Date: 2012 ISBN: 9780310333937ISBN-13: 9780310333937UPC: 025986333935 Publisher's Description Many women are wired to control. You’re the ones who make sure the house is clean, the meals are prepared, the beds are made, the children are dressed, and everyone gets to work, school, and other activities on time. But trying to control everything can be exhausting, and it can also cause friction with your friends and family. This humorous, yet thought-provoking book guides you as you discover for yourself the freedom and reward of living a life “out of control,” in which you allow God to be seated in the rightful place in your life. Armed with relevant biblical and current examples (both to emulate and to avoid), doable ideas, new thought patterns, and practical tools to implement, Let It Gowill gently lead you out of the land of over-control and into a place of quiet trust. A companion video-based study for small groups is also available. Author Bio Karen Ehman is a Proverbs 31 Ministries speaker, a New York Times best-selling author, and a writer for Encouragement For Today, an online devotional that reaches over one million women daily. She has written seven nine books including KEEP IT SHUT: What to Say, How to Say It & When to Say Nothing at All and LET. IT. GO: How to Stop Running the Show & Start Walking in Faith. Married to her college sweetheart, Todd, and the mother of three, she enjoys antique hunting, cheering for the Detroit Tigers, and feeding the many teens who gather around her kitchen island for a taste of Mama Karen's cooking. Connect with her at www.karenehman.com. I, as most women, and people for that matter, love control, love to give my opinion, and most of all love when things go MY way; and of course, i also love seeking after Gods heart and his ways. i bought this book on a whim, as i am well aware of my love for control and thought it may teach me something helpful. this book is great, it really challenges you and makes you think. it provides great examples and scriptural backup for most every point it goes on to prove. the book also provides checkpoints in which it gives you quizzes to help gauge where you are, or questions to give you material to meditate upon. the only thing I wish was made more known to me when i was buying this book is that this book is specifically targeted at moms and family women, which made me unable to relate to a few places in the book, however, i still reaped huge benefits from reading this book as a younger, single woman. I purchased this study for our Ladies Small group and we are learning a lot. For anyone who has "control issues", or even if you don't, this study is very informative and thought provoking. I would highly recommend this study. Ok, so Let.It.Go by Karen Ehman is a book I received a couple months ago from Zondervan to review. And I will be honest at first I did not know what to make of the book. The beginning was slow for me and hard to stay interested in. However I decided to skip ahead to the second part of the book (the book is broken down into parts and chapters). And AT LAST the meat and potatoes of the book! I'm not an overly controlling person, which maybe part of the reason why the book was initially such a hard read. I'm more of a negotiator so that everyone gets what they want within reason. My recommendation? Read it if you think you fall into the controlling category or have been accused of being controlling. Read it if you want to learn something about yourself. For me, the learning process was in the second part, for you it could be in the first or third.
34-7 Loss a Texas-Sized Embarrassment for Seahawks Seattle Seahawks quarterback Matt Hasselbeck (8) walks back to the huddle after being sacked during the first quarter of an NFL football game against the Houston Texans, Sunday, Dec. 13, 2009, in Houston. (David J. Phillip | Associated PresS) HOUSTON - By John Boyle For the Kitsap Sun To call a loss the worst of the season for the Seahawks is saying quite a bit. Seattle, after all, had lost six games by double digits this season prior to Sunday. The Seahawks have been embarrassed at home by division rival Arizona, they’ve been blown out on the road in Indianapolis, Dallas and Minnesota, and they’ve blown big leads on two occasions. But for all the miserable moments the Seahawks have had this season, Sunday’s 34-7 loss to the Houston Texans might have knocked an already low bar down another wrung. “I’m very discouraged right now,” Seahawks coach Jim Mora said. “I’m as discouraged now as I’ve been in any game probably in my career.” The Seahawks came into Sunday’s game thinking they had started to turn things around. They had won two straight, and two weeks ago won on the road for the first time this season. And Seattle was playing Houston, a team that had lost four straight and was seemingly headed in the wrong direction. Instead, the Texans, who came into the game with the same 5-7 record as the Seahawks, handed the Seahawks a more thorough beat down than did NFL elites such as Indianapolis and Minnesota. “That momentum definitely hit a road block,” Seahawks quarterback Matt Hasselbeck said. “We came out feeling pretty good, knowing it was a challenge, knowing that we had to play well, trying to answer one of the issues we’ve had: playing on the road. And we just fell flat on our face. We didn’t do it at all. Not even close. Not even close.” The Seahawks’ latest loss, which killed whatever extremely slim playoff hopes they still had, started about at poorly and possible, and Seattle never recovered. On the first play from scrimmage, Texans receiver Andre Johnson — also known as the player the Seahawks talked all week about needed to stop — blew past Marcus Trufant and caught a Matt Schaub pass for a 64-yard touchdown. When the Seahawks got the ball following that score, Hasselbeck was hammered on the first play, an incomplete pass, setting the stage for another woeful offensive performance that caused Mora to call out his offensive line after the game and threaten that changes could be coming. While the Seahawks spent the first half going three-and-out and punting, Schaub and Johnson stayed busy by shredding Seattle’s defense. Schaub finished the first half 24 for 28 for 336 yards and two touchdowns. Both those touchdowns went to Johnson, who had 10 catches for 184 in the half as Houston built a 24-0 lead. The Seahawks made it 24-7 just before halftime by putting together their one successful drive of the day. Seattle got the ball when Craig Terrill blocked a field-goal attempt, then drove 84 yards on six plays for its only score of the game, a 4-yard Hasselbeck pass to John Carlson. The Seahawks managed three plays of 22 or more yards on that possession, which is surprising given the team’s offensive struggles throughout the game. The Seahawks converted one of 14 third-down attempts, averaged 2.6 yards per carry on the ground, and of the 63 plays they ran, 15 went for negative yards. “We just, for probably the last four, five, six weeks, we can’t do anything on offense,” said receiver T.J. Houshmandzadeh. “Nothing.” And the offense wasn’t alone in struggling, as was evident in Schaub and Johnson’s numbers. The Seahawks defense did come away with two turnovers, though those didn’t result in any points, and for the third time this year the defense did not record a sack. Even special teams added a few forgettable moments by allowing a blocked punt, a few lengthy returns, and by struggling in the punt return game. During the week, Mora laid out the things he wanted his team to do better, stressing running the ball, protecting Hasselbeck, and stopping the run. Of those, the only area of modest success came from Seattle’s run defense, but it’s a bit hard to get excited about a team holding its opponent to 85 rushing yards when that same opposing offense passes for 365 yards. In the end, Sunday’s game was best summed up by running back Julius Jones:
the kiss of death I will called them " Godzuto " (I just sayyyyyyyyyyyying (~ ̄▽ ̄)~ )I ship them since I first saw he gave her(n˘v˘•)¬ and ship them hard when I read this Fanfiction The Hokmuto will pissed off if he's sees this moment (Γಠ‿ಠ)Γ
Main menu NETWORKING Social: It's A Matter Of Manners Randi Zuckerberg's overshared photo shows that good manners still matter, even on social media. 10 Great Social Features For Microsoft SharePoint 2013 (click image for larger view and for slideshow) By this point in time, it's probably happened to you: A personal photo you appear in has been more widely shared on social media than you would like. Or maybe you've even done the over-sharing, embarrassing someone in the process. Even Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and his family are not immune: A picture that his sister, Randi, posted on her personal Facebook profile was seen by a marketing director and shared to the director's thousands of Twitter followers. Randi was not amused, and took the marketing director to task --publicly, on Twitter. Is all this proof that Facebook's privacy controls are so convoluted that even Mark Zuckerberg can't explain them to his own family? Do social media mores trump any existing rules of decorum? As I understand it, the marketing director is a Facebook friend of a friend of Randi Zuckerberg's. The director, Callie Schweitzer, was thus made privy to the photo, which showed Randi, Mark and others gathered in a kitchen, gawking at something on a smartphone. Schweitzer shared the photo with her Twitter followers. Randi, also on Twitter, called the act "way uncool." In the midst of the photo brouhaha, many have taken the opportunity to ding Facebook's privacy settings, saying that even Mark Zuckerberg's own sister couldn't figure out how to set up her profile so that photos she was tagged in couldn't be shared. Randi came out and said that it wasn't an issue of privacy settings; it was an issue of "human decency." Schweitzer apologized profusely. But I have to agree with Randi. All the privacy settings in the world won't protect you from thoughtless people -- not completely, anyway. Conversely, all the privacy settings in the world won't prevent people from inadvertently hurting or embarrassing themselves or others -- not completely, anyway. So what will work? It's simple, really: manners. The very rules that your parents and teachers (hopefully) taught you are the ones that ensure you don't put yourself or others in a bad position even when you play by social media's privacy rules -- especially when it comes to social business. (Malicious intent is a whole different matter, of course.) Think about how much nicer Facebook and Twitter would be if users simply followed these timeless rules: Mind your own business. The picture that Schweitzer shared was not her business. It was clearly a personal photo. Just because you can share something doesn't mean you should. Don't chew with your mouth open -- or expose others doing the same. This goes along with the whole photo-sharing thing. Suppose you're good friends with someone in real life, and the two of you often tag each other in photos and share them with your wider circle of friends. Then suppose you took an unflattering photo of that friend -- chewing with her mouth open, perhaps. Sure, you could share it -- but don't. Just don't. It's not nice, and it will embarrass your friend among her personal and, more than likely, some professional contacts. She could ask you to remove it, thanks to new Facebook settings, but she shouldn't have to go to the trouble. Say please and thank you. Social media and texting has brought many people's language skills down several notches. Yes, it takes six extra taps to say please, and nine (including the space) to say thank you. But an imperative sentence sounds much less demanding when it starts or ends with a "please," and everyone appreciates a "thank you." Reciprocate invitations (among other things). We've all been taught that it's good manners to reciprocate dinner invitations and the like. It's also good form to reciprocate on social media channels. Indeed, social media is built in large part on reciprocation. Do you have a Facebook friend who regularly likes your content? Do the same for him or her. Do you retweet contacts' posts, especially when they have gone out of their way to promote your updates? If you don't give what you get, you may find your social media clout diminishing. Introduce yourself. I'm tired of people asking to connect with me on LinkedIn without giving me a good reason or even explaining what our connection might be. Sure, it's a lot easier to simply use the templated "I'd like to add you … " text, but if you're really serious about connecting, make your case. Don't discuss religion or politics. Considering the diverse mix of friends and followers most of us have on social networks, I think it's best to refrain from making political or religious stands on social media. That's just me. If you do decide to go there, make statements carefully and not in the heat of the moment, and be tolerant of others' views. Don't go where you aren't wanted. Yes, you may soon be able to pay $1 to send a message to someone outside your circle of friends on Facebook. And you can pay $7 to have your post promoted in users' newsfeeds. But again, just because you can doesn't mean you should. What other rules of etiquette do you wish more people would follow on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest and internal social networks? Please let us know in the comments section below. Cloud computing, virtualization and the mobile explosion create computing demands that today’s servers may not meet. Join Dell executives to get an in-depth look at how next-generation servers meet the evolving demands of enterprise computing, while adapting to the next wave of IT challenges. Register for this Dell-sponsored webcast now. Reports Comments Network Computing User Rank: Apprentice Thu, 12/27/2012 - 15:53 re: Social: It's A Matter Of Manners Total BS. If you don't want something out in the ether, don't share it. That simple. Don't 'like' something a friend posted if you don't agree with it. Don't recommend a completely horrible and unethical co-worker just because they recommended you unasked. This writer basically wants everyone to demean themselves and their beliefs in order to pump up traffic on these sites. And this is exactly why social media is losing relevance. I don't think you should "like" and "recommend" indiscriminately. I have said so in previous stories, but perhaps I should have said so explicitly here. I do believe, however, that effective presence on social media sites requires some active and purposeful participation. If you do like something a friend has posted, hit the like button. If not, don't. If you do feel that a colleague who has endorsed you has done good work, as well, endorse him or her. If you barely know people who are endorsing you or can't in good conscience recommend them, don't. Your article very explicitly talked about a tit for tat exchange. I come from a company where there was absolutely unethical behavior, in some cases illegal. Not only will into endorse them no matter how heavily they endorse me, but if I could, I would thumbs down their LinkedIn profiles which are full of lies. Social Media has a place, but it is being overused. To the point that it loses all relevance. I don't have 300 LinkedIn connections. To some people that means I must not be a good employee. When in fact it just means I will not accept invitation from people I could not in good conscience want connected to me professionally. More people need to be like me, not less. I am with you on introducing yourself in LinkedIn invitations, etc. Often, I'll get an invitation to connect from someone I vaguely remember but cannot remember how I know him or her. Other times, I'll get an invitation from someone who is a complete stranger looking to network. In these cases, I'd prefer a more personal note saying why he or she wishes to connect; otherwise, there is a chance I may not approve the connection. I would have to stay that without discussing and covering every point you have made then it would not be social media. I would have to agree with Tonic_Writes if you don't want it shared or out there, then don't put it out there. Furthermore if you are going to put it out there then know that you have no control over it once it is out there! Don't cry about your own lack of information and how to handle it.
var assert = require('assert'); var extendConfig = require('../../../core/util/extendConfig'); describe('computeConfig_spec', function () { it('should override engine from config file', function () { var actualConfig = extendConfig({ projectPath: process.cwd(), backstop: process.cwd() }, { engine: 'puppet' }); assert.strictEqual(actualConfig.engine, 'puppet'); }); it('should override resembleOutputOptions from config file', function () { var actualConfig = extendConfig({ projectPath: process.cwd(), backstop: process.cwd() }, { resembleOutputOptions: { transparency: 0.3 } }); assert.strictEqual(actualConfig.resembleOutputOptions.transparency, 0.3); }); });
QuoteReplyTopic: Has anyone seen a large dummy Posted: 10 Apr 15 at 11:35am I can understand (though not neccesarily agree with) some of their points but the press release doesn't read well for the neutral and really reads like the toys, dummy, blankets and everything have been thrown otu fo the pram. Its a press release, so it doesn't have to be unbiased. They should have gone with the 45s 2 years ago if they were going to reduce the boat size - this all smacks of Oracle wanting to gain unfair advantage, again. Y&Y must be kicking themselves. Yesterday the mag dropped through the letterbox with a big article about Luna Rossa... You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot create polls in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum
Q: Overriding rydurham/sentinel route paths in Laravel 5 I am using the rydurhmam/sentinel package in Laravel 5.0.x and I cannot change how the default mysite.com/profile route is handled. In my routes.php file I have declared Route::resource('profile', 'ProfileController'); When I call php artisan route:list I get: | GET|HEAD | profile | sentinel.profile.show | Sentinel\Controllers\ProfileController@show | sentry.auth | | GET|HEAD | profile/create | profile.create | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@create | sentry.auth | | POST | profile | profile.store | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@store | sentry.auth | | GET|HEAD | profile/{profile} | profile.show | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@show | sentry.auth | | GET|HEAD | profile/{profile}/edit | profile.edit | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@edit | sentry.auth | | PUT | profile/{profile} | profile.update | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@update | sentry.auth | | PATCH | profile/{profile} | | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@update | sentry.auth | | DELETE | profile/{profile} | profile.destroy | App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController@destroy | sentry.auth | And you'll notice the first profile route is handled by the Sentinel Controller found within the vendor package file. The sentinel config file only allows you to turn off routing in its entirety, so is there anyway to override selected controllers or am I SOL? A: Try this: In config/sentinel.php 'routes_enabled' => false, in your routes.php include(dirname(with(new ReflectionClass('Sentinel\SentinelServiceProvider'))->getFileName()) . '/../routes.php'); and declare your routes as normal in routes.php file after include and that should work fine. let me know.
montalk.net » 24 February 01 Many students agree that school is awful; they frequently voice their disgust concerning this abomination we call public education. They spite the good students who obey like little sheep, frown at imposed conformity, and laugh at the hypocritical nature of the system. The same will be done here, but there is a big difference between these defiant students and me, the author. I was one of those good little sheep. I graduated high school with a 4.0, perfect attendance record, two years of student council under my belt, and a host of top scholarships to get me through college. Teachers loved me, students both feared and respected me, and the principal knew me better than I knew him. It’s enough to make you sick. I know it made me sick. So here I am, biting the hand that feeds because it’s been feeding nothing but propaganda and sour grapes. I’m not writing this article because of envy or spite against system-indoctrinated valedictorians, nor am I trying to put blame on my school for all my academic failures. In fact, I cannot because I was that valedictorian and had few if any academic failures. I’m writing this article because the system itself is messed up. Having been to many different public school systems over the past 15 years, I have more than adequate credibility to make this claim. What is taught is random, useless, and meaningless In class, too much time is wasted on useless topics. The quality of education has been sacrificed for quantity, and as a result, academic inflation and the devaluation of information has turned intellectual ambition into apathy and bright minds into gray mush. In an effort to be multicultural and eclectic, class curricula have become shallow and disorganized in their effort to teach students a global viewpoint. Topics are taught piecemeal, and never do teachers spend time to help students integrate the pieces into a coherent picture that can be used or built upon. And even if within a class the ideas are put together, between classes the grand education still remains compartmentalized. For example, both geometry and physics can be mastered by the average student, but the connection and communication between the two often are not. When physics is taught in a junior high or high school physics class, it involves only the most elementary of geometry concepts, and vice versa. Without synthesis of the two, each remains without purpose or effectiveness. Such synthesis between topics is neglected in the school curriculum, and consequently one’s experience in the public education system becomes a vague memory of random, meaningless, and useless facts, just as a disassembled engine is just a junk heap of random metal parts. Most school subjects themselves aren’t even real knowledge. History books are full of purposely engineered inaccuracies and distortions for the sake of corporate gain and political correctness. It amazes me how the general public functions at a sixth grade level when we all supposedly graduated high school. Much of history, algebra, geometry, biology, physics, etc. are forgotten. If teachers spoke into empty classrooms all those years it would make the same difference. Much of school is wasted time The purpose of education should be to make one an independent, competent thinker, one who can make a difference in the world for the better, and one who has the best chance for survival and success in the world. So what the hell are we doing with such profundity of pep rallies, football and basketball games, proms, crazy hair days, sex education, death education, quiz bowls, and student council meetings? Sure, without them, school would be dull. But, school is supposed to be an incubator of young humans to prepare them for excitement in the real world. School is doing more than it’s supposed to and has instead become a surrogate provider of such excitement, turning it artificial and socially harmful. Is your vacuum cleaner also supposed to do the dishes, trim your hair, balance your checkbook, and be your Friday night date? If we stripped out the extraneous, school would only be 4 hours a day and maybe 120 days a year. Kids would get more sleep, have more free time to think and live and grow. Ah, but that would be a terrible inconvenience to parents stuck in the 8 hour work day, and the education industry getting paid by the hour and day wouldn’t make as much. So much in school concerns extracurricular activities that time which could be spent on real world activities is instead being wasted in these trivialities. The effect is an amassing of students dependent upon the system and isolated from the real world. Social, financial, and academic dysfunction result. Once again, quantity over quality has prevailed, because there is no profit for the supplier in quality. Quality only helps those in the demand, but when consumers of education have themselves been dumbed down to primal levels, discernment and appreciation of quality disappear. Despite these problems, almost everyone is happy. Parents are happy. Moms get to watch their soap operas and dads get to work while their kids are being babysat. They don’t have to worry about teaching morality or ethics to their children because it’s being done for them in school. They don’t have to entertain them or spend genuine time with them because these children are too busy being entertained in school functions. Moms just have to drive their girls to soccer practice, and dads toss the football a few times. Perfectionist parents keep their child competitive not by guiding them and helping them on a daily basis, but by yelling them once a school quarter when report cards come out. Because the public resides at a sixth grade skill level, parents typically can only help their children with homework up to sixth grade, and beyond that they are at a loss. There are exceptions, such as parents who are academics or teachers, but they are too small a minority. Teachers are happy, as they have a secure job from 8 to 5, and the more they work, the more they get paid. The more school programs there are with federal or state funding, the more money they get. The more schools have the programs, the more funding and perks they receive from federal benefactors. Everyone is happy, that is, except for the students. But who cares? Who are they to complain? What do they know? Those with the gold make the rules, and all students have is some pocket change for cookies and milk. As is well known, in school, you spend more time learning how to obey and what to think, instead of and how to think and think for yourself. The fact of the matter is that at least 3/4 of the time spent in school is a waste. Remember back to elementary school and how much time was spent on behavioral conditioning. You will then realize that so much of what looks like learning is actually programming. Remember all the time and energy spent learning cursive. Yet by the time students enter high school, they rarely write in proper cursive anymore, let alone good handwriting, and even less so in college. Teachers don’t care unless it’s totally illegible. What then, was the point of all those years of reward and punishment learning how to make the “t bar” just the right size, how to write the cursive “G”, to keep the upper, middle, and lower zones in the right proportions? The only thing it consistently produces is a conditioned fear of punishment or disapproval and conformity to the wishes of authority. Students are not at fault But that’s not the worst part. The worst part is that public schools not only have a crappy curriculum, they actually oppress their students by forcing them to participate in it. It is one thing to offer a profundity of shallow assignments, and quite another to make students do them. Simply put, students are forcefully occupied with junk to prevent them from learning something useful. Almost everything important I have learned, I learned on my own time outside school. During junior high, the assignments given to me were few, and I often completed them in class. This left me with enough time to go to the library to begin my study of metaphysics and the paranormal, to learn truth on my own and experiment with what I had learned to confirm the nature of absolute truth. I may be an exception, but if they had doubled my workload with fluff then I would have been forced away from learning on my own. Well, that’s precisely what has happened with newer generation of children entering the school system. With every year, quantity of homework increases and quality of the material goes down. As I progressed through high school, increasingly useless assignments were given to me which taught me nothing (and believe me, I searched for something useful in them) but occupied my time nonetheless. What was being taught to me was compartmentalized, full of holes and errors, shallow, and politically correct to the point of nonsense. Was it my duty to integrate the parts and learn the material well enough to be applied? Sure, but the sheer quantity of homework prevented me from finding time to do just that. Quantity over quality once again. At the time of writing, I am in a state college, and it’s no different. The oppression continues, except now I’m getting wiser and have caught onto their tricky scheme to graduate robots instead of humans. I wish I had more time to do research related to this site, to learn true physics and history, to continue writing music, and make a difference. But this time is eroded by the wasteful components of the school curriculum. Students, except for a few genuine slackers, are not at fault when lagging in critical thinking skills. They are not being held back by their own laziness, but by direct oppression from a system with the power to punish them or put a bad mark on their transcripts if they don’t give up their individual pursuits of knowledge in favor of hollow schoolwork. Overloading creates dysfunction There are multiple consequences to this program of quantity over quality. Children are under a lot of stress nowadays in schools due to this, and as a consequence they shift into a survival mode. This survival mode consists of taking shortcuts and getting by with the least amount of effort possible, but even this small amount of effort is too much and applied toward futile ends. Grades become an ends to a means, and the true goal of education is detached from daily work. Studying is only applied toward taking the test, but not for retention thereafter. Escapism takes hold and watching television, taking drugs, engaging in delinquent behavior, and over-socialization result. This further detracts a student from learning what’s truly needed. Under such stress, the student body splits into two groups: those who conform and those who fail. The ones who conform learn the rules of the game, no matter how illogical they are and play the game to the satisfaction of the faculty. They become detached from reality, from what truly matters, and are stifled in their potential as they are stripped of their inspiration, creativity, and originality. Quantity over quality matters as part of the survival mode, and there is no profit in overdoing quality when the profits of doing so are decades away in the reaping. Due to this survival mentality, thinking that far into the future is neglected. The ones who conform become robotized and are respected for how well they fit the mold. What was once innate curiosity to discover the world is turned into neurotic attempts to escape failure. The ones who do not conform fall behind unless they are clever enough to find another source of education that befits them. Their grades are mediocre as they are disillusioned with the system and no longer care about pleasing it. Chances of graduation and pursuing higher education is slim, and most of these either drop out or graduate and immediately acquire low paying jobs. The price of refusal to conform is rejection into substandard wage earning. Either way, those entering public education leave either as robots or peasants, hyperbolically speaking. The system itself Teachers are not to blame either. They are like soldiers in the trenches fighting a war to educate the public, taking orders from their superiors who have no idea what the current conditions are on the front lines. Or maybe some do and have ulterior motives. Teachers are overstressed, underpaid, and restricted in their ability to respond to what they perceive in the classroom. Due to political correctness, threat of legal action by parents, and contrite school boards scared of disapproval by a vocal minority with big political clout, teachers are confined to a tight curriculum they are forced to follow. They are forced to teach some things and not allowed to teach others, such guidelines being set by a panel of nodding puppets with no clue as to what the truth is, let alone initiative to spread it should they know the truth. These puppets are those who design the school curriculum, who despite once being teachers themselves, are for the majority removed from the classroom feedback mechanism. It’s the little things that contribute to an oppressive atmosphere in schools. Notwithstanding the social atmosphere, teachers on a strained school budget worry about saving paper, staples, or tape. When my high school received thousands of dollars of funding from the community, it used that money to expand its inventory of computers that weren’t even needed just to keep up with the politically correct trend for schools to be technologically current. That money should have been used for the little things, such as office supplies. Wasted extravagance in one place, poverty in another, a microcosm of our world. Disruptive students are put in the same class with well-behaving ones, creating academic socialism whereby equality is maintained by dragging up the idiots at the expense of the smart ones. Separating students on the wrong criteria leads to incongruities and a breakdown of the system and its components. Putting them into grades by age, when they should be instead separated by level of knowledge and skill, results in academic entropy whereby the smart become dumb and the dumb learn how to waste other’s time. Teachers spend more of this time teaching children how to shut up and sit still than to pay attention and think. Because they are very limited in their methods of discipline, teachers and students suffer as the idiotic and delinquent minority ruins it all for the rest. Friction within the system from misplacement of resources induces hatred among its components, as each is suffering and blaming one another instead of blaming the system itself. In fact, the system is set up such that the components feed off one another in a long-term downward spiral. Teachers have contempt for the students and often make an effort to take out aggression upon them, seeing them as the enemy and cause of their own stress. Students see authority as something to be defied unless they are already broken by it. Teachers make up illogical rules to test how well students obey, such as making them walk a certain way through the library, or not enter or leave certain exits at certain times, and other minor things which irritate students and allow faculty to feel good when they exert their powers. This tension between student and teacher shatters trust between them, and any teaching and learning between them enters the domain of negative reinforcement. Instead of them loving and respecting one another, they hate each other but do what they are supposed to, to avoid consequences if they do otherwise. When you see a student, what you’re really seeing is someone low on ambition and initiative, but starving for recognition and self-esteem. This is a symptom of a system that is anti-life, anti-individualism, and anti-spirit. Compressing a wonderful human into a precise block to fit perfectly into cubicle induces the survival mode of life. Knowledge, having been made into the source of his distress, is put at the bottom of his list of priorities, as he has to do whatever is possible to regain his self-esteem, recognition, and peace of mind. However, he must do so within the confines of the system. Dysfunction results. Instead of individualism meaning thinking for oneself and seeking one’s own truth and sense of morality, individualism becomes wearing freaky clothing, having funny hair, and garnering attention via infantile vulgarity no matter if it is for fame or infamy. These superficial methods are all that are still legal within the system. The true human spirit, however, is suppressed. Those who are broken follow the teacher’s illogical rules and learn to trust authority over their own potentials. In this, they become a cog in the wheel. Breaking orders is taboo to them, something they get very nervous about when it happens, and they certainly don’t do it willingly. They become neurotics and unstable perfectionists who stand high on shaky foundations. Once their individuality is broken, they become robots very good at their tasks. Many go on to college, absorb what’s fed to them and become academicians with a groovy little niche and nice income in their fields of research or industry. But however wonderful that sounds, they are robots and nothing more. Or to make another analogy, they are cows. They don’t know that being the best cow still doesn’t make you a cowboy. The straight track We hear stories of entrepreneurs who strike it rich after dropping out of college and pursuing their dreams. We hear stories of those who go from rags to riches, of those who defied convention and revolutionized the world. But what do we hear in school? We hear that these people are the exception, not the rule. That is certainly true statistically speaking, but what the system is implying is that you are the rule, not the exception, so don’t even try to deviate from the straight track. The straight track is what students are being taught by the system, concerning the course of their lives. The straight track told to high school students goes as follows: You need to do your assignment to get a good grade. When you get good grades, your transcript will be favored by employers and colleges. You might even get scholarships to go to a good college. If you’re good in college, you’ll get a degree and have good chances of getting a good job. And with a good job you’ll have a good wife, good kids, and a good life. What they’re really saying is this: Don’t worry about changing the world, just concentrate on getting good grades because that is the only measure of what you’re worth in the eyes of those you’ll serve. Go to college and find your quiet niche in the world, where you’ll be secure in your job because you’re so specialized, there’s no one else in the world who can take your place. You’ll be working to maintain the system as you’re seen fit. Focus all your energy into this specialized area and don’t worry about making an impact on the world because as long as you stay specialized and compartmentalized, we’ll clothe you, feed you, give you a good family, and bury you in a good plot of land. Deviating from the track is abhorred by the system. If you show initiative and take risks, you become a statistical outlier, an anomaly in their statistical models, someone who poses a threat to the system because you are a seed with the potential to overturn the mirrors and reveal the truth behind this silent war. Defy In this lies the point of the article. You cannot be successful, recognized, or a true human being unless you defy the system in areas that deserve to be defied. If you only do what you’re told, you’ll be no better than average. The system has been designed by the biggest corporation of all, the state. Public schools either turn out worker drones who serve the state and its partnering greedy corporations, or else they turn out welfare recipients who are an excuse for the state to maintain its colossal parasitic size and an idiotic consumer base to buy these corporations useless toys and poisons. So many students are under this illusion, the illusion being that they either follow the straight track and try to be the best cow in the herd to maintain financial and social security, or else defy the system and fail miserably, ending up as a bum on the street. You are seen as a social failure if you defy the system. If you measure your success by what the system deems is successful, then you will fear deviating from the straight track because that is a sign of failure. However, you must therefore redesign your standards of success. Would dropping out of a state college make you a failure? In the eyes of other cows, maybe, but pursuing a better education elsewhere be it independently or real world experience would more than make up for it. How many famous people do you know who did everything they were told and nothing more, who never took risks for fear of defying the status quo? Not very many. Conclusion The lesson is that not only must you take risks and utilize your innate initiative, you must also get over your fear of defying the system and do so to get ahead of the herd. You are the exception, not the rule, because you have the power to be. Now, the robots in the system are definitely needed. We still need employees, soldiers, and scientists who are specialized in what they do, but presently there is an overabundance among these. Therefore, the emergence of individualists, generalists, and entrepreneurs is encouraged. And the only way for them to increase in numbers is for people like you to break out of the mold and fulfill your destiny as a human, not a machine.
Gerardo Leyva Hernández Gerardo Leyva Hernández (born 11 May 1967) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. From 2009 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Zacatecas. References Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:People from Fresnillo Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) Category:Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians Category:21st-century Mexican politicians
Thai Army chief stages military coup Thailand’s army chief announced in an address to the nation on Thursday that the armed forces were seizing power after months of deadly political turmoil. “In order for the country to return to normal quickly the National Peace Keeping Committee comprised of the army, the Thai armed forces, the Royal Air Force and the police need to seize power as of May 22 at 4.30 pm,” army chief Prayut Chan-O-Cha said. He said the takeover would not affect international relations. Thai soldiers earlier took the leader of anti-government protests out of a meeting of all factions, witnesses said. Hundreds of extra troops arrived at the venue from where Suthep Thaugsuban, who has been leading more than six months of anti-government protests, was taken away.
National Lawyers Guild - Center on American-Islamic Relationshttp://www.nlg.org/taxonomy/term/414 enLetter to House Education Committee to Oppose Anti-Boycott Bill H.R. 4009http://www.nlg.org/resource/letters/letter-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill-hr-4009 <div class="field-body"> <p><a href="//www.nlg.org/sites/default/files/Letter-re-HR4009-Kline_2-11-14_CCR-NLG-CAIR_1.pdf#overlay-context=resource/letters/letter-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill-hr-4009">Download PDF</a></p> <p>Read the related press release <a href="http://The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) and the Council on American-Islamic Relations-USA (CAIR-USA) sent members of the House of Representatives Education and the Workforce Committee a letter urging them to oppose legislation that would deny federal funding to colleges and universities that participate in a boycott of Israeli academic institutions or scholars. According to the legislation’s sponsors, H.R. 4009 was drafted in response to the American Studies Association’s recent resolution to boycott Israeli academic institutions.">here</a>. </p> <p> </p> </div> <h3 class="field-label"> Image </h3> <div class="field-image"> <img typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://www.nlg.org/sites/default/files/document_images/1413-0.jpg" width="425" height="550" alt="" /> </div> <h3 class="field-label"> Series </h3> <div class="field-series"> <a href="/resource/letters" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Letters</a> </div> <h3 class="field-label"> Tags </h3> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/284" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center for Constitutional Rights</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/414" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center on American-Islamic Relations</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/417" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Boycott</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/176" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">BDS</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/175" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Israel</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/222" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Palestine</a> </div> Thu, 06 Mar 2014 16:16:28 +0000Tasha1076 at http://www.nlg.orghttp://www.nlg.org/resource/letters/letter-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill-hr-4009#commentsAcademic Freedom Act threatens academic freedom?http://www.nlg.org/news/in-the-media/academic-freedom-act-threatens-academic-freedom <div class="field-creator"> Abdus-Sattar Ghazali </div> <div class="field-media-source"> OpEdNews </div> <div class="field-publication-date"> <span class="date-display-single" property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2014-02-16T00:00:00-05:00">Sun, 02/16/2014</span> </div> <div class="field-original-url"> <a href="http://www.opednews.com/articles/Academic-Freedom-Act-threa-by-Abdus-Sattar-Ghaza-Academic-Freedom_Association_Backlash_Boycott-140216-464.html">View the original piece</a> </div> <div class="field-body"> <div> </div> <div>Congressman Roskam, the Chief Deputy Whip and co-chair of the House Republican Israel Caucus, and Democratic Rep. from Illinois Dan Lipinski have recently introduced the so called "Protect Academic Freedom Act" that would deny federal funding to colleges and universities that participate in a boycott of Israeli academic institutions or scholars.</div> <div> </div> <div>According to the legislation's sponsors, the bill was drafted in response to the American Studies Association's recent resolution to boycott Israeli academic institutions. The prestigious 5,000-member-ASA resolution bans "formal collaborations with Israeli academic institutions, or with scholars who are expressly serving as representatives or ambassadors of those institutions."</div> <div> </div> <div>The Act says: "The Secretary shall consider an institution of higher education to be participating in a boycott of Israeli academic institutions or scholars if the institution, any significant part of the institution , or any organization significantly funded by the institution adopts a policy or resolution, issues a statement , or otherwise formally establishes the restriction of discourse, cooperation, exchange, or any other involvement with academic institutions or scholars on the basis of the connection of such institutions or such scholars to the state of Israel." </div> <div> </div> <div>Not surprisingly, the Protect Academic Freedom Act was backed by the former Ambassador to US, Michael Oren, who described the bill as the first legislation that defends Israel against discriminatory boycotts. "As a citizen of Israel and its former ambassador to the United States, as well as an historian and visiting professor on leading American campuses, I strongly support this courageous initiative. It can be the turning point in the struggle against the de-legitimization of the Jewish State."</div> <div> </div> <div>The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) and the Council on American-Islamic Relations-USA (CAIR-USA) sent members of the House of Representatives Education and the Workforce Committee a letter urging them to oppose legislation.</div> <div> </div> <div>The CCR, NLG and CAIR-USA letter urges lawmakers to recognize that denying federal aid based on such protected speech violates the First Amendment and threatens academic freedom. It stresses that boycotts to bring about political, social and economic change are protected speech under the First Amendment, and warns that legislation to deny public funding in response to the assertion of unpopular views would likely face Constitutional challenges. The letter also notes that the United States is itself a product of a colonial boycott against British, Irish, and West Indian goods.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>The Maryland Bills</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>Interestingly, two bills were recently introduced in Annapolis that are designed to limit First Amendment rights in Maryland universities and college campuses by targeting student groups that participate in the campaign for boycotts, divestments, and sanctions (BDS). </div> <div> </div> <div>These identical bills - SB647 and HB998 - introduced respectively in the Senate and House by Senator Conway and Delegate Kramer - restrict activities of campus student groups which engage in peaceful boycotts against universities and colleges of other countries. They prohibit peaceful dissent by withholding state funding to Maryland's institutions of higher learning. </div> <div> </div> <div>The Baltimore Sun, in a commentary said the Maryland bills do threaten academic freedom and aim to squelch the free exchange of ideas. "The bills would forbid public institutions of higher learning from providing financial support for individual scholars who want to join the ASA or attend one of its conferences."</div> <div> </div> <div>The Baltimore Sun writer Melani McAlister went to say: Let's be clear about what the bills would mean in practical terms. National scholarly conferences are crucial for academics; it is where they present and discuss their ideas. But under these bills, a professor or graduate student would face economic and intellectual pressure".. Opposition to this kind of legislation has been voiced by the American Association of University Professors, the Middle East Studies Association, and many others, including the New York Times, which opposed the New York bill. It is vital that our universities and colleges remain a space of free and open discussion, where dissenting voices can be heard and ideas are freely exchanged. A healthy democracy requires that we support debate, especially when the issues are so charged."</div> <div> </div> <div>Local, state, and national organizations are mobilizing to respond to this unconstitutional legislation. In Maryland, organizations defending academic freedom and the Constitution include ACLU-MD, Jewish Voice for Peace, Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition, Jews Say No, Defending Dissent, Jewish Voice for Peace - DC, Center for Constitutional Rights, American Association of University Professors, UMD Students for Justice in Palestine, and many more. </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>The New York State Bill</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>In a statement, the New York Civil Liberties Union said that New York's state legislature was poised to pass legislation that would prohibit any college or university from using state monies to fund academic groups that support or promote a boycott against institutions of higher education or their host countries. The prohibition would apply to any such institution chartered by New York's Board of Regents of the state university.</div> <div> </div> <div>The legislation presents complex issues of law, policy and politics --issues that require rigorous analysis, debate and deliberation, the NYACLU said adding: "The Supreme Court has held that the advocacy of boycotts is a form of ideological expression protected by the First Amendment." </div> <div> </div> <div>The NYACLU pointed out that the proposed legislation implicates core principles of First Amendment doctrine as regards academic freedom, as well as complex issues of foreign policy - not to mention important questions about the role of the state legislature in addressing such issues.</div> <div> </div> <div> <div>The 48,000-member American Association of University Professors which opposes the boycott has also opposed the New York Assembly's bill.</div> <div> </div> <div>While opposing the Bill, the AAUP pointed out that the bill - now on hold - would prohibit colleges and universities from using state aid to fund academic groups or associations that have passed resolutions or taken official actions to promote boycotts against higher education institutions in countries where the New York Board of Regents charters institutions, including Israel, Lebanon, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. The proposed legislation would also prohibit a college or university from using state funding to pay membership dues to those associations or to reimburse travel or lodging for an employee attending any meeting of such an association.</div> <div> </div> <div>The AAUP as an organization, however, opposes all such boycotts, including the one endorsed by the ASA, because they are inimical to principles of academic freedom. However, Assembly Bill A.8392, if enacted, could impose greater restrictions on the academic freedom of faculty members in New York than are threatened by the ASA boycott resolution"..The bill would also penalize faculty members whose participation in the ASA or any similar organization is unrelated to the organization's stance on a boycott--even those faculty members seeking to reverse the organization's support for a boycott.</div> <div> </div> <div>The AAUP is concerned that the decision by the ASA to endorse an academic boycott of Israel is producing a backlash that is potentially as dangerous, or more so, than the boycott itself. Another example is the response of the Jewish organization Hillels of Georgia, which, by its own account, "compiled a list of all the Georgian professors or graduate students that voted in favor of the boycott, listed where they work, and encouraged our student body to choose wisely when they register for classes." This measure, the organization states, "sends a clear message to university staff that they do not live in an ivory tower, and that their actions can and will have consequences on their immediate lives." In fact, this compilation is tantamount to a political blacklist, reminiscent of the McCarthy era.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Israel Is Alarmed</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>Alarmed by the increasing momentum of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement, at least two senior Israeli cabinet ministers, as well as the Prime Minister, have issued statements on the boycotts in recent days. Finance Minister Yair Lapid told Army Radio on Feb 3 that the boycott could cost the economy 11 billion Israeli shekels and nearly 10,000 jobs. He noted Germany was talking about banning settlement products and warned ''it will hit the pocket of every Israeli if we don't deal with it.''</div> <div> </div> <div>Israel is also alarmed at the new European Union guidelines that explicitly state no EU grants, prizes or financial instruments, such as loans, can be issued to Israeli entities operating beyond the Green Line (that divides Israel and the Palestinian territories), including the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights. The British government's warning to businesses in December last over trading with Israeli settlements in the West Bank has also raised concern.</div> <div> </div> <div>According to the Sydney Morning Herald, in the past fortnight alone, the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global, has been barred from investing in two Israeli companies due to their ''serious violations'' of individual rights, while Denmark's largest bank added an Israeli bank to its list of banned companies. Soon after, Danskse Bank, which had already withdrawn its investment from Africa Israel Investments and Danya Cebus, announced it was banning investment in Bank Hapoalim because the latter is funding settlement construction.</div> <div> </div> <div>Inspired by the boycott campaign against apartheid in South Africa that was designed to pressure the government to overturn racial segregation, the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement was formed in 2005 by Palestinians.</div> </div> <p> </p> </div> <h3 class="field-label"> Tags </h3> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/222" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Palestine</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/175" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Israel</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/98" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">First Amendment</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/250" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">free speech</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/416" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Divestment</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/414" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center on American-Islamic Relations</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/284" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center for Constitutional Rights</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/417" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Boycott</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/370" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Sanctions</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/176" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">BDS</a> </div> Sun, 16 Feb 2014 16:43:35 +0000Tasha1054 at http://www.nlg.orghttp://www.nlg.org/news/in-the-media/academic-freedom-act-threatens-academic-freedom#commentsCCR, NLG and CAIR-USA Ask House Education Committee to Oppose Anti-Boycott Billhttp://www.nlg.org/news/in-the-media/ccr-nlg-and-cair-usa-ask-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill <div class="field-media-source"> Center for Constitutional Rights </div> <div class="field-publication-date"> <span class="date-display-single" property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2014-02-12T00:00:00-05:00">Wed, 02/12/2014</span> </div> <div class="field-original-url"> <a href="http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/ccr%2C-nlg-and-cair-usa-ask-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill">View the original piece</a> </div> <div class="field-body"> <div> </div> <div><strong>Advocates Assert Bill Violates First Amendment</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>February 12, 2014, New York - The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) and the Council on American-Islamic Relations-USA (CAIR-USA) sent members of the House of Representatives Education and the Workforce Committee a <a href="http://www.ccrjustice.org/files/Letter-re-HR4009-Kline_2-11-14_CCR-NLG-CAIR.pdf">letter</a> urging them to oppose legislation that would deny federal funding to colleges and universities that participate in a boycott of Israeli academic institutions or scholars. According to the legislation’s sponsors, H.R. 4009 was drafted in response to the American Studies Association’s recent <a href="http://www.theasa.net/american_studies_association_resolution_on_academic_boycott_of_israel">resolution</a> to boycott Israeli academic institutions. </div> <div> </div> <div>“The Congressional anti-boycott bill is a clear violation of the First Amendment,” said Maria LaHood, Senior Staff Attorney with the Center for Constitutional Rights. “By singling out for punishment advocacy for boycotts aimed at changing Israeli policy, the bill’s sponsors attempt to dictate what kind of political speech is acceptable on college campuses, where free inquiry and debate should be able to thrive without government interference.”</div> <div> </div> <div>The CCR, NLG and CAIR-USA letter urges lawmakers to recognize that denying federal aid based on such protected speech violates the First Amendment and threatens academic freedom. It stresses that boycotts to bring about political, social and economic change are protected speech under the First Amendment, and warns that legislation to deny public funding in response to the assertion of unpopular views would likely face Constitutional challenges. The letter also notes that the United States is itself a product of a colonial boycott against British, Irish, and West Indian goods.</div> <div> </div> <div>"This McCarthyist bill seeks to punish universities engaged in the honored American tradition of robust, political debate,” said Azadeh Shahshahani, President of the NLG. “It would have a chilling effect on free speech and advocacy for Palestinian rights." </div> <div> </div> <div> "It is clearly unconstitutional for members of Congress to attempt to legislate against political viewpoints with which they disagree," said CAIR Government Affairs Manager Robert McCaw. "The same peaceful method of political activism has been used to challenge injustice in America and worldwide, including against one of the greatest forms of injustice in our time -- Apartheid."</div> <div> </div> <div>The American Studies Association endorsed a resolution in December, 2013 to boycott Israeli academic institutions in protest of the central role that they play in Israel’s denial of Palestinian human rights, in an effort to contribute to the larger movement for social justice in Israel/Palestine. The ASA resolution calling for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions is available <a href="http://www.theasa.net/american_studies_association_resolution_on_academic_boycott_of_israel">here</a>, and an explanation of the resolution is available <a href="http://www.theasa.net/what_does_the_academic_boycott_mean_for_the_asa/">here</a>.</div> <div> </div> <div>See the full <a href="http://www.ccrjustice.org/files/Letter-re-HR4009-Kline_2-11-14_CCR-NLG-CAIR.pdf">letter</a> to the House.</div> <div> </div> <div>See CCR’s <a href="http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/ccr-and-nlg-nyc-appeal-new-york-assembly-oppose-anti-boycott-bill">letter</a> to New York Assembly Members regarding the New York anti-boycott bill.</div> <div> </div> <div>For more information on the legality of academic boycott, please see Palestinian Solidarity Legal Support’s <a href="https://www.ccrjustice.org/files/FAQonLegalityofBoycott_1.10.14_FINAL_SH.pdf">frequently asked questions</a>. </div> <div> </div> <div><em>The National Lawyers Guild was formed in 1937 as the nation’s first racially integrated bar association to advocate for the protection of constitutional, human and civil rights.</em></div> <div> </div> <div><em>CAIR's vision is to be a leading advocate for justice and mutual understanding. CAIR's mission is to enhance understanding of Islam, encourage dialogue, protect civil liberties, empower American Muslims, and build coalitions that promote justice and mutual understanding. </em></div> <div> </div> <div><em>The Center for Constitutional Rights is dedicated to advancing and protecting the rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Founded in 1966 by attorneys who represented civil rights movements in the South, CCR is a non-profit legal and educational organization committed to the creative use of law as a positive force for social change.</em></div> </div> <h3 class="field-label"> Tags </h3> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/222" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Palestine</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/250" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">free speech</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/98" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">First Amendment</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/284" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center for Constitutional Rights</a> </div> <div class="field-tags"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/414" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Center on American-Islamic Relations</a> </div> Wed, 12 Feb 2014 16:10:54 +0000Tasha1053 at http://www.nlg.orghttp://www.nlg.org/news/in-the-media/ccr-nlg-and-cair-usa-ask-house-education-committee-oppose-anti-boycott-bill#comments
Try out the Virtual Legal Assistant to take your notes as you use the website, build your case briefs and professionally manage your legal research. Also try out our Query Alert Service and enjoy an ad-free experience. Become a Premium Member for free for three months and pay only if you like it. letter to Chief IC on 01/08/11. reg change of commissioner for hearing of case. B. Kindly provide diary Us of each of the above appeals with Information as per the given format had been details of daily movement from the day it is received and furnished to the Appellant. diarized with noting of each officer through with the file However, no information regarding its movement passes before it is finally registered. from the day it was diarized till it was finally registered is maintained in the registries as indicated. C. Kindly provide diary numbers of all the cases registered in No such information in this regard is maintained the registries of Smt Deepak Sandhu and Smt. Sushma in this Commission as authenticated by the Singh from l March, 2011 in the format given by the designated officers of the registries of Information Appellant. Commissioner, Smt. Sushma Singh & Information Commissioner, Smt. Deepak Sandhu. D. Kindly provide list of 2nd appeals/complaints registered as No classifications are made for the senior citizens those of senior citizen in each registry from 1st January, at the level of registration. The information as 2010. Also, as cases of Sr. Citizen qualify for out of turn maintained in the registry of IC (AD) is enclosed. hearing, kindly provide details of cases heard out of turn in However, rest of the registries has stated that no each registry in last 3 years and also provide cases which such information i maintained. Further, it is thus have not been registered as those of senior citizens, in spite not possible to maintain any such record. of request. Page 1 of 3 E. Kindly provide list of 2 appeals/complaints u/s 18 against The same information has been sought for by you Central Information Commission pending disposal with in your earlier RTI application dated 30.7.2011 CIC. Kindly provide this information with the name of which were disposed off by the Commission vide appellant and the date on which it was registered and likely CPIO letter no. CIC/CPIO/2011/1265 dated date of hearing. Appeals/complaints against CIC also have 2.9.2011. The response in this case also remains priority over other appeals. the same. A copy is enclosed once again. F. Kindly provide information with file notings as to why the The same information has been sought for by you case CIC/SM/A/2011/000118 & CIC/SM/A/2011/000362, in your earlier RTI application dated 30.7.2011 CIC/SM/AJ2011/366, CIC/SM/A/2011/00373 vs. CIC were which were disposed off by the Commission vide heard out of turn when CIC/SM/AJ2011/000164/ CPIO letter no. CIC/CPIO/2011/1265 dated CIC/SM/A/2011/173& CIC/SM/A/2011/ 203 2.9.2011. The response in this case also remains CIC/SM/A/2011/204 of this applicant, being a senior citizen, the same. A copy is enclosed once again. registered prior to the said cases are still pending hearing. Also, CIC/SM/A/2011/355 vs. Election Commission was heard out of turn when the case # CIC/SM/A/2011/000171 of this applicant, being a senior citizen, is pending for hearing. G. Kindly provide information on the action taken against The same information has been sought for by you officers/staff responsible for delay in registration of appeal # in your earlier RTI application dated 30.7.2011 CIC/SS/A/2011/001108-which was lodged on 24/03/2011 which were disposed off by the Commission vide but registered only on 15/07/2011 & appeal # CPIO letter no. CIC/CPIO/2011/1265 dated CIC/DS/AJ2011/1800 & 1801 lodged on 24/03/2011 but 2.9.2011. The response in this case also remains registered only on 29/07/2011. Kindly also provide reasons the same. A copy is enclosed once again. for delay. H. Kindly provide information on whether the following No classifications are made for the senior citizens appeals/complaints of undersigned have been registered as at the level of registration. However, if the those of senior citizen as requested in the petition itself If appellant/complainant submits supporting yes, when the hearing likely to take place and if no kindly documentary proof that they falL within senior provide the reasons for the same as Sr. Citizens have priority citizens category, the matter would be taken up by in terms of notification # CIC/Legal/2007/006 of CC dated the Commission on priority basis as indicated in 13th February, 2008. notification no. CIC/LEOAL/2007/006 dated lath ClC/DS/A/2011/1800 & 1801, CIC/SS/A/2011/001108, February, 2008. However, the current status of CIC/SM/A/2011/1790 & 1791, 1792, these cases is mentioned below. CIC/SS/A/2011/001259. For- CIC/DS/A/2011/1800 & 1801- As informed by the registry of IC (DS), has been registered and these files are taken in the senior citizen category and are placed before the Hon. IC for orders. For- CIC/SS/A/2011/001108- As informed by the registry of IC (SS) There has been no such provision of registration of appeal under the categories of senior citizen. However, the date hearing of Case No.CIC/SS/A/2011/001108 has been scheduled for 26.9.2011. The notice for hearing is being issue separately from the concerned file. For- CIC/SM/A/2011/1790 & 1791, 1792- As informed by the registry of Chief IC, the appeals have been noted as that of Senior Citizens. These will be taken up for further processing when their turn comes after giving them due priority. For- CIC/SS/A/ 2011/001259- As informed by the registry of IC (SS), the hearing is yet to be scheduled, which will take some more time. I. Kindly provide copy of the explanation received in response The designated officer of the IC (SG) has stated as to show-cause notice issued in CIC/AD/C/2011/000793/SG, under: "The explanation runs into 18 pages. The Page 2 of 3 due on 18/08/2011 and the action taken on the same. same will be provided after payment of Rs. 38/- Rs. 2/- per page as photocopying charges." J. Kindly provide copy of the explanation received in response The designated officer of the Chief I.C has stated to show-cause notice issued in CIC/SM/C/2010/001174, and as under: "A copy of the explanation received the action taken on the same. from the concerned CPIO along with the comments of the Appellate Authority, is enclosed herewith. It has been placed on the file and action on the same is yet to be taken." K. Kindly provide copies of response to show-cause notices in The designated officer of the Chief IC has stated disposal of complaints against u/s 18 of RTI Act, 2005 as under:- issued from 01/01/2011 by CIC Shri Satyanand Mishra and "There are very large numbers of cases in which the action taken on the same. show cause notices have been issued. It is not possible to provide copies of the responses received as it would disproportionately divert the resources of the Public Authority". L. Kindly provide copy of report on functioning of RTI Cell as The designated officer of the Chief I.C has stated was directed by CIC in the case # CIC/WB/A/2010/000646- as under: "A copy of the report on the functioning SM. of the RTI Cell of dc is enclosed herewith, as desired." Grounds for the First Appeal: Incomplete and unsatisfactory information provided by the PIO. Order of the First Appellate Authority (FAA): The FAA disposed off the appeal directing the PIO to provide the reply to the requisite queries within 15 working days. Grounds for the Second Appeal: Incomplete and unsatisfactory information provided by the PIO despite the order by the FAA. The PIO states that the information available on the records has been provided to the Appellant. The Appellant is expressing certain dissatisfaction with the working of the Commission. The PIO has no role to play in this. Decision: The Appeal is disposed. Information available on the records appears to have been provided. This decision is announced in open chamber. Notice of this decision be given free of cost to the parties. Any information in compliance with this Order will be provided free of cost as per Section 7(6) of RTI Act.
1. Field of the Invention The present disclosure relates to a phase locked loop realizing high bandwidth using a rising edge and a falling edge of a reference signal and a feedback signal. 2. Description of the Related Art A phase locked loop PLL is a frequency feedback circuit for generating an output signal with desired frequency and phase in response to a reference signal (clock signal) inputted from an external device, and it has been widely used in a frequency synthesizer or a clock recovery circuit, etc. FIG. 1 is a view illustrating schematically a charge pump type phase locked loop as an example of a conventional analog phase locked loop. In FIG. 1, the conventional analog phase locked loop 100 includes a phase frequency detector (PFD) 110, a charge pump (CP 120), a loop filter 130 and a voltage control oscillator 140. The phase frequency detector 110 outputs a phase difference signal by comparing a reference signal with a feedback signal. The charge pump 120 supplies charges in proportion to a pulse width of the phase difference signal, and the loop filter 130 changes a voltage according to change of amount of charged charges. The voltage control oscillator 140 outputs a signal having a specific frequency depending on the changed voltage, i.e. control voltage. The signal outputted from the voltage control oscillator 150 is inputted to the phase frequency detector 110 by feedback. The phase frequency detector 110 compares generally only one of a rising edge or a falling edge of the reference signal and the feedback signal, and outputs the signal in proportion to the phase difference of the reference signal and the feedback signal. The analog phase locked loop 100 may include further a divider (not shown). The divider locates on a feedback path, and divides a frequency of the signal outputted from the voltage control oscillator 150. In the conventional analog phase locked loop 100, the bandwidth of the analog phase locked loop 100 should be widened so as to enhance detection velocity of phase and frequency. However, the bandwidth of the phase locked loop 100 is limited to 1/10 or less of a frequency of the reference signal to assure stability of the phase locked loop 100, due to a sampling operation of detecting the phase difference at the rising edge or the falling edge of the reference signal and the feedback signal. FIG. 2 is a view illustrating schematically conventional digital phase locked loop. In FIG. 2, the conventional digital phase locked loop 200 includes a time-to-digital converter (TDC) 210, a digital loop filter (DLF) 220 and a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) 230. The TDC 210 outputs a digital code corresponding to phase difference between rising edges of a reference signal and a feedback signal. The digital loop filter 220 provides a digital code for controlling a frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator 230 by low-pass-filtering the digital code outputted from the TDC 210. The digital phase locked loop 200 may include further also a divider (not shown). The divider locates on a feedback path, and divides a frequency of the signal outputted from the digitally controlled oscillator 230. FIG. 3 is a view illustrating conceptually operation waveform of the digital phase locked loop in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, it is assumed that the TDC 210 outputs a digital code corresponding to negative decimal number when the rising edge of the feedback signal precedes the rising edge of the reference signal, and outputs a digital code corresponding to positive decimal number when the rising edge of the feedback signal follows the rising edge of the reference signal. Since the rising edge of the feedback signal precedes the rising edge of the reference signal, the TDC 210 outputs the digital code corresponding to the negative decimal number, and an absolute value of an output of the TDC 210 reduces because phase difference between the rising edges of the signals reduces according as a time lapses. The digital loop filter 220 low-pas-filters the output of the TDC 210, thereby controlling the frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator 230 once every period. However, the bandwidth of the conventional digital phase locked loop 200 is also limited to 1/10 or less of a frequency of the reference signal so as to assure stability, like the analog phase locked loop.
Q: Is there any component or possibility to create charts/diagrams/plots in NativeBase? I have huge problem. I'm complitly new to ReactNative, and I am forced to transfer entire project to NativeBase (Because company bought a layout, and they HAVE TO used it...), and I'm fine with it, it looks really good so far. But, there is a but. Application which I'm currently developing needs to contains chars, like this: And my probles is that template which I've got, doesn't want to install victory-native. I've got errors like "This is related to npm not able to find a file" Some delegates file inside node_module directory. There is any way to get charts with using nativeBase components? Sorry if this is trivial question, but I couldn't find anything connected to this matter in google. Thanks for your help. And last question, Is that true that templates bought with nativeBase are open only do developers on Mac's and Linux? Why not windows? A: So, I we manage to add Victory-charts library to the project, after "npm install [email protected]" and then npm install victory-chart. I don't know why this issue existed, but maybe it would be usefull for someone in future.
Carbamazepine treatment of psychosis. Implications for patient welfare and nursing practice. 1. The antiseizure medication carbamazepine, when used to treat psychosis, does not produce the same side effects that appear as problematic in neuroleptic treatment, most notably tardive dyskinesia. 2. Carbamazepine has useful sedating, antianxiety, and antidepressant properties that make it an effective treatment for manic psychosis. 3. Nursing actions include assisting psychiatry in establishing and maintaining effective carbamazepine treatment, ensuring safe treatment, enhancing the patient's self-care agency, and facilitating research regarding the effects of carbamazepine treatment.
795 F.Supp.2d 166 (2011) STRATUS TECHNOLOGIES BERMUDA LTD and Stratus Technologies, Inc. v. ENSTRATUS NETWORKS, LLC. Civil Action No. 10-11384-RWZ. United States District Court, D. Massachusetts. July 7, 2011. *167 David J. Byer, Phi Lan M. Tinsley, Andrea B. Reed, K & L Gates LLP, Boston, MA, for Stratus Technologies Bermuda Ltd and Stratus Technologies, Inc. Michael R. Coppock, Rubin & Rudman, LLP, Boston, MA, Randall Eugene Kahnke, Faegre & Benson, Thomas Carretta, Minneapolis, MN, for EnStratus Networks, LLC. ORDER ZOBEL, District Judge. Plaintiffs Stratus Technologies Bermuda LTD and Stratus Technologies, Inc. (together, "Stratus") sue enStratus Networks, LLC for (1) trademark infringement under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1114; (2) false representation in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a); (3) trademark dilution in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c); (4) common law trademark infringement; (5) trademark dilution in violation of Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 110H; (6) trademark dilution in violation of Minn.Stat. § 333.285; (7) unfair trade practices in violation Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A, § 11; and (8) deceptive trade practices in violation of Minn. Stat. § 325D.44. Defendant moved to dismiss under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b) for lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue, and failure to state a claim. The parties engaged in limited discovery concerning the jurisdiction and venue issues, plaintiff filed an opposition, and the motion is now ripe for decision. I. Background The facts, as set forth in the complaint, are that Stratus is a Massachusetts based business, founded in 1980, that provides both hardware and software-based "fault-tolerant" computing services for "critical business operations." Compl. ¶ 10, Docket # 1. These services are sold throughout the Untied States and worldwide. The company has continuously used the trademark "Stratus" since 1982, and the trademark has been registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") in various permutations since 1984. Certificates of Registration, Docket # 1 Ex. B. *168 Defendant enStratus is a Delaware LLC with a principle place of business in Minnesota that provides "virtual servers... featuring fault monitoring and security management." EnStratus trademark application, Docket # 1 Ex. H. "Generally, Plaintiffs' goods and services serve identical purposes as Defendant's services ... including server hardware, fault-tolerant infrastructure software and hardware and information technology consulting services, assist [for] and support [of] virtualization environments." Compl. ¶ 28. The parties have overlapping customer bases and business relationships with some of the same companies. Id. at ¶¶ 31-32. Defendant first used the enStratus trademark in 2008 and filed a trademark application with the USPTO in 2009, which Stratus formally opposed. Docket # 1 Ex. H. II. Personal Jurisdiction and Venue A court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant in a case presenting a federal question if, as required by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, that defendant has either continuous and systematic contacts with the forum, creating general jurisdiction, or minimum contacts specifically related to the cause of action, giving rise to specific jurisdiction. U.S. v. Swiss Am. Bank, Ltd., 274 F.3d 610, 618 (1st Cir.2001). Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction and, if challenged, "must go beyond the pleadings and make affirmative proof." Id. at 618-19 (internal quotation marks omitted). Here, plaintiff relies on the existence of specific jurisdiction. Specific jurisdiction exists if (1) the litigation arises out of defendant's contacts with the forum; (2) those contacts were voluntary and purposeful such that involuntary presence before the forum's courts was foreseeable; and (3) it is reasonable taking into account considerations of fairness. See id. at 620-21. While the relevant forum for the due process analysis is the United States, it is the contacts with the Commonwealth that are critical because its long-arm statute establishes this court's territorial limitation of effective service. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(k); Swiss Am. Bank, 274 F.3d at 618. In other respects, the long arm statute extends "to the limits allowed by the Constitution of the United States." Daynard v. Ness, 290 F.3d 42, 52 (1st Cir.2002) (citing "Automatic" Sprinkler Corp. of Am. v. Seneca Foods Corp., 361 Mass. 441, 280 N.E.2d 423, 424 (1972)). Defendant sent marketing materials to 361 persons with Massachusetts contact information. Ex. 8 to Bagley Dep. at 3-16, Docket # 19; Bagley Dep. 67:20-68:23, Docket # 19 Ex. A. The company agreed to provide "Entry" computing services to five individuals who supplied a Massachusetts phone number and mailing address. Ex. 8 to Bagley Dep. at 2; website summary of "Entry" services, Ex. 7 to Bagley Dep. at 4. These contacts were made using the brand name enStratus, the term alleged to infringe the Stratus trademarks. When enStratus' CEO was asked whether people in Massachusetts could purchase enStratus services, he replied "I wish they would." Bagley Dep. 65:19-21. In the language of personal jurisdiction, this lawsuit arises out of enStratus' purposeful contacts with the Commonwealth and it was foreseeable that the company would be held accountable for those contacts in a Massachusetts court. Finally, the record does not disclose any reason why it would be unreasonably burdensome for this Minnesota defendant to litigate in Massachusetts. See N. Laminate Sales, Inc. v. Davis, 403 F.3d 14, 26 (1st Cir.2005) (listing factors to consider in a reasonableness analysis). To the contrary, enStratus sponsored a "CloudCamp," a meeting where "early adopters" gather to discuss *169 cloud computing, in Boston in both 2009 and 2010. EnStratus representatives gave presentations at both events. Ex. 2 to Reese Dep., Docket # 19; Ex. 6 to Bagley Dep. Venue is also proper in this district. A substantial portion of the events giving rise to the trademark claim occurred here, specifically, the marketing of enStratus services under the allegedly infringing enStratus brand name. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b). III. Failure to State a Claim Defendant argues that plaintiff has "failed to plead sufficient facts" to support a claim for trademark infringement. Def.'s Mot. to Dismiss 11, Docket # 7. "To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). To prevail on a claim of trademark infringement under either federal or Commonwealth law "a plaintiff must establish (1) that its mark is entitled to trademark protection, and (2) that the allegedly infringing use is likely to cause consumer confusion." E.g., Boston Duck Tours, LP v. Super Duck Tours, LLC, 531 F.3d 1, 12 (1st Cir.2008). Plaintiff has plausibly alleged trademark infringement and states a claim for relief. According to the complaint, the Stratus mark long predates any use of enStratus by defendants. The two companies provide similar goods and services and, in some instances, have partnerships and business relationships with the same companies. Examples of the trademarks are attached to the complaint and the marks for both companies emphasize the word "stratus." See, e.g., Docket # 1 Exs. E (Stratus logo), F ("enSTRATUS" logo on webpage), H (enStratus trademark application). In such circumstances confusion might occur. While defendant disputes many of the complaint's factual allegations, factual disputes cannot be resolved with a motion to dismiss. IV. Conclusion Defendant's motion to dismiss (Docket # 7) is DENIED.
Effect of P450 isozyme-selective inhibitors on in-vitro metabolism of retinoic acid by rat hepatic microsomes. Cytochrome P450-mediated 4-hydroxylation of retinoic acid is an important pathway in the termination of its biological action and the activity of certain P450 isozymes has been studied in non-induced male rat hepatic microsomes using isozyme-selective inhibitors. The importance of the activity of the isozyme to retinoic acid metabolism was, 2A6 (diethyl dithiocarbamate as selective inhibitor) > 1A1/1A2 (7,8-benzoflavone) >> 1A1 (ellipticine) > 3A4 (naringenin, ketoconazole) as shown by the respective apparent IC50 values of 0.12, 0.34, 2.7, 9.25 and 13.5 microM with 2C8-10, 2D6 and 2E1 having little effect on metabolism. It is concluded that although the P450 3A family normally constitutes half the total rat hepatic P450 activity, other hepatic isozymes (1A1, 1A2 and 2A6) are also involved in retinoic acid metabolism. This suggests that the horizons for the design of potential anticancer agents acting through inhibition of retinoic acid metabolism may be widened to include structures which do not resemble the established hetereocyclic base P450 3A4 inhibitors.
Q: Webmin doesn't work fine behind reverse proxy I have Webmin configured to listen on localhost:1000 and nginx configured to listen on my.domain.tld:80 with reverse proxy pointing to Webmin. This configuration works fine but sometimes I get 404 errors and HTTP headers say that this is Webmin's miniserv puts 302 redirects into them: HTTP/1.0 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Sun, 3 Jan 2010 11:38:46 GMT Server: MiniServ/0.01 Connection: close Location: http://my.domain.tld:10000/webmin/ Can you advice on how to disable this behavior? A: I had a very similar problem. However, my problem was specifically that after you login to Webmin, it would redirect to the non-proxied address and port. To further illustrate, assume I wanted webmin to appear to the outside post-proxy on 'https://example.com/admin/webmin', but it's really running on 'https://example.com:10000'. Going to the first address would display the login page, but redirect me to the second address (302 Moved Permanently). I could then type or paste the first address, and all would work as though I was logged in. I tried following the directions on the Webmin wiki, your suggestion above, and various other suggestions. Then I found the solution. I needed to add another ProxyReversePass to my Apache configuration, to catch the URL in the redirect. ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On SSLProxyEngine On ProxyPass /admin/webmin/ https://example.com:10000/ ProxyHTMLURLMap https://localhost:10000 /admin/webmin <Location /admin/webmin/> ProxyHTMLExtended On SetOutputFilter proxy-html ProxyPassReverse https://localhost:10000/ ProxyPassReverse https://example.com:10000/ </Location> Of course, in /etc/webmin/config I have webprefix="/admin/webmin" and webprefixnoredir=1. I wanted SSL protection over my local LAN, so I left it SSL enabled and did the SSL proxy thing. Hope this helps as a possible solution to anyone experiencing this issue. I was so desperate I was trying to modify miniserv.pl and even thought about breaking out mod_rewrite.
Q: I am programming a Numbers game, so you can bet on numbers I am working on a GUI with tkinter and python 3.6, How can I add entries from a textBox and send them to another textBox? (the total textBox) def btntotal() : Item2= var2.get() Total = sum(Item2) text2.insert(END, str(Total)) That doesnt work. A: There is not much code to work with, but you should be able to adapt this: def btntotal() : global Total # because you are modifying the variable Total in the function namespace Item2 = float(var2.get()) # cast to float (or to int if you need ints) Total += Item2 # update Total text2.insert(END, str(Total)) # Display Total in text2
Bill Gates is taking on Alzheimer's disease. Along with a group of philanthropists, Gates is sinking $30 million into the Diagnostics Accelerator, a "venture philanthropy" fund to develop early diagnostic procedures and bring them to market quickly. "We need a better way of diagnosing Alzheimer's - like a simple blood test or eye exam - before we're able to slow the progression of the disease," Gates wrote on his blog. Beyond solving the biggest problems with renewable energy, reinventing the toilet, and eradicating malaria, the itinerant philanthropist and former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates has a new mission: helping Alzheimer's patients get diagnosed earlier. Last November, Gates made an initial $50 million investment into Alzheimer's research . Now, Gates is teaming up with a group of philanthropists including Leonard Lauder and the Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation to sink another $30 million into a bold new idea for diagnosing Alzheimer's earlier - which is one of the keys to developing drugs to treat the disease.Alzheimer's is a brain disease that affects memory, motor functions, and eventually, a person's ability to function properly in daily life. If you live to 85 - which is not uncommon in the modern world - you have a one-third chance of developing the disease, according to the Alzheimer's Association . As the US population ages, the disease is expected to affect 13.8 million by 2050 The dismal state of Alzheimer's research Despite the dangers of Alzheimer's, the state of research into developing treatments is, in a word, dismal. Many pharmaceutical companies have abandoned researching Alzheimer's drugs because of the immense challenges in getting them to work - and because the market isn't huge. Genentech, part of the Roche Group, is working on a number of Alzheimer's treatments, though it hasn't seen much success so far. "Even though we haven't really had all that much success, I think in my mind the jury's still out and there's still hope," Paulo Fontoura, the global head of neuroscience at Roche, told Business Insider's Lydia Ramsey . One of the central issues with developing effective Alzheimer's treatments is how difficult the disease is to diagnose. As Gates wrote on his blog , Alzheimer's diagnoses are complex and invasive procedures, costing patients thousands of dollars. Patients generally aren't diagnosed until they show signs of cognitive decline, and even then, they may be forced to undergo painful spinal taps or uncomfortable PET scans. "We need a better way of diagnosing Alzheimer's - like a simple blood test or eye exam - before we're able to slow the progression of the disease," Gates wrote. There's not much motivation for patients or drug companies to solve the early diagnosis problem because there are few effective treatments, according to Gates. The venture philanthropy model combines academic research and venture capital "It's a bit of a chicken and egg problem," Gates wrote. "It's hard to come up with a game changing new drug without a cheaper and less invasive way to diagnose patients earlier." The new venture philanthropy fund aims to solve that issue. It's called the Diagnostics Accelerator, and the idea is to marry the best aspects of venture capital - leveraging huge amounts of money to create a usable product - with top academic research into Alzheimer's diagnosis.Gates said the venture philanthropy model, like the Diagnostics Accelerator, "splits the difference" between the academic research and profit-seeking approach to drug development. "It incentivizes a bold, risk-taking approach to research with an end goal of a real product for real patients," Gates wrote. "If any of the projects backed by Diagnostics Accelerator succeed, our share of the financial windfall goes right back into the fund." NOW WATCH: The fascinating way helium changes your voice It's also good news for anybody who has an idea about how to solve the Alzheimer's problem since the Accelerator is now seeking proposals for funding on its website.
Why So Many Rich People Don’t Feel Very Rich - pointillistic http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/why-so-many-rich-people-dont-feel-very-rich/ ====== narrator The reality of this phenomenon is that people who have done everything "perfectly" in their life and academic career feel a bit cheated when their income tops out in between 100k and 200k. They might be senior engineers or doctors or lawyers but they've hit this brick wall as far as income, sometimes in their 30s and yet there are all these people out there that make more than 10x or even 100x their annual income. Now there are four ways that I am aware of to make more than about 200k/year. 1\. Be an investor/entrepreneur in your own company. 2\. Have stock in a company that IPOs or get bought. 3\. Work in high finance at a well performing hedge fund or a maor wall street firm. 4\. Be a senior partner in a major law firm or an experienced surgeon in an in-demand specialty. Though you'll still top out at about 500k, at least according to glassdoor.com. Did I miss any? ~~~ kscaldef > and yet there are all these people out there that make more than 10x or even > 100x their annual income Where by "all these people" we mean an extremely small fraction of the population. If I think about things honestly, I'm paid more than almost everyone I interact with regularly. Many of these people aren't lazy or stupid or dropout or what-have-you. They also went to good schools and got good grades and are excellent at what they do; but it turns out that the "brick wall" in their field is a fraction of what it is in the tech industry. So, yes, I know a few people making more than I do, mostly in jobs I don't want to do, with working hours I wouldn't tolerate; but I'm not feeling too sorry for myself. ~~~ crystalis The average person can probably name more movie stars than high school classmates. It's really easy to hit a number that 'primitive-monkey-brain' starts treating as 'many'. Reasoned reflection will reveal how silly that is, but we get to deal with primitive monkey brains with Dunbar numbers full of incredibly rich people, and things like math are very low on the method resolution chain. ------ boredguy8 My adult life began with several years at a non-profit making $18k/yr. I've worked to avoid dramatic changes to my standard of living since then and it's helped me put money in the bank regardless of where I fell on the income scale. I also find that I need to "reset" my spending every 6 months or so, because it's trivially easy to start spending more than you realize, for no practical gain. Sometimes I get jealous of people at work who seem to have nicer things. Then a few days later they start to complain about not having money, and I'm reminded that I don't _really_ need a TV, much less a 52-inch what-have-you. Nor do I need to replace my nearly 20 year old car with something newer just because I can. Or more realistically: I don't need to get a new car because someone else I know bought a Z3. ~~~ jasonkester The cool thing about this approach is how nicely it works with compound interest. Live like a college kid for the 5 years after you leave college, and I defy you not to put $10k per year into the market. Fresh out of school with my $32k salary, I'd regularly find month-old paychecks lying around undeposited because I simply didn't need the money to support my cheap apartment, used car, and 10lb sack of potatoes. With nowhere for your money to go but the market, you quickly discover what 10%/year (or even 5% per year) does to a stack of money. Eventually it's making more on its own than you're putting in. Financial security for life, sorted by age 30. ~~~ roadnottaken Boy I'd be happy with 10%/year or 5%/year right now. I think you're still living in 1998. _Eventually it's making more on its own than you're putting in._ This actually takes a long time. ~~~ benmccann The S&P 500 was up 11% last year, the Dow was up 9.5%, and the Nasdaq was up 17.5% ~~~ roadnottaken How 'bout the year before that? ~~~ benmccann The year before that was much better. The S&P 500 was up over 25% in 2009 and the Nasdaq was up almost 50%. ------ edw519 Every time I read an article like this, I think of all the people I know who are well off, yet appear to be miserable. Then I want to share with them this old wisdom from "The Ethics of the Fathers": "Who is wise? One who learns from every man." "Who is strong? One who overpowers his inclinations." "Who is honorable? One who honors his fellows." "Who is rich? One who is satisfied with his lot." ~~~ bradly This reminds me of an HN comment from a few months ago. It was something like... "Need more money can usually be replaced with need less stuff" Edit: I found the comment: 'I bet that 9 times out of 10, "I need more money" should really be rephrased as "I need less stuff"'. <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2025234> ~~~ meterplech I definitely get this viewpoint- but I would like to add that per gp comment, you should be satisfied with your lot. Which for some people may mean spending money on some things. I've noticed on HN and other sites a fascination with acquiring wealth. I understand why, but in the end you acquire wealth for the utility you can gain from using it. Obviously, this doesn't need to mean spending 5k on the biggest TV, and doesn't mean outstretching yourself on a huge mortgage for a McMansion. But, if you save a little less and tactically spend on things that will make you happier I think that is definitely worth it. This isn't a huge defense of "stuff," but I think it's also okay to lose some wealth to gain happiness. I personally like spending money on travel/experiences. There was a lifehacker article about that yielding increased happiness. Link: [http://lifehacker.com/5608980/spend-on-experiences- instead-o...](http://lifehacker.com/5608980/spend-on-experiences-instead-of- possessions-for-longer-happiness) ~~~ endtime It's also nice for your kids not to need to take out college loans. ~~~ tptacek It's also nice for them not to have to build a down payment for a house. Where does this logic end? ~~~ endtime I don't understand what you're trying to imply. My point is just that money is useful and it can make your life and the lives of your family easier, and that there are reasons for wanting it other than not being Buddhist enough. ~~~ tptacek I'm saying you can justify a near arbitrary amount of acquisitiveness in the name of your kids lifestyles. Generally I think acquisitiveness is fine as long as it doesn't come at society's expense. But, I also think a lot of benign-seeming acts by acquisitive people come at a subtle significant cost to society; e.g., supporting the repeal of the estate tax. ~~~ endtime By "society" should I assume you mean "other people who want my stuff"? I see nothing unjust about an arbitrary amount of acquisitiveness. I don't think success, or its material reward, are inherently sinful. I _do_ think it's unhealthy to be obsessed with acquisition for its own sake, as opposed to when one has healthy intentions for that which is being acquired; but in any case, that's nothing to do with the collective good to which you refer. ------ ugh This is just a tangent, but I wonder whether Robert Gibbs really quit at least partly because his salary was too low. (That’s what Obama’s remark about his departure seems to suggest.) I don’t think you become Press Secretary of the White House because of the salary, you become Press Secretary because you are passionate about it. (For all you cynics out there: replace “passionate about it” with “power hungry”.) You certainly don’t have to feel ashamed or poor at cocktail parties if you are the Press Secretary of the White House, I would much rather suspect that you don’t actually have time to go to any cocktail parties and that that could be the much larger problem. Press Secretary is not a job you have forever (eight years seem like the natural maximum) and I’m certain that you have great chances of landing a highly paid job after that. ~~~ roc As you point out: while it wouldn't be prudent to go into politics for the _direct_ money, the modern reality is that politics is a route to a staggering amount of _future_ money. Not unlike paying vast sums to go to an Ivy League school; not because the _education_ is so much better, but because future _opportunities_ will be. In that light, I don't see a huge line between his decision to 'cash-out' at this particular point in time and the statement 'because his salary was too low'. ~~~ ugh I like that angle. Four years as communications director of one of the most spectacular presidential campaigns of all times, two years as White House Press Secretary, that certainly opens a lot of doors (and should definitely land him a book deal). It’s certainly understandable that when you then feel burnt out after six years of stress the thought of leaving must be very attractive. It’s still a bit strange that Obama makes a reference to his modest compensation. ~~~ roc I've got to imagine he's adjusting expectations and trying to frame the conversation before the likely stories about how much Gibbs is going to make in the private sector. After Peter Orszag's move to the private sector generated a non-trivial brouhaha, it'd be more surprising if he _didn't_. ------ AlexC04 Perhaps it's because the definition of "rich" that they would need to feel is one where they'd never have to work again if they didn't want to. The article points out an annual income of $172,000 as being rich, but by implication, these people still have to work for their money. Therefore probably don't feel "rich" If they could maintain that income or even half that income in perpetuity without working. If they could spend their days doing just what they want and not what they have to then maybe that's what feels rich? Maybe? ~~~ Alex3917 "The article points out an annual income of $172,000 as being rich, but by implication, these people still have to work for their money." I think the real issue is that someone making 300,000 probably doesn't have much more disposable income than someone making 80,000. Whatever extra money they have is likely just going to a slightly nicer house, their IRA, dental insurance, a slightly better preschool for their kids, etc. In other words, if you're making 300,000 per year then you probably can't afford to fly to Hawaii for the weekend on a whim any more than someone making 80,000 can. ~~~ roc > _"someone making 300,000 probably doesn't have much more disposable income > than someone making 80,000"_ I don't think that's borne out by the stats. As I recall fixed costs essentially flat-line as a percentage of income somewhere south of 200k, up until you reach the "don't look at prices anymore" brackets. Also, I note that it _really_ doesn't take much more disposable income to add flashy consumption. Five thousand dollars is easily two annual trips to Hawaii, which -- while not remotely a trivial amount of money -- really isn't that hard to sock away at 300k vs 80k. And two _additional_ annual vacations at 300k is certainly going to look like 'whimsical' to the guy making 80k who takes one real vacation a year. So I'm wondering if we aren't having a disagreement on definitions. And when you say 'hawaii on whim', you're thinking about trips approaching the opulence of the "don't look at prices anymore" brackets? ~~~ Alex3917 "So I'm wondering if we aren't having a disagreement on definitions." I think it mostly depends on whether or not you have kids. Kids can basically eat up an unlimited amount of money. ~~~ btilly Absolutely. When I made a third of my current salary range, I felt well off. Now I have kids and feel poor. ------ jeremymims This article wonders why the rich are getting richer and the answer is compound interest. Having $1 million in the bank will reliably generate between $25k and $50k per year. Having $2 million in the bank will reliably generate between $50k and $100k per year. Having $3 million in the bank will reliably generate between $100k and $150k per year. So someone with $3 million in savings and still working their 200k job will be making nearly the same amount as their savings is generating. If they keep working and don't spend their principle, they'll have another million in about 5-6 years. For someone putting 30k away each year in savings, it will take them decades to reach the first $1 million. This is why the rich get richer. It's not about salary. It's about savings and investment. ~~~ schammy I know of no such bank offering interest rates even close to that. You're talking 2.5% - 5%. That's unheard of these days. At my current bank, $1M in a money market account would generate about $2,500/year, which is nothing short of insulting. Who are these fabled banks offering 10x the interest rate? ~~~ artmageddon Before the subprime crash in 2007, interest rates were well in that range. I had an ING savings account(regular savings account, not a CD) with a rate that was earning me $7 __per day __, as opposed to now in which I get maybe $2 per month. ~~~ schammy Yeah, I know, interest rate _used_ to be good. I used to get 5% on my emigrant direct savings account. Now it's 1%, and I don't know of anything higher (for a money market account anywys) ------ jellicle It's simple. Make $100K, live near people making $90K = rich. Make $100K, live near people making $110K = poor. ~~~ _delirium I definitely noticed this in grad school. For a few years, I had a $30k fellowship, when the normal stipend, which all my friends made (and which I made the other years) was around $20k. I felt like I had more money than I could reasonably spend, saved about $5k of the excess, and splurged about $5k on what seemed to me to be luxury items, like fancy beer and trips. From my perspective I was, if not wealthy, at least well-off. Supposedly $30k is on the lower end of lower-middle-class, but it didn't feel like it. (Granted, it also helps that I don't have kids.) ~~~ krschultz Well at $30k, were you: A) Paying for your own healthcare B) Saving for retirement C) Saving for buying a house, a car, retirement, a wedding, future children, or other large purchases? D) Paying off your loans for undergrad? Because my girlfriend and I are 22, make over $100k, have less than $30k a year in expenses combined, and still feel a little "tight" on the budget. But we're both maxing our 401ks to the company match, paying for our healthcare, and paying down our student loans (over $60k) in 3 years. Plus saving for a house, and maybe even a little wedding and a vacation. $100k goes quick. Note that we both drive 6 year old cars and have no plan to replace them, rent a relatively small apartment and keep our expenses below $2.5k a month combined which is pretty good. I don't feel poor by any stretch of the imagination, nor am I complaining, and the situation is improving steadily as we pay down debt and have more cash, but the saving really puts a crimp on how much "fun money" I have. We are currently (again with 2 people) putting over $3k a month into savings and paying down debt which are prudent decision but don't feel all that fun and don't really make us feel any "richer". ------ fingerprinter I can sum this up for me and my family (fyi...we live quite meekly): We don't feel "rich" because if something catastrophic happens (one of us loses our job, major health problem, really bad turn in economy again) we are not insulated despite all of our savings for the rest of our lives. We have, perhaps, 2-4 years ability to stave of bankruptcy and the lot. That number is different for everyone, but the "rich" don't think about that, ever. They are set and will always be set unless _THEY_ do something stupid with their money. Bottom line: I am not rich because I am not in control of the rest of my life still. I am dependent on the system and the people who actually control the system still. "rich" and "money" have always been about freedom to me. Because I am not truly free, I am not rich. Make sense? ~~~ GFischer So, I should feel richer than you because my country provides a far better safety net? (even though I probably make between 10 to 20 times less?) ------ Tichy What surprises me is that there seems to be no upper limit for lifestyle expenses. To me it seems certain lifestyle choices are more of a liability than a bonus. A bigger house needs more cleaning, a cleaning lady, probably also a gardener. More cars require more maintenance, parking space, taxes. Yachts, OK, I don't know - they require personnel, but maybe they are nice to have. Then again, probably it is possible to rent them for the odd occasion? I think from a certain comparatively low threshold, my worry would be how to use my money to make the world a better place, not how to get a even more luxurious lifestyle. ~~~ kbutler > I think from a certain comparatively low threshold, my worry would be how to > use my money to make the world a better place, not how to get a even more > luxurious lifestyle. I expect many people feel this way, at all income levels. The point is that the "comparatively low threshold" varies depending on your current income - the more income you have, the higher your threshold becomes. "If I had a little more, I'd give." "I have a little, so I give." (widow's mite) kb ------ eggoa Or, to widen the perspective, why doesn't an American making $30,000 feel rich when he is above the 90% percentile for the world? (And he feels wretchedly poor because he has to have a roommate and use public transportation.) ------ duke_sam Reminds me of the Chicago professor who was complaining about repealing the tax breaks for "rich" people[1] (his household income was in the 250k range). As a bunch of commentators pointed out he felt like he was just scraping by because he was attempting to live the life of someone earning 350k+ not the life of someone earning 150k+. A growing trend is how quickly the income of those at the top is increasing relative to those at the bottom[2] and the disconnect this brings[3]. At what point does someone earning minimum wage stop and think "How exactly is someone working in a hedge fun worth tens of thousands of me in yearly salary alone?". Would they push for legislative solutions? Can you even use something as blunt as the tax code for this? [1] His blog posts were taken down but you can see commentary: [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/21/todd-henderson- rich...](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/21/todd-henderson- rich_n_732813.html) [http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/09/in- defen...](http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/09/in-defense-of- the-self-pitying-wealthy-poor/63777/) [2][http://www.forbes.com/2008/04/30/ceo-pay-historic-lead- bestb...](http://www.forbes.com/2008/04/30/ceo-pay-historic-lead- bestbosses08-cx_sd_0430flash.html) \- for reference $1 in 1989 is worth around $1.70 now so inflation does not account for a near 6x increase. [3][http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/01/the- rise...](http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/01/the-rise-of-the- new-global-elite/8343/) ~~~ mdda Minimum wage for a year is approximately $10k. Ten thousand times that is $100MM. Hedge Fund salaries are not of that order - topping out at $10MM. I agree that Hedge Fund bonuses can be large, but as far as the fixed salary component goes, the person on minimum wage in your example is misinformed. ------ pointillistic I posted the article here and I find that many comments are missing the point. Catherine Rampell writes that the exponential growth of the global wealth for the super-rich oligarchy, especially in the last decades made the comparison with them so much more difficult. This all at the backdrop of the devastating recession that thrown many productive people into the object poverty. I might add that the media and the internet is full of the ubiquitous stories about the super-rich so they are at the same time everyone's neighbor and no ones neighbor. ~~~ CWuestefeld That makes a nice, pandering story, but it's really a very very complex. There's _some_ truth in the idea that the rich get richer, faster than the rest of us. But _today_ , in a practical sense, what does it mean for someone to have much more money than I do? And what causes it? It's certainly not that some plutocracy is holding our heads below water, as much some people like to paint that picture. I'd encourage you to read this article, which has a pretty insightful analysis of where this inequality originates, and why: [http://www.the-american- interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=90...](http://www.the-american- interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=907) ------ jtbigwoo The amount of money I have left over at the end of the month makes a much bigger difference in whether I feel rich than the number on my paycheck. But, we're trained and encouraged by our culture to spend up to and beyond our means no matter what our income. Even the "responsible" rules of thumb like buying a house for 3x annual income or having debt payments of 40% of income encourage us to increase our expenses as our incomes increase. It's easy to see why somebody making $200,000 wouldn't feel rich if they own a $600,000 house. Their mortgage costs almost $50,000/year! Design your life to maximize the money in your pocket and you'll feel much richer. ~~~ kmfrk I think it has to do with a lack of a broader education and spiritualism that most people are devoid of. Because they don't know any better, money becomes a hammer, and every problem looks like a nail. ~~~ tomjen3 I doubt that - the potus press secretary has have a pretty broad understanding. ~~~ kmfrk I'm not including him in that group; I'm not convinced that he left for financial reasons. ------ chris_atwood Why did they put a non-linear x-axis on that graph? From 0% to 80% of income is only the first 40% of x-axis space! Then tick marks (with equal physical spacing) change from 5% to 1% increments. ~~~ jtbigwoo We're talking about the top 90% of earners so it makes sense to enlarge the right side of the graph. They're trying to illustrate the huge changes in income for every percentage point. A linear axis would be basically vertical at the right end. ~~~ chris_atwood I think a vertical line would show the point more clearly. The idea is that there is a lot more change at the top end than the rest, and a vertical line does that. Resolution does become an issue (I agree that showing the change from 99.5 to 99.9 is good and a linear scale makes seeing those points harder). A way around that is to have the graph scroll left to right -- which should be easy given that it is an interactive JS/flash graph widget. ------ seb Because they don't know what it means to be poor? ~~~ modoc I disagree with this. While I'm not saying I was ever "poor" (as I never felt poor), I started out working for $5.15/hour, and sleeping on a friend's couch while I tried to find an apartment I could afford. Then I moved into a boston apartment that was $1000/month for three of us. It was falling over, and I ate homemade burritos every single day because beans and tortillas were cheap. Now I own a big house, drive nice cars, and earn a lot more than back then, but I still don't feel rich. The rise in income over 12 years, was more or less matched by a rise in lifestyle and spending. Don't get me wrong, life is more comfortable, and I'm able to do lots of things I want to do that weren't possible before, but I still don't feel "rich" (I do feel lucky and blessed, etc...). I hate my 1/2 working 30 year old electric cooktop. I want a new gas cooktop, but that means new counter tops, and running a gas line, and if I'm doing new counter tops I should probably re-do the cabinets at the same time, and if I'm doing those, I should do the floors, and if I'm doing cabinets I should really replace the wall oven and fridge while I'm at it. But I don't have that kind of money! And I still have to bust my ass every day at work. So until you're really "RICH", and you still have to set the alarm and work every day, and you have things you want, but can't afford, you don't "feel" "rich". Is this a healthy well adjusted mindset, probably not. Just pointing out that slow acclimation can make you feel like you really haven't moved much, regardless how far you've travelled. I've lost 35+ lbs in the last 3 years, but I don't feel "thin". ~~~ Retric _if I'm doing new counter tops I should probably_ This is the mindset that makes high income people feel poor. You can get a vary nice gas stove installed wihtout looking out of place for ~10k or you can spend ~100k and get the same thing but shiny. ~~~ modoc 10k is a lot of spending money. I'm trying to build up some savings/retirement money, so finding a "spare" 10k+ isn't easy. ~~~ Retric I don't know much about your income, expenses, etc. However, I am suggesting that dealing with the _I hate my __ list does not need to be that expensive. Relative to "I own a big house, drive nice cars* etc. Home Equity Line of Credit + reasonable expectations means you could get a gas stove that does not look ugly for around 120$ a month. And in the increased value of your home and the real cost could be less than 80$ a month. (AKA 40$ a month becomes another form of savings.) Now for you personally it's hard to (edit: quickly) cut 120$ a month from your nice cars and big house. But, I am willing to bet you would get more enjoyment from that 120$ than getting the "nicer" versions of other things in your life. PS: It was vary freeing when I realized I was not spending my money to optimize my happiness. Rather I was buying things based on the amount of spare money I had when I was buying it. (Edit: Not that you have this problem, but it seems common.) ------ jhamburger People only look up when it comes to wealth, everyone who makes less money than you might as well not exist. I read an article once about what well-off people (net worth in excess of $5 million) consider to be rich. The consensus was about $50 million liquid net worth- Basically the point where you can realistically consider owning private jets and yachts so there isn't any shit to be jealous of your neighbors about anymore (except maybe a bigger yacht). ------ jkaufman Interesting take on rich vs uber rich. I grew up in an area with a lot of that 90th-95th percentile group but everyone seemed to believe they were "upper middle" class. The "rich" people were the few at the very top making millions more. A family making 250k/year is doing very well, but when they look at someone making a few million - they don't group themselves in that category. I also wonder if this is reinforced by the numerous 'reality' tv shows that document the uber rich lifestyle. Even in a town full of people that are well above average, no one is living like those top 1-2% of earners and therefore don't consider themselves rich. ------ r0h4n Spend one week in India and you will feel like a Billionaire for the rest of your life. ~~~ loewenskind A lot of people from india work in the west, send that money back home to have a mansion (servants and everything) and _live_ like a billionaire for the rest of their life (well, presumably. I obviously don't know any that have done this and died of old age yet). ------ jond2062 This topic always brings me back to the same place: As a culture, when it comes to the "rich" and the "wealthy" we tend to focus almost exclusively on revenue (income) and assets (stuff). Anyone who looks at a simple income statement and balance sheet knows that there is a lot more to the equation. If someone makes $500k and spends $500k, not only is their net income $0, they have added nothing to their net worth. Conversely, someone who makes $75k and spends $30k has a positive net income of $45k and adds $45k to their net worth. However, because we don't have nearly as much insight into the income statements and balance sheets of our neighbor, we compare our "income" and "stuff" to their "income" and "stuff" (as opposed to what we really should be comparing which is net income and net worth). I'm also reminded of a great book by P.T. Barnum called The Art of Money Getting (<http://manybooks.net/titles/barnumptetext05barnm10.html>). It was published in 1880, but it's amazing how relevant it still is. He tells some great stories about life, money, and wealth. This is one of my favorites: "I know a gentleman of fortune who says, that when he first began to prosper, his wife would have a new and elegant sofa. "That sofa," he says, "cost me thirty thousand dollars!" When the sofa reached the house, it was found necessary to get chairs to match; then side-boards, carpets and tables "to correspond" with them, and so on through the entire stock of furniture. When at last it was found that the house itself was quite too small and old- fashioned for the furniture, and a new one was built to correspond with the new purchases; "thus," added my friend, "summing up an outlay of thirty thousand dollars, caused by that single sofa, and saddling on me, in the shape of servants, equipage, and the necessary expenses attendant upon keeping up a fine ’establishment,’ a yearly outlay of eleven thousand dollars, and a tight pinch at that: whereas, ten years ago, we lived with much more real comfort, because with much less care, on as many hundreds. The truth is," he continued, "that sofa would have brought me to inevitable bankruptcy, had not a most unexampled title to prosperity kept me above it, and had I not checked the natural desire to ’cut a dash’." ------ bm98 People between the 70th and 90th percentiles feel squeezed by a lot of expenses that cost less for those lower on the scale, due to price discrimination, progressive taxation, subsidies, etc. College tuition is a good example. It's high enough to take a big chunk of the income of a 70-90th percentile earner, but it doesn't hurt as much to someone higher (spare change!) or lower (financial aid) on the income scale. ------ bane There's definitely a middle ground though. Being poor sucks...bad. Not because you can't the things you want, but because you can't get the things you desperately need (and I mean things in the physical sense). I remember reading various studies a few years ago (sorry, can't find them now) showing folks who make 40-50k/yr in the U.S. tend to be the most satisfied with life. With inflation that's probably more like 60-70k (and possibly more for the Bay Area and NYC), but the point stands. You can cover most life needs with that and have a little left over for indulgences. But not so much that you get caught up in material wants. Also I noticed many people with money who are unhappy, tend to be unhappy because of the social isolation that brings. As it turns out, human interaction is something we need, and also happens to be very cheap/efficient in most cases. ~~~ kin Agree especially to the last line. Being the only person in my group of friends in the 60-70K category while they're in the sub 40K category keeps me on a college budget. Cheap dates, happy hour, home cooking, take-out, etc. ------ yason The thing is, if you're of this "I don't have enough" sort of type (or one of its numerous manifestations) it doesn't matter how much you have. You, thus, by your own words, never have enough of anything and your life is much worse off because of that. If you're poor, you have worries most people can understand but your worries are real to you. If you're rich, you have worries that seem outrageous to most people and your worries are (still) real to you. Hence, you're not any better off in reality, even if you don't have to starve. Of course you're not any better off because you still think you don't have enough. And the funny thing is that it you don't have to become rich to have enough. When you're happy with first what you have, then everything is restored to back to 'okay'. And you can still try to get more but you don't have to try to get more. ------ acconrad I'll save you reading the article and summarize it in 1 sentence: income distribution is exponential, so rich neighborhoods can have significantly (relatively) richer/poorer residents, while poor neighborhoods all make relatively the same. ------ kin I once had an hour long conversation with a stranger at a bar about this. Coincidentally, we were in the same field, hacker. And he told me that coming out of college it's a little bit too easy to just work for the man. Being young and fresh out of college, you really can afford to take risks and be in that small percentile of people that are so much richer. Of course, it's a risk, and you have to take it and put your heart into it. ------ hoag The argument presented in the article is plausible, but I call it "the guy with the S65 AMG Benz admiring the guy with the Maybach" argument, i.e., the Maybach is a few hundred thousand dollars dearer than the Benz, itself a $200K car. While valid, I think it illustrates the effect of the unhappiness problem rather than the underlying cause. I call the root of the problem The SimCity Effect. The SimCity Effect -- as I describe it -- is essentially a real life application of the economic principle of diminishing marginal value, i.e., the more of a given good you gain, the less value you gain from each subsequent good. I think wealthy peoples' unhappiness with life is due to the far greater decrease in value -- or utility -- they gain each time they move up the ladder than those with lesser means. This is in turn is caused by a fundamental failure by most people to have a predetermined sense of "satisfaction" or "accomplishment" in life. This is where the SimCity analogy comes to play. Those of you who grew up playing SimCity probably experienced this phenomenon: you start building a city, eagerly growing larger and larger, with more and better public utilities, education, etc., and your satisfaction curve probably faced an initial upward curve: all things being equal, the goal of SimCity was arguably to build the largest, cleanest, most educated, and high tech city you could manage. Trouble is, that's a pretty vague goal: what does "large" mean? 1M people? 2M? 10M? In the absence of a clear and defined goal, and no way to "win" the game in the traditional sense, most SimCity builders suffered a very real sense of diminishing marginal value, and thus their satisfaction -- joy with the game, etc. -- decreased as well. This is not to say that one should set finite goals beyond which we should strive no further, but rather that we should at least set a mental note alerting us to when, in our life, we have obtained our goals, so we can at least breathe a sigh of relief and say "I've done it." Anything beyond that would be a bonus and it would essentially reset our internal "utility" curve accordingly to, perhaps, begin anew. This would certainly explain serial entrepreneurs and the like. This to me is the real problem with happiness -- or lack thereof -- at the highest echelon of society: it is not unhappiness per se, but rather a lack of satisfaction due to what can be best described as satisfaction desensitization. Just my 2c. ------ skittles My idea of being rich is when you don't have to work to maintain your lifestyle (as long as you are happy with that lifestyle--being a miserable homeless person doesn't count). The problem with a majority of high-earners is that they have too many on-going expenses that force them to keep working. ------ anthonycerra It must be tough to have a smaller yacht than your friends. ~~~ larrywright $172,000 per year is not a yacht level income. It's a good salary (some might say great), but you're not going to have a mansion and a yacht. ~~~ sedachv That depends on what you mean by "mansion" and "yacht." Outside of NYC and the Bay Area you can definitely afford a mortgage on a nice house, two good cars, and a decent-sized sailboat and manage to feed a family of four on that income (assuming you don't send the kids to private school). ~~~ sedachv I was looking at ads for places today, and happened across this listing: [http://montreal.kijiji.ca/c-housing-house-rental-ST- COLOMBAN...](http://montreal.kijiji.ca/c-housing-house-rental-ST-COLOMBAN- COTTAGE-DE-LUXE-FINANCEMENT-100-PROPRIO-W0QQAdIdZ253342623) Small mansion 1 hour commuting distance from Montreal, $400,000 Let's look at craigslist: <http://montreal.en.craigslist.ca/boa/2116842083.html> 35' cruising yacht, good condition, $49,000 This is certainly doable on $172,000 ------ T_S_ Greed feels like a ladder but is actually a hamster wheel. ------ joshwa <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_treadmill> ------ Gilpo What does it take to _feel_ rich? These articles never seem to say. ~~~ Gilpo I guess what I mean is, what does it feel like to feel rich? ------ kentf Excellent article. Thank you for sharing. ------ kahawe I think you are only really "rich" when you are making a decent (e.g. middle/upper middle-class) monthly salary without even (theoretically) setting a foot out of bed, ever. Given the complete freedom to do a lot of things in your life without ever HAVING to participate in the rat race of daily work has got to be the ultimate freedom and should be the bar for "rich" for me. Everyone below that is more or less well off. ~~~ jhamburger You are confusing 'rich' with 'idle rich'. ~~~ gaius No, it's not that you _do_ do that, it's that you have the option. ------ sabat One reason I can imagine that you wouldn't feel rich: because it feels unstable. If you're afraid you're going to lose it all at any moment, you just feel momentarily lucky.
North Korea threatened Guam numerous times in the past The North Korean People's Army Thursday released more detailed plans for a missile strike near the Pacific territory of Guam . Department of Defense is monitoring this situation very closely and is maintaining a condition of readiness". O'Reilly test-drives online video show as comeback O'Reilly has never appeared on CNN but has selected a friendly anchor to speak with for his first interview with the network. For years, O'Reilly has recorded his " No Spin News " podcast in addition to his hosting gig at Fox News. Chelsea Manning photographed for Vogue Nobody directed me to do this. "I stopped seeing just statistics and information, and I started seeing people". The article details Manning's life in the army and after she was sentenced to more than 20 years in prison. USA stocks fall again on North Korea fears Traders there were also digesting a rise in jobless claims and the biggest drop in producer prices in 11 months. The US dollar was down 0.77 per cent against the yen at 109.21 yen. It also hit its highest level since May. Japan said on Tuesday it was possible that North Korea had already developed nuclear warheads and warned of an acute threat posed by its weapons programs as Pyongyang's continues missile and nuclear tests in defiance of United Nations sanctions. On Thursday, New York Federal Reserve President William Dudley said he expects sluggish U.S. inflation to rise over the next several months while the hot labour market gets even hotter. Soon after, North Korea's state-run news agency said Pyongyang was mulling a potential missile strike against the US Pacific island territory of Guam. "Sound dialogue is not possible with such a guy bereft of reason and only absolute force can work on him", a report by the North's state-run KCNA news agency said of Trump. Dudley also cautioned that "it's going to take some time" for inflation to rise to the central bank's 2 percent target even as he offered a generally positive outlook for the USA economy, job market and price pressures. Gold rose again on Thursday as tensions between North Korea and the United States continued to impact markets. The limited fall in the price of Asian stocks suggests that stockholders are not unduly alarmed, experts said. "It's just a classic risk-off day", said Greg Anderson, global head of foreign exchange strategy at BMO Capital Markets in NY. Why you should never put your feet on the dashboardShe says she is hoping to spread the word to raise funds for billboards warning of the danger on major roadways. At the time of the crash, Audra wasn't wearing a seat belt and was resting her foot up against the dashboard. Spot gold prices were unchanged at $1,286.27 a ounce, after touching a two-month high earlier. "Corporate earnings can be easily overshadowed if there is a real threat of a conflict". U.S. Treasury long-dated yields dropped to six-week lows, pressured by U.S. Steel and copper prices stayed strong in metals markets. As the US president intensifies his warnings against Pyongyang, the South Korean and USA national security advisers have ensured that no one side will make a sudden move without prior consultations. USA crude oil crude futures edged up 10 cents to $48.69 per barrel. There have been some markets which have benefited from the U.S. Chun, who served as president from 1980 to 1988, published his memoir in April this year, and drew fire for mentioning his government's bloody crackdown on the 1980 pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Gwangju, as a scheme led by North Korean troops and insisting that he was not involved in the brutal mass killings of Gwangju citizens. Platinum also moved up 0.8% to $979.85, while palladium moved up a percentage point to $900.30. "Saber-rattling between two of the world's least predictable leaders caused a wave of risk aversion to wash over global markets, fueling demand for traditional safe harbors", said Joe Manimbo, senior market analyst at Western Union Business Solutions. Plans are being drawn up and will be ready by the middle of August, North Korea said. "Therefore one shouldn't make a big call".
Gelatin is a protein material produced by hydrolysis of collagen from animal bones and connective tissues. Gelatin has served as an encapsulating material, a coating for pills, an emulsifying agent, a coating for photographic materials, a bacterial culture medium, a component of printers' rollers and hectograph plates, an ingredient of popular desserts, and for many other widely varied uses. One common use for gelatin is in the manufacture of soft gel capsules for the delivery of active ingredients. Although gelatin is generally strong and tough, its extensibility and flexibility are generally low. In addition, since gelatin is derived from animal sources, there are often inconsistencies in product quality from batch to batch. The physical and chemical properties of gelatin are a function of the source of the collagen, method of manufacturing, conditions during extraction and concentration, thermal history, pH and the chemical nature of impurities and additives. Moreover, during storage, gelatin often undergoes a crosslinking reaction which in turn changes the dissolution character and the drug bio-availability characteristics. This shortens the useful life of the gelatin. Thus, mechanical failures of gelatin soft gel capsules are often encountered. Additionally, the use of animal derived materials, such as gelatin, has come under regulatory review due to concerns regarding the transmission of animal based illness. Accordingly, new materials are desired which can function as replacements for gelatin, particularly gelatin based films useful for manufacturing soft gel capsules and the like.
Send by mail: Gift giveaway being held to celebrate every 50,000th easy-one transaction Korea Exchange Bank (President & CEO Yun Yong-ro/ www.keb.co.kr) announced on February 14 that the Bank has developed an 'easy-one' foreign currency remittance Card, an exclusive service that enables foreign customers to wire money through the ATMs of KEB and other banks. The 'easy-one' Card makes it possible for customers to access KEB's easy-one foreign currency remittance service from all banks' ATMs, because the card is linked to an account used exclusively for remitting foreign currency abroad. Until now, some of KEB's foreign customers had to visit a branch to use their 'easy-one' remittance service to deposit funds to be wired overseas, after withdrawing cash from their account. This extra step stemmed from problems some customers faced in the process of using ATMs as well as language problems when trying to transfer funds to their easy-one account at non-KEB ATMs. With the launch of the 'easy-one' Card, however, customers no longer have to visit a branch and can easily transfer funds to their home country from any Korean banks' ATMs, making the service of significant benefit to customers in terms of added convenience through time saved. Customers who are registered for the 'easy-one' foreign currency remittance service are eligible for an 'easy-one' Card and can obtain one at no charge at any KEB branch. The deposit limit is set at 17.5 million won (100,000-won checks can be included) per transaction at KEB ATMs and 1 million won per transaction at other bank's ATMs (cash only). There is no daily deposit limit. To celebrate the 'easy-one' Card's launch, a Customer Appreciation event is under way that will award gifts to every 50,000th customer of the 'easy-one' service, including 200,000 won Gift Cards and 30,000 won culture gift certificates. Gifts will also be given to the five customers before and after every 50,000th customer. The giveaway runs through March, when the number of customers using the 'easy-one' service is expected to reach 2.5 million. Afterward, one gift certificate worth 1 million won will be awarded to the customer who makes the 3 millionth 'easy-one' remittance. An official in KEB's Trade & Services Division said: "The 'easy-one' FC remittance card was carefully developed by KEB, a bank specializing in foreign exchange, to improve foreign customers' convenience by reflecting their needs." He added that "KEB will do its best to maintain its position as a leading bank in the foreign exchange business by developing and launching convenient overseas remittance services for foreign customers." KEB has offered the 'easy-one' foreign currency remittance service since 2007. It is the bank's patented service that enables customers to automatically wire funds in a foreign currency by depositing funds, in Korean won, into a designated foreign currency remittance account after registering the information required for overseas transfer. Foreign customers residing in Korea use the 'easy-one' service to wire money to their home country. As of the end of January 2013, more than 2.4 million easy-one transactions had been successfully completed, at an average pace of 60,000 per month.
Blade Runner 2049 (2017): Beautifully Disappointing (Review) The long awaited sequel to Ridley Scott’s 1982 sleeper hit “Blade Runner” is beautiful to look at and offers a ranging plot line but ultimately disappoints by the time the end credits run. Directed this time around by Denis Villeneuve (Prisoners, Sicario,Arrival) Blade Runner 2049 has the same dogmatic and plodding feel that the original film featured but with a lot more scope and, for lack of a better word, space. While the first film relied much more on the excellent Phillip K. Dick book “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep” and a splendid cast that included Rutger Hauer as the lead replicant and a very young Daryl Hannah, this iteration moved forward in the verse to give us a different kind of “runner.” K (Ryan Gosling) is a Blade Runner who is not human, he is a “new” replicant. As he starts chasing down the remaining old replicants he finds a mysterious box after killing Dave Bautista’s Sapper Morgan. Inside the receptacle rests the bones of Rachel and evidence of childbirth. The film then follows K (or Joe as Joi – played with an aching poignancy by Ana de Armas – the computerized companion calls him) as he tries to find out who the child is. At one point we believe, as he does, that Decker (Harrison Ford) is his father, but later we learn more about this curious triangle. The performances in Blade Runner 2049 are top notch, with only Jared Leto letting the side down a bit with his take on Wallace. De Armas manages to practically steal every scene she is in and it is nigh on impossible not to fall in love with this brilliant actress as she brings Joi to life. Rutger Hauer may be missing from this tale but the Dutch are ably represented by the marvelous Sylvia Hoeks who manages to make her character suitably scary in all the right places. Villeneuve does a good job recreating the verse that Scott initially brought to the screen but the film is over-long. Two hours and 43 minutes is a long time to sit and the slow pacing of the movie made this seem much longer at times. Like the first film the progress of the plot and story line plods along at a frustratingly pedestrian rate. Too much time is spent questioning something that the audience, if they have been paying attention, will have guessed midway through the film. Despite the film generating a overall feeling of mild disappointment, there are enough nods and winks to the original to keep fans interested and pleased. The origami sheep (made by Gaff – a clear nod to the Philip K. Dick book), the clear raincoat worn by Joi, the atmosphere of L.A. and the re-emergence of Rachel (Sean Young appearing in a clip and later as a CG creation that just was weird looking as the CG replication of the late Peter Cushing in Rogue One. Blade Runner 2049 looks beautiful and feels like a logical carry on from the first. However, like Rutger Hauer has stated, the first film was almost sheer perfection. Any sequel, despite the love and care that went into it, was bound to fall short, as this does. But… This is a film that needs to be seen. It encompasses so much, while still falling that little bit short, that one must see it in the cinema to appreciate the sheer grandness of the world it presents. The sets, the costumes, the performances and the cinematography combine beautifully to take us into this gloomy downtrodden world. The film manages to bring us into its tale of a miracle amidst so much decay and loneliness (which, ultimately, this sequel is all about) with a lot of care to detail and stunning visuals. Mild disappointment aside, Blade Runner 2049 is still one to watch on the big screen. There is violence, not much in the way of nudity and very little foul language. While not as originally pleasing as Scott’s 1982 version, the film earns 4.5 stars in presentation alone. Similar to this year’s version of the Stephen King horror re-imagining “It” Blade Runner 2049 will deliver a potent punch for fans, while still managing to disappoint overall. For myself, the interaction, and wholly original cinematography approach, while watching Joi and K’s maturing relationship, was worth the price of admission (and a definite repeat viewing). Great review.
47 and w. 47 Suppose 0*l = 4*u - 5*l - 60, u = 3*l + 15. Let g = u - -5. Calculate the greatest common factor of g and 60. 20 Let x be (-8 - 2)*(-14)/4. Suppose -2*h = 11 - x. Calculate the highest common factor of 108 and h. 12 Let m(d) = -d**2 - 8*d - 11. Let b be m(-9). Let y be -1*(2 + 1*b). What is the highest common factor of y and 126? 18 Suppose -3*o + 3*w + 27 = 0, -3*o - 2*w - 3 = -10. Suppose -3*f + o*f - 6 = 0. What is the greatest common factor of 3 and f? 3 Let r(b) = b**2 + 4. Let q be r(0). Calculate the highest common divisor of q and 2. 2 Suppose 0*f + 5*b = -f + 18, 35 = 3*f - 4*b. Calculate the greatest common divisor of f and 221. 13 Let k(w) = -2*w**3 - w**2 - w - 1. Let u be k(-1). Let p = u - -5. What is the highest common factor of p and 9? 3 Let z be 10 - 6/15*10. Suppose -3*i = -32 - 166. Calculate the greatest common divisor of z and i. 6 Suppose 2*a + 28 = 2*t, -3*t + 13 = -4*a - 29. Let x = t + 4. Suppose -7*u = -3*u - 24. Calculate the greatest common factor of u and x. 6 Let z(f) = -2*f**3 - 6*f**2 + 7*f - 3. Let p be z(-6). Calculate the highest common factor of 19 and p. 19 Let p(q) = -q**2 - 6*q - 6. Let g be p(-6). Let w be 4/(g/99*-3). What is the greatest common divisor of 33 and w? 11 Let m be -1 + (-1 - -2)/(-1). Let x = -1 - m. Calculate the greatest common factor of x and 1. 1 Let l = -286 + 406. Suppose -5*a - 52 = -2*w, -3*w - 3*a = -0*w - l. Let m be 32*(-1 + (-14)/(-8)). What is the greatest common divisor of m and w? 12 Suppose -z - 7 + 25 = 0. Suppose -21 = -f + z. What is the greatest common divisor of f and 13? 13 Suppose -44*d = -41*d - 81. What is the highest common factor of 108 and d? 27 Let a = 0 - 2. Let z be (2 - 15/a)*10. What is the highest common divisor of z and 38? 19 Let d(r) = 3*r**2 - 3*r + 4. Let z be d(-3). What is the greatest common divisor of z and 5? 5 Let o(d) = -d + 14. Let w be o(0). Let u = -1 + 1. Suppose -r + 2*b = -95 - 21, 2*r - 5*b - 227 = u. Calculate the greatest common factor of w and r. 14 Let c = -5 - -7. Calculate the greatest common factor of c and 22. 2 Let n be (-2)/(-3)*6/2. Suppose 3*y = 5*i - n*i - 57, 2*i + 4*y - 8 = 0. What is the greatest common divisor of 14 and i? 14 Suppose 2*p + 13 = -3*a, -p + 8 = 2*p - a. Let x be (-2331)/(-315) - (-3)/5. What is the highest common divisor of p and x? 1 Let v = 0 + 1. Suppose -55 = i - 2*i. Let o be (-3 + 1)/((-10)/i). Calculate the highest common factor of o and v. 1 Suppose 0 = -7*v - 0*v + 49. What is the greatest common factor of 14 and v? 7 Suppose -42*v - 240 = -45*v. Calculate the highest common divisor of 30 and v. 10 Suppose -278 - 472 = -5*b. Suppose 6*j = j + b. Suppose 0 = -0*c + 2*c - 150. Calculate the highest common factor of j and c. 15 Suppose s + 3 = 51. Let x(q) = q**3 - 5*q**2 + 4*q. Let c be x(5). Suppose -c = -4*b + 4. What is the highest common factor of b and s? 6 Suppose 0 = -5*a + 38 + 22. Calculate the greatest common factor of 48 and a. 12 Let p be (-3)/(-1) + 9*6. Let v = 117 - p. Let w = v + -42. Calculate the greatest common divisor of w and 12. 6 Let p = 0 + 105. What is the highest common divisor of p and 21? 21 Let k = -63 + 79. Let z be 244/10 - (-8)/(-20). Calculate the greatest common factor of z and k. 8 Suppose 3 = c + 5. Let x be 9 - (-1 - c) - -1. What is the greatest common factor of x and 63? 9 Let d(o) = 10 - 2 + 8*o**2 + 5*o**3 - 7*o - 6*o**3. Let r be 72/8 - 6/3. Let p be d(r). What is the greatest common divisor of 40 and p? 8 Suppose -4*m = 4*z - 92, -4*m = 3*z - 76 - 11. Let o(n) = -10*n - n**3 - 6 - 8*n**2 - 2 - 1. Let h be o(-7). What is the greatest common factor of h and m? 6 Suppose -6 - 42 = -6*u. What is the greatest common divisor of u and 12? 4 Suppose i - 483 = -4*d, -3*d = -0*d + 4*i - 359. Calculate the highest common divisor of d and 11. 11 Let v(h) = h + 7. Let p(q) = -4*q**2. Let c be p(-1). Let k be v(c). Suppose 2 = -4*i + 14. Calculate the greatest common divisor of i and k. 3 Let o(y) = 21*y. Let n be o(1). Calculate the highest common divisor of 28 and n. 7 Suppose -x + 6*x - 2105 = 0. Suppose -3*s = 5*b - 7*s - x, -2*s - 251 = -3*b. What is the greatest common factor of 9 and b? 9 Let x be (4 - 3)*3/(-3). Let p = 2 - x. Let y be 1/((p - 2)/8). What is the greatest common factor of y and 12? 4 Let m(t) = -t**2 - 9*t - 14. Let f be m(-6). What is the greatest common divisor of 16 and f? 4 Suppose -2*f - f = -198. What is the highest common divisor of 99 and f? 33 Suppose -3*u + 44 = 2*t, -43 = -u + 2*t + 3*t. Calculate the greatest common factor of u and 36. 18 Let o(z) = z**2 - 2*z + 4. Let n be o(3). Suppose -n*i = -5*i - 36. What is the highest common divisor of 9 and i? 9 Suppose -2*y + 3*t + 43 = 0, 0*y + 2*t = -2*y + 18. Calculate the highest common divisor of y and 126. 14 Suppose 5*r - 405 = -70. Calculate the highest common factor of 469 and r. 67 Let u = 58 - 48. What is the highest common divisor of u and 25? 5 Let z be 3/(-18)*-2*-9. Let g be (z/5)/(13/(-195)). Calculate the highest common factor of 1 and g. 1 Suppose j = 5*j - 68. Let d(v) = -4*v**3 - 4*v**2 + v - 1. Let m be d(-4). Calculate the highest common divisor of m and j. 17 Let i(v) = -v + 4. Let o be i(3). Suppose -o = -l + 32. What is the highest common divisor of l and 22? 11 Suppose 3*d + 0*j - 12 = 5*j, -2*j = -3*d + 12. Suppose 5*z - 75 = d*u, -3*u - 48 = -2*z - z. Let l = -1 + 23. What is the greatest common factor of z and l? 11 Let u = -31 - -67. What is the greatest common divisor of 9 and u? 9 Suppose 0 = -2*o + 6*o - 12. Let u(a) = a**3 - 10*a**2 + 11*a + 15. Let k be u(9). What is the greatest common divisor of k and o? 3 Let q be 4/8 + 6/4. Suppose 4*p + 4 = -q*y, -2*p - 6*y - 14 = -2*y. Let d be -1 + 1/(1/10). What is the highest common divisor of p and d? 1 Suppose -2*m = m - 18. Suppose 0*u + 222 = 2*u. Suppose 4*c + 15 = u. What is the highest common factor of m and c? 6 Let r = -34 - -69. Suppose -4*n + r = -45. Let s = -6 + n. What is the highest common divisor of 70 and s? 14 Suppose -2*c = -3*c + 1. What is the highest common divisor of c and 1? 1 Suppose 29 = 3*t - 4*a, -3*a + 6*a = 3*t - 27. Let x(k) = k**2 - 8*k + 9. Let p be x(t). Let q = -109 + 119. Calculate the greatest common divisor of p and q. 2 Let o(r) = 49*r**2 - r. Let v be o(1). Suppose -v = -2*h + h. Calculate the highest common factor of h and 16. 16 Let b(j) = -j**2 + 2*j + 12. Let g be b(0). Suppose -15 - 9 = -4*f. Suppose -2*x = -f*x + 16. Calculate the highest common divisor of x and g. 4 Let c = -18 - -21. Suppose 6 - c = g. Calculate the highest common factor of g and 2. 1 Suppose f + f - 22 = 0. Suppose 3*k - u = 4*u + 246, -3*k = 3*u - 222. Calculate the greatest common factor of k and f. 11 Let p be 2*5 + 1*2. Let v = 18 - p. Suppose 3*i + 9 = k - 0*k, i - 77 = -5*k. What is the greatest common factor of v and k? 3 Suppose 0 = 4*l - 7*m + 2*m - 335, -3*l - 4*m + 290 = 0. Calculate the highest common factor of l and 10. 10 Let r(q) = -q**3 + 2*q**2 - 1. Let s be r(-1). Suppose -y - 10 = u, 3*y + 3 = s*u - 2. Let v = u + 18. What is the highest common divisor of 39 and v? 13 Let d = -16 + 26. Suppose 3*y - 13 - 5 = 0. Suppose x = z + y, -3*x + d + 0 = z. Calculate the highest common divisor of 1 and x. 1 Let h(q) = 90*q - 2. Let x be h(1). What is the greatest common divisor of 8 and x? 8 Let u = -53 + 89. What is the highest common divisor of u and 48? 12 Suppose 2*j = -0*j + 1214. Suppose j = 4*a - l, 4*l + l = 2*a - 281. Calculate the highest common divisor of 17 and a. 17 Let t be (45/6)/(4/8). Suppose 3*c = -2*c - t, -2*c = -q + 18. Calculate the greatest common factor of 36 and q. 12 Suppose 5*w + 32 + 8 = 4*y, 3*y + 5*w = 65. Suppose 30 + 30 = 2*c. Calculate the highest common divisor of y and c. 15 Suppose 4*b - 3*o = -71 - 35, 2 = o. Let y be (390/b)/(2/(-10)). Calculate the highest common divisor of 13 and y. 13 Let r(s) = -3*s - 3. Let o be r(-6). What is the greatest common factor of o and 120? 15 Suppose 0*j = j. Suppose j*l - 3*l = -2*f - 12, l + 3*f = -7. Suppose 32 = 5*v + l. What is the greatest common factor of v and 6? 6 Let g(m) be the second derivative of -m**4/12 - 2*m**3/3 + 7*m**2/2 - 2*m. Let o be g(-6). Let u = 13 + o. What is the greatest commo
Ten Days in a Mad-House By Published: Pages: Downloads: Share This By This book is available for free download in a number of formats - including epub, pdf, azw, mobi and more. You can also read the full text online using our ereader. Since my experiences in Blackwell's Island Insane Asylum were published in the World I have received hundreds of letters in regard to it. The edition containing my story long since ran out, and I have been prevailed upon to allow it to be published in book form, to satisfy the hundreds who are yet asking for copies.I am happy to be able to state as a result of my visit to the asylum and the exposures consequent thereon, that the City of New York has appropriated $1,000,000 more per annum than ever before for the care of the insane. So I have at least the satisfaction of knowing that the poor unfortunates will be the better cared for because of my work. Book Excerpt m." "They don't look very nice," she answered, assentingly, "but they are good, honest working women. We do not keep crazy people here." I again used my handkerchief to hide a smile, as I thought that before morning she would at least think she had one crazy person among her flock. "They all look crazy," I asserted again, "and I am afraid of them. There are so many crazy people about, and one can never tell what they will do. Then there are so many murders committed, and the police never catch the murderers," and I finished with a sob that would have broken up an audience of blase critics. She gave a sudden and convulsive start, and I knew my first stroke had gone home. It was amusing to see what a remarkably short time it took her to get up from her chair and to whisper hurriedly: "I'll come back to talk with you after a while." I knew she would not come back and she did not. When the supper-bell rang I went along with the others to the basement and partook of the evening A remarkable story told by an extremely courageous young lady. Her efforts were an attempt to expose the machinations of an abusive institutional system that centered on funding and budget manipulations. Padding patient roles with innocent victims to induce funding increases was common, as was vendor kickbacks when premium prices were charged for spoiled food, substandard commodities, shorted coal deliveries, etc.. Ms Cochrane eventually saw the cover-up efforts and felt helpless against them. I contend that MS Cochrane was in far more danger than she had realized. Had she been exposed, she would have vanished like some of the women she sought to contact later. Dr Dent would have made sure of it! After the fact, I imagine that Dr Dent and any corrupt commissioners enjoyed the budget increases as they could shift that much more to their own pockets. Ms Cochrane put them on the run, however, and had an effect. An incredible young lady to say the least. A true life account of this journalist who got herself committed to a New York insane asylum to expose the atrocities and injustices suffered by the mentally ill. It is a very interesting study into the life and atitudes of the time. A good read!! I came across the name of this author while searching the website www.forgotten-nyc.com. I enjoyed this book a lot. I already recommended it as a good read to many of my friends. I am happy that a person as Ms. Bly, put herself in situations to put the truth out for the public to read and be a part of much needed drastic changes. I am all for women empowerment.
Q: binary counter in C I am busy with a project where the following function needs to be implemented in C void logic_circuit(int inputs[4],int outputs[2]) A counter needs to be created since all the 4 bit combinations needs to be inserted into this function... void logic_circuit(int inputs[4],int outputs[2]) { //some calculations outputs[0] = ... outputs[1] = ... } //allocate memory int inputs[4]; int outputs[2]; for(0000 to 1111) { logic_circuit(0000,outputs); } I have been searching the web intensively but unfortunately I was'nt able to find anything usefull.Does anyone have an idea on how to tackle this issue? A: Instead of four nested loops, you could also fill the inputs array from a single loop counter, for(mask = 0; mask < 0x10; ++mask) { for(index = 0; index < 4; ++index) { inputs[index] = (mask >> index) & 1; } logic_circuit(inputs, output); } That scales better to larger inputs arrays.
WILLIAMSPORT, Pa. — The caregiver of a 4-year-old girl who died in a hot car in Williamsport has been found not guilty of the most serious charges against... WILLIAMSPORT, Pa. -- The caregiver of a 4-year-old girl who died in a hot car in Williamsport has been found not guilty of the most serious charges against her. Brittany Borgess of South Williamsport was charged in 2016. Williamsport police say Borgess left Samaria Motyka in a car for several hours on a 97-degree day in July of 2016. Borgess was acquitted last week of involuntary manslaughter, child endangerment, and reckless endangerment. She was found guilty of leaving a child unattended in a car and must pay a $25 fine.
Why In-Memory Applications Will Improve Oracle Oracle (NASDAQ:ORCL) has launched its new in-memory application to enable organizations to reduce corporate costs and accelerate download of time-consuming workloads. The product makes flash memories and network fabrics to run 10-20 times faster than commodity hardware. In this article, I will explain why the product will enable Oracle to continue its upward momentum and reward investors along the way. Why will Oracle achieve sales growth with the new in-memory application? Market analysts predict that in-memory computing will bring major disruptions in the IT industry in the next few years. Due to new technologies and increased demand, the market is slated to expand. According to a new study by Market Research Media, a respected firm, the market for the larger high performance computing solutions, which includes in-memory computing, will hit $220 billion within seven years. In other words, Oracle will benefit since its new product is in a growth sector. Financials Oracle reported that hardware sales, which include in-memory products, recorded a revenue of $671 million in 2013's third quarter. Without the impact of currency conversion, total revenues of Oracle would have been 1% higher. In-memory sales made Oracle's operating income increase by 1% to $3.3 billion. Earnings per share increased to $0.52, up 6% compared with the same period in 2012. Net income was unchanged at $2.5 billion. "Our non-GAAP operating margin increased to a quarter three record of 47%, and we expect it to reach an all-time high for the fiscal year," said Oracle's president and CFO, Safra Catz. "Both operating cash flow and free cash flow were at record levels for a quarter three, with operating cash flow of $13.7 billion over the last twelve months." The company, in its 2013 second-quarter report, announced that hardware systems generated a revenue of $734 million. In-memory products helped revenues to grow by 3% to $9.1 billion. Operating income was up by 12% to $3.1 billion. Net income grew by 18% to $2.6 billion, while earnings per share were $0.53, up 24% compared with 2012. Operating cash flow was $13.5 billion on trailing twelve-month period. Oracle has a number of in-memory products in the market. TimesTen In-Memory Database is an application that's created to work in the application tier and collects information in main memory. Oracle In-Memory Database Cache delivers a real-time cache for Oracle data. Oracle's Exalytics In-Memory Machine ensures high-quality performance planning for organizations. The just-released in-memory applications will transform batch processing to real time and cut down response time in a significant way. Businesses can quickly spot areas of growth and make smarter choices. Executive can analyze in near real-time to generate ideas to solve critical organizational problems. "Oracle continues to demonstrate its commitment to innovation that produces business results and values for Oracle applications running on Oracle engineered systems," said Steve Miranda, Oracle's executive vice president of application development. "The release of Oracle In-Memory Applications will help organizations not only complete load runs faster, but also discover new insights for efficiencies that would have been previously overlooked." The in-memory applications are important for Oracle in 2013. Fortunately, their use in consumer devices, entertainment equipment, and other embedded IT systems is predicted to show explosive growth. Consequently, Oracle will gain a head start over its rivals with the products. When we relate Oracle's hardware sales to its recent reports, we saw great sales figures. It is clear that the company is operating profitably, so it can be said that Oracle is carrying out its business activities with efficiency. Competition So how is Oracle performing in relation to rivals? With a gross margin of 80.84%, compared with 73.51% for SAP AG (NYSE:SAP) and 22.32% for Hewlett-Packard (NYSE:HPQ), price to earnings of 15.07, compared with 24.50 for SAP AG, and EPS of 2.15, compared with -6.55 for Hewlett-Packard, Oracle is doing better than the others. SAP AG's High Performance Analytic Appliance (HANA) will provide competition to Oracle's new products. But it is 10-20 times slower in transforming batch processing to real time. Hewlett Packard recently introduced Center for Excellence, an in-memory device that helps organizations to leverage real-time data to enhance their operations. But it is still not as fast as Oracle's new product in driving performance. Based on the price multiples of the three rivals and the strength of their in-memory applications, it is clear that Hewlett-Packard and SAP AG are not doing as well as Oracle. Conclusion Looking at the performance of Oracle's hardware products in the recent financial reports and the growth prospects of in-memory applications in the next few years, we can say Oracle's new product will improve the company's price multiples. In conclusion, Oracle is a good buy at the moment. Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Separation and identification of acylated leuprorelin inside PLGA microspheres. Studies have shown that the N-terminus and lysine side residue of peptides are prone to acylation in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. Peptides such as leuprorelin lack a free N-terminus or lysine and only contain serine, arginine, and tyrosine as nucleophilic residues. The purpose of this study was to detect potential acylation impurities and determine their corresponding acylation sites in commercial leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres. Commercial samples from three vendors were selected as targets for our study. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia were used to separate and collect impurities. HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to confirm both the structure and acylation sites of the impurities. Our study demonstrated that impurities originating from both degradation of microspheres and synthesis of leuprorelin were well separated and identified using these HPLC conditions. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of acylated leuprorelin showed that diglycoyl, lactoyl-glycoyl, dilactoyl, and monolactoyl groups were conjugated to serine in leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres. This is the first report showing serine to be the acylation site in peptide-loaded PLGA microspheres. Separation and identification of acylated leuprorelin derivatives will assist in minimising acylation and guiding the development of quality control for commercial leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system and method for automatically holding vehicle speed at a cruising speed and automatically controlling the vehicle speed so as to follow a preceding vehicle at a safe inter-vehicle distance, and specifically relates to a system and method therefore which can appropriately track the preceding vehicle along a curved road. 2. Description of the Prior Art Along with the recent development of automatic cruise control systems which move the vehicle at a constant, set speed, various systems have been proposed for controlling vehicle speed so as to automatically track a leading veicle at a safe inter-vehicle distance when the automatic cruise control system is actuated in order to prevent a rear-end collision of the preceding vehicle and to improve the drivability of the vehicle. Conventional systems as described above are exemplified in Japanese Patent Application Open No. 58-43009 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,469. The structure of the system disclosed in the above-identified document is shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, a radar unit 1 monitors the distance between the vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the first vehicle) and an obstacle preceding and moving essentially parallel to the first vehicle. A vehicle speed sensor 3 monitors the vehicle speed. An arithmetic operation circuit 5 controls the vehicle speed via a throttle valve opening angle control circuit 7 on the basis of the distance detected by the radar unit 1 and the vehicle speed detected by the sensor 3 such that the vehicle automatically follows the obstacle at a safe intervehicle distance. In addition, the arithmetic operation circuit 5 controls the vehicle speed so as to hold the vehicle constant speed when the circuit 5 receives a signal from a curved road detection circuit 11 indicating that the vehicle is travelling on a curved road. The curved road detection circuit 11 recognizes that the vehicle is moving along a curved road when a steering angle sensor 9 outputs a signal indicating that a steering wheel is rotated through greater than a predetermined angle. Since the directivity of the radar unit 1 is limited to the direction of travel, the system must take measures to prevent erroneous vehicle speed control due to erroneous results from the radar unit 1 which may not be measuring the distance from the vehicle to the preceding vehicle S, but rather to a reflector mounted on a guard rail or the like, as shown in FIG. 2(a). However, the system disclosed in the above-identified document still has a problem in that since the vehicle speed is held just as it was when the first vehicle was trailing another vehicle, the vehicle speed is not suitably controlled in cases where the other vehicle approaches or pulls away from the first vehicle as it passes through a long curve. That is to say, in a specific case in which the first vehicle Z abruptly approaches the preceding vehicle S as they move through a curve as shown in FIG. 2(b), the vehicle driver will need to control the vehicle speed manually to decelerate the vehicle in accordance with the decrease in the intervehicle distance.
Menu Billy’s Home for Wayward Girls My friend Jill from California has this uncanny knack for remembering birthdays even though she lives two thousand miles away and it’s been years since I’ve seen her. And every year, like clockwork, something arrives in the mail a few days before mine. Always funny and always incredibly delightfully home-made. Years ago, she used to call my old apartment “Billy’s Home for Wayward Girls” because I always seem to be housing some traveling model or perhaps a compromised woman in need of a place to stay. Here’s this year’s card. “April 29th was always a red letter day at Billy’s Home for Wayward Girls. Once a year on this day, Billy took in one more girl to celebrate his birthday. His plan was to eventually have one girl for each year of his age. Unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on how you look at it), he couldn’t remember how old he was.” RSS Links About Billy Sheahan Disclosure Policy: I mention people, companies and organizations from time to time in my blog. I don't get paid or compensated for any recommendations. The lawyer-speak: This policy is valid from 01 January 2012 This blog is a personal blog written and edited by me. This blog does not accept any form of advertising, sponsorship, or paid insertions. We write for our own purposes. However, we may be influenced by our background, occupation, religion, political affiliation or experience. The owner(s) of this blog will never receive compensation in any way from this blog. The owner(s) of this blog is not compensated to provide opinion on products, services, websites and various other topics. The views and opinions expressed on this blog are purely the blog owners. If we claim or appear to be experts on a certain topic or product or service area, we will only endorse products or services that we believe, based on our expertise, are worthy of such endorsement. Any product claim, statistic, quote or other representation about a product or service should be verified with the manufacturer or provider. This blog does not contain any content which might present a conflict of interest.
Today the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy announced that Doug Simons, Director of the Gemini Observatory, will step down at the end of his term on May 18, 2011. Appointed for a five year term in 2006, Dr. Simons has directed the Gemini Observatory through an extremely challenging period in which the nature of the Gemini partnership changed radically with the withdrawal of the United Kingdom. As a result, the Gemini Observatory, under Simons’ leadership, mapped out a transition plan that will allow Gemini to continue to provide the partners with full access to an exciting suite of observing capabilities over the next five years. Dr. William Smith, President of AURA, said "Doug leaves behind a lasting legacy for Gemini that will allow us to respond to the many challenges we will face in the future." Dr. Simons will take on new tasks within the Gemini Observatory that include creating a more active synergy among the Mauna Kea observatories. In making this announcement AURA also appointed Dr. Fredric Chaffee as Interim Director for a period of one year beginning May 18th. Dr. Chaffee, who previously directed the MMT and Keck Observatories, brings a wealth of experience in management and science. He has also chaired AURA’s oversight committee for Gemini over the past five years. AURA will begin a formal search for a new Gemini Director immediately. Dr. Caty Pilachowski, Chair of the AURA Board, said "Doug has been a tremendous asset for AURA and I look forward to his continued contributions in Gemini. I look forward to the Interim Directorship of Fred Chaffee who will lead the Observatory through a critical period over the next year."
Does anxiety sensitivity predict symptoms of panic, depression, and social anxiety? This study examined whether the lower-order factors of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) exhibited specificity in predicting symptoms of panic, depression, and social anxiety prospectively. This question was addressed using a sample of undergraduates stratified to represent low, medium, and high levels of anxiety sensitivity (AS). It was hypothesized that the physical concerns, mental concerns, and social concerns subscales of the ASI would predict increases in panic, depression, and social anxiety symptoms, respectively, one year later. Results found that the physical concerns subscale predicted increases in both panic and depressive symptoms. Neither the mental concerns nor the social concerns subscales predicted significant variance in any of the Time 2 symptoms. Theoretical implications of these data for AS are discussed.
Over at the Washington Post‘sPostPartisan blog, Jonathan Bernstein discusses the rising influence of the “Ron Paul crowd” on Republican state party platforms. Bernstein cites a derisive piece from Ed Kilgore on a draft platform being considered by the Iowa Republican Party: A new policy paper from my colleague Michael Tanner analyzes the growth in the American welfare state and concludes that “throwing money at the problem has neither reduced poverty nor made the poor self-sufficient.” Michael makes an important point that—in my experience—most journalists don’t seem to appreciate: My new piece at ForeignPolicy.com on Ron Paul and the Republican Party focuses on the strong support that Paul draws from young people, with some additional speculation about where those young people will end up, if and when Paul steps back from his very public role.
Q: insert edittext between two other edittexts with inflater I am totally new to android and programming, and you have helped me a ton so far. I have hit another roadblock,however. (sure there are many more to come) I am adding edittexts dynamically with the layoutinflator to a vertical linearlayout. When i select an edittext in the middle and hit the button to inflate another edittext, I need to know how to insert the new edittext directly below the one that is selected, pushing the rest down, instead of adding it after the last one added. Thanks in advance for your valuable time, Chris A: LinearLayout has an addView(View view, int index) method which you can use to put new view into it at specific position.
/* * Copyright 2019 Google * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ #ifndef FIRESTORE_CORE_SRC_NANOPB_PRETTY_PRINTING_H_ #define FIRESTORE_CORE_SRC_NANOPB_PRETTY_PRINTING_H_ #include <pb.h> #include <string> #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h" #include "absl/strings/string_view.h" namespace firebase { namespace firestore { namespace nanopb { namespace internal { // Creates a string of spaces corresponding to the given indentation level. std::string Indent(int level, int indent_width = 2); std::string ToString(pb_bytes_array_t* value); std::string ToString(bool value); std::string ToString(float value); std::string ToString(double value); template <typename T> std::string ToString(const T& value) { return std::to_string(value); } } // namespace internal // Prints a nested message by delegating to its `ToString` member function. // // If the nested message is empty, then: // - if `always_print` is false, an empty string is returned. // - if `always_print` is true, a string containing field name and empty braces // is returned. template <typename T> std::string PrintMessageField(absl::string_view name, const T& value, int indent_level, bool always_print) { auto contents = value.ToString(indent_level); if (contents.empty()) { if (!always_print) { return ""; } else { return absl::StrCat(internal::Indent(indent_level), name, "{\n", internal::Indent(indent_level), "}\n"); } } return absl::StrCat(internal::Indent(indent_level), name, contents, "\n"); } // Prints a primitive type field. // // If the field has its default value (e.g., zero), then: // - if `always_print` is false, an empty string is returned. // - if `always_print` is true, a string representing the default value is // returned. template <typename T> std::string PrintPrimitiveField(absl::string_view name, T value, int indent_level, bool always_print) { if (value == T{} && !always_print) { return ""; } return absl::StrCat(internal::Indent(indent_level), name, internal::ToString(value), "\n"); } // Prints an enum type field by delegating to a `EnumToString` free function. // // If the enum has its default value, zero), then: // - if `always_print` is false, an empty string is returned. // - if `always_print` is true, a string representing the default value is // returned. template <typename T> std::string PrintEnumField(absl::string_view name, T value, int indent_level, bool always_print) { if (value == T{} && !always_print) { return ""; } return absl::StrCat(internal::Indent(indent_level), name, EnumToString(value), "\n"); } // Begins output for a message. // // For a non-root message (determined by `indent_level`), this is just an // opening brace. For the root message, `message_name` and the address of the // object are additionally printed (e.g., "<Foo 0x12345678>: {"). std::string PrintHeader(int indent_level, absl::string_view message_name, const void* message_ptr); // Ends output for a message. // // This just outputs a closing brace. std::string PrintTail(int indent_level); } // namespace nanopb } // namespace firestore } // namespace firebase #endif // FIRESTORE_CORE_SRC_NANOPB_PRETTY_PRINTING_H_
I’m interested in estimating the number of tweets President Trump will post in a given week so I can use the model to bet on PredictIt. My post last week demonstrated that a stationary Poisson process had some weaknesses – the rate wasn’t constant everywhere, and Trump’s tweets seemed to self-excite (i.e. if he’s in the middle of a tweet storm, he’s likely to keep tweeting). In this post, I’ll focus on modeling tweet counts as a Poisson generalized linear model (GLM). (You probably won’t need to know much about GLMs to understand this post, but if you’re interested, the canonical text is by Peter McCullagh and John Nelder. I also highly recommend Alan Agresti’stextbook, which I used in his class.) The model will be autoregressive, as I will include the tweet counts for the previous few days among my set of predictors. First I’ll go over the results, so jump ahead if you’re interested in the more technical model details. Results In short, my model uses simulations to predict the weekly tweet count probabilities. That is, it simulates 5,000 possible versions of the week, and counts how many of these simulations are in each PredictIt bucket. It uses these counts to assign probabilities to each bucket. I ran the model last night and compared the results to the probabilities on PredictIt – all of my predictions were within three percentage points of those online, with the exception of one bucket that was eight off (the “55 or more” bucket, which my model thought was less likely than the market). Running it again this morning, however, something was off – the odds in the market had shifted considerably toward preferring less tweets, at odds with my model. Confused, I read the comments, which indicated that seven tweets had been removed from Trump’s account this morning. However, the removed tweets were from a while ago, so I was confused why they would make a difference in this week’s count. Then I read the market rules: “The number of total tweets posted by the Twitter account realDonaldTrump shall exceed 34,455 by the number or range identified in the question…The number by which the total tweets at expiration exceeds 34,455 may not equal the number of tweets actually posted over that time period … [since] tweets may be deleted prior to expiration of this market.” D’oh. That didn’t seem like the smartest rule. It meant the number of weekly tweets could be negative if Trump deleted a whole bunch of tweets from before the week. There weren’t many options for modeling these purges with the data at hand. Therefore, I decided to assume that no more tweets would be deleted this week, and subtracted the 7 missing tweets from the simulation. I ran the model on Friday evening, with the following histogram depicting the distribution of simulated total weekly tweet counts: The following plot shows the simulated trajectories for the week, with 4 paths randomly colored for emphasis: Finally, the following table shows my model probabilities, compared to those on PredictIt as of this writing: Thus, compared to my model, the market believes Trump will have a quiet week. This may reflect the possibility of Trump deleting more tweets, or it could be some market knowledge that Trump will be preoccupied by various presidential engagements. In general, however, the market prices align nicely with the model; no two buckets (beside the first two) disagree with the model probability by more than 4%. I think this is definitely a more robust model than the simple Poisson process, as the probabilities align quite well with the market. Thus, not expecting much in returns, I bought shares of “No” for “24 or fewer” and “25-29” and “Yes” for “35-39” and “40-44”. Model For this analysis, I thought it made sense to predict tweets as daily counts as opposed to weekly counts, so the predictions would be more fine-tuned. Thus, denote by the number of tweets made by Trump on day . Given a vector of predictors for day and a vector of (learned) coefficients , the model I used was Note that because we are exponentiating , the rate parameter will never be negative, so there are no constraints on the sign of . To keep the model simple, I was fairly limited in my set of predictors. I included an intercept term, the day of the week, and binary variables to indicate if the tweet occurred after Trump won the election and whether the tweet occurred after the inauguration (the graph from my previous post indicates a significant changepoint after the election). I also included an indicator variable indicating whether there was a presidential or vice presidential debate – although these won’t happen again, they explain spikes in the existing data. It also seemed reasonable that the number of Trump’s tweets today would depend on how many tweets he had in the previous few days. Thus, as a first attempt, I included the past 5 days of history, and used the following model: Here, is the vector of aforementioned predictors, i.e. intercept, day of week, etc. At time , the scalars indicate the counts of the previous 5 days, and each count has its own parameter to be estimated, . Thus, this model requires that we estimate along with . I used the built-in glm function in R to estimate these variables using maximum likelihood. If you’re unfamiliar with maximum likelihood, the basic idea is that we can maximize by taking the gradient with respect to our parameters and and using an iterative method to set the gradient to 0. (I’d like to get a blog post up someday about GLMs in general so I could focus on maximum likelihood estimation and discuss some other nice properties.) After fitting to the current data, I found that among the , only and were deemed statistically significant (and even these predicted values were quite small). Besides the intercept and debate indicator, the most statistically significant coefficient was for the indicator of being after the election, at (recall that these end up getting exponentiated). Thus, I re-ran the model using only the past two days of history (as opposed to five) in the autoregressive component. The following graph shows how the model mean fits to the training data: Not perfect, but reasonable given the basic set of predictors, and it appears to get the general trends right. Note that the four spikes correspond exactly to the debates. I was initially worried about overdispersion – recall that in a Poisson model, the variance of the output is equal to the mean, so if the variance in reality is larger than the mean, a Poisson would be a poor approximation. Thus, I also tried using a negative binomial to model the data, which performed worse in training log-likelihood and training error. As a result, I stuck with the original Poisson model. After estimating all the coefficients, it was time to model the probability of finishing in each bucket on PredictIt. Because the number of tweets in one day would affect the number of tweets for the next day, I couldn’t model these probabilities analytically. Thus, I ran 5,000 simulations to approximate the probability of being in each bucket by Wednesday noon. One final note about the model – it predicts tweets for full-day length intervals, i.e. noon Monday to noon Tuesday. However, what if it’s 8 pm on Sunday, and we’re curious how often Trump will tweet before Wednesday at noon? Predicting for 2 more rows would not be enough (finishing Tuesday at 8 pm), and using 3 would be too much (finishing Wednesday at 8 pm). Thus, I decided to run an additional model that rounded at the nearest noon. That is, I duplicated the above model, except I used the number of tweets between now and the next noon as the response variable. For example, if I were running the program at 8 pm on Sunday, I would model how often Trump tweets between 8 pm and the following day’s noon for every day in the history. Then, I would use this set of coefficients to predict the tweets between now and the next noon, and then finish off all remaining full days with the coefficients from the aforementioned model. (If none of this paragraph makes sense, don’t worry about it, as it’s a pretty minor detail.) In the future, I’d be interested in more complicated variations, such as modeling tweet deletions or using a larger set of predictors (along with performing a more rigorous dispersion analysis). Update I bought shares in four markets (two Yes’s and two No’s). The tweet count ended up being in one of the Yes markets, good enough for a 25% return. That’s a great return, but it’s too early to say anything conclusive about the model because . That being said, I’ll continue to use the GLM because the results seem promising so far. Acknowledgments Thanks to Scott Linderman for suggesting an autoregressive GLM model. Also thanks to Teddy Kim for various suggestions and brainstorming help. A final thank you to Owen Ward for suggesting the connection between spikes and debates in the model.
In Michigan City, Language Matters A couple of years ago, a Michigan City, Ind., teacher paired two 10-year-old boys together on a science project. One was an excellent athlete; the other was a bit effeminate. The athlete’s friends teased him about the partner, but his parents encouraged him to become friends with the less-popular child. One day the boys were tossing a football around near a pool. As boys do, they began wrestling. A few people saw them; somehow, a story grew that they wrestled naked. Next came taunting that the athletic boy was “gay,” a “homo,” “queer.” Typical stuff, unfortunately, for 10-year-old boys. Except that the rumors and ribbing came from two adults: the young boy’s baseball coaches. The insinuations and heckling continued for two years. Once, during a baseball draft, another coach picked the young athlete in an early round. The first coach announced to the room full of adults that the other coach should also select the second boy. “They have a ‘special relationship,’“ he smirked. The athletic boy’s grades slid. Last June, he began having headaches. One night he woke up, unable to see. Alarmed, his sister told their parents that for two years a few other boys—and adult coaches—had been calling her brother a fag. “Everyone knows,” she said. The boy told his parents everything. At a baseball tournament in Kentucky, he said, he had prayed to God for one thing: that his coaches would let up, and allow him to enjoy the weekend. That adult men would, in this day and age, abuse a young boy that way is frightening. But what happened next is even more astonishing. The boy’s parents complained to the Michigan City Parks & Recreation board. After a two-month investigation, Parks Superintendent Darrell Garbacik suspended the two men—youth travel baseball head coach Scott Kaletha and assistant coach Mike Schwanke—for one year. Garbacik said that the coaches allowed inappropriate language to be used by adults and boys on teams under their direction. The coaches denied wrongdoing. Kaletha called the comments “joking and humor,” adding it was “just boys being boys.” According to the local News-Dispatch paper, he said he often engages in name-calling with players. He added that when he was young, coaches often used words like “homo” and “fag.” Michigan City is a former manufacturing town of 30,000 on Lake Michigan, 50 miles east of Chicago, now reinventing itself as a tourist destination. Many of its residents rose to Kaletha’s defense. They said that he donated his time generously to youth sports, and taught skills well. While they admitted he could be hard-headed, and occasionally yelled at umpires and encouraged unsportsmanlike behavior, they continued to support him. Election-style lawn signs with the coaches’ names sprang up around town. In late October, the Parks & Recreation board met to discuss the coaches’ appeal. The nine-hour meeting ended at 3:30 AM. Board members heard testimony, considered exhibits, and took notes. Then, by a 2-2 vote, they overturned the suspension. One father said, “I’ve coached with Scott Kaletha for eight years. Thank you for righting this wrong.” Adam Parkhouse—sports editor of the News-Dispatch and a baseball coach himself—says, “I was born and raised here. That decision really surprised me. Coaches and adults are not supposed to act the way these coaches did. You’re supposed to be a mentor, a teacher. You’re not supposed to allow or take part in boorish behavior.” Yet, just as disturbing as the behavior itself is the fact that, despite extensive local publicity, the case did not galvanize the gay community. There was little discussion about the impact of taunting a young boy—whether gay or, as in the case of the athlete, straight—with homophobic slurs. “I’m surprised no one stood up and spoke out on behalf of that,” Parkhouse says. “There’s no real gay presence here, but now that I think about it, it’s unfortunate the gay rights issue hasn’t really come up at all.” In early November, the Park Board reversed its stand on the coaches’ appeals. Its final ruling, that the original suspensions would stand, came after the board attorney reviewed Robert’s Rules of Order. Of course, this story is not about parliamentary procedure, the gruesome behavior of adults, or the role of sports in Michigan City. It’s about the power of words, and 10-year-old boys. “My son still loves baseball,” the boy’s mother said. “He will be a stronger person through all this. But I’ve learned how important it is for children to look up to adults to do the right thing. We have to say this type of language is not OK.” And, she notes, “While all this was happening, the other kids didn’t think it was funny. They didn’t like it at all.” Dan Woog is a journalist, educator, soccer coach, gay activist, and author of the “Jocks” series of books on gay male athletes. Visit his website at www.danwoog.com. He can be reached care of this publication or at [email protected]
New study of arm amputees predicts future for packaging What can arm amputees tell us about tomorrow’s packaging needs? According to a new study, this extreme user group provides a preview of the changing way humans interact with a wide variety of products and packaging, forcing packaging designs to adapt. While multitasking isn’t a new activity--we eat while we drive, we open doors while holding a child’s hand, we make dinner and talk on the phone--the dramatic surge in smartphone usage is driving a permanent change in human behavior that designers and manufacturers simply can’t ignore. A recent study investigated how arm amputees interacted with, and were challenged by, nearly 250 everyday products and their packaging across 18 different categories. Two-handed consumers were also surveyed to explore how they spent their days and how they fared with the same items. Related Sponsored Content The findings showed that two-handed consumers spent 40% of their day with one hand occupied. As a result, they attempt to interact with a variety of other products and packages using a single hand or finger. Why amputees? People are on the go and trying to get more done in less time. They desperately need items designed to accommodate that lifestyle. Yet precious little that we interact with on a daily basis has been designed to operate with only one hand. Basically, we are all living in a one-handed world, and who better to teach us than those who live elegantly and efficiently with one hand--arm amputees. Most market research captures the consumer’s past. With this study, smart marketers and designers have the opportunity to not only understand where the consumer is headed in the future, but also get there first with new designs to meet their needs. Technology not always the answer While some may point to technology advances such as voice- or motion-activation as solutions to the challenge, low-tech items people use every day stand to benefit even more from design improvements. For the packaging industry, that means everything from juice pouches to cereal boxes to resealable sandwich bags. Overall, one-quarter of amputee respondents found everyday items difficult to operate with one hand, with the degree of difficulty increasing with the complexity of the task. However, two-handed consumers also reported difficulty opening or using some products, even when both hands were fully available. In some cases, two-handed respondents reported more difficulty than the amputees. Of the top 10 categories identified as difficult, nine of them were identical between one-handed and two-handed people. That means the issue isn’t with the consumer, it’s with the item they are trying to open or use. Packaging among most difficult Packaging types whose packaging provided the greatest challenge for both groups included condiment or yogurt cups with peel-off lids in the Other Food category; safety seals and pills in blister-packs in the Health/Medical category; and individually wrapped cheese sticks and crackers in a standard bag-in-box in the Snack category. ADVERTISEMENT Packaging is ripe with opportunities for companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors by being easier to use with one hand. Convenience is the killer app. The study found that one-handed convenience creates delight and engenders loyalty in consumers. A product that is easy to use with a single available hand creates a tremendous competitive advantage for itself in the marketplace and can boost profits, since consumers will pay a premium for convenience.” Finding solutions In addition to providing data on individual packages within specific categories, the “One Handed World” syndicated study identifies 17 innovation platforms designers can use to innovate better and easier-to-open packages. For example, the “One Handed Stabilization and Manipulation” platform identifies products that require one hand to do two different jobs: stabilize an item AND manipulate it at the same time, such as opening a jar. In the one-handed world, a product like that is a failure for the consumer. Another platform is “Toothiness.” Despite the objections of dentists, many consumers use their teeth as a sort of “third hand” and, when employed safely, can be a beneficial tool. It’s all about facilitating usage. People are changing, and companies that look to the future and change their designs can win big. Kelley Styring is a Procter & Gamble and Frito-Lay market research veteran whose firm InsightFarm consults with Fortune 100 companies. More information is available for the onehandedworld. E-BOOK SPECIAL REPORT The 2014 Trends Report Sign up to receive timely updates from our editors and download this e-book consisting of our editors' picks of most notable package designs. Updated for 2014! Email * x Newsletters Don't miss intelligence crucial to your job and business! Click on any newsletter to view a sample. Enter your email address below to sign up!
Jon Stewart Says BYU’s Brandon Davies Doesn’t Exist In segment called “Tales Of Principled Behavior” TV host Jon Stewart commented on Bringham Young University’s decision to suspend one of their best players Brandon Davies. After the college hoopster confessed to having consensual premarital sex with his girlfriend, the notoriously strict institution kicked Davies out of school for violating the campus honor code. While Stewart praised the school for sticking to their guns he couldn’t help but have some fun at their expense. “BYU suspended one of their best players right before the NCAA tournament because he had consensual sex with his girlfriend,” Stewart explained. “You know what they call a Division I athlete that limits his sex to either just his girlfriend, or, just to consent? A fictional character.”
Secret Battle Of Yellowstone Photographers Thinking of taking some pictures in Yellowstone National Park? Fine, but be respectful. And for those that want to PHOTOGRAPH Yellowstone, (yes, there is a difference), slow your roll, mind your manners and start thinking about wearing protection. Things are getting out of hand. Wild World - Nature Photography by Deby Dixon One who knows we are stewards of our planet, Deby Dixon with Wild World - Nature Photography is a talented photographer with a love and respect for nature, who has noted: “Times are changing here in Yellowstone. The crowds are growing, bear fever is making people nuts, and photos are harder to come by. And, amongst the regulars who come to the park to take photos, I see an over-the-top competitive attitude, anger, angst and a general unhappiness.” “Visitors and unethical photographers are running after animals and pushing and shoving to get a shot. I've seen people surround a grizzly sow and cubs at 15', a family with young kids run after a black bear family, people telling others to get out of their way because it is their turn to get a shot.” (There are) “people constantly walking and standing in front of people's cameras, shouting, running and continually parking in the road and leaving car doors open while the occupants pile out and run down an animal or three.” “The disrespect has grown by leaps and bounds. Visitors resent us with big lenses and will constantly block us. There is no way to get shots at legal distances due to the crowds surrounding the animals.” Wild World - Nature Photography by Deby Dixon For 5 years Deby has loved sharing information with the beauty of Yellowstone’s animals, but that has changed. She says “I can no longer, in good conscience, share up to date location information on the wildlife because they are being mobbed by large crowds already.” It seems the digital age is causing big problems with people posting location information on social sites and texting real time information that has animals suddenly surrounded by hordes of increasingly rude and disrespectful camera slingers who only care about getting their trophy shot. Wild World - Nature Photography by Deby Dixon And then there is her concern for some of the more popular animals that get named, become icons, and then potentially become a trophy on someone’s wall if they wander outside of the park or fall victim to poachers. Personal note; Getting quality photographs and video is expensive and difficult. Countless hours go into the possibility of getting one great shot or a few seconds of video. Packing heavy gear while slogging through mountains, woods, swamps, streams and fields filled with mosquitos, snow, heat and cold. Here’s to those who do so much to bring all of us the beauty that only a lucky few get to see and capture. Here’s to your success and the success of the park rangers, staff and citizens concerning themselves with protecting OUR national parks and animals.
Q: Best options to improve very slow 'related items' query I have two tables, one of images, and one that describes which images have been liked by which users. This second table just has a row per image/user combination. I want to write a query that will return which other images in the database has as many 'likers' in common as possible. So, the tables look like: images +----+----------+ | id | filename | +----+----------+ images_users +----------+---------+ | image_id | user_id | +----------+---------+ My query is: SELECT images.filename FROM images_users INNER JOIN images ON images.id = images_users.image_id WHERE images_users.user_id IN ( .... list of user IDs ....) AND NOT images.id = <current image id> GROUP BY images.id ORDER BY COUNT(images.id) DESC LIMIT 10; Which is to say, find all the rows with matching 'likers', group by the image id, order by the count of that, and return the top 10. I also exclude the current image id, since of course that is otherwise always the top hit. When the list of user IDs I want to match with grows, this query can take minutes to run - although I am only running it on a home PC, not a big server. I kind of get the feeling that I'm stuck here, in the sense that my data is normalised according to the rules, but it's just a tough job for the server. I have indexes on all the columns in the join, and the query. Can I represent this information in another way, that might improve the query time? ----- Edited for questions below ----- The explain output for the query is below: explain SELECT filename from images_users inner join images on id = image_id where image_users.user_id in (162,591,596,603,856,1654,1967,2219,3640,3847,3956,9201,10601) and not images.image_id = 41578 group by images.id order by count(images.id) desc limit 10; "1" "SIMPLE" "images_users" "range" "u_id_2,u_id,i_id" "i_id" "4" \N "9086346" "Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort" "1" "SIMPLE" "images" "eq_ref" "PRIMARY" "PRIMARY" "4" "images_users.i_id" "1" "" There are about 10,000 users, about 1.5M images, and about 6M rows in the images_users table. A: A Graph Database is the answer I'm answering my own question here, because I took @Jason's comment, followed the link to neo4j, installed it, learnt a bit of its excellent query language Cyper, and bam. Problem solved. I took all my data, the two million images, and ten million relationships, and pushed them into neo4j. First, I created indexes. CREATE INDEX ON :Image(filename) CREATE INDEX ON :User(name) And then ran the following query for every relationship between user and image. This also creates the nodes for the user and the image as it goes along, if they don't already exist. MERGE (i:Image{filename:'...'}) MERGE (u:User{name:'...'}) CREATE (u)-[:LIKES]->(i) This was a bit slow, and I did end up improving the import process somewhat, but the resulting data is the same. The query for the search then becomes MATCH (n:Image{filename:'...'})<-[]-(u:User)-[l]->(i:Image) WITH count(l) AS c, i.filename AS f ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 Which is a much more expressive way of writing a query in any case, and runs an order of magnitude faster than the equivalent MySQL query, on which all the appropriate indexes were present. Other queries, which would also have ended up as very expensive joins, like show me all the images with greater than five likes, are extremely efficient MATCH (n:Image) where size ( (n)<-[]-() ) > 3 return n.filename LIMIT 20
Vaping Damages DNA As Much As Cigarettes A study by chemists at the University of Connecticut offers new evidence that electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes are potentially as harmful as tobacco cigarettes. Using a new low-cost, 3-D printed testing device, UConn researchers found that e-cigarettes loaded with a nicotine-based liquid are potentially as harmful as unfiltered cigarettes when it comes to causing DNA damage. The researchers also found that vapor from non-nicotine e-cigarettes caused as much DNA damage as filtered cigarettes, possibly due to the many chemical additives present in e-cigarette vapors. Cellular mutations caused by DNA damage can lead to cancer. The findings appear in the journal ACS Sensors. How much DNA damage e-cigarettes cause depends on the amount of vapor the user inhales, the other additives present, whether nicotine or non-nicotine liquid is used, and other factors, says Karteek Kadimisetty, a postdoctoral researcher in UConn's chemistry department and the study's lead author. But One Finding Was Clear "From the results of our study, we can conclude that e-cigarettes have as much potential to cause DNA damage as unfiltered regular cigarettes," Kadimisetty says. Electronic cigarettes are battery-powered devices that heat up liquid and turn it into an aerosol vapor that can be inhaled. Using e-cigarettes is also called 'vaping.' The contents of e-cigarettes, called e-liquid or e-juice, are usually made up of propylene glycol, glycerine, nicotine, and flavorings such as menthol, cherry, vanilla, or mint. Non-nicotine e-cigarettes are also available. Frequently viewed as a less toxic alternative for people looking to break their habit of smoking tobacco cigarettes, modern e-cigarettes have steadily risen in popularity since they first appeared on the commercial market in 2004. How much e-cigarettes contribute to serious health problems and whether they serve as a gateway for future tobacco smokers remains the subject of much debate. Growing concerns about the potential health impact of electronic cigarettes however, prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to tighten its regulation of e-cigarettes in 2016. UConn's scientists decided to look into whether the chemicals in e-cigarettes could cause damage to human DNA while testing a new electro-optical screening device they developed in their lab. The small 3-D printed device is believed to be the first of its kind capable of quickly detecting DNA damage, or genotoxicity, in environmental samples in the field, the researchers say. The device uses micropumps to push liquid samples across multiple 'microwells' embedded in a small carbon chip. The wells are pre-loaded with reactive human metabolic enzymes and DNA. As the samples drop into the wells, new metabolites that have the potential to cause DNA damage are formed. Reactions between the metabolites and the DNA generate light that is captured by a camera. Within five minutes, users can see how much relative DNA damage a sample produces by the intensity of the light detected in each well. The device is unique in that it converts chemicals into their metabolites during testing, which replicates what happens in the human body, Kadimisetty says. Bioassays currently used to determine the genotoxicity of environmental samples may be more comprehensive, but they are often time-consuming and costly. Lab equipment alone can cost tens of thousands of dollars. The array developed at UConn provides an important initial screening tool for genotoxicity in just minutes. The chip central to the device is disposable and costs only a dollar to make, thanks to recent advances in 3-D printing. "What we developed is very cheap to make, efficient, and can be used by almost anyone," says UConn chemistry professor James Rusling, the senior researcher on the study. Affordable and efficient "labs on a chip" is a specialty of Rusling's lab, which has previously created miniature arrays that can detect antibodies to food allergens and cancer biomarker proteins. Rusling says similar arrays potentially could be used for quick genotoxic screening during drug development, for monitoring or testing fresh water supplies, and for the early detection of aggressive forms of cancer. In the current study, the researchers extracted samples from e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes using an artificial inhalation technique. Cigarettes were connected to a tube that contained a cotton plug. The researchers then used a syringe at the other end of the tube to replicate inhalation. Samples came from the chemicals captured in the cotton. The team set their test so that 20 puffs of an e-cigarette was roughly equivalent to smoking one tobacco cigarette, a ratio supported by other research. The team gathered samples at 20, 60, and 100 puffs. The potential DNA damage from e-cigarettes increased with the number of puffs, Kadimisetty says. "Some people use e-cigarettes heavily because they think there is no harm," he says. "We wanted to see exactly what might be happening to DNA, and we had the resources in our lab to do that." There are potentially hundreds of chemicals in e-cigarettes that could be contributing to DNA damage, Kadimisetty says. Rather than test for all of them, the UConn team targeted three known carcinogenic chemicals found in tobacco cigarettes. They then loaded their device's microwells with specific enzymes that would convert those chemicals into metabolites. If these chemicals were in the sample, the test gave them a reading for genotoxicity. If the chemicals were not present, there would be no reaction.
502 S.E.2d 438 (1998) 202 W.Va. 122 Lawrence W. CLEAVER, Administrator of the Estate of Douglas J. Cleaver, Appellant, v. The BIG ARM BAR & GRILL, INC., Westfield Insurance Company; Robert L. Buracker, Sheriff of Jefferson County, West Virginia, as Ancillary Administrator of the Estate of Andrew John Haba; and Erie Insurance Company, Appellees. No. 24508. Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. Submitted February 17, 1998. Decided April 2, 1998. *439 John C. Skinner, Jr., F. Samuel Byrer, Deborah B. Hillyard, Nichols & Skinner, Charles Town, for Appellant. Catherine D. Munster, Robert W. Trumble, McNeer, Highland, McMunn & Varner, Clarksburg, for Appellee Westfield. James D. Lamp, Sheryl A. Rucker, Lamp, O'Dell, Bartram & Entsminger, Huntington, Patrick J. Nooney, Hagerstown, MD, for Appellee Erie Insurance. WORKMAN, Justice: Lawrence M. Cleaver, as administrator of his son's estate, appeals from the January 28, 1997, ruling of the Circuit Court of Jefferson County granting summary judgment to Respondents Erie Insurance Company ("Erie") and Westfield Insurance Company ("Westfield") in a post-verdict declaratory judgment action to determine the availability of insurance coverage. Upon a full review of this matter, we affirm the decision of the lower court. I. FACTS The accident that resulted in Mr. Cleaver's son's death occurred on November 30, 1990. Andrew Haba ("Haba"), a 280-pound college freshman, drank heavily at the Big Arm Bar and Grill until closing time at 2:00 a.m. on the date of the accident. He then drove his vehicle to the Altos Club and parked his car on the berm of the west-bound lane of Route 45. His friends exited the car while he remained inside. One of Haba's friends returned to the vehicle and informed Haba that "everybody was ready to go in." Haba then exited the vehicle, locked the front door, and sprinted diagonally across Route 45 towards the Altos Club. Although he successfully crossed one of the lanes of Route 45, as he attempted to cross the second lane he collided with a Pontiac Fiero driven by Michael Hulbert ("Hulbert"). Both Haba and Douglas Cleaver, a passenger in the Hulbert vehicle, died as a result of the accident. Mr. Cleaver filed a wrongful death action against Haba, Hulbert, and the Big Arm Bar and Grill. The case proceeded to trial and the jury returned a verdict, finding Haba 80% negligent and the Big Arm Bar and Grill 20% negligent. Hulbert was determined to have no liability in connection with the accident. The jury awarded $1,832,757.99 in compensatory damages and $500,000 in punitives. Erie paid $1.5 million plus interest to Appellant, which sum represents the policy limits of Haba's homeowner's and umbrella insurance policies.[1] Appellant states that as *440 of December 15, 1997, the unpaid amount of the compensatory damage portion of the judgment was $484,117.43 plus interest of $103.55 per day. Following the verdict, Appellant was granted leave by the circuit court to file an amended complaint. Through the amended complaint, Appellant sought a declaratory judgment regarding the applicability of Haba's automobile liability insurance. A favorable declaratory judgment ruling would have made available another $250,000 of insurance proceeds under the automobile liability policy issued by Erie on the Haba vehicle. In addition, it would have permitted Appellant to seek underinsurance proceeds from the insurers of the Cleaver and Hulbert vehicles. The Cleavers have $750,000[2] in underinsurance coverage through Erie and Hulbert has $100,000 worth of underinsurance coverage through a policy issued by Westfield. Under the terms of the Erie automobile liability policy, coverage exists only if Douglas Cleaver's death is determined to have arisen out of the use of the Haba vehicle. On January 28, 1997, the circuit court granted summary judgment in favor of Erie and Westfield on the issue of whether Haba was "using" his vehicle at the time of the accident. The lower court held that: The accident which caused Douglas Cleaver's death did not arise out of the ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading of Andrew John Haba's vehicle. It thus follows that there is no insurance coverage under the Erie Haba auto liability policy. As Haba was not using his vehicle, he was also not an uninsured or underinsured motorist under West Virginia statute or under the applicable Erie policy. It thus also follows that there is no applicable coverage under the Erie, Cleaver UIM policy or the Westfield, Hulbert UIM policy for the death of Douglas Cleaver. In his appeal to this Court, Appellant argues that the lower court erred in concluding that the Haba vehicle was not being "used" at the time of the accident and also that Erie is estopped from denying automobile liability coverage based on correspondence issued by an Erie claims representative in December 1991. II. DISCUSSION A. "Use" of Vehicle We turn first to the lower court's decision to grant summary judgment on the grounds that the Haba vehicle was not being "used" at the time of the accident. Our standard of review for summary judgment rulings, as we stated in syllabus point one of Painter v. Peavy, 192 W.Va. 189, 451 S.E.2d 755 (1994), is "de novo." See also Syl. Pt. 3, Cox v. Amick, 195 W.Va. 608, 466 S.E.2d 459 (1995) (holding that "circuit court's entry of a declaratory judgment is reviewed de novo"). Appellant maintains that the Haba vehicle was being "used" at the time of the accident based on the temporal proximity of the accident to the vehicle's actual use and the causal connection of the vehicle to the accident. Conversely, Erie and Westfield both contend that Haba's "use" of the vehicle had ceased at the time of the accident and therefore, the requisite causal connection does not exist. See Trent v. Cook, 198 W.Va. 601, 606, 482 S.E.2d 218, 223 (1996) (stating that "`[c]ases construing the phrase "arising out of the ... use of a motor vehicle" uniformly require that the injured person establish a causal connection between the use of the motor vehicle and the injury'") (quoting Baber v. Fortner ex rel. Poe, 186 W.Va. 413, 417, 412 S.E.2d 814, 818 (1991)); see also Johnson v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 190 W.Va. 526, 438 S.E.2d 869 (1993) (holding that causal connection between vehicle's use and injury must first be established to invoke coverage under use of non-owned vehicle policy provision). In support of his position that the Erie automobile liability policy provides coverage under the facts of this case, Appellant cites the policy language stating, "[w]e will pay for damages for which you are legally responsible. These damages must be caused by an *441 accident covered by this policy. The accident must arise out of the ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading of an auto we insure." Appellant argues that Haba comes within the policy meaning of "use" since he had driven his vehicle to the location of the Alto's Bar, parked the vehicle in a location that forced him to cross the road, and was hit only a few seconds after he exited the vehicle. Unlike those recent decisions in which this Court has been asked to resolve issues concerning the policy term "use," the Erie policy does not contain language requiring that a person must "occupy" the vehicle for coverage to apply. See Trent, 198 W.Va. at 605, 482 S.E.2d at 222; Adkins v. Meador, 201 W.Va. at 152, 494 S.E.2d at 919 (1997). Since the term "use" is not defined by the policy, Appellant looks to cases from other jurisdictions that have found a vehicle to be in "use" where an individual has exited from a vehicle just prior to the accident's occurrence. One such case upon which Appellant places much reliance is Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. v. Davis, 118 N.C.App. 494, 455 S.E.2d 892, rev. denied, 341 N.C. 420, 461 S.E.2d 759 (1995). That case involved a six-year-old child who exited a parked van, walked into a one-lane roadway separating the vehicle from a store towards which the minor was heading for ice cream, and was struck by another vehicle. The North Carolina court found that the van was being "used" for purposes of automobile liability coverage based, in part, on the fact that the child had to cross the roadway to reach the store due to the location where the vehicle was parked. Id., 455 S.E.2d at 895; see also National Indem. Co. v. Farmers Home Mut. Ins. Co., 95 Cal.App.3d 102, 157 Cal.Rptr. 98 (1979) (holding that injuries sustained by small child after exiting parked vehicle and running into path of oncoming car arose out of "use" of parked vehicle); Faber v. Roelofs, 311 Minn. 428, 250 N.W.2d 817 (1977) (finding that elementary school child's fall under wheels of school bus arose out of "use" of vehicle). Analogizing Davis to our present case,[3] Appellant states that because Haba had to cross Route 45 to get to his destination of Alto's, this Court should follow the North Carolina decision and find that the vehicle was being "used" at the time of the accident. See 455 S.E.2d at 895. Erie and Westfield distinguish Davis and the other disembarkation cases cited by Appellant based on the heightened duty of care that applies when young children are involved. See Georgia Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Greene, 174 Ga.App. 120, 329 S.E.2d 204, 207-08 (1985) (holding that "use" of school bus continues until each child "has crossed any immediate road and is in a place of safety" in view of "duty of extraordinary care and diligence for their safety" owed to minor passengers); National Indem., 157 Cal.Rptr. at 100 ( noting that "[t]he presence of small children in an automobile imposes a particular duty of care and alertness upon the driver in selecting the place for and supervising the manner of discharging the children from the vehicle"). We agree that Appellant's reliance on cases involving young children is misplaced since the attendant elevated standard of care in those cases vitiates their precedential value with regard to our present case. Citing our recent decision in Adkins, Appellant contends that this Court supports an expansive view of the term "use." As proof for this position, he cites the acknowledgment in Adkins that "[t]he term `use' is widely recognized to mean more than driving, or being driven in, a motor vehicle." 201 W.Va. at 153, 494 S.E.2d at 920. Appellant finds further support for his position in the following observations made in Adkins regarding the term "use": *442 "Use" of a vehicle means to "put into action or service," "to carry out a purpose or action by means of," or "[to] make instrumental to an end or process." Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Davis, 118 N.C.App. 494, 497, 455 S.E.2d 892, 894 (1995); Webster's Third New International Dictionary [1976]. "`[U]se' of an automobile by an individual involves its employment for some purpose or object of the user...." State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 154 W.Va. 448, 452, 175 S.E.2d 478, 480 (1970) (quoting Maryland Cas. Co. v. Marshbank, 226 F.2d 637, 639 (3d Cir.1955)). 201 W.Va. at 154, 494 S.E.2d at 921. Appellant omits to refer, however, to our additional recognition in Adkins that "exact definition of the term `use' is elusive, and is not capable of a definition which will leave everyone `comfortable.' Whether or not an injury arose from the `use' of a motor vehicle within the contemplation of a liability policy or statute depends upon the factual context of each case." Id. (quoting Federated Mut. Implement & Hardware Ins. Co. v. Gupton, 241 F.Supp. 509, 511 (E.D.S.C.1965), aff'd, 357 F.2d 155 (4th Cir.1966)). After considering the various definitions of "use" in Adkins, we concluded that "`[u]se' of an insured vehicle implies employing the vehicle for some purpose or object of the user." 201 W.Va. at 157, 494 S.E.2d at 924. We made clear, however, that "[w]hether or not an injury arose from the `use' of a motor vehicle ... depends upon the factual context of each case." Id. and syl. pt. 5, in part. In determining whether the Haba vehicle was in "use" at the time of the accident in this case, we find helpful a four-criteria test used by the court in Rau v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 21 Wash.App. 326, 585 P.2d 157 (1978). To find "use" of a vehicle, the Rau court required each of the following factors: (1) there must be a causal relation or connection between the injury and the use of the insured vehicle; (2) the person asserting coverage must be in a reasonably close geographic proximity to the insured vehicle, although the person need not be actually touching it; (3) the person must be vehicle oriented rather than highway or sidewalk oriented at the time; and (4) the person must also be engaged in a transaction essential to the use of the vehicle at the time. Id., 585 P.2d at 162 (citations omitted). Consistent with this Court's prior holdings, the first Rau criterion requires a causal connection between the injury and the vehicle's use. Unlike the driver in Rau, Haba did not exit his vehicle for the momentary task of seeking directions. 585 P.2d at 162. Haba had used his vehicle for the purpose of reaching the destination of Alto's. Upon parking his car and exiting the vehicle, he had fulfilled the purpose for which he was utilizing his car. Thus, the requisite nexus between the vehicle and the injury is missing. The second Rau factor requires a reasonable geographic proximity between the vehicle and the situs of the accident. The evidence presented at trial was that the accident occurred between fifty to seventy-two feet of the vehicle.[4] Given Appellant's failure to meet the other three criteria of the Rau test, we make no determination regarding whether this distance is reasonable. Haba clearly fails both the third and fourth prongs of the Rau test as he was indisputably highway, rather than vehicle oriented at the time of the accident, and his actions of running diagonally across the highway with the intent to enter Alto's for the purpose of consuming additional liquor demonstrate that Haba was not engaged in a transaction essential to the vehicle's use at the time he collided with the Hulbert vehicle. See id. Applying the Rau factors to this case, we conclude that the Haba vehicle was not in "use" at the time of the accident. Another decision which supports our conclusion that the Haba vehicle was not being "used" at the time of the accident is Bernard *443 v. Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 206 Ga.App. 519, 426 S.E.2d 29 (1992). The decedent in Bernard had parked his car at his residence and exited from the vehicle when he was struck by another vehicle about fifty feet from his parked vehicle. In determining whether the decedent was "using" the vehicle for purposes of automobile liability coverage, the court observed: We have held that use of the vehicle within the contemplation of a liability policy or statute "`would seem to extend at least to the point, beyond physical contact, where control over the instrumentality is easily or reasonably at hand, and particularly when it is still being "utilized."`" This was not the situation here. The decedent had parked, exited and relinquished control of the vehicle. Id., 426 S.E.2d at 31 (citation omitted and emphasis supplied). Like the court in Bernard, we conclude that Haba "had parked, exited, and relinquished control of the vehicle." Id. When, as in this case, the "use" of a vehicle is in question for insurance purposes due to the separation of an individual from a vehicle at the time of an accident, the court must determine whether there is a causal connection between the motor vehicle and the injury. In making that determination, the court may consider, but is not limited by, the following factors: a) whether the individual was in reasonably close proximity to the insured vehicle at the time of the accident; b) whether the individual was vehicle oriented as opposed to highway or sidewalk oriented; c) whether the individual had relinquished control of the vehicle; and d) whether the individual was engaged in a transaction reasonably related to the use of the vehicle at the time of the accident. We stress that whether or not an injury arose from the "use" of a motor vehicle depends upon the factual context of each case. The four factors delineated above are instructive guides for finders of fact to follow in evaluating whether an injury arose from the "use" of a motor vehicle, and no one factor carries more weight than the others. Upon application of these principles to the instant case, we affirm the lower court's finding that the Haba vehicle was not being "used" at the time of the accident. B. Estoppel Appellant argues that Erie should be estopped from denying automobile liability coverage based on a letter dated December 5, 1991, from Andrew Rebert, an Erie claims representative, to Appellant's lawyer. Mr. Rebert wrote: We agree that the under insured [sic] motorist coverages would potentially be applicable to this loss and that those coverages would be able to be stacked. It is our position that Michael Hulbert and Andrew Haba are joint tortfeasors. Therefore, the auto carrier of Michael Hulbert and Andrew Haba would be involved in settlement along with the homeowner's carrier of Andrew Haba or his parents. Our under insured [sic] motorist coverages would be excess over these policies. Relying on the statement in this correspondence that "the auto carrier of Michael Hulbert and Andrew Haba would be involved in settlement," Appellant argues that Erie was admitting that the policy it issued to Haba for automobile liability insurance applied under the facts of this case. Given this purported statement of coverage, Appellant contends that Erie cannot subsequently deny coverage under the automobile liability policy. In explanation of the issuance of the December 5, 1991, document, Erie states that Mr. Rebert wrote this letter in connection with adjusting the underinsured motorist coverage claim made by the Cleavers on their own automobile liability policy issued by Erie. The record reflects that at the time this letter was written, Mr. Rebert had no knowledge regarding the identity of other insurance carriers and the availability of coverage. A separate Erie adjuster in a completely different office was in charge of claims made against Haba's automobile liability policy. Erie asserts that Mr. Rebert had no authority nor the necessary knowledge to bind Erie as to the Haba automobile liability policy when the December 5, 1991, letter was written. *444 Given these facts, Erie maintains that Appellant cannot demonstrate the elements of equitable estoppel, as defined by this Court in syllabus point two of Hunter v. Christian, 191 W.Va. 390, 446 S.E.2d 177 (1994): "The general rule governing the doctrine of equitable estoppel is that in order to constitute equitable estoppel or estoppel in pais there must exist a false representation or a concealment of material facts; it must have been made with knowledge, actual or constructive of the facts; the party to whom it was made must have been without knowledge or the means of knowledge of the real facts; it must have been made with the intention that it should be acted on; and the party to whom it was made must have relied on or acted on it to his prejudice." Syl. pt. 6, Stuart v. Lake Washington Realty Corp., 141 W.Va. 627, 92 S.E.2d 891 (1956). Since Mr. Rebert was unaware of Erie's issuance of Haba's automobile liability policy at the time of the December 5, 1991, letter, Erie maintains that the critical element of knowledge of material facts is missing. Not only has Appellant offered no proof to dispute Erie's position that Mr. Rebert was not apprised of the identity of the liability carrier for Haba's vehicle when the December 1991 letter was prepared, but Appellant concedes this very point in its reply brief. Yet another basis for the inapplicability of estoppel, according to Erie, is Appellant's failure to demonstrate that it relied on this December 5, 1991, letter to his prejudice. This Court elucidated in syllabus point four of Simmons v. Comer, 190 W.Va. 350, 438 S.E.2d 530 (1993): "`It is essential to the application of the principles of equitable estoppel that the one claiming the benefit thereof establish that he relied to his disadvantage or detriment, on the acts, conduct or representation of the one alleged to be estopped.' Point 2, Syllabus, Helmick v. Broll, 150 W.Va. 285, [144 S.E.2d 779] (1965)." Syllabus Point 3, Nisbet v. Watson, 162 W.Va. 522, 251 S.E.2d 774 (1979). Appellant has completely failed to identify either the critical element of detrimental reliance or the resulting prejudice that resulted from such reliance necessary to permit consideration of equitable estoppel principles. The only prejudice that Appellant has suffered resulted from the jury's decision not to assess liability against Hulbert.[5] Erie contends that it never lulled Appellant into believing that it was providing coverage under the Haba automobile liability policy. As proof of this contention, Erie cites the pretrial letter[6] of counsel for Andrew Haba's estate indicating that she was "defending the Estate of Andrew Haba under the homeowner's policy and umbrella policy." In addition, Erie suggests that Appellant's pretrial demand of 1.5 million—the limits of the homeowner's and umbrella policy limits —demonstrates that Appellant was proceeding under the assumption that coverage under the Haba automobile policy would not be available. Upon review, we do not find that Appellant has met its burden with regard to establishing the elements necessary to invoke equitable estoppel.[7]See Hunter v. Christian, 191 W. Va. at 394, 446 S.E.2d at 181 and syl. pt. *445 2. Accordingly, we find no error in the lower court's decision not to apply estoppel.[8] Based on the foregoing, we affirm the decision of the Circuit Court of Jefferson County. Affirmed. NOTES [1] The homeowner's policy provided $500,000 worth of coverage and the umbrella policy provided $1,000,000 worth of coverage. [2] This amount represents the total coverage upon the stacking of three separate policies. [3] Appellant urges this Court to rule, like the court in Davis, that both homeowner's and automobile liability insurance coverage is available. 455 S.E.2d at 896. In obvious contrast to the policy at issue in Davis, however, is the Erie homeowner's policy language that specifically excludes coverage for claims arising from the "use" of a motor vehicle. Thus, Appellant's reliance on Davis as authority for the combined applicability of both automobile liability and homeowner's coverage in the case sub judice is clearly misplaced. Moreover, as Erie observes, if automobile liability coverage applies, then Appellant has been unjustly enriched in the amount of $500,000 by his receipt of proceeds under a homeowner's policy that excludes coverage for claims arising from the "use" of a vehicle. [4] While the investigating police officer estimated the distance to be approximately 50 feet between the vehicle and the point of Haba's impact with the Hulbert vehicle, Appellant's expert witness, an accident reconstructionist, testified that the distance was actually 72 feet. [5] As a result of the no liability verdict rendered in connection with Hulbert, Appellant was prevented from collecting $100,000 in underinsurance proceeds from the Westfield policy issued on Hulbert's vehicle. Erie suggests that if it were not for the jury's decision to remove Hulbert from the liability assessment, Appellant would never have initiated the declaratory judgment action in an attempt to gain access to Haba's automobile liability proceeds. The postverdict timing of the declaratory judgment action seems to support this contention. [6] The correspondence was dated December 17, 1993. [7] We do not address Appellant's secondary estoppel argument that Erie should be prevented from denying coverage based on its failure to issue a reservation of rights under the Haba automobile liability policy as Appellant clearly failed to raise this issue before the trial court and thus, did not preserve this issue for appeal. See State ex rel. Cooper v. Caperton, 196 W.Va. 208, 216, 470 S.E.2d 162, 170 and syl. pt. 2 (1996) (stating rule with regard to preserving issues for appellate review). [8] Although the lower court did not address the issue of estoppel outright in its summary judgment ruling, upon inquiry from counsel the court advised the parties that it had considered the issue of estoppel in rendering its decision.
The 7 Most Flattering New Makeup Colors for Spring The easiest way to shrug off the winter blues? Trying one of spring's hottest makeup trends. These seven colors are bright, fun, and refreshing. And get ready: There's not a neutral shade in the bunch. PEACOCK SHADOWS A peacock's vibrant feathers are designed to be mesmerizing—and so is the effect their bold colors have on your eyes. Start by blending an iridescent purple shadow around the lashes, using a brush to lightly dust the shade all the way up to the brows. Then apply a shimmery teal green along the inner corners. If you have fair skin, "just take the colors to the creases so it's not overwhelming," says makeup artist Romy Soleimani. Finish the look with a nude lipstick; you don't need any other strong shades on your face.
// // This source file is part of appleseed. // Visit https://appleseedhq.net/ for additional information and resources. // // This software is released under the MIT license. // // Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Francois Beaune, The appleseedhq Organization // // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal // in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights // to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell // copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: // // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in // all copies or substantial portions of the Software. // // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN // THE SOFTWARE. // #pragma once // appleseed.foundation headers. #include "foundation/math/aabb.h" #include "foundation/math/frustum.h" #include "foundation/math/vector.h" // Standard headers. #include <cstddef> namespace foundation { // // 3D frustum-AABB intersection function. // // Check if a frustum and a bounding box intersect. template <typename T, size_t N> bool intersect( const Frustum<T, N>& frustum, const AABB<T, 3>& aabb); // // Implementation. // template <typename T, size_t N> bool intersect( const Frustum<T, N>& frustum, const AABB<T, 3>& aabb) { for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) { const Vector<T, 4>& plane = frustum.get_plane(i); // No intersection if all eight corners of the box are in the positive half space of this plane. size_t outside = 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.min[0] + plane[1] * aabb.min[1] + plane[2] * aabb.min[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.min[0] + plane[1] * aabb.min[1] + plane[2] * aabb.max[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.min[0] + plane[1] * aabb.max[1] + plane[2] * aabb.min[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.min[0] + plane[1] * aabb.max[1] + plane[2] * aabb.max[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.max[0] + plane[1] * aabb.min[1] + plane[2] * aabb.min[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.max[0] + plane[1] * aabb.min[1] + plane[2] * aabb.max[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.max[0] + plane[1] * aabb.max[1] + plane[2] * aabb.min[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; outside += plane[0] * aabb.max[0] + plane[1] * aabb.max[1] + plane[2] * aabb.max[2] + plane[3] > T(0.0) ? 1 : 0; if (outside == 8) return false; } // todo: if the frustum had vertices and if we somehow had them, we could now check, for any // of the six planes of the bounding box, if all vertices of the frustum are on the outside. // See http://www.iquilezles.org/www/articles/frustumcorrect/frustumcorrect.htm for details. return true; } } // namespace foundation
Month September 2014 The government of Nawaz Sharif as usual increases taxes and duties on essential items and the effect of feudalism is such that the elite don’t pay a single rupee in tax. the salaried class gets the beating, and they are the middle class. what happens ? their standards are downgraded, forced into immoral lifestyles as the poor are too illiterate to understand the difference between Good & Bad, beautiful & ugly and Moral & Immoral. But what has this got to do with love ? Simple, when your economy dashes down the aspirations of young middle class individuals, they are disheartened and they can’t find sincerity anywhere as everyone becomes hungry for money, no sincerity in anything NOT EVEN IN RELATIONSHIPS !!!! Parents marry off their girls to rich ass fuck heads who don’t even have brains and then continuously batter those innocent souls. who is to blame for all this ? Field Marshal (So Called) Retired Mohammad Ayub Khan, the biggest asshole Pakistan has ever seen ! He ruined the education standards, forcing lower and middle classes to study substandard curriculum at cheap rates while the elite had the best education. the elite kids never studied, they only partied and fornicated and behaved like rowdy cowboys (sorry to say but it is true). Feudal lords were admitted in the Parliament of Pakistan as per Amendments of Ayub Khan when he ruled Pakistan. such destroyed the middle class as their hard earned money went to waste, their kids skills hitting rock bottom and girls deliberately forced into thinking that Their Prince Charming will come on a horse and take them away when in fact this doesn’t happen. A Boy cannot love a Girl unless he has money and a girl cannot earn because our society doesn’t appreciate a well educated girl. However, times have changed but this feudal thinking still exists as it still mangles many households. Pervez Musharraf was the only leader to make a positive change, empowered the middle class by putting the whole job market on an open merit basis, improving education curricula, made a strong economy, gave aspiration chances to everyone, every product and service in the market had variety 🙂 except the housing market which appreciated and forced those without property to grab a risky lease from House Building and Finance Corporation (H.B.F.C). still, some segments of the society were alienated but were humanized real soon. from 1999 til 2007, Pakistani society enjoyed robust middle class success and had no fear of the elite 🙂 But then came 2008 when Zardari became President. the housing market did die but so did the economy, factories closed as workers were held hostage by thieves, companies winding up as Zardari extorted them, many industrialists fled as their families were endangered, Ashfaq Pervez Kayani purchased and worse of all, Taliban empowered and made to carry out operation against Urdu speaking residents of Karachi 😦 :'(. Seeking jobs in the middle east became hard, as 7 out fo 10 Pakistanis were either Talibanized or were crooks, the Pakistani passport’s value equivalent to nothing but a crock of shit (sadly this is till today as Filipino passports are more respected than their Pakistani counterparts), Afghan crooks obtaining fake Pakistani CNIC’s (Computerized National Identity Card) and Passports and then committing crimes abroad. Pakistan earned a bad name. Forced marriages, long a tradition of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa rose up sharply. many innocent girls were forcibly married to foreign Pakistanis who were either dopes or playboys and apart from that innocent British Pakistani girls of Pukhtun, Punjabi, Baloch, Sindhi, Kashmiri and Mirpuri descent were forcibly married to illiterate Pakistani boys and then kept in confinements in the United Kingdom or in Pakistan, reason being the feudal thinking. Non Urdu speaking Pakistanis in England are literally illiterate, to an extent that a man those households even if married can go and screw a white chick but if a girl went out and asked some Englishman the time then she is killed in the name of Honor in front of young children so that the kids will confirm to the ruthless, brutal and shitty feudal Pakistani culture. The British Police has arrested and ass kicked many of them but they never learn. Thankfully, they have arrested that bearded racist Punjabi British bastard Anjem Chowdhry formerly known as Andy (Playboy Prick) in a bid to curb extremism and feudal culture. This feudal culture forced many parents to sell their girls aged as young as 8 into marriages with pedophiles, and many of these girls have died. despite arrests and international exposure leading to outrage, little or no action has been taken against the perpetrating bastards. and even if taken, the Taliban would come to their rescue. Thankfully General Raheel Sharif is reversing this trend but is Nawaz Sharif doing so ? Nawaz Sharif himself is the promoter of Feudal culture and his supporters are nothing but a bunch of brainless money gobbling wh*res !!!! Another issue is that many girls are forced into marrying older boys and men, why ? so they can forcefully respect them. why should a girl be forced to respect someone, WHY ? Islam prohibits Child Marriage and Forced Marriage and has given more rights to women than other religions. Pakistani people have demented and degenerated themselves into morons !!, idiots who only think about money and nothing else. Thankfully, Karachi is a city where the society still has good brains unlike the rest of the country which has degenerated. The current market and economy trends are painful, inflation is sky high so hence no one is able to buy food, accessories or anything and if so, then their earnings are illegal. The feudal system and painful economy has forced many to buy love, instead of honestly expressing it and they can’t as the Pakistani economy is faltering, society’s degenerating and For some Parents (May God open their eyes), they need eye openers. Women and Girls are treated sarcastically, and many are forced to think that only money can guarantee a safe future. WRONG !, education can. Educate your girls and women, place them in internships at the rght time so they can forge and mould great careers for themselves, make them independent as they too have a right to make choices and live the equivalent of men. when most of the Muslim world can, why can’t Pakistan do it ? Lets face it, this is real and alarming. if uncontrolled, it will draw racial boundaries in our society ! A guy named Shaheryar Naqvi, resident of Nazimabad gets a threat on a piece of paper with a bullet and his name written on it, what does it mean ? a death threat. why ? because of his sect. it is unlawful to give a death threat to a person of different sect as per Islam’s rules but sadly, we live in a madhouse republic termed an Islamic Republic :(. A few days earlier, Professor Doctor Shakeel Auj, Dean of Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Karachi is gunned down near Bait ul Mukarram Mosque, his niece was accompanying him and is in intensive care. he was heading to a cultural event at the Islamic Republic of Iran cultural center in Clifton. Sectarianism is on the rise in Karachi. it has recently hit many Shia lives and has always taken place during the time of Nawaz Sharif. the irony of Nawaz Sharif’s government is that it always targets Urdu speaking Shias as Nawaz Sharif himself is the creator and supporter of all these stupid Mullahs and Jihadi outfits. these outfits are not religious but rather criminal, having targeted renown industrialists, scholars and individuals as well as their families as these outfits oppose progress. these outfits are responsible for downfall of Islam in Pakistan’s society. Many Sunni families, especially educated ones have lived alongside Shia families in Karachi for many years. many have intermarried and are living harmoniously since then. but the fundamentalist Mullahs and Jihadists would never like progress and harmony as such is transparent and would expose the criminality these Mullahs have in themselves. I really feel sorry for the lives of our Shia brothers and sisters in danger, they too have the right to live, eat, drink, work and be happy just like us !!!!!! I am a Sunni myself, & I have no hatred for any other sect. as far as Shias are concerned, they are like our own. they may be different but they have never caused me any harm. Shias and Sunnis can and must live together and must be allowed to live together. When Shias and Sunnis can co exist peacefully in Lebanon, United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, United Arab Emirates, India, Australia & New Zealand then why is their co existence such a threat to these fundamentalist retards here in Pakistan ? :@ Dr. Shakeel Auj was against both militancy and sectarianism. he was an educationist, a scholar, a writer, a peaceful individual and most importantly a good law abiding obedient citizen of humanity. his murder is a blow to the harmony of the Pakistani society and to the Islamic Republic tag. Fatwas were lodged against him for no reason, neither the madressah’s name nor the name of the mullahs have been disclosed :(. plus, he was a respectful person who would always love to help in terms of religious advice. he never made any difference on sect, rather he believed all Muslims as One. he never cared about any sect, he treated all alike with equality and justice. his killing is unjustified. I Pray to Allah Taalaa that these killings stop at once and that harmony is restored withing our society. it is important that harmony stays within us so we can progress, otherwise we will be no less than barbarians !! This week, a group of hackers released a list of about 5 million Gmail addresses and passwords. This list was not generated as a result of an exploit of WordPress.com, but since a number of emails on the list matched email addresses associated with WordPress.com accounts, we took steps to protect our users. We downloaded the list, compared it to our user database, and proactively reset over 100,000 accounts for which the password given in the list matched the WordPress.com password. We also sent email notification of the password reset containing instructions for regaining access to the account. Users who received the email were instructed to follow these steps: Go to WordPress.com. Click the “Login” button on the homepage. Click on the link “Lost your password?” Enter your WordPress.com username. Click the “Get New Password” button. In general, it’s very important that passwords be unique for each account. Using the same… God created Man for Woman and Woman for Man. both genders have their strengths and weaknesses but treating one gender badly won’t make the other gender look superior. when opposite genders mate together, an offspring is born. if both genders fight, dis-balance is created. Today’s world may seem all flashy and one night stand (Wham bam, Thank You ma’am type) but as far as any world is concerned, both genders are important. I was once asked the question “Is a mother most important or a father ?” to which I replied “Both”. Yes, Both ! f a Mother and a Father keep on quarreling and fighting with each other, its the loss of both parents and children. Yes it is, Children grow up to be messed up, insensitive but innocent souls low in self confidence but high in confidence and resourceful but then again no respect for authority. They are later shunned by society and their trust harmed and undermined resulting in suicides. It is easy to create a killer but hard to create a soldier. Parents must stop fighting with each other so children can have a safe and sound future and for that to happen both today’s males and females need to give up their short term romance shit and think long term, get serious and sincere. Stop treating the opposite gender as some freaking toy and at least start treating them with respect. Boys should stop harassing girls and girls should also be careful in the boys matter. Boys & Girls both are God’s innocent creatures, the reason Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) instructed to the people of Arabia on God’s instruction to stop burying baby girls alive. The Indian-Pakistani tradition of Arranged Marriages and the myth ‘ Ghoray pe Sawaar Shahzada Aayeygaa ” are partially deplorable :@. Correct me if I’m wrong, Ok, some arranged marriages are nice and safe but in today’s world its not. plus, Evils of arranged marriage outweigh its benefits and putting girls for marriage early won’t make them obedient as they will regret and resent what has been done to them. Most husbands in arranged marriages treat their wives poorly while some husbands get screwed by evil manipulative wives. Plus, many unsuspecting innocent girls are continuously pestered by an evil Mother in Law or her family for no reason. our traditional ignorance is something that has eaten our society alive from the inside :(. Its not like all arranged marriages are bad, most have been marvelous. but this interference thing which is shown on Star Plus and copied by Pakistani Dramas has further fueled insensitivity and is harming the lives of a lot of males and females. divisions created inside homes result in broken homes and they are rising at a fast rate. Already the Pakistani society is being divided by racial hatred and sectarianism, the educated middle class is already leaving at an alarming rate with educated middle class girls facing a fight for their lives. Many Non Urdu speaking families have been reportedly treating Urdu speaking families in a bad way ( though the educated ones are more cosmopolitan and are doing well ). Its not just marriages either. The boyfriend-girlfriend thingie has also been hard hit. Jealousy, backbiting, double affairs, opening up quick and then leaving resulting in broken hearts, falsehood, lying, cheating these too are ruining our youth. instead of focusing on their life’s goal and achievement, they are smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco, backbiting against different people, boys dating one girl for just a few weeks then dating another after dumping one (some girls doing the same too), I mean like is this a society or some God Damned Brothel ? Schools, Colleges, Universities, what are they like Brothels ? what in the bloody fuck is happening to our God damn kids ? :S. Its deplorable, and social networks are not evil but rather being used in an evil way. Its not just the ‘New generation’ either, the old ones too are accountable. Parents must spend on their kids lavishly but must also teach them good teachings. Apart from Quran and Sunnah, many of our elders have written great tales in Urdu just for the sake of our children alone and none else. Western societies are taking full use of it and are improving, and we ? we blame the west when in fact we are devouring our own selves from the inside :(. Time is almost up, My request to everyone is to be honest, sincere, serious and innovative. don’t get carried away by bullshit, focus on your life’s goal(s) and make yourselves stand out, make yourself unique and a model citizen of good moral values to the society. we need to stand up against this star plus type shit ruining our society and our people and save it from further destruction. Since the ouster of General Iskander Mirza, Mohammad Ayub Khan a self proclaimed Field Marshal proved to be the biggest blunder in Pakistan’s history. Feudalism, Racial hatred, Sectarianism were all fueled by Ayub Khan despite his good international relations. his hatred for Urdu speaking populace known as Muhajirs was the worst of its kind. Two operations in 1966 and 1968 prompted many to head back to India in 1972. Secondly, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s communism was the best kind of economic terrorism that saw Agha Hassan Abedi head for Luxembourg to creat Bank of Credit and Commerce International (B.C.C.I). Zia ul Haq’s Islamization further downgrading women’s rights (to the extent that marriage of free will was considered taboo in many areas of Pakistan). Nawaz Sharif and Benzair Bhutto further hurting the city of Karachi in 1992 and 1995, part of my childhood seeing crime. Only in 1999 came Pervez Musharraf, a Messiah incarnation saving the country from loans and bringing it on par with emerging nations. Men, Women, Elders, Teenagers & Children all had rights. Improvements in educational standards, economy posting growth and peak, added variety in all product lines, that was the improved life. However, he unfortunately could not create a welfare system and the National Reconciliation Order (N.R.O) rang the bell on our dear leader’s throne which he resigned from in 2008. Since then, Asif Ali Zardari & Nawaz Sharif have been creating hell. Zardari spent five years from 2008-2013, ransacked billions, bribed thousands (including General (retired) Ashfaq Pervez Kayani), Osama bin Laden incident, thousands of innocent Urdu speaking people butchered on a daily basis :'(. Zardari is the reminiscent of the typical sweet talking racist thug whilst Nawaz Sharif is another illiterate goon with a lust for blood and money. It is high time that someone took a stand. Dr. Tahir ul Qadri has done a great job by taking side with the lower middle and middle class sections of the society to improve Pakistan’s conditions. he is indeed right that Pakistan’s foundations lied in the 1857 War of Independence, and he has decided to bring back Pervez Musharraf into power. He has taken the nation by strides and is quite well versed in Islam. Plus, his support for the common man is appreciated and had caught Nawaz Sharif and Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry planning conspiracies against our nation at the Khaana e Kaaba. Imran Khan however should have never been against the MQM and Muhajirs but he has made wonders in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, ironically his party is supported by the affluent sections of our society and has taken brawls against Pervez Musharraf on baseless racist reasons. However, he has gotten over that these days but despite my pro MQM stance I want them both to overthrow Nawaz Sharif and his goons off the throne. Why hasn’t Altaf Hussain taken his side ? why is Altaf Hussain not siding with Tahir ul Qadri ? what could be the reason ? Simple, the Muhajir people (Urdu Speaking populace of Karachi) has taken multiple batterings at the hands of racist rulers from 1958-1998 and then again from 2008 onwards. these batterings have discriminated them to an extent that Governments of Bhutto, Zia ul haq, Ayub Khan, Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif tried not only persecuting them, but genocide, barring educational access, banishing them from labour market as well as wiping them out in murders, those racist leaders carried out above acts of persecution against the Muhajir community of Karachi and had falsely blamed Altaf Hussain for such. The people of Punjab are sadly very racist and are not moved by the appalling injustices the Urdu speaking community has faced. Police of Karachi consist of goons conscripted from Punjabi and Pakhtoon villages with the aim of persecuting the Urdu speaking populace. Ayub Khan had that dream, a dream only partially realized. Hatred for Altaf Hussain is not justified at all !! the current government has been unable to attract investment plus half of the Jamaatis and Mullahs are nothing but a bunch of sadistic criminals. Sectarianism has always been Nawaz Sharif’s product with that fat ass uneducated Kashmiri prick becoming uglier than ever. Altaf Hussain’s party at least helped unify some sections of Urdu speaking Sunnis and Shias especially the educated ones to make sure things for them go well. at this time, we need to realize that it is MQM who is making the Quaid’s city run smoothly for now. Will Altaf Hussain bhai take Tahir ul Qadri’s side at the last moment or not ? lets find out ! I am Sameer Wasi from Karachi, Pakistan. Done with my MBA, a former personal banker now an aspiring marketing and corporate communications specialist. This blog will discuss current Pakistani and World affairs, Social Issues and many random stuff. this will be informative and fun filled so I am hoping for positive feedback which will be most appreciated.
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Shopkeepers described to the Mail how teenagers deposit wads of £50 notes Up to four in five of those using the ATMs are suspected drug dealers, one said Criminals can launder money – and bypass bank checks – by putting high-denomination notes into the machines to convert them into Bitcoin The extent to which Britain’s fast-growing network of Bitcoin cash machines is being exploited by drug gangs can be revealed today. Shopkeepers have described to the Mail how teenagers ‘reeking of drugs’ deposit wads of £50 notes into their digital currency terminals. ADVERTISEMENT Up to four in five of those using the new ATMs are suspected drug dealers, one said. Criminals can launder money – and bypass bank checks – by putting high-denomination notes into the machines to convert them into Bitcoin. It can then be transferred across borders and withdrawn in any currency, and is hard to trace. A day after Scotland Yard called for a crackdown, warning that criminal gangs are using the machines to launder their dirty cash, a Mail investigation found: One shop that agreed to close to allow a customer to pay in £14,000; A gaming bar where staff say up to 60 per cent of ATM users are drug dealers; Shopkeepers boasting the machines are easy money – they get a fee of up to £1,200 a month, or commission on each deposit. A fast-growing web of Bitcoin ATMs, owned by a range of operators, has sprung up across the UK from Penzance to Glasgow. There are now 98, with locations including a cannabis shop in Croydon, a vaping store in Tunbridge Wells, a fish and chip shop in Brighton and a food store in Derby. The machines, connected to a Bitcoin exchange, are also used by speculators investing in the cryptocurrency, which has increased in value more than tenfold in a year. Mahalingam Krishna, who owns G7 newsagents in West Norwood, South London said: ‘It’s easy money for us. We get £200 a month just to have it sitting in the shop. 'We have had one since May and we get all sorts. Boys wearing hoodies, kids aged 17 or 18. They reek of drugs. 'I don’t know if they are criminals, they don’t like me to see what they are doing.’ Click here to resize this module Staff at Loading Bar in Dalston, East London, estimate that at least 60 per cent who use its Bitcoin ATM, installed six months ago, are drug dealers. ‘At first it was about 80 per cent,’ said a male employee who did not want to be named. The guys who are druggies will bring in massive amounts, a wad of £50 notes.’ At a corner shop in Derby, ATM customers yesterday included a man who had travelled from Nottingham and another, in his 20s, who bought three Bitcoin last year for around £350 – they are now worth more than £24,000. Mahalingam Krishna, who owns G7 newsagents in West Norwood, South London said: ‘It’s easy money for us. We get £200 a month just to have it sitting in the shop' Staff said the users were ‘mainly geeks’ and there are precautions to stop money laundering. Anyone wanting to buy Bitcoin worth more than £250 in a single transaction has to register using their fingerprints and two forms of ID. ADVERTISEMENT Detectives from Scotland Yard’s elite Organised Crime Command say Bitcoin is one of the biggest emerging obstacles to tackling major gangs. Julian Dixon, CEO of Fortytwo Data, specialists in combating money laundering, said: ‘The UK is several steps behind the criminals and playing catch-up. Scare stories about the use of Bitcoin on the Dark Web have been common since its inception. Why has is taken so long for the authorities to decide to act?’ Bitcoin emerged in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. It is unregulated, hard to trace and exists only in cyberspace in the form of a numerical code. It can be exchanged anonymously with anyone in the world at the click of a mouse. The Bitcoin craze means its value has soared from around £750 at the start of the year to more than £8,200, making the currency worth £140billion – almost as much as the Coca-Cola company. But as it is not tied to any assets in the real world and the value is driven purely by demand, experts fear the Bitcoin bubble will burst. 'It's not unusual for them to put in £10,000' Cannabis shop manager Tom Barber is happy to close his doors when customers ask for privacy to deposit huge bundles of cash into his Bitcoin ATM. His Skunk House store on Croydon High Street sells a range of drug paraphernalia – but the most popular purchase is Bitcoin. ‘It’s been great for business,’ he said. ‘We get ten to 20 people using the ATM a day. ‘It’s not unusual for people to put in £10,000 in a day. We have had everyone from businessmen trying to hide from the taxman, to college students, to immigrants sending money home. ‘I’ve had to close the shop for half an hour and get the machine emptied and filled again so that one guy could deposit £14,000 in one go. Booming trade: The Vapour Trail in Tunbridge Wells has one of the ATMs Skunk House cannabis shop in Croydon is another location with a Bitcoin ATM ‘There is a £500 limit per transaction on the machine, but the number of transactions you can do a day is limitless. ‘You don’t get to hear what the money is for, but it would not surprise me if drug dealers were using it. ‘There was one drug dealer I heard that was about to get caught so he put everything he had into Bitcoin. When he came out of prison, the value had gone up so much he bought a house.’ ADVERTISEMENT He said he believed Bitcoin was used to make purchases on the Dark Web – the secret part of the internet frequented by, among others, pornographers, criminals and terrorists. Daniel Jenkinson, who owns The Vapour Trail in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, has seen more than £100,000 deposited at his vape store’s Bitcoin ATM in the past three months. He said 90 per cent of users are either business people or curious investors. His machine is provided by Alpha Vend, which pays him 30 per cent of the commission it makes on every deposit. Mr Jenkinson, 28, insisted he had seen no evidence of criminals using his ATMs to launder money.
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Related Articles In less than two weeks Australia arrive in Cardiff for the last match of the Autumn Internationals, but some of them have been very naughty boys on tour, they will be keen to check out the Cardiff pubs! Six players have been suspended for consuming “inappropriate levels of alcohol”, according to coach Ewen McKenzie. While five of the players will be back for the Millennium Stadium match, prop Paddy Ryan will serve his ban against Wales because the Wallabies are required to have four props on the bench. After the demolition of the Pumas this weekend, confidence is high in the Wales camp, so we are going to assume the Wallabies will get a thrashing at the Millennium Stadium. Dejected, we also assume they’ll want to drown their sorrows in one or all of these Cardiff pubs – although they’ll probably have been on the sauce before the game anyway. To help in either event, we’ves put together a quick tour of Cardiff pubs guide. There are many great Cardiff pubs in the capital, but the 11 pubs we are sending them to will take them briefly out of the city centre as they will probably be hoping to escape celebrating Wales fans – not there is much chance of that happening anywhere in Cardiff, or indeed Wales. The losing Aussie boys could start their Cardiff pubs tour a rugby ball throw away from the Millennium Stadium is Wetherspoon’s The Gatekeeper pub on Westgate Street. They will be keen to drown their sorrows as soon as possible. Then they will have worked up an appetite after George North and the boys have run rings around, so they could head to The Conway in Pontcanna, who has been in the Michelin Eating Out in Pubs Guide for four year running. a gastronaught of Cardiff pubs. They enjoyed the Guinness in Dublin they might like the wares of Evan Evans and they could sample some at The Cricketers on Cathedral Road one of the Cardiff pubs close to the cricketing haven that is Sophia Gardens. There is little chance of escaping Welsh fans in the Y Mochyn Du, but on the plus side with many speaking Welsh the Aussies won’t know they are being laughed at. This route would take them back near the Stadium so they may want to nip into Callaghans, an Irish example of Cardiff pubs, if there is such a thing? They have tried Evan Evans now they can try Brains at the Rummer Tavern, a pub with a history spanning back over three centuries. One of the oldest of Cardiff pubs. Named after the Mascot of the Royal 41st regiment of Wales The Goat Major the team could enjoy a tasty pie. The Yard Bar and Kitchen is no stranger to rugby players on a drinking session. Gavin Henson damaged the toilets on a night out at the venue. Further along St Mary’s Street is O’Neills, although maybe Irish bars shouldn’t be on this itinerary, but that is unlikely to stop them. And sticking with Irish bars they could cross the road to Kitty Flynns another example of Cardiff pubs with an Irish theme. Finally they could finish in perhaps the only place they might find any consolation, the Australian bar The Walkabout. News on this Day Lost Cats – Lost and found in S Wales If your cat is missing check our LOST CATS page This area draws the Facebook pages of lost Cats in Cardiff and S Wales together for easy viewing . It also includes GOOD NEWS stories of found cats like Ollie below !
October 2013 04.10.2013 AIESEC Latvia is recruiting new members (0) The world’s largest student and youth organization AIESEC announces recruitment of new members. Every student and recent graduates are welcome to become a member. AIESEC gives opportunity to develop skills in talent management, financial management, communication and public relations, law, foreign relations, international and national project management. More
I used to work with old guys, now, I am one. Pages Black & White and Monochrome Well, the day Bernie feared finally came. Not only was it embarrassing, but, really, did the event have to happen on a day the temperature was below freezing? Lucille asked Bernie if he was happy to see her or was he taking those blue pills again?
Work-related musculoskeletal injury and suicide: opportunities for intervention and therapeutic jurisprudence. This article presents evidence for the existence of a common trajectory from work-related musculoskeletal injury to suicide. Specifically, it is argued that the pathway from injury to suicide is typically mediated by three critical events: unsuccessful return to work; the development of chronic pain or disability; and suicidal ideation in the context of chronic pain. The moderating influence of systemic factors is also examined, along with opportunities for intervention at the individual and systemic levels, the latter arising from a therapeutic jurisprudence perspective.
Q: Why opensource database like Postgresql and Mysql don't have encrypted stored proc? Why opensource database like Postgresql and Mysql don't have encrypted stored proc? Is it because of their innate open source philosophy? What are the compelling reasons to encrypt the stored procs? A: While I'm sure encrypted stored procs are a simple matter of programming in PostgreSQL at least (MySQL and stored procs do not have a long history together), with PgSQL's custom languages support, I don't see why this would be useful. They would need to be decrypted at some point to execute them so anyone who administers the database/database server would be able to, with sufficient skill, be able to get the unencrypted sp. The DBA can already see all the data, all the relationships, seemingly making obfuscating the SP code pointless. A: if this is a really cool feature (I have never used it, nor needed it), I suggest you register a new feature request in the repected mailing lists. Postgresql: http://www.postgresql.org/community/lists/ MySQL: http://lists.mysql.com/ A: Properly because nobody has had a need for it.
As they do every year, the Jews have produced bogus statistics (link) designed to create the impression that pogroms are about to break out all over Britain. And the Lügenpresse have indulgently lapped it all up. A record number of hate crimes against the Jewish community were reported last year, new figures show. The Community Security Trust, a charity which monitors anti-Semitism, said that there were 1,309 incidents across the UK during 2016. This was a 36% increase on the previous year and is more than the previous record of 1,182 set in 2014. This is Fake News because the vast majority of the incidents described are not crimes. They are merely "incidents" reported to the CST, mainly via a telephone hotline or email. Antisemitic incidents are reported to CST in a number of ways, most commonly by telephone, email, via the CST website, via CST’s social media platforms, by post or in person to CST staff and volunteers. What verification is done on these reports? It's not clear if there is any verification at all of whether an incident took place. It's not even clear whether the identity of the person reporting the incident is verified. What is to stop random people phoning up or sending an email saying "Hello, my name is Shlomo Shilperstein, a bad goy just pushed me in the street and said 'Jews to the gas'". Nothing, it seems. Only around one third of these incidents were even reported by CST to the police. The number of antisemitic incidents reported to CST by the Police comprised 34 per cent of the overall incidents recorded by CST in 2016, compared to 32 per cent in 2015 and 30 per cent in 2014. Following the report, the police would then have to investigate, establish that something had indeed happened, find the "perpetrators", prosecute them and obtain a conviction before a determination could be made that a crime had taken place. What percentage of these incidents resulted in criminal convictions? We aren't told. What we are told is that only a small percentage of incidents involved any physical contact, none of it serious. There were 107 violent antisemitic assaults reported to CST in 2016, an increase of 29 per cent from the 87 violent incidents recorded in 2015 and the highest number since 2010, when CST recorded 115 violent antisemitic assaults. None of the violent incidents recorded in 2016 were classified as Extreme Violence, which would mean incidents that involved grievous bodily harm (GBH) or a threat to life. Here are some of the "violent" incidents that did occur. • Manchester, October: A visibly Jewish man got into a dispute with a woman and a man who had dented his car in a car park. The man put his hands around the victim and made an antisemitic comment. The vast majority of supposed "hate incidents" simply involved goy saying things that Jews did not want to hear. Here is a small selection of these incidents in which Jews were verbally pogrommed. • Glasgow, May: A pub quiz was held at a University campus. One of the pub team names was “Scooby Jew and the Gas Chamber.” • London, June: A Jewish organisation’s Twitter account received a tweet saying, “History shows that most Jews are incapable of telling the truth about anything. Most of the propaganda Jews are peddling is easily disprovable lies. #BDS.” • Leeds, August: A Jewish care home received 3 calls from a male who said, “I am Hitler. I want to speak with a Jew?” There was another male in the background who said, “We are coming to burn you down.” Perhaps we need an International Verbal Pogrom Day to commemorate these tragedies. The report also, implicitly rather than explicitly, records a significant rise in fake hate crimes reported by Jews. If an incident is reported to CST but shows no evidence of antisemitic motivation, language or targeting, then it will not be recorded as antisemitic and will not be included in CST’s annual antisemitic incident total. In 2016, CST received 791 reports of potential incidents that were rejected for this reason, and are not included in the total number of antisemitic incidents. These represent 38 per cent of the potential incidents reported to CST during 2016 and mostly involved criminal damage to, or theft from, Jewish property; criminal assaults on, or theft from, Jewish people; suspicious activity or potential information-gathering around Jewish locations; or anti-Israel activity which did not involve the use of antisemitic language or imagery and was directed at pro-Israel campaigners, rather than being directed at Jewish people, buildings or organisations chosen solely because they were Jewish. This is a 15 per cent increase from the 686 potential incidents that were reported to CST in 2015, but not included in the antisemitic incident statistics for that year. In other words almost half of the reports of antisemitic incidents received were judged not to be antisemitic at all by this Jewish ethno-activist organisation. And this was a 15% rise from the previous year. Somehow this 15% rise in fake hate crime reports fails to make the news media, however. What was the motivation for (presumably) Jews reporting as hate crimes what were, in fact, nothing more than the ordinary adversities of life? We can only speculate. The report also makes it clear that the rise in reported "incidents" is, in part, driven by the spread of information-sharing agreements with police forces, who now supply a private organisation with information about reported crimes. Increased provision of security guards at Jewish buildings, financed by the British taxpayer, also, in part, accounts for the rise in reporting, since many of the reports are made by these guards. Thus, the scam becomes self-perpetuating. Create bogus reports of "hate crimes", stir up a public fuss about it to carve out even more Jewish Privilege, get more money from the government as a result, use that money to hire more guards for your buildings who then report even more "hate" incidents. Repeat ad nauseam. The perfect scam. The Chairman of the Community Security Trust is Gerald Ronson, a man criminally convicted of fraud. You would think news organisations would exercise a minimum level of caution when receiving reports from a man with such a background. But apparently they do not. 1 comments: What was the motivation for (presumably) Jews reporting as hate crimes what were, in fact, nothing more than the ordinary adversities of life? Lawrence Auster, the Jewish convert to Christianity, explains that Jews believe that ‘any social prejudice or exclusion directed against Jews leads potentially to Auschwitz’. He says: ‘any desire on the part of gentiles to maintain an all-gentile country club, or any statement by a Christian, no matter how mild and civilized, that shows any concern about any aspects of the cultural and political influence of secular Jews in American life, is an expression of anti-Jewish bigotry that could easily lead to mass extermination, and therefore it must be ruthlessly suppressed.’
Abstract Rail suicides account for approximately 5.8% of suicides in Victoria and the rate per head of population (0.63 per 100 000) is higher than Australia overall (0.39). Victoria's rail network is largely unfenced and above ground. Aim To describe post year 2000 patterns of rail suicide in Victoria. Method (1) Transport, medical and psychological library databases were searched for “rail and/or train suicide” and located articles and reports reviewed. (2) Rail industry, Victorian Department of Transport, National Coroners Information System (NCIS), hospital admission and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) databases were interrogated for completed and attempted rail suicides. Variables extracted and analysed included: age, sex, location, time of incident and any previous suicide attempts, mental illness or mental health facility association. Walking distance between residence and suicide location was estimated using Google map and presence of fencing determined using Google map and Streetview. Hotspot areas were determined using a Suicide Priority Scoring System (SPS). Results Descriptive statistics will be presented on completed and attempted rail suicides by age, sex, location, difference between residence and suicide location, fencing, temporal and mental health factors. Reported results will also include hot spot areas identified and recommendations for prevention. Conclusion The findings of this study support previous research that young males with mental illness, including schizophrenia, are common among rail suicides. Short, medium and long-term recommendations, including additional fencing, were made. There is a need for countermeasures to prevent suicides that occur on the open line and are not concentrated at specific locations. Statistics from Altmetric.com Request permissions If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
Introduction {#s1} ============ In grassland plant communities, the ability of individual plants to regrow after defoliation is of crucial importance because it allows the restoration of active photosynthesis and plant growth. Ryegrass (*Lolium perenne* L.) is one of the predominant species in temperate grasslands because of its rapid establishment, tolerance to defoliation, high digestibility, and high herbage production. Four factors have been identified as the main components affecting regrowth. These are the leaf area remaining after defoliation through its remaining photosynthetic capacity ([@CIT0050]; [@CIT0030]); stored carbohydrates ([@CIT0066]; [@CIT0014]; [@CIT0041]); stored nitrogen (N) ([@CIT0048]; [@CIT0068]; [@CIT0058]); and the number, status, and position of leaf meristems ([@CIT0009]; [@CIT0016]; [@CIT0017]). The relative importance of these factors varies with plant species and environmental conditions, which partly depend on grassland management. In the vegetative stage, the most important parameters are height (i.e. intensity) and frequency of defoliation ([@CIT0051]; [@CIT0063]; [@CIT0065]), together with N fertilization ([@CIT0067]; [@CIT0035], [@CIT0036]). When defoliation is severe and involves the removal of all leaf blades, photosynthesis decreases drastically or even ceases ([@CIT0011]; [@CIT0050]; [@CIT0055]). Carbon (C) supply to leaf meristems then transiently depends on C reserves. In *L. perenne*, ^13^C labelling of pre-defoliation or post-defoliation C indicates that before the third day of regrowth leaf growth is mostly dependent on C reserves, and thereafter it mainly relies on current photoassimilates ([@CIT0012]; [@CIT0042]). In most cool-season grasses, fructans (fructose polymers derived from sucrose) represent the main storage carbohydrates. They play an important role in buffering imbalances between photosynthetic C supply and C demand for growth, regrowth, and development ([@CIT0066]; [@CIT0020]; [@CIT0043]; [@CIT0002]). The leaf tissues remaining below the defoliation height, referred to as stubbles, are a heterogeneous compartment that includes fully expanded leaf sheaths and the basal parts of growing leaves. Leaf sheaths are generally considered to be the major C storage site in C3 grasses because they can accumulate up to 70% of the fructans stored in the vegetative parts. Elongating leaf bases also act as strong sinks for imported C assimilates, which are used not only to fuel the meristem for growth and respiration but also to synthesize substantial amounts of fructans ([@CIT0001]). Besides their storage role, fructans are subjected to continuous turnover ([@CIT0053]), which may allow a fast net mobilization when needed. Remobilization of C occurs through fructan hydrolysis ([@CIT0054]), sucrose synthesis from fructan-derived fructose, and increased sucrose transport activity ([@CIT0004]). Recovery following defoliation is also related to the availability of N reserves previously accumulated within the remaining tissues, including leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases ([@CIT0018]). Indeed, N uptake and assimilation decline rapidly after defoliation ([@CIT0010]; [@CIT0021]; [@CIT0048]; [@CIT0063]), together with a reduction or cessation in root growth and root respiration ([@CIT0011]; [@CIT0057]; [@CIT0049]). Remobilization of N from roots and stubble proteins occurs through proteolysis and the release of amino acids for incorporation into new growing tissues ([@CIT0048]; [@CIT0025]; [@CIT0058]). Several studies on different plant species have demonstrated that carbohydrates and amino acids are involved in the regulation of nitrate uptake and in the coordination of nitrate uptake with light and photosynthesis ([@CIT0044]; [@CIT0013]; [@CIT0060]; [@CIT0036]). Treatments that increase the intracellular concentration of amino acids in roots down-regulate the net uptake of N ([@CIT0024]; [@CIT0044]; [@CIT0060]; [@CIT0036]). Nitrate uptake is also under diurnal regulation, with net uptake being lower in darkness than in daylight ([@CIT0061]; [@CIT0029]). The external application of sucrose, glucose, and fructose via the nutrient solution at the beginning of the dark period prevents the decline of nitrate uptake and of corresponding expression of transporters in *Arabidopsis thaliana* ([@CIT0028], [@CIT0029]). An external supply of sucrose in the nutrient solution of *L. perenne* at the time of defoliation also counteracts the decline of nitrate uptake in defoliated plants, suggesting that the down-regulation of nitrate uptake following defoliation might be effected through a shortage of carbohydrates in roots ([@CIT0036]). Therefore, modulating the intensity of defoliation through the removal of more or less leaf area should lead to differences in the N uptake rate and offer the opportunity to better study the interactions between C and N sources for regrowth, whether coming from storage remobilization or from current uptake and photoassimilation. In the vegetative stage, grasses are well adapted to defoliation for two reasons. Their leaf meristematic zone is located close to ground level, and is thus protected from mowing and animal grazing, and their C and N storage compounds are mainly accumulated in shoot bases and therefore in remaining tissues; both of these factors allow the plant to rapidly regenerate new leaves after defoliation. Nevertheless, defoliation height may affect not only the remaining leaf area, but also the integrity of the leaf growth zone and the amounts of stored carbohydrates and N compounds ([@CIT0030]). Defoliation frequency mainly affects the replenishment of N and C storage ([@CIT0063]; [@CIT0022]; [@CIT0023]). Plant responses to defoliation height and frequency vary depending upon the form of growth, morphology, genetic capabilities, and physiology ([@CIT0009]; [@CIT0022]; [@CIT0017]). The molecular signals down-regulating mineral N uptake and up-regulating N and C remobilization are, however, still largely unknown. Moreover, the relative patterns of N uptake and N and C remobilization are affected by the plant's N status before defoliation ([@CIT0035], [@CIT0036]), the remaining leaf area ([@CIT0030]), and the atmospheric CO~2~ concentration ([@CIT0064]); these factors exert their effects through complex interactions, making causal events difficult to establish. Finally, an external supply of fructose to the leaf sheaths of defoliated plants prevented fructans from being hydrolyzed ([@CIT0002]). This finding suggests that fructan hydrolysis depends on the amount of C circulating in phloem and that a threshold of leaf area removal below which fructans are not used for regrowth might exist. In order to gain a better understanding of the interactions between N and C metabolisms and therefore propose a better scheme of post-defoliation physiological events during the regrowth of *L. perenne*, the present study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects (2 d) of defoliation intensity on C remobilization, N uptake, N remobilization, and N allocation in roots, adult leaves, and growing leaves of *L. perenne*. Previous experiments on severely defoliated plants highlighted that during this critical period (2 d) leaf regrowth depends on N and C stored prior to defoliation ([@CIT0042], [@CIT0012]), but did not take into account the effect of defoliation intensity itself. Defoliation intensity was assessed by [@CIT0030] over a 7 d period but without taking into account the mobilization of C reserves. Therefore, in the present study, the defoliation intensity treatment consisted of the removal of an increasing proportion of leaf area (0, 25, 65, 84, and 100%, the latter representing plants that were totally defoliated). Analysis of N and C key storage compounds, including amino acids, proteins, and fructans, was combined with a ^15^N tracer technique to quantify N uptake, remobilization, and allocation over the 2 d period following defoliation. The hypotheses of this study were (i) that increasing defoliation intensity modulates C remobilization and N uptake, which in turn modulate N remobilization for fuelling primarily the growth of new leaves and then the regrowth of roots, and (ii) that a threshold defoliation intensity exists below which C and N storage compounds are not drawn upon for regrowth. Materials and methods {#s2} ===================== Growth of plant material {#s3} ------------------------ Seeds of *Lolium perenne* L. cv. Vigor were germinated on filter paper moistened with deionized water within closed Petri dishes placed in a growth chamber (Froid et Mesures, Beaucouzé, France). The dishes were kept at 24 °C in the dark for 3 d and then transferred to light in the same growth chamber. Nineteen days after sowing, seedlings were transferred on to hydroponic solution aerated with 1 litre air h^−1^ and grown for 35 d at a density of 57 plants per m^2^ in a controlled environment growth chamber at a constant temperature of 18 °C and 70% relative humidity with a 14 h photoperiod of 289 µmol m^−2^ s^−1^ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at canopy height provided by a balanced mixture of metal halide and high-pressure sodium bulbs (HQI, 400 W, Osram, Munich, Germany). After 35 d, plants were sampled in order to maximize plant homogeneity and allow an accurate calculation of N remobilization and partitioning. Sampled plants were spaced at a density of 28.5 plants per m^2^ and grown for 14 d at a constant temperature of 18 °C and 75% relative humidity with a 14 h photoperiod of 427 µmol m^−2^ s^−1^ PPFD ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). The nutrient solution contained 1.00 mM NH~4~NO~3~, 0.40 mM KH~2~PO~4~, 0.25 mM K~2~HPO~4~, 0.25 mM K~2~SO~4~, 1.50 mM CaCl~2~·2H~2~O, 0.50 mM MgSO~4~·7 H~2~O, 0.05 mM NaCl, 0.03 mM FeSO~4~·H~2~O, 0.10 mM EDTA, 0.025 mM H~3~BO~3~, 0.0005 mM CuSO~4~·5 H~2~O, 0.002 mM MnSO~4~·H~2~O, 0.0005 mM Na~2~Mo~4~·2H~2~O, and 0.002 mM ZnSO~4~·7H~2~O. ![(A) Schematic representation of growing conditions and ^15^N labelling. (B) Schematic representation of plants reduced to a rooted tiller with three leaves and treatments applied at day 0: 0 (undefoliated plants), 25, 65, 84, and 100% (totally defoliated plants) leaf area removal. The different parts of leaves that were growing at the time of defoliation and continued to grow after defoliation, and adult leaves that were left after defoliation, are labelled.](ery21101){#F1} Defoliation treatment and ^15^N labelling {#s4} ----------------------------------------- The defoliation treatment consisted of an increasing defoliation intensity, in which different percentages of leaf area were removed (0, 25, 65, 84, and 100%) ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Plants with 100% leaf area removal were those where the adult leaf blades and the top of growing leaves were removed. The treatment corresponding to 25% leaf area removal was achieved by removing only the top of growing leaves (down to 8 cm from the shoot base) emerging from the tube formed by the leaf sheaths. The treatments corresponding to 65, 84, and 100% leaf area removal were achieved by removing the emerged part of the growing leaves (similarly, down to 8 cm from the shoot base) and by additionally cutting the distal part of the adult blades in order to obtain a chosen residual length of blades of 10 cm (for 65%), 4 cm (for 84%), or 0 cm (for 100%). Therefore, the leaf area removed varied as indicated but the entire leaf growth zone, located within the basal 8 cm of the growing leaf, was left intact in all treatments. All removed clippings were saved in order to measure the removed leaf area, using a leaf area scanner (LI-3100C, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA). A first sampling and harvest was conducted by treatment at day 0 on a first set of plants. On these plants, the remaining leaf area was also measured so that the percentage of removed leaf area for each treatment could be accurately calculated. Four plant replicates were harvested for each treatment. Immediately after the defoliation treatments and day 0 sampling, the remaining plants were supplied with a nutrient solution identical to that previously supplied except that N was labelled with ^15^NH~4~^15^NO~3~ with a ^15^N abundance of 2.59 atom% (i.e. source ^15^N abundance). The plants were allowed to regrow for 2 d. A second set of plants was then sampled and harvested per treatment (day 2). Harvesting and analysis of plant material {#s5} ----------------------------------------- At harvest, plants were carefully rinsed with deionized water and divided into roots and shoots. Each tiller was then dissected into adult and growing leaves. Adult leaves were dissected into blades, sheaths, and dead tissues. Growing leaves were dissected into the top of growing leaves, corresponding to the emerged part, and elongating leaf bases, corresponding to the base still enclosed in the sheath tube ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). After harvest, all samples were freeze-dried, weighed, and ground. Total N content and ^15^N abundance (\[^15^N/(^14^N+^15^N)\]×100) of the ground samples were measured using a continuous flow isotope mass spectrometer (Twenty-twenty, Europa Scientific Ltd, Crewe, UK) linked to a C/N analyser (Roboprep CN, Europa Scientific Ltd). For soluble protein extraction, 50 mg (leaf sheaths) or 25 mg (elongating leaf bases) of freeze-dried plant tissue, ground to a fine powder, were placed in a 14 ml polypropylene round-bottom tube with 2 ml of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 4 °C. The tube was mixed by vortex three times for 30 s. The sample was centrifuged at 3200 *g* for 10 min at 4 °C and the supernatant was reserved. A 2 ml volume of buffer was added to the remaining pellet and the sample was mixed and centrifuged again. The two supernatants were pooled and used for soluble protein analysis. Soluble proteins were analysed in the supernatant by the protein--dye binding method of [@CIT0007], using bovine serum albumin as a standard. For extraction of water-soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, and nitrate, 50 mg (leaf sheaths) or 25 mg (elongating leaf bases) of freeze-dried plant tissue, ground to a fine powder, were placed in a 14 ml polypropylene round-bottom tube with 2 ml of 80% ethanol (v/v) with 0.5 g l^−1^ mannitol as an internal standard. The tube contents were mixed and incubated for 15 min at 80 °C. After ethanol extraction, the sample was centrifuged at 10000 *g* for 10 min. The supernatant was reserved and 2 ml of pure water was added to the pellet. The tube content was mixed and incubated for 15 min at 60 °C. After this first aqueous extraction, the sample was centrifuged at 10000 *g* for 10 min. The supernatant was reserved and pooled with the ethanol supernatant. The aqueous extraction was repeated once with the pellet. The three supernatants were finally pooled, evaporated to dryness under a vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in 0.5 ml pure water. For analysis of water-soluble carbohydrates, aliquots of soluble extract (100 µl) were passed through mini-columns (Mobicols, MoBITec, Göttingen, Germany) packed, from bottom to top, with 150 µl of Amberlite CG-400 II, formate-form (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland), 80 µl of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and 250 µl of Dowex 50W X8-400 H^+^-form (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to remove pigments and charged compounds. Fructans, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were analysed by HPLC on a cation exchange column (Sugar-PAK, 300 × 6.5 mm, Millipore Waters, Milford, MA, USA) eluted at 0.5 ml min^−1^ and 85 °C with 0.1 mM Ca-EDTA in water, using mannitol as an internal standard and a refractive index detector (Millipore Waters, Milford, MA, USA). For analysis of amino acids, aliquots of soluble extract were used to determine total amino acids by spectrophotometry at 570 nm using a ninhydrin assay (80 mg SnCl~2~ in 50 ml of 200 mM citrate buffer, pH 5.0, mixed with 2 g ninhydrin in 50 ml dimethyl sulfoxide). For nitrate analysis, aliquots of soluble extract were used to determine the nitrate concentration by ion chromatography using a DIONEX DX100 system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Calculation of N uptake and allocation {#s6} -------------------------------------- 'Post-defoliation N' was defined as N taken up between day 0 and day 2, and 'pre-defoliation N' as N deriving from N taken up before day 0 and remobilized between day 0 and day 2. The ^15^N labelling (^15^N abundance in %) of each compartment (roots, adult leaves, growing leaves) of plants allowed the determination of post-defoliation N content (equation 1) at day 2 in each compartment using the average ^15^N abundance of plant tissues sampled before labelling at day 0 (0.3742%): Post − defoliation Ncontent = \[ ( sample 15 N abundance − pre − labelling 15 N abundance ) ( source 15 N abundance − pre − labelling 15 N abundance ) \] × N c o n t e n t Subtraction of the post-defoliation N content from the total N content allowed determination of the pre-defoliation N content at day 2 in each compartment (equation 2): P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N c o n t e n t = T o t a l N c o n t e n t − P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N c o n t e n t Total N uptake by the plants (mg N plant^−1^) over the 2 d period of regrowth (Q~N~ in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}) was calculated using equation 3: T o t a l N u p t a k e = Σ c o m p a r t m e n t s P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N c o n t e n t ![Effect of leaf area removal on N uptake, N remobilization, and N allocation between plant tissues over 2 d. In undefoliated plants, Q~N~ (mg N plant^−1^) represents N taken up (post-day 0 N) and N remobilized (pre-day 0 N) between day 0 and day 2. In defoliated plants (25--100%), Q~N~ (mg N plant^−1^) represents N taken up (post-defoliation N) and N remobilized (pre-defoliation N) between day 0 and day 2. Q~N0~ corresponds to the N amount of each tissue (mg N plant^−1^) on day 0 and determines the size of the box relative to the box representing undefoliated plants. The direction of arrows indicates the main direction of N flows entering or leaving the tissue (in % of Q~N~). The size of the arrows is quantitatively proportional to the N flow. Data are the means ±SE of four replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences between defoliation treatments (*P*\<0.05; Tukey test).](ery21102){#F2} Since the unlabelled N content of plants harvested on day 0 (total N content at day 0) was not statistically different from that of plants harvested on day 2 (data not shown), the plant can be considered as a closed system for unlabelled N from day 0 to day 2. Therefore, the allocation of unlabelled N between compartments observed in plants harvested on day 0 was applied to the unlabelled N content of plants harvested on day 2 to calculate their normalized unlabelled N allocation at day 0. It was then possible to calculate d2--d0 unlabelled N content differences for each compartment as described in [@CIT0030]. The transfer of pre-defoliation N and post-defoliation N (in mg N plant^−1^) into or out of the different compartments was thus calculated according to equations 4 and 5 for each compartment: P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N t r a n s f e r ( d 2 -- d 0 ) = P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N d 2 − N o r m a l i z e d u n l a b e l l e d N d 0 P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N t r a n s f e r ( d 2 -- d 0 ) = P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N d 2 An increase in unlabelled N content of any compartment from day 0 to day 2 was defined as an inward movement (i.e. influx, inlet) into that compartment (N import; sink compartment; transfer represented as an inward arrow in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), while a loss of unlabelled N content from day 0 to day 2 was defined as an outward movement from that compartment (N export; source compartment; transfer represented as an outward arrow in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Total pre-defoliation N remobilization by the plant (mg N plant^−1^) over the 2 d period of regrowth (Q~N~ in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}) was calculated using equation 6: T o t a l N r e m o b i l i z e d = Σ s o u r c e c o m p a r t m e n t s P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N c o n t e n t The allocation of post-defoliation N in a compartment in percentage of the total post-defoliation N was calculated according to equation 7: P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N a l l o c a t i o n = P o s t − d e f o l i a t i o n N t r a n s f e r ( d 2 -- d 0 ) T o t a l N u p t a k e × 100 The allocation of pre-defoliation N was calculated as the relative amount of pre-defoliation N entering (inward) or leaving (outward) as a percentage of the total pre-defoliation N remobilized in the whole plant, according to equation 8: P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N a l l o c a t i o n = P r e − d e f o l i a t i o n N t r a n s f e r ( d 2 -- d 0 ) T o t a l N r e m o b i l i z e d × 100 Statistics {#s7} ---------- The resulting variation in measurements was expressed as the mean ±SE for *n*=4. Statistical analyses were performed using the software package R (R Development Core Team, 2007). After verifying that variance was homogenous (Bartlett test, 99%) and residuals were distributed normally (Shapiro--Wilk test, 99%), variables were compared between treatments by one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey test (95%). Correlation between N uptake and defoliation intensity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results {#s8} ======= Plant dry mass, leaf area, and regrowth {#s9} --------------------------------------- *Lolium perenne* plants were progressively defoliated by the removal of 0, 25, 65, 84, and 100% of leaf area at the vegetative stage. On day 0, there were 94.3 ± 3.7 tillers per plant. As expected, the effect of removing an increasing percentage of shoot material on day 0 was still evident after 2 d of regrowth, with plants subjected to greater defoliation intensity on day 0 having a smaller relative growth rate, shoot and blade biomass, and leaf area on day 2 ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Relative growth rate was not very different between the treatments in which 0, 25, or 65% of leaf area was removed, but strongly decreased for the treatments in which 85% or 100% of leaf area was removed ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). At the same time, the rate of leaf area production was barely affected by the intensity of defoliation. Indeed, the rate of leaf area production for undefoliated plants was only 4% higher (2.7 dm^2^ in 2 d) than for totally defoliated plants (2.59 dm^2^ in 2 d). By contrast, defoliation intensity had no impact on the biomass of sheaths, dead tissues, and roots, the production of growing leaves, and the number of tillers over the 2 d period ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). In contrast to undefoliated plants, no new adult leaves were produced by totally defoliated plants during the 2 d period of regrowth. ###### Biomass of the whole plant and plant tissues (root, shoot, adult and growing leaves), leaf area, and number of tillers per plant for the different treatments (0, 25, 65, 84 and 100% of leaf area removed) on day 0 and day 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Leaf area removed (%) Effect -------------------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------ Plant\ Whole plant Day 0 13.4^b^ (1.84) 12.1^ab^ (0.81) 9.07^ab^ (1.71) 8.54^ab^ (1.92) 7.23^a^ (1.65) \* (g DM plant^−1^) Day 2 16.3^b^ (4.14) 16.4^b^ (2.53) 11.4^ab^ (2.32) 9.41^ab^ (1.43) 7.76^a^ (0.74) \* RGR\ 0.111 0.179 0.129 0.051 0.036 (g g ^−1^ day^−1^) Plant\ Root Day 0 4.16 (0.88) 3.98 (0.41) 3.49 (0.75) 3.41 (0.83) 3.61 (0.86) ns (g DM plant^−1^) Day 2 4.73 (0.87) 4.97 (1.08) 4.11 (0.97) 3.93 (0.69) 3.85 (0.66) ns Shoot Day 0 9.21^c^ (1.00) 8.07^bc^ (0.41) 5.58^ab^ (0.99) 5.13^ab^ (1.11) 3.62^a^ (0.87) \*\*\* Day 2 11.6^b^ (3.28) 11.4^b^ (1.66) 7.30^ab^ (1.49) 5.49^ab^ (0.76) 3.91^a^ (0.41) \* Adult leaves\ Sheaths Day 0 2.65 (0.47) 2.64 (0.15) 2.53 (0.49) 3.12 (0.74) 2.63 (0.65) ns (g DM plant^−1^) Day 2 3.40 (1.05) 4.03 (0.64) 3.05 (0.84) 2.93 (0.44) 2.28 (0.30) ns Blades Day 0 4.37^c^ (0.31) 4.37^c^ (0.25) 2.03^b^ (0.30) 1.05^a^ (0.21) -- \*\*\* Day 2 5.69^b^ (1.51) 5.09^b^ (0.73) 2.12^a^ (0.35) 0.87^a^ (0.09) -- \*\*\* Dead tissues Day 0 0.47 (0.13) 0.28 (0.07) 0.29 (0.11) 0.26 (0.03) 0.23 (0.04) ns Day 2 0.51 (0.17) 0.46 (0.10) 0.53 (0.14) 0.30 (0.14) 0.27 (0.06) ns Growing leaves\ Base Day 0 0.82 (0.10) 0.78 (0.07) 0.73 (0.14) 0.70 (0.19) 0.74 (0.21) ns (g DM plant^−1^) Day 2 0.84 (0.26) 0.89 (0.14) 0.76 (0.11) 0.62 (0.09) 0.48 (0.06) ns Top Day 0 0.89 (0.06) -- -- -- -- -- Day 2 1.17^a^ (0.31) 0.92^ab^ (0.11) 0.84^a^ (0.09) 0.77^a^ (0.13) 0.78^a^ (0.09) ns Area\ Day 0 18.1^b^ (1.62) 13.7^b^ (1.94) 6.21^a^ (0.65) 2.68^a^ (0.41) -- \*\* (dm^2^ plant^−1^) Day 2 20.8^c^ (3.95) 16.4^c^ (2.21) 8.68^b^ (0.95) 5.18^ab^ (0.70) 2.59^a^ (0.25) \*\*\* Tillers\ Day 0 93 (7) 99 (7) 92 (10) 91 (12) 89 (10) ns (*n* plant^−1^) Day 2 107 (7) 111 (16) 113 (13) 96 (3) 101 (18) ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Values are means of four replicates with SE in parentheses. Treatment effect was tested by ANOVA: \**P*\<0.05, \*\* *P*\<0.01, \*\*\**P*\<0.001; ns, not significant. Significant differences between treatments are indicated by different letters (Tukey test). The relative growth rate (RGR) is calculated from the means of the whole plant DM at day 0 and day 2. DM, dry matter; --, no data available as the tissue does not exist. N uptake and allocation of pre- and post-defoliation N to plant compartments {#s10} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The use of ^15^N allowed discrimination between the N acquired before ('pre-defoliation N', or remobilized N coming from N reserves) and after ('post-defoliation N', or N taken up between day 0 and day 2) defoliation, and to trace its allocation within the different plant compartments. In the present experiment, plants were initially cultivated in the presence of N at natural abundance, which was replaced by ^15^N-enriched N at day 0 when treated plants were defoliated (or not defoliated for the control plants). N flows and relative N allocation between plant parts during the 2 d of the experiment are presented in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. Undefoliated plants absorbed 193 mg N in 2 d. Increasing intensity of defoliation decreased, as expected, plant N uptake from 167 mg per plant in the least defoliated plants (25% leaf area removal) to 60 mg per plant in totally defoliated plants (100% leaf area removal). While plant N uptake was inversely correlated to increasing defoliation intensity (r=--0.993; *P*\<0.001), plant N remobilization was not affected. As a consequence, the amount of remobilized N allocated to growing leaves was surprisingly similar in the various defoliation treatments. However, the proportion of remobilized N from adult leaves, relative to their N content on day 0 (Q~NO~), increased to a large extent (from 6 to 22%) with defoliation intensity. The remaining adult leaves are composed of leaf sheaths and leaf blades in partially defoliated plants and only of leaf sheaths in totally defoliated plants. As expected, the sink strength of remaining adult leaves towards post-defoliation N compounds decreased when defoliation intensity increased. Indeed, post-defoliation N allocated to the remaining adult leaves declined from 63 mg to 9 mg per plant as defoliation intensity increased from 25% to 100% leaf area removal. The remaining adult leaves also became a source of pre-defoliation N for regrowing leaves, but the amount of N remobilized from remaining adult leaves (between 11 and 19 mg per plant) was not quantitatively linked to defoliation intensity. As defoliation intensity increased, the amount of N taken up and subsequently allocated to regrowing leaves decreased from 42 mg to 25 mg per plant, but was relatively less affected than the amount of N taken up and subsequently allocated not only to the remaining adult leaves (from 63 mg to 9 mg per plant, as outlined above) but also to the roots (from 62 mg to 26 mg per plant). These latter values represent 40% on average of the N taken up by defoliated plants, independent of defoliation intensity. In contrast, the proportion of N taken up by defoliated plants and allocated to regrowing leaves increased with defoliation intensity (from 25% to 42%). Overall, these results lead to the conclusion that defoliation induced a relative increase of post-defoliation N allocation to regrowing leaves at the expense of roots and adult leaves. This effect is closely and positively linked to defoliation intensity. Post-defoliation N remained the major source of N for regrowing leaves, but the relative contribution of pre-defoliation N increased with defoliation intensity when more than 65% of the leaf area was removed. In most conditions, root N reserves also contributed to the remobilization of N to regrowing leaves, but to a much smaller extent than the contribution of adult leaves, and independently of defoliation intensity. N metabolites and sugar contents {#s11} -------------------------------- To gain better insight into the contribution of reserves to plant regrowth after defoliation, N metabolites (soluble proteins, total amino acids, and nitrate) ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) and water-soluble carbohydrates (fructans, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}) were quantified in elongating leaf bases and leaf sheaths. Elongating leaf bases correspond to the lower part of the growing leaves, enclosed in the whorl of leaf sheaths ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), and include the leaf meristems. Each defoliation treatment removed the distal part of the elongating leaves ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). In the vegetative stage, leaf sheaths can be considered as thoroughfares between leaf blades (where most photosynthesis occurs) and the rest of the plant. In undefoliated plants, the contents of nitrate, amino acids, and soluble proteins were greater in elongating leaf bases than in leaf sheaths ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Two days after defoliation, the nitrate content in leaf sheaths and the amino acid content in elongating leaf bases did not vary significantly between defoliation treatments ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). By contrast, the nitrate content increased in elongating leaf bases, while the amino acid content declined in leaf sheaths, as did the soluble protein content in both tissues, when defoliation intensity exceeded 65% of leaf area removed ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). ![(A) Nitrate, (B) amino acid, and (C) soluble protein contents (mg N g^−1^ DW) in elongating leaf bases (closed symbols) and leaf sheaths (open symbols) of perennial ryegrass 2 d after the defoliation treatments. Values are the means of four replicates; error bars are SE when they extend beyond the symbol. Different letters indicate significant differences between defoliation treatments (*P*\<0.05; Tukey test).](ery21103){#F3} ![(A) Glucose, (B) fructose, (C) sucrose, and (D) fructan contents (mg g^−1^ DW) in elongating leaf bases (closed symbols) and leaf sheaths (open symbols) of perennial ryegrass 2 d after the defoliation treatments. Values are means of four replicates; error bars are SE when they extend beyond the symbol. Different letters indicate significant differences between defoliation treatments (*P*\<0.05; Tukey test).](ery21104){#F4} As the defoliation intensity increased, the sucrose content declined gradually in both leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The fructose and glucose contents did not vary significantly in leaf sheaths in response to defoliation. By contrast, they both decreased in elongating leaf bases in response to defoliation exceeding 65% of leaf area removed. The fructan content also declined in elongating leaf bases in response to defoliation intensity exceeding 65% of leaf area removed. In leaf sheaths, fructans declined only when plants were totally defoliated. Discussion {#s12} ========== The objectives of this study were to assess (i) whether increasing defoliation intensity would modulate C remobilization and N uptake, which in turn would modulate N remobilization for fuelling first and foremost the growth of new leaves and then the regrowth of roots, and (ii) whether a threshold defoliation intensity might exist below which C and N storage compounds might not be drawn upon for regrowth. Effect of defoliation intensity on N uptake and partitioning {#s13} ------------------------------------------------------------ Defoliation intensity, in terms of the percentage of leaf area removed, affected total plant N uptake. Many studies have documented a negative effect of defoliation on root N absorption by grasses when compared with intact (i.e. undefoliated) plants ([@CIT0055]). For example, N uptake per plant by *L. perenne* was reduced ([@CIT0063]) or even ceased over the following 4 d for totally defoliated plants ([@CIT0049]). In addition, a single severe defoliation resulted in a large inhibition of NO~3~^−^ uptake by *L. perenne* compared with undefoliated plants for up to 8 d after defoliation ([@CIT0021]). Furthermore, when evaluating the impact of defoliation severity on *L. perenne*, plants cut to 4 cm height showed a greater reduction of N uptake compared with plants cut to 8 cm height ([@CIT0062]). This is probably the reason why in the present experiment cutting *L. perenne* plants to a height of 8 cm did not result in the cessation of N uptake. Removal of more than 75% of the leaf area was required to reduce N uptake significantly when measured over a 7 d period ([@CIT0030]). In the present study, which focused on the first 2 d of regrowth, plant N uptake declined as defoliation intensity increased, with no threshold below which N uptake was not affected. Defoliation intensity thus has a greater impact on plant N uptake during the first few days after defoliation than later on. The study of [@CIT0036] on *L. perenne* indicates that the shortage of carbohydrates in roots after defoliation could be regarded as a putative component of the regulatory mechanism for N uptake at the whole-plant level. Indeed, an external supply of sucrose in the nutrient solution at the time of defoliation counteracts the decline of nitrate uptake in defoliated plants, suggesting that down-regulation of nitrate uptake following defoliation might be effected through a shortage of sucrose in roots ([@CIT0036]). In the present study, the inverse relationship between remaining leaf area and down-regulation of N uptake after defoliation strongly suggests that N uptake is under the control of photosynthesis, probably through the transport of sucrose to the roots, given that sucrose represents the main form of C transport in *L. perenne* ([@CIT0003]; [@CIT0004]). The shortage of carbohydrates in the roots of defoliated plants might also result from changes in the priority of C allocation in favour of leaf meristems at the expense of roots ([@CIT0015]). Priority is clearly given to the re-establishment of photosynthetic capacity through refoliation in order to prevent complete depletion of carbohydrates, which would be lethal for the plant. Our results also show that for the studies of defoliation responses, leaf area production might be a better parameter than relative growth rate to explain instantaneous plant performance. The present study also clearly demonstrates that with increasing defoliation intensity, post-defoliation and pre-defoliation N were preferentially allocated to growing leaves rather than to roots. Therefore, the sink strength of leaf meristems increases as a response to defoliation not only for C but also for N compounds. The mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. Defoliation gives rise to both wounding and removal of leaf area, which may trigger responses either independently or in concert. The fact that the sink strength of leaf meristems increased only above a threshold of defoliation intensity (65% of leaf area removed) does not suggest that there is exclusive control by wounding. The prioritization of resource allocation to the leaf meristems might result from the decline of sink strength in roots. Indeed, defoliation of grasses has been shown to result in decreased root biomass ([@CIT0062]). Following defoliation of *L. perenne* to a height of 4 cm, some root death was observed to occur over the following 13 d ([@CIT0021]). In the study of [@CIT0030], the final root biomass achieved on day 7 was shown to decrease as defoliation intensity was increased, and the amount of root N uptake over 7 d subsequently allocated to growing leaves was maintained at the expense of N allocation to roots and to adult leaves, which declined. However, according to the present study, 2 d following defoliation is not enough time to show significant changes in root biomass. Despite no observed changes in root biomass, sink strength increased in leaf meristems as an early response to defoliation. It can thus be concluded that the prioritization of C and N allocation to leaf meristems does not result from a decrease in root sink strength, but rather arises from a mechanism that occurs in the leaf meristems themselves in response to defoliation, linked to an imbalance between C supply and C demand for growth and development. This mechanism is still unknown ([@CIT0006]). Effect of defoliation intensity on N and C remobilization {#s14} --------------------------------------------------------- C and N reserves are remobilized to compensate for shoot removal and N uptake inhibition. This general response can be modulated by defoliation intensity. [@CIT0049] demonstrated that when ryegrass plants were totally defoliated, N was remobilized from roots and from stubble made up of leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases, with stubble being preferentially depleted during the first 6 d of regrowth. Unexpectedly, in the present conditions, recycling of N compounds occurred from roots and growing leaves to adult leaves of undefoliated plants. However, it has been well established in other work on undefoliated grasses that remobilization of N occurs from adult leaves to growing leaves ([@CIT0064]; [@CIT0026]). The present results are probably due to the fact that some growing leaves became adult over the 2 d period of the experiment, so that growing leaves appear as a source compartment and adult leaves as a sink compartment for N reserves. When integrated over 7 d of regrowth, measurement of N remobilization showed that more N was remobilized from roots to growing leaves as a response to defoliation ([@CIT0030]). This allowed the plants to compensate for the increased removal of shoot N reserves as defoliation intensity increased. In the legume *Medicago sativa* L., a similar increased contribution of roots in supplying remobilized N as defoliation intensity increased has been observed ([@CIT0038]). In the present experiment and when integrated over 2 d after defoliation, however, little N was remobilized from roots to growing leaves, regardless of defoliation intensity. Taken together, our results show that the pattern of N remobilization varies with defoliation intensity and with time during regrowth depending on the plant's demand for N. By contrast with previous studies ([@CIT0035]), the present work shows that N remobilization did not increase proportionally to N uptake inhibition. Interestingly, N remobilization after defoliation can also occur independently of any down-regulation of N uptake in *Festuca rubra* ([@CIT0064]). This suggests that N remobilization is not under the strict control of N uptake fluctuation through amino acid levels and/or cycling in the remaining vascular system, as discussed by [@CIT0035], but rather implies the presence of more complex and integrated factors at the whole-plant level. This suggests, in turn, either that there are distinct signal compounds to down-regulate uptake and up-regulate remobilization, or that there are different thresholds of the same signal for the induction of remobilization and down-regulation of N uptake, as discussed by [@CIT0064]. Removal of more than 65% of the leaf area was required to significantly reduce both fructan content in elongating leaf bases after 2 d of regrowth and relative growth rate. Fructan content declined in leaf sheaths after 2 d only when plants were totally defoliated. Consequently, and in line with previous experiments ([@CIT0002]), wounding associated with clipping is not the predominant signal that triggers fructan remobilization. Rather, fructan remobilization depends on defoliation intensity, and thus on the C assimilation capacity that remains after defoliation. We can hypothesize that when C assimilation is sufficient to sustain plant growth, fructans are preserved. When C assimilation is not sufficient, C stores are used to maintain leaf area production as a priority. Moreover, fructans are remobilized, only in elongating leaf bases if demand on C stores is low, or in both elongating leaf bases and leaf sheaths if demand on C stores for plant growth is high. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that fructan degradation is triggered by sugar depletion. The size of the fructan pool is under the control of synthesis and breakdown enzymes, corresponding to fructosyltransferases (FT) and fructan exohydrolases (FEH), respectively. Sugar starvation due to defoliation induces fructan remobilization in the remaining leaf tissue during the first hours of regrowth, associated with a decrease of FT activity and an increase of FEH activity ([@CIT0043]). Fructan degradation occurred concomitantly to sucrose decline in leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases and to nitrate accumulation in elongating leaf bases. Modification of both nitrate and sucrose contents could explain the shift of fructan metabolism towards fructan hydrolysis. Indeed, besides its osmoregulating role, nitrate acts as a signal to repress fructan synthesis ([@CIT0039]), while sucrose is an inhibitor of fructan exohydrolase activity ([@CIT0037]; [@CIT0034]) and a positive signal for FT expression ([@CIT0045]). Nitrate accumulation and sucrose content decline could lead to a decline in fructan content by repressing fructan synthesis and activating fructan hydrolysis by alleviating the sucrose inhibition of FEH. However, this does not account for the increase of FEH activity measured *in vitro* with no sucrose in the incubation medium, suggesting *de novo* FEH synthesis. *De novo* FEH synthesis has been reported in *Phleum pratense* in response to defoliation ([@CIT0059]) but it has not yet been identified in *L. perenne* ([@CIT0032], [@CIT0034]; [@CIT0023]). Proteins serve as a store of N. However, regulation of proteolysis after defoliation has been poorly addressed in grasses, other than in species (*M. sativa*, *Trifolium repens*) that accumulate vegetative storage proteins ([@CIT0019]; [@CIT0046]). However, no vegetative storage proteins have been clearly identified in *L. perenne* ([@CIT0035]). Nitrate content increased in elongating leaf bases when more than 65% of leaf area was removed, and this increase was positively correlated to the severity of the defoliation. Nitrate content increased concomitantly to the decrease in fructose, sucrose, and fructans. Nitrate accumulation, together with depletion of water-soluble carbohydrates, has previously been reported in the leaf growth zone of totally defoliated *L. perenne* plants over the following 2 d ([@CIT0043]). This result, as well as those previously reported by [@CIT0048], suggest that the increase of nitrate content in elongating leaf bases could compensate for the decline of soluble carbohydrates and therefore contribute to osmotic adjustment in expanding cells where water deposition is essential. However, nitrate accumulation is unexpected, since N uptake is inhibited at the same time. Nitrate accumulation might result from the decrease of nitrate reductase activity previously reported in the roots of totally defoliated plants ([@CIT0005]), together with the inability of elongating leaf bases to reduce nitrate ([@CIT0018]). Nitrate reductase activity, which is known to be regulated by sucrose among other factors ([@CIT0031]), might thus be related here to the sucrose level, but this remains to be demonstrated. Integrative framework of events leading to the refoliation of grasses {#s15} --------------------------------------------------------------------- The present study provides new insights into the interactions between C and N metabolisms occurring at the whole-plant level after defoliation and leading to subsequent leaf regrowth. It clearly demonstrates that (i) N uptake is positively correlated to photosynthetic capacity; (ii) C and N reserves are not necessarily remobilized, depending on photosynthetic capacity at the time of defoliation; (iii) there is no inverse relationship between N uptake and N remobilization; (iv) leaf meristem sink strength for N and C compounds increases in response to defoliation; and (v) priority is given to leaf regrowth at the expense of roots. In conclusion, we propose a framework that integrates the sequential events leading to the refoliation of grasses, based on current knowledge and our present findings ([Fig. 5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). ![Integrative framework of the major events occurring after defoliation in grasses and leading to refoliation. Sucrose and nitrate signals are shown in bold.](ery21105){#F5} During the first hours of regrowth, the decrease or cessation of photosynthesis leads to a strong reduction in sucrose concentration in phloem sap ([@CIT0003]). Together with the increase in the priority of C allocation to leaf meristems, this might result in a shortage of carbohydrates in the roots. The down-regulation of N uptake during the first hours of regrowth might be mediated first by sugar starvation and then by an increase in cycling of amino acids arising from proteolysis ([@CIT0048]; [@CIT0036]). Sugar starvation might also inhibit N reduction in roots, leading to nitrate accumulation in leaf meristems through the xylem flux from roots ([@CIT0061]) since there is no nitrate reduction in leaf meristems ([@CIT0018]). The regulation of proteolysis and of fructan metabolism is still poorly understood. Sucrose and nitrate, whose levels decreased and increased, respectively, following defoliation, might act in concert as signals to trigger protein and fructan degradation ([@CIT0037]; [@CIT0045]; [@CIT0039]; [@CIT0033]; [@CIT0047]). Other factors are involved in the control of protein and fructan metabolisms in relation to regrowth after defoliation, such as gibberellins ([@CIT0040]; [@CIT0008]), abscisic acid ([@CIT0070]), and/or cytokinin ([@CIT0069]), which do not act as independent factors but are components of multiple signalling pathways. More knowledge is necessary to determine the time frame of the sequential events and to better understand how the shifts between current assimilation and reserve mobilization are regulated, how N and C metabolisms are integrated at the molecular level, and the mechanisms by which priority of allocation is given to the leaf meristem in grasses to allow rapid leaf replacement after defoliation. The authors would like to thank the technical staff at the research unit URP3F Lusignan for providing technical assistance with the generation of plants for the experiments and collecting samples, and the technical staff at the research unit EVA Caen for biochemical and ^15^N analysis. We thank Jeremy Lothier, Carole Becel, and Stéphanie Mahieu for their contribution to the biochemical analysis of C and N compounds. The authors also wish to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. This work was supported by grants from INRA, the French Ministry for Research, and the Conseil Régional Basse-Normandie.
1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an improved golf cart. 2. Description of the Prior Art According to the U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,399, the fixed member are simply mounted on a lower rod by screws or rivets. Further, the fixed member is provided with two pivot portions each connected with a wheel by a linking rod. However, such a fixed member is easily deformed thereby biasing the position of the linking rod and therefore making the wheels difficult to rotate. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a golf cart with an improved fixed seat which can obviate and mitigate the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Q: How get data back out of a (PHP) shell script I'm running a PHP script in a larger shell script by doing php -f $filename > `basename $filename .php`.html Now I would like to let the script tell me which file extension to use for the output file name. I tried export AW_FILENAME_SUFFIX=".html" php -f $filename > `basename $filename .php`$AW_FILENAME_SUFFIX and a putenv("AW_FILENAME_SUFFIX=.txt") in the script itself, but it seems that only changes the environment the PHP command and its subprocesses run in, not the one of the calling script. Is there another way to get data out of my script besides the output that I can use for metadata like that, or writing to a second file? I will run several scripts, which AFAIK means I can't really source them into mine, that might give me duplicate function errors. A: You can do the writing in your PHP script. So that is: <?php $ext = '.txt'; $filename = $argv[1].$ext; ob_start(); // my script $data = ob_get_clean(); file_put_contents($data, $filename); and then from the shell you can call like: php -f $scriptname $dumpfile
Clinical studies of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (THP). (2'' R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyl Adriamycin (THP) is a new antitumor agent discovered among series of similar anthracycline compound synthesized by Umezawa et al. Phase I study revealed dose limiting factor of leukopenia with upper GI toxicity. Alopecia, cardiac failure and transient hepatic failure were extremely mild. Definite responses were demonstrated in acute leukemia, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, breast carcinoma and GU carcinoma. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed rapid cell uptake and outputs in bile (20%) and urine (8%) in 24 hours. Transfer to third spaces were poor but definite. In vivo a part of THP was converted to ADM in the liver, but not in other tissues including tumors. THP would be an extremely interesting compound, because of comparable spectrum of responses to various tumors with extremely low toxicity compared with other anthracycline compounds.
// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // Package timeseries implements a time series structure for stats collection. package timeseries // import "golang.org/x/net/internal/timeseries" import ( "fmt" "log" "time" ) const ( timeSeriesNumBuckets = 64 minuteHourSeriesNumBuckets = 60 ) var timeSeriesResolutions = []time.Duration{ 1 * time.Second, 10 * time.Second, 1 * time.Minute, 10 * time.Minute, 1 * time.Hour, 6 * time.Hour, 24 * time.Hour, // 1 day 7 * 24 * time.Hour, // 1 week 4 * 7 * 24 * time.Hour, // 4 weeks 16 * 7 * 24 * time.Hour, // 16 weeks } var minuteHourSeriesResolutions = []time.Duration{ 1 * time.Second, 1 * time.Minute, } // An Observable is a kind of data that can be aggregated in a time series. type Observable interface { Multiply(ratio float64) // Multiplies the data in self by a given ratio Add(other Observable) // Adds the data from a different observation to self Clear() // Clears the observation so it can be reused. CopyFrom(other Observable) // Copies the contents of a given observation to self } // Float attaches the methods of Observable to a float64. type Float float64 // NewFloat returns a Float. func NewFloat() Observable { f := Float(0) return &f } // String returns the float as a string. func (f *Float) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%g", f.Value()) } // Value returns the float's value. func (f *Float) Value() float64 { return float64(*f) } func (f *Float) Multiply(ratio float64) { *f *= Float(ratio) } func (f *Float) Add(other Observable) { o := other.(*Float) *f += *o } func (f *Float) Clear() { *f = 0 } func (f *Float) CopyFrom(other Observable) { o := other.(*Float) *f = *o } // A Clock tells the current time. type Clock interface { Time() time.Time } type defaultClock int var defaultClockInstance defaultClock func (defaultClock) Time() time.Time { return time.Now() } // Information kept per level. Each level consists of a circular list of // observations. The start of the level may be derived from end and the // len(buckets) * sizeInMillis. type tsLevel struct { oldest int // index to oldest bucketed Observable newest int // index to newest bucketed Observable end time.Time // end timestamp for this level size time.Duration // duration of the bucketed Observable buckets []Observable // collections of observations provider func() Observable // used for creating new Observable } func (l *tsLevel) Clear() { l.oldest = 0 l.newest = len(l.buckets) - 1 l.end = time.Time{} for i := range l.buckets { if l.buckets[i] != nil { l.buckets[i].Clear() l.buckets[i] = nil } } } func (l *tsLevel) InitLevel(size time.Duration, numBuckets int, f func() Observable) { l.size = size l.provider = f l.buckets = make([]Observable, numBuckets) } // Keeps a sequence of levels. Each level is responsible for storing data at // a given resolution. For example, the first level stores data at a one // minute resolution while the second level stores data at a one hour // resolution. // Each level is represented by a sequence of buckets. Each bucket spans an // interval equal to the resolution of the level. New observations are added // to the last bucket. type timeSeries struct { provider func() Observable // make more Observable numBuckets int // number of buckets in each level levels []*tsLevel // levels of bucketed Observable lastAdd time.Time // time of last Observable tracked total Observable // convenient aggregation of all Observable clock Clock // Clock for getting current time pending Observable // observations not yet bucketed pendingTime time.Time // what time are we keeping in pending dirty bool // if there are pending observations } // init initializes a level according to the supplied criteria. func (ts *timeSeries) init(resolutions []time.Duration, f func() Observable, numBuckets int, clock Clock) { ts.provider = f ts.numBuckets = numBuckets ts.clock = clock ts.levels = make([]*tsLevel, len(resolutions)) for i := range resolutions { if i > 0 && resolutions[i-1] >= resolutions[i] { log.Print("timeseries: resolutions must be monotonically increasing") break } newLevel := new(tsLevel) newLevel.InitLevel(resolutions[i], ts.numBuckets, ts.provider) ts.levels[i] = newLevel } ts.Clear() } // Clear removes all observations from the time series. func (ts *timeSeries) Clear() { ts.lastAdd = time.Time{} ts.total = ts.resetObservation(ts.total) ts.pending = ts.resetObservation(ts.pending) ts.pendingTime = time.Time{} ts.dirty = false for i := range ts.levels { ts.levels[i].Clear() } } // Add records an observation at the current time. func (ts *timeSeries) Add(observation Observable) { ts.AddWithTime(observation, ts.clock.Time()) } // AddWithTime records an observation at the specified time. func (ts *timeSeries) AddWithTime(observation Observable, t time.Time) { smallBucketDuration := ts.levels[0].size if t.After(ts.lastAdd) { ts.lastAdd = t } if t.After(ts.pendingTime) { ts.advance(t) ts.mergePendingUpdates() ts.pendingTime = ts.levels[0].end ts.pending.CopyFrom(observation) ts.dirty = true } else if t.After(ts.pendingTime.Add(-1 * smallBucketDuration)) { // The observation is close enough to go into the pending bucket. // This compensates for clock skewing and small scheduling delays // by letting the update stay in the fast path. ts.pending.Add(observation) ts.dirty = true } else { ts.mergeValue(observation, t) } } // mergeValue inserts the observation at the specified time in the past into all levels. func (ts *timeSeries) mergeValue(observation Observable, t time.Time) { for _, level := range ts.levels { index := (ts.numBuckets - 1) - int(level.end.Sub(t)/level.size) if 0 <= index && index < ts.numBuckets { bucketNumber := (level.oldest + index) % ts.numBuckets if level.buckets[bucketNumber] == nil { level.buckets[bucketNumber] = level.provider() } level.buckets[bucketNumber].Add(observation) } } ts.total.Add(observation) } // mergePendingUpdates applies the pending updates into all levels. func (ts *timeSeries) mergePendingUpdates() { if ts.dirty { ts.mergeValue(ts.pending, ts.pendingTime) ts.pending = ts.resetObservation(ts.pending) ts.dirty = false } } // advance cycles the buckets at each level until the latest bucket in // each level can hold the time specified. func (ts *timeSeries) advance(t time.Time) { if !t.After(ts.levels[0].end) { return } for i := 0; i < len(ts.levels); i++ { level := ts.levels[i] if !level.end.Before(t) { break } // If the time is sufficiently far, just clear the level and advance // directly. if !t.Before(level.end.Add(level.size * time.Duration(ts.numBuckets))) { for _, b := range level.buckets { ts.resetObservation(b) } level.end = time.Unix(0, (t.UnixNano()/level.size.Nanoseconds())*level.size.Nanoseconds()) } for t.After(level.end) { level.end = level.end.Add(level.size) level.newest = level.oldest level.oldest = (level.oldest + 1) % ts.numBuckets ts.resetObservation(level.buckets[level.newest]) } t = level.end } } // Latest returns the sum of the num latest buckets from the level. func (ts *timeSeries) Latest(level, num int) Observable { now := ts.clock.Time() if ts.levels[0].end.Before(now) { ts.advance(now) } ts.mergePendingUpdates() result := ts.provider() l := ts.levels[level] index := l.newest for i := 0; i < num; i++ { if l.buckets[index] != nil { result.Add(l.buckets[index]) } if index == 0 { index = ts.numBuckets } index-- } return result } // LatestBuckets returns a copy of the num latest buckets from level. func (ts *timeSeries) LatestBuckets(level, num int) []Observable { if level < 0 || level > len(ts.levels) { log.Print("timeseries: bad level argument: ", level) return nil } if num < 0 || num >= ts.numBuckets { log.Print("timeseries: bad num argument: ", num) return nil } results := make([]Observable, num) now := ts.clock.Time() if ts.levels[0].end.Before(now) { ts.advance(now) } ts.mergePendingUpdates() l := ts.levels[level] index := l.newest for i := 0; i < num; i++ { result := ts.provider() results[i] = result if l.buckets[index] != nil { result.CopyFrom(l.buckets[index]) } if index == 0 { index = ts.numBuckets } index -= 1 } return results } // ScaleBy updates observations by scaling by factor. func (ts *timeSeries) ScaleBy(factor float64) { for _, l := range ts.levels { for i := 0; i < ts.numBuckets; i++ { l.buckets[i].Multiply(factor) } } ts.total.Multiply(factor) ts.pending.Multiply(factor) } // Range returns the sum of observations added over the specified time range. // If start or finish times don't fall on bucket boundaries of the same // level, then return values are approximate answers. func (ts *timeSeries) Range(start, finish time.Time) Observable { return ts.ComputeRange(start, finish, 1)[0] } // Recent returns the sum of observations from the last delta. func (ts *timeSeries) Recent(delta time.Duration) Observable { now := ts.clock.Time() return ts.Range(now.Add(-delta), now) } // Total returns the total of all observations. func (ts *timeSeries) Total() Observable { ts.mergePendingUpdates() return ts.total } // ComputeRange computes a specified number of values into a slice using // the observations recorded over the specified time period. The return // values are approximate if the start or finish times don't fall on the // bucket boundaries at the same level or if the number of buckets spanning // the range is not an integral multiple of num. func (ts *timeSeries) ComputeRange(start, finish time.Time, num int) []Observable { if start.After(finish) { log.Printf("timeseries: start > finish, %v>%v", start, finish) return nil } if num < 0 { log.Printf("timeseries: num < 0, %v", num) return nil } results := make([]Observable, num) for _, l := range ts.levels { if !start.Before(l.end.Add(-l.size * time.Duration(ts.numBuckets))) { ts.extract(l, start, finish, num, results) return results } } // Failed to find a level that covers the desired range. So just // extract from the last level, even if it doesn't cover the entire // desired range. ts.extract(ts.levels[len(ts.levels)-1], start, finish, num, results) return results } // RecentList returns the specified number of values in slice over the most // recent time period of the specified range. func (ts *timeSeries) RecentList(delta time.Duration, num int) []Observable { if delta < 0 { return nil } now := ts.clock.Time() return ts.ComputeRange(now.Add(-delta), now, num) } // extract returns a slice of specified number of observations from a given // level over a given range. func (ts *timeSeries) extract(l *tsLevel, start, finish time.Time, num int, results []Observable) { ts.mergePendingUpdates() srcInterval := l.size dstInterval := finish.Sub(start) / time.Duration(num) dstStart := start srcStart := l.end.Add(-srcInterval * time.Duration(ts.numBuckets)) srcIndex := 0 // Where should scanning start? if dstStart.After(srcStart) { advance := dstStart.Sub(srcStart) / srcInterval srcIndex += int(advance) srcStart = srcStart.Add(advance * srcInterval) } // The i'th value is computed as show below. // interval = (finish/start)/num // i'th value = sum of observation in range // [ start + i * interval, // start + (i + 1) * interval ) for i := 0; i < num; i++ { results[i] = ts.resetObservation(results[i]) dstEnd := dstStart.Add(dstInterval) for srcIndex < ts.numBuckets && srcStart.Before(dstEnd) { srcEnd := srcStart.Add(srcInterval) if srcEnd.After(ts.lastAdd) { srcEnd = ts.lastAdd } if !srcEnd.Before(dstStart) { srcValue := l.buckets[(srcIndex+l.oldest)%ts.numBuckets] if !srcStart.Before(dstStart) && !srcEnd.After(dstEnd) { // dst completely contains src. if srcValue != nil { results[i].Add(srcValue) } } else { // dst partially overlaps src. overlapStart := maxTime(srcStart, dstStart) overlapEnd := minTime(srcEnd, dstEnd) base := srcEnd.Sub(srcStart) fraction := overlapEnd.Sub(overlapStart).Seconds() / base.Seconds() used := ts.provider() if srcValue != nil { used.CopyFrom(srcValue) } used.Multiply(fraction) results[i].Add(used) } if srcEnd.After(dstEnd) { break } } srcIndex++ srcStart = srcStart.Add(srcInterval) } dstStart = dstStart.Add(dstInterval) } } // resetObservation clears the content so the struct may be reused. func (ts *timeSeries) resetObservation(observation Observable) Observable { if observation == nil { observation = ts.provider() } else { observation.Clear() } return observation } // TimeSeries tracks data at granularities from 1 second to 16 weeks. type TimeSeries struct { timeSeries } // NewTimeSeries creates a new TimeSeries using the function provided for creating new Observable. func NewTimeSeries(f func() Observable) *TimeSeries { return NewTimeSeriesWithClock(f, defaultClockInstance) } // NewTimeSeriesWithClock creates a new TimeSeries using the function provided for creating new Observable and the clock for // assigning timestamps. func NewTimeSeriesWithClock(f func() Observable, clock Clock) *TimeSeries { ts := new(TimeSeries) ts.timeSeries.init(timeSeriesResolutions, f, timeSeriesNumBuckets, clock) return ts } // MinuteHourSeries tracks data at granularities of 1 minute and 1 hour. type MinuteHourSeries struct { timeSeries } // NewMinuteHourSeries creates a new MinuteHourSeries using the function provided for creating new Observable. func NewMinuteHourSeries(f func() Observable) *MinuteHourSeries { return NewMinuteHourSeriesWithClock(f, defaultClockInstance) } // NewMinuteHourSeriesWithClock creates a new MinuteHourSeries using the function provided for creating new Observable and the clock for // assigning timestamps. func NewMinuteHourSeriesWithClock(f func() Observable, clock Clock) *MinuteHourSeries { ts := new(MinuteHourSeries) ts.timeSeries.init(minuteHourSeriesResolutions, f, minuteHourSeriesNumBuckets, clock) return ts } func (ts *MinuteHourSeries) Minute() Observable { return ts.timeSeries.Latest(0, 60) } func (ts *MinuteHourSeries) Hour() Observable { return ts.timeSeries.Latest(1, 60) } func minTime(a, b time.Time) time.Time { if a.Before(b) { return a } return b } func maxTime(a, b time.Time) time.Time { if a.After(b) { return a } return b }
/* Copyright (c) 2019 vesoft inc. All rights reserved. * * This source code is licensed under Apache 2.0 License, * attached with Common Clause Condition 1.0, found in the LICENSES directory. */ #include "meta/processors/indexMan/CreateTagIndexProcessor.h" namespace nebula { namespace meta { void CreateTagIndexProcessor::process(const cpp2::CreateTagIndexReq& req) { auto space = req.get_space_id(); CHECK_SPACE_ID_AND_RETURN(space); const auto &indexName = req.get_index_name(); auto &tagName = req.get_tag_name(); auto &fieldNames = req.get_fields(); if (fieldNames.empty()) { LOG(ERROR) << "The index field of an tag should not be empty."; handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_INVALID_PARM); onFinished(); return; } std::set<std::string> columnSet(fieldNames.begin(), fieldNames.end()); if (fieldNames.size() != columnSet.size()) { LOG(ERROR) << "Conflict field in the tag index."; handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_CONFLICT); onFinished(); return; } folly::SharedMutex::WriteHolder wHolder(LockUtils::tagIndexLock()); auto ret = getIndexID(space, indexName); if (ret.ok()) { LOG(ERROR) << "Create Tag Index Failed: " << indexName << " have existed"; if (req.get_if_not_exists()) { handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::SUCCEEDED); } else { handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_EXISTED); } onFinished(); return; } auto tagIDRet = getTagId(space, tagName); if (!tagIDRet.ok()) { LOG(ERROR) << "Create Tag Index Failed: Tag " << tagName << " not exist"; handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_NOT_FOUND); onFinished(); return; } auto tagID = tagIDRet.value(); auto prefix = MetaServiceUtils::indexPrefix(space); std::unique_ptr<kvstore::KVIterator> checkIter; auto checkRet = kvstore_->prefix(kDefaultSpaceId, kDefaultPartId, prefix, &checkIter); if (checkRet != kvstore::ResultCode::SUCCEEDED) { resp_.set_code(MetaCommon::to(checkRet)); onFinished(); return; } while (checkIter->valid()) { auto val = checkIter->val(); auto item = MetaServiceUtils::parseIndex(val); if (item.get_schema_id().getType() != nebula::cpp2::SchemaID::Type::tag_id || fieldNames.size() > item.get_fields().size() || tagID != item.get_schema_id().get_tag_id()) { checkIter->next(); continue; } if (checkIndexExist(fieldNames, item)) { resp_.set_code(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_EXISTED); onFinished(); return; } checkIter->next(); } auto schemaRet = getLatestTagSchema(space, tagID); if (!schemaRet.ok()) { handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_NOT_FOUND); onFinished(); return; } auto latestTagSchema = schemaRet.value(); if (tagOrEdgeHasTTL(latestTagSchema)) { LOG(ERROR) << "Tag: " << tagName << " has ttl, not create index"; handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_INDEX_WITH_TTL); onFinished(); return; } auto fields = getLatestTagFields(latestTagSchema); std::vector<nebula::cpp2::ColumnDef> columns; for (auto &field : fieldNames) { auto iter = std::find_if(std::begin(fields), std::end(fields), [field](const auto& pair) { return field == pair.first; }); if (iter == fields.end()) { LOG(ERROR) << "Field " << field << " not found in Tag " << tagName; handleErrorCode(cpp2::ErrorCode::E_NOT_FOUND); onFinished(); return; } else { auto type = fields[field]; nebula::cpp2::ColumnDef column; column.set_name(std::move(field)); column.set_type(std::move(type)); columns.emplace_back(std::move(column)); } } std::vector<kvstore::KV> data; auto tagIndexRet = autoIncrementId(); if (!nebula::ok(tagIndexRet)) { LOG(ERROR) << "Create tag index failed : Get tag index ID failed"; handleErrorCode(nebula::error(tagIndexRet)); onFinished(); return; } auto tagIndex = nebula::value(tagIndexRet); nebula::cpp2::IndexItem item; item.set_index_id(tagIndex); item.set_index_name(indexName); nebula::cpp2::SchemaID schemaID; schemaID.set_tag_id(tagID); item.set_schema_id(schemaID); item.set_schema_name(tagName); item.set_fields(std::move(columns)); data.emplace_back(MetaServiceUtils::indexIndexKey(space, indexName), std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&tagIndex), sizeof(IndexID))); data.emplace_back(MetaServiceUtils::indexKey(space, tagIndex), MetaServiceUtils::indexVal(item)); LOG(INFO) << "Create Tag Index " << indexName << ", tagIndex " << tagIndex; resp_.set_id(to(tagIndex, EntryType::INDEX)); doSyncPutAndUpdate(std::move(data)); } } // namespace meta } // namespace nebula
Search form Shannon Portillo Shannon Portillo, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor and Undergraduate Program Coordinator at the University of Kansas School of Public Affairs and Administration. Dr. Portillo takes an interdisciplinary approach to her work pulling on organizational theories rooted in Public Administration and Law and Society to explore how rules and policies are carried out within public organizations. To date she has done work in a broad array of organizations including problem-solving courts, probation, restorative justice programs, administrative hearings, policing, higher education and city management. Using a variety of methods, she collects empirical data to assess how social, cultural and legal factors influence the day-to-day operations in these organizations. Teaching and research interests include social equity, social justice, organizational theory, and legal mobilization. Her work has appeared in Law & Policy, Administration & Society, Law & Social Inquiry, Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory and Public Administration Review.
3-D imaging tracks the insides of single molecules WASHINGTON – A three-dimensional cell imaging method has been developed to study the complex spatial-temporal dynamics of protein transport, a challenging feat in the field of cell biology. Because of cell-to-cell variations in thickness and the temporal properties of protein transport, scientists have faced many technical challenges trying to image such dynamic processes in the cell and in 3-D. Previous techniques were slow and suffered from poor Z-localization and 3-D tracking capability, say researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and the University of Texas at Dallas in Richardson. Illustrated are the strengths of multifocal plane microscopy over conventional microscopy techniques. Courtesy of S. Ram, UT Southwestern Medical Center. To overcome the obstacles, the scientists used a combination of multifocal plane microscopy and nanodot labeling technology. They labeled single molecules in live cells and tracked their movement and interaction with other molecules in a thick cell sample over an extended period. Initially, the technique was developed by the researchers to track the movement of therapeutic antibodies engineered in their lab. Although current microscopy technologies limit scientists to image only a single focal plane at a time, the scientists wanted to simultaneously image a sample across multiple planes. Their findings, which were funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, were reported at the 55th Biophysical Society Annual Meeting in Baltimore.
Fashion's Night Out FASHION'S Night Out is one of the industry's biggest nights, with cities around the world simultaneously celebrating all things fashion - so needless to say London's finest were out in force. Bond Street - Old and New - became a catwalk, packed to bursting point with stylish shoppers sporting their very best so they could impress our Street Chic snapper. gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand gallery-expand Hardeep Chohan, PR "I'm wearing a Nom De Mode top and skirt with a Dior bag." Dvora Hardeep Chohan, PR "I'm wearing Alaia shoes." Dvora Verity Curtis, fashion blogger Beauty Chic - "My make-up is a mix of Becca and Chanel." Dvora Verity Curtis, fashion blogger "My top is by Giambattista Valli and I'm wearing it with an American Apparel top underneath and an Erdem skirt. My shoes are by Charlotte Olympia and my bag is by Proenza Schouler." Dvora Jessica Hannan, marketing editor "I'm wearing a vintage dress with a bag from Topshop and shoes by Aldo." "I am wearing a Kitson sweater, a Zara skirt, and I am carrying a Celine bag. My jewellery is from my own brand LeiVanKash." Dvora Leila Kashanipour, jeweller "My boots are by Laurence Dacade." Dvora Lily Silverton, editor "I'm wearing a New Era hat borrowed from my little brother, a yellow Topshop sweater and silver top, and a shirt I borrowed from my Grandma. My skirt is vintage, my shoes are by Pierre Hardy, the ribbon is from Miriam Elia and I am carrying a Chloe bag." Dvora Naomi Lake, make-up artist "I am wearing a Staple for the Cool Kids dress and bag, and Topshop shoes. My jewellery is a mixture of Topshop and One Vintage, and my make-up is all MAC."
Cane Run/Coldstream Park: see page below Atlas of Vascular Plants in Kentucky: see page "Kentucky Plants" below ====================================== This website provides materials for Natural History and Conservation Planning in the Ohio Valley. Cooperation is sought: please check for typos, ranking problems, better images, and other issues; send comments to me at [email protected] The ultimate goals here are as follows. (1) To advance a new synthesis of Natural History for east-central states (starting with more cohesive regional descriptions). (2) To develop more functionality in Natural Heritage programs (including ecological models). (3) To provide a general commentary on Nature Conservation (assessing successes versus failures). Files are sorted into the pages listed below.
[Quality estimation on material medica of Rhizoma Paridis from Sichuan & Yunnan province]. To provide valuable reference for comprehensive qualitative estimation and reasonable utilization of material medica Rhizoma Paridis. Rhizoma Paridis collected from different region of southwest Sichuan & northwest Yunnan. The texture and the content of parissaponin I, II, VI, VII were observed a nd measured b y HPLC. The difference of target compounds' content among samples from different producing area is significant; the eligibility rate of material medica is only 25%; the texture of material medica has certain relativity with content of parissaponin.
/** * * @authors Andrei Novikov ([email protected]) * @date 2014-2020 * @copyright GNU Public License * * GNU_PUBLIC_LICENSE * pyclustering is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * pyclustering is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * */ #pragma once #include <functional> namespace pyclustering { namespace differential { enum class solve_type { FORWARD_EULER, RUNGE_KUTTA_4, RUNGE_KUTTA_FEHLBERG_45, }; } }
The year 2001 is winding down and looking back we can see that a number of changes have taken place in the sportscard industry over the past year. This article takes a closer look at some of those changes... "Big Ticket" items vs. low to mid-grade vintage, how set collecting continues to grow, and how the Modern card market has weathered the storm. A look back, before looking ahead! Click here to read more. The PSA Set Registry has had 25 new sets listed since the last eCollector. New composites added last week include the 1965 Topps baseball, 1960-61 Topps hockey, and the 1966 Topps baseball. Click here to browse. Get involved with other collectors who are currently participating in the Set Registry program or are just beginning. Click here to chat on the New PSA Set Registry Message Board. Subscribe to the online PSA Population ReportSMand the PSA Price Guide for as little as $4.95 a month! Updated weekly, get the latest census data on all cards graded by PSA. And get the current prices for your favorite sportscards. At 38, Michael Jordan is back in basketball. Can he make magic for the Wizards? Well, he's in great shape, and many experts think he can. Though there may be debate on how magical his return will be, no one is questioning the spell of excitement that his return will cast! Click here to read more. The Gold and Platinum PSA Collectors Club packages offer sportscard grading and subscriptions to the Sports Market Report and the online Price Guide and Population ReportSM. Click here and enjoy huge discounts! Results from last survey: 37% said that Michael Jordan's performance is average so far this year. Click here for a complete breakdown. The Expert's Corner Modern Masterpiece - A Look at the 1986-87 Fleer Basketball Set Great collections are works of art, and like art, some are true masterpieces. The 1986-87 Fleer basketball set is definitely a modern work of art. This article takes a closer look at the real artistry in this set... "tough, colorful and packed with stars," you might just want to start collecting it yourself! Click here to read more. Our Readers Ask Question: My son has a 1968 or 1969 Detroit Tigers baseball. Some of the signatures are Al Kaline, Willie Horton, and Mickey Mantle. It looks like the whole team signed the ball and we know that his grandfather was at the World Series in 1968. How can we determine a time frame or value for this piece? Also, we have the ball in a plastic case, is this the best way to preserve it? Answer: The Yanks did not play the Tigers in 1968 or 1969 so I am trying to figure out why Mantle would be there (maybe part of the pre- game ceremonies, etc.). If it is a 1968 Tigers team ball, it might be worth a significant amount of money (maybe $750-$1,500 depending on condition of the ball and signatures, etc.). The best way to find out is to do more research within your family and to look up the team roster for those years. Maybe, you can match the signatures (assuming they are legible) to the roster. The more research, the better. As far as preservation goes, a plastic case is a good start, but make sure it is UV coated and you must keep the ball away from direct light in a cool place. Direct sunlight will fade the signatures even if the ball is placed in plastic. The UV coating will help prevent fading but keeping it stored is the key. You can display it, just make sure the lighting isn't too strong. --Joe Orlando, Editor Sports Market Report BID NOW FOR YOUR FAVORITE SPORTS AUTOGRAPHS AND MEMORABILIAOdyssey's Winter 2001 Autographs & Memorabilia Auction is now in progress and features a wide array of exciting entertainment, presidential, historical, in person autographs and memorabilia as well as offerings from sports legends such as Hank Aaron, Muhammad Ali, Lou Gehrig, and Joe DiMaggio. Click here to bid.
Labelling of oviduct nuclear and nucleolar proteins during estrogen induced differentiation. The effect of secondary stimulation with estrogen on synthesis of nuclear and nucleolar proteins is studied in chick oviduct. Isolated nuclei and nucleoli have a protein/DNA ratio of 5.2 and 5.6, respectively. 35% of nuclear and nucleolar protein is recovered in the histone fraction after hydroxylapatite chromatography. Gel electrophoretic separations of nuclear and nucleolar nonhistones are largely similar as to visible bands and distribution of radioactivity. Nucleoli bind 1.4 times more [3H] estradiol as compared to whole nuclei. Nucleolar histones are labelled slightly more actively with [3H] leucine than nuclear histones; nucleolar nonhistones are labelled about 3 times more actively than nuclear nonhistones. An 18 hour secondary stimulation with estrogen increases the radioactivity of histones by 6-fold and that of nonhistones by 2.5-fold in whole nuclei as well as in nucleoli. Stimulation appears to increase preferentially radioactivity of nonhistones at 50 000 daltons. As this change is observed in whole nuclei and nucleoli and is not reduced with hydroxyurea, it is suggested that this may be related to a gross structural reorganisation of chromatin induced by the hormone.
Q: cl-who: using a variable in with-html-output-to-string All the examples I've seen so far for cl-who work like this: (with-html-output-to-string (s) (:HTML (:HEAD (:TITLE "hello")) (:BODY (:DIV "world")))) Which works fine. However, I wanted to use with-html-output-to-string with a variable, instead of a hardcoded html tree; if *p* has (:HTML (:HEAD (:TITLE "hello")) (:BODY (:DIV "world"))) and I do this (with-html-output-to-string (s) *p*) I get "" as a result. I guess that as with-html-output-to-string is a macro, it's last argument is never evaluated. Is there any way I can get around this? A: Use cl-who:str; check the examples at http://weitz.de/cl-who/#example. If you do: (with-html-output-to-string (s) (str *p*)) you'll get the expected output.
The present invention relates to lining elements for mounting onto an inner surface of a drum mantle in a grinding mill. More specifically, the invention relates to lining elements having an axially oriented elongated wear resistant lifter member projecting radially into the drum, and a resilient support member for the lifter member. In a lining element of this type, disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,681, Eriksson et al, the lifter member made of a hard metal alloy or a ceramic material is effective as a wear resistant component of the mill lining whereas the support member made of a resilient elastomeric material is effective as an impact absorbing component protecting the wear resistant lifter member from breaking. By combining the wear-resistant and impact absorbing materials in this known way, the lifter element will be more resistant to failure and have a longer service life, as compared, for example, with mill linings entirely made of steel.
Q: Designs and practices to guard against erroneous null entries from database One part of my program fetches data from many tables and columns in my database for processing. Some of the columns might be null, but in the current processing context that is an error. This should "theoretically" not happen, so if it does it points to bad data or a bug in the code. The errors have different severities, depending which field is null; i.e. for some fields the processing should be stopped and somebody notified, for others the processing should be allowed to continue and just notify somebody. Are there any good architecture or design principles to handle the rare but possible null entries? The solutions should be possible to implement with Java but I didn't use the tag because I think the problem is somewhat language-agnostic. Some thoughts that I had myself: Using NOT NULL Easiest would be to use a NOT NULL constraint in the database. But what if the original inserting of the data is more important that this later processing step? So in case the insert would put a null into the table (either because of bugs or maybe even some valid reason), I wouldn't want the insert to fail. Let's say that many more parts of the program depend on the inserted data, but not on this particular column. So I would rather risk the error in the current processing step instead of the insert step. That's why I don't want to use a NOT NULL constraint. Naively depending on NullPointerException I could just use the data as if I expect it to be always there (and that should really be the case), and catch resulting NPEs at an appropriate level (e.g. so that the processing of the current entry stops but not the whole processing progress). This is the "fail fast" principle and I often prefer it. If it is a bug at least I get a logged NPE. But then I lose the ability to differentiate between various kinds of missing data. E.g. for some missing data I could leave it out, but for others the processing should be stopped and an admin notified. Checking for null before each access and throwing custom exceptions Custom exceptions would let me decide the correct action based on the exception, so this seems like the way to go. But what if I forget to check it somewhere? Also I then clutter my code with null checks which are never or rarely expected (and so definitely not part of the business logic flow). If I choose to go this way, what patterns are best suited for the approach? Any thoughts and comments on my approaches are welcomed. Also better solutions of any kind (patterns, principles, better architecture of my code or models etc.). Edit: There is another constraint, in that i am using an ORM to do the mapping from DB to persistence object, so doing null checks on that level would not work (as the same objects are used in parts where the null does not do any harm). I added this because the answers provided so far both mentioned this option. A: I would put the null checks in your mapping code, where you build your object from the result set. That puts the checking in one place, and won't allow your code to get halfway through processing a record before hitting an error. Depending on how your application flow works, you might want to perform the mapping of all the results as a pre-processing step instead of mapping and processing each record one at a time. If you're using an ORM then you'll have to perform all your null checks before processing each record. I'd recommend a recordIsValid(recordData)-type method, that way you can (again) keep all the null-checking and other validation logic in one place. I definitely wouldn't intermingle the null checks with the rest of your processing logic. A: It sounds like inserting a null is an error but you are afraid to enforce this error on insertion because you don't want to lose data. However, if a field shouldn't be null but is, you are losing data. Therefore the best solution is to ensure that null fields are not erroneously getting saved in the first place. To this end, enforce that the data is correct in the one authoritative, permanent repository for that data, the database. Do so by adding not null constraints. Then your code might fail but these failures immediately notify you of bugs, allowing you to correct issues that are already causing you to lose data. Now that you are easily able to identify bugs, test your code and test it twice. You'll be able to correct bugs leading to data loss and in the process, greatly simplify downstream processing of the data because you won't need to worry about nulls. A: In regard to this sentence in the question: This should "theoretically" not happen, so if it does it points to bad data or a bug in the code. I have always appreciated this quote (courtesy of this article): I find it amusing when novice programmers believe their main job is preventing programs from crashing. I imagine this spectacular failure argument wouldn't be so appealing to such a programmer. More experienced programmers realize that correct code is great, code that crashes could use improvement, but incorrect code that doesn't crash is a horrible nightmare. Basically: it sounds like you are endorsing Postel's Law, "be conservative in what you send, be liberal in what you accept". While great in theory, in practice this "robustness principle" leads to software that is not robust, at least in the long term -- and sometimes in the short term as well. (Compare Eric Allman's paper The Robustness Principle Reconsidered, which is a very thorough treatment of the subject, albeit mostly focused on network protocol use cases.) If you have programs that are incorrectly inserting data into your database, those programs are broken and need to be fixed. Papering over the problem only allows it to continue to get worse; this is the software engineering equivalent of enabling an addict to continue their addiction. Pragmatically speaking, though, sometimes you do need to enable "broken" behavior to continue, at least temporarily, especially as part of a seamless transition from a lax, broken state to a strict, correct state. In that case, you want to find a way to allow the incorrect insertions to succeed, but still allow the "canonical" data store to always be in a correct state. There are various ways to do this: Use a database trigger to convert malformed inserts into correct inserts, e.g. by replacing missing/null values with defaults Have the incorrect programs insert into a separate database table that is allowed to be "incorrect", and have a separate scheduled process or other mechanism that moves corrected data from that table into the canonical data store Use query-side filtering (e.g. a view) to ensure that the data retrieved from the database is always in a correct state, even if the data at rest is not One way to sidestep all of these issues is to insert an API layer that you control between programs that issue writes and the actual database. It sounds like part of your problem is that you don't even know all the places that are generating incorrect writes -- or that there are simply too many of them for you to update. That's a scary state to be in, but it should never have been allowed to arise in the first place. As soon as you get more than a handful of systems that are allowed to modify data in a canonical production data store you are going to be in trouble: there is no way to centrally maintain anything about that database. Better would be to allow as few processes as possible to issue writes, and use those as "gatekeepers" that can preprocess the data before inserting as necessary. The exact mechanism for this really depends on your specific architecture.
Only valid for active forum users. Active means at least 30 postings within the last 30 days (no spam postings). This will automatically being checked at www.starbike.com shopping basket so make sure that you are logged in at the WW board!If there does not appear a WW discount position when you check out you do not have enough postings! I mostly ride for the joy of it, but would like to challenge my PBs in a few hillclimbs and the occasional TT. They are typically 40min-1h efforts. My intervals last season were 2x20min (this year I want to try 3x15min) and 3x3min efforts, with some success, albeit not as good as I had been hoping for. This year I want to do some more training during the lunch break, and have been wondering if 10x2min hill repeats could help me, if put in the mix. I have a hill nearby and could fit the workout in. Sorry for being quite vague. I don't want to make a science project out of my training, so I'm not using a PM unit. I'm comfortable doing consistent intervals by speed (uphill) and HR, back in time when track running I only had time and distance either.Thanks for any advice. Last edited by HillRPete on Mon Feb 25, 2013 3:25 pm, edited 1 time in total. Cheers Tape, much appreciated, as always. I'm only starting to make plans slowly now. Would you see the 10x2min (20min effective) to elicit similar adaptations as the 3x3 (only 9min "load")? There was one short hillclimb, just under 15min, where I thought I benefited from the 3x3s, but in the longer ones I had hoped for more, that's why I'm pondering to shift from 2x20 and 3x3 to 3x15 and 10x2. (But to be honest, some overzealous pacing was also in play with one of the more disappointing results) If doing them with a 30sec rest interval (RI) , for example, they would draw more and more from the aerobic system. If the RI was longer it would allow more recovery and more of the anaerobic contributions. Not useful for your particular circumstance described. For a particular event anything more than ~1min, and definitely longer than 4mins will be determined by aerobic power. Hence all the things that go to building FTP will be the main focus. Main three ways to do this, push up the FTP, pull up the FTP or the sweet spot. All three can work, and to a point all three should be used. Push - the traditional concept of base then building on that and then a bit of speed/taper etc. Pull - the reverse periodisation model - shorter harder stuff, raise FTP, then go long (good for those in cold climates!) Sweet Spot - just hitting volume in the sweet spot range to drive FTP (wattage groups love this one). There are lots of other theories and methods that are used, and sometimes used well. The key thing to remember are the three key parts of ANY training - stimulus -> recovery -> adaptation. You need all three. Otherwise you're wasting your time. In a lot of riders I often see the first part done well. The next two... not so much. Some rest well, but under-eat, so the adaptation doesn't take place, they don't *recover*. And if you don't recover, and you introduce more stimuli you just start to go down, down, down. ...actually I don't think you asked about any of that, but I like to rant about these things. As you mentioned pacing is also crucial. Starting too hard will kill any TT, especially those of the uphill variety as there is no respite, no coasting and wind is less of a factor, hence as soon as the power drops, the speed drops. HR is unreliable in this manner to start so speed will have to be a proxy for power when you are practicing. The start should feel easy. Then settle into a goal pace for the interval/climb and then hold on for dear life. "Physiology is all just propaganda and lies... all waiting to be disproven by the next study.""I'm not a real doctor; But I am a real worm; I am an actual worm." - TMBG Had not mentioned rest interval, great you bring that up. Usually I'm doing the short intervals symmetrically, like 3x(3+3)min because they are the easiest to execute. I'm doing all my training outside, and also I like to think/calculate as little as possible, so I can focus the best. I'll definitely try the 10x(2+0.5)min once the snow is gone from the road Would you recommend to do them to exhaustion on the 10th repeat? The 2min with 2min recoveries could help build top end aerobic power. They could help raide vo2max, although not the best choice of effort duration for doing so. Depending on your particular vo2 kinetics you could hit vo2max for a fee seconds during each efforts. The 2min recoveries wont be long enough to allow full anaerobic system replenishment. Not sure you could handle 10x though, depending on target power. I have done some 10x(2+1:30ish) lately, and liking it way better than 3x(3+3) as my highest intensity exercise. The 3x3, as hard as it is, it's over quickly, and doing it regularly 1x per week, I didn't really improve after a few weeks. With the 10x2, while not going to total and entire exhaustion on each repetition, I get fairly close to it, and I can get a nice progression in training. Also it really pays off in the 2x20s when I go into the red over a hill, I feel that I'm recovering faster when pushing on. My schedule is primarily driven by work and family commitments, but if you have any input on potential improvements, that would be great. Main target for me are TTs (also uphill ones) in the 30-60min range. But really it's mostly about getting the best out of my limited time. maybe you could substitute the monday session with longer efforts uphills, something along the lines of 4-5 minutes at 110% of FTP with equal rest time. I usually aim at 15-25min of total work time. It would make a good aerobic workout and could contribute to lifting things up a little. Also, depending on current intensity, you could make friday 2 x 30min uphill at 90% of FTP, quite manageable and pretty good workout for your key events. Working for 2 x 30min uphill below FTP would also contribute to train your pacing strategy and feel. Thanks devinci. Will try the 4-5min ones, but they are hard to pace (no PM).Do you think an 1x60 around 90% would work too, in place of the 2x30? Really liking the thought of a sub-FTP workout to complement the 2x20/3x15. if i did a vo2 max one day and then a threshold workout on the following the day the threshold workout would suffer. even with a day of rest, JRA or sweetspot between the 2 i still don't know if i could get to 105% of ftp for both intervals. so yeah, by doing them back to back maybe you're not going to get all the quality you could possibly get from doing those sessions on a weekly basis.
Wing Arms Wing Arms Screenshots Sega has an eye-popping aerial combat game that should really turn some heads. It's called Wing Arms, and it looks fantastic. You're thrust into the cockpit of some of the deadliest planes in history--locked, loaded and ready to kick butt. Wing Arms uses texture-mapped polygons to generate missions that look very realistic. The Saturn hardware is really put to the test with this one. The world scrolls smoothly, and there are some impressive effects, like the tracers of your missiles. Wing Arms allows you to change your perspective as well. So if you don't like the cockpit view, you can switch to an exterior shot. If you are really bizarre, play with your plane flying at you. There are many types of missions, from hit-and-runs on aircraft carriers to mid-air dogfights. Each has its own challenges so you'll have to use your head when deciding which plane to use. It can mean the difference between life and death. After some hands-on playing. you'll find yourself having fun with this one. The flight engine may not be the most realistic, but it does play pretty well. The visuals are among the best seen on the Saturn. This is one of the better Saturn games. So far Wing Arms is one of the most visually impressive games for the Saturn. Enemy targets smoke as they take damage. The plane doesn't control realistically, but it is responsive. The different perspectives are nice, but they seem a bit awkward at times. The audio is poor, with the enemies making the sound of dying penguins as they're hit. Skip the poorly dubbed polygon cinemas. Overall, the gameplay is solid and it looks good. Wing Arms is worth getting. 6.5 There are a lot of flight sims on the market for the home systems, but most of them fall short on either the control or the graphics category. Wing Arms has the control, and comes pretty close with the graphics, but even though its a good solid game, I didn't get the excitement out of it I was expecting. The different planes are a nice feature to the game, but I ended up spending more time circling around looking for the enemies than actually dog fighting. 7.0 Wing Arms is a cool arcade sim that gives players a choice of seven different old wartime aircrafts that must be used to complete various missions. The graphics and sound do a good job at adding to the realism. The different views are a nice touch and help in various combat situations. The only drawback is that no matter which plane you choose; they all control the same. Overall, with the many different aircraft and missions, Wing Arms is a good arcade sim. 7.0 The question I keep asking myself is: Why am I in an outdated plane fighting to save the Earth? Even though the story makes little sense, Wing Arms remains a respectable flight shooter because of the level variety and the number of enemies to shoot. Different weapons for each plane would have been a nice addition but this doesn't affect the overall impression of this title. Players seeking a fast-playing title with lots of things to shoot need to check out Wing Arms.
The present invention relates to a collapsible wire cage of the type generally used for animal enclosures. Wire animal cages are often used for confining animals, either in a particular location such as a kennel, animal show or the like, or during transportation of animals from one location to another. It is desirable that such cages be collapsible for easy storage and handling when not in use, and a number of prior art animal cages have been of collapsible construction. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,058 of Smiler, for example, a collapsible cage is formed from six wire grille panels having detachable hinges which allow the cage to be separated into two pieces of three hinged sections each, which can be folded flat for storage. This has the disadvantage that two separate sections must be stored, with consequent difficulty in reassembling and risk of loosing one section. It is more difficult to carry two separate parts from a place of storage to a place where they are to be used, and the parts are separated by completely removing two hinge rods which also must be stored and may easily be lost. In U.S. Pat. No. 1,129,011 of Pyle a folding shipping crate is described which has top and bottom walls hinged to the respective side walls so that the top and one side wall can be folded flat against the bottom and other side wall. A similar collapsing arrangement is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,892,562 of Smithson. This has the disadvantage that a large rectangular area is required for storage, since the collapsed cage will have a length equal to the sum of the height of the side walls and the width of the top or bottom walls.
The pound as we currently know it relatively young, having only come into existence in 1971 following decimalisation. Nonetheless, the “pound” as a unit of currency in Great Britain goes right back to Saxon times and is said to be the world’s oldest currency still in use. It’s not quite clear when pound sterling started to be used in Wales, but Anglo-Norman coins are said to have been in circulation prior to the Laws in Wales Acts alongside some local currencies. There are two major events that have shaped the pound as it is today. Firstly, Black Wednesday (16th September 1992). Prior to that date, the UK was taking part in the mechanism designed to prepare EU member states for the introduction of the single European currency (known as the ERM). The pound was at a fixed exchange rate with the Deutschmark, but a combination of the fallout from German reunification and poor economic performance at home saw the UK withdraw from the ERM. This is significant because it dis-attached the UK from the euro and set the pound further apart as a stand-alone currency. Secondly, independence for the Bank of England in 1998. Prior to then, the government set interest rates, but following the Bank’s independence, responsibility for monetary policy would rest with the Monetary Policy Commission. The UK Government retained a “leash” by setting inflation targets, which if exceeded or undershot by more than 1% require a written explanation from the Governor of the Bank of England to the UK Chancellor. So the key message to take from this is the pound is a stable, stand-alone currency with minimal formal government interference in monetary policy. The Requirements A three-way formal currency union agreement between Wales, England and the Bank of England – This would have to be negotiated and finalised in the period between any successful independence referendum and independence itself, which could last 18 months to two years. Such an agreement could include: Measures similar to the EU’s finance and stability pact (which means Wales agreeing to keep budget deficits under control). Some measure of harmonisation of tax rates – in particular VAT and corporation tax (to prevent a “tax war”/race to the bottom). A Welsh appointee to the Monetary Policy Committee and the Bank of England’s executive board, with the Welsh Finance Minister treated equally (in communications on inflation etc.) to the English Chancellor of the Exchequer. Giving the Welsh Government the power to issue bonds/unlimited borrowing. Retaining the Bank of England as the central bank – This could either be done literally (a sharing of the bank) or Wales taking a ~4.9% stake in the Bank of England as a shareholder, meaning Wales gets that percentage of everything in terms of representations, votes etc. This would effectively be a continuation of current arrangements, and leave the Bank of England responsible for providing liquidity (the ability to meet obligations) to banks, acting as a “lender of last resort” (when banks or other institutions can’t find enough finance privately), issuing currency itself, maintaining currency reserves and formulating monetary policy. Fulfilling our obligations on the UK’s National Debt (totalling ~£1.8trillion) – It’s highly unlikely Wales would be allowed to join a “Sterling Zone” without taking an appropriate amount of national debt. Alex Salmond threatened to walk away from it had Scotland been denied a monetary union (which is a legitimate threat), but doing so would probably cause Wales long-term public borrowing problems. The Cardiff University “Welsh GERS” report from 2016 (pdf) estimated a proportional share of Welsh debt interest payments (within the UK) at £1.6billion in 2014-15. Having a stable currency union may reduce borrowing costs through an improved credit rating. At-a-Glance Assessment Autonomy – As mentioned, monetary policy would be set by the Bank of England, which may or may not have Welsh representation and input. However, any decision – even with Welsh input – would likely be to the benefit of the majority interests of the currency union (i.e. England). Convertibility – The pound is a free-floating currency (like most of the world’s currencies) meaning its exchange rate is determined by market demand. There’s some uncertainty over the value of the pound since the EU referendum, having fallen to some of the lowest exchange rates seen for a long time and its status as a major convertible currency seems uncertain; but it’s not likely to be a huge problem. A post-Brexit weak pound may even be a more attractive option for Wales as we export more. Credibility – There are no doubts that it would be a credible option for Wales at a practical level. Although the pound sterling isn’t a global currency in the same way as the dollar it’s usually been above reproach and its longevity is a testament to that. Stability – The currency union itself would be asymmetrical (I come back to this later) and if there are sizable public spending deficits in an independent Wales, then that could cause problems in addition to the aforementioned concerns over Brexit – particularly if the UK can’t get a good free-trade deal with the EU. Best be on guard. Foreign trade – Again Brexit will have an impact, but it’s not as if the pound is “monopoly money”. As mentioned, a weaker-than-usual pound could be attractive to an export-reliant economy like Wales, but that doesn’t mean it’ll last forever. Identity – It would be possible for Wales to have a “Welsh pound” in terms of appearance, much like Scottish bank notes or currency on the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. In practical terms, however, it would be no different to the pound used now. Mobility – Movement between Wales and England (as well as any other part of the “pound area”) would be seamless, so there would be no inconvenience in terms of travel, purchasing or monetary transfers. Mobility beyond Great Britain would be as currently – meaning a requirement to exchange currencies. Synchronicity of economic cycles – There would have to be at least some alignment of fiscal policy (tax and spending) and business cycles. It’s almost certain there would need to be a banking union too, with shared or aligned financial regulations, deposit guarantee schemes and access to a lender of last resort and liquidity facilities. Again any decisions here would likely be to the benefit of the majority interest (i.e. England); this wouldn’t necessarily be in Wales’ interest, particularly if we want to create a banking and financial sector of our own. Key Advantages Minimum disruption – As the risk of repeating myself, a sterling currency union would be virtually seamless. It would provide some measure of reassurance to businesses and the population that, for example, you won’t have to change currencies to shop in Bristol or Chester (though with the increasing use of debit and credit cards it’s unlikely to matter much anyway). The only real disruption, if any, would be to government as part of the negotiation process. A currency union with our largest trading partner – A pound currency union would maintain Anglo-Welsh trade (and trade with the rest of the former UK if Scotland and Northern Ireland keep the pound too). It would also maintain capital movement between Wales and England through a uniform set of financial regulations (this won’t always be to Wales’ benefit) and create an “economy of scale” when it comes to liquidity, investment and competition. Historic stability – Wales would be relieved of the administrative burden of setting up our own Central Bank. Tthe Bank of England has a pretty good reputation and would be in a better starting position than the euro zone. In terms of on-the-ground stability, it would be the easiest option due to the continuation of current fiscal conditions. The Bank of England’s independence (for now) also means there’ll be little political interference and the Governor and their committees can maintain a level of objectivity – so there’s no prospect of a sudden devaluation or rampant hyperinflation, but there’s always a risk that the UK Treasury would take the functions back in house, which could mean Welsh monetary policy being decided by the English government. Key Disadvantages Would Wales really be independent? – Keeping the pound would do just as much if not more to cede sovereignty to another place (in this case the Bank of England) than EU membership. Wales wouldn’t be able to set interest rates; we would be fixed into a, perhaps unfavourable, exchange rate and strong currency; we would be unlikely to have the ability to regulate our own finance sector; taxes, borrowing and spending would have to be kept on a tight leash to placate both the English government and Bank of England – over which we would have little to no influence. In many respects, a currency union would be “independence-lite” or “devo max-plus”. This may, however, be enough to convince independence sceptics that there would be some measure of stability. Is the pound (historically) valued too high for Wales? – The pound has dropped in value since the EU referendum and, in theory, this should help Welsh exporters – the preliminary evidence suggesting it has. That hasn’t always been the case and for the last 15-20 years you could argue securing the position of the City of London as Europe’s premier financial city has come at the expense of manufacturing through a “strong pound” (Part I). In terms of fiscal transfers (the “subsidy” Wales receives from the rest of the UK), this means a managed economic decline in Wales has been offset by increased tax take and spend (until the Great Recession), but it also means Wales has been locked into a monetary policy that doesn’t play to our strengths. For example, the incremental increase in the vale of the pound since Black Wednesday could’ve contributed to Wales’ current productivity crisis/Offa’s Gap due to the effect it would’ve had on the steel industry and inward investment. Asymmetry; it’s not in England’s interest – Much like the euro zone, accommodating member states of a monetary union with a very broad range of economic performance and no political union has the potential to cause instability. In the event of a major fiscal crisis, England (and/or Scotland and Northern Ireland) would have to bail Wales out by virtue of being 20 times our size, but it would be impossible for the opposite to happen; it’s not as if Wales could bail England out on anything other than natural resources and military manpower. So while it’s the easiest/most obvious option, it’s not necessarily the best one for a newly independent country. Conclusion Maintaining a currency union/a pound zone (which sounds like a discount retailer) is a perfectly legitimate option and, if you’re minded to “play it safe”, arguably the best option of the ones on the table. We know what to expect from it and it’s stable. Immediately following independence it probably would be the best option, even if it’s a temporary measure until Wales decides differently. Wales could probably negotiate a rolling 5-10 year deal whereby we keep the pound under review until the state apparatus is at such a level as we can consider other, more suitable, options. The major drawback would be economically chaining ourselves to England when we should be trying to look outwards, not inwards. That fear of taking a risk could lead to money continuing to be sucked out of Wales (banking, for instance) and keeping a currency that plays to England’s strengths and suits England’s needs, but not our own.
Q: Some of my Hindi characters are not showing correctly in my CHtmlView (xml.xsl). Why? MFC Dialog VS2015 My application uses a CHtmlView browser. In this context is it a hidden browser that is purely used to fire the print preview mechanism. I have just started to add support for printing webpages with Hindi content. When my application is displaying the Print Preview (via CHtmlView), sometimes the text is not showing correctly: The content being displayed is an image with text overlay. Simple stuff. The font is Arial Unicode MS. The data is XML using a XSL template. If I open the same file directly in Internet Explorer 11: As you can see, it has shown the same text correctly. And if I right-click in IE11, and view source, and copy it into Microsoft Expression Web 4: Again, it all looks good. So why is the CHtmlView print preview not displaying it correctly? If you have any ideas as to why this may be happening I would like to know. The other 30 languages I support (including Arabic does not suffer this problem). This is the head section of the HTML. And I confirm that the HTML file is UTF-8 encoded: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html lang="hi" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title> Assignment Slips </title> <style type="text/css"> body { font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; font-size: 10pt; } .containerPage { } .containerSlip{ float:left; position: relative; margin: 3mm; } .fieldName { position: absolute; left: 45px; top: 48px; width: 265px; } .fieldAssisant { position: absolute; left: 63px; top: 85px; width: 246px; } .fieldDate { position: absolute; left: 56px; top: 124px; width: 254px; } .fieldCounsel { position: absolute; left: 76px; top: 158px; width: 230px; } .fieldOther { position: absolute; left: 77px; top: 291px; width: 155px; font-size: 8pt; } .checkBibleReading { position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 215px; width: 15px; } .checkInitialCall { position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 232px; width: 15px; } .checkReturnVisit { position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 248px; width: 15px; } .checkBibleStudy { position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 267px; width: 15px; } .checkOther { position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 285px; width: 15px; } .checkMainHall { position: absolute; left: 176px; top: 215px; width: 15px; } .checkAuxClass1 { position: absolute; left: 176px; top: 232px; width: 15px; } .checkAuxClass2 { position: absolute; left: 176px; top: 248px; width: 15px; } </style> </head> But please keep in mind that the content of the hidden CHtmlView (which fires the Print Preview) is the result of the XML/XSL translformation. This is the XSL template: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="html" indent="yes" version="4.01" doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" doctype-public="//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <xsl:attribute name="lang"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings//LanguageCode"/> </xsl:attribute> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <xsl:attribute name="href"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Template/@Style"/> </xsl:attribute> </link> <title> <!--<xsl:value-of select="//Labels/ReportTitleWorksheets"/>--> Assignment Slips </title> <style type="text/css"> @import url('<xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Template/@Style"/>'); </style> </head> <body> <xsl:for-each select="AssignmentSlips/Page"> <div class="containerPage"> <xsl:if test="@PageBreakBefore=1"> <br style="page-break-before: always;"/> </xsl:if> <xsl:for-each select="StudentSlip"> <div class="containerSlip"> <img alt="s89" width="323px" height="429px"> <xsl:attribute name="src"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Template"/> </xsl:attribute> </img> <div class="fieldName"> <xsl:attribute name="dir"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Direction"/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="Student"/> </div> <div class="fieldAssisant"> <xsl:attribute name="dir"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Direction"/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="Assistant"/> </div> <div class="fieldDate"> <xsl:attribute name="dir"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Direction"/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="Date"/> </div> <div class="fieldCounsel"> <xsl:attribute name="dir"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Direction"/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="StudyPoint"/> </div> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="Assignment=1"> <div class="checkBibleReading">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Assignment=2"> <div class="checkInitialCall">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Assignment=3"> <div class="checkReturnVisit">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Assignment=4"> <div class="checkBibleStudy">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Assignment=5"> <div class="checkOther">✓</div> <div class="fieldOther"> <xsl:attribute name="dir"> <xsl:value-of select="//Settings/Direction"/> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="Other"/> </div> </xsl:when> </xsl:choose> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="Location=1"> <div class="checkMainHall">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Location=2"> <div class="checkAuxClass1">✓</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="Location=3"> <div class="checkAuxClass2">✓</div> </xsl:when> </xsl:choose> </div> </xsl:for-each> </div> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> But I confirm that I keep getting this sporadic problem of some characters not showing right in my specific print preview. A: I want to provide a new answer for this issue. What I had to do was get the CHtmlView to use the latest installed Internet Explorer browser. This can be achieved by inserting this meta data directly after the <head> tag, like this: <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> So the <head> element might look like this: <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <style type="text/css"> /* Styles here */ </style> <title>Document Title</title> </head> Since my HTML document is created using a XSL transformation I was able to include the above meta. The only side effect of using the latest browser was that my page-breaks were no longer working. But I was able to change my HTML syntax to get them working again. A simple code change to the HTML file will get it to use the latest installed browser. No more font corruption!
Related Tags: The Mets held their annual Kids Holiday Party on Tuesday at Citi Field, and several players – Daniel (Santa) Murphy, Jonathon Niese and Justin Turner – as well as general manager Sandy Alderson – were in attendance. With backup catcher Ronny Paulino being non-tendered at the midnight deadline on Monday, Alderson was asked if that move signified that Mike Nickeas could assume that role behind Josh Thole for the upcoming season. That Triple-A catcher Alderson mentioned is Lucas May whom the Mets just signed. May played for two organizations in 2011 – Arizona and Kansas City – and in 248 combined AB, hit .238 with 10 HR and 44 RBI. Along with May, the Mets also claimed RHP Jeremy Hefner off waivers from the Pirates. Hefner – who was drafted twice previously by the Mets – went 9-7 with a 4.98 ERA in 28 Triple-A starts this past season. In addition, the club also signed journeyman LHP Garrett Olson. Alderson is definitely looking for rotation depth on the waiver wire or the non-tender list, but there is a hitch. Turner’s role is less defined for 2012, but he will likely come off the bench to back up at second and the corners. How did he feel about last year’s sometime double-play partner – Jose Reyes – leaving and going to a division rival in Miami? Turner hit the wall toward the end of the 2011 season. This was a guy who had all of 35 total major league AB in the previous two seasons combined, yet played in 117 games last year with 435 AB. Turner’s taking precautions that he’ll have plenty of gas left in the tank this year.
After the 2010 season, Jeff Zimmerman posted a series of articles on FanGraphs using regression models to try and predict the probability that a starting pitcher would get injured. It makes a lot of sense that he’d focus on pitchers. After all, the saying is “pitchers break.” Yet for the 2016 Mets, “everyone breaks” may be more appropriate. Every Opening Day starter except Curtis Granderson and Michael Conforto spent time on the disabled list. Can we predict how likely hitters are to get injured in 2017? To try and answer this question I combined injury data from Baseball Prospectus’ transaction tracker with Retrosheet’s play-by-play data from 2010-2016. I’m going to do a lot with this data set, but I will start with the yes/no question of whether someone goes on the disabled list because it is the easiest to answer. Zimmerman used a logistic regression model, which is specifically designed for outcomes that either occur or do not occur. I’ll do the same, and explain a few of the most important technical details as we go, but save as much of the #gorymath specifics for the footnotes at the end as I can. Zimmerman’s model for pitchers, based on 2002-2010 data, is remarkably straightforward. He found that the older a starting pitcher is, the more likely that pitcher gets injured. Pitchers who had been injured more of the previous three years are also more likely to get hurt this season. Controlling for these variables, pitchers who made more starts over the last three seasons were more durable than their peers. I started out trying something similar for hitters. The only change I made was loosening the minimum standards for games played / years of track record to get in the regression model, because higher standards didn’t make the models any more predictive. My minimum is two seasons and at least 100 games played in my dataset. Setting this more inclusive standard makes sure I don’t pre-emptively exclude a player like David Wright because of his career-threatening injuries. My initial results were very different than Zimmerman’s: (full model below) Prior years with injury (out of the last two): Increase probability of injury this year around 6.5 percent per prior year with an injury. Logistic regression is based on multiplying the effect of each independent variable instead of adding, so any number like 6.5 percent is a rough estimate. Age at midpoint of season: Each additional year of age increases a hitter’s probability of injury by around 0.36 percent. This is much smaller than we’d expect and not close to statistically significant (p = 0.236) Games played, last two years: Each additional game played increases a player’s chance of getting injured by 0.048 percent. It’s tiny, but considering the wide range of games played this was still statistically significant at the 0.001 level. This is when I started backing away from the computer very slowly. Is there a bug somewhere? Did I make some sort of programming error? It’s almost impossible to believe that games played could be a sign of fragility and age would not have a statistically significant impact on the chance of a position player getting injured. After spending some time getting fresh air and looking away from the computer, I went back to my regression model for hitters. I started by copying Zimmerman’s decisions for pitchers, because it’s important to know if hitters face similar injury risks. However, there are a number of reasons why hitter injuries could be different than pitcher injuries. Starting pitcher injuries are overwhelmingly related to the violence of pitching mechanics and the strain it puts on different parts of the arm. Hitters’ injuries are spread throughout the body. They could be caused by fielding or hitting. The relationship between age and injury could also be different because my data comes from an era when baseball has clamped down on PEDs. After testing different possibilities for games played, plate appearances, prior injuries and age, the best logistic regression model I came up with for hitters looks considerably different than Zimmerman’s pitchers model. I’ll give the quick explanation of what I did, one graph with all my results, some predictions for the 2017 Mets, then explain in more detail why hitters’ injuries seem to be different than pitchers. Injury History: How many times did the player go on the DL in the last two years? Players who keep going on and off the DL are more likely to go back on the DL. (I tried other measures like days on DL.) How many times did the player go on the DL in the last two years? Players who keep going on and off the DL are more likely to go back on the DL. (I tried other measures like days on DL.) Age: Is the player over 32 in the current season? Is the player over 32 in the current season? Injures & Age: An “interaction term”–something I can use to test whether old players coming off injures are even more susceptible to re-injury than younger players. The whole injury risk is much greater than the sum of the parts. An “interaction term”–something I can use to test whether old players coming off injures are even more susceptible to re-injury than younger players. The whole injury risk is greater than the sum of the parts. Games Played: Did the player appear in at least 139 MLB games the past two seasons combined? After hitting this point, any increase in durability is largely balanced out by additional wear and tear plus added risk of freak injury. Because age and games played are yes/no variables, I can put all the possible outcomes on one graph. (The equation is below.) I measured probabilities from 0 to 1; multiply by 100 to get the percentage chance of injury. Based on these results, I computed predictions for all the Mets who could receive considerable playing time in 2017: Player Prior Injuries Over 32? % Chance of 2017 Injury Jay Bruce 0 N 35.90% Asdrubal Cabrera 2 N 40.70% Yoenis Cespedes 1 N 38.30% Michael Conforto 0 N 35.90% Travis d’Arnaud 3 N 43.20% Lucas Duda 2 N 40.70% Wilmer Flores 1 N 38.30% Curtis Granderson 0 Y 33.10% Juan Lagares 2 N 40.70% Jose Reyes 2 Y 52.80% Neil Walker 1 N 38.30% David Wright 2 Y 42.20% A number of things in this regression model are counter-intuitive. I think the best way to explain what’s going on is by using various Mets as examples: Jose Reyes – Old and Injury Prone My regression model suggests it’s more likely than not that Jose Reyes will get injured again in 2017. I doubt this is a surprise to Mets fans. He strained his oblique last year and cracked a rib in 2015. I cut off prior injuries after two years, so I’m not factoring in his major ankle injury in 2013 or his recurring hamstring problems. Reyes has always been at least somewhat injury-prone, but the risk has mounted as he’s gotten older. The big contribution of my regression model is that we shouldn’t just add age risk plus prior injury risk to determine the total risk of injury. Each additional prior injury had four times the effect on a player’s likelihood of getting injured this season if that player was over 32. Curtis Granderson – Old But Low Risk? At 35 years old, Granderson is the oldest position player on the Mets’ roster. He’s also the least likely to get injured according to my regression model. Age and durability don’t really go together! That’s a basic tenet of qualitative and quantitative approaches. So what’s going on here? First of all, there’s a difference between needing more scheduled days of rest versus getting injured and going on the disabled list. Even if Granderson stays healthy, we’d expect him to need more rest at this point. I double-checked my data with a separate regression model for games played and it works like we’d expect: position players play fewer games as they get older and they play more games if they’ve been regulars the last two years.3 If an older player has been able to avoid injury, they have probably learned something about how to keep their body from wearing down. They also have some good luck, and a team that knows when to give rest. Putting all these things together, older players with no injuries in the past two seasons may be a little less likely to get injured than their younger peers. This difference is not close to statistically significant (p = 0.45), but it’s still important to keep in the regression model.4 David Wright – Shouldn’t he be 100%? These predictions don’t include spring training injuries unless someone starts on the disabled list. I’m pulling out David Wright’s prediction because it shows just how unusual his medical condition is among professional baseball players. Wright is suffering from a degenerative spinal condition that can lead to other major symptoms, like his recent shoulder injury. My regression model doesn’t separate different kinds of injuries. That’s why Lucas Duda and Asdrubal Cabrera have the same injury risk. I could eventually separate back injuries from knee tendons. However, there’s no way I can separate spinal stenosis from its symptoms. David Wright will be a tragic outlier in any regression model because there aren’t enough cases of degenerative conditions to make them a separate variable. Lucas Duda & Asdrubal Cabrera – Didn’t One of Them Miss More Time? Duda missed most of the season with his back injury, while Asdrubal Cabrera only missed 15 days. They both suffered minor injuries in 2015. If Duda missed more time this year, doesn’t it seem like he should be a bigger injury risk this year? I was a bit surprised to see that total DL trips was a better predictor than days on the DL. I think this is a big difference between hitters and pitchers. If pitchers have a major injury, it’s probably their elbow or shoulder. If they return to baseball, they will continue to place far more stress on those body parts than anything else. Since hitters distribute stress a bit more evenly throughout the body, they won’t always be straining the body part that was severely injured last year. Travis d’Arnaud – Injury Magnet? The Mets’ young catcher fractured a finger on his throwing hand in April 2015. He returned on June 10 but was back to the DL two weeks later, this time with a sprained left elbow. d’Arnaud missed almost two months in 2016 with a strained right rotator cuff. When Zimmerman studied pitchers he capped them at one injury per year, because all of a pitcher’s arm injuries tend to be related to each other. Hitters can keep having relatively unrelated injuries, like d’Arnaud has the last two years. That’s why total trips to the DL was a better predictor than the number of years with an injury. Eric Campbell – A “Special” Way to Avoid Injury Regular BP Mets readers probably have celebrated when they saw the Mets let Eric Campbell go after consecutive below-replacement seasons. If Campbell was still in the majors, my model would give him just a 27 percent chance of getting injured this year. Is he really more durable than any active Met? I doubt it. The reason Campbell’s injury risk would be so low is because he wasn’t good enough to get off the bench! Players who were in the bottom 25 percent of games played the past two seasons are predicted to get injured around 34 percent less often this season than their more active peers, controlling for other variables.5 There seems to be a certain baseline level of injury risk in playing baseball, just like there is for any other sport. Playing every day shows durability and the ability to play through pain. However it also exposes players to more risk, between straining muscles, collisions and misplaced 95 mph fastballs. When it comes to predicting whether or not a position player gets injured, these factors largely balance out. We need to see if players who proved their durability in the past will recover more quickly if they get hurt, but this requires a much more complex statistical model. Check back next week for an explanation of why it’s so hard to model. Here’s your #gorymath footnotes: 1: Logistic regression tries to predict the probability of an event occurring – in this case an injury – by putting every independent variable in to the equation Pr(injury) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (-z)). e is the mathematical constant 2.718 z is a full algebraic equation, like we’d see in a more basic regression model. z when copying Zimmerman’s independent variables = .0156 * age this season + .2814 * prior years w/ DL stint + .0021 * games played the last two years – 1.623 Positive regression coefficients for the equation z mean injury is more likely. Logistic regression uses a different formula from more basic regression models to ensure all outcomes are between 0 and 1. 2: Here is the better-fitting logistic regression model I used: Pr(injury) = 1 / (1 + e ^ (-z)). In my model, z = .1017 * DL visits the past 2 years + .3059 * DL visits the past 2 years if the player is over 32 years old – .126 if the player is over 32 years old – .417 if the player played under 139 games the last two years – .5785 Writing out the equation gets much simpler if we write out two separate equations based on player age: 32 and under: z = .1017 * DL visits the past 2 years – .417 if the player played under 139 games the last two years – .5785 33 and older: z = .4077 * DL visits the past 2 years – .126 * 1 – .417 if the player played under 139 games the last two years – .5785 3: The bare bones OLS regression model I used is games played = .3253 * games played the last two seasons – 2.731 * age this year + 4.449 * injuries the past two seasons. It’s pretty straightforward except for that positive coefficient for injuries. I suspect this is a survivor bias. Players who can’t come back from injury or don’t get a chance to will be dropped from the model. (We can debate whether a Poisson model is more appropriate than OLS but the results are similar enough for a footnote.) 4: Every independent variable affects our predicted outcome, even if it is not statistically significant. There’s a strong reason to keep some variable to represent age in the regression model, even if none of them are statistically significant. Our prior knowledge about baseball says age could affect injury risk. We learn more by keeping it in the model. This is particularly important when we have an interaction term. One of the common mistakes people make when learning this method is including the interaction term but forgetting the baseline variable. 5: I can’t directly test whether players who rarely played in the past stayed relatively inactive for the season that counts for the dependent variable. If I put something like games played this season in the model, many players are either playing or injured. To test whether players who rarely played in the past tend to stay on the bench, I did a t-test of whether these players get fewer plate appearances per game they play in this season. If anything, this measure should be biased towards similarity, since regulars fighting through injury may be relegated to pinch hitting duty. As a group, players who were relatively inactive in the past averaged significantly fewer plate appearances per game (p = 0.001). Photo Credit: Steve Mitchell-USA TODAY Sports
2020 SaskTel Tankard The 2020 SaskTel Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Saskatchewan, was held from January 29 to February 2 at the Horizon Credit Union Centre in Melville, Saskatchewan. The winning Matt Dunstone rink will represent Saskatchewan at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario, Canada's national men's curling championship. Matt Dunstone won his 2nd SaskTel Tankard when he defeated former teammate Kirk Muyres 4–2 in the final. Teams The teams are listed as follows: Knockout Draw Brackets A Event B Event C Event {{16TeamBracket-Compact-NoSeeds-Byes | RD1 = Third Knockout | RD2 = | RD3 = | RD4 = Qualifier 3 | team-width = 150px | RD1-team05 = Lloyd Fell | RD1-score05 = 7 | RD1-team06 = Brad Heidt | RD1-score06 = 8 | RD1-team11 = Steve Howard | RD1-score11 = 9 | RD1-team12 = Brady Kendel | RD1-score12 = 6 | RD2-team03 = Brad Heidt | RD2-score03 = 3 | RD2-team04 = Brent Gedak | RD2-score04 = 9 | RD2-team05 = Ryan Deis | RD2-score05 = 2 | RD2-team06 = Steve Howard | RD2-score06 = 8 | RD3-team01 = Josh Heidt | RD3-score01 = 11 | RD3-team02 = Brent Gedak | RD3-score02 = 9 | RD3-team03 = Steve Howard | RD3-score03 = 8 | RD3-team04 = Jason Jacobson | RD3-score04 = 10 | RD4-team01 = Josh Heidt | RD4-score01 = 5 | RD4-team02 = Jason Jacobson | RD4-score02 = '6 }} Playoffs A vs. BSaturday, February 1, 7:00 pmC1 vs. C2Saturday, February 1, 7:00 pmSemifinalSaturday, February 2, 9:30 amFinalSunday, February 2, 2:30 pm'' References External links Category:2020 Tim Hortons Brier Category:Curling in Saskatchewan Category:2020 in Saskatchewan SaskTel Tankard SaskTel Tankard
Recommended Posts I have a vast length of woods and drive way... and I want to have lights all along it... This statement and the one below raises a concern. How long is your "vast length"? 46 minutes ago, Septon said: And man... CAT 5... I LOVE IT!! Making my life seem so easy. It works fine? Cat-5 is 24 AWG wire which is pretty small. A 10W flood is a little over a quarter amp per color at 12 volts which is not a lot. However running a long distance may cause problems with voltage drop. 24AWG copper wire has just over 25 ohms of resistance for every 1,000 feet. So, let's say your driveway requires 250 feet of wire, that would be about 6 ohms. With a quarter amp, that would be about a volt and a half drop in each direction, so the 12 volts would be down to about nine volts. By comparison, 18 AWG is about six ohms per thousand feet. Just something to keep in mind. Santas Helper's runs are fairly short by comparison which may be why it works well for him. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites This statement and the one below raises a concern. How long is your "vast length"? Cat-5 is 24 AWG wire which is pretty small. A 10W flood is a little over a quarter amp per color at 12 volts which is not a lot. However running a long distance may cause problems with voltage drop. 24AWG copper wire has just over 25 ohms of resistance for every 1,000 feet. So, let's say your driveway requires 250 feet of wire, that would be about 6 ohms. With a quarter amp, that would be about a volt and a half drop in each direction, so the 12 volts would be down to about nine volts. By comparison, 18 AWG is about six ohms per thousand feet. Just something to keep in mind. Santas Helper's runs are fairly short by comparison which may be why it works well for him. Share on other sites But based on your theory, I could run 2 10watt per 4 channel if I twisted the wires together right? And still run a 12 30a 360w? (In theory) Looking at the last part first. You could max out at 36 10 watt floods on a single 360 watt power supply - although I personally would not want to exceed 28 (80% max load on the power supply). The power supply and CMB24D could handle that. On your first part, I assume you mean running two floods per three channels (not four). That would be eight pairs of floods for the board or 16 floods total. That would be well within the capabilities of the CMB24D and the power supply.. For your question about twisting the wires together, I assume you meant run a separate cable for each flood and twist the wires together at the CMB24D to connect to the controller. That would not be a problem. If you are running larger wire, you could run a single four conductor cable from the controller (one wire each for Red, Green, Blue, & Common +V), and then split that to two cables out near the two floods that will be lit the same if that would save some cable. May depend on how you want to arrange the lights. That description does not tell two important things. For our purposes, the lights need to have a common positive and switched negative voltage. I can't find anywhere on that description if that is the case. The other is if the light has a built in controller that is expecting something like a DMX command, or has a remote to control it. There is no mention of a controller or remote, so I would guess that it does not have one. The polarity is also not mentioned, so it may or may not be correct - can't tell... Share this post Link to post Share on other sites Looking at the last part first. You could max out at 36 10 watt floods on a single 360 watt power supply - although I personally would not want to exceed 28 (80% max load on the power supply). The power supply and CMB24D could handle that. On your first part, I assume you mean running two floods per three channels (not four). That would be eight pairs of floods for the board or 16 floods total. That would be well within the capabilities of the CMB24D and the power supply.. For your question about twisting the wires together, I assume you meant run a separate cable for each flood and twist the wires together at the CMB24D to connect to the controller. That would not be a problem. If you are running larger wire, you could run a single four conductor cable from the controller (one wire each for Red, Green, Blue, & Common +V), and then split that to two cables out near the two floods that will be lit the same if that would save some cable. May depend on how you want to arrange the lights. That description does not tell two important things. For our purposes, the lights need to have a common positive and switched negative voltage. I can't find anywhere on that description if that is the case. The other is if the light has a built in controller that is expecting something like a DMX command, or has a remote to control it. There is no mention of a controller or remote, so I would guess that it does not have one. The polarity is also not mentioned, so it may or may not be correct - can't tell... OK... so Awesome, I was thinking of running 16 tops, so 8 Pair! Like the daisy chain idea. As for the rest... I am on a "SLOOOOOW CHAT" with these guys I will ask them. I am 90% there... If I get this part squared away I learned a lot today, and will have to learn how to program RBG haha. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites That description does not tell two important things. For our purposes, the lights need to have a common positive and switched negative voltage. I can't find anywhere on that description if that is the case. The other is if the light has a built in controller that is expecting something like a DMX command, or has a remote to control it. There is no mention of a controller or remote, so I would guess that it does not have one. The polarity is also not mentioned, so it may or may not be correct - can't tell... Ok... here is the response. It has two wires, the anode and cathode, which directly connect the 12V voltage Share this post Link to post Share on other sites I wouldn't recommend that wire as it is 22awg wire. For the longer runs you want to go with a thicker wire, 18awg minimum as the issue with the longer runs is the voltage drop due to resistance in the wire. Thicker wire such as 18awg or better would mean less voltage drop over the longer span. Ditto. maybe for very 12V sort runs (forget it for 5Vruns over 3') 40', I would do 16Ga minimum for a 5M strip (~4A). bump it anothe ga (14) for longer or 2 strips. Share on other sites The funny part is that the header at the top says it's 12 volts. Sounds like these dudes don't know what they are doing. Likely too much Copy and Paste between specs. Translation: No idea what you would actually be getting. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites The funny part is that the header at the top says it's 12 volts. Sounds like these dudes don't know what they are doing. Likely too much Copy and Paste between specs. Translation: No idea what you would actually be getting. +1, just keep it simple and find one that actually has the four wires coming out. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites The funny part is that the header at the top says it's 12 volts. Sounds like these dudes don't know what they are doing. Likely too much Copy and Paste between specs. Translation: No idea what you would actually be getting. Ok I will try another again. If I can find those Lights for $10-15 I will do CMD24 if not, I will . If not, I will go with the CTB 16
Has anyone found 70% deals in San Antonio? I've been looking for SFR that meet the 70% ARV minus repairs in San Antonio but have not had much luck. Is this something that is not going to work in this seller's market? Should I raise my maximum purchase price? I've been looking for about 5 months and have gotten offers rejected when I try to use this formula. Any guidance will be appreciated! I buy sub 70% deals from time to time, but 70% is no longer the norm in San Antonio. As the retail market has improved so has the distressed asset market. I am typically seeing deals in the 73% - 75% range and sometimes as high as 80%. This has caused a shift in buying trending to high acquisition price because even at a higher percentage there is still a good enough spread to make the deal worth it. I tell my clients all the time, if you have the means, invest in buy-and-hold properties. It's still a better return that the market, and it's passive income. Otherwise, flip higher end homes, and make sure you have the capital to deal with the holding costs. @Seth Teel Yes, I've been seeing deals from 73%-80% as well. You mentioned that you tell your clients all the time that if they have the means, to invest in buy-and-hold properties. Does your recommendation change depending on the market? For example, in the current market, is it better to buy and hold? When, if ever, do you recommend flipping, or other strategies? I am working on my second buy and hold deal, but it was closer to 75%. @Joe Gore Joe, excuse the question, but aren't all REO's on the market? I'm still new and thought that all the REO's were on the MLS since banks wanted to get rid of them ASAP. Also, you said that I would get rejected with the 70% rule, is that something that is happening just because of the current market or is that something that just doesn't work here in San Antonio at all? Free eBook from BiggerPockets! Join BiggerPockets and get The Ultimate Beginner's Guide to Real Estate Investing for FREE - read by more than 100,000 people - AND get exclusive real estate investing tips, tricks and techniques delivered straight to your inbox twice weekly!
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>订单详情</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <!-- jquery --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <!-- jquery-validator --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/jquery-validation/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/jquery-validation/localization/messages_zh.min.js"></script> <!-- layer --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/layer/layer.js"></script> <!-- md5.js --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/md5.min.js"></script> <!-- common.js --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/common.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><h1>秒杀订单详情</h1></div> <table class="table" id="goodslist"> <tr> <td>商品名称</td> <td id="goodsName" colspan="3"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>商品图片</td> <td colspan="2"><img id="goodsImg" width="200" height="200"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td>订单价格</td> <td colspan="2" id="orderPrice"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>下单时间</td> <td id="createDate" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>订单状态</td> <td id="orderStatus"> </td> <td> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" id="payButton">立即支付</button> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>收货人</td> <td colspan="2" id="username"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>联系方式</td> <td colspan="2" id="phone"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>收货地址</td> <td colspan="2">北京市昌平区回龙观龙博一区</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html> <script> // 这个函数在跳转到这个页面时立即执行 $(function () { getOrderDetail(); }); function getOrderDetail() { var orderId = g_getQueryString("orderId"); $.ajax({ url: "/order/detail", type: "GET", data: { orderId: orderId }, success: function (data) { console.log(data); if (data.code == 0) { render(data.data); } else { layer.msg(data.msg); } }, error: function () { layer.msg("客户端请求有误"); } }); } function render(detail) { var goods = detail.goods; var order = detail.order; var user = detail.user; $("#goodsName").text(goods.goodsName); $("#goodsImg").attr("src", goods.goodsImg); $("#orderPrice").text(order.goodsPrice); $("#createDate").text(new Date(order.createDate).format("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss")); $("#username").text(user.nickname); $("#phone").text(user.phone); var status = ""; if (order.status == 0) { status = "未支付" } else if (order.status == 1) { status = "待发货"; } else if (order.status == 2) { status = "已发货"; } else if (order.status == 3) { status = "已收货"; } else if (order.status == 4) { status = "已退款"; } else if (order.status == 5) { status = "已完成"; } $("#orderStatus").text(status); } </script>
Archive for March, 2013 Ball’s Pyramid has–you guessed it–a pyramidal shape reminiscent of Zermatt’s Matterhorn. Technically an erosional remnant of a shield volcano and caldera formed millions of years ago, the rocky islet named after its discoverer Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball is located 12 miles southeast of Lord Howe Island in the Pacific Ocean. At 1844 feet in height, this Australian wonder is a climber’s paradise. Apparently, it’s not so bad for the “tree lobster” as well. The rarest of species, it was discovered clinging to the last bit of plant life surviving on this prehistoric rock. Newport, Rhode Island boasts a spectacular coast, a charming waterfront and imposing mansions from the Gilded Age. No wonder it’s widely considered to be one of New England’s greatest destinations. This episode of Travelrific Radio® highlights the sights not to miss. Like this: The American Indians named Canada’s Mont Tremblant “Manitou Ewitchi Saga” after Manitou, the god of nature. Legend has it that Manitou could make the mountains tremble–hence the name “Mont Tremblant” (trembling mountain). Today the mountain trembles with the roar of skiers and hosts the premier ski resort in eastern North America. In keeping with the season, there are other outdoor activities, too: snowmobiling, sleigh riding and ice climbing, for starters. Like this: Canal laden Spreewald is sometimes referred to as Germany’s Venice. Situated about 62 miles southeast of Berlin, it was designated a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1991, a designation reserved for those locales that have demonstrated best practices in environmental conservation. Its compact labyrinth of 171 miles of navigable waterways makes punting one of the most delightful and common means of getting around. What may be less commonly known is that the region was originally settled by Slavic tribes who remain in the area today and lend it their language. When you’re there, be sure to sample the gherkins, the region’s agricultural hallmark. Like this: Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris recently attained 850 years in service. A yearlong celebration, begun in December, includes two stamps issued by the national mail delivery service La Poste and a set of nine new bells for the towers–eight for the North Tower and one for the South Tower. Named after saints, the new bells will harmonize with the older, main tenor bell named Emmanuel, considered to be one of the finest bells in Europe. To preserve it for future generations, one of the new bells was cast as a second great bell to accompany Emmanuel in the South Tower. The new bells will ring for the first time this weekend (Palm Sunday) to kick off Holy Week. Like this: For those women wishing to meet up with a friendly face in a foreign country, there’s an international fellowship organization waiting to help you. Women Welcome Women World Wide (known as 5W) boasts 2400 members speaking over 100 languages from 80 countries. Whether you seek accommodations with a local hostess or just a meetup, hospitality is right around the corner. Ireland’s Garinish Island in County Cork is best known for its subtropical gardens in Bantry Bay. Try telling that to the attention-grabbing seal colony living in the harbor waters. Unfazed by the hum of ferries between the island and the main pier at Glengarriff, the 250-strong seal colony stands ready to strike the pose. About the Blog Owner Donations are Welcome The author has not received any compensation from any featured party and has no material connection to the brands, topics, products and/or services that are mentioned in the posts. Any advertising placed on this site is at the sole discretion of the host WordPress for their exclusive benefit. Please consider making a donation to support the ongoing research and maintenance of this valuable resource. Thank you.