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Tag Archives: thanksgiving
It’s that time of year again. The holiday season is quickly bearing down on us. Halloween. Thanksgiving. Christmas. Hanukkah. New Year’s. These are the big winter celebrations we all love to eat and/or drink our way through.
Health Magazine has an article of 50 holiday foods you should not eat. I don’t think avoiding all holiday food is a good idea. I mean, yeah, you probably should not eat everything, and any wlser who cannot have sugar should probably avoid the sweet treats anyway, but, it’s the holidays for crying out loud. What is the point of a celebration if you cannot celebrate? I think the key to surviving the holidays is to have a solid plan and stick with it.
For example, I am not a big sweet eater, but the pumpkin everything is really making me kind of crazy this year, especially because I cannot eat it. I mean, I guess I could if I did not mind getting horribly ill, risking instant diarrhea or vomiting, and laying in bed for an hour or so, but really, would it be worth all of that? (Once you have had instant diarrhea and had to throw away your underwear in a McDonald’s bathroom while on a road trip, I can tell you the answer to that question is a resounding no.) Instead, I purchased a can of raw pumpkin that I can turn into some kind of delicious, healthy treat that fits into the wls diet. I have some ideas I’m kicking around, and if it works, I’ll post the recipe with pictures.
I had my by-pass just before Halloween last year. I could not even stand to look at candy let alone risk eating it. Last Thanksgiving, was only one month after my surgery. I was still eating pureed food. I did have pureed turkey and sweet potatoes for dinner, but not much else. By Christmas, I was eating some solid food, but still, not a lot.
This year will be different for me. I can eat somewhere between 1100-1400 calories per day. Granted, about 300 calories per day is protein supplements, so actual food intake is more like 900-1100 calories per day. Still, that is a lot more than 400-800 calories I was eating last year at this time. Also, my hunger has returned, which means I feel like eating more often than I did last year. Not as often as I did pre-surgery, but still, it’s there. And I have introduced quite a few new foods into my diet, which means I can eat a wider variety of foods than I could last year.
All of this could spell potential trouble for the upcoming holiday food season. And I have to admit that I am a little worried.
So, I have developed a plan to make sure I stay on track this year. So, here it is:
Allow myself some treats – I’m not saying I will go for the pumpkin bread that will make me vomit, but I will come up with some kind of alternative.
Make a plan for holiday meals – I did this last year. I went to my sister-in-law’s parents for Thanksgiving. I took my blender with me so that I could puree turkey. I won’t be pureeing my food this year, but I can still plan ahead. I will carry the protein snacks that I need with me. I will make sure I only eat the healthy foods, protein, veggies, the way I’m supposed to. I do not know if I will cook, go out to a restaurant, or visit family for the holidays, but there is no reason the holiday meal cannot be a healthy one that fits into the wls plan.
Go to the gym – I have to stay focused on my exercise plan. The last few months have been difficult with work, but now that things are slowing down, I have to get back on the wagon and exercise! This will be crucial in maintaining any diet plan through the holidays.
Avoid alcohol – I have not had any alcohol since the surgery. I do miss a nice glass of wine, but I’ll live. The surgeon’s office told me to avoid alcohol for the first year after surgery. The nurse in his office thinks it’s a good idea to avoid alcohol altogether forever. I do not know if I will avoid it forever. I probably will because my liver was not in fantastic shape before the surgery. But, for now at least, I am not done losing weight and alcohol, even the occasional nice glass of red wine, is simply empty calories that I cannot afford.
Continue to track my food intake and exercise – I use MyFitnessPal.com. I have the app on my phone. I log everything. All of my calories, walking, and exercise. I can say I eat 1200-1400 calories per day and know that number is pretty close to accurate. Tracking my food keeps me honest and focused. For anyone who wants to join me on My Fitness Pal, my name is morgaine84. I have also found that if I look up the calories for something I want to eat before I eat it, sometimes I decide the calories are not worth it. Other times, I may adjust my diet so that I can fit it in. But most of the time, I just don’t eat it.
That is my plan. I may add to it as the holidays get closer. I encourage anyone who is dieting for the holidays to set a realistic plan and revisit it often to make sure you’re staying on track. Even people who have had wls need to be prepared. The surgery is a tool and can help a lot, but it won’t work if we don’t stay focused!
I decided to spend the day with my brother and his in-laws. I think I posted that before.
They were so nice about meeting my new diet requirements. I brought the Baby Bullet with me to do any necessary pureeing. There was some confusion over what I wanted to drink during dinner. I had to remind them a couple of times that I cannot eat and drink at the same time. No biggie, that all worked out just fine.
I pureed my turkey. I had sweet potatoes and asparagus as well. I did not need to puree the sweet potatoes nor the asparagus. The asparagus was quite mushy so I just mushed them up some more before eating them. I added a little bit of gravy to the turkey before I pureed it. I stuck to the plan, two tablespoons of turkey, one tablespoon of sweet potatoes and one table-spoon of asparagus. I slowly ate and took the full 30 minutes to complete my meal.
The stuffing, one of my all time favorite foods, stayed at the other end of the table away from me. I do not know if that was by design or if it was a happy coincidence. If I had stuffing sitting in front of me for 30 minutes, I’m not sure how well my self-control would have fared. Alas, I did not have to test my will as the stuffing stayed safely far away from me.
I felt quite satisfied that I had a good holiday meal and I was full and not craving anything too dangerous by the end of it. Not to mention, I had a great time visiting with my niece and her cousins.
At one point my niece and little Georgie were pretending that I was a dragon they had to kill. George poked me in the stomach and I had to nicely tell him that for now, they had to stay away from my tummy. My niece interjected by saying, “Yeah, Aunt Colleen has a really big boo-boo on her tummy.” The conversation quickly devolved into a discussion on how big the boo-boo was with each of them trying to out do the other. I ended it by saying in an animated fashion, “It’s the biggest boo-boo you have ever seen, George!” They both fell down laughing and continued with their game slaying the giant Aunt Colleen dragon.
They were very cute. Little baby Ollie who is two and not one, is just adorable. He’s definitely the strong silent type. I can see his little mind going as he tries to figure out a different way to get around his parents and the other adults in the room. George and my niece are loud and a bit chaotic. While adults are trying to settle those two, little Ollie is silently doing something he knows he should not do.
Example: The adults are corralling Georgie and my niece back to the table with their cupcakes so that they do not drag cake throughout the house. Also, to teach them that we eat at the table not while playing with toys. Ollie took advantage of the distraction and silently slid under the table, cupcake clenched in both fists, and slipped away into the other room with the toys before anyone noticed he was gone.
The kids were so cute. Of course, I can say that being safely ensconced in the Auntie arena since I do not have to take them home at all!
One another note, I do have a tree. I bought a pre-lit tree at Target for $50. It’s a six-foot tree, which is bigger than I wanted, but it’s narrow and does not take up too much space. I like it. I bought some extra lights and I have it decorated already. I am done shopping for my niece. I did not go to any stores on the dreaded day after Thanksgiving shopping day. I did however, do some shopping online and I am having presents sent to me at no additional cost. I am excited about the holidays this year. So, bring on Christmas!
(presents under tree are simulated through decorative boxes and one toy bear. no actual presents were used in the creation of this photo)
Thanksgiving is usually a day that I love to spend cooking. Even if I am going to someone else’s house for dinner, I make a dish to bring with me. This year, I am not cooking at all.
I am going with my brother and his family to his wife’s parent’s house. They often invite me over for holiday meals. They are so nice to include me to make sure that I have somewhere to go on holidays.
I am really happy to spend the day with my niece and her little cousins as well. They make the holidays so much more fun. I even get to meet the newest cousin. I think he’s over a year old and I have not met him yet. The last time I saw his mother, (my sister-in-laws brother’s wife), she was pregnant with him. I cannot wait.
I will be taking my baby bullet blender with me so that I can puree some turkey. I also plan on having some sweet potatoes and some green beans if they’re not baked in a casserole.
I was so happy today. I pulled out a dress pants suit that I have not worn in forever. When I bought it, it was kind of snug. I had to wear spanx under then to get them buttoned and they were still very snug. I’ve only worn the outfit twice. I put it on today and the pants fit me perfectly with a little room even sans spanx. The jacket also fits me perfectly. The blouse is a little snug, but only because I am still wearing a support garment under my clothes. The garment is kind of bulky so it is hard to judge just how my shirts fit unless I put them on without it.
I have really been struggling with my protein shakes. I do not like the soy shakes at all. I have tried using brewers yeast, which works well in chicken broth, but I still do not like it. I’ve made the decision to try the protein shakes with the milk protein. Trader Joe’s has a great chocolate shake. The vanilla one was too sweet for me. I had some dumping after drinking it. I also bought a chicken soup protein drink made by Unjury. I keep plenty of Zyrtec and Benedryl handy just in case of a reaction. I do still some of the soy drinks and Brewers Yeast during the week, but I’m mixing in the Trader Joe’s and Unjury shakes as well.
I am really concerned about not getting enough protein. I do not want to lose my hair. Yes, I want to be healthy and all that, blah, blah, blah…but I am kind of vain about my hair. I was born on a good hair day. My hair texture is fine, but it is thick. It doesn’t look thick until you try brush it. Hair dressers love to work with my hair. I am always getting a free style when I go get my hair done. As they are working on it, or drying it, they often say, “I want to try something different, do you mind?” Sometimes I go get my hair trimmed just to get it styled. I’ll take a picture the next time I go to the beautician and show you how great my hair looks after I go. Can’t wear a bikini, have great hair. It’s the one good thing I have. I really do not want to lose it.
I hope everyone has a great Thanksgiving. I know I will, even though I cannot pig out this year. I still have a lot to be thankful for. I have great family and friends. The best ever! I have received so much love and support this past year I know that I am blessed and lucky to have them in my life. I am also thankful for all of the support and well wishes I have received from the readers of my blog! It feels so good to have strangers reach out to you and be supportive of what I am doing. Thanks everyone and enjoy the big feast today!
So, I convinced my sister to bring me home yesterday. I was just getting too antsy not being at home. I am doing a lot better. I still cannot do anything strenuous, bend over too much, or lift anything over 5 pounds, but I was ready to come home. It was so nice to sleep in my own bed.
I will not be alone for long. My friend is coming into town this weekend. He will be here Saturday morning. We went to college together a million years ago. My niece calls him Uncle Junkle. Well, OK she called him that once when she was about 1 1/2 or 2 years old. Now WE call him Uncle Junkle. She varies between calling him Uncle Jerry or Uncle Junkle. She loves him because he gives her piggy-back rides and is entirely too silly. Oh to be 4 years old.
I weighed myself again and I am down to 265 as of yesterday am. I did not weigh myself today. I cannot get into the habit of weighing myself every day because I just get too crazy about the numbers on the scale. I have to concentrate on other things. I am feeling better and moving around easier.
I started to get some of my Christmas decorations out today and got caught up in cleaning my closet. I didn’t lift anything, I just ended up sitting on the floor with a garbage bag in hand cleaning out boxes and throwing things away. I threw out the cardboard boxes, but I’m leaving the bags of trash for Uncle Junkle to take down to the trash room for me since I’m not supposed to lift them. He doesn’t know it yet, but I have many projects for him when he gets here. Hey, we single girls gotta put those guy friends to work, right?
I got the Christmas decorations out though and I’ve started wiping them off so that I can put them out for the holiday. Most of them probably won’t make it up until after Thanksgiving, which is good. I generally do not start getting things ready until after T Day, but I figure since I’m home alone with nothing to do, I might as well do something. I think this year I’m going to buy a small sparkly tree. I haven’t had a tree or lights in years. I want something festive this year and I think a nice sparkly tree will do the trick quite nicely. |
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2004, 2010 Actuate Corporation.
* All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
* are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
*
* Contributors:
* Actuate Corporation - initial API and implementation
*******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.birt.data.engine.impl.index;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.eclipse.birt.core.archive.RAOutputStream;
import org.eclipse.birt.core.util.IOUtil;
import org.eclipse.birt.data.engine.core.DataException;
import org.eclipse.birt.data.engine.impl.document.stream.StreamManager;
public class SerializableBirtHash extends HashMap implements IIndexSerializer
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public static int NULL_VALUE_OFFSET = -2;
public static int NOT_HASH_VALUE_OFFSET = -3;
private boolean closed = false;
private HashSet valueSet = new HashSet( );
private StreamManager manager;
private String indexName;
private String valueName;
public SerializableBirtHash( String indexName, String valueName, StreamManager manager )
{
super( );
this.indexName = indexName;
this.valueName = valueName;
this.manager = manager;
}
public Object put( Object key, Object value )
{
if ( key == null )
this.valueSet.add( null );
else
{
int hash = key.hashCode( );
if ( this.valueSet.contains( hash ) )
{
this.valueSet.add( key );
}
else
{
this.valueSet.add( key.hashCode( ) );
}
}
return super.put( key, value );
}
public Object getKeyValue( Object key )
{
if ( key == null )
return null;
if ( this.valueSet.contains( key ) )
return key;
return key.hashCode( );
}
public void close( ) throws DataException
{
if ( closed )
return;
this.closed = true;
this.doSave( );
}
private void doSave( ) throws DataException
{
try
{
if( this.keySet( ).size( ) == 0 )
return;
RAOutputStream indexStream = this.manager.getOutStream( indexName );
RAOutputStream valueStream = this.manager.getOutStream( valueName );
DataOutputStream dis = new DataOutputStream( indexStream );
DataOutputStream dvs = new DataOutputStream( valueStream );
IOUtil.writeInt( dis, this.keySet( ).size( ) );
Iterator entryIterator = this.entrySet( ).iterator( );
while ( entryIterator.hasNext( ) )
{
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) entryIterator.next( );
// For null value, we do not write the value to value stream
if ( entry.getKey( ) == null )
{
IOUtil.writeLong( dis, NULL_VALUE_OFFSET );
IOUtil.writeIntList( dis, (List) entry.getValue( ) );
continue;
}
int hash = entry.getKey( ) == null ? 0 : entry.getKey( ).hashCode( );
if ( !this.valueSet.contains( entry.getKey( ) ) )
{
IOUtil.writeLong( dis, valueStream.getOffset( ) );
IOUtil.writeInt( dis, hash );
IOUtil.writeIntList( dis, (List) entry.getValue( ) );
IOUtil.writeString( dvs, entry.getKey( ).toString( ) );
}
else
{
IOUtil.writeLong( dis, NOT_HASH_VALUE_OFFSET );
IOUtil.writeString( dis, entry.getKey( ).toString( ) );
IOUtil.writeIntList( dis, (List) entry.getValue( ) );
}
}
indexStream.close( );
valueStream.close( );
}
catch ( IOException e )
{
throw new DataException( e.getLocalizedMessage( ), e );
}
}
}
|
Andy Murray is back on track at the US Open and finds his nightmare draw opening up.
After the cramp-induced drama of his first-round win over Robin Haase, Murray enjoyed a smooth passage through to round three against German qualifier Matthias Bachinger on Thursday night.
Instead of heat and humidity, a strong wind provided the meteorological obstacle for the pair but Murray, who grew up playing in windy conditions in Scotland, was in his element.
All facets of the eighth seed's game were working nicely and he needed only an hour and 46 minutes to wrap up a 6-3 6-3 6-4 victory.
The next test for Murray comes in the shape of Russian former Wimbledon junior champion Andrey Kuznetsov, who upset Fernando Verdasco in five sets on Thursday.
Much was made of Murray's treacherous path when the draw was made last Thursday but the first two likely dangermen, Radek Stepanek and Verdasco, were both accounted for by other players.
Murray has been here before. At Wimbledon last year, the Scot's draw appeared to be formidable but he did not end up facing a top-10 player until the final.
Not that Murray will be underestimating 23-year-old Kuznetsov, who he has never faced before in a match or in practice.
"He's had a couple of big wins in the slams this year," said Murray, whose knowledge of other players is unfailingly excellent.
"He beat (David) Ferrer at Wimbledon and obviously here against Verdasco. I've never played him before. I don't know his game that well, but I've seen him play a little bit.
"He hits the ball pretty flat. Likes to go for his shots a lot. This court's fairly quick, so that will probably help him, as well. But I'll watch a little bit of video (on Friday) evening, try to understand his game a bit better."
Should he get past Kuznetsov, the main dangers in his section still lurk in the form of potential fourth-round opponent Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and world number one Novak Djokovic, who he is seeded to meet in the quarter-finals.
Having played in the cool of the night session, Murray is likely to be back in the heat of the day against Kuznetsov.
He still does not know why cramp struck against Haase but will not worry unduly about the possibility of a repeat episode.
"You just take each day as it comes," he said.
"You never know what's going to happen from day to day. Monday was very, very hot, humid conditions.
"(Against Bachinger) it was pretty cool at the end, extremely windy, a different court. Each day in tennis things change. So you've just got to move on, trust the work that you've done and get ready for the next match."
Kuznetsov, ranked 96th, has taken his time to make his mark in the senior ranks after his Wimbledon title in 2009 but has now reached the third round at successive grand slams.
Beating Ferrer at Wimbledon was particularly impressive given the Spaniard's consistency at the slams, and the similarity between the two tournaments was not lost on the Russian.
Kuznetsov said: "It seems like destiny. Second time, very similar situation. First round I beat a local guy and then second round I play with a Spanish guy and beat him in five sets.
"Before the match my girlfriend told me it's probably going to be destiny and you should win in five sets. I did not think about this during the match but it happened like this."
The bad news for Kuznetsov is that he lost his third-round match at Wimbledon to Leonardo Mayer, and he knows he has his work cut out against Murray.
"There is no pressure and I will try to do my best," he said.
"I'll try to play aggressively. That's the way I try to play every game. I will try to show my best tennis, my aggressive tennis, and I hope it will help me to get chances and to use them."
Kuznetsov has been coached by his father Alexander for his whole career and hails from a sporting family.
"From four years old I was with a racquet," he said with a smile.
Working so closely with his father he admits has its "minuses and pluses".
"Obviously it gives me some advantages before and still," he said.
"When I was a child, I could speak to him whenever I wanted to and he could help me and he could give me some advice. The other kids probably didn't have that.
"But sometimes it's a little bit difficult because we see each other at home, we see each other on court. Whenever I have the chance, I go somewhere else."
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By ALAN SNEL
LVSportsBiz.com
Voices in the Twitter handle universe come in all attitudes and styles and nobody will ever say that Dan Marrazza, as the Twitter voice for the Vegas Golden Knights hockey club, was boring.
Tuesday night, Marrazza used his personal Twitter account to say he has left the Golden Knights.
I enjoyed the few times I chatted with Marrazza, who, like myself, attended a small private college in a central New York state section called the Finger Lakes. Marrazza went to Ithaca College, and I survived those long winters up the road 45 miles at Hobart College in Geneva.
Marrazza fulfilled the number one job requirement for a major league team Twitter trigger man and that was never to be boring while creating a buzz for the brand.
The punmaster’s love for the Golden Knights flowed through his team Twitter handle, with a buffet of quirky pop culture anecdotes, profound team rooting and a few playful pokes at the Knights’ foes on ice.
ADVERTISEMENT
Marrazza’s signature Twitter style drew some nice profiles and gave the rookie NHL club an identity in the Twitter world.
I’ll let Marrazza share his thoughts for leaving, which he posted around 8:30 p.m. Tuesday on what else, Twitter:
“I have some personal news to share. Last week, I left my position with the Vegas Golden Knights. Living in Las Vegas the past two years and having the opportunity to grow this new brand from scratch has been a once in a lifetime opportunity. (1/3)
“I want to thank the city, the team and especially the fans for a lifetime of memories – having the chance to represent you on Twitter dot com has been a privilege. (2/3)
“As for what’s next, I’ll channel my inner Vegas with these words from Frank Sinatra: “The best is yet to come.” Looking forward to sharing more about my next endeavor soon. (3/3)”
Back in September, Marrazza rattled the San Jose Sharks’ Twitter cage after the Sharks’ Twitter writer said the team was up on the Golden Knights because it was 104 degrees in the Bay Area while it was 102 in Las Vegas Sept. 1.
And to that Marrazza responded, “Because everybody knows how good @SanJoseSharks are at holding leads.”
Whoa nellie!
You can read the LVSportsBiz.com story on that Twitter duel.
Marrazza dipped into his bag of pop culture movie references, specifically the movie, “Ted,” when he referred to the Bruins’ lines with girl names instead of the actual players’ names. That caused a stir, and he caught some flak.
But that was the exception and Marrazza’s provided an entertaining, humor-filled and root, root, root-for-the-home team voice to the Golden Knights’ Twitter handle. And I always thought it was a voice that matched the team’s identity — never boring and always an A for effort.
I took a glance at the team’s Twitter account today and there were functional posts about popular defenseman Brad Hunt being nominated for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy and the team holding its annual spring break street hockey tour. It was press release fare and there’s nothing wrong with that.
But from the way the words were linked together, it wasn’t the signature Marrazza Twitter delivery.
Bye Dan. You got talent and you’ll find another home for your creativity in Las Vegas if that’s your goal. Best of luck to you.
*
Follow LVSportsBiz.com on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Contact LVSportsBiz.com founder/writer Alan Snel at [email protected] |
---
abstract: |
Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field, and $G_n$ one of the groups $GL(n,F)$, $GSO(2n-1,F)$, $GSp(2n,F)$, or $GSO(2(n-1),F)$. Using the mirabolic subgroup or analogues of it, and related “derivative” functors, we give an asymptotic expansion of functions in the Whittaker model of generic representations of $G_n$, with respect to a minimal set of characters of subgroups of the maximal torus. Denoting by $Z_n$ the center of $G_n$, and by $N_n$ the unipotent radical of its standard Borel subgroup, we characterize generic representations occurring in $L^2(Z_nN_n\backslash G_n)$ in terms of these characters.\
This is related to a conjecture of Lapid and Mao for general split groups, asserting that the generic representations occurring in $L^2(Z_nN_n\backslash G_n)$ are the generic discrete series; we prove it for the group $G_n$.
author:
- 'Nadir MATRINGE[^1]'
title: '**Derivatives and asymptotics of Whittaker functions**'
---
Introduction {#introduction .unnumbered}
============
Let $G_n$ be the points of one of the groups $GL(n)$, $GSO(2n-1)$, $GSp(2n)$, or $GSO(2(n-1))$ over a $p$-adic field $K$. The main result (Theorem \[restorus\]) of this work describes the asymptotic behaviour of the restriction of Whittaker functions to the standard maximal torus, in terms of a family of characters which is minimal in some sense. From results of [@LM], this restriction can be described for split reductive groups in terms of cuspidal exponents.\
Here, after having defined analogues of the mirabolic subgroup for the groups $G_n$, and the corresponding derivative functors, following [@CP] (where the case of completely reducible derivatives is treated for $GL(n)$), we choose to describe the restriction of Whittaker functions to the torus in terms of central exponents of the derivatives.\
This description, inspired by [@B], is better adapted to understanding when the Whittaker model of a unitary generic representation is a subspace of $L^2(Z_n N_n\backslash G_n)$ (these representations are conjectured to be generic discrete series by Lapid and Mao).\
In the first section, we review the groups in question and define their mirabolic subgroups. We also give a decomposition of the unipotent radical of the standard Borel subgroup, and a description of how nondegenerate characters of this radical behave with respect to this decomposition.\
In Section 2, we give properties of the derivative functors, and use them to prove our asymptotic expansion of Whittaker functions, which is Theorem \[restorus\].\
In Section 3, we characterize generic representations with Whittaker model included in $L^2(Z_n N_n\backslash G_n)$ in terms of central exponents of the derivatives, in Corollary \[l2g\]. We then prove in Theorem \[l2’\] the conjecture 3.5 of [@LM].
Mirabolic subgroup and nondegenerate characters
===============================================
Let $F$ be nonarchimedean local field, we denote by ${\mathfrak{O}_F}$ its ring of integer, and by ${\mathfrak{P}_F}={\varpi_F}{\mathfrak{O}_F}$ the maximal ideal of this ring, where ${\varpi_F}$ is a uniformiser of $F$.\
We give a list of groups, and describe some of their properties which will be used in the sequel:\
- **Case A:**\
The group $G_0$ is trivial, and for $n\geq1$, the group $G_n$ is $GL(n,F)$.\
We consider the maximal torus of $G_{n}$ consisting of diagonal matrices, it is isomorphic to $(F^*)^{n}$.\
For $n\geq2$, the simple roots of this group can be chosen to be the characters $$\alpha_{i}(diag(x_1,\dots,x_n))= x_i x_{i+1}^{-1}$$ for $i$ between $1$ and $n-1$.\
The root subgroup $U_{\alpha_i}$ is given by matrices of the form $I_n + xE_{i,i+1}$ for $x$ in $F$.\
Standard Levi subgroups of $G_n$ are given by matrices of the form $diag(a_1,\dots,a_r)$ where $a_i$ belongs to $GL(n_i,F)$, with $n_1+\dots + n_r=n$. We denote the preceding group by $M_{(n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, and the corresponding standard parabolic subgroup is denoted by $P_{(n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, with unipotent radical $U_{(n_1,\dots,n_r)}$.\
For $n\geq2$ we denote by $U_{n}$ the group $U_{(n-1,1)}$, of matrices of the form $\begin{bmatrix}
I_{n-1} & V\\
& 1 \end{bmatrix}$.
It is isomorphic to $F^{n-1}$.\
For $n>k\geq 1$, the group $G_{k}$ embeds naturally in $G_{n}$, and is given by matrices of the form $diag(g,I_{n-k})$; we denote by $Z_k$ its center.\
We denote by $P_{n}$ the mirabolic subgroup $G_{n-1}\ltimes U_{n}$.
- **Case B:**\
The group $G_0$ is trivial.\
For $n\geq2$, the group $G_n=GO(2n-1,F)$ is the group of matrices $g$ in $GL(2n-1,F)$ such that $^t\!g J g$ belongs to $F^*J$. We call the multiplier of an element $g$ in $G_n$ the scalar $\mu(g)$ such that $^t\!g J g$ is equal to $\mu(g)J$ (one checks that for this group, the multiplier actually belongs to $(F^*)^2$), where $J$ is the antidiagonal matrix of $GL(2n-1,F)$ with ones on the second diagonal. It is the direct product of $SO(2n-1,F)$ with $F^*$, more precisely, of $SO(2n-1,F)$ and the group $I(F^*)$ of matrices $I(t)=tI_{2n-1}$ for $t$ in $F^*$.\
The maximal torus of $G_{n}$ is equal to the product of the torus of matrices of the form $diag(x_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,x_1^{-1},1,x_1,\dots,x_{n-1})$ with $I(F^*)$ and is isomorphic to $(F^*)^{n}$.\
For $n\geq3$, the simple roots of this group can be chosen to be the characters $$\alpha_{i+1}(diag(tx_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1},t,tx_1,\dots,tx_{n-1}))=x_i x_{i+1}^{-1}$$ for $i$ between $1$ and $n-2$, and $\alpha_1(diag(tx_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1},t,tx_1,\dots,tx_{n-1}))= x_1^{-1}$.\
The root subgroups $U_{\alpha_i}$ are given by matrices of the form $$diag(u,\dots,1,u,1,\dots,1,u^{-1},1,\dots,1)$$ for matrices $u$ in the unipotent radical of the Borel of $GL(2,F)$.\
For $n > k \geq 1$, the group $G_{k}$ embeds naturally in $G_n$, and is given by matrices of the form $diag(\mu(g)I_{k},g,I_{n-k})$, where $\mu(g)$ is the multiplier of the element $g$ of $G_k$.\
Its center $Z_k$ is given by matrices of the form $z_k(t)=diag( t^2 I_{n-k},tI_{2k-1},I_{n-k})$ for $t$ in $K^*$.\
For $n\geq1$ , the standard Levi subgroups of $G_n$ are given by matrices of the form $$diag(\mu(g)^\tau\!a_{r-1}^{-1},\dots,\mu(g)^\tau\!a_1^{-1},g,a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ where $a_i$ belongs to $GL(n_i,F)$, $^\tau\!a$ is the transpose of $a$ with respect to the second diagonal, $g$ belongs to $G_m$, with $2m-1+2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2n-1$. We denote the preceding group by $M_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, and the corresponding standard parabolic subgroup consisting of block upper triangular matrices is denoted by $P_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, with unipotent radical $U_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$.\
For $n\geq2$ we denote by $U_{n}$ the group $U_{(n-1;1)}$, of matrices of the form $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -^\tau\!V & -^\tau\!V V/2 \\
& I_{2n-3} & V\\
& & 1 \end{bmatrix}$.\
It is isomorphic to $F^{2n-3}$.\
For $n\geq2$, we denote by $P_n$ the “mirabolic” subgroup $G_{n-1}\ltimes U_{n}$.
- **Case C:**\
The group $G_0$ is trivial, the group $G_1$ is $F^*$.\
For $n\geq2$, the group $G_n=GSp(2(n-1),F)$, where $GSp(2(n-1),F)$ is the group of matrices $g$ in $GL(2(n-1),F)$ such that $^t\!g J g$ belongs to $F^*J$, where $J=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & W \\ -W & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ and $W$ is the antidiagonal matrix of $GL(n-1,F)$ with ones on the second diagonal. It is the semi-direct product of $Sp(2(n-1),F)$ with $F^*$, more precisely, of $Sp(2n,F)$ and the group $I(F^*)$ of matrices $I(t)=diag(tI_{n-1},I_{n-1})$ for $t$ in $F^*$.\
The maximal torus of $G_{n}$ is equal to the product of the torus of matrices of the form $diag(x_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,x_1^{-1},x_1,\dots,x_{n-1})$ with $I(F^*)$ and is isomorphic to $(F^*)^{n}$.\
The simple roots of this group are the characters $\alpha_{i+1}(diag(tx_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1},x_1,\dots,x_{n-1}))=x_i x_{i+1}^{-1}$ for $i$ between $1$ and $n-2$, and $\alpha_1(diag(tx_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1}, x_1,\dots, x_{n-1}))= tx_1^{-2} $.\
For $i$ less than $n$, the root subgroup $U_{\alpha_i}$ is given by matrices of the form $$diag(1,\dots,1,u,1,\dots,1,u^{-1},1,\dots,1),$$ for matrices $u$ in the unipotent radical of the Borel of $GL(2,F)$, whereas $U_{\alpha_n}$ is given by matrices $diag(1,\dots,1,u,1,\dots,1)$, for matrices $u$ in the unipotent radical of the Borel of $GL(2,F)$.\
For $n > k \geq 2$, the group $G_{k}$ embeds naturally in $G_n$, and is given by matrices of the form $diag(\mu(g)I_{n-k},g,I_{n-k})$, where $\mu(g)$ is the multiplier of the element $g$ of $G_k$. Its center $Z_k$ is given by matrices of the form $z_k(t)=diag( t^2 I_{n-k},tI_{2(k-1)},I_{n-k})$ for $t$ in $F^*$. The group $G_1$, which is equal to its center $Z_1$, embeds as $I(F^*)$.\
For $n\geq1$, the standard Levi subgroups of $G_n$ are:
- either matrices $$diag(\mu(g)^\tau\!a_{r-1}^{-1},\dots,\mu(g)^\tau\!a_1^{-1},g,a_1,\dots,a_r),$$
where $a_i$ belongs to $GL(n_i,F)$, $g$ belongs to $G_m$ with $m\geq2$, with $2(m-1)+2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2(n-1)$. We denote the preceding group by $M_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, and the corresponding standard parabolic subgroup consisting of block upper triangular matrices is denoted by $P_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, with unipotent radical $U_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$.\
- or the matrices $$z_1.diag(a_{r-1}^{-1},\dots,a_1^{-1},a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ with $a_i$ in $GL(n_i,F)$, $2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2(n-1)$, and $z_1$ in $G_1$.
For $n\geq 2$, we denote by $U_n$ the group $U_{(n-1;1)}$, of matrices of the form $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -^\tau\!V_2 & ^\tau\!V_1 & x \\
& I_{n-2} & & V_1\\
& & I_{n-2} & V_2\\
& & & 1 \end{bmatrix}$.\
For $n\geq3$, it is an extension of $F^{2(n-2)}$ by $F$, which is the Heisenberg group corresponding to the alternating bilinear form on $F^{2(n-2)}$, given by $(W_1,W_2)\times (V_1,V_2)\mapsto -^\tau\!W_2 .V_1 + ^\tau\!W_1. V_2$.\
It is a two steps nilpotent subgroup, with center equal to its derived subgroup, given by matrices with $V_1=V_2=0$, and the maximal abelian quotient $U_{n}^{ab}$ of $U_{n}$ is $F^{2(n-2)}$.\
The group $U_{2}$ is the unipotent radical of the standard Borel of $G_2=GSp(2,F)=GL(2,F)$, and is isomorphic to $(F,+)$.\
For $n\geq 2$, we denote by $P_{n}$ the “mirabolic” subgroup $G_{n-1}\ltimes U_{n}$.
- **Case D:**\
We denote by $G_0$ the trivial group. The group $G_1$ is $F^*$.\
For $n\geq 2$, the group $G_{n}=GSO(2(n-1),F)$ is the group of matrices $g$ in $GL(2n,F)$ satisfying that $^t\!g J g$ belongs to $F^*J$, where $J$ is the antidiagonal matrix of $GL(2n,F)$ with ones an the second diagonal. It is the semi-direct product of $SO(2(n-1),F)$ with the group $I(F^*)$, of the matrices $I(t)=diag(tI_n,I_n)$ for $t$ in $F^*$.\
The maximal torus of $G_{n}$ is equal to the product of the torus of matrices of the form $diag(x_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,x_1^{-1},x_1,\dots,x_{n-1})$ with $I(F^*)$ and is isomorphic to $(F^*)^{n}$.\
If $n$ is $2$, then $G_2$ is the diagonal torus of $GL(2,F)$.\
For $n\geq 3$, the simple roots of this group can be chosen to be the characters $$\alpha_{i+1}(diag(tx_{n-1}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1},x_1,\dots,x_{n-1}))=x_i x_{i+1}^{-1}$$ for $i$ between $1$ and $n-2$, and $\alpha_1(diag(tx_{n}^{-1},\dots,tx_1^{-1},x_1,\dots,x_{n}))= tx_1^{-1}x_2^{-1} $.\
For $i\geq1$, the root subgroup $U_{\alpha_{i+1}}$ is given by matrices of the form $$diag(1,\dots,1,u,1,\dots,1,u^{-1},1,\dots,1)$$ for matrices $u$ in the unipotent radical of the Borel of $GL(2,F)$, whereas $U_{\alpha_1}$ is given by matrices $diag(1,\dots,1,u,1,\dots,1)$ for matrices $u$ of the form $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & & y & \\ & 1 & & -y \\ & & 1 & \\ & & & 1 \end{bmatrix}$, with $y$ in $F$.\
For $n > k \geq 2$, the group $G_{k}$ embeds naturally in $G_n$, and is given by matrices of the form $diag(\mu(g)I_{n-k},g,I_{n-k})$, where $\mu(g)$ is the multiplier of the element $g$ of $G_k$. For $k\geq3$, its center $Z_k$ is given by matrices of the form $z_k(t)=diag( t^2 I_{n-k},tI_{2(k-1)},I_{n-k})$ for $t$ in $F^*$.\
**We denote by $\mathbf{Z_2}$ the subgroup of the torus $\mathbf{G_2}$, given by matrices of the form $\mathbf{z_2(t)=diag( t I_{n-2},1,t,I_{n-2})}$ for $\mathbf{t}$ in $\mathbf{F^*}$**.\
The group $G_1$ which is equal to its center $Z_1$, embeds as $I(F^*)$.\
The standard Levi subgroups of $G_{n}$ are the following:\
- The groups given by matrices of the form $$diag(\mu(g)^\tau\!a_{r}^{-1},\dots,\mu(g)^\tau\!a_1^{-1},g,a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ where $a_i$ belongs to $GL(n_i,F)$, $g$ belongs to $G_m$ with $m\geq 3$, with $2(m-1)+2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2(n-1)$. We denote the preceding group by $M_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, and the corresponding standard parabolic subgroup is denoted by $P_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$, with unipotent radical $U_{(m;n_1,\dots,n_r)}$.
- The groups given by matrices of the form $$g_2.diag(^\tau\! a_{r}^{-1},\dots,^\tau\!a_1^{-1},1,1,a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ with $a_i$ in $GL(n_i,F)$, $2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2(n-2)$, and $g_2$ in $G_2$.
- The groups given by matrices of the form $$z_1.diag(^\tau\!a_{r}^{-1},\dots,^\tau\!a_1^{-1},a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ with $a_i$ in $GL(n_i,F)$, $2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2(n-1)$, and $z_1$ in $G_1$.
- The groups given by matrices of the form $$z_2.diag(^\tau\!a_{r}^{-1},\dots,^\tau\!a_1^{-1},g,a_1,\dots,a_r),$$ where $a_i$ belongs to $GL(n_i,F)$, and $g$ in $GL(2(m-1),F)$ is of the form $$\begin{bmatrix} A & &V & \\ & t'& &L' \\ L & &t & \\ & V'& &A' \end{bmatrix},$$ with $$\begin{bmatrix} A & V \\ L & t \end{bmatrix}\in GL(m-1,F),$$ $A$ a $(m-2\times m-2)$-matrix, $$\begin{bmatrix} ^\tau\!A' & ^\tau\!L' \\^\tau\! V' & t' \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} A & V \\ L & t \end{bmatrix}^{-1},$$ with $2m+2n_1+\dots + 2n_r=2n$ and $z_2$ in $Z_2$.
For $n\geq 3$ we denote by $U_{n}$ the subgroup $U_{(n-1;1)}$ of $G_{n}$, of matrices of the form $$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -^\tau\!V & -^\tau\!V V/2 \\
& I_{2(n-2)} & V\\
& & 1 \end{bmatrix}.$$
It is isomorphic to $F^{2n-2}$.\
For $n\geq 3$ denote by $P_{n}$ the “mirabolic” subgroup $G_{n-1}\ltimes U_{n}$.\
We denote by $U_2$ the group $U_{\alpha_1}$, and by $P_2$ the group $G_1\ltimes U_2$.
\[torusdec\] We denote by $Z_i$ the center of $G_i$, except in case $D$ when $n=2$, where we denote by $Z_2$ the subgroup $diag( 1, t)$ with $t$ in $F^*$ of $G_2$. In all cases, one checks that the maximal torus $A_n$ of $G_n$ is the direct product $Z_1.Z_2\dots Z_{n-1}.Z_n$, and each $Z_i$ is isomorphic to $F^*$. Moreover, the i-th root has the property that $\alpha_i(z_1\dots z_n)=z_i$, in other words these coordinates parametrize the torus $A_n$ such that simple roots become canonical projections.
The unipotent radical $N_{n+1}$ of the standard Borel subgroup of $G_{n+1}$ is equal to $U_2\dots U_{n+1}$. Let $\theta$ be a nondegenerate character of $N_{n+1}$ (i.e. that restricts non trivially to any of the simple root subgroups). We denote by $\theta_{i+1}$ the character $\theta_{|U_{i+1}}$, except in the case $D$, for $i=2$. In this case $U_3=U_{\alpha_1}\times U_{\alpha_2}$, and we denote by $\theta_3$ the character $\theta_3(u_{\alpha_1}u_{\alpha_2})=\theta(u_{\alpha_2})$.\
Because $\theta$ is trivial on $U_{der}$, and according to the description of $U_{der}$ in Theorem 4.1 of [@BH], the character $\theta_{i+1}$ must be trivial on every root subgroup $U_{\alpha}$ contained in $U_{i+1}$ such that $\alpha$ is not simple, moreover for case D, $n=2$, the character $\theta_3$ is trivial on $U_{\alpha_1}$.\
Conversely, if a non trivial character $\theta_{i+1}$ of $U_{i+1}$ is trivial on every $U_{\alpha}\subset U_{i+1}$ which is not simple, and if, in case D, $n=2$, we impose in addition that $\theta_3$ is trivial on $U_{\alpha_1}$, then one checks that the normalizer of $\theta_{i+1}$ in the mirabolic subgroup $P_{i+1}$ is $P_{i }U_{i+1}$. As the group $U_2\dots U_{i}$ is a subgroup of $P_{i}$, a family of non trivial characters $\theta_{i+1}$ of $U_{i+1}$, trivial on every $U_{\alpha}\subset U_{i+1}$ except $U_{\alpha_i}$, defines a nondegenerate character of $N_{n+1}= U_2\dots U_{n+1}$ by $\theta(u_2\dots u_{n+1})=\prod_{i=1}^n \theta_{i+1}(u_{i+1})$.\
Now we fix such a nondegenerate character $\theta$, and write $\theta^{k}$ for the character $\theta_2\dots\theta_{k}$ of $N_{k}$.\
Derivatives and Whittaker functions {#der}
===================================
If $G$ is an $l$-group, we denote by $Alg(G)$ the category of smooth complex $G$-modules. If $(\pi,V)$ belongs to $Alg(G)$, $H$ is a closed subgroup of $G$, and $\chi$ is a character of $H$, we denote by $V(H,\chi)$ the subspace of $V$ generated by vectors of the form $\pi(h)v-\chi(h)v$ for $h$ in $H$ and $v$ in $V$. This space is actually stable under the action of the subgroup $N_G(\chi)$ of the normalizer $N_G(H)$ of $H$ in $G$, which fixes $\chi$.\
We denote by $\delta_H$ the positive character of $N_G(H)$ such that if $\mu$ is a right Haar measure on $G$, and $\lambda$ is the left translation of smooth functions with compact support on $G$, then $\mu \circ \lambda(n^{-1})= \delta_H(n)\mu $ for $n$ in $N$.\
This gives the spaces $V(H,\chi)$ and $V_{H,\chi}=V/V(H,\chi)$ (that we simply denote by $V_H$ when $\chi$ is trivial) a structure of smooth $N_G(\chi)$-modules.\
Notations being as in the first section, and for $k$ be an integer between $2$ and $n$ we define the following functors:\
- First we recall the definition of the Jacquet functors:\
Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of $G_n$, with Levi subgroup $M$, and unipotent radical $U$.\
We denote by $J_P$ the functor from $Alg(G_n)$ to $Alg(M)$ such that, if $(\pi,V)$ is a smooth $G_n$-module, we have $J_P(V) =V_{U}$, and $M$ acts on $J_P(V)$ by $J_P \pi (m)(v+V(U,1))= \delta_{U} (m)^{-1/2}\pi (m)v+V(U,1)$.\
- With the same notations, we denote by $i_P^G$ the functor from $Alg(M)$ to $Alg(G_n)$ such that, if $\rho$ is a smooth $M$-module, and $\bar{\rho}$ is the corresponding $P$-module obtained by inflation of $\rho$ to $P$, then $i_P^G(\rho)$ is the $G_n$-module $ind_P^{G_n}(\bar{\rho})$ where $ind$ is the usual compact induction.
- The functor $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{-}$ (denoted $r_{U_k,\theta_k}$ in section 1 of [@BZ2]) from $Alg(P_k)$ to $Alg(P_{k-1})$ such that, if $(\pi,V)$ is a smooth $P_k$-module, $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{-} V =V_{U_k,\theta_k}$, and $P_{k-1}$ acts on $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{-}(V)$ by $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{-} \pi (p)(v+V(U_k,\theta_k)= \delta_{U_k} (p)^{-1/2}\pi (p)(v+V(U_k,\theta_k)$.
- The functor $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{+}$ (denoted $i_{U_k,\theta_k}$ in section 1 of [@BZ2]) from $Alg(P_{k-1})$ to $Alg(P_{k})$ such that, for $\pi$ in $Alg(P_{k-1})$, one has $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{+} \pi = ind_{P_{k-1}U_k}^{P_k}(\delta_{U_k}^{1/2}\pi \otimes \theta_k)$, where $ind$ is the usual compact induction.
- The functor $\hat{\Phi}_{\theta_k}^{+}$ ($I_{U_k,\theta_k}$ in section 1 of [@BZ2]) from $Alg(P_{k-1})$ to $Alg(P_{k})$ such that, for $\pi$ in $Alg(P_{k-1})$, one has $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{+} \pi = Ind_{P_{k-1}U_k}^{P_k}(\delta_{U_k}^{1/2}\pi \otimes \theta_k)$, where $Ind$ is the usual induction.
- The functor $\Psi^{-}$ is the Jacquet functor $J_{U_k}$, (denoted $r_{U_k,1}$ in section 1 of [@BZ2]) from $Alg(P_k)$ to $Alg(G_{k-1})$, such that if $(\pi,V)$ is a smooth $P_k$-module, $\Psi^{-} V =V_{U_k,1}$, and $G_{k-1}$ acts on $\Psi^{-}(V)$ by $\Psi^{-} \pi (g)(v)+V(U_k,\theta_k)= \delta_{U_k} (g)^{-1/2}\pi (p)(v+V(U_k,1))$.
- The functor $\Psi^{+}$ (denoted $i_{U_k,1}$ in section 1 of [@BZ2]) from $Alg(G_{k-1})$ to $Alg(P_{k})$, such that for $\pi$ in $Alg(G_{k-1})$, one has $\Psi^{+} \pi = ind_{G_{k-1}U_k}^{P_k}(\delta_{U_k}^{1/2}\pi \otimes 1)=\delta_{U_k}^{1/2}\pi \otimes 1 $.
As we already fixed the character $\theta$ of $N_n$, we will most of the time forget the dependence in $\theta_k$ of $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{-}$ and $\Phi_{\theta_k}^{+}$, and we will write these functors $\Phi^{-}$ and $\Phi^{+}$. These functors have the following properties which follow (except for c) an d) which are trivial) from Proposition 1.9 of [@BZ2]:
a\) The functors $\Phi^{-}$, $\Phi^{+}$, $\Psi^{-}$, and $\Psi^{+}$ are exact.\
b) $\Psi^{-}$ is left adjoint to $\Psi^{+}$.\
b’) $\Phi^{-}$ is left adjoint to $\hat{\Phi}^{+}$.\
c) $\Phi^{-}\Psi^{+}=0$\
d) $\Psi^{-}\Psi^{+}=Id$.
Now we want to know how these functors restrict to smooth $P_k$-modules which are submodules of the space $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)=Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k)$ of functions on $P_k$, fixed by some open subgroup of $P_k$ under right translation, and which transform by $\theta^k$ under left translation by elements of $N_k$.\
The next proposition shows the stability of this type of modules under $\Phi^{-}$ and $\Phi^{+}$.
\[stab\] For any submodule $\tau$ of $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)$, the $P_{k-1}$-module $\Phi^{-}\tau$ is a submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_{k-1}\backslash P_{k-1},\theta^{k-1})$, with model given by restriction of functions $\delta_{U_k}^{-1/2}W$ in $\tau$ to $P_{k-1}$, and such that we have $\Psi^{-}\tau(p)W= \rho (p)W$ for $p$ in $P_{k-1}$, where $\rho$ is the action by right translation.\
Conversely, the $P_{k+1}$-module $\Phi^{+}\tau$ can be identified with a submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_{k+1}\backslash P_{k+1},\theta^{k+1})$, with the natural action of $P_{k+1}$ by right translation.
The first property will hold if we show that $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)(U_k,\theta_k)$ is the kernel of the restriction map to $C^{\infty}(N_{k-1}\backslash P_{k-1},\theta^{k-1})$, this is a straightforward adaptation of the proof of Proposition 2.1 of [@CP].\
The second property is a consequence of the following equalities and inclusions:\
$$\begin{array}{cc}
\Phi^{+}(C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)) &= ind_{P_{k}U_{k+1}}^{P_{k+1}}(\delta_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}.Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k) \otimes \theta_{k+1})\\
& \subset Ind_{P_{k}U_{k+1}}^{P_{k+1}}(\delta_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}.Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k) \otimes \theta_{k+1}) \end{array}.$$
Then $$\delta_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}.Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k)\simeq Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k)$$ because the character $\delta_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}$ of $P_{k}$ is trivial on $N_k$.
Finally $$Ind_{P_{k}U_{k+1}}^{P_{k+1}}(Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k)\otimes \theta_{k+1})\simeq Ind_{N_{k+1}}^{P_{k+1}}(\theta^{k+1})$$
More can be said about smooth $P_k$-submodules of the space $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)=Ind_{N_k}^{P_k}(\theta^k)$. If $\tau$ is a $P_k$-submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)$, then the derived subgroup of $U_k$ (which is trivial except in case D) acts trivially.\
To see this, take $W$ in $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)$, we claim that if $u$ belongs to the derived subgroup $U_k^{der}$ of $U_k$, then $\tau(u)W$ and $W$ are equal. So let $p$ belong to $P_{k}$; one has $\tau(u)W(p)=W(pu)= W(pup^{-1}p)=\theta^k(pup^{-1})W(p)$. But $P_{k}$ normalizes $U_k$ (so $\theta^k(pup^{-1})=\theta_k(pup^{-1})$), so that it normalizes its derived subgroup as well; as $\theta_k$ is trivial on this subgroup, this proves our claim.\
For such modules $P_k$-modules, there is a nice interpretation of $V(U_k,1)$ in terms of the analytic behaviour of Whittaker functions. First, we make the following observation.\
\[vanishlarge\] For $k\geq 3$, as a consequence of the Iwasawa decomposition, any element $g$ of $G_{k-1}$ can be written in the form $pzc$ with $p$ in $P_{k-1}$, $z$ in $Z_{k-1}$, and $k$ in $K=G_{k-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})$, and the absolute value of $z$ depends only on $g$, so we can write it $|z(g)|_F$.\
If a function $W$ is in the space of $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)$, then for $g$ in $G_{k-1}$, we show that $W(g)$ vanishes whenever $|z(g)|_F$ is large enough.\
Indeed if we take the “natural” group isomorphism $u$ from $(F^m,+)$ to $U_k^{ab}$, for some positive integer $m$, and recalling that it is in fact $U_k^{ab}$ that acts on $V$, then $u(x)$ will fix $W$ for $x$ near zero in $F^m$.\
But then, for $g$ in $G_{k-1}$ of the form $pzk$, one has $W(g)=W(gu(x))=\theta_{k}(gu(x)g^{-1})W(g)$, which is equal $\theta_{k}(zku(x)(cz)^{-1})W(g)$ because $P_{k-1}$ normalizes $\theta_{k}$. This implies the equality $[\theta_{k}(zku(x)(kz)^{-1})-1]W(g)=[\theta_{k}(u(zkx))-1]W(g)=0$ for any $x$ in a neighbourhood of zero depending only on $W$. The assertion follows easily.
\[Ker\] Let $(\tau,V)$ be a $P_k$-submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_k\backslash P_k,\theta^k)$. Then the space $V(U_k,1)$ is the subspace of $V$, of functions $W$ such that there exists an integer $N_W$ with $W(g)=0$, for any $g$ satisfying $|z(g)|_F\leq q_F^{-N_W}$.
Suppose first that a function $W$ is in $V(U_k,1)$, so we can write it $\pi(u)W'-W'$ for some $u$ in $U_k^{ab}$ and some $W'$ in $V$. Then, writing $g$ as $pzk$, and $u$ as $u(x)$ for $x$ in $F^{m}$, we have $[\pi(u)W'-W'](g)= [\theta_k(u(zkx))-1]W'(g)$, which will be zero to $0$ when $|z|_F$ is close to zero.\
Conversely, we use the characterization of Jacquet and Langlands asserting that the elements $W$ of $V(U_k,1)=V(U_k^{ab},1)$ are those such that $\int_{U}\tau(u)Wdu$ is zero as soon as the open compact subgroup $U$ of $U_k^{ab}$ contains some compact open subgroup $U_W$. So suppose $W$ is in $V$ and that it vanishes on elements $g$ of $G_{n-1}(F)$ satisfying $|z(g)|_F\leq q_F^{-N_W}$.\
Let $U$ be any open compact subgroup of $U_k^{ab}$, that we identify with a subgroup of $F^{m}$. The integral $\int_{U}\tau(u)Wdu$ evaluated at $g=pzk$, is equal to $\int_{x\in U}\theta_k(zkx)W(g)dx$. Hence this integral is always zero for $|z|_F\leq q_F^{-N_W}$ because $W(g)$ is.\
We now recall that as $\theta_k$ is a non trivial character of $U_k^{ab}$, there exists a compact open ball $U_0$ of $U_k^{ab}\simeq F^n$ such that, the integral $\int_{x\in U}\theta_k(x)dx$ is zero whenever the compact open subgroup $U$ of $U_k^{ab}$ contains $U_0$. But then for $|z|_F\geq q_F^{-N_W}$, if $t_W$ is an element of $F^*$ of absolute value $q_F^{N_W}$, the integral $\int_{x\in U}\theta_k(zkx)W(g)dx$ is also zero as soon as $U$ contains $t_W U_0$. Hence $\int_{U}\tau(u)Wdu$ is zero when $U$ is a compact open subgroup of $U_k^{ab}$ containing $U_W=t_W U_0$, and $W$ belongs to $V(U_k,1)$.
For any smooth $P_n$-module $\tau$, and any integer $k\geq1$, we denote by $\tau_{(k)}$ the representation of $P_{n-k+1}$ equal to $\Phi^{k-1} \tau$, and by $\tau^{(k)}$ the representation of $G_{n-k}$ equal to $\Psi^-\Phi^{k-1} \tau=\Psi^-\tau_{(k)}$.\
We say that a smooth irreducible representation $\pi$ of $G_n$ is $\theta^n$-generic if it is isomorphic to a submodule of the induced representation $Ind_{N_n}^{G_n}(\pi)$. If it is the case, the submodule of $Ind_{N_n}^{G_n}(\pi)$ isomorphic to $\pi$ is unique, it is called the Whittaker model of $\pi$ and denoted by $W(\pi,\theta^n)$.\
Now we let $(\pi,V)$ be a $\theta^n$-generic representation of $G_n$ (hence a smooth $P_n$-module as well), we denote by $(\pi',V')$ the representation of $P_n$ obtained on the space of restrictions of functions in $W(\pi,\theta)$ to $P_n$, it is a quotient of $\pi$ as a $P_n$-module, and restriction to $P_n$ is known to be an isomorphism in case A.\
The following proposition follows from applying repeatedly Proposition \[stab\], and from Proposition \[Ker\].
\[Ker2\] Let $\tau$ be a smooth $P_n$-submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_n\backslash P_n,\theta^n)$, and $k\geq 0$ be an integer, then the $P_{k+1}$-module $\tau_{(n-k-1)}$ is a submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_{k+1}\backslash P_{k+1},\theta^{k+1})$, with model given by restriction of functions $[\delta_{U_{k+2}}\dots\delta_{U_n}]^{-1/2}W$ in $\tau$ to $P_{k+1}$. In this realisation, one has $\tau_{(n-k-1)}(p)W= \rho (p)W$ for $p$ in $P_{k+1}$, where $\rho$ is the action by right translation.\
The next proposition asserts amongst other things that for every $k\geq1$, the $G_{n-k}$-module $\pi^{(k)}$ has finite length.
\[factorseries\] If $(\pi,V)$ is a smooth representation of $G_n$ of finite length, then for $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$, the $G_k$-module $\pi^{(n-k)}$ (hence its quotient $\pi'^{(n-k)}$) has finite length.
For $k\geq1$, except in case D, $k=2$, we denote by $U_{k,n-k}$ the unique standard unipotent radical (denoted by $U_{(k;n-k)}$ in the previous section) containing $U_{\alpha_{k}}$ as only simple root subgroup.\
In case $D$, for $k=2$, we be denote $U_{2,n-2}$ the unique standard unipotent radical containing $U_{\alpha_{1}}$ and $U_{\alpha_{2}}$ as only simple root subgroups.\
In all cases, the corresponding Levi $M_{k,n-k}$ is the direct product of $G_k$ with $GL(n-k,F)$.\
Now the module $G_k$-module $\pi^{(n-k)}$ is a quotient of the Jacquet $G_k\times GL(n-k)$-module $$(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}},V/V(U_{k,n-k},1)),$$ as the kernel of the surjective map $\pi \twoheadrightarrow \pi^{(n-k)}$ contains $V(U_{k,n-k},1)$. More precisely, let $N_{n-k,A}$ be the unipotent radical of the standard Borel subgroup of $GL(n-k,F)$, the group $U_{k+1}\dots U_n$ is the semidirect product $N_{n-k,A}\ltimes U_{k,n-k}$, so that the space $V^{(n-k)}$ of $\pi^{(n-k)}$ is equal to the quotient $$V/V(N_{n-k,A}\ltimes U_{k,n-k},\theta^n_{|N_{n-k,A}}\otimes 1_{U_{k,n-k}})$$ where $V$ is the space of $\pi$.\
We denote by $I_{k}$ the surjection obtained by facorisation from $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ onto $V^{(n-k)}$. From Lemma 2.32 of [@BZ], the map $I_{k}$ identifies with the projection $$V_{U_{k,n-k}} \twoheadrightarrow (V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{N_{n-k,A},\theta^n_{|N_{n-k,A}}}=V_{U_{k,n-k}}/V_{U_{k,n-k}}(N_{n-k,A},\theta^n_{|N_{n-k,A}}).$$ The map $I_k$ is in fact a $G_k$-modules morphism, because of the equality of modulus characters $$(\delta_{U_{k,n-k}})_{|G_k}=(\delta_{U_{k+1}}\dots \delta_{U_{n}})_{|G_k}$$ which is itself a consequence of the decomposition $$U_{k,n-k}=\prod_{i=k+1}^n (U_{k,n-k}\cap U_i).$$
The group $N_{A,n-k}$ being a union of compact subgroups, the map $I_k$ preserves exact sequences.\
As the Jacquet module functor preserves finite length, the $G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$-module $\pi_{U_{k,n-k}}$ has a finite composition series $0\subset (\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_1\subset\dots\subset (\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_{r_k}=\pi_{U_{k,n-k}}$. We put $\pi^{(n-k)}_i=I_k[(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_i]$.\
Hence $\pi^{(n-k)}_i/\pi^{(n-k)}_{i-1}$ is equal to $[(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_i/(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_{i-1}]_{N_{n-k,A},\theta_{|N_{n-k,A}}}$, but as a $G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$-module, the quotient $(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_i/(\pi_{U_{k,n-k}})_{i-1}$ isomorphic to $\rho_1\otimes\rho_2$ for irreducible representations $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ of $G_k$ and $GL(n-k,F)$ respectively. Because the character $\theta^n$ restricts to $N_{n-k,A}$ as a nondegenerate character, the quotient $\pi^{(n-k)}_i/\pi^{(n-k)}_{i-1}$ is equal to $\rho_1\otimes (\rho_2)_{N_{n-k,A},\theta^n_{|N_{n-k,A}}}$, thus it is zero unless $\rho_2$ is generic, in which case it is equal to the irreducible representation $\rho_1$.\
So we proved that $\pi^{(n-k)}$ has finite length as $G_k$-module, smaller than the length of the Jacquet module $\pi_{U_{k,n-k}}$ as a $G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$-module.
There is another property of the maps $I_k$ defined in the proof of the preceding proposition that is worth mentioning, which is that their restriction to generalised characteristic subspaces is nonzero. More formally, let $G$ be an $l$-group, and $T$ be a closed abelian subgroup of $G$. If $V$ is a smooth $G$-module, following [@C], we define for each character $\chi$ of $T$, the $T$-submodule $$V_{\chi,\infty}=\{v\in V|\ \exists n\in \mathbb{N}, \forall t\in T, \ (\tau(t)-\chi(t)Id)^n(v)=0\}.$$ If $V$ is $T$-finite (i.e. every vector in $V$ generates a finite dimensional $T$-module), then it is the finite direct sum of its (nonzero by definition) generalised characteristic subspaces, and every such (nonzero) $V_{\chi,\infty}$ contains the nonzero generalised eigenspace $$V_{\chi}=\{v\in V|\ \exists n\in \mathbb{N}, \forall t\in T, \ (\tau(t)-\chi(t)Id)(v)=0\}.$$
First recall that smooth $(F^*)^r$-modules $E$, with a filtration ${0}=E_0 \subset E_1 \subset \dots \subset E_{r-1} \subset E_{r}=E$ such that $(F^*)^r$ acts by a character on each quotient are $(F^*)^r$-finite.
\[fin-dim\] Let $E$ be a smooth $(F^*)^r$-module $E$, with a filtration ${0}=E_0 \subset E_1 \subset \dots \subset E_{r-1} \subset E_{r}=E$ such that $(F^*)^r$ acts by a character $c_{i+1}$ on each quotient $E_{i+1}/E_i$, then any vector of $E$ lies in a finite dimensional $(F^*)^r$-submodule.
One proves this by induction on the smallest $i$ such that $E_i$ contains $v$. If this $i$ is $1$, the group $(F^*)^r$ only multiplies $v$ by a scalar, and we are done.\
Suppose that the result is known for $E_i$, and take $v$ in $E_{i+1}$ but not in $E_i$. Then for every $t$ in $(F)^*$, the vector $\tau(t)v-c_{i+1}(t)v$ belongs to $E_i$. By smoothness, the set $\{ \tau(u)v \ | t\in (U_F)^r \}$ is actually equal to $\{ \tau(u)v \ | u\in P \}$ for $P$ a finite set of $(U_F)^r$. The vector space generated by this set is stabilized by $(U_F)^r$, and has a finite basis $v_1,\dots,v_m$. Now the vectors $$\tau(1,\dots,1,{\varpi_F},1,\dots,1)v_l-c_{i+1}(1,\dots,1,{\varpi_F},1,\dots,1)v_l$$ belong to $E_i$, hence by induction hypothesis, to a finite dimensional $(F^*)^r$-submodule $V_l$ of $E_i$. Finally the finite dimensional space $Vect(v_1,\dots,v_m)+V_1+\dots+V_m$ is stable under $(U_F)^r$ and the elements $(1,\dots,1,{\varpi_F},1,\dots,1)$, hence $(F^*)^r$, and contains $v$.
This in particular applies to the $Z_kZ_n$-module $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ and the $Z_k$-module $V$ described in the proof of Proposition \[factorseries\], as both are respectively $G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$ and $G_k$-modules of finite length.\
Now we can prove the following property of the maps $I_k$:
\[weights\] Let $(\pi,V)$ be a $\theta^n$-generic representation of $G_n$, and for $k\geq1$, let $U_{k,n-k}$ and $M_{k,n-k}\simeq G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$ the subgroups of $G_n$ defined in the proof of Proposition \[factorseries\]. Let $\chi$ be a character of the central subgroup $Z_kZ_n$ of $M_{k,n-k}$, and denote by the same letter its restriction to the central subgroup $Z_k$ of $G_k$. If the generalised characteristic subspace $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi,\infty}$ is nonzero, then the map $I_k$ restricts non trivially to $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$. In particular the space $V^{(n-k)}_{\chi}$ is nonzero.
Suppose that the subspace $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi,\infty}$ of $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ is nonzero, hence $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is nonzero. The space $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is $M_{k,n-k}$-submodule of $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$, so it has finite length, hence it contains some irreducible representation $\rho_1\otimes \rho_2$ of $M_{k,n-k}$. Hence $Hom_{M_{k,n-k}}(\rho_1\otimes \rho_2,V_{U_{k,n-k}})$ is nonzero, but then from Bernstein’s second adjointness theorem (see [@Bu], Theorem 3), we deduce that $V$ is a quotient of the representation $\rho_1\times \rho_2$ parabolically induced from $\rho_1\otimes \rho_2$. As $V$ admits a nonzero Whittaker form, so does $\rho_1\times \rho_2$, and from a classical result of Rodier (Theorem 7 of [@R]), this implies that $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ are generic with respect to some nondegenrate character. As generiticity doesn’t depend on the character for $GL(n-k,F)$, we deuce that $I_k(\rho_1\otimes \rho_2)=\rho_1$. Hence $I_k$ restricts non trivially to $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$, and the image $I_k[(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}]$ contains $\rho_1$ which is a nonzero submodule of $V^{(n-k)}_{\chi}$.
We will also need to know that, if $k$ is an integer between $1$ and $n-1$ and $\chi$ is a character of $Z_k$, then the $Z_k$-modules $(V^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ and $(V'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ are nonzero at the same time. We already know from the previous proposition that this is equivalent to the fact that the $Z_k$-modules $(V'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ and $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ are nonzero at the same time, and that $(V'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ nonzero implies that $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is nonzero.
\[weights2\] If $(\pi,V)$ is a $\theta^n$-generic representation of $G_n$, and for $k\geq1$, let $U_{k,n-k}$ and $M_{k,n-k}\simeq G_k\times GL(n-k,F)$ be the subgroups of $G_n$ defined in the proof of Proposition \[factorseries\]. Let $\chi$ be a character of the central subgroup $Z_kZ_n$ of $M_{k,n-k}$, and denote by the same letter its restriction to the central subgroup $Z_k$ of $G_k$, then the space $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is nonzero if and only if the space $(V'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ is nonzero.
We only need to prove that if $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is nonzero, then the space $(V'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$ is nonzero.\
So suppose that the $M_{k,n-k}$-module $(V_{U_{k,n-k}})_{\chi}$ is nonzero, it is of finite length, hence it contains an irreducible $M_{k,n-k}$-submodule $\rho$. Call $P_{k,n-k}$ the parabolic subgroup $M_{k,n-k}U_{k,n-k}$, and $P_{k,n-k}^-$ its opposite parabolic subgroup (with unipotent radical $(U_{k,n-k})^-$). We already saw that by Bernstein’s second adjointness theorem, the induced representation $i_{P_{k,n-k}^-}^{G_n}(\rho)$ has $\pi$ as a quotient, and therefore $i_{P_{k,n-k}^-}^{G_n}(\rho)$ is $\theta^n$-generic. Then from Theorem 7 of [@R], the $M_{k,n-k}$-module $\rho$ is $\theta$-generic, where $\theta$ is the restriction of $\theta^n$ to the unipotent radical of the Borel of $M_{k,n-k}$. Both have the same Whittaker model $W(\pi,\theta^n)$, i.e. the (unique up to scalar) Whittaker form on the space of $i_{P_{k,n-k}^-}^{G_n}(\rho)$ facorises through the projection from $i_{P_{k,n-k}^-}^{G_n}(\rho)$ to $\pi$. Let $L^-$ be a nonzero $\theta$-Whittaker form on the space of $\rho$, by Theorems 1.4 and 1.6 of [@CS], there is a nonzero Whittaker form $L$ on the space of $i_{P_{k,n-k}^-}^{G_n}(\rho)$ whose restriction to the subspace $C_c^\infty(P_{k,n-k}^-\backslash P_{k,n-k}^-U_{k,n-k},(\delta_{U_k^-})^{1/2}\rho)$ of functions with support in $P_{k,n-k}^- U_{k,n-k}$ is given by $$f\mapsto \int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(f(u))\theta^{-1}(u)du.$$ We denote by $\bar{L}$ the Whittaker form on the space of $\pi$ which lifts to $L$. In particular, for any $\bar{f}$ in the space of $\pi$, which is the image of $f$ in $C_c^\infty(P_{k,n-k}^-\backslash P_{k,n-k}^-U_{k,n-k})$, one has $$\bar{L}(\bar{f})=\int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(f(u))\theta^{-1}(u)du.$$ Let $v$ be a vector in the space of $\rho$, such that $L^-(v)$ is nonzero. Let $K'$ be a compact subgroup of $G_n$, with Iwahori decomposition with respect to $P_{k,n-k}$, and such that $K'\cap M_{k,n-k}$ fixes $v$, then the function $\alpha$ equal to $u^-m u \mapsto \rho(m)v$ on $(U_{k,n-k})^- M_{k,n-k} (U_{k,n-k}\cap K')$, and zero outside, is well defined and belongs to the space $C_c^\infty(P_{k,n-k}^-\backslash P_{k,n-k}^-U_{k,n-k},\rho)$. We denote by $W_\alpha$ the corresponding Whittaker function $g\mapsto \bar{L}(\pi(g)\bar{\alpha})$. If $a$ belongs to the group $Z_k$, one has $$\begin{aligned} W_\alpha(a) & = \int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(\alpha(ua))\theta^{-1}(u)du \\
& = \chi(a)\delta_{U_{k,n-k}}^{-1/2}(a)\int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(\alpha(a^{-1}ua))\theta^{-1}(u)du \\
& = \chi(a)\delta_{U_{k,n-k}}^{1/2}(a)\int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(\alpha(u))\theta^{-1}(aua^{-1})du \\
& = \chi(a)\delta_{U_{k,n-k}}^{1/2}(a)L^-(v) \int_{U_{k,n-k}}\theta^{-1}(aua^{-1})du \end{aligned}$$
In this last integral, $u$ stays in the compact set $U_{k,n-k}\cap K'$, hence there is a (punctured) neighbourhood of zero in $Lie(Z_k)=F$, such that $a(U_{k,n-k}\cap K')a^{-1}$ is a subset of $Ker(\theta)$ when $a$ belongs to this neighbourhood. Finally, up to multiplication of the function $\alpha$ by a scalar, one has $$W_{\alpha}(a)=\chi(a)\delta_{U_{k,n-k}}^{1/2}(a)L^-(v)$$ whenever $a$ is this neighbourhood of zero.\
A similar computation gives the equality $$W_{\alpha}(zg)=\chi(z)\delta_{U_{k,n-k}}(z)^{1/2}c_{g}$$ for $z$ in $Z_k$ in a neighbourhood of zero and $g$ in $G_k$, where $c_{g}$ is the constant $\int_{U_{k,n-k}} L^-(\alpha(ug))du$. Hence from Propositions \[Ker\], \[Ker2\], and the equality $(\delta_{U_{k,n-k}})_{|G_k}=(\delta_{U_{k+1}}\dots \delta_{U_{n}})_{|G_k}$, we deduce that the vector $(\delta_{U_{k+2}}\dots \delta_{U_{n}})^{-1/2} W_{\alpha}$ in the space of $\pi'_{(n-k+1)}$ is such that its image in $\pi'^{(n-k)}$ is nonzero and belongs to the space $(\pi'^{(n-k)})_{\chi}$. This proves the proposition.
A straightforward generalisation of the proof of the preceding proposition gives the following corollary.
Let $G$ be the $F$-points of a quasi-split reductive group defined over $F$. Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of $G$ with a Levi subgroup $M$, and $P^-$ its opposite subgroup with $P\cap P^-=M$. Let $(\pi,V)$ be a smooth $\theta$-generic representation of $G$, for some nondegenerate character $\theta$ of the unipotent radical $U$ of a Borel subgroup of $G$ contained in $P$. We denote by $j_{P^-}$ be the map defined in Theorem 3.4 of [@D] from $(V^*)^{U_{\theta}}$ to $(J_P(V)^*)^{M\cap U_{\theta}}$. If $L$ is a nonzero vector of the line $(V^*)^{U_{\theta}}$, then the linear form $j_{P^-}(L)$ restricts non trivially to any irreducible $M$-submodule of $J_P(V)$ whenever the Jacquet module $J_P(V)$ is nonzero.
We now come back to the study of $F^*$-modules $E$ with finite factor series such that $F^*$ acts by a character on each quotient. From Lemma \[fin-dim\], any vector of $E$ will belong to a finite dimensional $F^*$-submodule $E'$ as in:
\[center-repr\] If $E'$ is a non zero finite dimensional $F^*$-submodule of $E$, then $E'$ has a basis $B$ in which the action of $F^*r$ is given by a block diagonal matrix $Mat_B (\tau(t))$ with each block of the form: $$\begin{pmatrix}
c (t) & c (t)P_{1,2} (v_F(t)) & c (t)P_{1,3} (v_F(t)) & \dots & c (t)P_{1,q} (v_F(t)) \\
& c (t) & c (t)P_{2,3} (v_F(t)) & \dots & c (t)P_{2,q} (v_F(t)) \\
& & \ddots & & \vdots \\
& & & c (t) & c (t)P_{q-1,q} (v_F(t)) \\
& & & & c(t)
\end{pmatrix},$$ for $c$ one of the $c_i$’s, $q$ a positive integer depending on the block, and the $P_{i,j}$’s being polynomials with no constant term of degree at most $j-i$.
First we decompose $E'$ as a direct sum under the action of the compact abelian group $U_F$. Because $E'$ has a filtration by the spaces $E' \cap E_i$, and that $F^*$ acts on each sub factor as one of the $c_i$’s, the group $U_F$ acts on each weight space as the restriction of one of the $c_i$’s. Now each weight space is stable under $F^*$ by commutativity, and so we can restrict ourselves to the case where $E'$ is a weight-space of $U_F$.\
Again $E'$ has a filtration, such that $F^*$ acts on each sub factor as one of the $c_i$’s (with all these characters having the same restriction to $U_F$), say $c_{i_1}, \dots, c_{i_k}$, in particular, we deduce that the endomorphism $\tau({\varpi_F})$ has a triangular matrix in a basis adapted to this filtration, with eigenvalues $c_{i_1}({\varpi_F}), \dots, c_{i_k}({\varpi_F})$. As $\tau({\varpi_F})$ is trigonalisable, the space $E'$ is the direct sum its characteristic subspaces, and again these characteristic subspaces are stable under $F^*$.\
So finally one can assume that $E'$ is a characteristic subspace for some eigenvalue $c(\pi)$ of $\tau({\varpi_F})$, on which $U_F$ acts as the character $c$, where $c$ is one of the $c_i$’s.\
Hence there is a basis $B$ of $E'$ such that $$Mat_B (c^{-1}(t)\tau(t))= \begin{pmatrix}
1 & A_{1,2} (t) & A_{1,3}(t) & \dots & A_{1,q} (t) \\
& 1 & A_{2,3} (t) & \dots & A_{2,q} ( t ) \\
& & \ddots & & \vdots \\
& & & 1 & A_{q-1,q} ( t ) \\
& & & & 1
\end{pmatrix}$$ for any $t$ in $F^*$, where the $A_{i,j}$’s are smooth functions on $F^*$. So we only have to prove that the $A_{i,j}$’s are polynomials of the valuation of $F$ with no constant term.\
We do this by induction on $q$.\
It is obvious when $q=1$. Suppose the statement holds for $q-1$, and suppose that $E'$ is of dimension $q$, with basis $B=(v_1,\dots,v_{q})$. Considering the two $c^{-1}\tau(F^*)$-modules $Vect(v_1,\dots,v_{q-1})$ and $Vect(v_1,\dots,v_{q})/Vect(v_1)$ of dimension $q-1$, we deduce that for every couple $(i,j)$ different from $(1,q)$, there is a polynomial with no constant term $P_{i,j}$ of degree at most $j-i$, such that $A_{i,j}=P_{i,j}\circ v_F$. Now because $c^{-1}\tau$ is a representation of $F^*$, and because the $P_{i,j}\circ v_F$’s vanish on $U_F$ for $(i,j)\neq (1,q)$, we deduce that $A_{1,q}$ is a smooth morphism from $(U_F,\times)$ to $(\mathbb{C},+)$, which must be zero because $(\mathbb{C},+)$ has no nontrivial compact subgroups. From this we deduce that $A_{1,q}$ is invariant under translation by elements of $U_F$ (i.e. $A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^k u)= A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^k )$ for every $U$ in $U_F$).\
Denote by $M(k)$ the matrix $Mat_B (c^{-1}\tau({\varpi_F}^k))$ for $k$ in $\mathbb{Z}$. One has $M(k)=M(1)M(k-1)$ for $k\geq 1$, which in implies $A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^{k})= \sum_{j=2}^{q-1} P_{1,j}(1)P_{j,q}(k-1) + A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^{k-1})+ A_{1,q}({\varpi_F})= Q(k)+ A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^{k-1})+ A_{1,q}({\varpi_F})$ for $Q$ a polynomial of degree at most $q-2$. This in turn implies that $A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^{k})= \sum_{l=1}^{k-1} Q(l) +k A_{1,q}({\varpi_F})= R(k)$ for $R$ a polynomial of degree at most $q-1$, according to the theory of Bernoulli polynomials, for any $k\geq0$. The same reasoning for $k\leq0$, implies $A_{1,q}({\varpi_F}^{k})=R'(k)$ for $R'$ a polynomial of degree at most $q-1$, for any $k\leq 0$. We need to show that $R=R'$ to conclude.\
We know that $M(k)$ is a matrix whose coefficients are polynomials in $k$ for $k>0$ of degree at most $q-1$, we denote it by $P(k)$. The matrix $M(k)$ has the same property for $k<0$, we denote it by $P'(k)$. Moreover for any $k\geq0$ and $k'\leq 0$, with $k+k'\geq 0$, one has $P(k+k')=P(k)P'(k')$. Fix $k >q-1$, then the matrices $P(k +k')$ and $P(k )P'(k')$ are equal for $k'$ in $[1-q,0]$, as their coefficients are polynomials in $k'$ with degree at most $q-1$, the equality $P(k +z')=P(k )P'(z')$ holds for any complex number $z'$. Now fix such a complex number $z' $, the equality $P(k +z')$ and $P(k )P'(z')$ holds for any integer $k >q-1$, and as both matrices have coefficients which are polynomials in $k$, this equality actually holds for any complex number $z$, so that $P(z +z')$ equals $P(z )P'(z')$ for any complex numbers $z$ and $z'$.\
As $P(0)=I_q$, we deduce that $P$ and $P'$ are equal on $\mathbb{C}$, and this implies that $R$ is equal to $R'$.
From this we deduce the following theorem, giving an expansion at infinity of Whittaker functions of generic representations of $G_n$, for $GL(n)$, the statement holds for ant smooth $P_n$-submodule of finite length of $C^\infty(N_n\backslash P_n)$:
\[restorus\] Let $\theta$ be a nondegenerate character of the group $N_n$, let $\pi$ be a $\theta$-generic representation of $G_n$, and let $c_{1,n-k},\dots, c_{r_k,n-k}$ be the characters of $Z_k$ appearing in a composition series of $\tau=\pi^{(n-k)}$. Then, for any function $W$ in the space of $\pi$, the function $$W(z_1,z_2,...,z_{n-1})
=W(z_1z_2,...z_{n-1})$$ is a linear combination of functions of the form $$\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} [c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}\dots {\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}](z_k) v_F(z_k)^{m_k}\phi_k(z_k)$$ for $i_k$ between $1$ and $r_k$, positive integers $m_k$, and functions $\phi_k$ in $C_c^\infty(F)$.
Actually we prove the following stronger statement, which is satisfied by $\pi_{(0)}$ according to Proposition \[factorseries\]:
Let $\pi$ be a submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_n\backslash P_n,\theta)$, such that for every $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$, the $G_{k}$-module $\tau=\pi^{(n-k)}=\Psi^{-}(\Phi^{-})^{n-k-1}(\pi)$ has a composition series such that on each respective quotient, the central subgroup $Z_{k}$ acts by the characters $c_{1,n-k},\dots, c_{r_k,n-k}$.\
Then, for any function $W$ in the space of $\pi$, the function $W(z_1,z_2,...,z_{n-1})
=W(z_1z_2,...z_{n-1})$ is a linear combination of functions of the form $$\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} [c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}\dots {\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}](z_k) v_F(z_k)^{m_k}\phi_k(z_k)$$ for $i_k$ between $1$ and $r_k$, positive integers $m_k$, and functions $\phi_k$ in $C_c^\infty(F)$.
The proof is by induction on $n$.\
Let $W$ belong to the space of $\pi$. We denote by $v$ its image in the space $E$ of $\pi^{(1)}$. The vector $v$ belongs to a finite dimensional $Z_{n-1}$-submodule $E'$ of $E$, on which $Z_{n-1}$ acts by a matrix of the form determined in Proposition \[center-repr\]. We fix a basis $B=(e_{1},\dots,e_{q})$ of $E'$, and denote by $M(a)$ the matrix $M_B(\tau(a))$ (with $a$ in $Z_{n-1}$ and $\tau(a)=\pi^{(1)}(a)$), hence we have $\tau(a)e_l= \sum_{k=1}^q M(a)_{k,l}e_k$ for each $l$ between $1$ and $q$.\
Taking preimages $\tilde{E}_{1},\dots,\tilde{E}_{q}$ of $e_{1},\dots,e_{q}$ in $\pi_{(0)}$, we denote by $\tilde{E}$ the function vector $\begin{pmatrix}
\tilde{E}_{1} \\ \vdots \\ \tilde{E}_{q} \end{pmatrix}$.\
If the image $v$ of $W$ in $\pi^{(1)}$ is equal to $x_1 e_1+\dots+x_q e_q$, there is an integer $M$, such that for every $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2})$ in $Z_1\times\dots\times Z_{n-2}$, the function $$W(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})-(x_1,\dots,x_q)\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$$ vanishes for $|z_{n-1}|_F\leq q_F^{-M}$. We denote by $S$ the function $(x_1,\dots,x_q)\tilde{E}$.\
Because of Remark \[vanishlarge\], there is an integer $M'$, such that for any $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2})$ in $Z_1\times\dots\times Z_{n-2}$, and any $z_{n-1}$ in $Z_{n-1}$ of absolute value greater than $q_F^{M'}$, both $W(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ and $S(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ are zero, so that the difference $D(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ of the two functions is a smooth function which vanishes whenever $z_{n-1}$ has absolute value outside $[q_F^{-M},q_F^{M'}]$. Moreover there is a compact subgroup $U$ of $Z_{n-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})$ independent of $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ such that both functions (hence $D$) are invariant when $z_{n-1}$ is multiplied by an element of $U$. Denoting by $(z_\alpha)_{\alpha \ \in \ A}$ a finite set of representatives for $$\{ z\ | q_F^{-M}\leq |z_{n-1}|_F \leq q_F^{M'}\}/U,$$ this implies that $D(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ is equal to $\sum_{\alpha \ \in \ A} D(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{\alpha})\mathbf{1}_{z_\alpha U}(z_{n-1})$, which we can always write as $\sum_{\alpha \ \in \ A} D(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{\alpha}){\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(z_{n-1}) D_\alpha(z_{n-1})$ with $D_\alpha={\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}\mathbf{1}_{z_\alpha U}$ in $C_c^\infty(Lie(Z_{n-1}))$.\
Each function $D(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{\alpha})$ is equal to $W(z_1,\dots,z_{\alpha})-S(z_1,\dots,z_{\alpha})$, and the restrictions to $P_{n-1}$ of the functions $\delta_{U_n}^{-1/2}[\pi(z_{\alpha}) D]$ belong to the smooth submodule $\Phi^-(\pi)$ of $C^\infty(N_{n-1}\backslash P_{n-1},\theta)$, which still satisfies the hypothesis of the statement.\
Hence, by induction hypothesis, the function $D$ is a sum of functions of the form $$\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} [c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}\dots {\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}](z_k) v_F(z_k)^{m'_k}\phi'_k(z_k)$$ for $i_k$ between $1$ and $r_k$, null or positive integers or integer vectors $m'_k$, and functions $\phi'_k$ in $C_c^\infty(Lie(Z_k))$.\
Now, call $p$ the projection $W'\mapsto ({\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2} W')_{|P_{n-1}}$ from $\pi_{(0)}$ to $\pi^{(1)}$, then for any $a$ in $Z_{n-1}$, one has $\rho(a)p(\tilde{E}_{l})= \sum_{k=1}^q M(a)_{k,l}p(\tilde{E}_{k})$. Hence as $\rho(a)p(\tilde{E}_{l})$ equals ${\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(a)\pi_{(0)}(a)\tilde{E}_{l}$, we deduce that there is a punctured neighbourhood of zero in $Z_{n-1}$, such that for each $l$, the function ${\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(a)\pi_{(0)}(a)\tilde{E}_{l} -\sum_{k=1}^q M(a)_{k,l}\tilde{E}_{k}$ vanishes on elements $g=pac$ of $G_{n-1}$ ($p$ in $P_{n-1}$, $a$ in $Z_{n-1}$, $c$ in $G_{n-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})$) such that $a$ is in this neighbourhood.\
In particular, there exists $N_a$ such that for every $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$, the vector function $${\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(a)\pi_{(0)}(a)\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1}) -^t\!M(a)\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$$ vanishes when we have $|z_{n-1}|_F\leq q_F^{-N_a}$.\
This implies, as in the proof of Proposition 2.6. of [@CP], the following claim:
\[claim\] There is actually an $M''$, such that for every $z$ in $Z_{n-1}$, with $|z_{n-1}|_F\leq q_F^{-M''}$, and every $a$ in $Z_{n-1}$, with $|a|_F\leq 1$, the function $\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1}a)$ is equal to ${\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(a){^t\!M(a)}\tilde{E}((z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$.
We denote $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2})$ by $x$, and $z_{n-1}$ by $z$.\
If $U$ is an open compact subgroup of $Z_{n-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})$, such that $\tilde{E}$ and the homomorphism $a \in Z_{n-1} \mapsto M(a) \in G_q(\mathbb{C})$ are $U$ invariant, we denote by $u_1,\dots,u_s$ the representatives of $Z_{n-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})/U$, and by $\omega$, the canonical generator of $Z_{n-1}/Z_{n-1}({\mathfrak{O}_F})$. We put $M''=\max_{i,j}(N_{u_i},N_{\omega})$.\
Then for $z$ in $\{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq q_F^{-M''}\}$, and $a=\omega^r u_i u$ in $\{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq 1\}$ (with $u$ in $U$, and $r\in \mathbb{N}$), we have $$\tilde{E}(x,za)=\tilde{E}(x,z\omega^r u_i)= {\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(u_i){^t\!M(u_i)}\tilde{E}(x,z\omega^r)$$ because $z\omega^r$ belongs to $\{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq q_F^{-M''}\}\subset \{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq q_F^{-N_{u_i}}\}$. But if $r\geq 1$, again one has $$\tilde{E}(x,z\omega^{r})={\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(\omega){^t\!M(\omega)}(\omega_i)\tilde{E}(x,z\omega^{r-1}),$$ and $z\omega^{r-1}$ belongs to $$\{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq q_F^{-N_2}\}\subset \{z\in Z_{n-1}, |z|_F\leq q_F^{-N_{\omega}}\},$$ and repeating this step, we deduce the equality $\tilde{E}(x,za)= {\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(a){^t\!M(a)} \tilde{E}(x,z).$
Hence there is an element $z_0$ in $Z_{n-1}$ with $|z_0|_F=q_F^{-M''}$, such that for every $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2})$ in $Z_1\times\dots\times Z_{n-2}$, the vector $\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ is equal to $${\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(z_{n-1})^t\!M(z_{n-1})(z_{n-1})[{\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(z_{0}){^t\!M(z_{0}^{-1})}]\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots, z_{n-2},z_{0})$$ for any $z_{n-1}$ with $|z_{n-1}|_F\leq1$.\
Hence the function $\mathbf{1}_{\{|z_{n-1}|\leq1\}}S(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ is equal to $$(x_1,\dots,x_q)^t\!M(z_{n-1})(z_{n-1})[{\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(z_{0}){^t\!M(z_{0}^{-1})}]\tilde{E}(z_1,\dots, z_{n-2},z_{0}){\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(z_{n-1})\mathbf{1}_{\{|z_{n-1}|\leq1\}}.$$ One proves as for the function $D$, that function $\mathbf{1}_{\{|z_{n-1}|>1\}}(z_{n-1})S(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ is of the form $$\sum_{\beta \ \in \ B} S(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{\beta}){\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(z_{n-1}) S_\beta(z_{n-1})$$ with $S_\beta$ in $C_c^\infty(F)$ for some finite set $B$.\
By induction hypothesis again, applied to the function $({\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2} \tilde{E}_i)(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{0})$ and the function $({\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}S)(z_1,\dots,z_{n-2},z_{\beta})$, we deduce that the function $S=\mathbf{1}_{\{|z_{n-1}|\leq 1\}}S + \mathbf{1}_{\{|z_{n-1}|>1\}}S$ is a sum of functions of the form $\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} c_{i_k,n-k}(z_k){\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}\dots {\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}(z_k) v_F(z_k)^{m''_j}\phi''_k(z_k)$ for $i_k$ between $1$ and $r_k$, null or positive integers or integer vectors $m''_k$, and functions $\phi''_k$ in $C_c^\infty(F)$.\
The statement follows as the function $W$ equals $D+S$.
$L^2(Z_nN_n\backslash G_n)$ and discrete series
===============================================
First we characterise the Whittaker functions which belong to $\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |W(p)|^2 dp$ in terms of exponents of the “shifted derivatives” (see [@B], 7.2.). This result has been used in [@M].\
We say that a character of a $F^*$ is positive if its (complex) absolute value, is of the form $|\ |_F^r$ for some positive real $r$.
\[l2p\] Let $\theta$ be a nondegenerate character of the group $N_n$, and $\pi$ be a $\theta$-generic representation of $G_n$, let the $c_{1,n-k},\dots, c_{r_k,n-k}$ be the characters of $Z_k$ appearing in a composition series of $\tau=\pi^{(n-k)}$. Then the integral $$\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |W(p)|^2 dp$$ converges for any $W$ in $\pi$ if and only if all the characters $c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}$ are positive for $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$.
Again we prove the stronger statement:
Let $(\pi,V)$ be a $P_n$-submodule of $C^{\infty}(N_n\backslash P_n,\theta)$, such that for every $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$, the $G_{k}$-module $\tau=\pi^{(n-k)}=\Psi^{-}(\Phi^{-})^{n-k-1}(\pi)$ has a composition series such that, on each respective quotient, the central subgroup $Z_{k}$ acts by the characters $c_{1,n-k},\dots, c_{r_k,n-k}$. Then the integral $$\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |W(p)|^2 dp$$ converges for any $W$ in $\pi$ if and only if all the characters $c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}$ are positive for $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$.
Suppose first that all the characters $c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}$ are positive. Let $W$ belong to the space of $\pi$, first we notice the equality $$\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |W(p)|^2 dp=\int_{N_{n-1}\backslash G_{n-1}} |W(g)|^2 dg.$$
Now the Iwasawa decomposition reduces the convergence of this integral to that of $$\int_{A_{n-1}} |W(a)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a) d^*a$$ Using coordinates $(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ (see Lemma \[torusdec\]) of ${A_{n-1}}$, the function ${\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})$ is equal to $\prod_{k=1}^{n-2} ({\delta}_{U_{k+1}}\dots{\delta}_{U_{n-1}})^{-1}(z_k)$.\
According to Theorem \[restorus\] the function $|W(z_1,\dots,z_{n-1})|^2$ is bounded by a sum of functions of the form $$\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} |c_{i_k,k}|(z_k)|c_{l_k,k}|(z_j)({\delta}_{U_k+1}\dots {\delta}_{U_n})(z_k) v_F(z_k)^{m_k}\phi_k(z_k).$$\
Hence our integral will converge if the same is true of the integrals $$\int_{A_{n-1}} \prod_{k=1}^{n-1} |c_{i_k,k}|(z_k)|c_{l_k,k}|{\delta}_{U_{n}}(z_k) v_F(t_k)^{m_k}\phi_k(z_k)dz_1\dots dz_n,$$ i.e. if the integrals $\int_{Z_k} |c_{i_k,k}|(z_k)|c_{l_k,k}|(z_k){\delta}_{U_n}(z_k) v_F(t_k)^{m_k}\phi_k(t_k)dz_k$ converge for any $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$.\
But the restriction of ${\delta}_{U_n}$ to $Z_k$ is equal to ${\delta}_{U_{k+1}}$, so the convergence follows from our assertion on the characters $c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}$.\
Conversely, suppose that every $W$ in $\pi_{(0)}$ belongs to the space $L^2(N_n\backslash P_n)$ corresponding to a right invariant measure on $N_n\backslash P_n$.\
By Iwasawa decomposition, one gets that $\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |W(p)|^2 dp=\int_{N_{n-1}\backslash G_{n-1}} |W(g)|^2 dg$ is equal to $\int_{A_{n-1}\times F_n}|W(ak)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a)d^*adk$ which is greater than $dk(U)\int_{A_{n-1}}|W(a)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a)d^*a$ for some compact open subgroup $U$ fixing $W$. In particular the integral $\int_{A_{n-1}}|W(a)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a)d^*a$ converges for any $W$ in $\pi$.\
This by Fubini’s theorem and smoothness of $W$, implies that $\int_{A_{n-2}}|W(a)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a)d^*a$ is finite for any $W$ in $\pi$. But the restriction of ${\delta}_{N_{n-1}}$ to $A_{n-1}$ is equal to ${\delta}_{N_{n-2}}{\delta}_{U_{n-1}}$, so that the integral $\int_{A_{n-2}}|W(a)|^2 {\delta}_{U_{n-1}}^{-1}\delta_{N_{n-2}}^{-1}(a)d^*a$ is finite for $W$ in $\pi$, which by Iwasawa decomposition again, implies that $\int_{N_{n-1}\backslash P_{n-1}} |{\delta}_{U_{n-1}}^{-1/2} W(p)|^2 dp$ is finite.\
The functions ${\delta}_{U_{n-1}}^{-1/2} W$ belong to the space of $\phi^-(\pi)$, hence by induction, all the characters $c_{i_k,k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}$ are positive for $k\leq n-2$. So we only need to check that the characters $c_{i_{n-1},n-1}{\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}$ are positive. Suppose that one of them, $c_{1,n-1}{\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}$ for instance, wasn’t.\
Then, taking $v$ nonzero in $\Psi^-(\pi)$ such that $Z_{n-1}$ multiplies $v$ by $c_{1,n-1}$, according to Proposition \[Ker\] and taking $W$ a preimage of $v$ in $\pi$, there is a positive integer $N_a$, such that ${\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}(a)\pi(a)W(g)-c_{1,n-1}(a)W(g)$ is zero whenever for any $g$ in $G_{n-1}$ with $|z(g)|_F\leq q_F^{-N_a}$. As in Claim \[claim\], this implies that there is a positive integer $N$, such that $W(ag)$ is equal to ${\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(a)c_{1,n-1}(a)W(g)$ whenever $|z(g)|_F \leq q_F^{-N}$ and $|a|_F\leq 1$. We recall that $W$ doesn’t belong to $V(U_n,1)$ (otherwise $v$ would be zero), hence according to Proposition \[Ker\], there is $g_0$ in $G_{n-1}$ with $|z(g_0)|_F\leq q_F^{-N}$, such that $W(g_0)$ is nonzero. We denote by $W_0$ the function $\pi(g_0)W$, and we recall that the integral $$\int_{A_{n-1}}|W_0(a)|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a)d^*a= \int_{Z_1\times\dots\times Z_{n-1}}|W_0(z_1\dots z_{n-1})|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(z_1\dots z_{n-1})dz_1\dots dz_{n-1},$$ is finite. Hence the smoothness of $W_0$ and Fubini’s theorem imply that the integral $$\int_{Z_{n-1}}|W_0(z_{n-1})|^2 {\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(z_{n-1})dz_{n-1}=\int_{Z_{n-1}}|W_0(z_{n-1})|^2 dz_{n-1}$$ is finite. But for $|z_{n-1}|_F\leq 1$, the function $W_0(z_{n-1})$ is equal to ${\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}(z_{n-1})c_{1,n-1}(z_{n-1})W(g_0)$ with $W(g_0)$ nonzero, hence it is square integrable at zero if and only if ${\delta}_{U_n}c_{1,n-1}^2$, thus ${\delta}_{U_n}^{1/2}c_{1,n-1}$ is positive.\
The last proof more or less contains the following fact (which is more precisely a consequence of an induction, and the last step of the proof):\
For every character $c_{i_k,n-k}$ appearing in a factor series of $\pi^{(n-k)}$, there is $W$ in $V$, such that $W(z_k)$ is equal to $[c_{i_k,n-k}{\delta}_{U_{k+1}}^{1/2}\dots {\delta}_{U_{n}}^{1/2}](z_k)$ near zero. Hence this family of characters is minimal in the sense that each of them must occur in the expansion given in Proposition \[restorus\] of some $W$ in $V$.
From this we deduce a characterization of the Whittaker functions in $L^2(Z_nN_n\backslash G_n)$.
\[l2g\] Let $\theta$ be a nondegenerate character of the group $N_n$, and $\pi$ be a $\theta$-generic representation of $G_n$ with unitary central character, let the $c_{1,n-k},\dots, c_{r_k,n-k}$ be the central characters appearing in the factor series of $\tau=\pi^{(n-k)}$. Then the integral $$\int_{Z_nN_n\backslash G_n} |W(g)|^2 dg$$ converges for any $W$ in $\pi$ if and only if all the characters $c_{i_k,k}$ are positive for $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$.
By the Iwasawa decomposition, the integral $\int_{Z_nN_n\backslash G_n} |W(g)|^2 dg$ converges for every $W$ in $W(\pi,\theta)$ if and only if the $\int_{A_{n-1}} |W(a)|^2{\delta}_{N_n}^{-1}(a) dg$ converges for every $W$ in $W(\pi,\theta)$.\
As the character ${\delta}_{N_n}$ restricts to $G_{n-1}$ as ${\delta}_{N_{n-1}}{\delta}_{U_n}$, this integral is equal to $$\int_{A_{n-1}} |{\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}W(a)|^2{\delta}_{N_{n-1}}^{-1}(a) dg.$$ But this integral converges for any $W$ in $W(\pi,\theta)$ if and only if so does the integral $$\int_{N_n\backslash P_n} |{\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}W(p)|^2 dp$$ for any $W$ in $W(\pi,\theta)$.\
By the statement in the proof of theorem \[l2p\], applied to ${\delta}_{U_n}^{-1/2}\otimes \pi'$, this is the case if and only all the characters $c_{i_k,k}$ are positive for $k$ between $1$ and $n-1$.
Let $P$ be a standard proper parabolic subgroup of $G_n$, $U$ its unipotent radical, and $M$ its standard Levi subgroup. If $(\pi,V)$ is a smooth irreducible representation of $G_n$, one calls cuspidal exponent of $\pi$ with respect to $P$, a character $\chi$ of the center of $M$ such that the characteristic space of the Jacquet module $(V_U)_{\chi,\infty}$ is nonzero. Denoting by $\Delta$ the set of simple roots $\{\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n\}$ of $G_n$, We denote by $P^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$ the standard parabolic subgroup associated with the set of positive roots $\Delta-\{\alpha_{i_1},\dots,\alpha_{i_t}\}$, by $U^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$ its unipotent radical, by $M^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$ its standard Levi subgroup, which admits as a central subgroup the product $Z_{i_1}\dots Z_{i_t}$.\
Notice that except for case D, for $\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}=\{2\}$, where we used the notation $U_{2,n-2}$ for $U^{\{1,2\}}$, the group $U^{\{k\}}$ is what we already denoted by $U_{k,n-k}$ before.\
We denote by $A_{i_1,\dots,i_t}^-$ the set $$\{z_{i_1}\dots z_{i_t} \in Z_{i_1}\dots Z_{i_t}, \ |z_{i_k}|_F\leq 1, \ \text{and} \ |z_{i_1}\dots z_{i_t}|_F<1\}.$$
Theorem 4.4.6 of [@C] then asserts that $\pi$ with unitary central character is a discrete series representation if and only if, for every standard parabolic subgroup $P^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$, if $\chi$ is a cuspidal exponent of $\pi$ with respect to $P^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$, the restriction of $\chi$ to $A_{i_1,\dots,i_t}^-$ is less than $1$, or equivalently if $\chi$ restricted to $Z_{i_1}\dots Z_{i_t}$ is positive.\
We also notice that for any $k$, the Jacquet module $V_{U^{\{i_k\}}}$ surjects onto $V_{U^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}}$, and that the character $\delta_{U^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}}$ restricts to $Z_{i_k}$ as $\delta_{U^{\{i_k\}}}$, hence if $\chi$ is a cuspidal exponent of $\pi$ with respect to $P^{\{i_1,\dots,i_t\}}$, then $\chi_{|Z_{i_k}}$ is the restriction to $Z_{i_k}$ of a cuspidal exponent of $\pi$ with respect to $P^{\{i_k\}}$.\
This implies that $\pi$ irreducible with unitary central character is a discrete series representation if and only if the cuspidal exponents of $\pi$ with respect to maximal parabolic subgroups $P^{\{i_k\}}$ have positive restriction to $Z_{i_k}$.\
We call a character $\chi$ of $Z_k$ such that $(V^{(n-k)})_\chi$ (or equivalently $(V^{(n-k)})_{\chi,\infty}$) is nonzero an exponent of the derivative $(\pi^{(n-k)},V^{(n-k)})$. Now we recall that we showed in Proposition \[weights2\], that the $Z_k$ modules $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ and $V^{(n-k)}$ have the same nonzero weight subspaces. This allows to prove in our four cases the following conjecture of Lapid and Mao ([@LM], conjecture 3.5).
\[l2’\] Let $\pi$ be a generic representation of $G_n$ with unitary central character and with Whittaker model $W(\pi,\theta)$, then the following statements are equivalent:
i\) The integral $$\int_{N_nZ_n\backslash G_n} |W(g)|^2 dg$$ converges for any $W$ in $W(\pi,\theta)$.
ii\) All the exponents of the derivatives of $\pi$ are positive.
iii\) the representation $\pi$ is square-integrable.
By assumption, the exponents of the derivatives of $\pi$ are the characters $c_{i_k,k}$ of corollary \[l2g\], hence i) $\Leftrightarrow$ ii) is corollary \[l2g\].\
ii) $\Leftrightarrow$ iii): we treat the case D separately, so assume first that $G_n$ is not $GSO(2(n-1),F)$.\
By Proposition \[weights\], every cuspidal exponent of $\pi$ corresponding to $V_{U^{\{k\}}}$ is positive if and only if every exponent of the derivative $\pi^{(n-k)}$ is positive. But we have already seen that this implies that $\pi$ is a discrete series representation.\
For the case $D$, we could have reversed the roles of the roots $\alpha_1$ and $\alpha_2$ (which correspond to the two symmetric roots at the end of the Dynkin diagram). The only effect it would have is to change the definition of the derivative functors $\pi^{(n-2)}$ and $\pi^{(n-1)}$. Indeed $U_2$ would become $U_{\alpha_2}$, $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ would be exchanged. The character $\theta_3$ would have to be trivial on $U_{\alpha_2}$ instead of being trivial on $U_{\alpha_1}$. But i) and ii) would still be equivalent in this case, and i) is independent of these choices.\
In both cases, the maps $I_k$ from $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ to $V^{(n-k)}$ take nonzero weight subspaces to nonzero weight subspaces. For $n\geq3$, the space $V_{U_{k,n-k}}$ is equal to $V_{U^{\{k\}}}$. In the first case, $V_{U_{1,n-1}}$ is equal to $V_{U^{\{1\}}}=V_{U_{\alpha_1}}$, and it is equal to $V_{U^{\{2\}}}=V_{U_{\alpha_2}}$ in the second case. This implies that all the exponents of the derivatives of $\pi$ are positive if and only if all cuspidal exponents of $\pi$ with respect to maximal parabolic subgroups are positive. Again this proves ii) $\Leftrightarrow$ iii).
[9]{}
J. N. Bernstein, $P$-invariant distributions on $GL (N)$ and the classification of unitary representations of $GL (N)$ (non-archimedean case), Lecture Notes in Math., vol 1041, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1983), 50-102.
J. N. Bernstein and A.V. Zelevinsky, *Representations of the group $GL(n,F)$ where $F$ is a local non-archimedean field*, Russian Math. Surveys, 31:3 (1976), 1-68.
J. N. Bernstein and A.V. Zelevinsky, *induced representations of reductive p-adic groups*, Ann. Sc. E.N.S., 1977.
C. Bushnell, *Representations of reductive p-adic groups: localization of Hecke algebras and applications*, J. London Math. Soc., 63 (2001), 364-386.
C. Bushnell, G. Henniart, *On the derived subgroups of certain unipotent subgroups of reductive groups over infinite fields*, Transformation groups, (2002), vol. 7, no 3, pp. 211-230
W. Casselman, *Introduction to the theory of admissible representations of p-adic reductive groups*, http://www.math.ubc.ca/$\sim$cass/research.html.
W. Casselman and J. Shalika, *The unramified principal series of p-adic groups II. the Whittaker function*, Compositio Math. 41 (1980), 207-231.
J. W. Cogdell, I.I. Piatetski-Shapiro, *Derivatives and L-functions for GL(n)*, to appear in The Heritage of B. Moishezon, IMCP.
P. Delorme,*Constant term of $H_\psi$-spherical functions on a reductive p-adic group*, to appear in Transactions American Math. Soc., 2008.
H. Jacquet, *Generic representations*, in Non-commutative harmonic analysis, Marseille-Luminy, 1976, Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes No. 587, (1976), 376- 378.
E. Lapid, Z. Mao *On the asymptotics of Whittaker functions*, Represent. Theory, 13 (2009), 63-81.
N. Matringe, *Distinction of some induced representations*, Math. Res. Lett., 2010, vol. 17, no. 1, 77–97.
F. Rodier, *Modèle de Whittaker des représentations admissibles des groupes réductifs p-adiques quasi-déployés*, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B 275, A1045–A1048, 1972
A.V. Zelevinsky, *induced representations of reductive p-adic groups II*, Ann.Sc.E.N.S., 1980.
[^1]: Nadir Matringe, University of East Anglia, School of Mathematics, Norwich, UK, NR4 7TJ. Email: [email protected]
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Q:
How can I run multiple threads in JOMP on Windows (10) from either the command prompt or in Eclipse?
I can't get multiple threads to run using JOMP no matter what I try. I actually can't run a JOMP program from the command line no matter what I try either in fact, although ironically it will compile from there and then run in Eclipse! Even in Eclipse though I only have one thread. I've been through the notes from my university course about installation of JOMP carefully, but they have not helped. I'll be more specific though:
Items in quotes below are from those notes:
"There are a couple of websites that tell you how to make jomp run under Eclipse, see http://www.lst.inf.ethz.ch/teaching/lectures/ss10/24/ assignments/assignment_10/eclipse.txt"
This refers to a now broken link. It also seem to be the only link anyone on forums like Stackoverflow refer to when talking about this issue. Apparently it has instructions on runtime settings for Eclipse to allow multiple threads to run, but since the link is currently broken I can't access those valuable instructions.
"All that is required in order to do that is to ensure that jomp1.0b.jar is on the CLASSPATH"
I ran echo %CLASSPATH% at the command prompt to check if it was on the class path and got the following response:
C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_162\lib\jomp1.0b.jar
On my PC the jomp jar file is in that folder, so it appears I should be able to execute compiled JOMP programs from the command line, but unfortunately that is not the case. By executing one of these commands it should run:
java −Djomp.threads=2 parallel
java −Djomp.threads=2 -cp . parallel
java −Djomp.threads=2 -cp C:\Users\terry\eclipse-workspace\JOMPHello\src parallel
This is the folder the jomp, java and compiled class files are in. I also checked if "parallel" is the fully qualified class name in the way I have set it up in Eclipse, and it does appears to be. So running one of these commands should allow me to run the jomp program from the command line as near as I can tell, but they all return the following error:
Error: Could not find or load main class parallel
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: parallel
(To which I feel like telling Java, "You're not looking hard it enough! It is right in the folder I am running this command from!")
Clearly I am missing something. Can anyone tell me how to get JOMP programs running on the command line, or alternatively knows where there are accessible instructions for how to set up the work around runtime settings in Eclipse?
My implementation of the program seems to run with only one thread, so hopefully that means it is correct, but I can only be sure once I have run it with at least a few more threads.
Thanks,
Terry.
A:
I figured out how to set up the runtime argument in Eclipse. You just have to add the following line into the VM Arguments box in under the Argument tab in Run Configurations for the file:
−Djomp.threads=n
(where n as before is the number of threads you want).
I'd still like to know why it's not working on the Command Line though. It makes me think my Java is set up weirdly.
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Comcast announced today that if you sign up for its $15 streaming service, it won’t count against your data caps.
The service — known as ‘Stream’ — was originally released in the Boston area, but this week the telecom giant also announced its Chicago launch. Seattle is reported to be next, and then a nationwide rollout at some point in early 2016.
The early criticism about the Stream plan, including that from our own commenters on the site and social media, were that the plan was essentially meaningless with Comcast’s data caps. Meaning, one way or another the company could still make up for lost cable revenue even by offering an alternative that appeared to be cord cutter friendly. In this case, instead of ever-increasing cable TV subscription packages, they’d make up the lost revenue through data overages.
It doesn’t appear, for now, that this is the case.
It does, however, raise questions about net neutrality. Giving certain providers preferrential treatment in the terms of free data under the cap exemption while denying this to others goes against the very fiber of net neutrality. That said, there is an exemption for “non-broadband” services or “IP-services that do not travel over broadband Internet access service.”
Comcast is taking full advantage of this distinction.
In a comment to Ars Technica, a Comcast representative said, “No, Stream is an IP cable service delivered over our managed network to the home.”
So, at least in a legal sense, it appears Comcast is in the clear. However, the Federal Communication Commission has the right to review so-called “zero-rating schemes” which results in the commission judging on a case-by-case basis whether this “unreasonably interferes” with the ability of consumers to access some content while being given preferrential service to others. |
Looked up showtimes for the movie today, and since it was possible to hit a showing without keeping me out too late or causing me to rush from work, I decided that it was fated, even though it meant going by myself. Just as the girls had to face some parts of their journey alone, I would go alone to see how their journey played out hollywood style.
Critique:Very well done. Some pretty major plot tweaks that made for a more tightly crafted narrative. My only dissappointment was Bridget; my take on the situation is that she has been recharacterized and given a different motivation for her behavior, changing from a unique and powerful motivation (mental illness), to a familiar and bland motivation (grief). In typical fashion, scenes that I expected to be phenomenal translations from the text failed to truly impress me, their greatness eclipsed by my own expectations (I think I should just start calling this thing I do in movies the Mr Holland's Opus Effect-MHOE).
Response (which should probably actually be Reflection, but for the sake of parallelism):Just past the exposition part of the film, I was prepared to list characterization as a whole as a weakness, as I felt that all the characters failed to shine as brightly as their inner drama painted them in the book. I then realized that this isn't a weakness of the film, it's the nature of humanity. Speaking for myself and assuming that my conclusion generalizes to the whole, I feel like a large purpose of life, possibly life's biggest purpose, is the discovering of my true inner beauty and bringing it to the surface to share it with the rest of the world. That's it, the secret of life. Forget 42. I've commented in the past about my favorite quote, by the artist/author Sabrina Ward Harrison, "If you're not yourself, who will be?" and talked about my feelings of obligation to be the truest me I can be. Here's a movie that screams that belief in every scene.
I hereby refuse to shrink from my life's purpose like I recoil from hearing my voice on a recording. I will continue to refine that voice until it accurately reflects who I am at my core, even if it takes the rest of this life, or well into the next one or one-thousand lives. There's no other purpose worth pursuing. |
5-HT1A receptor activation counteracts c-Fos immunoreactivity induced in serotonin neurons of the raphe nuclei after immobilization stress in the male rat.
The serotoninergic system and the 5-HT1A receptors have been involved in the brain response to acute stress. The aim of our study was evaluate the role of the 5-HT1A receptors in serotoninergic cells of rostral and caudal raphe nuclei under acute immobilization in rats. Double immunocytochemical staining of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and c-Fos protein and stereology techniques were used to study the specific cell activation in the raphe nuclei neurons in five groups (control group, immobilization group (immobilization lasting 1 h), DPAT group (8-OH-DPAT 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), DPAT+IMMO group (8-OH-DPAT 0.3 mg/kg, s.c., 30' prior acute immobilization) and WAY+DPAT+IMMO group (WAY-100635 0.3 mg/kg, s.c. and 8-OH-DPAT 0.3 mg/kg, s.c., 45' and 30', respectively, before immobilization). Our results showed an increase in the number of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in serotoninergic cells in both dorsal and median raphe nuclei in the immobilized group. The 8-OH-DPAT pretreatment counteracted the excitatory effects of the acute immobilization in these brain regions. In addition, WAY-100635 administration reduced the effect of 8-OH-DPAT injection, suggesting a selective 5-HT1A receptor role. Raphe pallidus and raphe obscurus did not show any differences among experimental groups. We suggest that somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors in rostral raphe nuclei may play a crucial role in both mediating the consequences of uncontrollable stress and the possible beneficial effects of treatment with 5-HT1A receptor agonists. |
Twitter's new financing round gives the company a $3.7 billion valuation.
That's almost twice as much as the New York Times, which has an enterprise value of $2 billion today.
There is an obvious difference: The New York Times Company value is based on a public stock, which anyone can purchase, while Twitter's valuation is based on a private round of financing that individuals couldn't participate in.
But, in theory, at least, Twitter is now worth twice as much as the Times. Wow!
Related: How Twitter Went From A $7,500 Domain To A $3.7 Billion Company |
Wales and Borders Rail Franchise
Related Links
Tell us if you want any of the documents on this page in an alternative format.
The majority of rail services in Wales are provided under the Wales and Borders franchise.
We fund and oversee this franchise, providing around £170 million per year for the operation of the franchise. Arriva Trains Wales won the contract for the franchise in 2003. This will end in 2018.
We currently have joint responsibility for managing the franchise alongside the UK Government. The franchise agreement details the requirements expected of Arriva Trains Wales in delivering rail services.
Preparing for the new franchise
Rail franchising will be fully devolved to the Welsh Government from 2017.
We are currently gathering the views of rail interest groups on the specification for the next Wales and Border franchise. In 2017, Welsh Ministers will initiate the formal process for procuring the next franchise.
We provided the Mid Wales Railways Implementation Group with funding to host a seminar on 11 May 2015 to discuss the franchise. Download papers from the seminar along with views from groups in north Wales below. |
The present invention relates to elevator systems. In particular, the present invention relates to power system for driving a plurality of elevator hoist motors.
The power demands for operating elevators range from highly positive, in which externally generated power is used at a maximal rate, to negative, in which the load in the elevator drives the motor so it produces electricity as a generator. This use of the motor to produce electricity as a generator is commonly called regeneration. On average, if all the passengers who rise up through a building on an elevator also return down through the building on the same elevator, the average power required to run the system would be zero, but for frictional losses, electrical conversion losses, and power drawn by accessory equipment (e.g., lighting). However, this typically does not occur since most elevators are dispatched based on efficiency, and power management considerations are often ignored. For example, if two or more elevators are dispatched at the same time, the overlapping current transients from the associated motors results in a significant power demand on the power supply. Thus, the deliverable power from the power supply must be very large to avoid an overload condition if all elevators start at the same time.
In addition, conventional multi-elevator power systems typically include a dedicated power bus and power converter for each hoist motor. Consequently, the power consumed by each hoist motor is independent of the power consumed by the other hoist motors of the multi-elevator power system. This results in inefficient use of the power supply. For example, a significant amount of energy generated by each of the hoist motors during regeneration may need to be dissipated as waste heat if negative power demands exceed the storage capacity of the power system. This not only is wasteful of the generated electricity, but also adds more waste in the requirement for air conditioning to keep excessive heating from occurring. |
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author:
- |
Yu Yu, Jean-Marc Odobez\
Idiap Research Institute, CH-1920, Martigny, Switzerland\
EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland\
\[-0.25mm\] {yyu, odobez}@idiap.ch\
bibliography:
- 'egbib.bib'
title: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Gaze Estimation
---
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"Hi Frankie." "Hello." "Get in here." "Nothing like that first drink of the day" "Go on, drink up!" "Enjoy" "They tell me, you're quite a dancer?" "No?" "Well how about a dance anyway?" "Hey give them back." "What's the big idea?" "Frankie..." "Frankie, when did you get back?" "How are you?" "You all right?" "You know....." " The monkey is gone." " Let me look at you." " Not even a postie card." " You can't read anyway." " You're good at drawing pictures." "Oh, you goof-ball." "How's the lost dog business?" "As soon as they see me walking around, people start locking up their mutts." "I tell you folks just don't have that trust in their fellow man anymore." " Hey Antic, look who's out." " Frankie!" " You all right?" "Good kid." " Enough already, buy me a drink." " Look what the cat dragged in." " Frankie!" "You've been gone so long, I thought maybe you'd been made warden." " Well you're looking good." " Put on 6 pounds." "6 pounds!" "He's been gone so long, I thought maybe he'd been made warden." " How was it down there Frankie?" " Greatest place you've ever seen." "I'm telling ya, ball games, great food. I even learned how to play the drums." "You make it sound as if I missed something by not going to jail years ago. lt's a prison, no?" "More of a hospital kind." "Let me show you something." "Ah, Federal Pens is always best." "Ask anybody." "He's been gone so long, I think he's been made warden." "Ever see anything so pretty." " Don't touch!" " Hey, how'd you sneak them out Frankie?" " Them guys gave them to me in the band." "They let you have a band?" "Yeah, I was in it." "They chipped in and bought me these when I left." "Long time." "How was it there?" "Bad?" " lt wasn't bad." " Six months." "You could hardly wait, I bet?" " Come over to my place" " No thanks." "You broke?" "Now ain't you being stupid?" "It's for free." "I don't need it, that's all. I kicked it." "Oh, kicked it?" " One of them." " l mean it." "Sure I'll be around." "Frankie, don't do it." "Don't start up with that peddlar again." "I'd rather chop my arm off, before I'd let him touch it." "this Dr. Lennick who took care of me down at the hospital, real good guy he told me at least 10 times........" "He told me Frankie, you get out of here and take one fix, you're hooked again." "Don't worry about me buddy boy" "Let's get out of here." "Thanks Antic." "Take care of the dog for me. I've got a customer coming to get it." " Don't let him give you no gas." " Him?" "I ain't going to be around here long enough to let him bother me." " Don't let him give you no gas." " Him?" "I ain't going to be around here long enough to let him bother me." " l'm going to get me a job in a big-name band." " You're kidding?" "What do you think I stretching my wrist for buddy-o?" "The guy that teaches drumming down there, says I'm a natural." "I can't miss he says." "Arm's made of pure gold." "You mean a job winding these drums?" " l've got everything planned too." "Going to call myself Jack Duvall." " Probably I ain't going to see you around so much then, huh?" "Maybe I can set something up for you." "Carrying the instruments or something." " Travelling around the country high-type night clubs." " How does that sound to you?" "When is it going to be, when?" "Right away, today. I'm the kind of guy boy that when I move, watch my smoke." "But I'm going to need some good clothes." " Well you go on up. I'm going to find you some." " Yeah, yeah, size 39." " 39." " Stripes." "Something nice." "You stop that noise!" "You and your husband or I throw you both out." "Who is landlord?" "Me!" "You do as I say." "Your mother's eye socks, I do like you say!" "Frankie..." "You look great!" "How're ya feeling Frankie?" "I mean...." " Fine, fine, just fine." "Hi ya landlord." " She and husband fight all the time." "Hollerthrow things!" " Nothing changes." " This is respectable house, and I am respectable man!" "Respectable my eye!" "Go on get out, you're late for the parole board." "Frankie..." "You're home." "Oh Frankie, I love you so much!" "I've missed you so." "I've been so lonely Frankie, without you." " l've been so lonely without you." " Sssh, stop crying." "Let me look at you." " My eyes are going to be all red." " No, you look fine." " ls the cold sore gone?" " Yeah, you look real good." "I've had this cold sore, and I wanted to look real nice for you when you came back. I was afraid that it wouldn't be gone, so I put this cream on." "Everything is going to be all right.." "Oh, you didn't see." "Look, V got the cake by the bakery, but the sign I made." "Sort of like a welcome home." "Gee, it's like a real party or something." "Real nice." " How are you Frankie?" " l'm clean." "Sure?" " l kicked it for keeps." " Did it hurt?" "How was it there for you?" "They treated me fine down there." "There was this doctor, Dr. Lennex, he was real good to me." "Frankie!" "Did you miss me?" "Of course I missed you." "What kind of silly question is that?" "Of course I missed you." "Honest, no kidding." " What have you got there?" " You'll see." "Oh, I brought you something." " Oh, it an exquisite thing." " You like it?" "I made it myself, out of cigarette wrappers." "It's just an exquisite thing, that's all." "You made it?" "Yeah." "Yeah, for a hobby like." "You see part of the cure, was to keep yourself busy, doing things you enjoy" "Like for instance, I wanted to learn to drum and music." "And Dr. Lennex got them to help me do it." "During the day I was kept busy enough, butduring the night I'd get restless and I wanted to keep my mind of the craving." "I made that." " There's something important I've got to tell you." " What?" "I forget right now." "A whistle?" "I was scared sometimes being alone." "So Vi got it for me and I should blow for her when I wanted her" "Go on, you were telling me." "The first thing you do when you get there, is you talk to a doctor for about 2 hours.." "I know!" "I know what it is. I know what I wanted to tell you." "Vi took me to this movie and the girl's kid brother had a friend and who do you think he looked like?" " Who?" " You!" "That was a good movie." "Stage show was real good too." "We owe Vi 80 cents for the movie, I was broke." "We owe her for the cake too." "How come you didn't have any money?" "Swrick didn't kick in regualr?" " No." " Well, he was suppose to." "It was his joint they raided, not mine. I was just the dealer." "I kept my mouth shut and took the rap." " lf he didn't send 50 a month regular, how much did he?" " Well he sent 50, but not regular" "See Vi had to kick in for me sometimes." "She took good care of you?" "You had fun with her?" "Yeah.....but not like when you're here." "It was terrible being alone Frankie...and my legs when they hurt, she don't massage like you." " What do they say by the clinic?" " l stopped going by that goofy clinic." "The clinic must know what right." "You got to start the clinic again." "You got to get well." "Vi dreamed that this new doctor around the corner, he cured me. I'd have gone to him already, but he ain't free like the clinic." "But now you're back making money again, and I'll go." "I'm finished with Shrika. I won't deal for him no more." "But you always deal." "You're a dealer." "You're the best dealer in the business." "No more. I'm a drummer now.." " Don't make jokes Frankie. I never know when you're making jokes." " Who's joking?" "Listen." "Nice huh?" "It's Dr. Lennex. I told him my whole life story from when I was born, almost." "And about you and me." "But he told me that if I lived when I got out, like I lived before I went in there, chances are I would be hooked again in no time..." "So that's why I want to get with a band." "Listen." " How's that?" " Cute." " What did you tell him about me, this doctor?" " l told him about getting some money and getting you well." "Then he said getting with a band was a good way to go at it." "He even gave me the name of a guy right here in town, to get a job." "I mean with this man, if he's ever heard of this great doctor." "Most time these things just don't come through." " l got this." " What is it?" "It's a letter from the Doc." " l think I'll go call him now" " Now?" "Let's talk about it tomorrow." " You'll be all right." " You've haven't even tasted the cake yet." " l'll only be a minute." " l'll be right up." "No, now Frankie." " l'll only be a minute." " l'll be right up." "No, now Frankie." "First, taste a piece of nice....cake." " Hey, you coming baby?" " Yeah, I'm coming John." " Molly!" " Yeah, I'm coming John." "I want to talk to Mr. Harry Lane, please." " How about it huh?" " Machine, Mr. Franke Machine." "Yeah, I've got a letter of introduction for him." "From Dr Lennex." " Hello Frankie." " Dr. Martin Lennex." " How have you been Molly?" " Okay." "Come on baby, let's go." "A guy I met while you was away." " Mr. Lane. I've got a letter for you." " Come on, what do you say kiddo?" "This afternoon huh?" "Well I sure do appreciate it Mr. Lane, thank you very much." "Okay, good-bye." "Frankie!" "A new thing, by Brax Department Store." "No sales girls, you just help yourself." "It's what they call an honor system." "What's the matter Frankie?" "Feel that material." "And I figured, as long as I'm there...." "Nice huh?" "You all right?" "Frankie?" " l got the drummerjob." "Already?" "Wow!" "When I move, I move like a streak." "Think it looks all right?" "How come you ask me all of a sudden?" " l just want to know if it looks all right Sash?" "And my name ain't Sash, it's Sophia." "What's the matter?" "Nothing's the matter, 'cept how would you feel if your spine was hurting?" " Why didn't you say so?" " On account of it being your first day back, and I didn't want you to worry." " Don't be like that Sash." " ls it bad?" "Maybe the new doctor will do me some good huh?" " We'll go see him when I get back." " Oh, take me now Frankie." "Sash, I've got this appointment." "You know how much it means to me.." "We'll go as soon as I get back." " Please Frankie." " l'll hurry." " Well give me a little more massage first then, huh?" " Sash, I'm doing this for you to get some money so we can get you a good doctor." " Frankie..." " Look, I'll get you a dog too." "Get her a dog, will ya?" "I'll give the job my personal attention." "Just have confidence in the management." "Wish me luck Sash." "Frankie!" "Wait." "Wait Frankie!" " Wishes or wants, what could I do?" " Yeah, she just don't realize." " Shut up punk." "Just don't realize." "How would you like to be nailed to a chair?" "Frankie, Frankie, how are you?" "Well, it didn't do you no harm, did it Frankie?" " You look good." " That's right Shrika, it was a real country club." " They give you this when they let you out?" " They didn't give him nothing. I got it at Brax's." "I come as soon as I hear you are out. i figured you was worried about getting this job again." "Don't worry." "Shrika don't forget." " Job's waiting." " You need a dealer, you say?" "Do you?" "No!" "I've been dealing myself and I've built up a game like nobody's business. I've got a great following." "The play is bigger than ever." " l hear that you wasn't doing so good." " From who?" "When I say "great", I don't mean a lot, a few.." "loaded." " So, what do you want me for?" " Like I'm telling you. I take care of my friends." "Can I polish your halo Shrika, only a quareter" "Look, I've been doing all right." "But I don't say the customers like me better than they like you." "The dealer makes the house." " What do you say?" " No!" " You're dealing for some otherjoint?" " l ain't dealing for nobody I ain't dealing for nobody no more!" "is that the way you re-pay me?" "Didn't I send money to Sash?" "Here, I've gone and told all my friends that you'd be working for me again." "What am I suppose to do?" "As far as I'm concerned, you can go back to matching pennies with school kids." "Who is he?" " ls that a thing with them?" " They see each other." "You want to meet him?" " See ya Frankie." "Hey you..." " Get in dealer." " Who me?" "What for?" " You too punk." " l didn't do nothing." "Now wait, listen. I'm on my way to get a job. lt's important to me." " You can pick me up some other time." " l just need an hour" "Are you looking at being sued for liable or something." "I could sue you right now" " You're looking good Dealer, real good." " When did they let you out?" "Monday" " What's the charge?" " Shop lifting from Brax, this suit." " Who told you a thing like that?" " A little birdie." "A little bird with a cigar." " Shrika." "is that all you could stay out of trouble, two days, dealer?" "Listen, I got a chance at a job, playing with a band." "Honest, if you don't believe me, call the guy on the phone, he'll tell you.." " Just give me half hour, please." "Sure, you can have my badge too." " Book them and hold these two." " Look, all I need is a half hour Give me a break, will ya?" "I don't make the rules dealer." "You can't hold me. I'm incapable. I ain't smart enough to be running around loose, but I'm too goofy to be locked up." " Let go of the neck." " Let go of the neck. I've got a complaint." "Let go of the neck." "Hey you, I'm talking to you." "Oh the old silent treatment huh." "Let's have your number fella.." "Frankie, you got a cigarette?" "Do a cigarette trick, you knowjust to break the dirty monotomy." "Hello dealer. I come running as soon as I heard." "You want I should get you out dealer?" "The store will drop the charges, but 37 bucks is a lot of dough." "How do I know you'd pay me back?" " You fink!" " lt'd be different if you was dealing for me." " lf you want to deal for me, I can get you out." " You dirty lousy, stool pigeon." "I don't know what you mean." "Just trying to do you a favor." "Yes, or no?" "Okay..." "He took off like a whipped dog." "He's scared of you Frankie." " Nobody's ever been scared of me." "Them Krautz was scared of you." "You was a big man in the army." "Big man. I was the guy that picked the fly spots out of the pepper." "Get me out!" "Can you get me a fix?" " Big Ace's and here we go down and dirty" " Better luck next time." "I'll see that." "Coffee!" "Doesn't mean a thing, unless you have the King." "Bet more, win more." "ou still take tips dealer?" "Or don't they pay in the music game?" "What happened to that big job you had lined up?" "You stink out the joint?" "Give us a fresh deck.." "I decide when we need a fresh deck at this table.." " Hey Louie." "Borrow me a dirty dollar." " Get back at the door, lame-brain." " l take orders only from Frankie." "Don't give me lip you cheap little hustler" "Hustler?" "I'm ligit compared to some." "Ain't no 14 year old junkies waiting around to see me." "Do you want to die?" "nd here we go, down and dirty" "I'll deal the next one down.." " Sorry." " What's the sign of when a dealer's hands begin to shake?" "Take over for a while, will ya?" "All right men, new deal." "Okay men, here we go, down and dirty" "Ace.....seven....." "You know what's eating at you?" "You showed up the mob, for kicking it for keeps." "So now you're ashamed to think, well even what you think.." "Ain't that right?" "You know I don't talk about my customers, so who'd be the wiser?" "Why fight it dealer?" "Who, for what?" "Come over to my place." "What do you say?" "I'll be around." "They told me you was working here, so I was passing by and thought I'd come in and have a drink.." " Well, I've been here awhile." " Doing any good?" "All right." "Small cut of the game, usual cut of the drinks." " Ain't got all night." " Right." "Have something." " Fine." " Two doubles." " You didn't have to do that Frankie." " No reason you should be losing money by wasting your time talking to me." "You know you're no waste." "I was hoping you'd come see me.Y" " You know how it is Molly." " Sure, so busy now." "Here's to it Mollyo." "Mollyo. I haven't heard that since you went away." " You're looking good Frankie." " Feel good." " They tell me you're going to be a drummer now" " Yeah!" " l've got an appointment with a man tomorrow." " Oh, that's swell." " Probably I won't get the job though." " Sure you will." " l don't play good enough." " l bet you play fine." "You were always whistling and drumming on tables and things." "Real good too." "I mean it!" "You've got a natural rythm." "I was thinking, maybe of taking a stage name." "Jack Duvall." " Jack Duvall,Yeah, that's real class." " lt is, ain't it?" " That's a swell name. lt fits you Frankie." " This guy I'm going to see tomorrow, he books all the big bands." " lf l get on with him and wear a tux." " You look swell in a tux." " l already got the drums." " Pardon. I need a buck." "Ante up kid." "I got lonely.." "I needed somebody and he's a poor beat guy who needs somebody too." "Everybody needs somebody." " But you can do better than him." " Can I Frankie?" "Molly I...." "l thought a lot about you when I was away About you and me and Sash." "It would never work out between you and me as long as she is sitting upstairs in that chair lt'd be different if she didn't love me, and she wasn't so helpless." "You can't make a fool of someone if they love you and they're so helpless." "That's why I didn't come around sooner." "And that's why I ain't coming around no more." "You understand?" "Sure......sure I understand.." " You're a good girl Molly." " ...real good." "Frankie..." "Good luck with that fellow tomorrow" "You're not the first to come to me with a letter from Dr Lennex." " l've taken care of a lot of you people." "The doctor told me." "I like doing it, you understand." "So don't feel that this is charity, or anything like that." " Have you played professionally before?" " Only down at Lexinton." "I see, then you wouldn't mind auditioning?" "I mean I know some band leaders who might have an opening, but they'd have to be sure that you can play" " Oh sure, sure." " Okay..." "There's only one thing Frankie." "You see......" "A good many people like yourself, they mean well, but they're weak." "They let me down." "I mean I go to all this trouble." "Vouch for them, and they go back on the habit." " lt makes me look bad." " Oh, I wouldn't honest!" "I'm telling you this because, once a man lets me down, I'm done with him." "Even if he comes back on his knees." "And don't think that some of them haven't." " l wouldn't let you down Mr. Lane." " Good!" "I'll call you a week from Friday, about noon.Okay?" " l sure do appreciate it." " Oh, forget it." " Good-bye." " Good-bye." "Do you like my hair better this way, or swept up Frankie?" "Well you could at least tell me. lt ain't my fault he don't phone." "What did I say?" "Just don't hold your breath to hear from that guy, that's what I said." "He told you noon." "Here it is almost 6 o'clock already so how do you think he'll phone?" "I just don't want you should eat your heart out, is all." "Forget the whole thing Frankie, I bet he has." "I just don't want you should eat your heart out, is all." "Forget the whole thing Frankie, I bet he has." "You think he's got nothing better to do than to worry about you?" "Ha!" "Excuse me...." "Hello." "Oh, just a minute." "It's for you." "Hello.." "Are you Dr. Dominaski?" " Yes, I came as soon as I could." "Well, how you feel little lady?" " See, the doctor asks how I'm feelilng." " We'll have you feeling fine in one, two, three." "What is this?" "This happens to be an electric blood reverser and spine manipulator." " What's the gimmack?" " Gimmack?" "It so happens brother, that I am a member of the American Association of Medical Psycology, Hydrology and Divine Healing." "Where's the socket?" "cold hands." "Poor cirrculation." "Eat lots of hot things." "Chilies, peppers, hot sauces." " Pickles?" " Not more than 3 a day." "Now lean forward, and we'll vibrate the vertabres." " Know how I got like I am?" "My spine was hurt." "Oh I can see that." "Your ligaments and vertabres are locked together." "In a car accident it was hurt." "Three years ago, May 11th." "Maybe you read about it in the papers huh?" "This is the car that it happened in." "That's me, laying there." "My husband was the one driving the car and he was drunk." " Drunk?" " He got me in this accident and smashed me up good, so that I can't walk anymore or dance anymore." "And he married me right here, in the hospital chapel." " Sash!" " eeling a little better?" " Yeah, much better." "Hey Frankie, guess what?" "I got that dog for Sash." "Free spirit!" "Every claw and hair on him is a champion." "Champion of what?" "He brings back empties." "Here, I'll show you." "He's all dog." "You can make money out of him Frankie." "What he's really good at, is catching those squirrels in the park, and shaking the peanuts out of them." "Only thing he is trained to chase is a certain kind of squirrels and they're getting kind of rare in Chicago, because of the climate changing." "You know what I mean?" "So he's just hanging around, waiting for the climate to change back a little." "He's got a real fighting heart." "He's dizzy, but he still in there trying." " Take the dog up to Sash." " Frankie!" "You're not going with him!" "No!" "In a minute dealer." " Five bucks. ." " Last time, it was two." "It was more than 6 months ago, before you went away.." "They keep raising the price on me." "If they keep doing that, I'll have to find something to take its place." "The monkey's never dead dealer." "The monkey never dies." "When you kick him off, he just hides in a corner, waiting his turn." "The monkey will die waiting." "He ain't climbing up on my back no more." "Never again. I mean it." "Sure....." "Look Frankie!" "Look how he drinks it. lt's so cute." "He's got a thirst like a bar-fly." "Hello....." "You still expecting that connection to call?" "For you own piece of mind, forget him." "The Doc said that I could count on Mr Lane, and the Doc doesn't lie." "The Doc." "Look at me, a doc told you I'd be up and around in no time, and am I?" "Have you seen my sticks?" "Have you seen my drumsticks anywhere?" "You know what I'm going to get for this little dog?" "A little rain coat, like for when it rains." "Plaid maybe, or maybe all yellow" "Where are my drumsticks, Sash?" " How'd they get up here?" " You liked that, didn't you?" " Sash, I never keep them up here." " You drank it all up didn't you?" "Sash!" "I putthem there." "I stood right up and I putthem there, all right?" " No kidding?" " Maybe Vi, when she was straightening up for me. I don't know." "Stop picking on me." "Frankie..." "You can't keep stoning yourself about it.." "There must be a million drummers that play better than you, who can't getjobs." "Just remember that and you're going to feel better" "Yeah sure, I will." "Can the noise." " What's this for Sash?" " What?" "Oh Vi." "She laid it out for groceries." "We owe her even more." " You got any?" " No." "I don't know what we're doing with all our money" "Don't you get enough cards by Shrika?" " l just do it to kill passtime, that's all." " Well, what about my passtime?" " What did you say this was for?" " l sit here all the time and you don't even talk to me." "We got any more beer?" "I'd like some." "Beer bloats Sash, when you can't exercise." "Here pick a card." "Nothing is good for me. I am only 25 and it's like I'm an old lady already." " ls it my fault I can't exercise?" " Do you want to pick a card, or don't you want to pick a card?" "No, I don'twantto pick a card." "all I want isjust, isjust a Iittle...." "A little what Sash?" " Oh, just a little....." "A little beer, a little fun, a little anything." "I can't dance anymore, I can't swim and I can't even drink beer." "I don't even know what kinds they got anymore." "What other kinds they got these days Frankie?" "All right!" "Pretend I ain't here." "You're wishing all the time that I'd have gotten killed that night." "I don't wish any such thing." "If I don't talk, you get mad. lf l say anything, you bite my head off.." "I don't know whether I'm coming or going Sash." "I told you, it gives me headaches." "Well, I've got to practice sometime Sash. lf the job comes along, I want to be ready." "The job, the job!" "Take it to your girlfriend if you're going to practice." "What?" "Take them down and give her the headache." "Do you know what you're saying Sash?" "Do you know wht you are talking about?" " Don't give me that innocent look." " l haven't said two words to her since I come back." " Just cause I sit here, you don't think I know what goes on?" " Not two words." "I know plenty." "Cut it out will ya Sash." "Take them down to that tramp if you want to make noise." "Take them down to her, why don't you?" "All right, I will." "Frankie....." "Frankie, I didn't mean....." " l have 12 cents to a beer. lf l had 15, I'd be all right." " l've got 6 cents, here ya go." "I ain't going to stand it much longer The heartaches my old man gives me." "You know what he likes to do most?" "Tear the dates off the calendar, watching him." "That's suppose to be my big Saturday night pleasure." "Sometimes he loses all control and tears off the whole week at once." "He'll eat them like a billygoat." " Know what would fill up that empty spot in your life?" " What?" "A dog." "Ask a satisfied customer." "Frankie that dog I got you, it makes a big difference in your life, doesn't it." "Yeah." "I want to see." " l want to see you." "After the inning." "Hi Frankie." " You make out all right with the fellow with the job?" " The drumming job?" "Yeah, fine, fine." "Well not so fine." "He sort of tapped out on me." "He promised to call me, but.." "It's too bad." "There's a million drummers in the world and how do I rate?" "Maybe he lost your number?" "It happens." "Maybe he just wishing you'd keep in touch." "He'd think I was a pest." "Why should he?" "A good drummer, that's something that don't turn up everyday" "Come on Frankie, call him." "Call him Frankie." "Come on Molly, watch the game huh?" "Oh I don't feel like it Johnnie." "Why don't you go ahead, I'll wait for you." "Yes studio B, Monday morning, thank you Mr Lane." "Monday!" "I got an audition Monday Me!" "He told me to join the union and get ready to work." " Oh that's wonderful." " You know, he did lose my phone number" "He was trying to find me all week long." "Here I was ready to forget the whole thing." "Gee, if you hadn't opened your mouth, I wouldn't have called him." " Sure you would have." " l've got an audition with a big band." " Me on TV." " Practice a lot Frankie." "Practice?" "I'll beat those heads to a shred." "Only I got to find a place where." "Sash can't stand the noise." "Molly?" "Do you think I could put the drums in your place and sort of drop in once in a while?" "Why not?" "Molly, why not?" " ohnny wouldn't understand." " So, what could he do?" "It ain't a question of what he could do Frankie." "A fellow like Johnnie can't do much of anything." "It's a question of what it does to him. I'm all he has in the world, and I don't want to hurt him." " Molly, for crying out loud...." " l want you to know Frankie, a fellow like him......." " ..." "Sometimes when we're all alone...." " What does he do?" "Cry?" "He's a lush Molly." "He's a 100%/% habitual drunk!" "Look, everybody's a habitual something." "With him it's liquor, that's all." " Please Molly." "Mollyo." " lt ain'tjust that Frankie...." "l don't want it to start with us again." "Look what you said about us not seeing each other, it was the truth." "Even if we went away, I'd try to..... ltjust doesn't add up. lt never did, it never can." " Well give it a chance. I told you it would one day" "All my life's been "one day"." " On and on and on." " l've got drums, I'm headed for a good job. ls that so on and on and on?" "I make some money, I make Sash well." "What's so on and on about that?" " Don't shut me out Molly I'm trying." " You wanted to see me?" " No!" " What do you mean "no"?" " Vi!" "Here, for what we owe." "Frankie, Vi says can't trust me." "Tell her Frankie, what an honest hustler I am." "Frankie!" "I guess maybe you could drop in once in a while." "Thanks Mollyo." "See you tonight Molly." " How's that?" "Real nice." " You should have heard what I did a little while ago. .." " Good huh?" "I hope the neighbors liked it too." "I'm very big with the neighbors." "They keep banging on the pipes to let me know how much they appreciate it." " l won't let it go to my head though." " You keep playing drums at 5 a.m..... and you'll see what goes to your head." "Slip me a smile and I'll give you my autograph." "You won't have to fight your way through the bobby soxers to get to me." "I bet those bobby-soxers go for that." "Tired?" "Yes, but in a very nice way. I've been feeling good all night." " l joined the muscian's union today." " Shrika loan you the money?" " Him?" "Who did?" " Nobody. I'm going to hock the drums." " Oh Frankie!" " l've got it figured out pretty good." "When I get a job, I'll take an advance and get the drums out again. ln the meantime, I'll use the practice pads." "You should have asked Shrika." " Haven't even seen him." " You didn't go to work?" " No, I've been practicing here all night." " l quit the game Molly. ." " lt woulnd't have hurt you to wait a couple of days Frank." "I wanted to quit. I'm quitting a couple of things." "is it bad?" "Not too bad." " You shouldn't have started again." " Who knows why I started in the first place?" "I guess in the beginning you do it only for kicks. I got my first shot for nothing." "I thought I could take it or leave it alone." "So I took it." "And I took it again and again." "One day Louie wasn't around. I nearly went crazy till I found him." "Lord I was sick!" "." "I was so sick." "You can't be that sick and live." "That's when I knew I was hooked." "There was a 40 pound monkey on my back." "The only way to get along with a load like that, is to keep getting a fix." "Don't..... I'm one of the lucky ones, Molly." "I kicked it and I'm not too far hooked to kick it again." "I've had my last fix." "Tell me something." "Do you think those bobby-soxers' will really go for me?" "Yes, they will." "Maybe I'll get Sparrow a job with the orchestra." "And when I can get enough money together, I can get Sash into a real good hospital, so she can walk and dance again." "And then maybe..." " Who is it?" " Shrika, open up!" "Just a minute." " All right where is he?" " Frankie?" " Frankie!" "Where is he?" " Well what is it, what did he do?" "What'd he do?" "You know what he did, he quit!" "No notice, no nothing." "He sends words by that mistress that he's through. I had to take the spot myself." "Where is he?" " He wasn't at the game?" " Would we be looking for him all over, if he'd been at the game?" "He eats my bread." "Six years, he eats my bread." "He gets put away, I send you money regular." "He gets out and I give him his job back." " Shut up!" "What do you mean "shut up"?" "Do you think it was easy talking men like Williams and Marquee up to a two-bit game like you?" " Louis......." "Louis....." " l sold them on Frankie." "Why are we getting excited?" "They were a bat in the pocket and hungry for action." "We finally get a chance to score big.... ..and you lose the deal." "Look Louie I swear." "When Marquee and Williams come, the dealer will be there." "Or a playerjust as good. ..." "There ain't none as good." " Why didn't you offer him more money, a piece of the play." " From your end or mine?" "What's the difference, whose end?" "You expect me to stand here and argue about pennies?" "Look." "I'm a musician.." "Well, how does it feel?" "Well, it feels like...." "You'd better hang on to my arm, or I'll go up like a balloon." "I'm a musician." " Where are we going?" " l don't know, but I want to buy you something." " No." " l've got to spend some money or I'll bust." " How about one of those, only in green?" " Frankie..." " Maybe a color TV set." "They're pretty." "Would you look at this production. .." "And only for cooking." "Now who would want a thing like that?" " Boy, it's goofy huh?" " lt's pretty huh?" " l wonder what he does for a living?" " Him?" "He must make a nice dollar." "Look at the way he dresses her and a kitchen like that." "I notice he doesn't help her. I bet he didn't even marry the girl." "Look she ain't even wearing a ring on her finger." "She takes it off when she cooks, maybe and he's tired after a hard days' work." "Okay, let him sit there, but at least he could talk to her once in a while." "He doesn't have to sit there with his nose buried in a magazine." " l would talk to her." " What would you say?" "I'd say, how you been?" "How did it go today?" "What's for supper?" "Steaks for supper and everything went fine today" "Steaks!" "Good." "Now how about you and me stepping out tonight after we eat." " Why don't we just stay home and listen to music?" " Yeah." "I like that better." "We'll just stay home and turn on some music." "I wish it were Monday already." " Hi Sash!" " Where have you been?" " Shrika has been here." "He said you quit." "Where have you been?" "Look!" " Why did you quit him?" "I've got a try-out on Monday -lf the band leader likes me, I'm hired.Jeg har måske fået etjob med et band." "Frankie, go tell Shrika you was fooling, you'll deal." "Maybe this band leader won't like how you play" "Sash look. I joined a muscian's union." "Why do you got to go around changing things?" "Why can't it be like always?" "Why do you got to quit dealing Frankie?" " How we going to live with no money coming in?" " lt'll start coming in Monday." "Suppose they call this great "try-out" of." "You can't tell me it's a sure thing, can you?" "Frankie, deal for Shrika like always." "Forget this "great" job!" "I quit dealing Sash. I can't take the chance, don't you understand?" "If the joint gets raided and I get picked up again, Mr. Lane would be through with me." "And then how will I play with a band?" " How you going to play if Shrika gets your arms broke?" " What?" "Yeah, right here he said it." "And he wanted to slap me around too." "Why can't it be like always?" "A single." " You miserable piece of humanity." " l've got a right to quit if I want." " Marquee and Williams are coming tomorrow." " Don't you realize the signifigcance?" "Leave me alone." "I'll leave you alone. ln the alley with the cats looking." "That's enough Shrika. lf he don't want to deal, he don't want to deal." " What are you talking about?" " Don't you raise your voice to me, you slob." "He's no slave." "You can't force him, so what's the use?" " He...." " We've had the best of him all these years." "Don't be a pig!" "He ain't interested." "All right, all right." "Marquee and Williams have never heard of him." "Money?" "Something to blow your nose on." "I wash my hands." "He's just a pig, that's all." "Still you can't blame him, so much." "Let the biggest ones get away, because the best dealer isn't working for you anymore." "That ain't easy to swallow." "You're the best all right." " You're a squeeze player Louis." "Been tried on you before?" "NNah, I'm new around here.." " Are we really asking so much dealer?" " One night. I will..." "You help us make a bundle and we'll spread that sunshine around." "Couldn't you use a couple of hundred?" "Maybe 2 5 0?" "2 5 0 pays a lot of doctor bills." " Tomorrow huh?" " Frankie..." "Let him make up his own mind." "Okay, but for one night." "Win or lose." "Sunup, I case the deck." "Sure, you're the dealer." "What a load off." "Now I can sleep." "Take care of that arm." "Quite a character huh?" "Are you jacking up the price right now, or do you really have that music job?" "If they like what they hear." "Chancy huh?" "Nervous?" "So, what are we waiting for?" " Don't talk about it. lt's tough enough." "I know, I know. I put down a craving once." "No, candy, sweets. I used to be eating it all the time." "Got examined for the army and they said you've got sugar in your blood friend." "You've got to give up sweets forever, or it's good-bye Charlie." " l had to give up candy." " My gums bleed for you. lt's awful." "It was." "That unfinished feeling that you got all the time." "Well, I don't have to tell you." " So don't!" "l mean you got this one thing on the mind all the time." " Can't stop thinking about it." "You're just a mine of information aren't you?" "." "You know what I did?" "I said to myself." "Okay, off sweets forever." "Well, forever can start tomorrow." "For once in my life, I'm going to eat all the candy that I can hold. I bought 18 dollars and 20 cents worth of candy and lugged it up to my room." "All night long, I ate candy I was sick. I was sweating, but I kept shoving it in." "Ever since then, when I think about candy I say to myself, well you can't complain." "You once had it and had it good." "You know what I mean?" "How's it Mollyo?" " All right Frankie, but where have you been?" " What'll you have?" "A couple of ryes." "All day, I was expecting you'd be in to practice." "Practice?" "I'll get down there and knock them dead." "It's all in the wrist and I've got the touch Molly." "Look at that, steady as a rock. lt can do anything I want it to do." " Keep the change pal." " Thanks." " You got a cigarette Frankie?" " Sure." "You're on it again Frankie." "Why, why?" "No, listen Molly, listen." " Why?" "Molly!" " Molly..." " Beat it!" " Take a walk!" " Molly listen to me, I can explain." "Molly I just want to talk." "Will you get out of here!" " Molly." " Stop it please!" "." " You'll lose yourjob." "Can't you manage this." " Molly, listen to me." "Leave me alone, both of you!" "Molly!" "Molly..." "Molly!" "Molly..." "listen to me." "Molly. open the door." "Molly would you open the door" "Molly!" "Molly!" "molly...åben døren..." "Molly!" "Where are you going Molly?" " lf you let me explain, you'll know why I did it." " Taxi!" "molly will you listen." "Let me tell you what's happened." "Where you going Molly?" "No Molly!" "Molly!" " Don't forget to get it cleaned out." " l already cleaned it." "And say please when you talk to me, or I'll buy my own and go into business for myself." "How's that Frankie?" "Nothing huh?" "I'm reminding you Shrika, I get 2-21/2, maybe more." "Would I go back on my word?" "How're you feeling dealer?" " Hi ya Shrika." " Good-evening." " Yeah?" " ls this the place?" "I don't know what place you mean buddy This is the leather belt and company You want to buy a belt?" "Come right in." "We've just started." "How have you been?" "l could handle the door better if I was blind." " Oh, you couldn't heat towels for a barber" " Good-evening Shrika." " Good to have ya!" "You the machine?" "Man with the golden arm huh?" "Let's see you try and take this away.." "Here we go, down and dirty." "No ladies allowed, you know that V." " ls Frankie in there?" " What's the matter?" "Sash. I can't get her to sleep." "Her and Frankie had an arguement and she's almost out of her mind. ls he in there?" " Well, I can't call him now - l just want to know if he's here?" "l've been bounced around on the street like a pool ball." " l've been bounced around on the street like a pool ball." " l got to get back in." " Well tell him she's worried, if you get a chance." " Three aces." "Two pairs." "Possible straight flush." "Aces, two hundred." "I'll call your two hundred and raise you two." "I'll have a look for four hundred and I'll spot you three hundred more." "It's up to you." "l don't know, I just don't know." " You've got three aces, show him." " He's got a possible straight flush, with a queen showing." " l tell you he's bluffing." "He bluffed me out of a couple tonight." "You wouldn't be jerk enough to try it again, would you?" " Bet and find out." " Well bet, bet. I tell you he's a bluff artist." " Call it." " l call it and raise it 500 more." " Sammy!" " Jeg ved hvad jeg laver ." "I'll have a look and house bumps you 500 more." " l told you, I told you he had it." " Shut up and let me think." " lt's up to you." " What's the rush, I want to know?" " Your bet, two pairs." " l heard you." "What is this?" "A forced game?" "A man has a right to study his hand." "Bet or fold!" " Lose your hand Sammy." " l tell you he's got it, don't throw good money after bad. I know what I'm doing." "What'd you have?" "You didn't pay to find out." "Nothing." "A lousy two nines." "You let him bluff you out of a full house, with a lousy two nines." "You do that again at this table, and you're through." "Ah, forget it this once dealer." "He paid plenty for it." " You're good dealer, maybe too good." " What do you mean by that?" " Cut the talk." "Deal, deal." " Come on, get some of this smoke out of here." " What do you mean too good?" " lf the shoe fits brother." " Okay, that's it for the deck." " What?" " What?" " Well, we always break up around now" " One more round." "What about my money?" "One more round." "What about my money?" " Frankie, how about it?" " Nope, just give me what's coming to me." " One more round huh?" "I'll deal." "You?" "We want to play Machine." "You think I can't sell you a thing or two?" "Sit down and we'll get going." " What about my money?" " As soon as we break." " Give us a chance." "Go home." " home." "You'll get it later." "Okay, ante up, here we go." " 100." " Yeah....100..." "Okay, here we go." "Good morning Frankie." " ls Louis still here?" " He's doing an apple plexy but they're doing a sweet in there." "We're getting murdered." " You got to get in here and start dealilng. I ain't taking the slot." " Look." "You got to make it stop." " No deal, no fix." " Give me my money and I'll go see someone else." "Give me my money and I'll go see someone else." " You owe it to me." " Take me to court." " You got to make it stop." " You got to make it stop." "I've got to get some sleep. I've got to be fresh tomorrow." "Work a few hours, do us a favor. I'll guarentee you'll feel like a week." " Please Louis, now." " Drop dead!" "Wait a second." "Okay..." "Louis says you've got money for him." "So give it to me, he's waiting." "I know he's waiting." "They all say the same thing." "Tell Louis, like he tells us, nothing." " Not a penny?" " Nope." " How is it up there?" " How is it up there?" " The dealer is losing huh?" " What happened to that golden arm?" "Don't worry about the dealer." "The game's just going on a day and a half, he'll come through." "Why not, with those educated fingers." "Now you see it, now you don't." "You keep your dirty mouth off the dealer." "Frankie runs a clean game and there ain't nothing in the world that could make him change that." "Hey Antak...." "All right, all right." "Can you let me have 1000?" "Hold it a minute." "Give me some of that." "I've got to get out of here Louis. I'm dead. I haven't slept in two days." "It'll be just a little while now I ain't doing you any good." "The house is still losing." "Stay with it dealer, the class is beginning to tell." "Just stay with it.." " l just can't." "My head won't work no more." " Louis der er ikke flere at ringe til." " Lippy." " Can't find him." " l'll find him." "He's loaded." " l'm getting out of here." "Just a little longer I'm going to make a call, then I'll take you over to my place." " Now where were we." " Jeg vil se." " Coffee?" " Good and black!" "l can't raise another cent" " De bliver ved at smide penge på bordet" "Every pot almost, they're raising and raising until we are forced out." " What day is it?" " Kan du ikke finde nogen vi kan låne af?" "What day is it?" "is it Monday yet?" "Listen to me..." "Are you listening to me?" " Hvad?" "The next big pot they try are forcing you out, you've got to stay with them." " Shrika won't let me." "He keeps nudging me to fold." "Shrika won't let me." "He keeps nudging me to fold." "You can't be sure though." "There's a way you can be sure." "You can do anything you want with those cards." "That's only for fun. I haven't got nerve to do it for real." " You want to get out of here, don't you?" " What?" " You want to get to that try-out in good condition, don't you?" " Yeah, I want to get there feeling good." "Well then make sure, you know what I mean." "Let's get on with the game, I feel hot." "Okay dealer..." " l'm in." " l'm in." "Three." "King." "Jack. ." " l think that's enough." "Call." " Pair of strays." "I'm back with 500." "House sees." "Three strays, King, Jacks." "I bet 500 bucks." " Take off your glasses." " No!" " l didn't know. I didn't know." " l'll get to you in a second." "I didn't know. lt hasn't happened before." "Ask anybody." "You don't deal for me no more." " You want him?" " l wouldn't dirty my hands." "How was I to know." "You fellows, you know I've been running an honest game." "Tell them!" "Frankie..." "Everything's all right now Frankie." "Frankie, what's a little cupping around huh?" "Nothing." "Am I right?" "You'll see." "You should have seen Shrika's face, when Williams said he'd get to him in a minute." "He went white!" "It was so funny" "Cut it out, you hear me!" " You was the best sport I knew my whole life." " You hear me?" "Stay away from me punk!" " Hurry quick!" " l want to get some sleep." "It's beginning to wear off quit for you?" "You're a graduating student." "You're going to have to step it up." " Please hurry." " All right" " Let's see your money." " Later, later!" " Right now." " Trust me this once, will you?" "No, I don't do that." "I'll pay you twice as much later, but I got to do something right now." "I'll even push for you." "Louis heard." "A flipping junkie always says that." " Louis, please." "Get your dirty hands off me." "Frankie..." " Wake up." "Get up!" " Where did you put it?" " Where do you keep it?" " Let him go." "I can't find it." "Frankie, please let me take you home." "I've got to be on time." "Frankie..." "What's the matter." "Come on, let's try to really cook it." " Mr. Machine." " Mr. Lanes." " Can you read music?" " Yes." "Shelby, let Mr. Machine sit in on this one." "Number 37, it's right in front of you." "Do you know it Mr. Machine?" "Okay, let's try." "Mr. Machine, the first four bars are all you." "Come on, let's try it again." "One, two, three, four." " l'm sorry. ." "Are you all set?" "Once again." "One, two, three, four" "Okay Shelby, let's go." " Sash, have we any money?" " l need some money." "No, what's the matter?" "There was some around here yesterday, wasn't there?" "I need some money Sash." "There was some around here yesterday, wasn't there?" "I need some money Sash." "Well, there isn't any." "What is it Frankie?" "What is it?" "You can walk?" "Since when?" "What's the angle?" "What are you and Frankie trying to prove?" "Come on tell me." "One hustler to another" "Let me in on it or I'll croon for it, you hear?" "I'll tell everybody you can walk, you always could." "I'll tell them all you can walk, you old phoney!" "." "No...." "Louis!" "." "No Louis, you can't do that." "You can't tell anybody Please Louis." " Keep your hands off me." " Please Louis." "Molly..." "Molly." "Ain't that the way it happened?" "They had a fight and the next thing you know, Louis is falling." "Come on, level Sash." "Don't try to out-think me, you'll only get tangled." "I don't know anything about a fight. I was sleeping the whole morning, right here in this chair" "Then for all you know, it did happen that way While you were sleeping, Frankie shoved him over." " He didn't!" " How do you know it?" "You were sleeping." "It wasn't like I was sleeping, more like dozing kind of." "I'd have heard a fight, if there was one." "Frankie didn't do it, he wasn't even here." " When wasn't he here?" " When it happened." "How can you be sure if you was dozing?" "I was up when he left." "That's how I'm sure." "I saw him go." "And he was home this morning." "Only a second." "He didn't get in a fight, he was here only a second." "Why didn't he stick around?" "Was somebody after him?" "Nobody was after him, nobody." "He just wanted some money is all." " Money?" "What for?" " l don't know what for." "Afix!" "He wanted it for a fix from Louis." " lt had nothing to do with Louis." " How do you know?" "Cause there was no money." "Why would he want to see Louis for a fix, he there was no money?" "To try and get one without money" "Okay, I can wait." "Wherever he is, sooner or later he's got to come up for a fix." "Molly, Molly wait please." "It's finished Frankie." "Like I told you." "But I've got to talk to you Molly," " No!" "Once and for all!" "Molly, I've got to talk to you." "You got any money Molly?" "I need a few dollars." "10 dollars would do it. I'd get it back to you in a few days." "Or 5 even." "Five would be fine, please." "I feel so sick Molly. I hurt all over. I feel so bad." "Don't say no, please don't say no." "Why not Molly why not?" "Jump off a rope if you're going to kill yourself, but don't ask me to help you." "I'll do anything for you Molly..." " But right now you've got to help me. I need a shot." " No!" "Five would do it, or three or two even, but please hurry." "You mustn't take that dirty stuf no more." "I know, I know you're right. I promise, but right now I just need a fix." "Just one fix." "It'll help me stop hurting." "Then I promise you, I'll kick it for good." "Just a few dollars Molly." "Hello Molly. I just wanted to come and say hello." " Ain't you going to let me in?" " l asked you please to not bother me any more." " l miss you." " Look, I'm awfully tired Johnny." " l'll stay only a few minutes." " No." " Who's in there with you?" " Go away Johnny and don't come back." "Who is it?" "Not the dealer!" "You ain't hiding him, are you?" " You wouldn't be dumb enough to be an accessory would you?" " What do you mean accessory?" "He killed Louis." "The cops are looking for him this minute." " Frankie Machine." " ls he in there?" " No." " l'm coming in!" "Not if you ever want to see me again." " Will you meet me tomorrow." " Yeah, I'll be around the bar" "Maybe not tomorrow, but soon." "I miss you." "Honest, I didn't." "What am I going to do?" " Go tell Bedner, it wasn't you." " l couldn't." "I couldn't stand up to the cops the way I am." "Look at me. I'd say anything they'd want me to say just for a shot." " Then get cured first." "What are you talking about?" "How am I suppose to get cured." "You did it once.." "That was with help, with medicine and doctors." "I can't go apply at Lexington with a murder hanging over my head." "Couldn't you do it without going there?" "You mean just stop?" "Cold turkey?" "You don't understand." "The pain." "What else can you do?" "All I need is just one shot, just one." "Okay." "All right, here take it!" "Here, go on take it all." "Cause after that one shot, all you're going to need is another." "And then another and another Take it!" "Take it!" " Why should you hurt, like other people hurt?" " You had a dog's life, but never a break." "hy try to face it, like most people do?" "No just roll up all your pains, into one big hurt and then flatten it with a fix." "What do you think you'll find just outside that door?" "Don't you think Bedner knows what you are, and what you need?" "Just to get through that next hour..." "Don't you know, he's just waiting for you to come and get it." "Go on." "Let him kill you!" "Let him kill you. lt'll be quicker and better than doing it your way." "No!" "No!" "I won't let him kill me." "No!" "And I won't run into no grave." "But kicking it......" "A guy can't do it by himself." "I'll help." "You know what you are letting yourself in for?" "It ain't pretty." "And it could be dangerous." "If they find you here, then they find you, is all." "I don't mean dangerous from Bedner. I mean dangerous for me." "Sometimes a junkie will kill, to get away from the treatment." "Understand?" "So if you've got any knives or scissors in the house, you've got to put them away for a while." "And don't let me out of the room." "No matter what I say, or promise, or how much I beg." "Cause if I get out, it'll only be for a fix." "That's the way it is." "Do you understand?" "Just lock me in the room." "And if I try to make a break for it, just stop me any way you know how" "And no matter how much you see it hurting me, don't try to help me with pills or dope or anything else." "Do you think you can handle it?" "Here we go." "Down and dirty." "You can't hold me." "Sit down." "You can't hold me. I ain't got all my marbles, you know that Captain." "Write down the cases Sparrow." " l didn't do nothing." " But Frankie did something all right." "Now, I want you to tell me about it." "Whoever killed that peddlar, should get a ticker-tape parade." "Yeah, and maybe I'd lead the band, but I still want you to tell me about it." "Listen to me Sparrow." "When we catch him, he stands trial, whether you talk, or whether you don't." "The only question is, do I ticket you as an accessory?" "Bedner, don't nail me to the cross." "He's the only guy I've ever had for a friend." "He's nobody's friend anymore." "He smash you with a steam roller, if you got between him and a pop in the arm." "Come on talk Sparrow." "Okay, beat it." "Let me out!" "Yes?" " l thought I'd come and see how you've been Sash." "All alone, that's how I've been." "Something to eat." "Sausage." "All alone and worried sick." "Where is he?" "Do you know where he is?" "Did he go to you?" "What do you want anyway?" "What do you want anyway?" "I didn't tell Bedner anything." "The papers, they twist everything all up." "They wouldn't be able to, if you didn't let them." "I can't help what they do." "What do you expect me to do, sitting here?" "Just tell Bedner that Frankie wasn't here when it happened." "That he didn't do it." " l never said he did." " But that's how it sounds, if he was the only one around at the time." "And you know it was somebody else." "What do you mean?" "Who?" "don't know." "But maybe Bedner could figure it out if he didn't think it was Frankie." "What business is it of yours anyway?" "I just want to help, that's all." "Who are you kidding?" "You think I don't know what you really want?" "You think I don't know what you and him have been up to behind my back, while I had to sit here all these years?" " Had to sit here all these years." " No Sasha, you've got it wrong." "No!" "You've got it wrong!" "He put me in this chair, and as long as I sit here, he'll never leave me." " He knows he belongs to me." " Sash, I came only to help." "I wouldn't want to live it he left me, and I would rather see him dead, than go to you." " Sash, please." " YES, get out of here!" "GET OUT OF HERE YOU LOUSYTRAMP!" "Get out!" "Frankie NO!" " l can't stand it any longer" "Just a little longer." "Please help me." "Keep me warm." "I've got to get out and get a fix." "Open the door, or I'll kill you.." " l'll kill you." " Frankie, listen, if you......" " But I do have something put away to make it stop." " Give it to me quick!" "Where?" "I'll get it." "Molly!" "Molly!" "Let me out!" "Molly open the door." "Frankie?" "Frankie, answer me." "Frankie answer me." "Are you all right?" "Don't think you can fool me into opening this door I won't." "Are you all right Frankie?" "Please answer me." "Molly, if you love me, kill me, please!" "Oh, I'm so cold." "Make me warm." "Molly..." "Please Molly, make me warm..." "Oh Molly, I'm so cold!" "Oh God, O God." "Please make me warm Molly." "I'm so cold.." " l waited for you in the bar." " l told you it might not be right away I thought maybe you were sick or something. I just wanted to tell you, don't look for me at the bar anymore." "He threw me out last night, we had a little argument." " So make it the Safari huh?" " Yeah, sure Johnny, sure." "Pretty good, huh Molly?" " Take it slow now." " Oh, I'm all right." "Just a little rocky." "It's the most gorgeous day I ever saw." "I think it's the first day I ever saw." "I've got a craving for something sweet." "Have you got anything sweet?" " Sugar?" " Gimme!" "More, come on, more." "How can you Frankie?" "I neverfeltthis good In my Iife." "I feel like all the things Insise of me are settlIIng Into place." "Thanks Molly." "Mollyo!" " Look out, you'll scrape your face off!" " l don't care." " You got a razor I can use?" " Can I trust you with one?" "Cross my heart." " ls this the place?" " Yeah." " Okay, come on." " No please, you don't need me up there." "Where is he Molly?" " He didn't do it, honest." "I'm not a judge." "They pay me to bring him in, that's all." "If you tell me where he is, I promise you that he'll get every break a jockey can get." " He's no jockey either." "That's finished." " Oh sure, you bet." " You can see for yourself." " He ain't running away from you." "So, where is he?" " With Sash." "All right Molly." "Let's go see." " Hello Sash." " What are you doing here?" " Frankie, don't you know that Bedner is looking for you?" " Don't worry about it Sash, I ain't afraid." " l didn't do it and you know that" " Who did then?" "I've come to tell you something Sash....." " l'm leaving here." " Bedner will arrest you." "He told the newspapers you....." " What?" " l'm leaving." "You won't have to worry about money or anything. I find a way to send some regular to you ." "And Vi will take good care of you." "Leaving me!" "?" "Not leaving you Sash, just leaving." "You saw what happened since I came back." "Like Dr. Lennex told me..... I got in the same old routine and before I knew it, I was on it again." "But you can't leave me." "You've got to stay and take care of me." "I know I'm responsible for how you are Sash.... but I can't go around the rest of my life stoning myself about it." "I've been carrying my heart ever since it happened." "Even now it hurts me to think about it, but....." "Well, it's not that I want to leave, I've got to leave." "You mustn't leave Frankie!" "You mustn't." "Sash...." " Say good-bye to me Sash." " You think you're fooling me?" "I know what's pulling you away Molly!" " No." " Yeah, you just go so that you can be with that little tramp!" " Frankie no..." " Good-bye Sash." "No Frankie, please don't leave." "Frankie no, don't leave me." "Get dressed Sash.." "Sash!" "Sash Stop!" "Sash!" "Sash!" "Sash, don't move." "Don't try to talk." "You're going to be all right." "I love you so much!" |
I haven't been in a department store like that in a long time, and it was so relaxing to just wander around
looking at all their cool products.
(and hear the lady playing their baby grand piano! man, what a dream job!)
Okay, so disclaimer -- I'm not really a big jewelry person..as most days I don't wear any,
and when I do then I typically stick with a few staple necklaces or bracelets and that's it.
BUT I recently found Flourish Leather through another instagram shop, and I am so obsessed with their products.
Actually beyond obsessed.
Their specialty is leather bracelets/cuffs, and I love how simple they are.
How comfortable they are. (I wear mine all day, basically every day)
How colorful they are. (they have so many different color options - gold, shimmery, solids, metallic, etc!)
The quality. Their brand/craftsmanship/delivery is fabulous.
And the leather itself smells amazing. I know that's kind of a minor detail, but I was talking about their bracelets with a friend and she commented "where can you get a bracelet that smells that good?!" Exactly. :)
Follow their instagram shop here, and then even better than that is their Flourish Flash account,
Lara is such a trailblazer and encouragement, I already have been so challenged by this book.
Can't wait to read more..it is rocking my world!
And speaking of making things happen, here are some goals for January!
personal:
+ get letters written. I am so behind on letter writing it's embarrassing. (insert monkey-hands-over-eyes-emoji) This month, now that I actually have free time again, it is going to get knocked out.
+ take a week off from social media. It has been awhile since I've done this, so for one week here in January I'm going to be off facebook/twitter/instagram/etc. I will still answer e-mails, but want to step back from the other outlets.
+ get together with friends. I have some people on my list to hang out with, and am looking forward to that in the quiet winter days ahead! Yay!!
work:
+ BLOG. I have a bazillion sessions yet to share -- sooooo behind!! This month I am going to blog like a banchee and also do a favorites of 2014 post..although I may do a different twist on this. We'll see..stay tuned! I also have a beautiful Wisconsin wedding to share very soon, woohoo!
+ taxes/paperwork. Every business has the mundane side of it, and so here's to completing this as fast as possible, haha.
+ go through 'what worked and what didn't' in 2014.I have been doing this the past few years..reflecting on the last year of business and what went well, or didn't. Anything that didn't has be changed, and I am excited as I brainstorm for new things to incorporate with my photography here in 2015!! Yay for business meetings with yourself, right?! #selfemployed :)
+ new score thrifty.Last week, on the day after Christmas when everyone is storming Target and Kohl's, I spent 2 hours at my favorite goodwill. :) It was GLORIOUS. I found so many gems I literally debated getting a second cart!! So this calls for items to be photographed and a new post up about my favorite recent finds.
+ start working on web/blog redesign. 2015 is going to be the year of a new blog/website design, cheers!
Also, with a new year, I am looking ahead to travel plans as I get out and about in the coming days..
so I posted on Facebook about this, but feel free to e-mail me as well if you would definitely be interested
in a session if I happened to be in your area. E-mail [email protected] or send me a message through here!
A huge thanks to each of you, blog readers for following along with this little corner of the web!!
I am curious what YOUR favorite posts are on here, or what you would like to see more of in the coming months!
Im so blessed to be the friend who got that book. =) Started reading it yesterday (officially reading it..I had sneak peeked before =)) and chapter #1 may just totally change my 2015, it was that good. LOVE. thank you so much!!As far as posts, weeeeell.....I am partial to weddings. =) And CAN.NOT wait to see David + Kayla's!! But other than that...all your stuff is awesome. Especially score thrifty's. =) And I loved that post you did about HOPE-would love to see more like that.miss you! please give the snow a kiss for me! *sniffles*
So glad you've been able to have this efreshing, slower season, Hannah! Luv that picture of you + Amanda. Miss you girls! ♥ Those leather bracelets look pretty epic (+ fun to photograph :)) and that book looks super inspiring. My grandparents gave me a Barnes + Noble gift card and I searched high + low to find the copy that was supposedly in stock at the store, but will have to try again.:) Love these resolutions posts - catching up on letter-writing and a media challenge are two for me, too.:) Really love all of your posts, but a couple faves would be photography tips, Q+A, things to woot about, family photo sessions....and the list goes on.:) And eek, excited for your new design! Blessings ♥ |
The Granite Vs. Quartz is the most debated topic you will ever come across and probably will remain one. There are some homeowners who highly prefer granite material for their kitchen or bathroom countertop while there are others who prefer quartz over granite. The base of this debate is typically about the unique properties and benefits of both the stones. Well, if you too are confused about which countertop to go for let’s look at some categories which can help you decide the best countertop material for your kitchen renovation or installation. But first let’s see what exactly granite and quartz is:
Granite is a 100% natural hard stone which is mined from quarries from around the world. It is then cut down into different shapes and sizes and which are then polished according to the specific requirements.
Quartz is not 100% natural stone and when it comes to using it as a countertop around 95% of natural quartz is mixed with 5% polymer resins and then used as kitchen or bathroom countertops.
Read below to find out the difference between granite and quartz:
Appearance: Granite is available in so many colors and patterns (rich swirls and variations) that they are like a beauty to behold. You will find a plethora of options to choose from if you are considering them for your kitchen’s or bathroom’s countertops. Whether you need something exquisite or an exceptional granite slab you will find such and much more options when it comes to using Granite For Kitchen Countertops. As granite is natural and mined as large, single slabs, no two slabs of granite are exactly the same.
Quartz stone is 100% artificial and is manufactured by mixing crushed quartz and resin or some other agent. This is what gives the customers the option of getting their preferred quartz stone customized, which makes quartz a popular countertop stone.
Maintenance: When it comes to looking after a granite slab installed in a kitchen or a bathroom: you will need to make sure that you clean the surface with mild cleaner and water. Know about the oil and acids which can permanently damage the slab. And to add to the shelf life of the slab, consider getting them re-sealed once every year.
However, while caring for quartz does include the cleaning with mild cleaner and water you don’t need to reseal them.
Durability: Granite is a durable material which is resilient to heat and other kitchen components. However, owing to its porous nature if spilled liquids are not attended to on immediate basis can stain your slab.
Quartz is more durable than granite and is almost unbreakable. Unlike granite, it is non-porous but does require some look after when placing hot pans directly on the surface.
Eco-Friendly: As Granites are a natural stone, lots of resources and energy is required to get them quarried and this is what makes them less eco-friendly when compared to its counterpart.
Well, quartz is an engineered material and when we compare it with granite, we can say that it is more eco-friendly than granite. |
Cross-cultural aspects of physician-patient communications patterns.
This article reports findings of a study which utilized audiotapes to examine interaction patterns between ten white Anglo physicians (three of whom spoke Spanish) and 61 Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Using a newly developed interaction analysis instrument, the study examined four scales-rapport, patient health beliefs, therapeutic regimen, and patient feedback-and two additional categories-quality of explanation of medical regimen and sensitivity to patient modesty. Findings in the analysis of patient-doctor interactions were compared to variables of patient understanding and physician perception of the interview. Patient charts were also examined to determine diagnosis, prescribed medical regimen, and follow-through on return appointments. In analyzing the patient-doctor interactions, the interview raters perceived physicians as performing significantly better on the dimensions of rapport, quality of medical regimen explanation, and ability to elicit patient feedback with the non-Hispanic and English-language patients than with the Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Also, the interaction of factors of language, translator and ethnicity appeared to have a highly significant influence on whether the medication prescriptions were understood by the patient. There were no significant differences related to ethnicity in terms of patient understanding of their diagnosis, or of the cause of their health condition, or in terms of their return for follow-up appointments. |
Non-resective ablation and liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): safety and efficacy.
We investigated the efficacy of nonresective ablation techniques and the tumor-free survival of cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In group 1, 11 HCC patients were treated with these techniques and transplanted. On the waiting list, patients were treated to complete ablation, judged by gadolinium-enhanced MRI and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Group 1 was compared with a concurrent group of 10 liver transplant patients (group 2) with incidental HCC (stages T1 three patients, T2 seven patients). The group 1 patients received 36 procedures (4 alcohol ablations, 14 trans -hepatic artery chemo-embolizations, 15 trans -hepatic chemo-infusions, and 3 radio frequency ablations) for treatment of 13 liver masses. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage was reduced in eight patients (72.7%), unchanged in two patients and increased in one patient before transplantation. The mean waiting time for transplantation was 12.9 7.6 months. Both groups had a tumor-free survival of 100%, at 30 12 months post transplant. On pathology, 54.5% of explanted livers had residual viable HCC after tumor treatment, and 36.4% (4/11) explants had synchronous lesions. Non-resective ablation therapy is safe and effective in reducing the HCC progression in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. The cancer-free survival rate in this treatment group is equal to that for incidental T1-T2 HCCs. |
part of the bedside clinical audit for those patients who have received a blood productnullnullBedside Blood Products AuditNnull
National StandardsRoyal Melbourne HospitalprospectiveorganisationnullSurvey Section 12nullnullnull2Has the Clinical Indications been documented?OneFromMany2nullnullNo1nullnullYesie. up to 60 minutes following completion of transfusionnullnull6Which of the following were documented observations post transfusion?ManyFromMany3nullnullRespirations6nullnullNone performed2nullnullTemperature5nullnullOxygen saturation4nullnullBlood pressure1nullnullPulsenullnullnull7Is there evidence of an adverse reaction?1nullnull2nullnullnullnullnull1Did the patient (or proxy) sign the consent to transfusion?2nullnull1nullnullie. 15-20 minutes following commencement of transfusionnullnull5Which of the following were documented as commencement observations after transfusion?2nullnull1nullnull4nullnull6nullnull3nullnull5nullnullUp to 60 minutes prior to transfusionnullnull4Which of the following were documented as baseline observations prior to transfusion?1nullnull3nullnull5nullnull2nullnull6nullnull4nullnullnullnullnullWhich of the following sections was completed?2nullnullAnnual consent1nullnullUnable to consent3nullnullNo consentnullnullnull3YWhich blood products were given?6nullnullIntravenous (IV) Immunoglobulin3nullnullPlatelets1nullnullRed blood cells4nullnullCryoprecipitate2nullnullFresh frozen plasma (FFP)5nullnullAlbumexnullPatient de-identification1Copy from the Bedside Audit patient list1Please enter the patient's Episode numberFreeFormNumber |
The Michigan Cosmetic Surgery Center offers a full line of outpatient cosmetic surgery in a discreet and comfortable center. As a cosmetic surgeon, Dr. Michael Gray specializes in total body aesthetic surgery. He is a leading surgeon in many forms of cosmetic surgery. Dr. Gray is most noted for Scarless Breast Augmentation and External Ultrasonic Liposuction. Dr. Gray has extensive experience in other forms of cosmetic surgery including face lifts, neck lifts, eye lifts, tummy tucks, and laser resurfacing to name a few.
All of the information on LocateADoc.com, (except for information provided by members of the LocateADoc.com community), is either written by health professionals or supported by public health recommendations. |
Exploiting host microtubule dynamics: a new aspect of bacterial invasion.
During infection, many pathogenic bacteria modulate the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic host cells to facilitate various infectious processes such as the attachment to or invasion of epithelial cells. Additionally, some pathogenic bacteria are capable of modulating the dynamics of host microtubule (MTs). Although the molecular basis for this is still poorly understood, a recent study of the Shigella VirA effector protein, which is delivered via a type III secretion system, suggests that MT destabilization plays an important role in Shigella infection. |
Coun. Leanne Piper piously told her council colleagues at the beginning of the month that she did not support Coun. Guthrie’s motion to conduct council and committee meetings during August.
Her explanation was that she would not stop working during the August council stand down, but would be busy serving the needs of her constituents.
Well, we now discover what Ms. Piper’s “constituency” work is. The University of Guelph employs her for all of university on-campus student housing, as manager of residence admissions and marketing
“We’ve been able to honour the guarantee of a residence that goes with the offer of admission to the university,” she is quoted as saying in the public prints.
Most universities and colleges maintain a housing registry as assistance to students.
Is this the same Leanne Piper who joined her council colleagues in not attacking the housing abuse many residents in her ward are experiencing? She voted not to take the matter to court because it would involve a possible litigation with the Ontario Civil Rights organization.
The question is why residents in homes zoned for single families face conversions of homes to student housing. Some have up to eight to ten students crammed into homes in the middle of a single-family neighbourhood.
Perhaps she’s not listening to the protests of homeowners in her own ward who are seeking to have their areas free of parties, junk left behind and frequent visits by police.
I guess if you are in charge of residence admissions and marketing, your primary job is to make sure the incoming and returning students have a place to put their head down.
Keep in mind that Guelph councillors are basically part-time (but not the Mayor). They are able to hold other jobs so long as they can meet their commitment for service by those who elected them. Every four years citizens have the right to determine whether, or not, they have been served.
Is Coun. Piper in a conflict of Interest here? If she is placing students in those areas where private student housing interests are located in single family zoned areas, then she is in conflict?
Or is this a sham ?
She is sworn to uphold the bylaws of the city. Even if she only “manages” to put students in accommodation on campus, her position as a member of Guelph council is jeopardized.
Recall the brouhaha over the company that wanted to build a twin hi-rise student residence on the site of the hotel at the corner of Stone Road and Gordon Street? The university opposed that proposal, as did council. It is now in the hands of the OMB.
Guelph council has the following councillors with ties to the University: Maggie Laidlaw, Lise Burcher, Leanne Piper and Mayor Karen Farbridge. That’s close to one-third of council.
Is that not a conflict not only for Piper but Burcher, Laidlaw and the Mayor herself?
The irony of Coun. Piper’s career on Council is that she, at one time, agreed with the writer that the so-called bed tax per student of $75 in lieu of property tax was out of date and unfair.
I presume now that she is an employee of the university; she will remain silent on that subject.
Boomer: This is the same councillor who successfully convinced her colleagues to restore the decrepit Loretto Convent and turn it into a multimillion dollar civic museum.This is the same councillor who engineered a coup to dump councillor Gloria Kovach from the Police Services Board to be replaced by …herself!
None of this information surprizes me…..perhaps when there is a conflict of interest all parties should be removed from the polictical arena…….and as for the multimillion dollar civic museum….perhaps they could partition it off into little rooms and rent them out to the council and the mayor to live in and the spare ones to the roudiest university students in town!!!!
paul phelan: As you probably know for five years I have I have been complaining about why some $15 million was spent restoring a derelict building on someone eles’s property. There were other alternatives but Coun.Leanne Piper, the chair of Heritage Guelph, ram-rodded this through council in 2007. The real cost of this project has not been revealed |
US diamond jewellery demand hits all-time high
JOHANNESBURG – As total diamond jewellery demand increased marginally to $80-billion in 2016, demand from US consumers ticked up 4.4% to break through the $40-billion mark for the first time.
After recording the fifth consecutive year of growth, US consumers now accounted for roughly half of all diamond jewellery purchases globally – a level not seen since before the financial crisis – in a market that remained the fastest growing, industry insight data from De Beers Group showed.
“American consumers continue to express a strong desire for diamonds, but their purchasing habits are changing rapidly. While bridal diamond jewellery remains fundamental, we are seeing both single and married women buying for themselves more frequently and more purchases being made online. Meanwhile, products such as multi diamond jewellery are becoming more popular,” said De Beers CEO Bruce Cleaver.
The report showed that demand growth from the US, supported by job creation, wage growth and a strong stock market, had offset a contraction in India, resulting in global demand for diamond jewellery increasing marginally in 2016 to $80-billion.
“However, while US demand drove global growth in 2016, it is increasing demand from emerging markets that is behind the last five years being the strongest on record. Despite some markets facing challenging conditions last year, we see this trend continuing, with improvements in demand from China and India, in particular, emerging in 2017,” he highlighted.
Demand from Chinese consumers grew 0.6% in local currency and has continued to improve in early 2017, while demand from Indian consumers started to return to more normal levels in 2017, following an 8.8% contraction in local currency in 2016 on the back of the jewellers’ strike, demonetisation and exchange rates.
While 2016 demand from Japanese consumers declined 2.9% in local currency, the strength of the yen had pushed up demand by 8.1% in dollar terms.
OUTLOOK
Unpacking the outlook for 2017, De Beers pointed out that continued sales in the US, bolstered by the more encouraging demand trends in China and India, would continue to drive global diamond jewellery demand growth, albeit marginal, in 2017.
“While the US has seen slower gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the first quarter, which generally signals slower growth in diamond jewellery demand, the outlook for 2017 is for higher consumer confidence and GDP growth,” Cleaver added.
Retailers in China expect demand to continue to grow at a slightly faster rate, in local currency, while in India, the effect of demonetisation this year proved to be less severe than anticipated, with consumption returning to more normal levels in the first quarter. |
<div class="tabela"><table>
<tr><td>%d</td><td>Número **inteiro** com sinal</td></tr>
<tr><td>%i</td><td>Número inteiro com sinal</td></tr>
<tr><td>%o</td><td>Número **octal**</td></tr>
<tr><td>%u</td><td>Número inteiro sem sinal</td></tr>
<tr><td>%x</td><td>Número **hexadecimal** em caixa baixa (minúsculas</td></tr>
<tr><td>%X</td><td>Número hexadecimal em caixa alta (maiúsculas</td></tr>
<tr><td>%e</td><td>Número flutuante exponencial com "e" minúscula</td></tr>
<tr><td>%E</td><td>Número flutuante exponencial com "E" maiúscula</td></tr>
<tr><td>%f</td><td>Número flutuante</td></tr>
<tr><td>%F</td><td>Número flutuante</td></tr>
<tr><td>%g</td><td>Número flutuante que aplica exponencial somente se o número estourar o limite de 9.999.999, com "e" em **minúscula**</td></tr>
<tr><td>%G</td><td>Número flutuante que aplica exponencial somente se o número estourar o limite de 9.999.999, com "E" em **maiúscula**</td></tr>
<tr><td>%c</td><td>Caracter simples. Aceita string de 1 caracter ou código **ASCII**</td></tr>
<tr><td>%r</td><td>String. Converte qualquer objeto Python usando **repr()**</td></tr>
<tr><td>%s</td><td>String. Converte qualquer objeto Python usando **str()**</td></tr>
</table></div>
Fonte: http://www.python.org/doc/2.4/lib/typesseq-strings.html
|
/****************************************************************************
*
* ViSP, open source Visual Servoing Platform software.
* Copyright (C) 2005 - 2019 by Inria. All rights reserved.
*
* This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
* See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
* distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
*
* For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
* GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
* Edition License.
*
* See http://visp.inria.fr for more information.
*
* This software was developed at:
* Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
* Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
* 35042 Rennes Cedex
* France
*
* If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
* Inria at [email protected]
*
* This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
* WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* Description:
* Template tracker.
*
* Authors:
* Amaury Dame
* Aurelien Yol
* Fabien Spindler
*
*****************************************************************************/
/*!
\file vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional.h
\brief
*/
#ifndef vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional_hh
#define vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional_hh
#include <visp3/tt/vpTemplateTrackerZNCC.h>
/*!
\class vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional
\ingroup group_tt_tracker
The algorithm implemented in this class is described in \cite Irani98a and
\cite Marchand16a.
*/
class VISP_EXPORT vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional : public vpTemplateTrackerZNCC
{
protected:
void initHessienDesired(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I);
void trackNoPyr(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I);
public:
explicit vpTemplateTrackerZNCCForwardAdditional(vpTemplateTrackerWarp *warp);
};
#endif
|
One-pot and one-step synthesis of bioactive urease/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites and their application in detection of urea.
This communication describes a novel environmentally friendly method to prepare bioactive urease/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites through a one-pot and one-step process. The synthetic procedure is triggered through a biological mineralization process of decomposition of urea catalyzed by urease. During the growth of ZnFe2O4, urease molecules are immobilized by original ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. As a consequence, the bioactive urease/ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle composites are assembled. This simple route is expected to endow the bioactive nanocomposites with new properties for various interesting fields. |
Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human ... |
Error: [$injector:modulerr] Failed to instantiate module someCoolApp due to:
[$injector:modulerr] Failed to instantiate module angulartics.google.analytics due to:
[$injector:nomod] Module 'angulartics.google.analytics' is not available! You either misspelled the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you specify the dependencies as the second argument. |
Q:
Manipulating firmware of USB flash drives
As far as you may know, about four month ago, a new malware-like program found that was infected USB device's firmwares. (Take a look here)
I want to know, how it is possible to read and modify firmware of these devices? How does the firmware works? Is the any application or devices to work with firmwares?
I think when the chip powered, the firmware automatically send its type, company and such this information to its server(computer) on data lines(D+ and D-). And the computer using that information use the device. Is it true?
Note that this question was outdated and doesn't help me.
A:
You can modify the firmware of these flash drives quite easily with the many thousands of leaked tools.
OEMs like Patriot, PNY, and other companies don't make the flash drives they sell. They just order a massive amount of vanilla flash drives and plastic cases and put em together.
Then they plug them into huge usb hubs connected to a windows xp machine, and with those leaked (to us) tools, write their brand and whatever marketing name they pick into the flash drive's eeprom.
Now with the correctly matched tool, to the exact model of the microcontroller on the flash drive, and if you want to mess with the NAND you'll also need some other file that has to do with the physical layout of the NAND, you can change the firmware of the flash drive.
Things like it's displayed name upon plugging into a computer.
USB VID and PID
serial number
Maximum reported, and actual power draw
LED behavior (always on, blink speed, blink only on data read/write, always off)
Capacity reported
Executing NAND badblock scans
Adding virtual cdrom based on an iso image
Adding firmware encrypted password protection
Adding second, third, and fourth LUNs ("physical" disks reported to OS)
Permanent read-only partitions
Type of device reported to the OS (SCSI, SATA, flash drive, CDROM, others...)
Percentages of capacity to reserve for wear-leveling
Read/Write speed cap/uncap (uncapping can massively speed up some drives, but sometimes is unstable... think overclocking your flash drive...)
Removing that pesky "read-only flag" that makes OEMs so much money when people think they must replace their flash drive...
Many many other things that understanding chinese would be of great use to figure out...
It would be technically illegal for me to provide those tools (I think?) so I'll leave it to the reader to find them. They're not hard to find.
|
Q:
PhpStorm include file outside project from remote host
I have create a project from existing files over SSH.
PhpStrom copied this project to a local folder on my computer.
When i used the same construction
requre '/var/www/libs/log.php';
i've got notice from IDE like this: Include expression is not resolved
Project are available on remote server by this path: /var/www/project
How i can resolve this notice?
A:
You can definitely do this on Ubuntu Linux, i test it and it works. Here is how to do this.
1. Open nautilus and connect to your host over sftp (also you can use other file managers)
2. Navigate to folder /run/user/xxx/gvfs/ where xxx is user uid. Possible you path will be run/user/1000/gvfs/
3. Open PhpStorm and add external library pointed to you folder.
The main feature is to mount your remote host folder with local folder.
important: don`t include huge external folders from your host to phpstorm.
Btw it is better to keep all your files locally.
|
blitz2311, I bought the stock assembly from an AR15 web forum member for $375. I ordered a stock set from Andrei Kouznetsov for about $175 just before the government shut down his import sales from Russia. It was just my luck that I never received it. I talked to this guy several times through e-mail, and I feel he is a good guy. I enjoyed our conversation. I ordered a complete front end part # AK-104B for about $350, an AK-046S carrier for $75, an AK-058BWS bolt for about $70, I think an AK-339 recoil spring assembly for $32, I used a virgin top cover from K-Var for about $20, A trigger guard from a board member from another forum, but I forgot what I paid for it, a gas tube and safety lever from K-Var and I cannot recall the cost. Randy Kline put the kit together for about $600. That comes to about $1550 if I add the K-Var shipping and other small parts I left out. Of course the tax stamp was $200, and it took a little over two years to gather the parts, acquire the tax stamp, and the build time. Was it worth it? You bet it was!
Thanks for the comments and complements guys.
Bradrock, did you find a canvas drop case?
Well jonmorry333, it shoots and handles like… Uh… like an AK. Randy did a fantastic job on the build. The finish is Dura-Coat over park.
Guys, I think I’m going back in time. I plan on having a custom rifle built like the one at this link . I ordered the stock for it last Monday. |
Skip links
Bike Rack Reviews or What to Get for Transporting Your Bike
When you have a passion for outdoor sports, cycling is the major choice in this area. However, it can be hard to take your bike wherever you go, especially if you already have a few passengers in your car. Because of this, the best way to transport your bike is to use bike racks, or bike carriers, which represent the easiest way to take the bike with you. No matter if you want something easy to install or something that expresses attitude and professionalism, you’ll definitely find something that suits you best.
Top 5 Bike Racks Reviews
The Swagman XC 2-Bike
If you’re looking for something that can transport two bikes at a time, this product is ideal. Swagman XC 2-Bike is designed in such a way that it is compatible with 2” and 1 ¼” receiver hitch, not to mention that this has an anti wobble hitch device which is build it. Because of this, assembling it is extremely easy and you can load a quantity of maximum 35lbs per each bike. It comes in a black color and it’s designed to be used by both men and women, having a unisex feature.
Because it is versatile, it can easily be adjusted to different bikes with different frame sizes, going up to 59 cm for frame. If you want to have access to the rear part of the vehicle, all you have to do is fold down the center arm.
If you’ll be looking in the online environment, you’ll see that this is one of the preferred bike racks by the customers, because it’s easy to install and easy to use, not to mention resistant and good looking. Something else that makes it attractive is the price, which can be found even less than half compared to other similar bike racks. There is also a 4 bike rack by called the Swagman XTC4 bike rack if you are looking to haul more bikes around.
The Allen Sports Deluxe 5-Bike Hitch Mount Rack
Need more room for transporting more than just two bikes? The Allen Sports Deluxe 5-Bike Hitch Mount Rack is designed to help you solve this exact problem. It’s made to fit up to five bikes, and each of them can be entirely different. This means that you can secure there different bikes with different frames and different design.
Used for fitting only those vehicles with a trailer hitch of 2”, it has individual cradles for bikes, painted in black and made of steel, it has tie down straps that makes it easy for everyone to secure the bikes and you don’t need to be a mechanic to install or assemble it.
Customers say that it’s perfect for those who have a large family, because it makes it easy to transport up to five bikes at a time. Of course, the price of this product is also competitive, and it makes it in the top of the customers’ preferences.
The Allen Sports Deluxe 4-Bike Hitch Mount Rack
This bike rack looks almost like the former one presented, but this one can transport up to four bikes. Of course, this is also easy to install and use, and it’s perfect for those who are looking to transport two, three or even four bikes.
It can support four adult bikes, not to mention that you can also transport smaller bikes – for children and teenagers. With a 2” receiver mounted bike rack, it fits perfectly into a 2” receiver hitch. It may seem delicate, but the truth is that it is resistant enough to secure your bikes no matter on what terrain you are going.
Something to keep in mind – it is made of steel and painted in black, to make sure it offers style and class to anyone.
The Hollywood HR1400 Sport Rider SE 4-Bike Rack
This rack is bigger than the ones presented earlier, but it also has a different installing method. It actually looks like a platform and it’s designed to hold two or four bikes, depending on your preferences. It has wheel holders, and that is where the bike drops, while the padded clamps will slide down onto the frames.
Don’t worry about securing the bikes on this rack, as this offers a system with Velcro straps to ensure safety – the bikes won’t move, and neither will they be scratched. This way, it will be easy to place the bike in the holder of your choice and use the clamps to secure the frame. If you’re not using it – the rack, you can simply fold it, making it flat, allowing you easy access to the end rear of the car.
It is a little bit heavy, having 85 pounds, but this makes it secure and not bounce around. However, it might prove to be a challenge to try to fit the rack into its receiver alone, so you might need a little help from someone else.
Customers appreciate it, thinking that it is worth to pay its price, as it offers more than just endurance and style – it’s great to have it when you travel on long distances, as this will keep your bikes secured.
The Saris Bones 805 (2-Bike) Trunk Mount Rack
Last, but not least, the Saris Bones 805 (2-Bike) Trunk Mount Rack is one of the most beautifully looking bike racks. It’s design was made by a famous Italian designer – Fabio Pedrini, and because of its aspect, endurance and stability, it has received 4,5 stars when it was reviewed by Bicycling Magazine. As you surely know, those guys are some of the best when thinking and talking about cycling, so they definitely know their business.
What you need to know about this product is that it has a different way of installing it – this rack goes on the tailgate of the car, offering a perfection of style, design, comfort and durability. It’s actually made to support two bikes and it is made of 100% recyclable materials. This was designed for everyone to use, so you can have it installed on almost every type of car. Also, because of it, you can set the bikes on different levels. Where the rack meets the car it has a resistant rubber, to protect the metal and not cause damage on the car.
It’s also affordable when you compare the price of this with the price of the rest of the racks, but what makes it different is the design and the resistance. If you want something to catch your eyes, this is the rack that you should be getting for transporting your own bikes. |
VACC vows to impeach Ombudsman
THE decision of the Office of the Ombudsman to junk the treason and espionage case against former President Benigno Aquino 3rd and Sen. Antonio Trillanes 4th has further confirmed the bias of Ombudsman Conchita Carpio-Morales toward Aquino, anti-corruption advocates said on Monday.
Doubts on Morales’ impartiality, according to Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) founding chairman Dante Jimenez, have reinforced calls to remove her either through impeachment or people’s initiative.
Jimenez noted that the treason and espionage case was the third complaint involving Aquino that was dismissed by the Office of the Ombudsman.
Aquino and Trillanes, in a complaint filed by former Philippine National Police Chief Roberto Lastimoso, Enrico Sampang, Moslemen Macarambon, former congressman Ronald Adamat and Dioscoro Esteban Jr., were accused of violating Articles 114 (treason), and 117 (espionage) of the Revised Penal Code.
The complaint was in connection with the back-channel negotiations carried out in 2012 by Trillanes, who acted under the authority of then President Aquino, with Chinese representatives in connection with the 2012 standoff at Panatag (Scarborough) Shoal.
The complainants accused Trillanes of meddling with the country’s foreign affairs and placing national security at risk.
In dismissing the complaint, the Ombudsman said: “Treason is a war crime. It is not an all-time offense…While there is peace, there are no traitors. There must be actual hostilities…Back-channel negotiations with China cannot be construed as ‘giving aid to enemy.’”
Jimenez noted that prior to the treason case, the Ombudsman also junked graft charges against Aquino and
former budget secretary Florencio Abad in connection with the Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP), which was declared illegal by the Supreme Court.
The DAP complaint was filed by the VACC, Bayan Muna, Alliance of Concerned Teachers, Confederation for Unity, Recognition and Advancement of Government Employees, Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas and Gabriela.
Jimenez also cited the decision of the Ombudsman to exclude the former president in the case involving the botched Mamasapano operation that led to the death of 44 Special Action Force commandos in 2015.
“Not only once but thrice did Ombudsman Morales dismiss complaints against Aquino and it showed that she is really biased,” he added.
Case build-up
Jimenez said the VACC legal team would start today the case build-up for the filing of an impeachment case against Morales once Congress convenes in July for its second regular session.
Jimenez however said his group was still hoping Morales would heed the VACC’s call for her to resign, to spare Congress of the grueling impeachment process.
The VACC is determined to remove Morales even if the Ombudsman is set to retire in July 2018, he said.
“We will not wait for her (Morales) to retire. It would be unfair to the Filipino people to allow her to stay for another year,” he added.
3 Comments
There is an article about Paul Le Roux. During his stay in Philippines (Arroyo and Aquino time), the article mentioned how he was able to bribe the justice system, even those at the high level. The justice system in the Philippines is corrupt.
“While there is peace, there are no traitors.” I have never heard of such stupid comment! This judge should be relieved of here position if she believed such stupidity. It shows she is incompetent to be a judge.
So much power is given to the Supreme Court. It even has decision about how your president should conduct the war in Marawi.
Other countries can create laws without intervention from Supreme court. Look at the special court in the US that was created to deal with terrorism. It is about time changes be made to the justice system of the Philippines to adapt to the changing threat.
Morales is encouraging latent traitors to commit treason for the simple justification there is no war> ….. come on VAAC file the impeachment complaint before the Phi is turned over by traitors to the highest bidders |
^D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\BIN\WIN32\DEBUG\LIBEXIV2.LIB|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\BIN\WIN32\DEBUG\LIBEXPAT.LIB|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\BIN\WIN32\DEBUG\XMPSDK.LIB|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\BIN\WIN32\DEBUG\ZLIB1.LIB|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\EXIFDATA\BUILD\WIN32\DEBUG\EXIFDATA.OBJ|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\EXIFDATA\BUILD\WIN32\DEBUG\GETOPT_WIN32.OBJ|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\EXIFDATA\BUILD\WIN32\DEBUG\LOCALTIME.OBJ|D:\GNU\EXIV2\MSVC2005\EXIFDATA\BUILD\WIN32\DEBUG\UTILS.OBJ
/ERRORREPORT:PROMPT /OUT:"D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin/Win32/Debug\exifdata.exe" /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /NODEFAULTLIB:msvcrtd /MANIFEST /ManifestFile:"build/Win32/Debug\exifdata.exe.intermediate.manifest" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /DEBUG /PDB:"D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin\Win32\Debug\exifdata.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:"D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin/Win32/Debug\exifdata.lib" /MACHINE:X86 build/Win32/Debug\exifdata.obj
build/Win32/Debug\getopt_win32.obj
build/Win32/Debug\localtime.obj
build/Win32/Debug\utils.obj
D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin\Win32\Debug\libexpat.lib
D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin\Win32\Debug\xmpsdk.lib
D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin\Win32\Debug\zlib1.lib
D:\gnu\exiv2\msvc2005\bin\Win32\Debug\libexiv2.lib
|
Q:
For loop with conditions
I have a script that adds user on many server. Since I'm adding on many server(s) I am using for loop.
Below are the output when user is successfully added.
0,22529,User added.
If the user is not added, then I get this error
1,23996,CLI failed to connect to database.
OR
1,22560,The current state of the server does not allow this action.
script Begin
read user
echo -e '\E[32;40m'"\033[1mPlease wait .... adding id on all server\033[0m"
PORT=777
USER=User
PASSWORD=****
for server in server1.abc.com server2.abc.com
do
command // to add user
done
Script end
I want echo of both user added and user not added based on server list passed for loop.
Eg.
User added in server1.abc.com
user failed to add in server2.abc.com
Any help on this would be highly appreciated.
A:
If you want to use the standard output of a certain command, you can use command substitution and wrap it inside a $(…).
We can check if the output conforms to a certain regular expression with the =~ operator introduced in Bash 3 and above. If the regular expression matches, the test will return true, so we can execute another command after &&. If it doesn't match, the test will return false, and the commands after || are executed.
Since we want to check whether the output contains the word added, the following is enough:
for server in server1.abc.com server2.abc.com
do
[[ "$(command)" =~ added ]] \
&& echo "User ${user} added in ${server}" \
|| echo "User ${user} failed to add in ${server}"
done
In your script you should change USER to user, since $USER is a global environment variable carrying your username. Try running echo $USER from your command line to see what I mean.
|
Q:
php send file to sftp
I am trying to send a file with SFTP I get error while I am trying to upload the file.
Permissions on the remote folder are ok.
$connection = ssh2_connect('10.0.10.245', 22);
ssh2_auth_password($connection, $ftp_user_name, $ftp_user_pass);
$sftp = ssh2_sftp($connection);
echo '<br>';
ssh2_scp_send($connection,$file,"/a.xml", 0644);
print_r(error_get_last());
the error I got is:
Array
(
[type] => 2
[message] => ssh2_scp_send(): Failure creating remote file
[file] => /var/www/FP1/sendFTP.php
[line] => 93
)
Any advise?
A:
You start SFTP session (ssh2_sftp), while you use SCP later for actual transfer (ssh2_scp_send). You definitely do not need the ssh2_sftp line; and it can actually be a cause of your problem.
While technically it is possible to have both SFTP and SCP sessions over one SSH connection, I would not expect PHP to support this. Though I'm not sure.
|
This invention relates to a valve system for a pressurized fluid container, such as a bottle or tank containing hydrogen gas under pressure. It also relates to a container incorporating the valve system and a connection system for connecting one or more of the containers to a gas intake port, such as a gas intake manifold of a fuel cell system.
Hydrogen is typically stored as a compressed gas in a suitable container which is pressurized and equipped with an external valve to turn the supply of gas from the container on and off.
In order to facilitate connection of the container to, say, a gas intake manifold of a fuel cell system, so-called quick coupling mechanisms or quick connectors may be considered. One such quick connector comprises mutually engaging (bayonet type coupling) male and female members to provide a gas tight seal when engaged. Typically, the male member is provided on the container and the female member is provided on the manifold or more specifically, a support rail of the manifold. When in the engaged position, gas can flow from the container through the manifold and into the system for which it is required.
The disadvantage of this arrangement is that, if a connector has a slow leak, the contents of the container will leak away, even if the system is not in operation. Apart from resulting in the wastage of fuel, the accumulation of a gas such as hydrogen in air produces a combustible mixture which can result in an explosion if exposed to a spark or other ignition means.
According to the invention there is provided a quick connect fitting for a pressure fluid container, the fitting comprising a solenoid-activated valve for controlling outflow of fluid from a pressure fluid container, the valve having a valve body defining a chamber therein and means for connecting the valve body to a pressure fluid container with the chamber in communication with the interior of the pressure fluid container, and further comprising a valve opening in the chamber for permitting the outflow of fluid from the container through an external fluid outlet on the valve body which external fluid outlet is in communication with the valve opening, a solenoid and an armature for activation by the solenoid, a reciprocal valve stem provided with a valve seal for closing the valve opening to the flow of fluid therethrough, the stem being connected to the armature for movement of the stem to open the valve opening when electrical power is supplied to the solenoid, and wherein the solenoid has a first terminal which is connected to an electrical conductor located on the exterior of the valve body and electrically insulated from the valve body and a second terminal which is in electrical communication with the valve body for grounding the solenoid to a pressure container to which it is connected.
The valve body may be provided with a coupling member for connecting the external fluid outlet on the valve body to a fluid intake port of a consumer system to which the fluid is to be supplied, the coupling member being for engagement with a mating coupling member on the intake port.
The electrical conductor on the exterior of the valve body may be arranged for contact with an electrical conductor on the intake port upon engagement of the coupling member with the mating coupling member on the intake port.
The fitting may further comprise a coupling mechanism for connecting the external fluid outlet on the valve body to the fluid intake port of a consumer system to which fluid is to be supplied, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises first and second mutually engaging coupling members, the first coupling member being located on the valve body and the second coupling member being located on the fluid intake port. The intake port may be one of a plurality of inlet ports on a manifold for receiving a plurality of the containers.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a quick connect fitting for a pressure fluid container, the fitting comprising a solenoid-activated valve for controlling outflow of fluid from a pressure fluid container, the valve having a valve body defining a chamber therein and means for connecting the valve body to a pressure fluid container with the chamber in communication with the interior of the pressure fluid container, and further comprising a valve opening in the chamber for permitting the outflow of fluid from the container through an external fluid outlet on the valve body which external fluid outlet is in communication with the valve opening, a solenoid and an armature for activation by the solenoid, a reciprocal valve stem provided with a valve seal for closing the valve opening to the flow of fluid therethrough, the stem being connected to the armature for movement of the stem to open the valve opening when electrical power is supplied to the solenoid, and further comprising a coupling mechanism for connecting the external fluid outlet on the valve body to a fluid intake port of a consumer system to which fluid is to be supplied, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises first and second mutually engaging coupling members, the first coupling member being located on the valve body and the second coupling member being located on the fluid intake port and wherein the solenoid-activated valve is located upstream of the coupling mechanism.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a container for storing a fluid under pressure, including a solenoid-activated valve for controlling outflow of fluid from the container, the valve comprising a chamber which is in communication with the interior of the container, a valve opening in the chamber for permitting the outflow of fluid from the container through an external fluid outlet on the container which is in communication with the valve opening, a solenoid and an armature for activation by the solenoid, a reciprocal valve stem provided with a valve seal for closing the valve opening to the flow of fluid therethrough, the stem being connected to the armature for movement of the stem to open the valve opening when electrical power is supplied to the solenoid, wherein the solenoid has a first terminal which is connected to an electrical conductor located on the exterior of the container and electrically insulated therefrom, and a second terminal which is in electrical communication with the container.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a container for storing a fluid under pressure, including a solenoid-activated valve for controlling outflow of fluid from the container, the valve comprising a chamber which is in communication with the interior of the container, a valve opening in the chamber for permitting the outflow of fluid from the container through an external fluid outlet on the container which is in communication with the valve opening, a solenoid and an armature for activation by the solenoid, a reciprocal valve stem provided with a valve seal for closing the valve opening to the flow of fluid therethrough, the stem being connected to the armature for movement of the stem to open the valve opening when electrical power is supplied to the solenoid, and further comprising a coupling mechanism for connecting the external fluid outlet on the container to a fluid intake port of a consumer system to which fluid is to be supplied, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises first and second mutually engaging coupling members, the first coupling member being located on the container and the second coupling member being located on the fluid intake port and wherein the solenoid activated valve is located upstream of the coupling mechanism.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of preferred embodiments of the invention below. |
30*sqrt(17)/11 + 1514/121
Simplify (((2*sqrt(117) - sqrt(117))*4 + sqrt(117) + sqrt(117))/(sqrt(63)/(sqrt(28) - sqrt(7)) + sqrt(9)) + (-2 + sqrt(208)/(sqrt(20)/sqrt(5)))**2)*-2.
-112 + 10*sqrt(13)
Simplify -5 + -4*(-6*((sqrt(17) + -1)*-6 + 4) + 5) + 5.
-144*sqrt(17) + 220
Simplify 3 + ((4 + (sqrt(98))**2 - sqrt(2)) + -4*sqrt(162) + (sqrt(48) + sqrt(240)/sqrt(5)*3)/sqrt(6))*-6.
-609 + 174*sqrt(2)
Simplify (-5*(-4*(3 + (sqrt(243) + (0 + sqrt(243))*-5)*-6 + 3) + 3))**2.
907200*sqrt(3) + 55998225
Simplify (-5*(-4 + 4*((sqrt(76) - sqrt(76)*1) + -2)) - ((1 + sqrt(76) + -5 - (sqrt(76) - (sqrt(76) + -2 + 2 - sqrt(76)))) + 5))**2.
3481
Simplify 1*(1 + 4 + 5*(-5 + (sqrt(1573) - (sqrt(1573) + (0 + sqrt(1573))*-5) - sqrt(1573)))**2*2).
-4400*sqrt(13) + 251935
Simplify 3 + (sqrt(162)*-2)**2 + (sqrt(162) + (5 + (sqrt(162) + 2 - sqrt(162)) + sqrt(162) - sqrt(162)))**2 + ((4 + (-2 + sqrt(162))*3)*5)**2.
-2574*sqrt(2) + 37412
Simplify (sqrt(1008)*2 - (1 + sqrt(7) + sqrt(7))*6) + (sqrt(21)/((-2*sqrt(36))/sqrt(12)))**2 - (2 + ((-6*(-1 + sqrt(175)))**2 - (1*sqrt(175) + -3))).
-25381/4 + 377*sqrt(7)
Simplify 3 + (((5 + sqrt(2))*6 - sqrt(2450))*3)**2 + -2.
-15660*sqrt(2) + 23239
Simplify -4*3*5*5*(sqrt(21)/(sqrt(84)/(2*sqrt(12))) + (sqrt(3) + (sqrt(21) + sqrt(105)/sqrt(5) + sqrt(21) + sqrt(21))/sqrt(7))*-6).
8400*sqrt(3)
Simplify (-6*-4*sqrt(2800))/((sqrt(4) + sqrt(4) + -1*sqrt(484) + sqrt(484))*6) + -4.
-4 + 20*sqrt(7)
Simplify (sqrt(280)/sqrt(125) - sqrt(448)/sqrt(72))/((sqrt(80) + 1*sqrt(80))/sqrt(10) + sqrt(8) + (sqrt(800)*-2 - sqrt(8) - sqrt(8))).
2*sqrt(7)/285
Simplify 1 + ((1 + -2 + sqrt(637))*4)**2 + -1 + -5 + 5 + -5.
-224*sqrt(13) + 10203
Simplify -2*(-5 + (6*(-1 + sqrt(108)))**2*3 + (sqrt(108)*2 + -5)**2 + -1*(-1*sqrt(108))**2).
-24232 + 2832*sqrt(3)
Simplify (6*(5*(sqrt(130) + 2*sqrt(130)) - sqrt(130))*-2)/((sqrt(20) - (sqrt(160) + (sqrt(160) - 2*sqrt(160)))/sqrt(8))/(sqrt(2)*2*-4)).
1344*sqrt(13)
Simplify (-2*((sqrt(170)*2 + sqrt(170))*3)/(sqrt(1000)*-2 + sqrt(1000)) + -2 + -3 + -5)**2.
-36*sqrt(17) + 3877/25
Simplify -2*-6*(-1 + (-1 + -2*sqrt(245))**2)*-3 + -4.
-35284 - 1008*sqrt(5)
Simplify ((4*(sqrt(1331)*-2 + -2)*3)**2 - -1*(1*(sqrt(1331) + 1) + 5))*5.
63415*sqrt(11) + 3836190
Simplify ((1*sqrt(60)/(sqrt(15)/sqrt(3)))/((sqrt(30) + sqrt(240)/sqrt(8) + sqrt(30) - sqrt(30))/sqrt(5)*5))**2.
1/50
Simplify 2 + (sqrt(128) + -4*(4 + sqrt(128)) + (-1 + sqrt(128))*1)**2*-1.
-799 - 544*sqrt(2)
Simplify (sqrt(3600) + 1*sqrt(3600))/(sqrt(5) - sqrt(20)*1) - (-2 + 2*sqrt(5)*-2*4).
-8*sqrt(5) + 2
Simplify (-4*(3 + (sqrt(2736) + 6*(0 + sqrt(2736)) - (sqrt(2736) + 2 + sqrt(2736) + 2)) + -5))**2.
-11520*sqrt(19) + 1094976
Simplify 2 + -3 + (sqrt(405) - (sqrt(405) + 0 + 2)) - (1*(((-2 + sqrt(405) - sqrt(405)) + sqrt(405))*2 + (2 + sqrt(405))*3))**2.
-10132 - 180*sqrt(5)
Simplify (5 + (2*(sqrt(180) + -1 + sqrt(180)) - (2 + (sqrt(180) - (sqrt(180) + -1))) - 4*(1 + sqrt(180))*4)**2)*-4.
-105464 - 12096*sqrt(5)
Simplify -1*((sqrt(5) - (sqrt(245) + 3)) + (sqrt(5) + 2*3*sqrt(5))**2 + ((1*sqrt(150))/sqrt(10))/((2*sqrt(192) - sqrt(192)) + sqrt(192))).
-242 + 95*sqrt(5)/16
Simplify (sqrt(99)/sqrt(3)*1)/(sqrt(24)/(sqrt(16)/sqrt(2))) + (sqrt(55)/sqrt(20))**2*-1 + sqrt(1331) + (sqrt(1331) + -1*(sqrt(1331) + 0))**2 + sqrt(1331).
-11/4 + 23*sqrt(11)
Simplify -1*(((sqrt(175)*1 + 4)*-5)**2 + 0 + 2*sqrt(343)*5).
-4775 - 1070*sqrt(7)
Simplify ((sqrt(22) + (sqrt(22) - (sqrt(22) + 4*sqrt(66)/sqrt(3))))/(-1*sqrt(539)) + 2 + 0 + sqrt(2) + 2 + sqrt(20)/sqrt(90))**2.
296*sqrt(2)/21 + 9794/441
Simplify -3*(1 + sqrt(1053) + 0 - (1*(sqrt(1053) - (-2*sqrt(1053) + sqrt(1053))))**2 - (3 + (sqrt(1053) + 2 - sqrt(1053)) + 5)**2).
-27*sqrt(13) + 12933
Simplify (5*(sqrt(3969)*-1*4 - sqrt(3969))/(5*(sqrt(672) + sqrt(42))/sqrt(6)))**2*-3.
-1701
Simplify (3*sqrt(114)*-4 + 1*sqrt(114)*1 + sqrt(114))/((sqrt(324)/(sqrt(144) + sqrt(9)) + sqrt(36))/sqrt(6)*-2).
25*sqrt(19)/6
Simplify -3 + ((sqrt(343) - sqrt(343)*1) + 2)**2 + (((sqrt(441)/sqrt(7))/sqrt(9) + -4)*-5)**2.
-200*sqrt(7) + 576
Simplify -3*(-2 + (-5 + sqrt(68)*-1)**2 + (sqrt(68)*1 + -3 + 0)**2) + 1.
-503 - 24*sqrt(17)
Simplify 3*(((3 + (3 + sqrt(7) + 1 - (sqrt(7) + sqrt(7)*1 + sqrt(7) + 5))*-3)*-2)**2 + 5).
864*sqrt(7) + 3471
Simplify 3*(((-6*(sqrt(30)/sqrt(5) - sqrt(6)))/(-1*sqrt(192)))**2 + -2 + -2).
-12
Simplify (2*(sqrt(22)*1*-4 + sqrt(22))*4)/(3*sqrt(450)*-1) + 4.
8*sqrt(11)/15 + 4
Simplify (((sqrt(324)*1)/sqrt(9) - (sqrt(396)*-1)/sqrt(11))*-5)/(3*sqrt(588) + sqrt(588) + sqrt(48)/(sqrt(4) + sqrt(484))).
-120*sqrt(3)/337
Simplify (0 + (2 + (sqrt(1377) + 0 + 4 - sqrt(1377)) - -3*(3 + sqrt(1377) + -2 - sqrt(1377))))**2.
81
Simplify ((sqrt(24)/sqrt(4)*4)/(sqrt(147)*2) + (sqrt(200) + (sqrt(200) - (sqrt(200) - (-3 + 1 + sqrt(200)))) - (2 + 1*sqrt(200))))**2.
-576*sqrt(2)/7 + 11152/49
Simplify (2*-3*(-2*sqrt(200) - sqrt(200) - sqrt(200)))/(-2*(sqrt(90)*1 + sqrt(10) - sqrt(10) - sqrt(10) - sqrt(10) - 2*sqrt(10)*-1)).
-8*sqrt(5)
Simplify 5 + ((-5*(-4*(sqrt(540) + sqrt(540)*1) - sqrt(540) - sqrt(540)))/(sqrt(5) - (sqrt(5) + (sqrt(80) + sqrt(5))*-6) - (sqrt(120)/sqrt(3))/sqrt(8)))**2.
274205/841
Simplify (3*(sqrt(190) + -2*sqrt(190)*-1 - (sqrt(190) + (sqrt(190) - sqrt(190)*-1))*4))/(((sqrt(70) - 2*sqrt(70) - sqrt(70))*-1 - sqrt(70))/(1*sqrt(7)*6)).
-162*sqrt(19)
Simplify ((1*sqrt(3200)*-1*3)/((sqrt(1440) + sqrt(1440)*-2*-1 + sqrt(1440) + sqrt(1440))*5)*-4)**2.
64/125
Simplify (3*-2*sqrt(132)*2*1)/(-2*(-1*sqrt(972) - sqrt(972))*-6).
sqrt(11)/18
Simplify ((sqrt(260) - (sqrt(260) + (sqrt(260) - 2*sqrt(260))))*-2)/(sqrt(35)/(sqrt(28)/sqrt(4))) + (sqrt(208) + 1 + sqrt(208))*4 + 2 + 5.
11 + 28*sqrt(13)
Simplify (sqrt(49)*1*-6*-5)/(sqrt(567)*1 + -3*sqrt(28))*1*-2.
-20*sqrt(7)
Simplify (0 + sqrt(637)*-5 + 2)**2 - ((2*sqrt(143)*-2 - sqrt(143))/(sqrt(99)/sqrt(81)))**2.
-140*sqrt(13) + 13004
Simplify (1 + -4 + (1*sqrt(108)*-3 - 4*(-1 + sqrt(108))) + 1)**2.
-168*sqrt(3) + 5296
Simplify (4*2*(-1*sqrt(95) + sqrt(95))*4)/((3*sqrt(60)*-2)/(sqrt(192) - (1*sqrt(192) + sqrt(192) + sqrt(192)))).
0
Simplify (5*(-1*sqrt(12)/sqrt(4) + sqrt(3) + (sqrt(3) - -1*sqrt(3)) + -4))**2 + (-6*sqrt(27)/sqrt(3))/(sqrt(36)/sqrt(48)).
-412*sqrt(3) + 700
Simplify ((sqrt(252)/(sqrt(12)/sqrt(3)) + sqrt(1008)*-3)/(5*(sqrt(729) + (-2*sqrt(729) - sqrt(729)) - sqrt(729)) + sqrt(729) - sqrt(729) - sqrt(729)*-2*5))**2.
847/2025
Simplify ((6*-1*sqrt(385))/(sqrt(11) + sqrt(44)*2))/(sqrt(84)/(sqrt(9)/sqrt(3))*-3).
sqrt(5)/5
Simplify -5*((sqrt(8) + sqrt(88)/(sqrt(11)*3))*3)/((-2*sqrt(128))/sqrt(8))*-2.
-10*sqrt(2)
Simplify ((-4*2*sqrt(1573) - (sqrt(1573) + -3*(sqrt(1573) + 0))) + -4 + (sqrt(1573) - (sqrt(1573) + (sqrt(1573) + 0)*-6)) + 5)**2.
1
Simplify ((-6*sqrt(68)*-1 - (-6*sqrt(68)*2 - sqrt(68)))*6)/(sqrt(12)/sqrt(108) - 2*(sqrt(4) - (-1*sqrt(4) - sqrt(4)))).
-684*sqrt(17)/35
Simplify ((sqrt(108) - (sqrt(108) - 2*sqrt(108))) + (sqrt(24)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(3)) - sqrt(3)))**2 + -2 + (sqrt(150) - 2*sqrt(150))/(sqrt(32)*-1 - sqrt(2)).
sqrt(3) + 430
Simplify -6*((sqrt(180)*3)/sqrt(10)*2)/(sqrt(54)/(sqrt(108)/(sqrt(24)/sqrt(2)))).
-36*sqrt(3)
Simplify 5*(((sqrt(117)/(sqrt(9)*2) - sqrt(13))*-6 + sqrt(65)/(sqrt(125)*1))*-3*-5 + 2).
10 + 240*sqrt(13)
Simplify 4 + (sqrt(5082) + sqrt(5082) + sqrt(5082) + (sqrt(5082) - (sqrt(5082)*2 + sqrt(5082))) + -6*sqrt(378))/(1*sqrt(600)*4).
-7*sqrt(7)/40 + 4
Simplify -2*(4 + -3*(sqrt(108)*1 + -2)) + 3.
-17 + 36*sqrt(3)
Simplify (sqrt(143) + -1*sqrt(143)*2 - (1*(sqrt(143) - sqrt(143)*3) + sqrt(143) - sqrt(143)))/(sqrt(77)/(2*sqrt(7) + sqrt(7)) + 1*sqrt(88)/sqrt(8)).
3*sqrt(13)/4
Simplify ((sqrt(147) + sqrt(147)*-1)/sqrt(7))/sqrt(432) - ((sqrt(77) - ((sqrt(77) - -3*sqrt(77)) + sqrt(77))*-6)/(4*sqrt(99)))**2.
-6727/144
Simplify (((-2*sqrt(78)*-2 - sqrt(78))/(2*sqrt(864)) - (sqrt(117) + 2 - (2 + sqrt(468))))*-4)**2.
8125/4
Simplify ((sqrt(441) + sqrt(441) + (sqrt(441) + -2*sqrt(441) - sqrt(441)) - sqrt(49))/(1*sqrt(7)*4))**2 + -5*2*sqrt(7) + sqrt(49)/(sqrt(49)/sqrt(7)).
-9*sqrt(7) + 7/16
Simplify (sqrt(792)*1 - 2*sqrt(198))/(-5*4*sqrt(275)).
0
Simplify 1 + 3*sqrt(27) + 5 - ((6*(sqrt(21)*2 - sqrt(21)))/(sqrt(56)/sqrt(72)))**2.
-966 + 9*sqrt(3)
Simplify -5*((6*-4*sqrt(162)/sqrt(3))/(sqrt(15)/((sqrt(25)*-1)/sqrt(5))))**2*-2.
103680
Simplify (1*3*(5*(-2*sqrt(500))**2 - sqrt(500)) + |
<?php
namespace Webkul\API\Http\Resources\Catalog;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;
class AttributeOption extends JsonResource
{
/**
* Transform the resource into an array.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request
* @return array
*/
public function toArray($request)
{
return [
'id' => $this->id,
'admin_name' => $this->admin_name,
'label' => $this->label,
'swatch_value' => $this->swatch_value
];
}
} |
Q:
jQuery validation plugin - Force checkbox validation?
I am having trouble with a form that uses jQuery validation plugin
<form name="step1" ...>
<input type="text" name="name" required="required"/>
<!-- ... -->
<input type="checkbox" name="acceptTerms1" required="required"/>
<input type="checkbox" name="acceptTerms2" required="required"/>
</form>
name field is being validated, but those two checkboxes are just ignored.
I also tried to set rules manually for them:
$('form[name="step1"]').validate({
ignore: ":hidden:not(.force-validation, .force-validation :input)", //Not ignoring checkboxes (just for information)
//...
rules: {
"acceptTerms1": 'required',
"acceptTerms2": 'required'
}
});
But the rules are still ignored. What could be missing?
A:
rule should be applied like this:
rules: {
acceptTerms1: {
required: true
}
acceptTerms2: {
required: true
}
}
|
Descriptors for High Throughput in Structural Materials Development.
The development of novel structural materials with increasing mechanical requirements is a very resource-intense process if conventional methods are used. While there are high-throughput methods for the development of functional materials, this is not the case for structural materials. Their mechanical properties are determined by their microstructure, so that increased sample volumes are needed. Furthermore, new short-time characterization techniques are required for individual samples which do not necessarily measure the desired material properties, but descriptors which can later be mapped on material properties. While universal micro-hardness testing is being commonly used, it is limited in its capability to measure sample volumes which contain a characteristic microstructure. We propose to use alternative and fast deformation techniques for spherical micro-samples in combination with classical characterization techniques such as XRD, DSC or micro magnetic methods, which deliver descriptors for the microstructural state. |
#ifndef VECTOR_3_IMAGE_POLICY_HXX
#define VECTOR_3_IMAGE_POLICY_HXX
#include "test_policy_parent.hxx"
#include <unittest.hxx>
template<class Vector3ImageP> // bei dem template handelt es sich um Vector3Image, der einer der folgenden Varianten einnehmen kann: FVector3Image, DVector3Image, Vector3Image
class Vector3ImagePolicy
: public TestPolicy<Vector3ImageP>
{
public:
typedef Vector3ImageP Image; // die zu testende Klasse
typedef Vector3ImageP ChildImage; // entspricht der zu testenden Klasse
typedef typename Vector3ImageP::PixelType PixelType; // PixelType der zu testenden Klasse
typedef typename Image::value_type value_type; // value_type der zu testenden Klasse
typedef typename Image::value_type child_value_type; // entspricht dem value_type der zu testenden Klasse
typedef std::vector<value_type> data_array_type;
typedef std::vector<value_type> child_data_array_type;
typedef typename value_type::value_type type;
static data_array_type getData()
{
type frgb = 0.1;
static value_type data[15];
for(int i = 0; i <= 14 ; i ++)
{
data[i] = value_type((i+frgb), (2*i), (2*i + frgb));
}
static data_array_type data_vector(data, data+sizeof(data)/sizeof(value_type));
return data_vector;
}
static child_data_array_type getChildData()
{
return getData();
}
};// end of class Vector3ImagePolicy
struct Vector3ImageHierarchyTestSuite
: public vigra::test_suite
{
Vector3ImageHierarchyTestSuite();
};
struct Vector3BasicImageTestSuite
: public vigra::test_suite
{
Vector3BasicImageTestSuite();
};
#endif // VECTOR_3_IMAGE_POLICY_HXX
|
Profiling the immunity status of children with non-polio acute flaccid paralysis who had not received any doses of oral polio vaccine in the South-South region, Nigeria 2011-2014.
To demonstrate the immunity status of children with non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (NP AFP) reported through the AFP surveillance system in the South-South region of Nigeria. A retrospective study was conducted using AFP surveillance data collected routinely between January 2011 and December 2014 by the Disease Surveillance Department of the regional health service and the World Health Organization (WHO)-accredited regional reference polio laboratory. All cases of AFP reported to the Disease Surveillance Network from all six zones during this period were included in the study. In total, 5111 cases of AFP in children aged ≤15 years were reported between 2011 and 2014. These cases were investigated and verified by WHO surveillance officers using a standard questionnaire, which captured the number of doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) received by the child. Two stool samples were collected for each case, 24-48 h apart, within 14 days of the onset of paralysis, and transported to the national polio laboratory under reverse cold chain storage. Data retrieved were stored in an AFP database hosted by the WHO server. EPIINFO software was used to query the database and extract the information required for analysis in this study. The percentage of children who had received at least three doses of OPV (which serves as a threshold to measure immunity status) decreased from 87% in 2011 to 82% in 2014. The percentage of children who had not received any doses of OPV decreased from 2% in 2011 to 1% in 2014. Forty-eight percent of the children who had not received any doses of OPV were aged <1 year. Given the decrease in OPV immunity status, the region risks re-introduction of poliovirus. Swift steps should be taken to improve the immunization coverage, which would boost immunity status in Nigeria. |
Conservative columnist Jennifer Rubin writes that the GOP “isn’t fit to govern” in a scathing editorial published on Thursday.
In her most recent Washington Post column, Rubin dismissed as "pure piffle" the Republican resolution introduced by 11 members of the House Freedom Caucus on Wednesday night to impeach Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Rod RosensteinDOJ kept investigators from completing probe of Trump ties to Russia: report Five takeaways from final Senate Intel Russia report FBI officials hid copies of Russia probe documents fearing Trump interference: book MORE, the Justice Department official overseeing special counsel Robert Mueller Robert (Bob) MuellerCNN's Toobin warns McCabe is in 'perilous condition' with emboldened Trump CNN anchor rips Trump over Stone while evoking Clinton-Lynch tarmac meeting The Hill's 12:30 Report: New Hampshire fallout MORE’s Russia investigation.
“Not even House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Trey Gowdy Harold (Trey) Watson GowdySunday shows preview: Election integrity dominates as Nov. 3 nears Tim Scott invokes Breonna Taylor, George Floyd in Trump convention speech Sunday shows preview: Republicans gear up for national convention, USPS debate continues in Washington MORE (R-S.C.) thinks that the resolution has merit,” Rubin said.
ADVERTISEMENT
“The damage here is being done not by Rosenstein, but by irresponsible, hyper-partisan congressmen,” Rubin went on, later writing that it is not Rosenstein who should be removed from office, but rather “the House Republican members who are obstructing an ongoing investigation of the Republican president and his cronies.”
“While their actions are protected (most likely) under the ‘speech or debate’ clause (preventing criminal prosecution or civil suit for actions that would otherwise be actionable),” she continued, “their pattern of conduct (cooking up a misleading memo about the FISA warrant application for Carter Page’s surveillance, exposing a confidential intelligence source, smearing the FBI) amounts to multiple blatant attempts to thwart an entirely legitimate investigation.”
The conservative columnist then pointed out what she calls the irony behind Republicans arguing that if Democrats ever get control of Congress, “they will tie the place up with bogus impeachment hearings and create gridlock.”
“No, Republicans are doing that all on their own,” Rubin wrote.
Rubin has frequently criticized the GOP and President Trump Donald John TrumpSteele Dossier sub-source was subject of FBI counterintelligence probe Pelosi slams Trump executive order on pre-existing conditions: It 'isn't worth the paper it's signed on' Trump 'no longer angry' at Romney because of Supreme Court stance MORE in her “Right Turn” blog for the Post, referring to the president in the past as an "arrogant fool" and a "flat-out racist."
In May 2016, the conservative columnist published a piece addressed to the Republican Party titled "Dear GOP: I'm just not that into you."
She also said the Republican Party has become the "party of old white men” in April and accused Trump of “fomenting violence” against the press after the deadly shooting at a Maryland newsroom last month. |
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama — When Marjorie Reese, a 91-year-old retired secretary, was young, she didn’t think much of being sexually assaulted by men much older.
“Teachers touched us inappropriately, but we just didn’t say anything,” she said. “That was part of life, I guess.”
For many older women — in Alabama and elsewhere — the allegations that Alabama Republican Senate candidate Roy Moore sexually assaulted girls as young as 14 when he was in his 30s are familiar.
Reese and her friend Margaret Tudor grew up around the same time, Reese in Tennessee and Tudor in Kentucky. They meet weekly at a senior center in Huntsville to make porcelain dolls, sewing costumes and painting blue-eyed, pink-cheeked faces onto blank forms.
The two friends agreed on one thing: When they were growing up, women were “the underdog,” Reese said. “We always had to do what the men said.”
But Reese is still supporting Moore. In fact — it’s her familiarity with the kind of allegations leveled against him that makes her doubt the women making them.
“Why would they want to get out in public and tell all of us? At this age, I’d go to my preacher and confess, or tell somebody in therapy, rather than the whole world,” she said.
Moore’s been accused of more than simply propositioning underage girls — one woman said that when he she was 14 and Moore was 31, he took her to his home, gave her alcohol, and undressed them both. Another woman has said Moore forced himself on her at the age of 16. In total, eight women have accused Moore of some type of sexual misconduct.
Moore has denied every charge, though the volume of accusations and his frequently shifting answers have caused an increasing number of Republican Party leaders to call for him to step out of the race.
Recent polls of the race have shown Democrat Dough Jones closing in on Moore — with one giving Jones the lead, something previously unthinkable in a deep-red state that hasn’t elected a Democrat statewide in more than a decade.
“We always had to do what the men said.”
But a familiarity with the kind of charges made against Moore seems to be part of the reason he’s still maintaining support in his Senate campaign. Moore turned out hundreds of supporters at a public event this week where he dismissed the allegations as politically motivated and accused the media of reporting “fake news” against him.
At the senior center, many of a certain generation were quick to dismiss the allegations against him as well.
In the middle of a game in the center’s pool hall, Lee Strickland, an 82-year-old retired construction worker, said he didn’t believe Moore’s accusers — but the truth of their claims didn’t matter anyway.
“It’s an open question whether he did it, and if he did it still, maybe it wasn’t necessarily inappropriate. I would have to know more.”
Strickland said if it was true that Moore pursued a 14-year-old girl, it was simply “immature” of him.
“Just because he was with her, it’s not illegal.” At the time, the legal agent of consent in Alabama was 16.
Strickland’s comments echoed the sentiments expressed both privately and publicly among many in Alabama’s political and religious establishment, which is still widely supporting Moore.
Alabama State Auditor Jim Ziegler told the Washington Examiner last week that “there is nothing to see here.”
“The allegations are that a man in his early 30s dated teenage girls. Even the Washington Post report says that he never had sexual intercourse with any of the girls and never attempted sexual intercourse,” Ziegler said.
“Just because he was with her, it’s not illegal.”
Many of the people at the senior center said they trust Moore, a Alabama chief justice, particularly because he’s known in the state as an unwavering religious conservative. Moore was removed from office twice for putting his religious beliefs before the law. He erected a statue of the 10 Commandments at his courthouse and refused to enforce the Supreme Court’s decision on gay marriage.
And religious conservatives have been some of his most outspoken supporters in the wake of the allegations against him. His recent public events have been hosted by pastors’ groups, and religious groups have rallied to defend him against even some of the most vivid allegations of underage sexual assault.
On Wednesday, Bryan Fischer, a prominent activist with the religious conservative American Family Association, dissected the accusations against Moore and found them, by his own evaluation, to be baseless.
“In Judge Moore’s case, there are five accusers according to the press. In truth, however, there are only two, since three of the five have not accused the judge of any kind of sexual impropriety. Kissing is not a crime,” he wrote.
He also counseled that Biblical teachings suggest Moore should still be given the benefit of the doubt, because in the alleged assaults “there is no second witness” who can corroborate each woman’s claim. |
Genres like architectural photography, abstract photography, people and portraits , photos captured on the beach , forest or mountains, bus or railway stations, inside train or subways, are part of street photography for me.
Subway stories- Tokyo- Street Photography
Simply anything and everything that happens on the street or belongs to the street can become a subject for street photography. Once you leave your home and you are out, street becomes your playground. Obvious exceptions being point no.1, 2, and 3 described above, though roads or tracks may be part of that experience and can fall under category of street photography. |
Advances and controversies in the classification and grading of pituitary tumors.
Pituitary tumors are common lesions, and they represent the second most frequent primary brain tumor. Their classification has undergone several changes over time. The World Health Organization conducts periodic expert review/consensus meetings and publishes the results as recommendations for changes in classification, based on advances in molecular and genetic advances. This paper summarizes the results of the 2017 WHO Classification, which recommends several important changes. This paper provides a review of the major changes and issues leading to an understanding of the basis for a new pituitary tumor classification. They include the rejection and modification of prior conceptual and pathological characteristics of these neoplasms. There is also considerable concern related to invasive and recurrent pituitary tumors which follow a less benign course than the typical pituitary adenoma. A review of the outcome data for the previously designated "atypical" pituitary tumor category revealed that the former criteria were not adequate to support their ability to predict with accuracy the clinical course of a given tumor. A similar review was accomplished regarding the role of the p53 tumor suppressor mutation. Again, there was no reliable contribution of p53 status to tumor aggressiveness. Other changes have occurred regarding the cytogenetic lineage of the various subtypes of pituitary adenoma. The transcription factors Pit-1, SF-1, and TPit play a major role in determining tumor subtypes and have become part of the classification criteria. These advances now help provide the background for more reliable and consistent classification of pituitary adenomas. Further definition of aggressive characteristics such as cavernous sinus and dural invasion remain to be considered in the quest to make more accurate prognostic projections based on histopathological analysis. The 2017 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors provides a more solid basis for accurate and reliable prognostic assessment of these lesions. Further progress undoubtedly will be made as the recommendations of this update are incorporated in to routine use. |
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface PodsDummy_Pods_SOCKit : NSObject
@end
@implementation PodsDummy_Pods_SOCKit
@end
|
Background
==========
Toe-in gait is a condition commonly seen in pediatric orthopedic clinics \[[@b1-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b3-medscimonit-24-6157]\], although it is rarely observed in children younger than 3 years of age \[[@b4-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b6-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. Other than an abnormal toe-in gait pattern and occasional stumbling, there are generally no further clinical manifestations of the condition. Toe-in gait can be considered a normal developmental variation, which usually resolves with age and disappears by 3 years of age. Where present in children 3 years and older, a formal pediatric examination is recommended to observe skeletal growth and ensure the gait pattern is resolving. In refractory cases, intervention is advised. The traditional method for treating toe-in gait is the use of reverse-shoe wearing, which remains popular with both clinicians and parents. There is now a greater variety of orthotic devices available for treating this condition, including braces, gait plates, and wedges; however, the effectiveness of these different methods for improving gait pattern remains unclear \[[@b7-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b9-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of reverse-shoe wearing and orthopedic insoles for treating toe-in gait and to measure the incidence of adverse effects.
Material and Methods
====================
We examined 3755 children who presented to our clinic between July 2012 and July 2014 who were diagnosed as having toe-in gait according to foot progression angle. Cases due to the following conditions were excluded: nervous system disease (e.g., cerebral palsy), skeletal dysplasia (e.g., developmental dislocation of the hip), metabolic disease, and those having undergone lower-limb surgery \[[@b7-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b10-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b11-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. We selected 337 children (153 males and 184 females) diagnosed as having bilateral toe-in gait, who were over 2 years of age and were not showing signs of significant improvement. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at our institution. All parents or guardians were informed of the purpose of the study and full consent was obtained before inclusion. Parents were informed that 2 treatments were available -- reverse-shoe wearing or orthopedic insoles -- and allowed to select their preferred method. Reverse-shoe wearing (RS group) was chosen in 139 cases (73 males, 66 females; mean age 5.87 years) and 198 chose orthopedic insoles (OI group) (94 males, 104 females; mean age 5.91 years).
All of the patients were provided with a 1-year treatment, including some children who improved after 6 months of treatment. Patients were assessed at the orthopedic clinic by a local doctor in general practice every 6 months; foot progression angle and presence of and degree of hallux valgus angle were measured when walking barefoot ([Figure 1A, 1B](#f1-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}). Patients' feelings were also recorded. Cases of hallux valgus were assessed over a further 24-month period following cessation of treatment. Foot progression angle was defined as the angle between the longitudinal axis of the foot and the direction of travel \[[@b12-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. We measured the hallux valgus angle by radiographic work-up while weight-bearing, and the hallux valgus angle was defined as the angle between the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal and first proximal phalanx. The diagnostic criterion used to assess the degree of hallux valgus was the presence of hallux valgus angle greater than 20° \[[@b13-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. The foot progression angle and hallux valgus angle were recorded as mean ± the standard deviation (SD). A two-way *t* test was used to compare changes in foot progression and hallux valgus angles, and the recovery rate of the 2 groups was tested by the chi-square test; statistical significance was set as P≤0.05.
Families that did not attend follow-up were contacted by telephone to request attendance, and the reasons for not continuing with treatment were noted. Children who were treated for less than 1 month were selected as the control group, under the assumption that treatment would have had no significant effect on gait over such a short time period.
Results
=======
Patient profile and compliance with treatment
---------------------------------------------
The age distribution analysis of children diagnosed with toe-in gait is summarized in [Figure 2](#f2-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}. The incidence rate was 24% at 2 years and declined with age.
Compliance rates for full treatment over the study period were 70.5% (n=98) and 84.3% (n=167) for RS and OI, respectively. Failure to complete treatment was observed with 41 cases of RS and 31 cases of OI. Non-compliant patients were followed up by telephone to request further attendance at clinic, record treatment time, and analyze the reasons for not continuing with treatment. Of these, 51 patients were treated for less than 1 month, and only 44 cases completed the follow-up. Compared to the OI group, the RS group was more prone to prematurely terminating treatment (29.5% versus 15.6%, *P*\<0.05). The main reason for failure to comply was foot discomfort (RS, 44%; OI, 35%). The second most common reason was stumbling and falling (RS, 34%; OI, 23%), resulting in upper-limb fracture in 3 children. The third most common reason was that some children disliked wearing reserve shoes (10%) or orthopedic insoles (19%), but without obvious discomfort. The fourth most common reason was that some parents thought that children felt unwell during the therapy process (RS, 12%; OI, 23%), even when this was accounted for by concurrent and unrelated conditions, such as upper-respiratory tract infections, and this resulted in failure to complete therapy. [Figure 3](#f3-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"} summarizes the overall treatment time and the reasons for poor compliance. Treatment duration was less than 1 month for 32 cases (23.0%) in the RS group and 19 cases (9.6%) in the OI group. The higher incidence rate in the RS group may be due to the fact that this treatment method was more likely to result in foot discomfort or pain.
Efficacy of treatment
---------------------
We used the cases that failed to continue with treatment after 1 month but returned to the clinic for assessment as the control group (n=44). To determine treatment efficacy, we measured the foot progression angle at 6 and 12 months ([Table 1](#t1-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="table"}) and calculated the recovery rate, where recovery was defined as the foot progression angle becoming positive ([Table 2](#t2-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="table"}). These results show that after 6 months, the foot progression angle of the control group had a small range of return, but only 7 cases recovered to normal, whereas a significant reduction in the progression angle after 6 months was seen in both the RS and OI groups (*P*\<0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the recovery rates were 65.31% and 40.12% in the left foot, and 60.20% and 41.32% in the right foot, for RS and OI groups, respectively. Recovery rates were higher after 12 months of treatment, with progression angle approaching 10^o^ and a recovery rate of 89.8% and 88.62% in the left foot and 87.76% and 91.62% in the right foot for RS and OI groups, respectively. At 6 months, the RS group showed a greater response to treatment than the OI group, with higher recovery rates and improved progression angle (*P*\<0.05). However, by 12 months, there was no significant difference in cure or progression angle between the 2 groups (*P*\>0.05) ([Figure 4](#f4-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}). Progression angle did improve in the control group over time, but by 12 months, only 15 feet returned to within normal parameters.
Effect of treatment on hallux valgus incidence
----------------------------------------------
We found that erythrodysesthesia in the first metatarsophalangeal joint always occurred in children in the RS group, resulting in mild hallux valgus. The hallux valgus incidence rate was significantly higher (*P*\<0.05) in the RS group (51 feet, 29 patients) than in the OI group (3 feet, 2 patients) ([Table 3](#t3-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="table"}), and the hallux valgus angle of the RS group was significantly greater than control and OI groups ([Table 4](#t4-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="table"}; [Figure 5](#f5-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}). The 29 cases of hallux valgus in the RS group resolved with normal shoe wear over the following 2 years ([Table 5](#t5-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="table"}; [Figure 6](#f6-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}), although the hallux valgus angle still remained greater than that observed in the control group.
Discussion
==========
Toe-in gait is very common among children under 3 years of age \[[@b5-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b14-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. It is generally caused by metatarsal adduction, internal rotation of the tibia, or internal rotation of the femur. Rotation of the tibia is the most common cause \[[@b9-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b15-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b17-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. The tibia can twist naturally by 13°--18° during growth, with rotation usually ceasing by 6 years \[[@b16-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b17-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. Therefore, toe-in gait is a physiological condition that does not normally require special treatment. The age distribution analysis of children diagnosed at our hospital showed a higher incidence rate in children ages 1--3 years, which declined to 10% at 4 years, but then remained stable until age 10. This suggests that children with toe-in gait younger than 3 years can mostly self-heal, but older children require treatment, especially where there has been no improvement within 2 years of diagnosis.
In the 2 treatment groups, we found that the cure rate with reverse-shoe wearing was greater than with orthopedic insoles at 6 months, but by 12 months the 2 types of treatment showed no significant difference \[[@b11-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b18-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. Overall, 5--6-year-old children with toe-in gait showed a 90% cure rate after 12 months with either of the 2 treatment methods, but the natural recovery rate remained low. The higher cure rate observed in the RS group at 6 months is probably due to the wider correction range exerted. In order to maintain stable walking with reverse-shoe wearing, external rotation of the tibia is required, which plays a positive role in correcting the gait. In contrast, orthopedic insoles restrict the toe-off pattern: as the toes leave the ground, the orthopedic insole forces the foot to complete this action from the first metatarsal bone, then transfers this pressure onto the tibia, allowing a gradual gait correction. The more severe action of the reverse-shoes method is one of the reasons why children felt uncomfortable during treatment and were more likely to discontinue, with some cases of fractures occurring during treatment if the child was unable to adjust to using the shoes.
Although our results showed that by 12 months both methods showed equal recovery rates, the success of a treatment should not be measured purely by outcome, but also by adverse effects and compliance. The degree of comfort experienced by patients is a subjective feeling difficult to quantify and easily distorted by parental influence. We therefore did not carry out any statistical analysis of comfort in this study. However, we did observe that erythrodysesthesia in the first metatarsophalangeal joint always occurred in children in the RS group and we found that some of these children showed mild hallux valgus. A moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformity leads to dysfunction of the great toe during walking and can induce pain or even require surgery \[[@b19-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b21-medscimonit-24-6157]\], especially in adult women, and is exacerbated by wearing fashion footwear, such as winkle-picker and high-heel shoes. Hallux valgus is uncommon in children, so we measured the hallux valgus angle of each child after 12 months of treatment. The incidence and angle of hallux valgus was greater in the RS than the OI group. By examining the insoles of these shoes, we found that the outline of the insoles was similar to the foot outline of hallux valgus children. As the toes of the foot are differing lengths, the first and sometimes second toes experienced valgus to obtain adequate space in the reverse-shoe wearing feet ([Figure 7](#f7-medscimonit-24-6157){ref-type="fig"}). This can have a serious effect on bone development. Although the 29 cases of hallux valgus in the RS group returned to normal within 2 years of wearing normal shoes, the hallux valgus angle was still larger than that in the control group. Therefore, the longer the therapy duration, the more serious the adverse effects may become.
Previous studies examining treatment efficacies on foot progression angle with toe-in gait have not used control groups \[[@b6-medscimonit-24-6157]--[@b9-medscimonit-24-6157]\] and therefore cannot exclude the possibility that the condition naturally self-resolves in some children. One advantage of our study is that we used children who failed to continue with treatment after 1 month as a control group; this allowed us to demonstrate that natural resolution rates for toe-in gait were significantly lower than those seen with treatment. However, a limitation of our study was that we chose foot progression angle to evaluate the efficacy of treatment for toe-in gait. Despite measuring the incidence and angle of hallux valgus, a more objective method for determining treatment success, such as a gait analyzer or foot stress analyzer, is required \[[@b21-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b22-medscimonit-24-6157]\]. Stress distribution in the ankle, knee, and hip joints should be observed \[[@b16-medscimonit-24-6157],[@b18-medscimonit-24-6157]\] and long-term follow-up is required to fully assess therapy success \[[@b23-medscimonit-24-6157]\].
Conclusions
===========
In conclusion, children with toe-in gait at 5--6 years of age benefit from active treatment and we found that the use of orthopedic insoles over a period of 12 months produced good results.
**Source of support:** Departmental sources
{#f1-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f2-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f3-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f4-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f5-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f6-medscimonit-24-6157}
{#f7-medscimonit-24-6157}
######
The effect of treatment on foot progression for in-toed gait (mean ±SD).
Children (case) Age (years) Pre-treatment FPA (degree) 6 momths treatment FPA (degre) 12 momths treatment FPA (degre) *P* value
--------------- ----------------- ------------- ---------------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ----------
Control group 44 5.82 ±0.73 −28.35 ±5.77 −30.56 ±5.08 −24.77 ±5.32 −26.34 ±5.48 −19.59 ±4.51 −18.97 ±4.06 P4\>0.05
P5\<0.05
P6\<0.05
RS group 98 5.91 ±0.71 −27.40 ±5.02 −28.84 ±4.83 4.49 ±3.01 4.64 ±3.39 10.84 ±3.83 8.97 ±2.97 P4\<0.05
P5\<0.05
P6\<0.05
OI group 167 5.83 ±0.81 −29.06 ±5.55 −30.23 ±4.98 −4.83 ±3.83 −5.23 ±3.92 8.36 ±2.57 9.30 ±3.38 P4\<0.05
P5\<0.05
P6\<0.05
*P* value P1\>0.05 P1\>0.05 P1\>0.05 P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05
P2\>0.05 P2\>0.05 P2\>0.05 P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05
P3\>0.05 P3\>0.05 P3\>0.05 P3\<0.05 P3\<0.05 P3\>0.05 P3\>0.05
RS -- indicates reverse shoes; OI -- orthopedic insoles; FPA -- foot progression angle. P1 -- RS group *vs.* control group; P2 -- OI group *vs.* control group; P3 -- RS group *vs.* OI group; P4 -- pre-treatment *vs.* 6 months' treatment; P5 -- pre-treatment *vs.* 12 months' treatment; P6--12 months' treatment *vs.* 6 months' treatment.
######
Recovery rate with the two treatment methods.
Children (cases) Recovery cases after 6 months (cases) Recovery cases after 12 months (cases)
--------------- ------------------ --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- -----
Control group 44 4 3 7 8
9.09% 6.82% 15.91% 18.18%
RS group 98 64 59 88 86
65.31% 60.20% 89.80% 87.76%
OI group 167 67 69 148 153
40.12% 41.32% 88.62% 91.62%
*P* value P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05
P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05 P2\<0.05
P3\<0.05 P3\<0.05 P3\>0.05 P3\>0.05
RS-- indicates reverse shoes; OI -- orthopedic insoles. P1 -- RS group *vs.* control group; P2 -- OI group *vs.* control group; P3 -- RS group *vs.* OI group.
######
Incidence rate of hallux valgus by treatment group after 12 months.
Children (cases) Hallux valgus (cases)
----------- ------------------ ----------------------- --------
RS Group 98 24 27
24.49% 27.55%
OI group 167 1 2
0.59% 1.18%
*P* value \<0.05 \<0.05
RS -- indicates reverse shoes; OI -- orthopedic insoles.
######
Comparison of hallux valgus angle by treatment group at 12 months (mean ±SD).
Children (cases) Hallux valgus (cases)
--------------- ------------------ ----------------------- ------------
Control group 44 7.63±3.01 7.91±3.29
RS group 98 16.45±4.34 17.79±5.12
OI group 167 8.11±3.18 7.85±3.17
*P* value P1\<0.05 P1\<0.05
P2\>0.05 P2\>0.05
P3\<0.05 P3\<0.05
RS -- indicates reverse shoes; OI -- orthopedic insoles.P1 -- RS group vs. control group; P2 -- OI group vs. control group; P3 -- RS group vs. OI group.
######
Changes in hallux valgus angle in the RS group post-treatment with normal shoe wear (mean ±SD).
0 month 6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months
---------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Hallux valgus angle (left foot) 27.82±3.34 24.38±4.19 21.94±3.03 20.73±3.71 18.58±3.89
Hallux valgus angle (right foot) 28.35±4.21 23.35±3.67 20.79±3.96 18.95±3.42 17.95±3.44
*P* value (left) \>0.05 \<0.05 \<0.05 \<0.05
*P* value (right) \>0.05 \<0.05 \<0.05 \<0.05
[^1]: Study Design
[^2]: Data Collection
[^3]: Statistical Analysis
[^4]: Data Interpretation
[^5]: Manuscript Preparation
[^6]: Literature Search
[^7]: Funds Collection
[^8]: Yong Li, Jun Bian and Dan Chen contributed equally to this work
|
To start projecting I begin at the team level and make some assumptions as to the Vikings average scoring margin and run tendency for the season. Here is a screenshot of the assumptions I made.
I’m assuming that consistent with the Vegas win total over/under, the Vikes will run their plays down by an average of 4.5 points. Then I also looked at the Chargers run/pass play calling tendency when Philip Rivers was a young QB to get a pass tendency assumption. I assume that the Vikings will be fairly run heavy. That also jives with their personnel for 2014. Norv Turner has also generally been on the slow side of play calling as well so I assume that they will run fewer plays than average.
Then I can move on to the RB1 assumptions to look at AP specifically. I made these assumptions to generate a projection for AP:
I assumed that AP would consume a share of the team carries that is roughly on par with his workload for the past 5 or so seasons. It’s slightly below the peak of those seasons, but I think that accounts for injury potential. It’s right on par with his 2013 workload, where he did miss a few games. For the receiving assumptions I left them as the league average, but right in line with his 2012 output.
Here’s what I consider to be a rough baseline for Peterson in 2014, a projection that was generated using the above assumptions:
POS
PLAYER
ruATTS
ruYDS
ruTDS
TRGS
RECS
recYDS
recYPR
recTDS
ADP
RNK13
FP
RB1
Peterson, Adrian
285.24
1283.56
10.84
50.03
36.52
297.67
8.15
1.06
3
6
266.06
I should maybe clarify that when I say baseline, I don’t mean the worst case scenario. I mean that’s sort of the mean expectation. The rushing attempts are in line with his 2013 output. If he misses more than a couple of games this projection will be too high. If he plays the entire season this projection will be too low. You can see that he’s being drafted as the third RB and this projects him to finish at sixth among RBs. I don’t think that means he’s overvalued necessarily. Also, there are additional steps available to us.
The reception assumptions are currently set to league average. But Norv Turner systems have provided more than league average targets to RBs.
If you look at San Diego’s history with Norv it provides a decent range of outcomes that we might expect for targets to RBs. Here’s the graph that shows percent of targets to RBs in SD:
When Norv had elite pass catcher LaDanian Tomlinson you can see that he regularly allocated 16-18% to the RB1. But it’s also worth noting that Tomlinson saw his biggest receiving seasons before Norv got there.
You can see that when Norv had Ryan Mathews as something of a de facto RB1 (Mike Tolbert and Darren Sproles also contributed at RB) then the RB1’s share of receptions was less. I think something closer to Ryan Mathews’ involvement is more likely with AP, who has a mixed record as a receiver. But that assumption is still above league average.
If you need help setting assumptions, you can always pull up another tab with the Career Graphs App and use that. Here’s the output from that app that shows the difference between Ryan Mathews and LT when it comes to target market shares.
If I set the target percentage to 13%, which is right where Ryan Mathews came in during his last season with Norv, it improves AP’s projection and gets him up to RB5.
POS
PLAYER
ruATTS
ruYDS
ruTDS
TRGS
RECS
recYDS
recYPR
recTDS
ADP
RNK13
FP
RB1
Peterson, Adrian
285.24
1283.56
10.84
65.04
47.48
386.97
8.15
1.38
3
5
287.86
If you think I’m being overly conservative in AP’s receiving projection it’s worth noting that his prior career high was 43 receptions, so this does project a career receiving year for him.
At RB3 I think AP is generally a safe pick based in part on Norv Turner, but also in part on the fact that they don’t really have anyone right now who could steal touches. That’s worth monitoring as we get into August. Norv is actually prone to breaking up RB touches when he has the bodies to do it. But in this case the bodies behind AP are Matt Asiata, Jerick McKinnon and maybe Zach Line. McKinnon seems like a stretch to steal receptions just because he’s a rookie. Line might actually be the most logical beneficiary if all of the receptions don’t go to AP. Line is a FB so presumably he can pass block. He also had 33 receptions in his last year of college. Matthew Freedman wrote a great piece about Line last year.
I think AP could see a bump in receptions this year, but it’s also not likely to be a number that’s two times his past production. It might be more like a 20-30% bump. The prevailing issue with AP is almost always whether he’ll appear in every game. If he does, he’s probably a safe bet to be a top 5 RB.
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IMPORTANT: This course is for Angular v1 ONLY. Angular v2 is currently unreleased and in BETA
This course will NOT be updated to Angular v2 once it’s released, v1 and v2 are too different, I will be releasing a seperate v2 course instead.
UPDATE: 01/2016
Added a lecture to give a quick discussion about Angular 2.0.
Added a lecture to give an overview of how to use the developer tools in Chrome.
Added a lecture to explain the IDE I use and it’s key features.
Added an introductory lecture for each section.
AngularJS was built to make you a better, more productive and happier developer. It’s the framework enabling a new era in rich client side web experiences. It’s the future.
This is a hands-on course taught by an experienced AngularJS developer who’s built dozens of angular apps for a variety of clients including Google.
Every lecture in this course ties into real world benefits or applications, after only the first chapter you’ll have the knowledge to add amazing AngularJS features to your current project.
Through a series of real-world examples you will learn the skills needed to build fully functional single page applications in AngularJS.
Learn battle proven techniques in AngularJS to solve common problems every web developer faces on a daily basis, such as:-
Performing form validation with zero lines of code using a third party AngularJS package.
Showing a beautiful datepicker control using a third party AngularJS package.
Creating and interacting with bootstrap modals in AngularJS.
When it comes to Single Page Applications we teach the far more popular and powerful AngularJS uiRouter module instead of the basic core angular routing module.
Tools, tips and tricks to debugging your AngularJS applications.
This course is taught hands-on, you learn by doing. Follow along as we go through two example AngularJS applications the first a simple lowly form which we give super powers the second a complex single page contacts application where you will learn:-
How to build easily re-usable bits of html & javascript using custom AngularJS directives.
How to interact with a REST API using ngResource in 5 lines of code.
Implementing infinite scroll, user feedback with spinners and toast messages.
As well as much much more….
You’ll learn how to implement functionality that’s expected in todays applications in a fraction of the time using AngularJS compared to other frameworks.
I envy you I really do. I remember the first time I discovered AngularJS, everything just clicked, I got a warm fuzzy feeling inside and my eyes glazed over. I know because every developer I’ve introduced AngularJS to since has had the same look in their eyes.
It’s perfect for the kinds of problems we have with the web today, everything is moving client side and the javascript portion of our websites are getting more and more complex.
You are here because you know you need something that can handle that complexity, you know that the future is moving to an even more client side experience and you suspect AngularJS might be the solution, and do you know what? You’re right…
Suggest:
☞ Learn Angular JS for Beginners
☞ AngularJS for the Real World - Learn by creating a WebApp
☞ Learn Directives in AngularJS with Simple Demos
☞ Angular 5 - A 3-Step Process to Master Angular for Beginners
☞ Angular 7 with Angular Material and Firebase Cloud Firestore
☞ Angular 6 (Angular 2+) & React 16 - The Complete App Guide |
The present invention relates generally to semiconductor devices, and more particularly, to high frequency signal isolation in a semiconductor device.
To reduce cost in integrated circuit design, it is desirable to include as much functionality as possible on a single integrated circuit. For example, in a low cost wireless communication system, it is desirable to include the RF (radio frequency) circuits on the same integrated circuit as the digital logic circuits. However, noise generated by the digital logic circuits can be injected into sensitive RF circuit blocks such as phase locked loops (PLL) and low noise amplifier circuits. Conceptually, an ideal Faraday cage prohibits external electromagnetic interference and provides perfect signal isolation. In an integrated circuit, implanted wells are used to reduce the effect of noise and to provide signal isolation. In a CMOS twin well process with a p-type substrate, the pn junction between n-well and p-type substrate provides some signal isolation for PMOS. The NMOS signal isolation is accomplished using a deep n+ implant (DNW) with an n-well to create an isolated p-well (IPW) pocket, and is sometimes referred to as a triple well process. Implanted wells as used to approximate a Faraday cage in integrated circuits, reduce the effect of noise. However, the use of implanted wells fails to provide adequate signal isolation at higher RF frequencies.
FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of a prior art semiconductor device 10. FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the prior art semiconductor device 10 of FIG. 1. Semiconductor device 10 has a p substrate 18. A deep n-well implant 16 together with a n-well ring 15 creates an-isolated p-well pocket 12. A plurality of p+ well ties 14 is implanted in the surface of the isolated p-well 12. Electronic circuits are built into the surface of the isolated p-well (not shown). The isolated p-well 12 functions to isolate the circuits implemented in the well from circuits that are implemented outside of the well. However, the deep n-well implant 16 has a relatively high resistance that is undesirable for signal isolation in the RF frequency range. |
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Catch supports the Responsible Service of Alcohol. WARNING: Under the Liquor Control Reform Act 1998 it is an offence:
To supply alcohol to a person under the age of 18 years (Penalty exceeds $17,000); For a person under the age of 18 years to purchase
or receive liquor (Penalty exceeds $700). Catch.com.au Pty Ltd Liquor Licence No. 36117384.
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Q:
How to append the array to a legend in Jqplot?
I have an Array .I want to append it to the Legend labels in Jqplot chart.
var temps = [];
temps[0] = "Ax";
temps[1] = "Bx";
temps[2] = "Cx";
temps[3] = "Dx";
opts{
legend: {
renderer: $.jqplot.EnhancedLegendRenderer,
show: true,
showLabels: true,
//labels: ['Ax', 'Bx', 'Cx','Dx'] - this will exactly work
labels: [temps] //Append array .It Won't working.
},
};
A:
You have to use simply: labels: temps.
temps is already an array.
|
Probable Greyhound like Specialists said that Furstenfeld used.... LOL
If this is a mastif head... You are unable to make the diferance between a molosoidal rotwaillers puppys and this long long long , slim , slim slim and powerfull puppy head ! You are for forever UNABLE un understood the EVOLUTION Bitten. ...
Or probable you consider dobermann or a good Furstenfeld modern dog , a dog which drink water from bottle....and with zero mandible...
In how many big show rings battles you win to criticize in this mode?
Then...I please to stop that negative comments .against probable unique Modern Furstenfeld bloodline.
I do not expected that from your side ..
I respect your way...maybe you are good in working , but that don't mean I must to follow your way .
Personal for what ? Not more than is necessary. When I will go I wll do that for win not for participation.
For moment the first my interest is not in shows , I have interest to (re)construct genetically my line.The Diamante Nero unique tipicity is a bonus .
Coco DN
Citone & DN combo:
Last edited by Weinberge on Fri May 27, 2011 9:14 pm, edited 3 times in total.
jotunheim wrote:Again - I asked a very simple question - again you do not answer, but is disrespectfull ...
Never mind - you can have the forum for youself - enjoy ....
What simply question is the affirmation that this tipicity is a molosoidal one ?????? You are creazy ? Never you saw in YOUR LIFE a slim long head and Furstenfeld eyes like CoCO DN have !And this male have chances to inherite this REALLY UNIQUE TRAIT !
Even if you don't accept , their GENETICS PROVED CLEAR THAT THEY represent THE MODERN FURSTENFELDS !
Or my translation was not correct again ?
Last edited by Weinberge on Sat May 28, 2011 11:16 am, edited 1 time in total.
diamante nero a ,mastiff head haha ...i;m sure the muzzle would be very short if so ....with bulk in skull .and all over the head .....dn has the longest of muzzles ...pity some breeders are so used to breeding weak heads that when they see a correct strong head there not use to it
study the dog well Bitten ...and say why you think he has great dane blood ...because thats what your trying to say ....and say where you think he got it from Graft Quirnus?? .....or you think a great dane has been used within the blood
Urbano have a unique genetic structure because is the unique stud which have Vello and Bordo Furstenfeld (via Lump, via Citto and CittaFurstenfeld) in first genetical positions influence. Forell is present but Massimo succed to use a master formula to keep them AFAR by Furstenfeld nucleum , where is their place.
Sure that I regreat when I saw the last Furstenfeld lines losted , genetically covered and breeders incapable to undestand the truth and this bloodline value.
Massimo was a master when succed to keep this bloodline actual ,not geneticaly covered by show mirage and politics or incapacity, like almost ALL the world other blood-lines .
Now appear so many Specialists which said that black is white and white is black,but no problem because the Furstenfeld blood is BLUE and will remain BLUE.
The water passes the stones will remain . |
Bob Cheyne
Bob Cheyne (born 14 December 1947) is a Canadian sports shooter. He competed in two events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian male sport shooters
Category:Olympic shooters of Canada
Category:Shooters at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Vancouver |
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[Hydatid disease in children of Buenos Aires Province].
Hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic in Argentina and in the province of Buenos Aires, especially to the south of the Rio Salado basin. During 2014 and 2016, the Department of Rural Zoonoses was notified of 479 cases of hydatidosis, with 12.1% confirmed in children under 18 years of age. Fifty-nine percent corresponded to males and the group of 13 to 17 years was the most prevalent one (47%). Sixty-four percent had liver involvement, 22% pulmonary involvement, 5% hepatopulmonary involvement, 5% splenic involvement and 4% cerebral involvement. Thirtythree percent of the cases were asymptomatic. Sixty percent resided in urban areas and of these 20% did not present an epidemiological link. This is a disease of mandatory reporting and there are provincial and national programs that contemplate free actions tending to control it, but despite this, it continues to be a difficult problem to solve. |
Lou Lamoriello Deserves to Remain the New Jersey Devils' GM
By Nick Villano
Ed Mulholland-USA TODAY Sports
There is talk with some New Jersey Devils fans that they would like to see a change in the team’s front office. But current GM Lou Lamoriello has done it all for the team. He has been their general manager for 27 seasons. He has been their coach when they needed someone behind the bench. He has been lauded by most of the GMs around the league, which usually helps in trade negotiations. For someone who has been with the organization for so long, why would fans be turning on him? Is this a grass-is-always-greener situation?
There are two main reasons why people say the Devils should look at a new GM: the prospects and free-agent signings. I will break down these two subjects to see where the truth lies.
It is no surprise to say that the Devils’ draft picks have not all worked out. It is hard to pinpoint who is going to make it to the NHL when you pick in the 20s every season. Even with that said, you expect some kind of production out of your farm system. There was a run from 2004-2007 where the Devils’ best draft pick was obviously Travis Zajac, but outside of that, it wasn’t good. Out of 27 draft picks in that time, only three have double-digit goals in their career.
Since then, however, he seems to get one really promising young player per draft. He got Adam Henrique in 2008 (the team’s most promising player), Eric Gelinas in 2009, Jon Merrill in 2010, Adam Larsson, Reid Boucher and Reece Scarlett in 2011, Damon Severson, Stefan Matteau and Graham Black in 2012 and Steve Santini and Myles Bell in 2013. Obviously, some of these may not be sure things, but they have had great starts to their careers. While the Devils usually rank low in terms of team prospect rankings, they do have a decent amount of NHL-caliber players.
Free agency hasn’t been so kind to Lamoriello. He signed Michael Ryder and Ryane Clowe last season, whom both battled injuries and ineffectiveness. He also signed them to play with Ilya Kovalchuk, who would have taken the scoring load off of them. Speaking of which, you have to hand it to Lamoriello to add that clause to his contract saying it was voided if he retired, almost seeing some of the writing on the wall. He dealt with an owner who just did not have any money. Despite having one of the best arenas in the world, there never seemed to be money to add players. While he may have wasted money on Clowe, he avoided David Clarkson‘s albatross of a contract. He showed that he was nothing more than a system player when he posted 11 points in 60 games.
He did lost Zach Parise to free agency, but who knows if he ever had a chance. There was talk that during the Devils’ 2012 Stanley Cup run, Parise was talking to fellow free-agent-to-be Ryan Suter about going to the Minnesota Wild together. It may have been out of Lamoriello’s hands from the start.
Some also point to the fact that he fired Claude Julien, who is excelling with the Boston Bruins. This is a mistake that is currently on his resume, but there has to be more to this story than we know.
Where he excels is in trades. He brought future star goaltender Cory Schneider to the team for a first-round pick. Nobody saw this coming. He is the best when it comes to keeping rumors under wraps. He makes friends with all the GMs, so they want to work with him. He gets the most out of deals with other teams (in most situations).
Give Lamoriello a chance with the new owners. Josh Harris seems to know how to build a young team, with what he is doing with the Philadelphia 76ers. He showed he is willing to take chances. He doesn’t know much hockey, so he is willing to let Lamoriello make the decisions and he will sign the checks. This offseason will say whether or not Lou’s time has come and gone. He has no restraints for the first time in a long time. Give him a chance to make a splash, and then judge how it works out this season.
Nick Villano is the New Jersey Devils writer for Rant Sports. He also adds to the site’s NBA, MLB and NFL content. You can follow him on Twitter or add him to your Google circle. |
USS Oldendorf
USS Oldendorf (DD-972), named for Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf USN, was a built by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries at Pascagoula, Mississippi.
Construction
Oldendorf was the tenth Spruance- class destroyer and the first ship in the Navy named after Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf, one of the most distinguished surface warfare flag officers to serve during World War II. She was built by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi beginning 27 December 1974. Was Launched on 21 October 1975 and was commissioned on 4 March 1978.
Ship's history
Oldendorf was originally stationed in San Diego, California, although the ship's first year was marked by shipyard work in Long Beach, California and another visit to Litton Shipbuilders in Pascagoula, Mississippi. This schedule meant three Panama Canal transits for most of the ship's pre-commissioning crew within the a ship's first 12 months of service.
During her first Westpac deployment which took place between May to November 1980 Oldendorf took part in a joint Australian-American-New Zealand anti-submarine exercise off the Western Australian coast during August 1980, which saw the destroyer conduct visits to the Western Australian town of Bunbury and the city of Perth.
Oldendorf conducted her second Westpac deployment, this time with the aircraft carrier and her Carrier Battle Group in October 1981 to the Persian Gulf, during which Oldendorf returned to visit the Western Australian city of Perth. She returned home in May 1982 before undergoing an overhaul from September 1982 to July 1983, then conducted work ups for the ship's third Westpac deployment which took place from January to May 1984.
Oldendorf was re-based to Yokosuka, Japan as part of the United States Seventh Fleet in August 1984. She was a member of the battle group until being transferred to San Diego in 1991. During her time in the 7th Fleet she was involved with numerous events including regular exercises with all major navies in the area. In November 1986, along with and , she visited the port of Quingdao, China, the first group of US warships to visit mainland China since 1949. In 1988 Oldendorf deployed as part of the Seoul Olympics security force with the battle group for which she received the Meritorious Unit Citation. During two separate deployments Oldendorf was responsible for rescuing Vietnamese refugees fleeing governmental oppression and during mid-1989 Oldendorf was the first warship to be granted access to the small Australian village of Gove since 1975, when a seafaring naval tug was last to visit. Oldendorf had received approval from the Aboriginal tribe leaders to make a port of call there as a sign of good will to the US Navy. She received numerous awards for achievement and excellence. The commanding officer during her deployment to the Gulf War was Commander Cyrus H Butt IV. Oldendorf was part of the first United States response to the invasion of Kuwait in 1990. She served with distinction throughout the war earning the Combat Action Ribbon escorting the various major warships and supporting the naval blockade of Iraq. She returned to Japan in mid-1991. The summer of 1991 had the ship change its homeport to Long Beach, California for a year and a half long overhaul in the Long Beach Naval Shipyards. In late 1993 the command was shifted to her final homeport of San Diego. In early 1993 she participated in LEO operations off the South American coast returning in March 1993.
Oldendorf took part in the surface exercise Eager Sentry, as part of the larger Exercise Native Fury '94. Involving Kuwaiti and British military members, it was the largest naval exercise ever conducted in Kuwait. It was conducted from 4 April through 25 April, to demonstrates U.S. resolve to support the peace in the Persian Gulf region after ousting Iraq from Kuwait three years prior. Native Fury comprised several exercises under one umbrella. In the namesake exercises, two Maritime Prepositioning Ships sailed from their homeport of Diego Garcia and discharged more than 1,000 tanks, artillery pieces and vehicles at the port of Shuaibah, starting 5 April. Approximately 2,000 marines and sailors from I Marine Expeditionary Force, 7th Marine Regiment, 1st Force Service Support Group and Naval Beach Group One arrived by air, off-loaded and convoyed the equipment to a training range north of Kuwait City. There, they trained with the Kuwaiti Army and British Royal Marines, perfecting tactics which would delay, and perhaps turn back, any repeat of the invasion of Kuwait. Other elements of Native Fury involved the surface exercise Eager Sentry; Eager Archer, an aerial exercise; and Eager Express with explosive ordnance disposal units training on the southern Kuwaiti beaches.
As part of a reorganization by the Pacific Fleet's surface ships into six core battle groups and eight destroyer squadrons, with the reorganization scheduled to be completed by 1 October 1995, and homeport changes to be completed within the following, year, Oldendorf was reassigned to Destroyer Squadron 23.
Oldendorf departed on 1 December 1995, as part of the Battle Group, for a regularly scheduled Western Pacific deployment.
In March 1996, and in response to the announcement of missile tests and military live-fire exercises to be conducted by the Chinese in the waters surrounding the island of Taiwan, the United States dispatched forward deployed naval assets, including a carrier and other combatants to the area to monitor the situation. and other units in its battle group, operating in international waters, were on the scene from the beginning of the exercises. However, to augment the monitoring efforts, and further demonstrate U.S. commitment to peace and stability in the region, Nimitz and elements of its battle group, including Oldendorf, were ordered to sail from the Persian Gulf to the Western Pacific earlier than planned, after two months in the Persian Gulf for Operation Southern Watch.
Oldendorf took part, from 13 April through 24 April in Pacific Joint Task Force Exercise 98-1 (PAC JTFEX 98-1) off the Southern California coast. The aim of the exercise was to prepare naval forces to participate in joint operations with other U.S. forces. Naval operations included Maritime Interception Operations (MIO), Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO), various air strike and support missions, operational testing of various weapons systems, Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD), logistics support, search and rescue, and command and control. An amphibious landing at Camp Pendleton, California, on 21 April, involved Navy surface and helicopter assault forces, U.S. Air Force aircraft, as well as units from Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom.
Oldendorf deployed on 9 November 1998, for a six-month overseas assignment, as part of the battle group. Joining Carl Vinson was the Amphibious Ready Group (ARG). The Carl Vinson battle group and the Boxer ARG were to relieve the battle group and the ARG, which had been forward deployed for the previous five months to the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf.
Oldendorf arrived on station in the Persian Gulf with the Carl Vinson battle group and took part in Operation Desert Fox in December 1998. The operation was designed to degrade Saddam Hussein's ability to deliver chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and wage war against his neighbors. It also took part in Operation Southern Watch. The Carl Vinson battle group, led by Carl Vinson and Carrier Air Wing (CVW) Eleven departed the Persian Gulf on 18 March 1999, after spending three intense months supporting Operations Southern Watch and Desert Fox in Southern Iraq. The ships returned home in May.
As of early 2000, developmental tests were in progress on Oldendorf as part of the SPQ-9B Radar Improvement Program. The program aimed at using COTS systems and NDI to improve the performance of the AN/SPQ-9 Radar in the Mk 86 Gun Fire Control System (GFCS), which would be integrated into the Mk 1 Ship Self-Defense System.
In August 2000, Oldendorf was directed to the scene of a crash into the Persian Gulf, on 23 August, by a commercial passenger jet, in order to assist in the recovery of the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder. The jet, a twin-engine Airbus A320 operated by Gulf Air which originated in Cairo, plunged into shallow water about 3 to 4 miles north of Bahrain International Airport while making its approach. Oldendorf was relieved of this duty by , which was much closer to the proximity of the site of the crash. The bodies of all 143 people aboard the aircraft were recovered.
Oldendorf took part in the first Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) of 2001 during the month of February. Together with the Special Operations Capable certification (SOCCERT), the JTFEX aimed at providing progressive and realistic pre-deployment training for a carrier battle group, an amphibious ready group, a Marine Expeditionary Unit and other deployers. The name Joint Task Force Exercise reflects the focus on preparing naval forces to participate fully in joint operations with other U.S. forces and the armed forces of allied countries. Naval operations included Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO), Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO), various air strike and support missions, operational testing of various weapons systems, Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD), logistics support, search and rescue and command and control. U.S. Navy and Marine Corps forces were joined in the exercise by U.S. Air Force aircraft as well as units from Canada.
Sea swap
The U.S. Navy Surface Force was scheduled to begin, in the summer of 2002, an initiative to test the effectiveness of deploying a single ship for 18 months while swapping out crews at six-month intervals. Called Sea Swap, this initial two-phased initiative would involve three Spruance-class destroyers (DDs) – , and Oldendorf, and three Arleigh Burke-destroyers (DDGs) – , and . For the DD phase, Fletcher and her crew would deploy with their battle group this summer, but after six months, only the crew would return. The ship would remain deployed and be manned by the crew from Kinkaid. After completing their training cycle and decommissioning Kinkaid, these sailors would fly to a port in either Australia or Singapore to assume ownership of Fletcher and steam her back on-station. After six months, they would be replaced by the crew from Oldendorf who would have completed the same training and decommissioning schedule with their ship before flying out to relieve the Kinkaid crew. After four more months on station, the Oldendorf crew would then bring Fletcher back to the United States where it too would be decommissioned. Additionally, by executing this plan, the Navy would be able to eliminate the deployment of because the additional on-station time generated by swapping out the crews meant a ship would already be in theater meeting that requirement.
Fate
Oldendorf was decommissioned 20 June 2003 and berthed at Bremerton, Washington NISMF. She was stricken 6 April 2004. The ship was sunk as a target during a live-fire exercise off the coast of Washington by the on 22 August 2005
Ship's crest
The design of the Oldendorf crest is composite of emblems representing Admiral Oldendorf's achievements during his illustrious career. The shield commemorates Admiral Oldendorf's crossing of the "T" in the epic sea Battle of Surigao Strait during World War II, which resulted in a brilliant and decisive victory for the United States.
The vertical blue bar, alluding to a narrow passage or waterway, refers to Surigao Strait, and the eight red and white sections of the background represents the total losses of the enemy in terms of the number of ships sunk, damaged or crippled. The blue chief at the top crossing of the "T" battle plan, with upper section simulating red sky over the night battle of Surigao Strait. The four stars denote Admiral Oldendorf's highest rank. The crest symbolizes the award of the Navy Cross, The Navy's highest decoration, awarded to Admiral Oldendorf for exceptional leadership and heroism in the Battle of Surigao Strait. The trident signifies authority and power and the annulet with red center suggest the muzzle of a gun in action. The two wavy bars are indicative of World War II and the Pacific area. The ship's motto, "Ad Proelium Victoriamque Futuram" (To the Fight and Victory Ahead) is the Latin translation of a line taken from Admiral Oldendorf's memoirs regarding his charge to his forces on the eve of the decisive Battle of Surigao Strait.
See also
List of United States Navy destroyers
References
External links
navsource.org: USS Oldendorf
united-states-navy.com: USS Oldendorf
Category:Spruance-class destroyers
Category:Cold War destroyers of the United States
Category:Gulf War ships of the United States
Category:1975 ships
Category:Ships sunk as targets |
Jesus be a fence all around me everydayJesus I want you to protect me as I travel along the wayI know you can(yes Lord)I know you will (yes Lord)Fight my battle(yes Lord)If I just keep still (yes lord)Lord be a fence all around me everyday
Jesus be a fence all around me everydayJesus I want you to protect me as I travel along the wayI know you can(yes Lord)I know you will (yes Lord)Fight my battle(yes Lord)If I just keep still (yes lord)Lord be a fence all around me everyday
This is my prayer Lord that I pray each and every dayThat you would guide my footsteps lest I stumble and strayLord, I need you to direct me all the way longOh Lord be a fence all around me everydayCome help me say, Jesus
Jesus be a fence all around me everydayJesus I want you to protect me as I travel along the wayI know you can(yes Lord)I know you will (yes Lord)Fight my battle(yes Lord)If I just keep still (yes lord)Lord be a fence all around me everyday
Sometimes the way get so rough y'all and the nights are so long In my hour of weakness, that old enemy tries to steal my soulBut when he comes like a flood to surround meMy God will step in and a standard he'll raiseOh Lord be a fence all around me everydayOh Jesus
Jesus be a fence all around me everydayJesus I want you to protect me as I travel along the wayI know you can(yes Lord)I know you will (yes Lord)Fight my battle(yes Lord)If I just keep still (yes lord)Lord be a fence all around me everyday
Jesus be a fence ( Jesus be a fence)Be a fence right now (Jesus be a fence)Be a fence right now (Jesus be a fence)Be a fence right now (Jesus be a fence)Be a fence right now (Jesus be a fence)As I come and go (Jesus be a Fence)Be a fence right now (Jesus be a fence)Say (Jesus be a fence
Cause I need Protection (protection)Protection (protection)Protection (protection)Along the way ( along the way)protection (protectionProtection(protection)Protection (protectionAlong the way (along the way)Along the Way (along the way)Along the Way (along the way)Along the way (along the way)Along the way (along the way)Protection(protection)Strong tower(strong tower)Protection(protection)Along the way (along the way)Be a fence (Jesus be a fence)Be |
According to residents, it all started in 2011 after strangers moved to the neighborhood and began indoctrinating locals. Alevi youngsters, they say, were particularly targeted and “brainwashed” that their faith was not true Islam and that they should “fight for Allah to see paradise.” The local official believes some youngsters joined IS to escape trials or convictions for crimes such as drug peddling, theft and armed assaults, while others were tempted by the material benefits the organization promised.
The returnees have been applying for new identity cards because “IS used to confiscate the IDs of recruits,” the local official told Al-Monitor. Such applications have increased over the past eight months, he said.
The robe-clad men in Hacibayram refused to answer questions, wary of speaking to the media after police raids in the neighborhood last year. The detainees were eventually released due to lack of evidence, but they remain reticent to speak out of security concerns. According to local residents, however, in private conversations former IS members grumble about the group’s tough internal rules, the harsh living conditions in Syria and the decline in the economic benefits they had been promised.
In Hacibayram, 70 of the estimated 150 young men who had joined IS have returned home, along with seven of the 10 families that had moved to the “caliphate,” a local official in close contact with residents told Al-Monitor. Observers, however, warn that the decline in recruitment does not mean that IS has lost its popular appeal.
ANKARA, Turkey — In Ankara’s Hacibayram neighborhood, young men clad in long gray robes stand out among the locals in the streets. They are sympathizers and former fighters of the Islamic State (IS) who, a couple of years ago, had made Hacibayram one of its main recruitment grounds in Turkey. According to a security official speaking to Al-Monitor, the number of recruits joining IS from or via Turkey has declined over the past year, and militants believed to be defectors from the group — both Turks and foreigners — have been increasingly sneaking in from Syria.
A frequently mentioned name is Oguzhan Gozlemecioglu, described as an active figure in the recruitment effort in 2012. He is said to have become a military outpost commander in Raqqa, going by the name Mohammed Selef. Gozlemecioglu’s father has spent six months behind bars and remains on trial for aiding IS recruitment.
Al-Monitor paid a visit to the home of Gozlemecioglus, where the father, Eyup, bluntly refused to answer questions because “the journalists keep smearing IS.” But then his daughter Ozlem intervened and persuaded him to speak, arguing that media interviews might help the family find their younger son, who has gone missing after going to Syria.
Large pictures of the two brothers in Syria were displayed prominently in the family’s living room. The oldest of five siblings, Oguzhan, 36, joined IS in 2012, leaving a wife and four children behind. Halil Ibrahim, 29, married with three children, soon followed suit. The family has been told that Halil Ibrahim was taken captive by the Kurdish People’s Protection Units after being wounded in clashes in Resulain in May 2014. According to the father, a senior Kurdish commander relayed his capture to the IS commander in the region. Since then, however, the family has received no news of their son. And what about Oguzhan? Is he really a military outpost commander in Raqqa? “I don’t know,” the father replied, “I guess he was dismissed from that post.”
Eyup Gozlemecioglu is a jobless man. Together with his children, he used to deal in secondhand home appliances, but he stopped working after his two sons joined IS, a decision he described as “Allah’s commandment” and sought to justify with verses from the Quran. In the meantime, his wife, Erik, returned home after a working day in the streets, where she sells tissues to help keep the household afloat. Unlike her husband, Erik was averse to her sons’ jihadi ambitions. According to her, Oguzhan and Halil Ibrahim had no radical religious views and even enjoyed alcohol before being “brainwashed” to join IS.
She said she communicated with Raqqa-based Oguzhan via WhatsApp but worried about the fate of Halil Ibrahim. To find her missing son, she has sought help from the Foreign Ministry and Turkey’s pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Democratic Party but to no avail. “I so wish they come back even if they have to spend the rest of their lives in jail. If nothing else, I’d be able to see them in prison,” she said.
Hacibayram is an impoverished, squalid area without even a school. Local children go to school more than 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) away after the neighborhood’s two schools were demolished under the pretext of “urban transformation.” For many families, educating their children is already a luxury that they cannot afford. The neighborhood is heavily populated with Syrian refugees, attracted by the low rents of derelict shanty houses. As Al-Monitor bid farewell to the Gozlemecioglu family late in the evening, Hacibayram’s steep, narrow streets were alive with unusual car traffic, which the local official linked to people coming to buy drugs, including heroin, after dark.
In remarks to Al-Monitor, Serhat Erkmen, a researcher of radical Islamist movements at Ahi Evran University, said the defections from IS stemmed mainly from the significant losses of territory and power the group had suffered since last year and the deteriorating living conditions in IS-held areas under bombardment. Recruitment, meanwhile, has declined due to tightened border security and increased control of communication means and social media, in addition to the deterring impact of police operations against suspected IS militants. “Yet the decrease in the number of people joining IS does not mean that sympathy for the group has completely vanished,” he said.
The scholar also noted the returns were not in large numbers yet. “Those who have returned do not make even a third [of those who joined IS], and this is true for all countries,” he said. According to Erkmen, leaving the group is not easy, stressing that the defectors have to pay hefty sums to human smugglers at the border.
The returns have been brought up in the Turkish Parliament as well. In a written question to the interior minister in late June, main opposition deputy Senal Sarihan stressed that Turkey faced an additional security threat from returnees crossing back from Syria and asked how many of them had sought help with their embassies to return home.
The Turkish and foreign defectors sneak into Turkey from the border regions in the Gaziantep and Kilis provinces. According to the Turkish security official who spoke to Al-Monitor, about 40 militants of various nationalities have been caught in the past 30 days alone while attempting to sneak in clandestinely. |
<?php
// autoload_files.php @generated by Composer
$vendorDir = dirname(dirname(__FILE__));
$baseDir = dirname($vendorDir);
return array(
'ad155f8f1cf0d418fe49e248db8c661b' => $vendorDir . '/react/promise/src/functions_include.php',
'0e6d7bf4a5811bfa5cf40c5ccd6fae6a' => $vendorDir . '/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php',
);
|
Rosalie van der Hoek
Rosalie van der Hoek (born 16 December 1994) is a Dutch tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of 760 in singles, achieved on 31 December 2018, and 146 in doubles, set on 11 November 2019.
Van der Hoek made her WTA Tour debut at the 2017 Citi Open in the doubles main draw, partnering Chayenne Ewijk.
ITF Finals
Doubles: 47 (29 titles, 18 runner–ups)
ITF Junior finals
Singles (0–1)
Doubles (5–6)
External links
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dutch female tennis players |
Sunday, November 25, 2012
Creating pointers to functions in C
If you have used a programming language that has first-class functions, that is, supports assigning functions to variables and passing them to other functions, like Python or JavaScript, you may wonder why such flexibility does not exist in C.
It is actually possible, and easy, to implement this in C. In this post, we shall go through
the process of creating pointers to functions.
The first thing to do is to note the function signature, i.e. the function's arguments and return type, who's pointer we want to create. In this example, we want to create a pointer to a function that accepts two integers and returns an integer.
int fptr(int x, int y);
The construct begins like a declaration of the actual function. The next step is to wrap the function name with a pointer syntax.
int (*fptr)(int x, int y);
At this point, fptr can act like a pointer to a function, and will accept a function assigned to it. We probably want to create a type so that we can create several pointers to functions. We therefore prepend typedef to the declaration.
typedef int (*fptr)(int x, int y);
fptr will now act like a type for pointers to functions that accept two integers and return an integer. Declaring a pointer to such a function is now a straight forward affair.
fptr f1, f2;
The following program listing demonstrates how pointers to two different functions with the same function signature can be created, and how they are invoked within a program. |
man, kemp used to be one of my favorite players. it's just disgusting to see how much he crumbled with everything. it's almost like watching your favorite daughter who was a straight a student become a crack whore or something. |
INTRODUCTION
============
Bacterial colonization of myriad niches, both natural and man-made, begins with adhesion to surfaces ([@R1], [@R2]). The colonization of man-made surfaces (catheters, surgical implants, etc.) causes infection ([@R3]) because adhering biofilms resist physical and chemical assaults ([@R4]), and it contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance ([@R5]). Understanding and minimizing bacterial adhesion is a cross-disciplinary "grand challenge" ([@R6]), in which it is key to understand the forces involved. Besides generic electrostatics and dispersion forces ([@R7]), there are also forces of biological origin associated with various adhesins and sticky organelles (for example, fimbriae) ([@R6], [@R8]--[@R10]).
Biophysical studies of bacterial adhesion typically fall into two categories ([@R11]): high-throughput, population-level work giving little single-cell information or low-throughput single-cell studies. We report a robust, generic, and high-throughput tracking and big-data analysis technique that reveals detailed single-cell information in a large population. Applying this technique to *Escherichia coli* on glass, we find substantial variability in the propensity for adhesion and the postadhesion dynamics. Some cells do not adhere despite repeated encounters, whereas others adhere rapidly upon contact. Among the adherers, a fraction pivot freely around their own attachment points and can be removed from the surface by gravity, whereas the remainder spend part of their time in a more strongly bound, rotationally constrained state. This variability remains in flagella- and fimbriae-deletion mutants.
From the biological perspective, such variability exemplifies phenotypic heterogeneity in a clonal population ([@R12]) and offers a new model for its study ([@R13], [@R14]). Given the variety of surfaces that bacteria may encounter, such adhesive phenotypic heterogeneity may be an instance of "bet hedging" ([@R15]), allowing survival when the environment changes unpredictably (for example, following fecal excretion for Enterobacteriaceae).
In soft matter terms, genetically monodisperse *E*. *coli* cells are adhesively polydisperse and behave as "living patchy colloids" bearing a variable number of sticky patches on their cell bodies. Thus, the considerable knowledge about patchy colloids accumulated over the past decade ([@R16]--[@R18]) can be deployed in the design of abiotic surfaces to minimize bacterial adhesion. Bacterial adhesion to engineered patchy soft surfaces has been studied before ([@R19]), but the possibility of patchiness on the bacteria themselves has not been considered in much detail.
We studied *E*. *coli* strain AB1157. Like all K-12 derivatives, it has mutations in the *rfb* gene cluster \[here, in *rfbD* ([@R20])\] preventing O-antigen production ([@R21]). Thus, one major cause of variability and molecular roughness on the cell surface is absent. Our cells display a highly conserved layer of core oligosaccharides anchored to the outer membrane by lipid A ([@R22]), although the precise terminal sugars in AB1157 are unknown. Besides the wild-type (WT), to further simplify the surface, we also used a mutant (AD19 = AB1157 *fimA*^−^, *fliF*^−^; hereafter ΔFF) defective in producing type 1 fimbriae and flagella. In transmission electron micrographs (fig. S1), these cells appear smooth down to ≲ 10 nm. Any heterogeneities, or "patchiness," on the surface of this mutant are likely due to membrane proteins.
RESULTS
=======
A high-throughput method reveals complex adhesion behavior
----------------------------------------------------------
To monitor surface adhesion of *E*. *coli*, we loaded cell suspensions into 400-μm-high borosilicate glass capillaries at \~ 4.5 × 10^7^ cells/ml (WT) or \~ 1.5 × 10^7^ cells/ml (ΔFF) in phosphate motility buffer (MB) and observed them in an inverted microscope at ca. 22°C using a 60× phase-contrast objective (focal depth \~ 3.5 μm) ([Fig. 1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). From measurements at the lower surface at the start of the experiment, we estimate an initial motile fraction between 25 and 35% \[nonadhering motile cells swim at an average speed of ≲ 20 μm s^−1^ ([@R23])\]; the remaining cells are nonmotile and diffuse as passive colloids. With 0.72 μM glucose included in the MB, the swimmers maintain their speed for at least 20 hours ([@R23]). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal that the glass surface is smooth, with a root-mean-squared roughness of 0.25 ± 0.003 nm (fig. S2).
![Tracking and classification of bacteria.\
(**A**) Schematic of adhering (blue), diffusing (olive), and swimming (red) bacteria in a capillary. (**B**) Trajectories tracing the most mobile point on a cell. Straight red lines are fits of the length axis, squares mark anchoring points, and letters mark the type: diffuser (D), swimmer (S), wobbler (W), pivoter (P), and active rotator (R). The image is black/white-inverted and thresholded to be clear in print. Inset: Adhering cell and schematic depicting the anchoring coordinate and most mobile coordinate ∈ \[−0.5, 0.5\] on its length axis. (**C**) MSDs as a function of time interval **τ** from trajectories of swimming (red), diffusing (olive), and adhering (blue) bacteria; thin lines show randomly selected individual trajectories and thick lines represent the average 〈*R*^2^(*A*, τ)〉~*i*,*t*~ of each category. The insets show an example trajectory for each category; squares denote the position in the last frame. (**D**) Normalized distribution of the translational exponent *k*~T~ for WT cells on glass during the first 2 hours of the experiment, showing distinct peaks for adhering (A), diffusing (D), and swimming (S) subpopulations. (**E**) Normalized distribution of the rotational exponent *k*~R~ for adhering cells, showing three peaks for wobblers (W), pivoters (P), and active rotators (R). Data in in panels D and E for the nonflagellated mutant ΔFF are shown in gray. (**F**) Two-dimensional histogram (logarithmic scaling) of the translational (*k*~T~) and rotational (*k*~R~) exponents for WT cells, showing three peaks for adherers (W, P, and R), one for diffusers (D), and one for swimmers (S). The distributions in panels D to F are based on 139,335 cells for WT and 10,582 cells for ΔFF, and data are weighted for trajectory durations.](aao1170-F1){#F1}
Time-lapse images of the bottom and top glass surfaces were taken automatically at multiple locations to track arriving cells and their subsequent fate. We adapted algorithms used for colloidal rods ([@R24]) to determine the position **r**, orientation θ, and projected length *l*~P~ of each cell (movie S1) and track these in time. Typical analyzed trajectories are shown in [Fig. 1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"} and movie S2. Quantifying these trajectories allows us to classify cells' adhesive phenotypes.
Focusing first on translation, we identified for each cell the point of least motion along its length axis (fig. S3), corresponding roughly to the center of attachment for adhered cells and to the hydrodynamic center for free cells, and determined its mean-squared displacement (MSD) = 〈(**r**(*t* + τ) − **r**(*t*))^2^〉. At short delay time (τ ≤ 0.4 s), all cells show $\text{MSD} \cong \mathit{C}_{T}\tau^{\mathit{k}_{T}}$, with a range of {*C*~T~, *k*~T~} ([Fig. 1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), exhibiting constrained, diffusive, or ballistic (directed) motion with values peaked around *k*~T~ = 0, 1, or 2, respectively ([@R25], [@R26]).
The probability distribution of *k*~T~, *P*(*k*~T~), shows three well-separated peaks ([Fig. 1D](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), classifying cells into adherers (A), diffusers (D), or swimmers (S). Cells with *k*~T~ ≲ 0.6 and *k*~T~ ≳ 1.3 correspond to adherers and swimmers, respectively. Diffusers show 0.6 ≲ *k*~T~ ≲ 1.3; the spread and skewness of the distribution in this range come from the finite, stochastic trajectories used in tracking.
The initial analysis misidentified some diffusers as adherers and vice versa, for example, because of the width of the distributions and a few adherers that pivot around their poles and swing out of plane, showing up as rapid short-time motion. To resolve this issue, we further required that adherers be visible for at least 6 s. Trajectories with *k*~T~ ≲ 0.6 and shorter than 6 s were labeled as ambiguous. For trajectories greater than 6 s, we also calculated the translational exponents for the longer delay time of τ = 4 s; we then used this exponent, $\mathit{k}_{T}^{4s}$, as a cell's translational exponent if both $\mathit{k}_{T}^{4s} < 0.6$ and $\mathit{k}_{T}^{4s} < \mathit{k}_{T}^{0.4s}$ and identified the trajectory on this basis.
Visual inspection of trajectories (movies S3 to S7) revealed correct automated classification of ≳ 95 % of all cells using this algorithm. The shallow minimum in *P*(*k*~T~) demarcating the D and S subpopulations coincides with the cutoff in *P*(*k*~T~) measured for the ΔFF mutant ([Fig. 1E](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, gray), which does not swim.
Similarly, we fitted the mean-squared orientational displacement (MSOD) $= \langle{(\theta(\mathit{t} + \tau) - \theta(\mathit{t}))}^{2}\rangle = \mathit{C}_{R}\tau^{\mathit{k}_{R}}$ for τ \< 0.4 s. The probability distribution of *k*~R~, *P*(*k*~R~), for WT adherers shows two peaks falling off to a long "tail" at *k*~R~ \~ 2 ([Fig. 1E](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). We interpret *k*~R~ \~ 0 as corresponding to adhering cells that "wobble" (W) around a fixed orientation; *k*~R~ \~ 1 as corresponding to cells that "pivot" (P) around a fixed attachment point and undergo apparently free rotational diffusion; and *k*~R~ \~ 2 as corresponding to cells that "rotate ballistically" (R).
Only adherers show three rotational modes. Diffusing and swimming cells both appear only as a single mode in *k*~R~. This pattern is clear in the two-dimensional heat map of {*k*~T~, *k*~R~} ([Fig. 1F](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), which shows three features for adherers (W, P, and R), one for diffusers (D), and one for swimmers (S). Of the three different adhering modes, the active rotators observed for WT strains were not found in ΔFF cells, which is reflected by the missing tail at *k*~R~ \> 1.3 for ΔFF (gray area in [Fig. 1E](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). We attribute ballistic rotation to the presence of active flagella ([@R27]), which we further verified using a strain modified to permit flagella staining (movie S8) ([@R28]). We observed that most rotating cells were found adhering with a point on or close to the body. From the movies, it appears that active rotation originated from direct adhesion by a rotating motor or short filament or, indirectly, by freely moving flagella rotating an otherwise adhering cell. We also observed cells "tethered" by a flagellum with the cell body not attached to the surface, but these occurrences were rare. Flagella-mediated adhesion is implicated in biofilm formation and pathogenicity ([@R29], [@R30]). It may be electrostatically mediated ([@R31]--[@R33]), so that its rarity (≤ 6 % of cells; cf. [Fig. 1E](#F1){ref-type="fig"}) under our high-ionicity conditions (Debye screening length κ~D~^−1^ ≈ 1 nm) is perhaps unsurprising. Hereafter, we mostly neglect active rotators and focus on wobblers and pivoters.
The pivoting state is particularly intriguing: The diffusive angular motion implies that the cell is attached at a single, freely rotating locus. We observed many cells pivoting more than 2π within a single movie. Virtually no pivoters were observed in the adhesion of sterically stabilized synthetic bacterium-shaped hollow silica particles (fig. S1) ([@R34]), so that such free rotation is not a generic feature of colloidal rods attached to surfaces. Neither is it due to surface organelles, because pivoters were well represented in WT and ΔFF strains and in further mutants ΔFH and ΔFFH, which additionally lacked the hook protein (fig. S4). We later examine this pivoting behavior in more detail.
In sum, tracking the translational and rotational motion of *E*. *coli* at a borosilicate glass surface has revealed a variety of adhesive behavior: Some cells adhere, others do not; of the adherers, a small number rotate ballistically, whereas most either wobble or undergo pivoted rotational diffusion. The question naturally arises: Is this variety due to cells switching between different modes of behavior within our observational time scale or due to the presence of different kinds of cells? In statistical physics terms, is the "disorder" (presence of multiple modes of behavior) annealed or quenched? To answer this question, we turn our attention to the adhesion dynamics.
Adhesive propensity is phenotypically heterogeneous
---------------------------------------------------
We followed the arrival of cells on the lower capillary surface from the bulk (shown schematically in [Fig. 2A](#F2){ref-type="fig"}) and observed the buildup of the different subpopulations to a steady state ([Fig. 2B](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The time between sealing the capillary and beginning observations (≲ 10 min) was long enough for the near-surface swimmers to achieve dynamic equilibrium with the bulk ([@R35]), so that we observed a roughly constant number of near-surface swimmers. Meanwhile, the number of adherers and diffusers both increased steadily before saturating after \~ 2 hours, which is consistent with nonswimmers sedimenting through the *h* = 400 μm capillary at an independently measured speed of *v*~s~ = 0.06 ± 0.01 μm s^−1^. There was no detectable delay between the arrival of the first diffusers and the first adherers ([Fig. 2B](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), so that adhesion is rapid on the scale of 5 min. Repeating with ΔFF mutants gave qualitatively similar dynamics except for the absence of swimmers and rotators ([Fig. 2C](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). From this, we infer that flagella and fimbriae are not essential to the observed WT phenomenology.
{#F2}
[Figure 2B](#F2){ref-type="fig"} shows that more than half of the population does not adhere to the surface and that this fraction stays approximately constant over 14 hours. We will argue that this is primarily due to inherent, phenotypic heterogeneity between the cells. However, we must first exclude the alternative possibility that the incomplete adhesion is maintained by a dynamic equilibrium between surface binding and unbinding of otherwise identical cells. For this, we use an inversion assay ([@R36]), in which we inverted the capillary and observed that nonadhering diffusing cells sediment toward the new lower surface, which, at this point, is virtually empty ([Fig. 2D](#F2){ref-type="fig"}, left panel). When the sedimenting cells reach the new lower surface around 1 to 2 hours after inversion ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}, E and F), almost none of them adhere. This is inconsistent with a dynamic equilibrium between otherwise identical cells, for which we would expect the same ratio of diffusers to adherers on the lower surface before and after inversion. Therefore, we reason that there are differences between the adhesive properties of individual cells. In statistical physics terms, the disorder in adhesive propensity is quenched. This inversion assay also rules out a third possibility, that the number of adherers is limited by the availability of binding sites on the glass surface. In this unobserved scenario, we would expect phenotypically sticky cells, which were unable to find a binding site before inversion, to adhere post-inversion to the new, empty lower surface.
Over longer time scales, there is a slight increase in the number of adhering cells on the new lower surface for both ΔFF and WT cells. This increase is due to previously adhering cells detaching slowly from the new upper surface and sedimenting downward and reattaching to the new lower surface. We can show this by monitoring the decay in adherer numbers remaining on the (new) upper surface (green squares in [Fig. 2F](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Fitting the adherer number *N* to *N*(*t*) = *N*(0)*e*^−\ γ*t*^ returns a detachment rate of γ ≈ 0.032 hour^−1^. After the time it takes for detached adherers to sediment through the capillary (less than 2 hours), all of these cells appear at and re-adhere to the (new) lower surface, with the rate of this attachment being approximately equal to the detachment rate, as one would expect from our picture. This shows that the adhesion properties of individual cells are preserved in time: Cells that were previously adhering on the (new) upper surface, detach, and sediment downward are capable of reattaching on the (new) lower surface.
Postadhesion dynamics are also phenotypically heterogeneous
-----------------------------------------------------------
We next focus on adhering cells and distinguish between wobblers and pivoters on the basis of their MSOD. We report data for ΔFF mutants, for which there are no active rotators. As cells arrived on the lower capillary surface, the number of wobblers and pivoters increased linearly before saturating, showing a constant P/W ratio of 3:1 throughout ([Fig. 3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). After capillary inversion, the dynamics of these two subpopulations diverged: Pivoters left the (new) upper surface at least an order of magnitude faster than wobblers, whose number remained almost constant ([Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, wobblers appear more tightly bound.
{ref-type="fig"} (C and F). (**D**) Histogram showing the fraction of time cells are identified as wobbling on the lower surface before inversion, as in experiments (from a total of 117 movies over six different positions recorded between 4 and 12 hours before capillary inversion) and simulations. (**E**) Probabilities for a cell in a wobbling (W) or pivoting (P) state at time *t* to be found wobbling, pivoting, or off the surface (O) at a later time *t* + Δ*t* (lines are for the kinetic model). (**F**) Schematic of weakly and strongly adhering cells: filled red circle, bound adhesive patch; empty circles, unbound adhesive patch.](aao1170-F3){#F3}
The rate of arrival of pivoters on the (new) lower surface ([Fig. 3C](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) equaled the rate of their disappearance from the (new) upper surface ([Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), with a delay in arrival consistent with sedimenting through 400 μm. The buildup of wobblers on the (new) lower surface commenced ≳ 1 hour after the arrival of the first pivoters, suggesting that pivoters may become wobblers. To confirm this, we monitored adherers on the lower surface before inversion over 8 hours in the steady state and measured the fraction of time *F*~w~, each cell spent as a wobbler ([Fig. 3D](#F3){ref-type="fig"}): \~ 70% of cells were always pivoting, whereas the remainder switched between wobbling and pivoting.
The data in [Fig. 3D](#F3){ref-type="fig"} are not consistent with a single population of adherers stochastically switching between wobbling and pivoting states, for which we expect a broad distribution peaked around some intermediate *F*~w~. The sharp peak at *F*~w~ = 0 (always pivoting) implies at least two populations: a stochastically switching fraction and a pure pivoting fraction.
The interstate switching dynamics can be quantified ([Fig. 3E](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) by a time-dependent transition matrix, *P*~ab~(Δ*t*), giving the probability of a cell in state "a" at time *t* being in state "b" at time *t* + Δ*t*, where {a} = {P, W} and {b} = {P, W, O}, with P, W, and O standing for pivoting, wobbling, and off, respectively, with the latter denoting a cell detaching from the surface altogether. There is significant P ↔ W switching on a time scale of several hours. However, some cells are mostly in either the P state or the W state: Only \~ 10 % of originally P cells become W cells and \~ 30 % of originally W cells become P cells. The discernible rate of W → O transitions explains the slow buildup of wobblers on the (new) lower surface after inversion ([Fig. 3C](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Direct visual analysis of the trajectories confirms that W → O transitions occurred via the sequence W ↔ P → O. This implies that wobbling cells detaching from the upper surface first become pivoters before they detach and that they reattach as pivoters before becoming wobblers. On the lower surface before inversion, detachments and reattachments of cells occurred at a steady rate over time scales of hours. Detached cells were rarely observed to reattach at the same site but almost always at alternative locations on the surface (fig. S5 and movie S9), which again demonstrates that adhesion is not limited by a low number of binding sites on the glass substrate.
In sum, we conclude that adhering cells are also phenotypically heterogeneous and can either be purely pivoting or switch between pivoting and wobbling states. Moreover, a pivoting cell may relatively easily detach from the surface, whereas wobbling cells can only do so by first becoming pivoters.
A patchy-colloid model explains *E*. *coli* adhesion dynamics
-------------------------------------------------------------
In a simple model consistent with our observations ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), cells may have 0, 1, or ≥ 2 adhesive patches available for simultaneous surface binding. Cells without patches are permanent nonadherers. Cells with 1 patch are "pure pivoters"---such a cell bound to a surface using its single adhesive patch may detach stochastically because of thermal motion. Cells with ≥ 2 patches may be actually bound to a surface at ≥ 2, 1, or 0 of these patches and appear as a wobbler, pivoter, or a free diffuser. Note that our ΔFF mutant data show that these patches are not necessarily (if at all) associated with flagella or fimbriae. Moreover, in our model, cells with at least one available adhesive patch will eventually encounter the surface with this patch because of rotational diffusion. This mimics reality, where the rotational self-diffusion time in bulk τ~self,rot~ ≈ (2π)^2^/4*D*~rot~ ≈ 1 min for a free cell \[using typical measured values for *D*~rot~ for deflaggelated *E*. *coli* ([@R37])\], so that it can explore many different orientations during an experiment.
The observed rate at which pivoters leave the upper capillary surface after inversion (γ ≈ 0.032 hour^−1^; [Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) allows us to estimate the adhesive strength of a single patch. A particle confined to a potential of depth Δ*U* escapes at rate ([@R38])$$\gamma = \left( \frac{\kappa_{S}\mathit{D}}{2\pi\mathit{k}_{B}\mathit{T}} \right)\text{exp}\left( - \frac{\Delta\mathit{U}}{\mathit{k}_{B}\mathit{T}} \right)$$Here, *k*~B~ is Boltzmann's constant, *T* is the temperature, and *D* is the particle's diffusivity inside a potential well of stiffness κ~S~. Dimensional analysis suggests that κ~S~ ≈ Δ*U*/*L*^2^, where *L* is the interaction range. From AFM, we estimate 20 ≲ *L* ≲ 100 nm for bacteria adhering to a variety of surfaces ([@R39], [@R40]). Separately, from the typical maximum MSD of the anchoring coordinate of pivoting cells, we estimate *L* ≲ 200 nm (fig. S6). Δ*U* is rather insensitive to the exact value used. Taking a conservatively broad range of 5 nm \< *L* \< 150 nm and *D* = 0.4 μm^2^ s^−1^ ([@R41]), we obtain 15 *k*~B~*T* \< Δ*U* \< 23 *k*~B~*T*. This is well within the range of, for example, electrostatic and hydration effects ([@R42]) and hydrophobic interactions ([@R43]) between glass and proteins ([@R44]) or lipopolysaccharides ([@R45]). We note that if electrostatic attractions were to play a role in adhesion, these are likely very local because of the smallness of the Debye screening length (κ~D~^−1^ ≈ 1 nm) and the fact that the bacterial surface bears a net negative charge (zeta potential = − 16 mV measured for our WT strain). The latter observation means that any electrostatic attraction with a negative glass surface ([@R33]) must be due to localized minority positive charges on the bacterium arising from, for example, amine and hydroxyl groups at around neutral pH ([@R9]).
In a previous work where an inversion assay was used ([@R36]), it was suggested that gravitational pull might contribute to the detachment of cells from the upper surface (after inversion). The potential energy difference due to gravity for displacing a cell over a distance comparable to the interaction range, *U*~g~ ≈ 0.05 *k*~B~*T*, is much smaller than our estimated binding energy of an adhesive patch and therefore has a negligible effect on the detachment rate. Nonetheless, gravity causes a more subtle difference between the adhesion dynamics on the lower and upper surfaces. Once a cell on the upper surface detaches, it immediately starts sedimenting downward (away from the surface), making it highly improbable that it will reattach. On the lower surface, detaching cells remain close to the same surface and reattach to it eventually.
To deduce the likely maximum number of adhesive patches on our cells available for simultaneous surface binding, we consider the statistics of the point of minimum translation ("anchoring point," − 0.5 ≤ *A* ≤ 0.5; [Fig. 1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, inset). The distribution of anchoring points for wobblers (≥ 2 patches) is given by some weighted average over the individual patch locations (see the Supplementary Materials) and so must be narrower than that for a pivoter with a single patch. [Figure 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"} plots the observed normalized distribution of the anchoring coordinate \|*A*\| for pivoters ([Fig. 4A](#F4){ref-type="fig"}) and wobblers ([Fig. 4B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}), being narrower for the latter (SDs 0.27 and 0.22, respectively). We modeled the anchor-point distribution for adherers with *n* patches ([Fig. 4B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}), assuming that these patches are placed along the cell axis according to the *P*(\|*A*\|) for pivoters, and that the anchoring coordinate for a wobbler is the average of the coordinates for these patches (see the Supplementary Materials). Our data suggest *n* = 2 or 3. This is as expected: Higher *n* would mean that pivoters and nonadherers should be very rare and that wobblers would almost never detach, contrary to observations.
{#F4}
Note that the experimental distribution of \|*A*\| for pivoters is slightly peaked near the cell center (\|*A*\| ≈ 0) and toward the cell pole (\|*A*\| ≈ 0.3) ([Fig. 4A](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The former is an artifact: A spherocylindrical cell adhering at one pole will appear as a small circle with an adhesion point identified in the cell center, artificially shifting the distribution toward \|*A*\| = 0. This can be removed by excluding cells with small projected lengths (orange line), although this does not significantly modify the predicted *P*(\|*A*\|) for wobblers. The other peak indicates that cells have a slight preference for polar adhesion, as previously found for other strains ([@R36], [@R46]). The observation that the peak is not at the pole itself is again due to the cell's spherocylindrical shape.
We can simulate a minimal kinetic model based on the schematic in [Fig. 3F](#F3){ref-type="fig"}. Bacteria are modeled as noninteracting point particles in a box with periodic boundary conditions in the horizontal (*x*, *y*) plane and impenetrable boundaries in the vertical (*z*) direction. Cells diffuse and sediment toward the lower surface. For ΔFF mutants, there are three independent subpopulations: nonadherers that do not bind to the surface; weak adherers that bind to the surface to become pivoters at rate *k*~adh~ when within a distance Δ*z*~adh~; and strong adherers that bind to the surface as pivoters, also at *k*~adh~, and can switch stochastically to a wobbling state or back, respectively, with rates *k*~PW~ and *k*~WP~. Both weak and strong adherers can only detach from the surface, at rate *k*~det~, when in the pivoting state.
The model uses values of the diffusivity and sedimentation speed based on independent measurements, and Δ*z*~adh~ = 100 nm, in line with the typical interaction range. Fitting the on-surface switching dynamics ([Fig. 3E](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) gives estimates for *k*~PW~, *k*~WP~, and the ratio of weak to strong adherers. Varying the remaining parameters, *k*~adh~, *k*~det~, and the total numbers of adherers and nonadherers credibly reproduces the main features of all our observations (curves in relevant parts of [Figs. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). We model the WT cells in the same way, except that a fraction of cells can swim and a subfraction of those can adhere as active rotators. The cell numbers are fitted, but the swimming speed is measured independently. Full model details are given in the Supplementary Materials, including used cell numbers (table S1) and movies depicting the simulations (movies S10 and S11).
DISCUSSION
==========
We investigated the adhesion of *E*. *coli* AB1157 in buffer solution to glass. Using high-throughput and big-data analysis methods, we found strong heterogeneities between individual cells within a clonal population that are not related to type 1 fimbriae or flagella. These heterogeneities appear in the propensity for adhesion as well as the postadhesion dynamics. At least two types of adherers exist. Freely pivoted weak adherers are rotationally unconstrained and detach relatively easily. Strong adherers switch between this pivoting state and a rotationally constrained wobbling motion, in which they are more firmly bound to the surface.
A model of cells with adhesive patches that bind and unbind stochastically to the surfaces can explain our results. In this model, what differentiates subpopulations is the number of accessible patches per cell. Nonadhering cells have no patches and are always freely diffusing, weak adherers have one patch, and strong adherers have multiple adhesive patches that can bind simultaneously. These patches are estimated to have an interaction range of ≲ 100 nm and contact energy of 15 to 23 *k*~B~*T*. A very recent direct measurement of two Gram-positive species of *Staphylococcus* bacteria ([@R47]) shows that their adhesion to surfaces is mediated by sticky patches of radii \~ 100 to 300 nm, from which an interaction range of 20 ≲ *L* ≲ 120 nm is obtained. Thus, the physical mechanisms we have deduced from our experiments for *E. coli* may well be generic, even where specific details vary, for example, the interaction strengths measured in ([@R47]) are much larger, at \>10^3^ *k*~B~*T*.
However, the properties of the bacterial surface depend on many variables. Thus, for example, the acid-base properties of the surfaces of *E*. *coli* K-12 and *Bacillus brevis* cells are dependent on species, growth phase, as well as the composition of the growth media ([@R48]). These properties also change upon adhesion ([@R9]). When initial adhesion leads to the formation of a full-blown biofilm, different adhesive proteins are involved in binding cells to the substrate or to each other ([@R10], [@R49]). Both population variations in adhesion strength ([@R50]) and the location on the cell surface of adhesive interactions ([@R51]) are of importance. The study of a variety of organisms under diverse conditions will therefore be needed to establish a full picture.
Our work raises important questions about the biomolecular details of adhesion, most obviously the nature of the adhesive patches. Their rotational freedom implicates membrane proteins, which can rotate freely in lipid bilayers ([@R52]), whereas the interaction range of *L* \~ 100 nm suggests the involvement of cell surface macromolecules, consistent with a recent suggestion based on more direct, AFM measurements ([@R47]). Such rotational freedom raises the further question of the possible translational freedom of these patches, because individual proteins can also translate diffusively in the bacterial outer membrane ([@R53]). Both motions are strongly dependent on temperature because of lipidic phase transitions. If future work finds these adhesive patches to have temperature-dependent mobility, then bacteria will constitute a new class of patchy colloids. The interaction of mobile adhesive patches with rough ([@R54]) and patchy ([@R19]) substrates offers intriguing possibilities.
Another key question is the origin of the phenotypic heterogeneity we observed. This may be an instance of phase variation---the reversible switching on and off of gene expression ([@R55]), often of surface structures ([@R56]). On the other hand, adhesion may trigger a process of diversification in gene expression analogous to the process discovered recently in biofilm formation ([@R57]). Elucidating these issues using modern tools for time-dependent gene and protein expression assays is now an urgent task.
Finally, our work has implications for the design of antiadhesion surfaces, which is a key part of the ongoing fight against bacterial infections. First, it appears that we must now think in terms of designing antiadhesion surfaces that account for the range of adhesive phenotypes. Second, designing antiadhesion technologies will involve computer simulations, which, however, will never be fine-grained enough to include all details. Our finding that bacteria are patchy colloids vis-à-vis surface adhesion can help to design viable coarse-graining strategies and provide the necessary parameters for the computational study of this important phenomenon.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
=====================
Bacterial suspensions
---------------------
All bacterial cells (*E*. *coli* AB1157 WT and various mutants; see the Supplementary Materials) were initially grown on LB agar plates, then inoculated and transferred to 10 ml of liquid LB, and incubated for 16 hours at 30°C. A fresh culture was inoculated as 1:100 dilution of overnight grown cells in 35 ml of tryptone broth and grown for 4 hours (to late exponential phase). Cells were washed three times with MB \[6.2 mM K~2~HPO~4~ (Sigma-Aldrich), 3.8 mM KH~2~PO~4~ (Fisher Chemical), 67 mM NaCl (Fisher Chemical), and 0.1 mM EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich)\] by careful filtration and were resuspended in MB at an optical density of ≈ 0.03 (WT) and ≈ 0.01 (ΔFF) at 600 nm, corresponding to ≈ 4.5 × 10^7^ (WT) and ≈ 1.5 × 10^7^ (ΔFF) cells/ml ([@R23]). Just before starting the adhesion assays, glucose solution in MB was added to the dispersion (dispersion contains 0.72 μM glucose after addition). We measured the electrophoretic mobility of the bacteria μ~E~ using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano Z.
Adhesion assays
---------------
Cell suspensions were loaded into borosilicate glass capillaries (Vitrocom, 0.4 × 8.0 × 50 mm) subsequently sealed with Vaseline. We recorded movies (1040 × 1024 pixels, 30 frames/s) focused on lower or upper capillary surfaces using a Mikrotron MC1362 camera on an inverted Nikon Ti-U microscope with a 60× phase-contrast objective (Nikon Plan Fluor, Ph2; numerical aperture, 0.7). Custom LabVIEW software controls the camera, a motorized stage (H117P21N4 with ProScan III, Prior Scientific), and a piezo objective actuator (P-725.4CD with E-753, Physik Instrumente) to automatically record movies at multiple locations on the inner capillary surface in time ([@R23]).
Analysis
--------
For each movie, we filtered out background signals and noise, after which we determined the positions, orientations, and projected lengths of bacterial cells using an adapted algorithm specifically developed for rod-shaped colloids ([@R24]) and tracked bacteria in successive frames to obtain continuous trajectories. The suspension was so dilute that cells rarely collided, but those sections of trajectories crossing closer than 2.5 μm were omitted from the analysis. Other remaining misidentifications (for example, two neighboring cells recognized as one) were rare and did not affect the results significantly. Trajectories shorter than 0.8 s were not considered for classification. Trajectories displaying an adhering signature *k*~T~ \< 0.6 but shorter than 6 s were considered ambiguous.
Supplementary Material
======================
###### http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/4/eaao1170/DC1
We thank A. Jepson, A. Morozov, J. Thijssen, M. Cates, R. di Leonardo, F. Sciortino, A. Lips, T. Pilizota, A. Lepore, and H. Berg for useful discussions. **Funding:** T.V. was funded by FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF Marie Curie fellowships (LivPaC, 623364) and N.K. through H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 (ActiDoC, 654688). J.M.F. held an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) studentship (EP/L015536/1 SOFI CDT), and A.T.B. received funding from a University of Edinburgh Chancellor's Fellowship. Others were funded by EPSRC program grant EP/J007404/1 and European Research Council Advanced Grant GA 340877-PHYSAPS. We acknowledge the support of the Wellcome Trust Multi-user Equipment Grant (WT104915MA) for recording the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. **Author contributions:** T.V. and W.C.K.P. designed the research. A.D. constructed the mutants. A.D. and J.S.-L. prepared the bacteria. A.B.S. prepared the silica-coated bacteria and performed the scanning electron microscopy measurements. T.V. performed the adhesion experiments. V.A.M. assisted in the preliminary experiments, microscopy setup, and measurement protocols. J.M.F. and V.K. performed the AFM measurements. J.M.F. and T.V. performed TEM measurements. T.V., A.T.B., N.K., M.H., and W.C.K.P. analyzed the data. A.T.B. and T.V. performed the modeling. V.A.M., J.A., and N.K. assisted with the experiments. T.V., A.T.B., and W.C.K.P. wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. **Competing interests:** The authors declare that they have no competing interests. **Data and materials availability:** Data used in this publication are available on the Edinburgh DataShare repository (DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.7488/ds/2315>). All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Supplementary material for this article is available at <http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/4/eaao1170/DC1>
section S1. Characterization
section S2. Synthesis and experimental details of bacterium-shaped hollow silica particles
section S3. Determining the anchoring point of a cell and classifying its dynamics
section S4. Adhesion for mutants without the flagellar hook
section S5. Pivoters, wobblers, and deserted adhesion sites
section S6. MSDs of anchoring point for wobblers and pivoters
section S7. Kinetic model details
fig. S1. Electron microscopy images of *E. coli* WT and ΔFF and bacterium-shaped hollow silica particles.
fig. S2. AFM images of the inner surface of the glass capillaries.
fig. S3. MSDs and anchoring points on the length axis of different types of bacteria.
fig. S4. Distributions of rotational exponents *k*~R~ for mutants lacking essential hook proteins.
fig. S5. Pivoters, wobblers, and deserted binding sites for *E. coli* WT and ΔFF.
fig. S6. MSDs versus τ for pivoters and wobblers.
table S1. The cell numbers used for simulating the dynamics of bacterial adhesion.
movie S1. Determining positions and orientations of bacteria within the field of view.
movie S2. Lower surface before inversion for WT, categorized cells.
movie S3. Fifteen examples of trajectories for WT cells identified as diffusing.
movie S4. Fifteen examples of trajectories for WT cells identified as swimming.
movie S5. Fifteen examples of trajectories for WT cells identified as adhering and wobbling.
movie S6. Fifteen examples of trajectories for WT cells identified as adhering and pivoting.
movie S7. Fifteen examples of trajectories for WT cells identified as adhering and actively rotating.
movie S8. Examples of adhering cells with stained flagella (AD14) that are actively rotating.
movie S9. Illustration of deserted binding sites on the surface in time for ΔFF.
movie S10. Computer simulations of the inversion experiment for *E*. *coli* WT using a simple kinetic model.
movie S11. Computer simulations of the inversion experiment for ΔFF using a simple kinetic model.
References ([@R58]--[@R60])
|
Missing teen returns home | News
Title (Max 100 Characters)
FORSYTH COUNTY, Ga. -- A 15-year-old boy who disappeared earlier this week returned home Thursday.
Forysth County Sheriff's officials said 15-year-old John "Calvin" Felso arrived home on his own just before noon.
The teen disappeared from the Oakmont subdivision off of Atlanta Highway in Cumming at around 10 p.m. Tuesday. Investigators were initially concerned for his safety, saying he may need immediate medical attention.
Sheriff's spokesman Capt. Tim House said investigators spent all day Wednesday and much of Thursday morning searching for Felso. |
Participatory Economics: Alternative to Capitalism?
Co-founder of the participatory economics theory, Michael Albert, talks about how this philosophy would work for all, and why it’s different from other alternatives to capitalism. (Albert appears at the 3:25 mark) |
The morphology and biologic behavior of human glioblastoma growing in nude mice.
Seven human glioblastomas (five small cell glioblastomas [SCG] and two anaplastic astrocytomas with giant cells [AA]) grown in serial passage in BALB/c nude mice and nude rats, were studied histologically and compared to human donor tumors. Four SCG maintained many basic features seen in donor tissue, i.e., cell type, tendency to produce micronecrotic palisading (MNP), high cellularity, numerous mitoses. Significant vascular proliferation was seen only in nude rat hosts of one of the SCG lines transplanted from mice at passage 11. Giant capillaries, cyst formation and hemorrhages were features of large (1.0 cm) heterotransplanted SCG. One SCG altered morphology from first passage, showing an adenoid pattern and mucinous change. Both AA preserved original tissue characteristics in initial passages. Later dedifferentiation occurred with small cells predominating. These small cells were larger and rounder than those of the SCG. Large AA showed central necrosis but rarely MNP, hemorrhages and focal inflammatory infiltrates. |
<!doctype html public "restroom">
<title>Complex Polylines</title>
<link href="../global.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<body>
<h1>Complex Polylines</h1>
<div id="example"></div>
<script src="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js"></script>
<script src="../build/polyline-complex.js"></script>
|
Tag Info
Ethereum uses KECCAK-256. It should be noted that it does not follow
the FIPS-202 based standard (a.k.a SHA-3), which was finalized in August 2015.
According to this, NIST changed the padding to SHA3-256(M) = KECCAK [512] (M || 01, 256).
This was different from the padding proposed by the Keccak team in The Keccak SHA-3 submission version 3 (final, winning ...
Jehan's answer is great, but we need to explain one more thing: Why does sha3(1) in solidity produce b10e2d...fa0cf6?
This is because solidity's sha3 function hashes its inputs based on the argument types. Thus the value 1 will generate a different hash if it is stored as bytes8, bytes16, bytes32, etc. Since sha3(1) is being passed 1 as a number literal, it ...
Ethereum uses Keccak-256, instead of the SHA-3 FIPS 202 standard. In the sha3 libraries you are using, try looking for the option to specify using Keccak-256.
For Python see Getting Method ID "Keccak hash" in Python
For Javascript, this library js-sha3 would involve using the keccak_256 function instead of sha3_256.
keccak_256('');
// ...
To make it clearer that Ethereum uses KECCAK-256 instead of the NIST standardized SHA-3 hash function, Solidity 0.4.3 has introduced keccak256. (It is an alias to sha3, meaning that keccak256 produces identical results to sha3, but with the intent to avoid confusion, especially for developers new to Ethereum.) It's recommended that new code use keccak256 ...
Extending on this answer:
Ethereum uses Keccak hashing, which was submitted to the NIST competition for SHA3. It was subsequently selected as a winner in 2012, but the final standard was only released in August 2015.
Ethereum uses Keccak in its form as it was selected in 2012. Too bad some parameters of the algorithm were tweaked for the final ...
topics[0] is the hash of the signature of the event.
Example from Solidity docs:
keccak256("Deposit(address,bytes32,uint256)") is the signature of the event:
event Deposit(
address indexed _from,
bytes32 indexed _id,
uint _value
);
web3.sha3() takes an encoding parameter to specify that you are passing in a hex address:
address_string = '0x5b2063246f2191f18f2675cedb8b28102e957458';
web3.sha3(address_string, {encoding: 'hex'});
As a general side-note: you have to pay gas costs to do any custom work in Solidity so, when possible, you are best off working on the javascript side.
The arguments are expressed as bytes, left-padded with zeroes to the maximum length of the data type you've passed in, and concatenated without any kind of delimiter.
In Python, given two hex-encoded bytes32s prepended with a 0x called first and second, it looks something like:
# keccak, change before upgrading pysha >= 3.10
from sha3 import sha3_256
...
from an answer to What are the key differences between the draft SHA-3 standard and the Keccak submission?:
No they did not, the internals and security levels have not been
changed from the draft Keccak submission, only the padding rule has
changed.
The padding change is the only difference, this allows
future tree hashing modes as well as the ...
I believe this is just a bit mask.
The code loads the call data, shifts it to the right, and then does a bitwise AND with 0xFFFFFFFF to get the (now) bottom four bytes (the function selector).
Then it compares the four bytes extracted with the known function selector. It doesn't matter that the function signature you're looking for happens to be 0xFFFFFFFF....
You need to install the latest pyethereum; I just uploaded it as pyethereum 1.3.7, or from the state_revamp branch. That should also automatically install the latest pyrlp, which has one compatibility fix; if it doesn't then you can install it yourself from http://github.com/ethereum/pyrlp.
If you don't do this, then there are going to be a few bugs that ...
The function signatures need to be unique only within a contract. The Solidity compiler will detect and prevent collisions if they are not unique in this case. If you have fewer than 2^16 functions in your contract, collisions are unlikely to happen by chance.
There was a Reddit thread about this recently, but it seems a bit contrived to me and not a ...
In your NodeJS you have to fix the input you are passing to its keccak function. The fix might simply be: keccak_256(firstName+lastName+ studentId); but you have to check your NodeJS library as well as the types you're passing in.
Solidity docs:
keccak256(...) returns (bytes32): compute the Ethereum-SHA-3
(Keccak-256) hash of the (tightly packed) ...
You can use our Firefly Hardware Wallet (https://firefly.city) for the ATmega328 to do:
secp256k1 signing
RLP decoding transactions
keccak256
generating checksum addresses (or raw addresses)
Signing requires in the neighbourhood of around 700 bytes of free memory, I believe, but everything else requires a fairly slim memory footprint.
If you require an ...
I came across this paper that looks at using Keccak-256 (the original one that Ethereum uses, not SHA3) as a PRNG. It subjects the output of the hash to a large number of tests of randomness and it passes them all.
Conclusion:
The experimental results show the KECCAK hash function has excellent
pseudo randomness, and its security shows that it can be ...
A hash function is different to a proof-of-work algorithm. Much of the effort in following a proof-of-work algorithm involves making hashes, but they're distinct things.
Ethash is the proof-of-work algorithm. Keccak-256 is the most commonly-used hash function. Keccak-256 is used internally in places like when making hashes for block headers, but the place ...
You can use web3.utils.soliditySha3()
Alternatively you can try this way:
web3.sha3(web3.toHex(string1) + address1, {encoding:"hex"});
Note that address1 should not be prefixed with 0x.
Example:
> web3.sha3(web3.toHex("test1") + "0AbdAce70D3790235af448C88547603b945604ea", {encoding:"hex"});
"...
SHA3 is just a name and the underlying cryptographic algorithms are elected by an international commitee.
There is no reason why Ethereum should change such a fundamental thing like the basic hash function. This puts the network consensus in danger and would mean a huge effort in upgrading all software and broadcasting the information to all members of the ...
It seems like you treated "315f6b6f74000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" like a string instead of the hexadecimal byte sequence it actually is.
Via web3 0.2.x:
web3.sha3('315f6b6f74000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000')
> "0x90a0076f07f9884805bdc4d668c55756ff42238a0ad7b824b8a267783e822544"
web3.sha3('...
Like any hash, it has an infinite input space. This enables one to "make a hash" of a super large file. The hash should entirely change if a single bit of data in the source is different - unlike say a CRC32, or a checksum. It means your password could be a million chars long maybe. It's stored on disk as a hash, much smaller in size.
Regarding Keccak, it ...
Saw the following from a recent paper published on February 19 2016.
We have uncovered a worrying lack of defense-in-depth in Bitcoin. In
most cases, the failure of a single property in one cryptographic
primitive is as bad as multiple failures in several primitives at
once. For future versions of Bitcoin, we recommend including various
...
For browser-solidity, keccak256 is fixed in version 0.4.4 and later.
keccak256 is recommended to use, it's identical to sha3, and is less confusing because Ethereum does not use the final SHA-3 standard, but the original winning algorithm named Keccak. More contracts using keccak256 will prevent confusion such as
Why aren't Solidity sha3 hashes not ...
the keccak256() is an alias for the sha3 function to avoid any confusion with the sha-3 standard (The opcode is still called SHA3.) this alias was adopted this month so the old compiler don't recognize it.
so use sha3 instead.
The available hashing functions are sha3, sha256, ripemd160:
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract C {
function hashingsha3 (... |
Pelargoniumxc3x97peltatum (ivy geranium).
The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of geranium known by the varietal name xe2x80x98Pactomgimexxe2x80x99. The new variety was discovered following embryo rescue and grafting in a selective breeding program in Dresden, Germany. The new variety is the result of a combination breeding of unnamed, unpatented selections from breeding group Peltatum dark (group 7j embryo rescue). Plants of the new variety exhibit trailing like their heritage, but differ in having semi-double to double, two-colored flowers. The new variety was first asexually reproduced by cuttings in Dresden, Germany in 2000. The new variety has been trial and field tested and has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics and remain true to type through successive propagations. |
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A 50-stall metered parking lot still hasn’t been returned to the city a year after the Ritz-Carlton Residences, Waikiki Beach, opened its second tower. Read more
A 50-stall metered parking lot still hasn’t been returned to the city a year after the Ritz-Carlton Residences, Waikiki Beach, opened its second tower.
Nor has the developer, Irongate, opened all of the public green space that it promised as a condition of its building approvals.
The city signed an agreement in March 2015 to allow the developer to stage equipment on a city-owned public parking lot as long as the contractor restored it to a usable and safe condition before returning it. The lot, which was closed in April 2015, was supposed to reopen by March 31.
However, the developer still hasn’t met the city Department of Transportation Services’ requirements for reopening.
The extended closure means that DTS is potentially losing up to $1,800 a day in meter payments or roughly $352,800 since the missed deadline. The city intends to charge $1.50 an hour to park in the lot, which is open 24 hours, seven days a week.
The delays have exacerbated the already tight parking situation in Waikiki, the state’s most densely populated neighborhood and its most important business district. It’s also marring credibility for the city Department of Planning and Permitting and the Honolulu City Council, which required Ritz-Carlton’s developers to provide public open, green space as a community giveback for the height, density and other building exceptions made during permitting for the planned resort development.
One of their proposals, Lau‘ula Park, touted as a 22,000-square-foot green space with two stages for community performances on the promenade, still hasn’t opened for public use.
That’s despite the fact that the Ritz-Carlton Residences, Waikiki Beach, opened last October after Irongate completed the project’s Diamond Head Tower, which brought the project to 552 units, making it the largest Ritz-Carlton Residences in the world. The project’s ‘Ewa Tower opened in July 2016.
From the start, the project was controversial.
Some supporters viewed the development as an important catalyst to the gentrification of the Kuhio Avenue side of Waikiki and a neighborhood upgrade for nearby residents. But some in the community still haven’t come to terms with the project’s staggering size, including the 350-foot height and horizontal positioning of ‘Ewa Tower, which required unpopular exemptions to Waikiki guidelines that protect views and limit height and density.
Protests over the Diamond Head Tower’s original design resulted in it being turned to allow greater spacing between the buildings and to preserve more of the surrounding community’s ocean views. While the redesign was more palatable to opponents, nearby residents still are complaining about light pollution from the development’s stairwells. But that’s been overshadowed by the latest criticism over lack of access to the public parking lot and promised public space.
The Ritz-Carlton, Irongate and the city were not forthcoming with the Star-Advertiser on when the parking lot was expected to reopen. However, Huy Vo, a spokesman for the Ritz-Carlton, said Lau‘ula Park will open to the public on Nov. 16, at noon as part of ANA Honolulu Music Week.
“We are hosting a free concert in the park featuring Eden Kai,” Vo said. “This will be a great offering for the community and also the first day we open Lau‘ula Park to the public. The hours will be 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily and security will be provided by our hotel.”
DTS spokesman Travis Ota said the city allowed the Ritz-Carlton to use the parking lot to stage equipment because it would “avoid taking parking on the streets, causing traffic congestion.”
Ota said the department has been working with the developer’s contractor over the past several months to identify incomplete and insufficient items at the parking lot. While a number already were addressed by the contractor, Ota said DTS and the contractor continue working “to get the remaining items properly and safely handled, before turning it back over to the city for public usage.”
“These outstanding items include critical safety issues such as the installation of a stop sign and other signage, covering exposed electrical wiring and proper restoration of electrical connections, and relocation of the bike rack to meet ADA requirements,” he said, referring to the Americans with Disabilities Act. “Upon turnover and acceptance, the city will remedy any incomplete punch list issues.”
But the city, the Ritz- Carlton and its developers aren’t moving fast enough for all concerned, especially Waikiki Neighborhood Board members, most of whom voted against allowing the Ritz-Carlton’s second tower because they felt that the developer had not adequately considered community input.
Mark Harpenau, who lives in a condominium across from the Ritz-Carlton, said it’s important to hold the property and its developer to their promises since the project’s building permits likely wouldn’t have been approved otherwise.
To add insult to injury, Harpenau said, the city turned most of the neighborhood’s free street-parking into metered parking when it gave the Ritz-Carlton permission to take the public lot for staging.
“The city probably needed to make up for lost revenue from the lot’s closure. People are driving around the streets looking for parking spaces all the time now. Reopening the public parking lot would cut down a lot of the circling cars and traffic,” Harpenau said. “This needs to be a priority.”
Waikiki Neighborhood Board Chairman Bob Finley said he plans to address the developer’s lack of compliance at an upcoming board meeting.
“I’ve been deeply disturbed by the whole process,” Finley said. “It seems like this is just another reflection of the attitude that they showed to the community during the development process. It didn’t matter what the community wanted. They didn’t listen. It was if they were always saying, ‘To heck with you, we’ll do it our way.’”
Waikiki Neighborhood Board Vice Chairman Louis Erteschik said the city should make the developer keep its promises.
“As dismayed as I am by the generally recalcitrant behavior of the Ritz-Carlton, it’s pretty lame for the city not to pursue these things more vigorously,” Erteschik said. “If they are supposed to do it as a condition of a permit or an agreement, the city ought to have the fortitude to enforce any breaches of those agreements.”
Erteschik said failure to return the public parking spaces puts a strain on nearby residents and businesses and their patrons. It also poses a safety issue for those residents and customers who have to walk long distances, especially at night, to get to their destination, he said.
Waikiki Neighborhood Board member Jeff Merz said the delays suggest that the Ritz-Carlton and its developers made empty promises.
“It seems almost as if they don’t want people to establish a habit of going through their property to use the public parking lot and public space. They probably figure, ‘Let’s just drag our feet and the city won’t know what’s going on,’” Merz said. “It’s even more disturbing when you frame it in context of their failure to return prime real estate to the city resulting in lost revenue for our taxpayers. Absolutely, they need to come into compliance.” |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an automatic broadcast wave tuning device and, more particularly, to an automatic broadcast wave tuning device for a radio data system (hereinafter referred to as RDS) receiver to receive RDS data wherein the radio receiver is controlled to tune in a broadcast wave bearing RDS data transmitted by a broadcasting station.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As a well known radio service, a radio data system (RDS) is common in Europe for providing broadcast wave listeners with a radio service. In such RDS, informative data relating to broadcast programs are transmitted simultaneously with the broadcast programs in a multiplex modulation from broadcasting stations and, upon receiving the broadcast waves, a desired broadcast program is selected by a broadcast wave listener based on demodulated data.
The RDS is a data system standardized in the Europe Broadcasting Union (EBU), wherein the data relating to the broadcast such as broadcast programs and the like are coded into a two phase Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) signal having a bit rate of 1187.5 bps, and these coded data are transmitted by frequency-modulating a sub-carrier in such that modulating a 57 KHz sub-carrier in accordance with a double-sideband carrier suppression amplitude modulation.
In the RDS, the whole data are transmitted as a unit which is called a group consisting of 104 bits. One group in turn consists of four blocks, each of which consists of 26 bits. The data contained in each group are prescribed depending on their locations, whereby 16 bits of the first block always designate a program identification code (PI code), while in the second block, the first 5 bits designate a group-type code, the next one bit designates a traffic-program identification code (TP code), and the next succeeding 5 bits designate a program type code (PTY code).
Further, the contents of the remaining are a traffic announcement identification code (TA code), program service name data (PS data) such as broadcasting station names, broadcasting network names and the like, and a list of alternative frequencies data (AF data) for identifying broadcasting network stations which broadcast the same program.
In a motor vehicle-mounted RDS receiver, a poor reception is quite often encountered while listening to a broadcast during a motor vehicle travel. However, in the RDS broadcast, since the AF data of the broadcasting stations within the same broadcasting network, which stations are broadcasting the same broadcast program on different frequencies, are available as described above, it is possible to tune in another broadcasting station within the same broadcasting network having a greater signal level, or a stronger electric field strength, than that of the broadcasting station presently tuned in based on the AF data stored in a memory for chasing the same broadcast program.
However, there has been a problem for causing faulty operation of the RDS receiver depending on a course of the motor vehicle such that the RDS receiver might come across a broadcasting station, out of but neighboring to the broadcasting network, having the AF data allocated to the same frequency as that of the broadcasting station within the broadcasting network, or the RDS receiver might tune in a wrong program as there are so-called non RDS broadcasting stations which are not capable of transmitting RDS data. This kind of faulty operation often happens when the motor vehicle is driven through many countries in Europe along the boundaries.
Further, wrong AF data may have been stored in a memory due to an unknown reason in a duration of demodulating the received RDS data and this results in a problem for causing improper selection in the automatic tuning operation. A prior-art-type automatic tuning device is disclosed, for example, in the patent application laid-open No. 2-105731.
It is therefore an object of this invention to eliminate the problems encountered by prior-art-type RDS receivers and to provide an automatic broadcast wave tuning device which is capable of preventing a RDS receiver from faulty operation. |
Boy, 14, shot dead as violence puts Richmond on edge
Richmond police investigate a shooting Monday morning that left a 14-year-old boy dead near Lovonya DeJean Middle School. Richmond police investigate a shooting Monday morning that left a 14-year-old boy dead near Lovonya DeJean Middle School. Photo: Evan Sernoffsky / The Chronicle Photo: Evan Sernoffsky / The Chronicle Image 1 of / 3 Caption Close Boy, 14, shot dead as violence puts Richmond on edge 1 / 3 Back to Gallery
A 14-year-old boy was gunned down on a Richmond bike path Monday, an act that shocked residents in the East Bay neighborhood already reeling from a recent spike in violence around the city.
The killing comes just two days after a 39-year-old man was shot to death while driving along Interstate 80 near Richmond Parkway — the third and fourth slayings in Richmond just two months into the year, police said.
“I don’t come out at night anymore,” said 73-year-old Eddie Moore, who lives just a few blocks from the scene of Monday’s crime. He worked as a mail carrier for the U.S. Postal Service in the south Richmond neighborhood for 30 years before retiring nearly a decade ago.
“This used to be the quietest neighborhood 20 years ago,” he said. “Now it sounds like there’s always gunfire right outside my window.”
Richmond has seen a steady decrease in crime over the past decade and hit an unprecedented dip in 2014, when the city had 11 killings. The following year, though, slayings nearly doubled to 21 — a number that troubles law enforcement and community members.
Monday’s victim, identified by friends and family members at the scene as Xavier McClanahan, had been walking along the Richmond Greenway Trail near Lovonya DeJean Middle School when his killer unleashed a barrage of gunfire around 9:25 a.m., police said.
Xavier was shot multiple times and died at the scene, said Richmond police Capt. Mark Gagan.
A neighbor who lives less than a block from the site of the killing — and asked not to be identified out of concern for his safety — said he heard five shots, looked outside and saw the gunman trying to scale a neighbor’s fence at South 33rd Street and Ohio Avenue near the BART tracks.
That neighbor let her dogs out, so the gunman scrambled into a car and drove off, the man said.
“I hear shots all the time,” he said. “Once my rental agreement is over, I’m out of here. My kids can’t even play outside.”
Mourning the victim
As investigators processed the crime scene throughout the morning, Xavier’s friends and family members began to arrive and grieve.
“I’m scared. I just don’t want to see my friend dead,” said Daniel Millan. When he learned his friend had died, Millan screamed in grief and anger.
“He was an awesome young man,” said the victim’s aunt, who would not reveal her name and was at times doubled over as tears streamed down her face. “He’s young and this is sad.”
No suspects were identified or arrested in the shooting. Police and members of the city’s Ceasefire program were working to reach out to schools, youth centers and the faith community in hopes of curtailing any further violence.
“This kind of violence can start a lot of retaliation,” Gagan said.
The shooting came after Leslie Graham Jr. was shot to death Saturday morning while he was driving in a Jeep sport utility vehicle on Interstate 80 near Richmond Parkway.
Freeway bloodshed
Graham’s killer drove alongside the SUV and opened fire, sending the Jeep careening across the freeway and crashing down a steep embankment. Graham was ejected and pronounced dead at the scene.
That episode was the seventh shooting along the stretch of I-80 near Richmond in the past four months. The California Highway Patrol is investigating the attack with help from neighboring agencies, including Richmond police, and said all the shootings were targeted attacks.
“The chances that the public can be affected by this are infinitesimally small,” said Officer Daniel Hill, a CHP spokesman. “Seventy million people drive through that corridor every year.”
Even so, residents in Richmond are alarmed.
“The freeway shootings have a lot of people on edge,” Moore said. “I go up San Pablo now.”
Other residents, like Mike Latour, 46, worried about the safety of their children.
“I heard the shots, five or six of them. Then I heard the sirens,” said Latour, who lives about two blocks from the scene of Monday morning’s shooting.
Latour said his 15-year-old son used to go to DeJean Middle School.
“Richmond is a crazy place to grow up. We made it through,” said Latour, who was raised in Richmond. “Now I gotta worry about my son.”
Richard Starks, 54, rode by the crime scene on his bicycle, and called the increase in violence “sickening.”
“It’s everywhere,” Starks said. “I’ve got six kids. They’re grown, but now I’ve got grandkids I have to worry about.”
Evan Sernoffsky is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @EvanSernoffsky |
Today, a workgroup established by Chief Justice Tani G. Cantil-Sakauye to study current bail and pretrial detention practices and provide recommendations for potential reforms released their report, identifying recommendations to overhaul California’s pretrial system.
The following is a statement from Ella Baker Center for Human Rights Executive Director Zachary Norris, in response to the findings and recommendations of the workgroup:
“The findings outlined in the workgroup’s report offer further support that the current money bail system is both unjust and unsafe for our communities.
The money bail system punishes people for being poor and disproportionately impacts people of color, who are most often targeted for arrest and incarceration. The result is that whole families suffer, as they take on long-term debt to purchase the safety and freedom of loved ones.
To overhaul this unjust system, we believe we must stop locking people up who can’t afford to buy their freedom, and instead prioritize services to help people make their court appearances while their cases move forward." |
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Stranger who quizzed daughter made her mother shiver
A MOTHER said she felt “shivers down her spine” after a stranger approached her daughter and asked her questions.
Vanessa Hopkins was walking in Glenmore Road, Carterton, on Tuesday when the man got out of a dark grey car and offered her a bicycle which he said had belonged to his own daughter, with whom he had lost contact.
She said: “He looked at my daughter in such a way it sent shivers down my spine. Instantly he began to ask how old she was and other questions, not taking his eyes off her.
“When I refused to tell him any information about my daughter he persistently asked why I wouldn’t tell him and seemed quite snappy.”
She reported the incident to police, but after officers had looked into the matter, they said no crime had been committed.
Related links
Comments (5)
Whether a crime has been committed or not, the fact remains that this man has frightened this poor woman and her daughter. It's not something that can be simply brushed off. He may do it again, either to the same people or others.
This man should be traced. It may be that he is suffering as a result of loss of contact with his daughter. We don't know the background, so should not automatically assume he has done wrong which has led to him not seeing his daughter. If he has, it could be that he is a risk.
I just feel that this incident should not be disregarded.
Whether a crime has been committed or not, the fact remains that this man has frightened this poor woman and her daughter. It's not something that can be simply brushed off. He may do it again, either to the same people or others.
This man should be traced. It may be that he is suffering as a result of loss of contact with his daughter. We don't know the background, so should not automatically assume he has done wrong which has led to him not seeing his daughter. If he has, it could be that he is a risk.
I just feel that this incident should not be disregarded.Jojo2311
The only sensible course of action is not to talk to anyone under 16 - completely blank them. Anyone under 21 give mono-syllabic answers to before walking off. It isn't the way to foster understanding between generations but there you go.
The only sensible course of action is not to talk to anyone under 16 - completely blank them. Anyone under 21 give mono-syllabic answers to before walking off. It isn't the way to foster understanding between generations but there you go.King Joke
if it made the woman feel vunerable and uncomfortable - as it would at such a random approach it needs to be looked into and the guy to be spoken to about his approach. Its not about showing kindness - there are ways to do this without scaring the parents
if it made the woman feel vunerable and uncomfortable - as it would at such a random approach it needs to be looked into and the guy to be spoken to about his approach. Its not about showing kindness - there are ways to do this without scaring the parentsOldWitneyBoy
Yes, true, you shouldn't be making people uncomfortable. The guy might be a pathological kiddy-fiddler or just a harmless simpleton; there's no way of knowing. I hope this article will make him change his approach if the latter.
Yes, true, you shouldn't be making people uncomfortable. The guy might be a pathological kiddy-fiddler or just a harmless simpleton; there's no way of knowing. I hope this article will make him change his approach if the latter.King Joke |
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Sodium.Frp
{
internal static class OperationalInternal
{
internal static Stream<T> UpdatesImpl<T>(Behavior<T> b) => TransactionInternal.Apply(
(trans, _) => b.Updates().Coalesce(trans, (left, right) => right),
false);
internal static Stream<T> ValueImpl<T>(Behavior<T> b) => TransactionInternal.Apply((trans, _) => b.Value(trans), false);
internal static Stream<T> DeferImpl<T>(Stream<T> s) => SplitImpl<T, T[]>(s.MapImpl(a => new[] { a }));
internal static Stream<T> SplitImpl<T, TCollection>(Stream<TCollection> s)
where TCollection : IEnumerable<T>
{
Stream<T> @out = new Stream<T>(s.KeepListenersAlive);
IListener l1 = s.Listen(
new Node<T>(),
(trans, aa) =>
{
int childIx = 0;
foreach (T a in aa)
{
trans.Split(childIx, trans1 => @out.Send(trans1, a));
childIx++;
}
});
return @out.UnsafeAttachListener(l1);
}
}
} |
Q:
What does the html 'typeof' attribute do?
I recently came across a question on SO in which typeof="foaf:person" was used as an attribute for an element. I Googled for it but this was the only relevant result. This fiddle too uses the typeof attribute. Would some one please explain me how and why this attribute is used?
A:
It's not a HTML attribute, it's RDF, an unrelated markup language, that happens to be usable as part of HTML or XHTML. It's used to specify more metadata to your data. One of the namespaces of RDF is FOAF (that's your foaf:person), described here - http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/.
It's part of the "semantic web movement", which basically tries to include semantic information about the web data (the same way HTML5 added eg. the article tag). So by tagging eg. a span with your attribute, you're saying that the content of that span should be interpreted as a person, and by adding more attributes, you can tell that something is that person's name, or homepage etc. This allows for easy understanding of data, especially for machines, and removes some of the ambiguity.
A:
The wiki has an answer to it:
typeof – optional attribute that specifies the RDF type(s) of the subject or the partner resource (the resource that the metadata is
about).
A:
In practical use, the typeof attribute is used in modern Content Management Systems to label content in a way decoupled from the implementation of the CMS backend. Loosely, "typeof" informs you of the type of a contenteditable object, "about" gives a unique identifier for that object, and "property" targets a specific feature of the object; in CMSs this can indicate a triple of (table / row / column), and can be mapped to (page / parent DOM object / specific child object).
As a concrete example, a page full of the recently popular "cards" UI would have a specific URI for the table where the cards came from, which also serves as an identifier that "these are card, load the card editing scripts"; each card would have its own "about" URI; each field that's editable has its own "property" to tell the editing script what kind of tools should be used to edit it (is it an image? rich text? etc.) as well as the target column (title, header, image, body, etc.).
This gives UIs and backends a common vocabulary for targeting RESTful objects. By giving type information to objects, editing tools are enabled without having to know more than that about the objects being edited; By giving "about" URIs, the REST endpoint managers at both ends can do CRUD on the objects without having to be tightly coupled to the editor.
There are many, many other ways that this information can be used, but this is one prevalent use of the "RDFa-light" attributes that has seen real-world application.
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to speakers to produce sound in a response to an audio signal, and, in particular, relates to such speakers for the production of an ambience or "surround sound" signal.
2. Background Art
Ideally, sound reproduced through a sound reproduction system, such as that of a stereo high fidelity system, a television, or the like, would sound like the original source. In part, this means that the reproduced sound should have a spatial dimension or quality in that a listener should perceive the sound as being distributed in space as it would be if listening to the original performance. Unfortunately, a problem with conventional sound reproduction systems is the tendency of the sound to be localized by the listener at the loudspeakers, or imaged at a point relative to the loudspeakers.
When a listener hears an original performance, the listener receives some acoustical signals which permit the listener to localize the source of the sound, for example, a particular singer or instrument, and other signals which provide a sense of a spatial dimension, which will be referred to from time-to-time hereinafter as "ambience". The first category of signal is comprised of those which travel along a substantially straight path from the source to the listener; the second set of signals, which are not readily localizable, are those which are reflected off of the walls, ceiling, floor, fixtures, and the like of the listening area. It is these latter singals which provide the sense of ambience or spatiality, and this quality is imparted both by their arrival at the listener from a variety of directions, and by the fact that their arrival is delayed relative to those signals which travel directly from the source to the listener; this delay is the result of the longer paths which the reflected signals must travel. The ambience signals may consequently be delayed on the order of 10 or more milliseconds as compared to the direct path signals.
A number of approaches have been proposed for reproducing the ambience signals with a sound reproduction system. Some of these have employed electronic delay circuitry to delay the signal from the left and right channels of the amplifier of a conventional stereo system, the delayed output then being supplied to dedicated right and left speakers which project the delayed signal along direct paths to the listener. While this approach has achieved some success in producing a "surround sound" effect, it possesses a number of inherent disadvantages: not only is the delay circuitry (which typically requires housing in a separate component) both relatively expensive and noisy, but the approach also ordinarily employs two dedicated "surround sound" speakers, in addition to the conventional, non-delayed speakers of the stereo system.
Another approach is disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 4,596,034, which shows a system in which each channel of a stereo system is reproduced in full by first and second transducers with the output of the first transducer being 180 degrees out of phase with repect to the output of the second transducer. The transducers are positioned such that their acoustic outputs, that is, their sound pressure lobes, are directed to either side of the listener, and a pressure minimum, or null zone, formed between the two lobes is directed towards the listener, eliminating all direct path sound so as to provide a sound field which prevents the listener from localizing the speakers. While this arrangement may help produce an enhanced sense of sound distribution and a decreased awareness that the sound is coming from speakers, this system also possesses several inherent disadvantages. The most significant of these lies in the very fact the the system is intended to prevent the listener from localizing sound for the whole of both channels of the stereo system; in other words, this arrangement renders it difficult or impossible for the listener to localize any of the acoustical signals which are reproduced by the system, regardless of whether those signals were originally recorded as direct path signals or indirect path signals. This is undesirable in that it consequently makes it impossible for the listener to localize those sources (e.g., a singer or particular instrument) where a degree of localization is desirable. The practical result is that the reproduced sound is preceived as being formless or "mushy".
Accordingly, there exists the need for a sound reproduction system which reproduces a non-localizable ambience signal, yet which also reproduces localizable direct-path acoustic signals for those sounds for which such localizability is desirable. Furthermore, there is a need for such a system which does not require noisy and expensive signal delay circuitry, and for such a system which does not require two dedicated speakers to reproduce the ambience acoustical signal. |
MS-13 Wants to Send 'Younger, More Violent Offenders' to the US, Officials Say
Frustrated MS-13 gang leaders feeling the pressure from the Trump administration’s crackdown are looking to send “younger, more violent offenders” to the United States to take over the role of being enforcers, officials say.
The revelations were made Thursday during a House Committee on Homeland Security meeting on fighting international criminal organizations, where officials discussed the arrests and imprisonment of MS-13 members and leadership over the last year.
"They're very much interested in sending younger, more violent offenders up through their channels into this country in order to be enforcers for the gang," said Stephen Richardson, assistant director of the FBI's criminal investigative division, according to VOA News.
Peter King, R-N.Y., the committee’s chairman, said his staff recently visited El Salvador and was told by law enforcement there that the gang -- which mostly operates out of prisons in the Central American country -- is "frustrated that MS-13 members in [the U.S.] are not violent enough.”
"It's a horrifying thought," King was quoted as saying by VOA News.
Justice Department figures say the gang has 40,000 members worldwide, with around 10,000 in the U.S. carrying out crimes ranging from extortion to gun trafficking.
"We're looking at the information we're getting and doubling down our efforts against MS-13," Raymond Villaneuva, an assistant director for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, told lawmakers in response to King’s comments.
The gang, also responsible for dozens of gruesome deaths throughout the U.S., was designated a “priority” last year by the Justice Department’s Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force. Prosecutors are able to pursue any legal avenue to target MS-13, according to Attorney Gen. Jeff Sessions.
U.S. officials and three Central American countries announced in September that more than 3,800 members of MS-13 and the 18th Street gangs have been charged since March.
Sessions also said in December the Justice Department convicted more than 1,000 gang members in the U.S. in 2017, VOA News reported.
MS-13 is believed to be behind 25 killings on New York’s Long Island alone in the past two years.
Trump in July 2017 visited Brentwood, N.Y., a town that has experienced the gang's wrath, and pledged to push Congress for additional federal immigration agents to crack down on gang members who are in the country illegally. He also called MS-13 members “animals.”
Many MS-13 recruits are middle- and high-school students, predominantly in immigrant communities, who are said to risk violent retribution if they leave. |
The Rev. Jeremiah Wright was a sideshow, a distraction, a sham and a shame. So sayeth many of the brightest stars in punditry. How sad that we wasted so much time on what Sebastian Mallaby of the Washington Post called an “absurd digression.” Barack Obama himself frets that we are “caught up in the distractions and the silliness and the tit-for-tat that consumes our politics,” which “trivializes the profound issues.” Yes, by all means, the profound issues are what the campaigners should grapple with. Grapple away on matters of substance and policy. Bread-and-butter concerns. Kitchen-table topics and pocketbook issues.
And what are those? Well, according to Obama and Clinton alike, gas prices top the list.
On ABC’s “This Week,” George Stephanopoulos opened an interview with Clinton by asking how she can defend her proposal to suspend the federal gas tax for the summer when everyone knows it won’t lower gas prices. “Nearly every editorial board and economist in the country has come out against it,” Stephanopoulos noted. “Even a supporter of yours, Paul Krugman of the New York Times, calls it pointless and disappointing.”
Her response in a nutshell: Jimmy crack corn and I don’t care.
Clinton says she doesn’t mind if economists agree that her proposal would do nothing to alleviate high gas prices. Indeed, when Stephanopoulos pressed her to name one — just one! — credible economist who thinks this idea has merit, she responded: “Well, I’ll tell you what, I’m not going to put my lot in with economists.” Instead, she explained, she’s going to break with the “government power and elite opinion” and side with the little guy.
Unlike the proposal by John McCain, who also stupidly supports a gas-tax “holiday,” the Clinton plan has the added benefit of punishing those evil oil companies by making them pay the tax, even though those pointy-headed economists say it will actually reward them. Big Oil would simply pass that cost back to consumers, and the “holiday” would artificially hike demand for gas so that pump prices would jump right back up. But never mind all that.
Oh, let’s also point out that, as a matter of political reality, Clinton might as well be calling for a ban on the use of unicorn meat in dog food, because there is no way her proposal can actually, you know, happen.
Now, in fairness, we should point out that Obama opposes the Clinton-McCain proposal for many of the reasons stated above, and that speaks well of him.
But there’s a larger point here. Clinton’s new populist demagoguery is entirely symbolic. The “substance” is stage dressing, no more real than the scenery in a play. She’s trying to tell blue-collar workers that she’s on their side. The language may be economic, but the message is about values. It’s I-feel-your-pain treacle gussied up as tax policy, devoid of anything approaching intellectual seriousness. Who cares if even liberal economists like Krugman concede the stupidity of her idea; she’s taking the side of the Bubbas against all the fancy pants.
The same goes for the Daedalian debate between Obama and Clinton over health care that consumed many of the early Democratic primaries. In a riot of intellectual vanity, vast amounts of time were wasted on parsing the fine print of their respective policy proposals, with earnest journalists wading hip-deep into the actuarial tables, as if either plan would actually survive its first encounter with Congress intact. Who cares? We’re talkin’ substance here!
Presidential elections are not referendums on policy papers. Rather, policy papers are themselves mere hints, sometimes very poor hints, of where a candidate’s priorities lie. This is not to say that candidates should not offer details, but let’s do away with the charade that the dots on the “i” and the crosses on the “t” are the stuff of Serious Politics, while discussions about a candidate’s “non-economic” values are somehow irrelevant. It’s all the same conversation.
Whatever the true import of Obama’s relationship with Wright may be, or whatever the proper weight voters should give to his view that poor whites “cling” to guns, religion and bigotry because they’ve suffered under bad economic policies, or, for that matter, whatever Clinton’s “sniper fire” story says about her, it strikes me as absurd to argue that these data are meaningless but their stance on a gas-tax holiday is of enduring importance.
We pick presidents for their judgment and values. Anything that gives us a clue as to what those might be is not only fair game, it is the game. |
The prevalence and genotype diversity of Human Rotavirus A circulating in Thailand, 2011-2014.
Human rotavirus A (RVA) is the major infectious virus causing acute watery diarrhea in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age, and is a major public health problem in Thailand. Outbreaks of this virus have been reported worldwide. Besides the common genotypes, unusual genotypes providing evidence of inter-species transmission have also been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of RVA in Thailand. A total of 688 samples were collected from children who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Chumphae Hospital in Khon Kaen and Chulalongkorn Hospital in Bangkok. RVA was detected using one-step RT-PCR and the genotypes were evaluated by sequencing. Overall, 204 of the 688 samples (30%) were positive for RVA. Nine genotypes were identified: three common in humans (G1P[8] [53%], G2P[4] [18%], G3P[8] [12%]), one feline-like (G3P[9] [1%]), four porcine-like (G4P[6] [0.5%], G5P[6] [0.5%], G9P[8] [0.5%], G12P[6] [1.5%]), and one bovine-like (G8P[8] [13%]). The variation in virus genotypes and the animal-like genotypes detected in this study suggested that a high diversity of RVA types is circulating in the Thai population. Therefore, continuous molecular epidemiological monitoring of RVA is essential and has implications for the national vaccination program. |
<registry_state xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5#windows" comment="State matches that the edition of SQL Server 2012 is Enterprise" id="oval:org.mitre.oval:ste:23877" version="1">
<value>Enterprise Edition</value>
</registry_state>
|
package context
import (
"io"
"mime/multipart"
"os"
"path"
)
type File struct {
FileHeader *multipart.FileHeader
}
func (f *File) Move(directory string, name ...string) (bool, error) {
src, err := f.FileHeader.Open()
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
defer src.Close()
fname := f.FileHeader.Filename
if len(name) > 0 {
fname = name[0]
}
dst := path.Join(directory, fname)
out, err := os.Create(dst)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
defer out.Close()
io.Copy(out, src)
return true, nil
}
|
New York, NY--April 15, 2015--A research team led by Shree K. Nayar, T.C. Chang Professor of Computer Science at Columbia Engineering, has invented a prototype video camera that is the first to be fully self-powered--it can produce an image each second, indefinitely, of a well-lit indoor scene. They designed a pixel that can not only measure incident light but also convert the incident light into electric power. The team is presenting its work at the International Conference on Computational Photography at Rice University in Houston, April 24 to 26.
"We are in the middle of a digital imaging revolution," says Nayar, who directs the Computer Vision Laboratory at Columbia Engineering. He notes that in the last year alone, approximately two billion cameras of various types were sold worldwide. "I think we have just seen the tip of the iceberg. Digital imaging is expected to enable many emerging fields including wearable devices, sensor networks, smart environments, personalized medicine, and the Internet of Things. A camera that can function as an untethered device forever--without any external power supply--would be incredibly useful."
A leading researcher in computational imaging, Nayar realized that although digital cameras and solar panels have different purposes - one measures light while the other converts light to power - both are constructed from essentially the same components. At the heart of any digital camera is an image sensor, a chip with millions of pixels. The key enabling device in a pixel is the photodiode, which produces an electric current when exposed to light. This mechanism enables each pixel to measure the intensity of light falling on it. The same photodiode is also used in solar panels to convert incident light to electric power. The photodiode in a camera pixel is used in the photoconductive mode, while in a solar cell it is used in the photovoltaic model.
Nayar, working with research engineer Daniel Sims BS'14 and consultant Mikhail Fridberg of ADSP Consulting, used off-the-shelf components to fabricate an image sensor with 30x40 pixels. In his prototype camera, which is housed in a 3D printed body, each pixel's photodiode is always operated in the photovoltaic mode.
The pixel design is very simple, and uses just two transistors. During each image capture cycle, the pixels are used first to record and read out the image and then to harvest energy and charge the sensor's power supply--the image sensor continuously toggles between image capture and power harvesting modes. When the camera is not used to capture images, it can be used to generate power for other devices, such as a phone or a watch.
Nayar notes that the image sensor could use a rechargeable battery and charge it via its harvesting capability: "But we took an extreme approach to demonstrate that the sensor is indeed truly self-powered and used just a capacitor to store the harvested energy."
"A few different designs for image sensors that can harvest energy have been proposed in the past. However, our prototype is the first demonstration of a fully self-powered video camera," he continues. "And, even though we've used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate our design, our sensor architecture easily lends itself to a compact solid-state imaging chip. We believe our results are a significant step forward in developing an entirely new generation of cameras that can function for a very long duration--ideally, forever--without being externally powered."
###
The research was funded by Office of Naval Research. |
Battle of the Nile (47 BC)
The Battle of the Nile in 47 BC saw the combined Roman–Egyptian armies of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII defeat those of the rival Queen Arsinoe IV and King Ptolemy XIII and secure the throne of Egypt.
Prelude
After pursuing his rival Pompey to Egypt, Caesar, recently victorious in a civil war closer to home, became entwined in the Alexandrine civil war after his rival, Pompey Magnus, was killed by King Ptolemy XIII in an attempt to please Caesar.
From September 48 BC until January 47 BC, Caesar was besieged in Alexandria, Egypt with about 4,000 men. He was attempting to resolve the Egyptian Civil War between Ptolemy XIII and his sister Cleopatra. When Caesar began to appear to favor Cleopatra over him, Ptolemy was first captured, but then released by Caesar, and gathered his army to besiege the Romans in a small area of Alexandria.
By January, the Egyptians had begun to get the upper hand in their efforts to cut the Romans off from reinforcements and resupply. Caesar had requested reinforcements from his ally, Mithridates of Pergamum, who marched overland from Asia Minor to assist him. Arriving in the Nile delta in January, Mithridates defeated an Egyptian force sent to stop him. Caesar, getting a message that his allies were close, left a small garrison in Alexandria and hurried to meet them. The combined force, about 20,000 strong, met the Egyptians in February 47 BC at the Battle of the Nile. The Egyptian army, equipped in the Greek manner, was probably about the same size.
Battle
Caesar, knowing of the strong Egyptian position, opened the battle by having Roman-led legions destroy a Ptolemaic fort to try to lure the Egyptians off the hill. However, when the Egyptians stayed in their positions, the Roman army then engaged the Egyptian forces at the hill, resulting in fierce fighting between the two forces. Several Roman cohorts then tried to flank the Egyptians, only to suffer heavy casualties after the Egyptians pinned down the flanking force and fired at them with missile fire from the Egyptians ships. Eventually, a gap was exposed in the main Egyptian line which a Roman contingent managed to exploit and attack the Egyptians from the rear, causing the Egyptian army to panic and flee from the battlefield. Among the retreat included Ptolemy, who reputedly drowned when his ship capsized. Egypt was now in the hands of Caesar, who then lifted the Siege of Alexandria and placed Cleopatra on the throne with another of her brothers, Ptolemy XIV. He then uncharacteristically lingered in Egypt until April, enjoying a liaison with the youthful queen.
References
Sources
Brice, Lee L. (2014). Warfare in the Roman Republic: From the Etruscan Wars to the Battle of Actium. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. .
Cary, M. & H. H. Scullard (1980) [1976]. A History of Rome. London: MacMillan. .
Fischer-Bovet, Christelle (2014). Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. Cambridge University Press. .
Grainger, John D. (2013). Egypt and Judaea. Pen and Sword. .
Smith, William (1867). "Achillas". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Tomo I. Boston: Brown.
Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich (1962). Social and Cultural Dynamics: FLuctuation of social relationships, war, and revolution. New York: Bedminster Press.
Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. .
Yalichev, Serge (1997). Mercenaries of the ancient world. Hippocrene Books. .
Nile 47 BC
Category:40s BC conflicts
Category:1st century BC in Egypt
Nile 47 BC
Category:Cleopatra
Category:Battles of Julius Caesar |
The president of the anglophone separatist movement in Cameroon, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, was extradited to Yaounde on Monday after being detained in Nigeria, the government said.
Ayuk Tabe, who had been held in Abuja since January 5, was sent to Cameroon with 46 of his supporters, Cameroonian government spokesman Issa Tchiroma Bakary said in a statement.
"A group of 47 terrorists, which includes Mr Ayuk Tabe, has been in the hands of the Cameroonian justice system for a few hours," Tchiroma said.
"They will answer for their crimes" before the Cameroonian courts, he added, underlining the "determination" of Nigeria and Cameroon "never to tolerate that their territories serve as a base for destabilising activities directed against one or the other".
Prior to their extradition, Ayuk Tabe and nine others had been "held in secret" at a hotel in Abuja, according to their lawyer and Amnesty International.
It was not possible on Monday to establish when the other separatists extradited from Nigeria to Cameroon were arrested.
In mid-January, Amnesty International expressed concern about the separatists detained in Nigeria, saying they "could be threatened with torture and (given) an unfair trial" if they are extradited from Nigeria.
Over the past year, there has been mounting tension in Cameroon's Southwest and Northwest regions -- home to anglophones who account for about a fifth of the West African nation's population of 23 million.
English-speakers complain they have suffered decades of economic inequality and social injustice at the hands of the French-speaking majority.
Ayuk Tabe is campaigning for the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon to separate from the French-speaking part of the country.
On October 1 last year, the breakaway anglophone movement issued a symbolic declaration of independence for "Ambazonia", claiming autonomy over English-speaking regions.
Cameroon's President Paul Biya fiercely opposes secession and has met the agitation with a crackdown, including curfews, raids and restrictions on travel.
The country is preparing for general elections -- including the presidential vote -- at the end of 2018.
But observers say the ballot could be disrupted by the deep socio-political crisis in the English-speaking regions. |
alias.*::
Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
after defining `alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD`, the invocation
`git last` is equivalent to `git cat-file commit HEAD`. To avoid
confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
+
Note that the first word of an alias does not necessarily have to be a
command. It can be a command-line option that will be passed into the
invocation of `git`. In particular, this is useful when used with `-c`
to pass in one-time configurations or `-p` to force pagination. For example,
`loud-rebase = -c commit.verbose=true rebase` can be defined such that
running `git loud-rebase` would be equivalent to
`git -c commit.verbose=true rebase`. Also, `ps = -p status` would be a
helpful alias since `git ps` would paginate the output of `git status`
where the original command does not.
+
If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
it will be treated as a shell command. For example, defining
`alias.new = !gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD`, the invocation
`git new` is equivalent to running the shell command
`gitk --all --not ORIG_HEAD`. Note that shell commands will be
executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
not necessarily be the current directory.
`GIT_PREFIX` is set as returned by running `git rev-parse --show-prefix`
from the original current directory. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
|
Q:
Native Code: cannot use typeid with -fno-rtti
I'm trying to build native code on android because I want to use VTK for my android tablet. However, I am facing some issues when it comes to building one of the vtk examples.
I know this problem has been covered here for an objective c issue but I guess it is different for me.
I get, from ndk-build:
Android NDK: WARNING: APP_PLATFORM android-14 is larger than android:minSdkVersion 8 in /Users/lonnibesancon/Documents/workspace/TestNativecopy/AndroidManifest.xml
[armeabi-v7a] Compile++ thumb: ndk1 <= native.cxx
In file included from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkTypedDataArray.h:34:0,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkDataArrayTemplate.h:25,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkIntArray.h:35,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkCellTypes.h:39,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkPolyData.h:60,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkPolyDataAlgorithm.h:33,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkConeSource.h:31,
from /Users/lonnibesancon/Documents/workspace/TestNativecopy/jni/native.cxx:25:
/Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkTypeTemplate.h: In static member function 'static const char* vtkTypeTemplate<ThisT, BaseT>::GetClassNameInternalCachedName()':
/Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkTypeTemplate.h:94:45: error: cannot use typeid with -fno-rtti
static std::string thisType(typeid(ThisT).name());
^
make: *** [/Users/lonnibesancon/Documents/workspace/TestNativecopy/obj/local/armeabi-v7a/objs/ndk1/native.o] Error 1
Now I'm using MacOS Yosemite, ndk10e, vtk 6.3.
Here is my Application.mk:
# Build both ARMv5TE and ARMv7-A machine code.
APP_ABI := armeabi-v7a
APP_STL := gnustl_static
# Set target Android API level to the application's minimum SDK version.
APP_PLATFORM := android-14
Here is my android.mk:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
# VTK Libs
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkalglib-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkalglib-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonColor-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonColor-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonComputationalGeometry-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonComputationalGeometry-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonMath-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonMath-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonMisc-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonMisc-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonSystem-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonSystem-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkCommonTransforms-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkCommonTransforms-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkDICOMParser-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkDICOMParser-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkexpat-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkexpat-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersExtraction-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersExtraction-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersGeneral-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersGeneral-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersGeometry-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersGeometry-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersModeling-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersModeling-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersSources-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersSources-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkFiltersStatistics-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkFiltersStatistics-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkglew-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkglew-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkImagingCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkImagingCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkImagingFourier-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkImagingFourier-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkImagingHybrid-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkImagingHybrid-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkInfovisCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkInfovisCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkInteractionStyle-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkInteractionStyle-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOGeometry-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOGeometry-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOImage-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOImage-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOInfovis-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOInfovis-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOLegacy-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOLegacy-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOPLY-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOPLY-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOXML-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOXML-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkIOXMLParser-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkIOXMLParser-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkjpeg-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkjpeg-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkjsoncpp-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkjsoncpp-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtklibxml2-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtklibxml2-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkmetaio-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkmetaio-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkParallelCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkParallelCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkpng-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkpng-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkRenderingCore-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkRenderingCore-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtksys-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtksys-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtktiff-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtktiff-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libvtkzlib-6.3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES = /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/lib/libvtkzlib-6.3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/alglib/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkexpat/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkglew/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkjpeg/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkjsoncpp/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtklibxml2/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkmetaio/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkpng/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtksys/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtktiff/
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += /Users/lonnibesancon/Desktop/VTK/build4/CMakeExternals/Install/vtk-android/include/vtk-6.3/vtkzlib/
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := cpufeatures android_native_app_glue ndk_helper
GCC_ENABLE_CPP_RTTI := YES
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_MODULE := ndk1
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := native.cxx
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
$(call import-module,android/native_app_glue)
Thanks in advance for the help.
A:
To enable C++ in the NDK, add LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES := rtti exceptions and LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += --std=c++11 to the jni/Android.mk file. By default, the NDK supports only a C++-like language.
Note that there's no underscore between CPP and FLAGS. Also, I've used += because this won't overwrite other flags such as -Wall.
|
Ted Cruz Laying Strong Groundwork for Iowa Win
In the national polls, Texas Senator Ted Cruz sits back around fourth place on average yet the campaign financial reports and ground game he’s constructing in Iowa are telling a different narrative. Scoring a big endorsement this week from influential Iowa Congressman Steve King, Cruz is quietly assembling a strong, organized coalition complete with staff on the ground and a formidable war chest.
He has more cash than any other Republican candidate. He is organized in every county in the first four voting states. And he has served up one strong debate performance after another.
Now, not three months from primary season, rivals concede they have begun to fear Ted Cruz has an increasingly clear path to the Republican nomination.
“Anybody who thinks differently,” said an operative with a rival 2016 campaign, “is lying to you.”
The 2016 field’s reluctantly bullish outlook on Cruz marks a dramatic about-face for Republicans weighing the divisive senator’s odds. For months, Cruz was considered a long shot at best — a hard-line conservative with a niche audience of angry evangelicals, mired in the middle of the polls and, anyway, overshadowed by Donald Trump. Allies of and operatives on campaigns as varied as Jeb Bush’s and Mike Huckabee’s dismissed the Texas senator’s ability to court enough supporters to defeat a more mainstream Republican.
No longer.
The same Republican rivals who relegated Cruz to a second tier in discussions this past summer now see this insurgent firebrand as the candidate who benefited most from Scott Walker’s exit and the one who stands to gain should Trump or Ben Carson decline. Indeed, Cruz is seen by most
The money matters, especially in the coming months when campaigns which are underfunded will fizzle out simply because they have no chance at competing without cash for advertising or paid staffers. At the end of third quarter on October 30, Cruz had the most cash on hand meaning he’ll be able to out-last candidates like Rand Paul who is currently struggling to bring in funds.
Cruz is banking heavily on Iowa, likely writing off New Hampshire, and then going all-in to South Carolina and the so-called “SEC Primary” of Southern States in March of next year. If he can stun with a win in Iowa, he’ll have solid momentum heading into the southern states. The first of which is South Carolina, a state with a Republican voter base that resembles Iowa. He can afford to lose New Hampshire, as George W. Bush did back in 2000, so long as he can rebound across the South
This all assumes two things which have yet to happen: 1) Donald Trump starts losing ground in Iowa and 2) Ben Carson also loses ground in Iowa. If enough Carson and Trump voters defect to Cruz, as opposed to Rubio, Cruz could carry the day with around 25-30% of the vote in a four or five-way split. Whether these chips will fall into place for Cruz remains to be seen.
Nate Ashworth is the Founder and Editor-In-Chief of Election Central. He's been blogging elections and politics for almost a decade. He started covering the 2008 Presidential Election which turned into a full-time political blog in 2012 and 2016.
1 COMMENT
This has been a fascinating campaign, in which a number of candidates were considered the “obvious” choice, consecutively.
Remember when everybody knew that JEB would win? And, of course, Christie was the darling for a bit. Scott Walker was a superstar–that quickly burned out. Rand Paul was seen as a breath of fresh air, and now his candidacy is barely breathing. Fiorina flew up from the kiddie table, but is flopping now. Likewise, Carson looked like a shoo-in, but now, people are trying to shoo him away. Rubio may still have some upside, but he’s obviously not ready for prime time. Trump is still on top, but most people are expecting him to take a dive when the primaries start. It’s as if Cruz has tried to keep a low profile–holding his fire, and trying not to burn out–he still hasn’t really had his 15 minutes of fame. |
A Tribute To National Sandwich Month
This gallery is a tribute to National Sandwich Month! Hopefully you see some sandwiches that make your mouth water! So…check it out!!
LONDON - APRIL 10: A sandwich which costs GBP 85.50 ( (US$ 148.30) sits on display at the department store Selfridges on April 10, 2006 in London, England. Selfridges have put on sale what they claim is London's most expensive sandwich. The cost is down to the Wagyu beef that makes up most of the filling. The other ingredients include fresh lobe foie gras, black truffle mayonnaise, brie de meaux, rocket, red pepper and mustard confit, and English plum tomatoes. (Credit: Scott Barbour/Getty Images)
Villagers of Pastorano Preparing A 1 Kilometer Sandwich
PASTORANO, ITALY - JUNE 1: villagers walk along tables in preparation for a 1 kilometer sandwich as they try to set a new Guiness book world record on June 1, 2003 in Pastoano, Italy. The longest sandwich will use 1000 kilograms of bread, jam, mozzarella cheese, sausages, vegatables and nutella. {Credit: Salvatore Laporta/Getty Images}
Garbanzo Burger
(Credit: Lynne Adkins)
Doomsday Burger
Burgers
(credit: Greg Fiume/Getty Images)
Burger
(credit Paul J. Richards/Getty Images)
Burger
Burger
(Credit FRANK PERRY/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
Hamburgers that are 100 percent grass-fed beef from a certified organic herd and topped with 100 percent grass-fed raw cheese are grilled by a street vendor for sale at seven USD each on July 12, 2012, in Washington, DC. (Credit: PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/GettyImages)
National Sandwich Month
A vendor prepares hamburgers as people queue in front of his food truck on June 29, 2012 near the National Library in Paris. In the latest American food craze to catch on in France, Parisians are flocking to US-style food trucks for gourmet burgers, artisanal tacos and other decidedly non-French street foods. (Credit: FRED DUFOUR/AFP/GettyImages)
Chef Wolfgang Puck and executive pastry chef Sherry Yard at the Oscar food and beverage preview at the Kodak Theatre on on February 24, 2011 in Hollywood, California. (Credit: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
(Credit: PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
(Credit: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
Cobras Harvested For Indonesian Burger Trade
YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA - JUNE 24: Burgers made from cobra snakes are ready to be served on June 24, 2010 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The snakes are caught and processed into burgers which are served at a local restaurant in various guises. (Credit: Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
People stand near a stand of sandwiches on February 10, 2010 in Paris during the "Sandwich and snack show". Some 9,000 visitors and 300 exhibitors are expected to attend the event, a window on trends in the snack industry, that runs until February 11. (Credit: PIERRE VERDY/AFP/Getty Images)
Gruene Woche Agriculture Trade Fair
BERLIN - JANUARY 18: Mini sandwiches of organic ham and bread lie on a counter for visitors to sample at a stand at the Gruene Woche agricultural trade fair January 18, 2008 in Berlin, Germany. German demand for organic food products rose so strongly in 2007 that domestic producers have been unable to keep up. The Gruene Woche runs from January 18 through 27. (Credit: Sean Gallup/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
Five Guys revive American love affair with the hamburger-BY JUSTIN COLE Bacon cheeseburgers are assembled at the Chantilly, Virginia restaurant 25 June 2007. Five Guys restaurant sells about 1500-to-2000 of the all fresh, completely handmade burgers made anyway your want each day. America's hundred-billion-dollar fast-food market is already crowded and battling to retain health-conscious customers, but one company has people lining up to feast on its hamburgers and fries. (Credit: PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
(Credit: PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)
Five Guys revive American love affair with the hamburger-BY JUSTIN COLE A Five Guys cheeseburger is assembled at the Chantilly, Virginia restaurant 25 June 2007. Five Guys restaurant sells about 1500-to-2000 of the all fresh, completely handmade burgers made anyway your want each day. America's hundred-billion-dollar fast-food market is already crowded and battling to retain health-conscious customers, but one company has people lining up to feast on its hamburgers and fries.
National Sandwich Month
New York, UNITED STATES: Pastrami sandwiches on a tray at Katz's Delicatessen on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, 28 June 2007, at in New York. Occational rumours surface that Katz's, a New York institution established in 1888, will close, sending a mild panic through the food community. (Credit: STAN HONDA/AFP/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
JAKARTA, INDONESIA: A chef prepares hamburgers at a hotel in Jakarta, 21 December 2006. A luxury hotel in Indonesia is cooking up an exotic 110-USD hamburger made with Japanese Kobe beef which the chef sees as a marriage between Western food and Asian flavour. (Credit: BAY ISMOYO/AFP/Getty Images)
Steakhouse Serves Up $100 Hamburger
BOCA RATON, FL - JUNE 21: The $100 tri-beefburger sits in a bun at the Old Homestead Steakhouse located in the Boca Raton Resort and Club June 21, 2006 in Boca Raton, Florida. The 20 ounce burger is a combination of beef that includes American prime beef, Japanese Wagayu and Argentine cattle. (Credit: Joe Raedle/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
Tokyo, JAPAN: French chef Luc Doumange (L) shows off a long baguette sandwich with his colleagues for a demonstration of the 12-meter long sandwich to attract visitors for "A Day of Aperitif" in Tokyo, 01 June 2006. Some 3,000 visotors were expected to enjoy aperitifs and hors d'oeuvres at the event during the day. (Credit: YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
New York, UNITED STATES: TO GO WITH AFP: USA-France-Gastronomy French Chef Daniel Boulud shows his "The Original db Burger", 14 April, 2006, at his DB Bistro Moderne in New York. The sirloin burger also contains braised short ribs and foie gras. (Credit: STAN HONDA/AFP/Getty Images)
Corned Beef Prepared For St. Patrick's Day
CHICAGO - MARCH 15: A corned beef sandwich lies in a basket on a table as it is served at the Vienna Beef factory cafe March 15, 2006 in Chicago, Illinois. Vienna Beef Ltd, which supplies the cured meat to stores and delis nationwide, does about 40 percent of their annual corned beef sales between January and the St. Patrick's Day holiday in March. (Credit: Scott Olson/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
(Credit: Tim Boyle/Getty Images)
CHICAGO - FEBRUARY 27: A hot-carved bratwurst sandwich smothered in sauerkraut on rye bread, a glass of Berghoff beer and fried chips are seen on the bar in the Berghoff Restaurant February 27, 2006 in Chicago, Illinois. The famous downtown Chicago eatery will be closing after 107 years on February 28.
Australia Day: Aussie Icons
SYDNEY, NSW - JANUARY 25: A Vegemite sandwich is pictured January 25, 2006 in Sydney, Australia. Vegemite, an Australian culinary specialty, is concentrated yeast extract originally made from a by-product of the beer brewing process. An estimated nine out of ten Australian pantries contain at least one jar of Vegemite, with 46% of Australians having eaten Vegemite at least once during a calendar week. The Vegemite sandwich, a staple of Australian school lunch boxes, was immortalised in the Men At Work song "Down Under" in 1982. The nation will celebrate Australia Day on January 26. (Credit: Ian Waldie/Getty Images)
Burger Wars Escalate As Restaurant Rolls Out 15-Pound Offering
CLEARFIELD, PA - MAY 5: Waitress Rachel Pittman place a bellbusting burger to Rachel Fleagle, right, her sister, Jessica and Scott Staub, all of Philadelphia, Pa at Denny's Beer Barrell in Clearfield, Pa. The group was in the area for a funeral and saw the burger on television and decided to make an attempt at eating it. (Credit: Jeff Swensen/Getty Images)
Burger Wars Escalate As Restaurant Rolls Out 15-Pound Offering
CLEARFIELD, PA - MAY 5: Chef Jeff Zellner of Denny's Beer Barrell in Clearfield, Pa hoists one of the establishments record-breaking burgers in the kitchen. The burger was ordered by 4 guests who had travelled from Philadelphia to sample the famous meal. (Credit: Jeff Swensen/Getty Images)
Screening Of "Taxicab Confessions: New York, New York"
NEW YORK - FEBRUARY 1: World famous Katz's Deli sandwiches are served at the after party for the screening of "Taxicab Confessions New York, New York " at Katz's Deli on February 1, 2005 in New York City. (Credit: Brad Barket/Getty Images)
National Sandwich Month
MEXICO CITY, MEXICO: Mexican wrestler "Superastro" poses 21 August, 2002, with his invention the "Gladiator" hoagie at his "El Cuadril?tero" (Wrestling Ring) restaurant in Mexico City. The Hoagie, or submarine sandwich, is made with steak, chicken, ham, bacon, frankfurter, eggs, sausage and several vegetables and peppers. The sandwich sells for about 10 USD and is meant for four people. There is also the "MicroGladiator" for five USD. (Credit: OMAR TORRES/AFP/Getty Images)
The "Scrooge Sandwich" at the Stage Door Deli
Ebenezer Scrooge from Radio City Entertainment's "A Christmas Carol" creates and enjoys the "Scrooge Sandwich" (Turkey, Pastrami, Muenster Cheese, Deli Mustard, on Rye bread, with a side of Cranberry Sauce) at the Stage Door Deli in New York City. "A Christams Carol" plays at the Theater at Madison Square Garden through December 29th, the "Scrooge Sandwich" is also available through the 29th at the Stage Door Deli. 12/4/02 (Credit: Scott Gries/ImageDirect/Getty Images)
Villagers of Pastorano Preparing A 1 Kilometer Sandwich
PASTORANO, ITALY - JUNE 1: Villagers make preparations for a 1 kilometer sandwich as they try to set a new Guiness book world record on June 1, 2003 in Pastoano, Italy. The longest sandwich will use 1000 kilograms of bread, jam, mozzarella cheese, sausages, vegatables and nutella. {Credit: Salvatore Laporta/Getty Images}
Elvis Week in Memphis
MEMPHIS, TN - AUGUST 16: Arcade restaurant waitress Julia Flowers holds a peanut butter and banana sandwich, Elvis Presley's favorite snack, on the 25th anniversary of Presley's death during Elvis Week August 16, 2002 in Memphis, Tennessee. Up to 75,000 fans are expected to attend the celebration of all things Elvis which marks Presley's August 16, 1977 death. (Credit: Mario Tama/Getty Images) |
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: vault
name: vault
spec:
ports:
- port: 8200
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8200
selector:
app: vault
|
Latest News
WEBINAR: TENURE SECURITY & SDG Indicator 1.4.
Join the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN)'s Global Land Indicators Initiative (GLII), LANDac, the Land Alliance, the Land Portal and the USAID on 19 June 2017 at 1600 GMT+3 for an online event exploring land tenure and the SDGs.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Land tenure security has been recognized as highly relevant to the achievement of SDGs in ending poverty and hunger. Indicator 1.4.2 aims to measure progress on secure tenure rights for all by measuring the,
“Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure.”
This webinar aims to increase the level of awareness among land stakeholders on the efforts to measure tenure security and the SDGs and provide an opportunity to provide feedback and suggestions on the way forward.
What data is needed to measure tenure security for all?
What is available, and what are the plans to regularly collect the various datasets?
How do we understand the perception of tenure security?
What gender and other group dynamics need to be considered in collecting, analyzing and reporting on perception data?
What are some of the best practices we have on how perception data has been collected and disseminated?
Program:
A keynote overview of SDGs and land indicators in the SDGs, focus on 1.4.2 by Robert Peter Ndugwa, Head of the Global Urban Observatory Unit at the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). |
# This file is just a pointer to the file
#
# "Library/ASU-topics/setStat/dueck4_2_1.pg"
#
# You may want to change your problem set to use that problem
# directly, especially if you want to make a copy of the problem
# for modification.
DOCUMENT();
includePGproblem("Library/ASU-topics/setStat/dueck4_2_1.pg");
ENDDOCUMENT();
## These tags keep this problem from being added to the NPL database
##
## DBsubject(ZZZ-Inserted Text)
## DBchapter(ZZZ-Inserted Text)
## DBsection(ZZZ-Inserted Text)
## MLT(FindLineAndPredict)
|
I have but one life to give for my industry....
Please see my comments on Dennis' declaration---got some serious concerns.
Can you give me a ring when you get a minute 415.782.7822? Thanks.
Jeff
Mike D Smith@EES
03/21/2001 10:32 AM
To: Jeff Dasovich/Na/Enron@ENRON
cc:
Subject: Re: Everyone's to blame but the Governor
I blame you. |
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