book_id
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| title
stringclasses 1
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listlengths 1
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|---|---|---|---|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Highland Sports, mentions that if a wild cat, or fox, can be killed, and the body placed in the usual haunts of its kind, well surrounded with traps, curiosity or some such feeling will impel them to visit the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "is used for catching many animals for which the ordinary gin is used; but the advantage which it possesses over the latter is that it captures all animals alive, which, in the case of a hare or a rabbit accidentally getting in, is of consequence, as it may be released unhurt, whereas the ordinary steel trap, if accidentally sprung by them, would have killed or maimed them to a certainty. These box traps can be bought ready-made at many places; but, for those who wish to make one themselves, I must refer them for plans and description to Col. Hawker, or"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Stonehenge."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Notes on Natural History,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Wild Fowler,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Arctic Zoology,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "used in South America for capturing certain animals and birds, no description need be given, as this method of trapping is only to be performed by a person trained from childhood to ride and throw the lasso. The same remark applies to the use of the blowpipe (see Bates's"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Amazons ), and the Australian"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Practical Taxidermy"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sportsman's Handbook,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The implement is so simple and so easily constructed that the price of it is inappreciable. About 3 ft. length of any straight metal or wooden tubing, 0.75 in. diameter, through which a pellet the size of a marble may be thrown, will serve well, but an even longer tube may be chosen. The pellet should be of clay or any putty, rolled in the hand to easily pass through the barrel without too much windage. It should not touch the mouth, but be lightly placed just in the orifice, by stopping which with the thumb the tube can be conveniently carried loaded, muzzle up, ready for the most rapid use. To propel the pellet the puff must be sudden and powerful. There is a proper way of effecting this. When a practitioner first begins to use the blow-pipe, it is a common error to eject the breath only direct from the lungs; he should acquire the habit of inflating his cheeks, so as to make a storage of wind, as it were, for each shot; that, added to the breath from the lungs, gives a force which will sometimes astonish him. The hand follows the eye in aim, and practice will often develop unthought-of proficiency."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Stonehenge, Folkard, Greener,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Wildfowler,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Bustard Shooting in Spain,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "florin, or say an inch across; those discs are--one fully concave, and the other slightly convex, both have a hole in the centre and are soldered together by their edges in the manner shown in Fig. 10. [Footnote: Since writing this I find there are now sold to boys, for the large sum of one-halfpenny, whistles formed in tin, of almost similar construction to those described. I never yet found anyone to make them"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "More wet, more wet."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "a lucid description of which I append, culled from the pages of Folkard's"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Wildfowler:"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "or basket may be used to sit on) to wait till flight time to procure specimens; but having myself sat in a marsh at night between a river and the sea in Norfolk more than once for several hours during a very severe winter, I cannot recommend this as a torrid amusement--indeed, the melancholy"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A cormorant once perched himself on my back as I lay concealed on a rock enveloped in a drab driving coat, which so closely resembled the rock in colour that even he was deceived, and, taking my back as the highest pinnacle, accommodated himself accordingly; neither did he discover his error till my hand grasped him by the legs. I have frequently had cormorants and shags perched around me within a few feet; but their suspicions seemed generally to be aroused by human smell, unless I had rubbed iodine on some part of my clothes."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "--the same which, in the palmy days of Greenwich or Charlton fairs, was retailed to the cry of"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All the fun of the fair for one penny"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Captain Darwin's ("
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "High Elms )"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Game Preservers' Manual, Jefferries'"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Amateur Poacher,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Gamekeeper at Home, etc. For details as to the hunting and scientific shooting of foreign large game, with directions as to the vulnerable spots to be aimed at, I must again refer the reader to articles from the pen of such men as Sir Samuel Baker, G. P. Sanderson,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Smoothbore,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The Old Shekarry,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "sell knives of varied and serviceable patterns--other than those described--all of which have hard wood handles. Dissecting knives and scalpels, to be procured at any Surgical instrument maker's, are also very useful for fine work."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Transfixion"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "are in conjunction with a small, thick, round, camel-hair brush (used by artists for"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "), indispensable for"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What on earth has a goffering-iron to do with taxidermy?"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "mentioned above is best made, if wanted for small birds, from the broken steel of a wool comber's"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Arsenic, of course."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It (arsenic) is dangerous to the operator and inefficient as a preservative."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Oh! ah! yes! that specimen, I now recollect, was done by a very careless man I employed; he never half painted the skin."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "on as thickly as they can. Verbum sap.! A great outcry is being made at the present day as to arsenical wall papers and ladies' dresses--very properly so; but did it never strike any taxidermist--they must read the papers some times, even if not scientific men--that if it was dangerous to live in a room, the paper of which contains a barely appreciable quantity of arsenic, it was also dangerous to work all day in a shop amid hundreds of specimens actually reeking with arsenic, and giving it off when dry, and when handled, in the form of dust? Painted on the skin while wet is bad enough; but what shall we say to those--well, we will not use harsh terms--who calmly tell you that they always use dry arsenic. Incredible as the statement may appear to the scientist, yet it is true that I have seen a man plunge his hand in the most matter-of-fact way into a box containing dry arsenic, and coolly proceed to dust it on a skin. What is the consequence of this to the user of wet or dry arsenical preparations? Coughs, colds, chronic bronchitis, soreness of the lips and nose, ugly ulcers, brittleness of nails, and partial or complete paralysis. I knew a man who formerly used dry arsenic, whose constitution was thoroughly broken up by it. Again, an amateur of long standing called on me some time since, paralyzed in one hand--the doctors could make nothing of him. I said at once,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "You have been using quantities of arsenic, and probably dry?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Yes;"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "I have followed the bird-stuffing now for several years in connection with another trade, but I have never seen anything to touch it before. I have quite given up arsenic, and can get on fine without it, and only wish that I had known the grand secret before."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Your recipe for preservative unction (non-poisonous) is simply invaluable to taxidermists. I have been trying for a long time to make a non-poisonous unction, but never fairly succeeded; always had a doubt as to their efficacy, prejudice had something to do with it."
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "I have tried your recipe, and am well satisfied of its qualities for preserving skins, having tried Swainson's, and Bécoeur's, and yours, and after a twelvemonth have relaxed the skins, and give my favour to yours as a toughener of the skin."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Dangerous! Not to be used!"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Put all these ingredients in a pipkin, which place over a slow fire, stirring the mixture briskly till the several parts are dissolved and form one homogeneous mass. This may then be poured into a wide-mouthed bottle and allowed to stand till quite cold, when it will be ready for use. Of course, these quantities may be increased or decreased according to the size of the animal to be operated on; but the proportions here given must be preserved."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Maunders' Treasury of Natural History, is, by a fine irony, entitled Bullock's"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Preservative"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Mix the whole thoroughly, and after reducing it to a powder pass it through a sieve. Keep in close tin canisters. This powder is more particularly adapted to fill up incisions made in the naked parts of quadrupeds and the skulls of large birds. It has been strongly recommended to us, but, being perfectly satisfied with our own, we have never tried it."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Dangerous,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "As far as I can glean from various sources, the medical profession has only within the last few years attempted to preserve whole bodies. Parts have, of course, been preserved in alcohol of some kind until they have literally crumbled away. At St. George's Hospital they use a preservative fluid, invented by the hospital porter (dissecting-room porter). The subjects are kept in a slate tank filled with the fluid. To show the efficiency of this fluid, I might mention that the first subject arrived much decomposed some months since, but is now quite fresh and sweet. The muscles inevitably lose a little of their colour in the preparation, which is all the change as yet observed. At Guy's is used a preparation of glycerine and arsenic, but at the present moment I do not recollect the exact proportions. At King's College, the method invented by Sterling, of Edinburgh, is used. All other hospitals have the old methods in vogue, such as preparations of arsenic."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Year Book of Pharmacy for 1880,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Poison,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Proof"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Bay salt is salt formed by evaporation of sea-water in shallow lagoons or"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and prepare some fresh specimens, and was very loth to use expensive spirits, or even methylated, for large fish, and therefore tried many things with varying results. At last I was driven back on Moeller's Solution, and by its aid saved some specimens which were slowly rotting in other fluids, and successfully"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "such flabby things as sharks' eggs, sea anemones, and large-sized"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "It was then tried on common"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "(a small species of shark), about six feet long, were sent from Scarboro'. My taxidermist being very busy at the time, I decided to give Moeller a severe test and pickle them. Accordingly--their viscera only being removed--they were tumbled into a large tub containing 2 lb. of bichromate of potassa to 20 galls. of spring water. This was on 13th Sept, 1882; I looked at them on 17th July, 1883, and they were perfectly fresh, quite limp, unshrivelled, and yet so tough as to be capable of any treatment, even to being cast as models, or"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Manual of the Molluscs, says that chloride of calcium, made by dissolving chalk, or the purer carbonate --white marble,--in hydro-chloric acid until effervescence ceases and a saturated solution is obtained, is most useful as a preservative, as it"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "jars, is attacked by the contained spirit in such a manner as to be useless as a preventive of evaporation. Ordinary sealing wax,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Lithocolle"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "animals it must be remembered that the first pickle, whether alcoholic or not, is essentially deteriorated by the bloody mucus and water which exudes from the specimens, especially if large and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "that I did not do so before--that benzoline perfectly preserves birds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "for a considerable time. I tried it on a razorbill (Alta torda, 1.), which I placed in a"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": ") with excellent effect; in fact, as a destructive agent for insects, I prefer it to benzoline, having now mastered the hitherto fatal objections to its use on birds' skins. For the skins of mammals there is nothing to beat it. This will be enlarged on in the chapter on"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Relaxing and Cleaning Skins."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Waterton says--'The atmosphere of spirit of turpentine will allow neither acarus nor any insect to live in it: Do you believe this?"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "But in a preserved and stuffed skin there ought to be no fat to ooze out."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Poison."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Dextrine,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "); K2 and K3 second or"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "joint; q,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "toe), called in ornithology the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "(E) (in the case of large birds, or for some special purpose, this bone is often left intact, but the amateur will be puzzled how to subsequently arrange it in the skin if unbroken). Repeat this on the other wing. For those whose fingers are not strong enough to do this effectually, I recommend a small pair of flat-nosed pliers, some sizes larger than the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "q (not the proper knee, however, that being situated higher up--Plate II), or tibio-tarsal joint. At this joint a bundle of little"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Set"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "be used instead of the common"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "wire (never use"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "(i, Plate II); push it gently along between the bone and the skin--meanwhile holding the wing with the left-hand fingers--along the side of or between the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "finally pushing it into the body at the shoulder, and clenching it when it comes through, which it should do under the opposite wing at the cut. It is often very difficult or impossible to get the wire to go through the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which are narrow strips of cardboard pinned in pairs at intervals below and above the wing, and held in position by pins running through both braces from the under to the upper surface. For explanation of this see Plate I (Frontispiece), a hawk properly"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "[Footnote:"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Peat"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "or thigh bone (i, Plate III.) with the two smaller bones ("
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "French nails"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "to fit the screws, bend each rod for 7 in. or more, at a sharp angle, at its screwed end, and push the pointed end down the fore legs from the inside, so that the points come through the ball of each foot, and having stuffed and bent the fore-legs into shape, push the screwed part into, and through, the corresponding holes in the artificial backbone; screwing on the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "instead of one to each rod, that is to say, one on each side of the wood, No. 1 being screwed on first, the arm of the rod then pushed through the hole, and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Supposing I get a fat dog, or animal of any kind, to set up, how can I manage such a subject satisfactorily? If I leave the fat on the skin I am doing wrong in every way, and if I trim it cleanly off, as it should be done, I stretch the skin to such an extent that my dog is completely out of shape, and though formerly a 'pug' he speedily becomes a 'greyhound.' In fact, I am in a quandary, and do not know what to do."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The animal is then stuffed with chopped tow, sand, or sawdust, sewn up, leaving the doubled wire outside; a hole is then made in a board (of the length and breadth suited to the specimen), through which the wire passes, and the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "are kept in place, until dry, by fine needle-points, or entomological pins passed through the joints, or by braces of cardboard. The ears, if long, are best blocked with cork cut to fit the inside, and then bound round with"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Zoo"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "from the dead head, and the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "to art:"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Take a board, some tools, a well-kneaded lump of clay; place the head before you in strong light, and turn out a lifelike representation of it; wrinkles, muscles, and all--in clay."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "fitted into an ordinary brace. Next, the prepared model requires blocking; this may be done as shown at Fig. 26. A slot to receive the board should have been previously cut in the plaster under-jaw of the model, or, in a more simple and efficient manner (see Fig. 31), by procuring a piece of"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "to the length and angle required, to determine upon the shape and size of the neck, and to fix the neck block (see Fig. 27) to the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "needle (glover's needle) and strong hemp, double and waxed; commence your stitches at the skin in front of one of the horns, bring it around to the back, and enter your needle in the edge of the skin at the side, lace across and across, including the other horn, in the manner most convenient, being careful, however, to make every stitch"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "otherwise, as the skin dries, the horns will be left bare around the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "killed, but when so, what bewailings over the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "what anathemas upon the villain's head who is suspected of"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "! If it were not so serious a matter, one would be inclined to laugh over Anthony Trollope's description, in the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "American Senator, of the old hunting farmer who moved himself and his dinner to the other side of the table, in speechless indignation, lest he should be contaminated by the presence of a sympathiser with a man who wantonly killed a far too sacred fox, which gobbled up the aforesaid man's ducks and fowls. Let this sad relation be a warning to all who look with acquisitive eyes on the scented jacket of our"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Reynard."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "[Footnote:"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Flocks and sacking are the harbouring places of Tinea Tapetzella, 1, a destructive little moth, the ravages of whose larvae once cost me all the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "skin) of their inner lining (the mucous membrane), must have this replaced by wash leather sewn all around to form the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Flat"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "parts. Wax is also used to paint over the mucous membrane, where shown or exposed. All this will be found fully explained in Chapter XII, thus exploding all the rubbish talked, and written, about"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "or"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "compositions, which, when put on soft, will ultimately dry as hard as marble. These wonderful"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "marks. Cover this with thin paper (cap paper) or muslin, which readily adheres by the natural mucus peculiar to fish. This process, it will be seen, keeps the scales fast in their seats during the operation of skinning, and gives also a"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "cotton, i.e,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "of the upper jaw, the other wire resting against the teeth inside the lower jaw. The fins being kept damp during the preceding operations, must now be"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "S.F. --than that you have been using previously in modelling mammals, or to fill out the skins of fishes; also some tempered clay--described in Chapter VII.--and some strips of board calculated to the depth, width, and length of the fish you wish to"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The specimen having had all the mucus washed from its most perfect side, is laid upon one or two sheets of brown paper or common card-board ("
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": ") covering the work-table. [Footnote: I see that Rowland Ward advises the fish being washed with dilute vitriol (sulphuric acid and water) to remove this mucus.] Decide now as to the attitude you wish it to finally assume, and taking some of the tempered clay, cut it into thin slices, build it on, as it were, until only the upper half of the fish is exposed, build under the fins--including the caudal one--and spread them out as you wish; the clay will usually stick to their under surfaces, and hold them in position. Should they"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Artist's hog-hair, No. 8 ) dipped in water, surround the clay with pieces of board, set up on edge, so as to form a wooden wall around all; the height of this wall should exceed the greatest depth or thickness of the fish by some inches. Tie these four walls--planed on their inside surface--around with strong string, finally nailing outside all with long"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "French"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "the fine plaster of Paris, in small quantities at a time, stirring each portion until all is ultimately mixed smoothly and without lumps; when enough is mixed--and the knowledge of quantity only comes with experience--pour it quickly, yet gently, over the whole surface of the fish; jarring the table with your fist causes the plaster to settle down more evenly, without leaving"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The plaster should now be an inch or more in thickness over the highest portion of the fish, in order to give sufficient strength for the"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "mould so"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "as to render it impossible to get a return cast. In this case, nothing avails but the destruction of the first to release the copy. There are several ways of doing this; one of the most simple is sawing with many cuts the edges of the first, or, as it now becomes, the"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "mould as near to the cavity as you dare, before casting into it; having done which, and allowed several hours, or a day even, to elapse, you proceed to break it away, piece by piece, by gentle blows with a hammer, leaving the enclosed fish to make its appearance little by little. When this plan is adopted, the last cast or copy must be run double the thickness to that you wish to destroy, otherwise you may break the copy instead of the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and undercut by the aid of the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "and"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "tools (see Figs. 29 and 30), the tablet must be pared flat by a long broad flat chisel called a"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "tempera painting,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "on plaster, that I determined to try paper for the last cast or model; to this end I took lessons at a theatre in the art of"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Science Gossip for 1878, to which I must refer my readers for further details. They agree to differ, however, in one important particular. One writer says that plaster-work is as"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "! The other writer speaks of it as"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "and, really, I feel inclined to back his opinion; for having now used some tons of plaster, ranging in quantities from a few pounds to 3 cwt. at a time, I must say that, of all the diabolical messes for getting into the hair or on the boots, and about a house or workshop, plaster is the worst."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Matter in the wrong place,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "they might be useful for larger"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "process--described in Chapter XII. The mounting of such as these, by processes of taxidermy, differs from all previously described in this chapter. When of excessive size and weight, they may be"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Tanning, Currying, and Leather-dressing, by F. Dussance:"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The Arts of Tanning, Currying, and Leather-dressing,"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Before I describe this, however, it may be as well to say that no liquid, powder, or combination of liquids or powders, is known into which a skin can be plunged, and--without the aid of manual labour--come out as leather. I mention this to correct a popular error, many people supposing that labour has no part in the preparation of"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "of clothes, is necessary. In the cases of some skins which are obstinate, thick, or have been simply sun-dried, as are many tigers' and leopards' skins sent from India, it will be found necessary to fix them over a sloping board or on the edge of a table, and to use a spokeshave, or currier's thinning knife, to thin them down--perhaps an eighth of an inch all over--then tear the fibre up with the scraper, grease them with lard, to which has been added essence of musk, and punch them for several hours or several days with a"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The skin, which should be removed from the animal as soon as possible after it has been killed, is stretched and tacked on to a board, the flesh side being outwards. This is at once covered with lard carefully spread over the entire surface, no portion being allowed to escape. As the moisture dries out of the skin, the lard enters the pores and supplies its place, and in about a week's time (the lard being carefully renewed when requisite) the skin will have altered its character, in consequence of being penetrated by the grease. It is then removed and washed thoroughly in warm water and soap until the external grease is removed. During the drying it is necessary to pull and stretch the skin in all directions, so that its texture opens, and it becomes white, owing to the admission of air into the pores; this stretching is accompanied, or rather preceded, by careful scraping or currying with a sharp knife or razor, to remove the fleshy matters and render the skin thinner. With the larger number of skins the process is successful; but some few go bad, apparently from not absorbing the lard with sufficient rapidity."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "border of cloth attached. The tools for"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "the skin, which means scraping and cutting away all superfluous flesh and fat, then lay it out flat and rub it well in with the burnt alum and saltpetre (Formula No. 9). In dressing thick skins, it will be advisable to make a paste of the alum and saltpetre by mixing it with a little water, and repeatedly rub this mixture into those parts where the skin is thickest, such as around the lips, eyes, ears, etc, taking care that not a wrinkle in any part escapes a thorough dressing, otherwise it will assuredly"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "in it, but is"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "or by the more efficient professional"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "made of four bars of wood, to which the specimen is"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Hold, enough! and hand all future leather-dressing over to the professionals, I shall indeed think him"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "MAKING-UP"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the skins procured by ourselves, or by others, and for this purpose we"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Relaxing"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Past master in the method can mount a skin in as artistic and natural a manner as if done from the flesh. Usually, specimens done from the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "are at once recognisable by their uneasy and"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "was introduced, and the taxidermists were not long in finding out its valuable properties for feather cleaning."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Benzoline (Benzol, or Benzine C6H6), then came into more general use, and was, of course, found to have all the properties of the so-called"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Science, points out that the addition of salt to the water cleanses blood from feathers, by preventing the solution of the blood-globules, and diffusion to the colouring matter, or red haemoglobin. I have found this"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "MAKING UP From Pieces.--I have before mentioned that birds are sometimes made up feather by feather, and also when pulled to pieces for"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Piece Moulds,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Brunswick black, a cheap and durable brown, if laid on thinly, i.e. thinned with turps, is sometimes used for colouring the noses of mammals. It must be recollected, however, that greys predominate in some noses over browns, and that the surface is seldom of one tint, hence"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Brunswick black"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Waterton's Wanderings in South America,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "--may be replaced by wax. White wax may be coloured in some instances before using. Paraffin wax does in some situations, but is not a very tractable medium. Dry colours may sometimes be rubbed into the wax with advantage. The colouring of a fish's skin, which, when set up and dried, is colourless, as noted, is a nice operation involving some artistic ability; the same remarks apply as those upon the colouring of the bills and feet of birds (see ante), but with this difference, that although the colour should be thinly applied as directed, yet in this instance the appearance of wetness has to be represented. In ordinary taxidermic work this is managed by adding clear"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "varnish, or"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Roberson's medium,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Homes without Hands,"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "PIECE MOULDS AND MODELLING TONGUES, MUSCLES, etc, IN COMPOSITION. As I stated at the end of Chapter VII,"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "has for its base one of three things--clay, plaster, or wax. The uses of the first I have fully explained--glue-water and plaster will stiffen or toughen it. There is also"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "clay, which, if moulded into shape, can be"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which is casting arranged to take moulds from anything"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "--which readily stretches enough to"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "undercuts and come off the model. To get a model from this glue mould, cover the original model you wish to cast from with as thick a covering of clay as you wish your gelatine mould to be when run; upon this pour plaster to form a"
},
{
"from": "human",
"value": "letting its top and bottom rest on the top and bottom of the original model. When the clay is removed, and the"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "fitted on again, it will, of course, only touch at top and bottom, leaving an interspace all over the remainder of the model. A hole being now cut in the"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "being inserted in the moulds."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Casting sand"
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Some of these models contained thirty tons of clay, which had to be supported on four legs, as their natural history characteristics would not allow of my having recourse to any of the expedients for support allowed to sculptors in an ordinary case. I could have no trees, nor rocks, nor foliage to support these great bodies, which, to be natural, must be built fairly on their four legs. In the instance of the iguanodon, it is not less than building a house upon four columns, as the quantities of material of which the standing iguanodon is composed, consist of 4 iron columns, 9 ft. long by 7 in. diameter, 600 bricks, 650 5 in. half-round drain-tiles, 900 plain tiles, 38 casks of cement, 90 casks of broken stone; making a total of 640 bushels of artificial stone. These, with 100 ft. of iron hooping and 20 ft. of cube inch bar constitute the bones, sinews, and muscles of this large model, the largest of which there is any record of a casting being made."
}
]
|
26014 | Unknown Title | Unknown Author | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "With regard to plaster casts of fruit, etc, a much neater and readier method of making the mould is to mix a sufficient quantity of beeswax with resin in a pipkin over a slow fire. It must be used whilst just lukewarm by either dipping the fruit--say, an apple--until sufficient adheres to form a good strong coating. When cold (dipping in cold water will readily make it so), the whole can be cut through with a sharp knife, the halves of the fruit come out easily, and a perfect mould in two halves is thus obtained. Fasten the halves of the mould together with string, and smear a little of the warm material over the joint to hold it together, and cast your model (into this, through a small hole made for the purpose) in the usual way with plaster of Paris made rather thin with water. When set, place in a little warm water, when the mould easily strips off, leaving a model of the most perfect kind and at a small expense, for the mould can be melted up and used over and over again."
}
]
|
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