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ed401af00d7e9dc6a96db853f696b518b2f4b6c3 | 637 | md | Markdown | audio loop phonegap/Audio Looper/recorder please work!/Cordova-Examples-master/mp3/readme.md | DouglasDev/audio-looper | 43e90a123a74fe0e0aebf34ffa872b3409d2bc9a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | audio loop phonegap/Audio Looper/recorder please work!/Cordova-Examples-master/mp3/readme.md | DouglasDev/audio-looper | 43e90a123a74fe0e0aebf34ffa872b3409d2bc9a | [
"MIT"
] | 7 | 2020-07-18T20:02:46.000Z | 2022-02-26T20:13:44.000Z | recorder please work!/Cordova-Examples-master/mp3/readme.md | DouglasDev/audio-looper | 43e90a123a74fe0e0aebf34ffa872b3409d2bc9a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | Media Example
===
This is a simple example of using the [Media plugin](https://github.com/apache/cordova-plugin-media/blob/master/doc/index.md) to play an MP3 file located in the application. This application requires the Media and Device plugin to work properly.
cordova plugin add org.apache.cordova.media
cordova plugin add org.apache.cordova.device
When the application launches, it presents one button. Clicking the button simply plays the MP3. Make note of how Android requires a slightly different path in order to play local files. The helper function, getMediaURL, uses the Device plugin to sniff for and detect Android.
| 63.7 | 276 | 0.799058 | eng_Latn | 0.977028 |
ed40f165aece1c5c0fe7af9caff32571083381a7 | 488 | md | Markdown | packages/helix-contracts/README.md | hadasz/web3studio-bootleg | e7c0477660374337ade5befdf558021b6add2070 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | packages/helix-contracts/README.md | hadasz/web3studio-bootleg | e7c0477660374337ade5befdf558021b6add2070 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | packages/helix-contracts/README.md | hadasz/web3studio-bootleg | e7c0477660374337ade5befdf558021b6add2070 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | <h1 align="center">
<br/>
<a href='https://github.com/ConsenSys/web3studio-bootleg'><img
width='250px'
alt='Helix'
src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5770007/52375625-1a52b180-2a2e-11e9-955e-2eb06ad4b86d.png" /></a>
<br/>
Contracts
<br/>
</h1>
<h4 align="center">
Trustless DRM on Ethereum
</h4>
<p align="center">
<a href="#license">License</a>
</p>
Smart contracts that plug into the Helix system.
<br/>
## License
[Apache 2.0](LICENSE)
| 18.074074 | 118 | 0.653689 | yue_Hant | 0.158082 |
ed412bd6ba80f18b9d6ad3ab29670c7c94d849b4 | 5,742 | md | Markdown | partner-center/sell-to-education-customers.md | Mdlglobal-atlassian-net/partner-center-pr.fr-fr | bca7da8b5e2604a08310ae05daff27b70965a6f8 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | partner-center/sell-to-education-customers.md | Mdlglobal-atlassian-net/partner-center-pr.fr-fr | bca7da8b5e2604a08310ae05daff27b70965a6f8 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | partner-center/sell-to-education-customers.md | Mdlglobal-atlassian-net/partner-center-pr.fr-fr | bca7da8b5e2604a08310ae05daff27b70965a6f8 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-05-28T16:00:31.000Z | 2020-05-28T16:00:31.000Z | ---
title: Comment vendre des formations aux clients
description: Découvrez comment créer un client Education et vendre des offres dans l’espace partenaires.
ms.topic: article
ms.date: 3/20/2020
ms.service: partner-dashboard
ms.subservice: partnercenter-csp
ms.assetid: 913e31aa-21b9-447c-988c-7487d82b3c4f
author: brentserbus
ms.author: brserbus
keywords: éducation, segments spéciaux
ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.openlocfilehash: 99d5576cfcdad5320d90c19ca705b7c43cb3e7ab
ms.sourcegitcommit: 3849d49261f4f652bd7c0537ebe31558af427c5c
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: fr-FR
ms.lasthandoff: 05/13/2020
ms.locfileid: "83362487"
---
# <a name="how-to-sell-education-to-customers"></a>Comment vendre des formations aux clients
**S’applique à**
- Espace partenaires
**Rôles appropriés**
- Administrateur général
- Agent d’administration
- Agent commercial
## <a name="create-an-education-customer"></a>Créer un client Education
Cet article explique comment créer un client de formation dans l’espace partenaires et vendre des produits de formation à ces derniers. Il explique également comment afficher l’état de validation et soumettre à nouveau la demande d’instruction, si nécessaire.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Microsoft vets chaque client de formation nouvellement créé pour s’assurer qu’elles sont qualifiées pour les offres d’éducation. Veillez à entrer les informations requises de manière aussi précise et complète que possible pour éviter les retards dans le processus d’instruction.
1. Connectez-vous à l’Espace partenaires.
2. Sélectionnez **clients** , puis **Ajouter un client**. Sélectionnez **Education** dans la liste déroulante **qualifications spéciales** . Renseignez le reste des informations de compte en fonction des besoins. Les champs clés qui facilitent le processus d’instruction sont les suivants :
- Nom de la société : entrez le nom de l’entité légale-requis pour l’instruction
- Lignes du pays/de la région et de l’adresse : entrez l’adresse POSTALe de l’entité complète – obligatoire pour l’instruction
- Adresse de messagerie : entrez l’adresse de messagerie de l’entité, et non un e-mail gratuit ou on.microsoft.com, requis pour l’évaluation
- Coordonnées du client : ces informations seront utilisées dans le cadre du processus d’instruction.
- Nom de domaine principal : utilisé pour créer le compte et les adresses de messagerie du client. Choisissez un nom similaire au nom de la société sans espaces ni caractères spéciaux. Ce nom ne peut pas être modifié ultérieurement.
3. Lorsque vous avez terminé, sélectionnez **examiner**.
### <a name="confirm-your-education-customers-vetting-status"></a>Confirmez l’état de vérification de votre client Education
Dans la page compte du client, consultez la rubrique **État de qualification spéciale**.
Exemples d’État :
- Si le client a passé l’assistance : éducation
- Si le client n’a pas réussi la vérification : n’est pas un client éducatif
- Si le client n’a pas été marqué comme client éducation : aucun
## <a name="correct-the-customer-account-info-and-resubmit-for-vetting"></a>Corriger les informations du compte client et soumettre à nouveau l’instruction
Si votre client ne parvient pas à la validation initiale, vous pouvez désormais corriger les informations et les renvoyer.
### <a name="correct-the-customer-account-information"></a>Corriger les informations du compte client
Vous devez disposer de privilèges d’administrateur général pour mettre à jour les informations du client. Vous mettez à jour les informations sur le portail Office 365, car ces données ne peuvent pas être mises à jour à partir du portail espace partenaires.
1. Dans la page compte, vous verrez des informations indiquant que la qualification du client est considérée comme « non un client éducatif ».
2. Actualisez votre navigateur pour réinitialiser la page. Il y aura un bouton **mettre à jour** et l' **État des qualifications spéciales** est défini sur **aucun**.
3. Sélectionnez **Mettre à jour**. Dans la page **gestion des services** , sélectionnez **Office 365**.
4. Vous serez redirigé vers le centre d’administration Office 365 sous un nouvel onglet de votre navigateur. Vous pouvez être invité à vous connecter avec vos informations d’identification.
5. Sélectionnez **Paramètres**.
6. Sélectionnez l’onglet **profil d’organisation** en haut de l’écran, puis **informations sur l’organisation**. Vous pouvez maintenant mettre à jour les détails du client.
7. Sélectionnez **enregistrer les modifications** en bas de la barre latérale.
### <a name="resubmit-for-revetting"></a>Soumettre à nouveau pour la révalidation
1. Accédez à l’onglet espace partenaires et à la page du **compte** client. Actualisez le navigateur. et vérifiez que la page de l’entreprise a été mise à jour avec les nouvelles informations. Sélectionnez le bouton **mettre à jour** pour demander la révérification de l’éducation.
2. Si les détails du client mis à jour sont éligibles pour les offres de formation, vous verrez les **qualifications spéciales** mises à jour vers **Education**. Si vous ne voyez toujours **pas un client Education**, contactez le support pour une vérification manuelle.
## <a name="next-steps"></a>Étapes suivantes
- [Vendre aux secteurs spécialisés](get-special-pricing-for-offers.md)
- [Ajouter un nouveau client](add-a-new-customer.md)
- [Vendre des abonnements Minecraft: Education Edition aux clients de l’éducation](minecraft-subscriptions.md)
| 55.211538 | 292 | 0.783699 | fra_Latn | 0.984134 |
ed413dbe8827bb11abd54bee2ddf173d208bda2f | 19,688 | md | Markdown | articles/media-services/latest/stream-files-tutorial-with-api.md | Caigie/azure-docs.de-de | 788350a050087ee84cd8c5a5a2d32b8d02b62da4 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | articles/media-services/latest/stream-files-tutorial-with-api.md | Caigie/azure-docs.de-de | 788350a050087ee84cd8c5a5a2d32b8d02b62da4 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | articles/media-services/latest/stream-files-tutorial-with-api.md | Caigie/azure-docs.de-de | 788350a050087ee84cd8c5a5a2d32b8d02b62da4 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Hochladen, Codieren und Streamen mit Media Services v3
titleSuffix: Azure Media Services
description: Tutorial zum Hochladen einer Datei, Codieren eines Videos und Streamen von Inhalten mit Media Services v3
services: media-services
documentationcenter: ''
author: IngridAtMicrosoft
manager: femila
editor: ''
ms.service: media-services
ms.workload: ''
ms.topic: tutorial
ms.custom: mvc
ms.date: 08/31/2020
ms.author: inhenkel
ms.openlocfilehash: eedbb63f4928c0397150b40a47fdc7c3e87d1991
ms.sourcegitcommit: bcda98171d6e81795e723e525f81e6235f044e52
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: de-DE
ms.lasthandoff: 09/01/2020
ms.locfileid: "89256768"
---
# <a name="tutorial-upload-encode-and-stream-videos-with-media-services-v3"></a>Tutorial: Hochladen, Codieren und Streamen von Videos mit Media Services v3
[!INCLUDE [media services api v3 logo](./includes/v3-hr.md)]
> [!NOTE]
> Auch wenn in diesem Tutorial die [.NET SDK](/dotnet/api/microsoft.azure.management.media.models.liveevent?view=azure-dotnet)-Beispiele verwendet werden, sind die allgemeinen Schritte für die [REST-API](/rest/api/media/liveevents), die [CLI](/cli/azure/ams/live-event?view=azure-cli-latest) oder für andere unterstützte [SDKs](media-services-apis-overview.md#sdks) identisch.
Azure Media Services ermöglicht das Codieren Ihrer Mediendateien in Formaten, die mit einer Vielzahl von Browsern und Geräten wiedergegeben werden können. So können Sie Ihre Inhalte beispielsweise im HLS-Format von Apple oder im MPEG DASH-Format streamen. Vor dem Streamen sollten Sie Ihre digitale Mediendatei in hoher Qualität codieren. Hilfeinformationen zur Codierung finden Sie in der [Übersicht über die Codierung](encoding-concept.md). In diesem Tutorial wird eine lokale Videodatei hochgeladen und die hochgeladene Datei codiert. Sie können auch Inhalte codieren, die Sie über eine HTTPS-URL zugänglich machen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter [Erstellen einer Auftragseingabe aus einer HTTP(S)-URL](job-input-from-http-how-to.md).
Dieses Tutorial veranschaulicht folgende Vorgehensweisen:
> [!div class="checklist"]
> * Herunterladen der in diesem Thema beschriebenen Beispiel-App
> * Untersuchen des Codes zum Hochladen, Codieren und Streamen
> * Führen Sie die App aus.
> * Testen der Streaming-URL
> * Bereinigen der Ressourcen
[!INCLUDE [quickstarts-free-trial-note](../../../includes/quickstarts-free-trial-note.md)]
## <a name="prerequisites"></a>Voraussetzungen
- Wenn Sie Visual Studio noch nicht installiert haben, können Sie [Visual Studio Community 2019](https://www.visualstudio.com/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku=Community&rel=15) herunterladen.
- [Erstellen Sie ein Media Services-Konto.](./create-account-howto.md)<br/>Merken Sie sich die Werte, die Sie für den Namen der Ressourcengruppe und des Media Services-Kontos verwendet haben.
- Führen Sie die Schritte unter [Zugreifen auf die Azure Media Services-API mit der Azure CLI](./access-api-howto.md) aus, und speichern Sie die Anmeldeinformationen. Sie benötigen sie für den Zugriff auf die API.
## <a name="download-and-set-up-the-sample"></a>Herunterladen und Einrichten des Beispiels
Klonen Sie ein GitHub-Repository mit dem Beispiel zum .NET-Streaming auf Ihren Computer, indem Sie den folgenden Befehl verwenden:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials.git
```
Das Beispiel befindet sich im Ordner [UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/tree/master/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles).
Öffnen Sie in Ihrem heruntergeladenen Projekt die Datei [appsettings.json](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/blob/master/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/appsettings.json). Ersetzen Sie die Werte durch Anmeldeinformationen, die Sie durch den [Zugriff auf APIs](./access-api-howto.md) abgerufen haben.
## <a name="examine-the-code-that-uploads-encodes-and-streams"></a>Überprüfen des Codes, mit dem hochgeladen, codiert und gestreamt wird
In diesem Abschnitt werden die Funktionen untersucht, die in der Datei „[Program.cs](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/blob/master/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs)“ des *UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles*-Projekts definiert werden.
Mit dem Beispiel werden die folgenden Aktionen durchgeführt:
1. Erstellen einer neuen **Transformation** (nach vorheriger Überprüfung, ob die angegebene Transformation vorhanden ist)
2. Erstellen eines **Ausgabemedienobjekts**, das als Ausgabe des **Codierungsauftrags** verwendet wird.
3. Erstellen eines **Eingabemedienobjekts** und Hochladen der angegebenen lokalen Videodatei in das Objekt. Das Medienobjekt wird als Eingabe für den Auftrag verwendet.
4. Übermittlung des Codierungsauftrag mit der erstellten Ein- und Ausgabe
5. Überprüfen des Auftragsstatus
6. Erstellen eines **Streaminglocators**
7. Erstellen von Streaming-URLs
### <a name="start-using-media-services-apis-with-net-sdk"></a>Starten der Verwendung von Media Services-APIs mit dem .NET SDK
Um mit der Verwendung von Media Services-APIs in .NET zu beginnen, müssen Sie ein **AzureMediaServicesClient**-Objekt erstellen. Zum Erstellen des Objekts müssen Sie Anmeldeinformationen bereitstellen, die der Client zur Verbindungsherstellung mit Azure mithilfe von Azure AD benötigt. In dem Code, den Sie zu Beginn des Artikels geklont haben, erstellt die Funktion **GetCredentialsAsync** das ServiceClientCredentials-Objekt basierend auf den in der lokalen Konfigurationsdatei angegebenen Anmeldeinformationen.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#CreateMediaServicesClient)]
### <a name="create-an-input-asset-and-upload-a-local-file-into-it"></a>Erstellen eines Eingabeobjekts und Hochladen einer lokalen Datei in dieses
Die **CreateInputAsset**-Funktion erstellt ein neues [Eingabeobjekt](/rest/api/media/assets) und lädt die angegebene lokale Videodatei in dieses hoch. Dieses **Medienobjekt** wird als Eingabe für Ihren Codierungsauftrag verwendet. In Media Services v3 kann die Eingabe für einen **Auftrag** ein **Medienobjekt** sein, oder es kann sich um Inhalte handeln, die Sie für Ihr Media Services-Konto über HTTPS-URLs zur Verfügung stellen. Um zu erfahren, wie die Codierung aus einer HTTPS-URL erfolgt, lesen Sie [diesen](job-input-from-http-how-to.md) Artikel.
In Media Services v3 verwenden Sie Azure Storage-APIs zum Hochladen von Dateien. Im folgenden Codeausschnitt wird gezeigt, wie dies funktioniert.
Die folgende Funktion führt diese Aktionen aus:
* Erstellen eines **Medienobjekts**
* Abrufen einer nicht schreibgeschützten [SAS-URL](../../storage/common/storage-sas-overview.md) für den [Container](../../storage/blobs/storage-quickstart-blobs-dotnet.md#upload-blobs-to-a-container) des Medienobjekts im Speicher
Beachten Sie Folgendes: Wenn Sie die Funktion [ListContainerSas](/rest/api/media/assets/listcontainersas) des Medienobjekts zum Abrufen von SAS-URLs verwenden, gibt die Funktion mehrere SAS-URLs zurück, da für jedes Speicherkonto zwei Speicherkontoschlüssel vorhanden sind. Ein Speicherkonto verfügt über zwei Schlüssel, um eine nahtlose Rotation von Speicherkontoschlüsseln zu ermöglichen. (So kann beispielsweise ein Schlüssel geändert werden, während der andere in Gebrauch ist. Anschließend kann dann der neue Schlüssel verwendet werden, während der andere rotiert wird.) Die erste SAS-URL steht für Speicherschlüssel1 und die zweite für Speicherschlüssel2.
* Hochladen der Datei in den Container im Speicher mithilfe der SAS-URL
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#CreateInputAsset)]
### <a name="create-an-output-asset-to-store-the-result-of-a-job"></a>Erstellen eines Ausgabeobjekts zum Speichern des Ergebnisses eines Auftrags
Das [Ausgabeobjekt](/rest/api/media/assets) speichert das Ergebnis Ihres Codierungsauftrags. Das Projekt definiert die **DownloadResults**-Funktion, die die Ergebnisse aus diesem Ausgabeobjekt in den Ordner „output“ herunterlädt, damit Sie sehen können, was Sie abgerufen haben.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#CreateOutputAsset)]
### <a name="create-a-transform-and-a-job-that-encodes-the-uploaded-file"></a>Erstellen einer Transformation und eines Auftrags, der die hochgeladene Datei codiert
Bei der Codierung oder Verarbeitung von Inhalten in Media Services ist es gängige Praxis, Codierungseinstellungen als Anleitung einzurichten. Anschließend übermitteln Sie einen **Auftrag**, um diese Anleitung auf ein Video anzuwenden. Durch die Übermittlung von neuen Aufträgen für jedes neue Video wenden Sie diese Anleitung auf alle Videos in Ihrer Bibliothek an. Eine solche Anleitung wird in Media Services als **Transformation** bezeichnet. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter [Transformationen und Aufträge](./transforms-jobs-concept.md). Das in diesem Tutorial beschriebene Beispiel definiert eine Anleitung, die das Video codiert, damit es auf eine Vielzahl von iOS- und Android-Geräte gestreamt werden kann.
#### <a name="transform"></a>Transformieren
Beim Erstellen einer neuen [Transformations](/rest/api/media/transforms)instanz müssen Sie angeben, was als Ausgabe generiert werden soll. Der erforderliche Parameter ist ein **TransformOutput**-Objekt, wie im folgenden Code gezeigt. Jedes **TransformOutput**-Objekt enthält eine **Voreinstellung**. Die **Voreinstellung** beschreibt die schrittweisen Anweisungen von Video- und/oder Audioverarbeitungsvorgängen, die verwendet werden sollen, um das gewünschte **TransformOutput**-Objekt zu generieren. Das in diesem Artikel beschriebene Beispiel verwendet eine integrierte Voreinstellung namens **AdaptiveStreaming**. Die Voreinstellung codiert das Eingabevideo in eine automatisch generierte Bitratenkette (Paare aus Bitrate und Auflösung) auf Basis der Eingabeauflösung und -bitrate und generiert ISO MP4-Dateien mit H.264-Video und AAC-Audio entsprechend jedem Paar aus Bitrate und Auflösung. Weitere Informationen zu dieser Voreinstellung finden Sie unter [Automatische Erstellen einer Bitratenkette](autogen-bitrate-ladder.md).
Sie können ein integriertes EncoderNamedPreset-Objekt oder benutzerdefinierte Voreinstellungen verwenden. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter [Anpassen von Encoder-Voreinstellungen](customize-encoder-presets-how-to.md).
Beim Erstellen einer [Transformation](/rest/api/media/transforms) sollten Sie zunächst mit der **Get**-Methode überprüfen, ob eine solche bereits vorhanden ist. Der folgende Code zeigt dies. In Media Services v3 geben **Get**-Methoden für Entitäten **null** zurück, wenn die Entität nicht vorhanden ist (eine Überprüfung des Namens ohne Unterscheidung zwischen Groß-/Kleinschreibung ).
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#EnsureTransformExists)]
#### <a name="job"></a>Auftrag
Wie bereits erwähnt, ist das [Transformations](/rest/api/media/transforms)objekt die Anleitung und ein [Auftrag](/rest/api/media/jobs) die tatsächliche Anforderung an Media Services, diese **Transformation** auf ein bestimmtes Eingabevideo oder einen Audioinhalt anzuwenden. Der **Auftrag** gibt Informationen wie den Speicherort des Eingabevideos und den Speicherort für die Ausgabe an.
In diesem Beispiel wurde das Eingabevideo vom lokalen Computer hochgeladen. Um zu erfahren, wie die Codierung aus einer HTTPS-URL erfolgt, lesen Sie [diesen](job-input-from-http-how-to.md) Artikel.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#SubmitJob)]
### <a name="wait-for-the-job-to-complete"></a>Warten auf den Abschluss des Auftrags
Der Abschluss des Auftrags nimmt einige Zeit in Anspruch. Wenn er erfolgt ist, möchten Sie benachrichtigt werden. Das Codebeispiel unten zeigt, wie der Status des [Auftrags](/rest/api/media/jobs) vom Dienst abgerufen wird. Der Abruf gehört aufgrund potenzieller Latenzzeiten nicht zu den empfohlenen Best Practices für Produktionsanwendungen. Der Abruf kann gedrosselt werden, wenn er für ein Konto im Übermaß verwendet wird. Entwickler sollten stattdessen Event Grid verwenden.
Event Grid ist für hohe Verfügbarkeit, konsistente Leistung und dynamische Skalierung ausgelegt. Mit Event Grid können Ihre Apps Ereignisse aus praktisch allen Azure-Diensten sowie aus benutzerdefinierten Quellen überwachen und darauf reagieren. Eine einfache, HTTP-basierte, reaktive Ereignisverarbeitung hilft Ihnen mit intelligentem Filtern und Routing von Ereignissen dabei, effiziente Lösungen zu erstellen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter [Routing von Ereignissen an einen benutzerdefinierten Webendpunkt](job-state-events-cli-how-to.md).
Der **Auftrag** durchläuft in der Regel die folgenden Zustände: **Geplant**, **In Warteschlange**, **Wird verarbeitet**, **Abgeschlossen** (Endzustand). Wenn für den Auftrag ein Fehler aufgetreten ist, erhalten Sie den Zustand **Fehler**. Wird der Auftrag gerade abgebrochen, befindet er sich im Zustand **Vorgang wird abgebrochen**. Nach Abschluss des Vorgangs lautet der Status **Abgebrochen**.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#WaitForJobToFinish)]
### <a name="job-error-codes"></a>Auftragsfehlercodes
Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter [Fehlercodes](/rest/api/media/jobs/get#joberrorcode).
### <a name="get-a-streaming-locator"></a>Abrufen eines Streaminglocators
Nachdem die Codierung abgeschlossen ist, besteht der nächste Schritt darin, das Video im Ausgabeobjekt Clients für die Wiedergabe zur Verfügung zu stellen. Führen Sie hierzu diese zwei Schritte aus: Erstellen Sie zunächst einen [Streaminglocator](/rest/api/media/streaminglocators) und dann die Streaming-URLs, die Clients verwenden können.
Der Vorgang zum Erstellen eines **Streaminglocators** wird als „Veröffentlichen“ bezeichnet. Standardmäßig ist der **Streaminglocator** sofort nach Durchführung der API-Aufrufe gültig und bleibt es auch, bis er gelöscht wird (es sei denn, Sie konfigurieren die optionalen Start- und Endzeiten).
Beim Erstellen eines [StreamingLocator](/rest/api/media/streaminglocators) müssen Sie den gewünschten **StreamingPolicyName** angeben. In diesem Beispiel streamen Sie unverschlüsselte Inhalte, daher wird die vordefinierte Richtlinie für unverschlüsseltes Streaming (**PredefinedStreamingPolicy.ClearStreamingOnly**) verwendet.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Wenn Sie eine benutzerdefinierte [Streamingrichtlinie](/rest/api/media/streamingpolicies) verwenden, sollten Sie eine begrenzte Sammlung solcher Richtlinien für Ihr Media Services-Konto erstellen und diese für Ihre Streaminglocators wiederverwenden, wenn dieselben Verschlüsselungsoptionen und Protokolle benötigt werden. Ihr Media Services-Konto weist ein Kontingent für die Anzahl von Streamingrichtlinieneinträgen auf. Sie sollten nicht für jeden Streaminglocator eine neue Streamingrichtlinie erstellen.
Im folgende Code wird vorausgesetzt, dass Sie die Funktion mit einem eindeutigen locatorName aufrufen.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#CreateStreamingLocator)]
Das Beispiel in diesem Thema beschäftigt sich mit Streaming. Sie können den gleichen Aufruf jedoch auch verwenden, um einen Streaminglocator für die Übermittlung von Video über progressiven Download zu erstellen.
### <a name="get-streaming-urls"></a>Abrufen von Streaming-URLs
Nachdem der **Streaminglocator** erstellt wurde, können Sie die Streaming-URLs wie unter [GetStreamingURLs](/rest/api/media/streaminglocators) gezeigt abrufen. Zum Erstellen einer URL müssen Sie den Hostnamen des [Streamingendpunkts](/rest/api/media/streamingendpoints) und den Pfad des **Streaminglocators** miteinander verketten. In diesem Beispiel wird der *standardmäßige* **Streamingendpunkt** verwendet. Beim ersten Erstellen eines Media Services-Kontos weist dieser *standardmäßige* **Streamingendpunkt** den Status „Beendet“ auf. Sie müssen daher **Start** aufrufen.
> [!NOTE]
> In dieser Methode benötigen Sie den LocatorName, der beim Erstellen des **Streaminglocators** für das Ausgabeobjekt verwendet wurde.
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#GetStreamingURLs)]
### <a name="clean-up-resources-in-your-media-services-account"></a>Bereinigen von Ressourcen in Ihrem Media Services-Konto
Im Allgemeinen sollten Sie alle Objekte bis auf diejenigen bereinigen, die Sie wiederverwenden möchten (in der Regel werden Transformationen wiederverwendet und StreamingLocators usw. dauerhaft gespeichert). Wenn Sie Ihr Konto nach dem Experimentieren bereinigen, sollten Sie alle Ressourcen löschen, die Sie nicht wiederverwenden möchten. Der folgende Code beispielsweise löscht den Auftrag, die erstellten Assets und die Inhaltsschlüsselrichtlinie:
[!code-csharp[Main](../../../media-services-v3-dotnet-tutorials/AMSV3Tutorials/UploadEncodeAndStreamFiles/Program.cs#CleanUp)]
## <a name="run-the-sample-app"></a>Ausführen der Beispiel-App
1. Drücken Sie STRG+F5, um die *EncodeAndStreamFiles*-App auszuführen.
2. Kopieren Sie eine der Streaming-URLs aus der Konsole.
Dieses Beispiel zeigt die URLs an, die zur Wiedergabe des Videos mit unterschiedlichen Protokollen verwendet werden können:
## <a name="test-the-streaming-url"></a>Testen der Streaming-URL
Um den Stream zu testen, wird in diesem Artikel Azure Media Player verwendet.
> [!NOTE]
> Wenn ein Player auf einer HTTPS-Website gehostet wird, stellen Sie sicher, die URL mit „https“ zu aktualisieren.
1. Öffnen Sie einen Webbrowser, und navigieren Sie zu [https://aka.ms/azuremediaplayer/](https://aka.ms/azuremediaplayer/).
2. Fügen Sie im Feld **URL:** eine der Streaming-URLs ein, die Sie beim Ausführen der App abgerufen haben.
3. Wählen Sie **Player aktualisieren**.
Azure Media Player kann zum Testen verwendet werden, sollte aber nicht in einer Produktionsumgebung zum Einsatz kommen.
## <a name="clean-up-resources"></a>Bereinigen von Ressourcen
Wenn Sie keine Ressourcen in Ihrer Ressourcengruppe mehr benötigen, einschließlich der Media Services und Speicherkonten, die Sie für dieses Tutorial erstellt haben, löschen Sie die zuvor erstellte Ressourcengruppe.
Führen Sie den folgenden CLI-Befehl aus:
```azurecli
az group delete --name amsResourceGroup
```
## <a name="multithreading"></a>Multithreading
Die Azure Media Services v3 SDKs sind nicht threadsicher. Beim Entwickeln einer App mit Multithreading müssen Sie ein neues AzureMediaServicesClient-Objekt pro Thread generieren und verwenden.
## <a name="ask-questions-give-feedback-get-updates"></a>Fragen stellen, Feedback geben, Updates abrufen
Im Artikel [Azure Media Services-Community](media-services-community.md) finden Sie verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Fragen zu stellen, Feedback zu geben und Updates zu Media Services zu bekommen.
## <a name="next-steps"></a>Nächste Schritte
Da Sie nun wissen, wie Sie Ihr Video hochladen, codieren und streamen können, lesen Sie den folgenden Artikel:
> [!div class="nextstepaction"]
> [Analysieren von Videos](analyze-videos-tutorial-with-api.md)
| 89.899543 | 1,032 | 0.807599 | deu_Latn | 0.993171 |
ed41569f993a73a684a224c75c790851ea894505 | 4,406 | md | Markdown | articles/connectors/connectors-create-api-sendgrid.md | changeworld/azure-docs.it- | 34f70ff6964ec4f6f1a08527526e214fdefbe12a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2017-06-06T22:50:05.000Z | 2017-06-06T22:50:05.000Z | articles/connectors/connectors-create-api-sendgrid.md | changeworld/azure-docs.it- | 34f70ff6964ec4f6f1a08527526e214fdefbe12a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 41 | 2016-11-21T14:37:50.000Z | 2017-06-14T20:46:01.000Z | articles/connectors/connectors-create-api-sendgrid.md | changeworld/azure-docs.it- | 34f70ff6964ec4f6f1a08527526e214fdefbe12a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 7 | 2016-11-16T18:13:16.000Z | 2017-06-26T10:37:55.000Z | ---
title: Connettersi a SendGrid da App per la logica di Azure
description: Automatizzare le attività e i flussi di lavoro per l'invio di messaggi di posta elettronica e la gestione delle liste di distribuzione in SendGrid con App per la logica di Azure
services: logic-apps
ms.suite: integration
ms.reviewer: klam, logicappspm
ms.topic: article
ms.date: 08/24/2018
tags: connectors
ms.openlocfilehash: a140ae0f27c61959d8ebc6854c5bcb2a916a0fc6
ms.sourcegitcommit: f28ebb95ae9aaaff3f87d8388a09b41e0b3445b5
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: it-IT
ms.lasthandoff: 03/29/2021
ms.locfileid: "87290436"
---
# <a name="send-emails-and-manage-mailing-lists-in-sendgrid-by-using-azure-logic-apps"></a>Inviare messaggi di posta elettronica e gestire liste di distribuzione in SendGrid con App per la logica di Azure
Con App per la logica di Azure e il connettore SendGrid, è possibile creare attività e flussi di lavoro automatizzati per l'invio di messaggi di posta elettronica e la gestione degli elenchi di destinatari, ad esempio:
* Inviare posta elettronica.
* Aggiungere destinatari alle liste.
* Ottenere, aggiungere e gestire l'eliminazione globale.
È possibile usare azioni di SendGrid nelle app per la logica per eseguire queste attività. È anche possibile fare in modo che altre azioni usino l'output delle azioni di SendGrid.
Questo connettore offre solo azioni, quindi per avviare l'app per la logica, usare un trigger distinto, ad esempio un trigger **Ricorrenza**. Se ad esempio si aggiungono regolarmente destinatari alle liste, è possibile inviare messaggi di posta elettronica su destinatari e liste usando il connettore Office 365 Outlook o Outlook.com.
Se non si ha familiarità con le app per la logica, consultare [Informazioni su App per la logica di Azure](../logic-apps/logic-apps-overview.md)
## <a name="prerequisites"></a>Prerequisiti
* Una sottoscrizione di Azure. Se non si ha una sottoscrizione di Azure, [iscriversi per creare un account Azure gratuito](https://azure.microsoft.com/free/).
* Un [account SendGrid](https://www.sendgrid.com/) e una [chiave API SendGrid](https://sendgrid.com/docs/ui/account-and-settings/api-keys/).
La chiave API autorizza l'app per la logica alla creazione di una connessione e all'accesso all'account SendGrid.
* Conoscenza di base di [come creare le app per la logica](../logic-apps/quickstart-create-first-logic-app-workflow.md)
* L'app per la logica in cui si vuole accedere all'account SendGrid. Per usare un'azione di SendGrid, avviare l'app per la logica con un altro trigger, ad esempio il trigger **Ricorrenza**.
## <a name="connect-to-sendgrid"></a>Connettersi a SendGrid
[!INCLUDE [Create connection general intro](../../includes/connectors-create-connection-general-intro.md)]
1. Accedere al [portale di Azure](https://portal.azure.com) e aprire l'app per la logica in Progettazione app per la logica, se non è già aperta.
1. Scegliere un percorso:
* Nell'ultimo passaggio in cui si vuole aggiungere un'azione, scegliere **Nuovo passaggio**.
-oppure-
* Spostare il puntatore del mouse sulla freccia visualizzata tra i passaggi in cui si vuole aggiungere un'azione.
Scegliere il segno più ( **+** ) visualizzato e quindi selezionare **Aggiungi un'azione**.
1. Nella casella di ricerca immettere "sendgrid" come filtro. Nell'elenco delle azioni selezionare l'azione desiderata.
1. Specificare un nome per la connessione.
1. Immettere la chiave API SendGrid e quindi scegliere **Crea**.
1. Specificare i dettagli necessari per l'azione selezionata e continuare a creare il flusso di lavoro dell'app per la logica.
## <a name="connector-reference"></a>Informazioni di riferimento sui connettori
Per informazioni tecniche su trigger, azioni e limiti, illustrati dalla descrizione OpenAPI (in precedenza Swagger) del connettore, esaminare la [pagina di riferimento](/connectors/sendgrid/) del connettore.
## <a name="get-support"></a>Supporto
* Per domande, visitare la [pagina Microsoft delle domande e risposte per App per la logica di Azure](/answers/topics/azure-logic-apps.html).
* Per votare o inviare idee relative alle funzionalità, visitare il [sito dei commenti e suggerimenti degli utenti di App per la logica](https://aka.ms/logicapps-wish).
## <a name="next-steps"></a>Passaggi successivi
* Informazioni su altri [connettori di App per la logica](../connectors/apis-list.md)
| 57.220779 | 334 | 0.7803 | ita_Latn | 0.997657 |
ed4240491243665329e803843ab40c9362935c4e | 2,349 | md | Markdown | README.md | Sagiri/jumpifsubstituteblocks | 52d490af437a2d0b0e5c6d8090627591b4e66fb5 | [
"BSD-2-Clause"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Sagiri/jumpifsubstituteblocks | 52d490af437a2d0b0e5c6d8090627591b4e66fb5 | [
"BSD-2-Clause"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Sagiri/jumpifsubstituteblocks | 52d490af437a2d0b0e5c6d8090627591b4e66fb5 | [
"BSD-2-Clause"
] | null | null | null | ## JumpIfSubstituteBlocks
Adds a new command for move scripts, `jumpifsubstituteblocks` to Fire Red. Substitute does not block moves that are sound-based or coming from a Pokémon with the ability Infiltrator.
### What do I do before I build this?
If necessary, change `move_cmds` in `constants.s`. The given address of this table is for MrDollSteak's patch, so if it is there, you will not need to modify this. This is the table of commands for move scripts (e.g. `attackcanceler` and `attackstring`).
Update `ATK_JUMPIFSUBSTITUTEBLOCKS` in `constants.s`. It will need an unused move script command id.
Sound-based moves only started bypassing Substitute in Gen VI. If you don't like that change, you can set `SOUND_BYPASSES_SUBSTITUTE` to `false` in `src/global.h`.
Change `ABILITY_INFILTRATOR` in `src/defines/abilities.h` to match what it is in your ROM. You should set this to `0xFFFF` if you don't have Infiltrator in your ROM.
The build script will search for adequate free space, but if you need to insert the code in a particular place, you can tell it where to start looking by modifying `free-space` in `config.ini`. If the given address is acceptable (i.e. is word-aligned and has enough bytes of free space), it will be inserted there.
### How do I build this?
Click [here](scripts/makinoa/README.md) for build instructions.
### What do I do after I build this?
The syntax in your move script is just `jumpifsubstituteblocks ptr`. It'll be stepped over and do nothing if Substitute doesn't block; it it does block, script execution will continue from `ptr`.
In order to use it in BSP, you'll need to add `#command jumpifbattleover ATK_JUMPIFSUBSTITUTEBLOCKS 0x1 "Offset to possibly jump to" 0x4` to BSP's `commands.bsh`. Don't literally include `ATK_JUMPIFSUBSTITUTEBLOCKS` here; replace it with whatever value you chose.
This also patches a number of existing functions that check for the Substitute status so that they instead check if Substitute should block the move instead. However, scripts for moves are untouched and may still check simply for whether Substitute is active (they should be updated to use `jumpifsubstituteblocks` instead).
### Credits
Port of the same command in [Egg's Pokeemerald Battle Engine](https://github.com/DizzyEggg/pokeemerald/blob/battle_engine_v2/src/battle_script_commands.c#L10534). | 75.774194 | 324 | 0.782035 | eng_Latn | 0.997695 |
ed4248bcc7518a1b02199d90c86ed1b6e9abccf4 | 1,804 | md | Markdown | docs/mfc/processing-notification-messages-in-list-controls.md | POMATOpl/cpp-docs.pl-pl | ae1925d41d94142f6a43c4e721d45cbbbfeda4c7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/mfc/processing-notification-messages-in-list-controls.md | POMATOpl/cpp-docs.pl-pl | ae1925d41d94142f6a43c4e721d45cbbbfeda4c7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/mfc/processing-notification-messages-in-list-controls.md | POMATOpl/cpp-docs.pl-pl | ae1925d41d94142f6a43c4e721d45cbbbfeda4c7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
description: 'Dowiedz się więcej o: przetwarzanie komunikatów powiadomień w kontrolkach listy'
title: Przetwarzanie komunikatów powiadomień w kontrolkach listy
ms.date: 11/04/2016
helpviewer_keywords:
- processing notifications [MFC]
- CListCtrl class [MFC], processing notifications
ms.assetid: 1f0e296e-d2a3-48fc-ae38-51d7fb096f51
ms.openlocfilehash: b761f5213a73ce31484a7a252b9b441da2fe154d
ms.sourcegitcommit: d6af41e42699628c3e2e6063ec7b03931a49a098
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: pl-PL
ms.lasthandoff: 12/11/2020
ms.locfileid: "97154802"
---
# <a name="processing-notification-messages-in-list-controls"></a>Przetwarzanie komunikatów powiadomień w kontrolkach listy
Gdy użytkownicy klikają nagłówki kolumn, przeciągają ikony, edytują etykiety i tak dalej, formant listy ([CListCtrl](../mfc/reference/clistctrl-class.md)) wysyła komunikaty powiadomień do okna nadrzędnego. Obsługuj te komunikaty, jeśli chcesz zrobić coś w odpowiedzi. Na przykład, gdy użytkownik kliknie nagłówek kolumny, możesz chcieć posortować elementy na podstawie zawartości klikniętej kolumny, tak jak w programie Microsoft Outlook.
Przetwarzaj komunikaty WM_NOTIFY z kontrolki listy w oknie widok lub Klasa okna dialogowego. Użyj [kreatora klas](reference/mfc-class-wizard.md) , aby utworzyć funkcję procedury obsługi [OnChildNotify](../mfc/reference/cwnd-class.md#onchildnotify) za pomocą instrukcji switch na podstawie tego, który komunikat powiadomienia jest obsługiwany.
Aby uzyskać listę powiadomień wysyłanych przez formant listy do okna nadrzędnego, zobacz temat informacje o [kontrolce widoku listy](/windows/win32/Controls/list-view-control-reference) w Windows SDK.
## <a name="see-also"></a>Zobacz też
[Korzystanie z CListCtrl](../mfc/using-clistctrl.md)<br/>
[Formanty](../mfc/controls-mfc.md)
| 64.428571 | 438 | 0.817073 | pol_Latn | 0.996525 |
ed425286e1e8ad392beeb2f05bf7ad33e3cf841e | 15,680 | md | Markdown | stable/aws-load-balancer-controller/README.md | avielb/eks-charts | f634a86ea2ac5615c4139a6c1b010b8e71abdc72 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | stable/aws-load-balancer-controller/README.md | avielb/eks-charts | f634a86ea2ac5615c4139a6c1b010b8e71abdc72 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | stable/aws-load-balancer-controller/README.md | avielb/eks-charts | f634a86ea2ac5615c4139a6c1b010b8e71abdc72 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | # AWS Load Balancer Controller
AWS Load Balancer controller Helm chart for Kubernetes
## TL;DR:
```sh
helm repo add eks https://aws.github.io/eks-charts
kubectl apply -k "github.com/aws/eks-charts/stable/aws-load-balancer-controller//crds?ref=master"
helm install eks/aws-load-balancer-controller
```
## Introduction
AWS Load Balancer controller manages the following AWS resources
- Application Load Balancers to satisfy Kubernetes ingress objects
- Network Load Balancers in IP mode to satisfy Kubernetes service objects of type LoadBalancer with NLB IP mode annotation
## Security updates
**Note**: Deployed chart does not receive security updates automatically. You need to manually upgrade to a newer chart.
## Prerequisites
- Kubernetes 1.9+ for ALB, 1.20+ for NLB IP mode, or EKS 1.18
- IAM permissions
The controller runs on the worker nodes, so it needs access to the AWS ALB/NLB resources via IAM permissions. The
IAM permissions can either be setup via IAM roles for ServiceAccount or can be attached directly to the worker node IAM roles.
#### Setup IAM for ServiceAccount
1. Create IAM OIDC provider
```
eksctl utils associate-iam-oidc-provider \
--region <aws-region> \
--cluster <your-cluster-name> \
--approve
```
1. Download IAM policy for the AWS Load Balancer Controller
```
curl -o iam-policy.json https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/main/docs/install/iam_policy.json
```
1. Create an IAM policy called AWSLoadBalancerControllerIAMPolicy
```
aws iam create-policy \
--policy-name AWSLoadBalancerControllerIAMPolicy \
--policy-document file://iam-policy.json
```
Take note of the policy ARN that is returned
1. Create a IAM role and ServiceAccount for the Load Balancer controller, use the ARN from the step above
```
eksctl create iamserviceaccount \
--cluster=<cluster-name> \
--namespace=kube-system \
--name=aws-load-balancer-controller \
--attach-policy-arn=arn:aws:iam::<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:policy/AWSLoadBalancerControllerIAMPolicy \
--approve
```
#### Setup IAM manually
If not setting up IAM for ServiceAccount, apply the IAM policies from the following URL at minimum.
```
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-alb-ingress-controller/main/docs/install/iam_policy.json
```
#### Upgrading from ALB ingress controller
If migrating from ALB ingress controller, grant [additional IAM permissions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-load-balancer-controller/main/docs/install/iam_policy_v1_to_v2_additional.json).
## Installing the Chart
**Note**: You need to uninstall aws-alb-ingress-controller. Please refer to the [upgrade](#Upgrade) section below before you proceed.
Add the EKS repository to Helm:
```shell script
helm repo add eks https://aws.github.io/eks-charts
```
Install the TargetGroupBinding CRDs:
```shell script
kubectl apply -k "github.com/aws/eks-charts/stable/aws-load-balancer-controller//crds?ref=master"
```
Install the AWS Load Balancer controller, if using iamserviceaccount
```shell script
# NOTE: The clusterName value must be set either via the values.yaml or the Helm command line. The <k8s-cluster-name> in the command
# below should be replaced with name of your k8s cluster before running it.
helm upgrade -i aws-load-balancer-controller eks/aws-load-balancer-controller -n kube-system --set clusterName=<k8s-cluster-name> --set serviceAccount.create=false --set serviceAccount.name=aws-load-balancer-controller
```
Install the AWS Load Balancer controller, if not using iamserviceaccount
```shell script
helm upgrade -i aws-load-balancer-controller eks/aws-load-balancer-controller -n kube-system --set clusterName=<k8s-cluster-name>
```
## Upgrade
The new controller is backwards compatible with the existing ingress objects. However, it will not coexist with the older aws-alb-ingress-controller.
The old controller must be uninstalled completely before installing the new version.
### Kubectl installation
If you had installed the previous version via kubectl, uninstall as follows
```shell script
$ kubectl delete deployment -n kube-system alb-ingress-controller
# Find the version of the current controller
$ kubectl describe deployment -n kube-system alb-ingress-controller |grep Image
Image: docker.io/amazon/aws-alb-ingress-controller:v1.1.8
# In this case, the version is v1.1.8, the rbac roles can be removed as follows
$ kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-alb-ingress-controller/v1.1.8/docs/examples/rbac-role.yaml
```
### Helm installation
If you had installed the incubator/aws-alb-ingress-controller Helm chart, uninstall as follows
```shell script
# NOTE: If installed under a different chart name and namespace, please specify as appropriate
$ helm delete aws-alb-ingress-controller -n kube-system
```
If you had installed the 0.1.x version of eks-charts/aws-load-balancer-controller chart earlier, the upgrade to chart version 1.0.0 will
not work due to incompatibility of the webhook api version, uninstall as follows
```shell script
$ helm delete aws-load-balancer-controller -n kube-system
```
## Uninstalling the Chart
```sh
helm delete aws-load-balancer-controller -n kube-system
```
## Configuration
The following tables lists the configurable parameters of the chart and their default values.
The default values set by the application itself can be confirmed [here](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/aws-load-balancer-controller/guide/controller/configurations/).
| Parameter | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `image.repository` | image repository | `602401143452.dkr.ecr.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/amazon/aws-load-balancer-controller` |
| `image.tag` | image tag | `<VERSION>` |
| `image.pullPolicy` | image pull policy | `IfNotPresent` |
| `clusterName` | Kubernetes cluster name | None |
| `securityContext` | Set to security context for pod | `{}` |
| `resources` | Controller pod resource requests & limits | `{}` |
| `priorityClassName` | Controller pod priority class | None |
| `nodeSelector` | Node labels for controller pod assignment | `{}` |
| `tolerations` | Controller pod toleration for taints | `{}` |
| `affinity` | Affinity for pod assignment | `{}` |
| `podAnnotations` | Annotations to add to each pod | `{}` |
| `podLabels` | Labels to add to each pod | `{}` |
| `rbac.create` | if `true`, create and use RBAC resources | `true` |
| `serviceAccount.annotations` | optional annotations to add to service account | None |
| `serviceAccount.create` | If `true`, create a new service account | `true` |
| `serviceAccount.name` | Service account to be used | None |
| `terminationGracePeriodSeconds` | Time period for controller pod to do a graceful shutdown | 10 |
| `ingressClass` | The ingress class to satisfy | alb |
| `region` | The AWS region for the kubernetes cluster | None |
| `vpcId` | The VPC ID for the Kubernetes cluster | None |
| `awsMaxRetries` | Maximum retries for AWS APIs | None |
| `enablePodReadinessGateInject` | If enabled, targetHealth readiness gate will get injected to the pod spec for the matching endpoint pods | None |
| `enableShield` | Enable Shield addon for ALB | None |
| `enableWaf` | Enable WAF addon for ALB | None |
| `enableWafv2` | Enable WAF V2 addon for ALB | None |
| `ingressMaxConcurrentReconciles` | Maximum number of concurrently running reconcile loops for ingress | None |
| `logLevel` | Set the controller log level - info, debug | None |
| `metricsBindAddr` | The address the metric endpoint binds to | "" |
| `webhookBindPort` | The TCP port the Webhook server binds to | None |
| `serviceMaxConcurrentReconciles` | Maximum number of concurrently running reconcile loops for service | None |
| `targetgroupbindingMaxConcurrentReconciles` | Maximum number of concurrently running reconcile loops for targetGroupBinding | None |
| `syncPeriod` | Period at which the controller forces the repopulation of its local object stores | None |
| `watchNamespace` | Namespace the controller watches for updates to Kubernetes objects, If empty, all namespaces are watche | None |
| `livenessProbe` | Liveness probe settings for the controller | (see `values.yaml`) |
| `env` | Environment variables to set for aws-load-balancer-controller pod | None |
| `hostNetwork` | If `true`, use hostNetwork | `false` |
| `extraVolumeMounts` | Extra volume mounts for the pod | `[]` |
| `extraVolumes` | Extra volumes for the pod | `[]` |
| `defaultTags` | Default tags to apply to all AWS resources managed by this controller | `{}` |
| `podDisruptionBudget` | PodDisruptionBudget | `{}` |
| 92.781065 | 239 | 0.415625 | eng_Latn | 0.842786 |
ed425d0327af20c6c6e8b94a58e4ddd1354b9baf | 180 | md | Markdown | docs/index.md | adbidwai/handbook | 55ffc7db9e5ff318b623a0944bfe7575e5dacbb9 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-08-16T20:04:06.000Z | 2020-08-16T20:04:06.000Z | docs/index.md | adbidwai/handbook | 55ffc7db9e5ff318b623a0944bfe7575e5dacbb9 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/index.md | adbidwai/handbook | 55ffc7db9e5ff318b623a0944bfe7575e5dacbb9 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # The ERC Handbook
Welcome!
The ERC Handbook is an extensive compilation of information and resources for everything robotics made by the Electronics and Robotics Club, BITS Goa
| 30 | 149 | 0.816667 | eng_Latn | 0.947332 |
ed42670793277576f85e0241ea1254e686ecc7d3 | 17 | md | Markdown | README.md | ma3shi/roulette | 5b37a18bb22497a75e8c63517eb9d34f13ca7cd9 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | ma3shi/roulette | 5b37a18bb22497a75e8c63517eb9d34f13ca7cd9 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | ma3shi/roulette | 5b37a18bb22497a75e8c63517eb9d34f13ca7cd9 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # roulette
ルーレット
| 5.666667 | 10 | 0.764706 | eng_Latn | 0.604311 |
ed42cf786151a7d4ad8f33a7cf0770e06ae6de3a | 2,115 | md | Markdown | interface-elements-for-web/articles/report-designer/use-report-elements/use-gauges-and-sparklines/add-sparklines-to-a-report.md | EugeniaSimonova/dotnet-eud | 98708c83c86a1961cad5fc6741dd901d29037656 | [
"RSA-MD"
] | null | null | null | interface-elements-for-web/articles/report-designer/use-report-elements/use-gauges-and-sparklines/add-sparklines-to-a-report.md | EugeniaSimonova/dotnet-eud | 98708c83c86a1961cad5fc6741dd901d29037656 | [
"RSA-MD"
] | null | null | null | interface-elements-for-web/articles/report-designer/use-report-elements/use-gauges-and-sparklines/add-sparklines-to-a-report.md | EugeniaSimonova/dotnet-eud | 98708c83c86a1961cad5fc6741dd901d29037656 | [
"RSA-MD"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Add Sparklines to a Report
author: Anna Vekhina
---
# Add Sparklines to a Report
## Sparkline Overview
The **Sparkline** control displays a compact chart that is commonly used to illustrate the data flow for every row in a report.
To add this control to the report, drag the **Sparkline** item from the [Toolbox](../../report-designer-tools/toolbox.md) and drop it onto the report.
## Bind the Sparkline to Data
You can connect the sparkline to individual data without accessing a report's data source. Click the **Data Source** property's drop-down list and select the required data source.
The sparkline uses the report's data source if you do not specify the **DataSource** property.
After that, specify the **Data Member** property and set the **Value Member** property to a data field that provides point values for the sparkline.
To create a new data source for a sparkline, click **Add Data Source...** in the [Menu](../../report-designer-tools/menu.md). This invokes the [Data Source Wizard](../../report-designer-tools/data-source-wizard.md) that allows you to set up a required data source.
## Adjust the Sparkline View
The sparkline supports the **Line**, **Area**, **Bar** and **WinLoss** view types.
The **View** property provides access to options that change the sparkline's appearance.
Each view type has properties that define the extreme values' visibility:
* **Highlight Start Point** and **Highlight End Point**;
* **Highlight Min Point** and **Highlight Max Point**.
Specific properties differ between view types, such as the **Highlight Negative Points** setting that is available only for the **Bar** sparkline.
The following image illustrates a [table report](../../create-popular-reports/create-a-table-report.md) containing sparklines that provide maximum and minimum value indicators in their data range:
 | 50.357143 | 264 | 0.736643 | eng_Latn | 0.965998 |
ed42fbc63945c8673ab78cf50538e1efa456cb47 | 560 | md | Markdown | contribute.md | information-safety/information-safety.github.io | b5006c2da4664470646b998e4b164fc92d6b0bf1 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2015-11-21T22:19:09.000Z | 2018-02-09T19:02:26.000Z | contribute.md | information-safety/information-safety.github.io | b5006c2da4664470646b998e4b164fc92d6b0bf1 | [
"MIT"
] | 18 | 2015-11-22T17:14:36.000Z | 2021-11-28T15:13:13.000Z | contribute.md | information-safety/information-safety.github.io | b5006c2da4664470646b998e4b164fc92d6b0bf1 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
layout: page
title: Contribute
---
If you'd like to contribute to this website, you can [fork](https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/fork-a-repo) the `https://github.com/information-safety/information-safety.github.io` [repository](https://github.com/information-safety/information-safety.github.io), add your content and and issue a [pull request](https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-pull-requests).
You can also join the [LinkedIn Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8431965/).
| 70 | 437 | 0.775 | eng_Latn | 0.580353 |
ed43215933d7156326a9d95aae900a63af7fa231 | 14,478 | md | Markdown | 2SuperOXO/ch4.md | mseyne/superporwers-tutorials | e952dbbd46744b4b1006013bd8cce0010b1a4c1e | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 55 | 2016-02-12T14:01:01.000Z | 2021-02-04T19:43:00.000Z | 2SuperOXO/ch4.md | mseyne/superporwers-tutorials | e952dbbd46744b4b1006013bd8cce0010b1a4c1e | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 10 | 2016-02-11T20:55:49.000Z | 2021-05-31T10:21:15.000Z | 2SuperOXO/ch4.md | mseyne/superporwers-tutorials | e952dbbd46744b4b1006013bd8cce0010b1a4c1e | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 15 | 2016-03-08T04:54:24.000Z | 2021-03-23T15:21:26.000Z | # SUPERPOWERS TUTORIAL #2 SUPER OXO
## *Chapter 4 : Writing the Computer response, Game logic part 2*
### Algorithm of a simple computer AI
What do we want from the computer and what does it mean in our case to create an
artificial intelligence ? Don't worry, it is not as difficult than it appear, in
fact we call here AI the fact that our program will check the behavior of the player
and the global situation before to take any action instead of just automatically
giving the same response to any situation.
To be more precise, each time the computer will have a turn, it will check the board
and the situation of each square and act accordingly to assure it's own victory.
The script consist of a little algorithm. It is differents conditions like step
than the computer will follow and check until it find the most appropriate response.
Here what the algorithm looks like in english :
By checking the game board, the computer should be able to know :
* If there is a way to win the game this turn.
* And if yes, just play to win.
* Else if there is no way to win, but the player is going to win the next turn.
* If yes, then play to block the player.
* Else if there is no way to win or no danger from the player then let's play.
* If there is still a free square on the board
* If yes, let's play the center square, I like it the best :)
* If there is no center free, let's play one of the corner square, That sound nice :)
* If there is no corner free either, let's play a side square, I take what left :(
* If there is no free square on the board, I guess the game is finished
### Scripting the computer behavior
There is one important data to give to the computer in a way to help the checking
process is what it mean to be victorious. We have to give to the computer what to
achieve in the game to use it like a reference. For this, we need to write a constant
that will contain all the victory lines in a Tic Tac Toe game.
Simply put, here the **VICTORIES** constant than we add in our global script.
```TypeScript
// All the victory lines position index that will be used for checking
const VICTORIES = [
// Rows
[0, 1, 2],
[3, 4, 5],
[6, 7, 8],
// Columns
[0, 3, 6],
[1, 4, 7],
[2, 5, 8],
// Diagonals
[0, 4, 8],
[2, 4, 6],
];
[…]
```
*Note : It is an Array of arrays, each array is a victory line and give the three
index position of each square to get to be victorious.*
Now we can start to write in code our algorithm. What we want first is a function
that check the board and return datas that could be used to take a decision.
We add a new function **checkBoard** in the Game namespace of the Global script.
```TypeScript
[…]
// function checking the board SQUARES and return [Action, Array]
function checkBoard(){
let crossCount : number = 0;
let circleCount : number = 0;
let freeSquare;
let line; let index;
let win;
let block;
// loop through all the line in VICTORIES
for(line of VICTORIES){
// loop through all the index position in line
for(index of line){
/*
Check the situation of square from index
- if there is a cross, increment crossCount
- if there is a circle, increment circleCount
- else we keep track of it as a free square
*/
if(SQUARES[index][1] == "cross"){
crossCount++
}
else if(SQUARES[index][1] == "circle"){
circleCount++
}
else{
freeSquare = SQUARES[index];
}
}
// Check is there if a winning line for computer
if(circleCount == 2 && crossCount == 0){
win = ["Win", freeSquare];
}
// Check is there is a winning line for player
if(crossCount == 2 && circleCount == 0){
block = ["Block", freeSquare];
}
// Reset counts for new line check
crossCount = 0;
circleCount = 0;
}
// Return datas by order of priority
if(win){
return win;
}
else if(block){
return block;
}
else{
return ["Play", undefined];
}
}
[…]
```
We then write a second function **computerTurn** (exported to access it from outside
the namespace) which is the steps conditions that will return a response from the computer.
This function will call first the checkBoard as a support to get informations needed before
to check what is the response to give back to the player accordingly to the datas.
Here the basic structure of the function :
```TypeScript
[…]
export function computerTurn(){
// Call the function checkBoard which return [Action, Array]
let check = checkBoard();
/*
The computer follow the conditions as follow :
- if the situation is Win, then play the freeSquare
- else if the situation is Block, then play the freeSquare
- else if the situation is Play, then we enter to a new branch of conditions :
- if the center is free, then take it
- else if one corner is free, then take it
- else if one one side is free, then take it
- else, the game is finished
*/
if(check[0] == "Win"){
Sup.log("I play to win.");
}
else if(check[0] == "Block"){
Sup.log("I play to block.")
}
else if(check[0] == "Play"){
if(false){
Sup.log("I play the center.");
}
else if(false){
Sup.log("I play a corner.");
}
else if(true){
Sup.log("I play a side.");
}
else{
Sup.log("The game is finished.")
}
}
}
[…]
```
To be able to check if the computerTurn and checkBoard functions work fine we need
to make some change inside the Player script when the player play by clicking on a
square and initialize the computer turn. We replace the Sup.log in the gameTurn()
method by a call for the function **Game.computerTurn()**.
Here the method once we changed it :
```TypeScript
[…]
gameTurn(){
// change to computer turn
turn = "circle";
// Call for the computer turn
Game.computerTurn();
// change to player turn
turn = "cross";
}
[…]
```
We have now the complete structure of the computer turn minus the part when the
situation is Play for the computer and there is no change in the SQUARES board,
which make the game incomplete and illogical.
Right now, it is already possible to test the computer turn in the console log
but not completely, because the computer only say 'I play to block' if the player
is about to win or say 'I play a side' because for demonstration we set it up this
condition true by default.
We need to write more to complete the computer turn condition checking, let's
focus now on the part where the game situation is 'Play'.
We have three conditions, let see them one by one.
1. if the center is free we take it (we know than the index of the center is 4)
```TypeScript
[…]
else if(check[0] == "Play"){
if(SQUARES[4][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[4][1] !== "circle"){
Sup.log("I play the center.");
}
[…]
```
2. else if there is free corner (we know than corners are index 0, 2, 6 and 8)
```TypeScript
[…]
else if(
SQUARES[0][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[0][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[2][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[2][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[6][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[6][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[8][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[8][1] !== "circle"
){
Sup.log("I play a corner.");
}
[…]
```
3. else if there is free side (we know than sides are index 1, 3, 5 and 7)
```TypeScript
[…]
else if(
SQUARES[1][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[1][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[3][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[3][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[5][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[5][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[7][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[7][1] !== "circle"
){
Sup.log("I play a side.");
}
[…]
```
We have now all our conditions ready. We can now finish the function computerTurn
by returning the correct square and apply the change on it.
We first need to define a new function getSquare in the namespace Game, we will
use it to get a free square from an array of index when we want specifically check
for a free corner or a free side square.
```TypeScript
[…]
// function that return a square that is free to play
function getSquare(array){
let index;
let freeSquares = new Array;
/*
Loop that check the array index in SQUARES
and if the square is free to take, add it to the array freeSquares
*/
for(index of array){
if(SQUARES[index][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[index][1] !== "circle"){
freeSquares.push(SQUARES[index]);
}
}
// then take randomly one the square from freeSquares and return it
let randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * freeSquares.length);
return freeSquares[randomIndex];
}
[…]
```
We also define a new function **playSquare** which take a square as a parameter. It's purpose
is simply to modify the situation and the sprite rendering when the computer call for it.
```TypeScript
[…]
function playSquare(square){
// apply change on the actor and change the situation to circle
square[0].spriteRenderer.setAnimation("circle");
square[1] = "circle";
}
[…]
```
We can now call the function playSquare with the related square each time our condition
is true in the computerTurn function.
Here the (nearly) completed computerTurn function :
*Note : we replaced all the Sup.log by the function calls*
```TypeScript
[…]
export function computerTurn(){
// Call the function checkBoard which return an array [Situation, freeSquare]
let check = checkBoard();
/*
The computer follow the conditions as follow :
- if the situation is Win, then play the freeSquare
- else if the situation is Block, then play the freeSquare
- else if the situation is Play, then we enter to a new branch of conditions :
- if the center is free, then take it
- else if one corner is free, then take it
- else if one one side is free, then take it
- else, the game is finished
*/
if(check[0] == "Win"){
playSquare(check[1]);
}
else if(check[0] == "Block"){
playSquare(check[1]);
}
else if(check[0] == "Play"){
if(SQUARES[4][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[4][1] !== "circle"){
playSquare(SQUARES[4]);
}
else if(
SQUARES[0][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[0][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[2][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[2][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[6][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[6][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[8][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[8][1] !== "circle"
){
playSquare(getSquare([0, 2, 6, 8]));
}
else if(
SQUARES[1][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[1][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[3][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[3][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[5][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[5][1] !== "circle" ||
SQUARES[7][1] !== "cross" && SQUARES[7][1] !== "circle"
){
playSquare(getSquare([1, 3, 5, 7]));
}
else{
Sup.log("The game is finished.")
}
}
// end of computer turn, change to player turn
turn = "cross";
}
[…]
```
The computer now play against the player, it use the checkBoard to understand the
situation and respond accordingly. The AI is now complete.
The game right now have still one issue, it is never ending, it just continue when
there is a winner or the board is filled. We need now to write a function that will check the end of game.
## Scripting the victory checking
At this point, the game work, we can play with the mouse and the computer can respond.
We want now than the game detect and tell us if the player or the computer won the game and stop the game turns.
We now write the **checkVictory()** function (exported) as follow (see comments for explanation) :
```TypeScript
[…]
export function checkVictory(){
//set the variables
let countCross: number = 0;
let countCircle: number = 0;
let countFreeSquares: number = 0;
let line: number[];
let index: number;
/*
We loop through the victory lines to check this conditions for each square:
- if the square is hovered by a cross, increment countCross
- else if the square is hovered by a circle, increment countCircle
- else, count it a a free square in the countFreeSquares variable
For each line checked, we then look for this conditions :
- if there is 3 cross counted, then player won
- if there is 3 circle counted, then computer won
At the end of the loop, if countFreeSquares is still 0 and no victory is announced,
then it is a tie.
*/
//loop
for(line of VICTORIES){
for(index of line){
if(SQUARES[index][1] == "cross"){
countCross++
}
else if(SQUARES[index][1] == "circle"){
countCircle++
}
else{
countFreeSquares++
}
}
if(countCross == 3){
Sup.log("Player won !");
turn = "end";
}
if(countCircle == 3){
Sup.log("Computer won !");
turn = "end";
}
// reset count to 0 for new line to check
countCross = 0;
countCircle = 0;
}
// end of loop
if(countFreeSquares == 0){
Sup.log("It is a tie !");
turn = "end";
}
}
[…]
```
We need to change one more time the gameTurn method in the Player Script to call
our function checkVictory to each turn and stop or continue the turns according to the results of the function.
```TypeScript
[…]
gameTurn(){
// check if player won
Game.checkVictory();
// change to computer turn if game not ended
if(turn !== "end"){
turn = "circle";
// Call for the computer turn
Game.computerTurn();
// check if computer won
Game.checkVictory();
// change to player turn if game not ended
if(turn !== "end"){
turn = "cross";
}
}
}
[…]
```
The game is finished, we can play the full game, the player can choose where to play,
the computer can respond and one can win the game or have together a tie.
Sometimes, it is good to polish the overall game feeling by adding some enhancing features.
It is what we will do in the last chapter.
| 30.673729 | 112 | 0.629852 | eng_Latn | 0.998502 |
ed43717f56e9950ac2d1af00bb2d1e5417844e3f | 18,899 | md | Markdown | README.md | martinxyz/flamegraph | d1f78a9e2a8e0d18c40564feb13d6a07a6794d85 | [
"Apache-2.0",
"MIT"
] | 577 | 2019-03-13T17:02:14.000Z | 2020-01-05T23:38:48.000Z | README.md | martinxyz/flamegraph | d1f78a9e2a8e0d18c40564feb13d6a07a6794d85 | [
"Apache-2.0",
"MIT"
] | 45 | 2019-03-13T21:23:50.000Z | 2019-12-26T11:18:58.000Z | README.md | martinxyz/flamegraph | d1f78a9e2a8e0d18c40564feb13d6a07a6794d85 | [
"Apache-2.0",
"MIT"
] | 29 | 2019-03-14T09:20:54.000Z | 2019-12-12T17:20:01.000Z | # [cargo-]flamegraph
[](example.svg)
A Rust-powered flamegraph generator with additional support for
Cargo projects! It can be used to profile anything,
not just Rust projects! No perl or pipes required <3
How to use flamegraphs: [what's a flamegraph, and how can I use it to guide systems performance work?](#systems-performance-work-guided-by-flamegraphs)
Relies on perf on linux and dtrace otherwise. Built on top of
[@jonhoo's](https://github.com/jonhoo)
wonderful [Inferno](https://github.com/jonhoo/inferno) all-rust
flamegraph generation library!
Windows is getting [dtrace support](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Windows-Kernel-Internals/DTrace-on-Windows/ba-p/362902), so if you try this out please let us know how it goes :D
**Note**: If you're using lld on Linux, you must use the `--no-rosegment` flag. Otherwise perf will not be able to generate accurate stack traces ([explanation](https://crbug.com/919499#c16)). For example
```toml
[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "/usr/bin/clang"
rustflags = ["-Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=lld", "-Clink-arg=-Wl,--no-rosegment"]
```
## Installation
Requirements on Linux:
#### Debian (x86 and aarch)
```bash
sudo apt install -y linux-perf
```
#### Ubuntu (x86)
Not working on aarch, use a Debian distribution, or make a PR with your solution for Ubuntu
```bash
sudo apt install linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic linux-tools-`uname -r`
```
#### Pop!_OS
```bash
sudo apt install linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic
```
`flamegraph` not `cargo-flamegraph`! (`cargo-flamegraph` is an inactive crate as of March 2019)
```
cargo install flamegraph
```
This will make the `flamegraph` and
`cargo-flamegraph` binaries available in your cargo
binary directory. On most systems this is
usually something like `~/.cargo/bin`.
## Shell auto-completion
At the moment, only `flamegraph` supports auto-completion. Supported shells are `bash`, `fish`, `zsh`, `powershell` and `elvish`.
`cargo-flamegraph` does not support auto-completion because it is not as straight-forward to implement for custom cargo subcommands. See [#153](https://github.com/flamegraph-rs/flamegraph/pull/153) for details.
How you enable auto-completion depends on your shell, e.g.
```bash
flamegraph --completions bash > $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/bash_completion # or /etc/bash_completion.d/
```
## Examples
```
# if you'd like to profile an arbitrary executable:
flamegraph [-o my_flamegraph.svg] /path/to/my/binary --my-arg 5
# NOTE: By default, perf tries to compute which functions are
# inlined at every stack frame for every sample. This can take
# a very long time (see https://github.com/flamegraph-rs/flamegraph/issues/74).
# If you don't want this, you can pass --no-inline to flamegraph:
flamegraph --no-inline [-o my_flamegraph.svg] /path/to/my/binary --my-arg 5
# cargo support provided through the cargo-flamegraph binary!
# defaults to profiling cargo run --release
cargo flamegraph
# by default, `--release` profile is used,
# but you can override this:
cargo flamegraph --dev
# if you'd like to profile a specific binary:
cargo flamegraph --bin=stress2
# if you want to pass arguments as you would with cargo run:
cargo flamegraph -- my-command --my-arg my-value -m -f
# if you want to use interesting perf or dtrace options, use `-c`
# this is handy for correlating things like branch-misses, cache-misses,
# or anything else available via `perf list` or dtrace for your system
cargo flamegraph -c "record -e branch-misses -c 100 --call-graph lbr -g"
# Run criterion benchmark
# Note that the last --bench is required for `criterion 0.3` to run in benchmark mode, instead of test mode.
cargo flamegraph --bench some_benchmark --features some_features -- --bench`
cargo flamegraph --example some_example --features some_features
# Profile unit tests.
# Note that a separating `--` is necessary if `--unit-test` is the last flag.
cargo flamegraph --unit-test -- test::in::package::with::single::crate
cargo flamegraph --unit-test crate_name -- test::in::package::with::multiple:crate
cargo flamegraph --unit-test --dev test::may::omit::separator::if::unit::test::flag::not::last::flag
```
## Usage
`flamegraph` is quite simple. `cargo-flamegraph` is more sophisticated:
```
USAGE:
cargo-flamegraph flamegraph [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] [trailing-arguments]...
FLAGS:
--deterministic Colors are selected such that the color of a function does not change between runs
--dev Build with the dev profile
--flamechart Produce a flame chart (sort by time, do not merge stacks)
-h, --help Prints help information
-i, --inverted Plot the flame graph up-side-down
--no-default-features Disable default features
--open Open the output .svg file with default program
--reverse Generate stack-reversed flame graph
--root Run with root privileges (using `sudo`)
--no-inline Disable inlining for perf script because of performance issues
-V, --version Prints version information
-v, --verbose Print extra output to help debug problems
OPTIONS:
--bench <bench> Benchmark to run
-b, --bin <bin> Binary to run
-c, --cmd <custom-cmd> Custom command for invoking perf/dtrace
--example <example> Example to run
-f, --features <features> Build features to enable
-F, --freq <frequency> Sampling frequency
--image-width <image-width> Image width in pixels
--manifest-path <manifest-path> Path to Cargo.toml
--min-width <FLOAT> Omit functions smaller than <FLOAT> pixels [default: 0.01]
--notes <STRING> Set embedded notes in SVG
-o, --output <output> Output file, flamegraph.svg if not present
-p, --package <package> package with the binary to run
--palette <palette> Color palette [possible values: hot, mem, io, red, green, blue, aqua, yellow,
purple, orange, wakeup, java, perl, js, rust]
--skip-after <FUNCTION> Cut off stack frames below <FUNCTION>; may be repeated [linux only]
--test <test> Test binary to run (currently profiles the test harness and all tests in the
binary)
--unit-test <unit-test> Crate target to unit test, <unit-test> may be omitted if crate only has one
target (currently profiles the test harness and all tests in the binary; test
selection can be passed as trailing arguments after `--` as separator)
ARGS:
<trailing-arguments>... Trailing arguments are passed to the binary being profiled
```
Then open the resulting `flamegraph.svg` with a browser, because most image
viewers do not support interactive svg-files.
## Enabling perf for use by unprivileged users
To enable perf without running as root, you may
lower the `perf_event_paranoid` value in proc
to an appropriate level for your environment.
The most permissive value is `-1` but may not
be acceptable for your security needs etc...
```bash
echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid
```
### DTrace on macOS
On macOS, there is no alternative to running as superuser in order to
enable dtrace. The simplest way is to use `--root`, this way `rustc`
will be run normally but the binary will get run as superuser.
Be aware that if the binary being tested is user-aware, this does
change its behaviour.
## Improving output when running with `--release`
Due to optimizations etc... sometimes the quality
of the information presented in the flamegraph will
suffer when profiling release builds.
To counter this to some extent, you may either set the following in your
`Cargo.toml` file:
```
[profile.release]
debug = true
```
Or set the environment variable [CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_DEBUG=true](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/config.html#profilenamedebug).
Please note that tests, unit tests and benchmarks use the `bench` profile in release mode (see [here](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html#profile-selection)).
## Usage with benchmarks
In order to perf existing benchmarks, you should set up a few configs.
Set the following in your `Cargo.toml` file to run benchmarks:
```
[profile.bench]
debug = true
```
## Use custom paths for perf and dtrace
If `PERF` or `DTRACE` environment variable is set,
it'll be used as corresponding tool command.
For example, to use `perf` from `~/bin`:
```bash
env PERF=~/bin/perf flamegraph /path/to/my/binary
```
# Systems Performance Work Guided By Flamegraphs
Flamegraphs are used to visualize where time is being spent
in your program. Many times per second, the threads in a
program are interrupted and the current location in your
code (based on the thread's instruction pointer) is recorded,
along with the chain of functions that were called to get there.
This is called stack sampling. These samples are then
processed and stacks that share common functions are
added together. Then an SVG is generated showing the
call stacks that were measured, widened to the proportion
of all stack samples that contained them.
The **y-axis** shows the stack depth number. When looking at a
flamegraph, the main function of your program will be closer to
the bottom, and the called functions will be stacked on top,
with the functions that they call stacked on top of them, etc...
The **x-axis** spans all of the samples. It does *not* show the
passing of time from left to right. The left to right ordering
has no meaning.
The **width** of each box shows the total time that that
function is on the CPU or is part of the call stack. If a
function's box is wider than others, that means that it consumes
more CPU per execution than other functions, or that it is
called more than other functions.
The **color** of each box isn't significant, and is chosen at
random.
Flamegraphs are good for visualizing where the most
expensive parts of your program are at runtime,
which is wonderful because...
## Humans are terrible at guessing about performance!
Especially people who come to Rust from C and C++ will
often over-optimize things in code that LLVM is able to
optimize away on its own. It's always better to write
Rust in a clear and obvious way, before beginning
micro-optimizations, allocation-minimization, etc...
Lots of things that would seem like they would have terrible
performance are actually cheap or free in Rust. Closures
are fast. Initialization on the stack before moving
to a `Box` is often compiled away. Clones are often
compiled away. So, `clone()` away instead of fighting
for too long to get the compiler to be happy about
ownership!
Then make a flamegraph to see if any of that was
actually expensive.
## Flamegraphs Are the Beginning, Not the End
Flamegraphs show you the things that are taking up time, but they
are a sampling technique to be used for high-level and initial
looks at the system under measurement. They are great for finding
the things to look into more closely, and often it will be
obvious how to improve something based on its flamegraph, but
they are really more for choosing the target to perform optimization
on than an optimization measurement tool in itself. They are
coarse-grained, and difficult to diff (although
[this may be supported soon](https://github.com/jonhoo/inferno/issues/62)).
Also, because flamegraphs are based on the proportion of total time
that something takes, if you accidentally make something else
really slow, it will show all other things as smaller on the flamegraph,
even though the entire program runtime is much slower, the items you
were hoping to optimize look smaller.
It is a good idea to use Flamegraphs to figure out what you want to
optimize, and then set up a measurement environment that allows
you to determine that an improvement has actually happened.
* use flamegraphs to find a set of optimization targets
* create benchmarks for these optimization targets, and if
appropriate use something like cachegrind and cg_diff to
[measure cpu instructions](https://github.com/spacejam/sled/blob/d521c510c3b8a7e02b8602d6db6a7701b51bd33b/hack/instructions#L26)
and diff them against the previous version.
* Measuring CPU instructions is often better than measuring the time it takes
to run a workload in many cases, because it's possible that a
background task on your machine ran and caused something to slow down
in terms of physical time, but if you actually made an implementation
faster, it is likely to have a stronger correlation with reduced total
CPU instructions.
* Time spent on the CPU is not the full picture, as time is spent
waiting for IO to complete as well, which does not get accounted
with tools like perf that only measure what's consuming time
on the CPU. Check out [Brendan Gregg's article on Off-Cpu
Accounting](http://www.brendangregg.com/offcpuanalysis.html)
for more information about this!
## Performance Theory 101: Basics of Quantitative Engineering
* Use realistic workloads on realistic hardware, or your data doesn't
necessarily correspond very much with what will be happening in production
* All of our guesses are wrong to some extent, so we have to measure
the effects of our work. Often the simple code that doesn't seem
like it should be fast is actually way faster than code that looks
optimized. We need to measure our optimizations to make sure that we
didn't make our code both harder to read AND slower.
* Measure before you change anything, and save the results
in a safe place! Many profiling tools will overwrite their old output
when you run them again, so make sure you take care to save the
data before you begin so that you can compare before and after.
* Take measurements on a warmed up machine that isn't doing anything
else, and has had time to cool off from the last workload.
CPUs will fall asleep and drop into power-saving modes when idle,
and they will also throttle if they get too hot (sometimes SIMD
can cause things to run slower because it heats things up so much
that the core has to throttle).
## Performance Theory 202: USE Method
The USE Method is a way to very quickly locate performance
problems while minimizing discovery efforts. It's more about
finding production issues than flamegraphs directly, but it's
a great technique to have in your toolbox if you are going to
be doing performance triage, and flamegraphs can be helpful
for identifying the components to then drill down into queue
analysis for.
Everything in a computer can be thought of as a resource
with a queue in front of it, which can serve one or more
requests at a time. The various systems in our computers
and programs can do a certain amount of work over time
before requests start to pile up and wait in a line
until they are able to be serviced.
Some resources can handle more and more work without degrading
in performance until they hit their maximum utilization point.
Network devices can be thought of as working in this way to
a large extent. Other resources start to saturate long before
they hit their maximum utilization point, like disks.
Disks (especially spinning disks, but even SSDs) will do more and
more work if you allow more work to queue up until they hit their
maximum throughput for a workload, but the latency per request
will go up before it hits 100% utilization because the disk will
take longer before it can begin servicing each request. Tuning disk
performance often involves measuring the various IO queue depths to
make sure they are high enough to get nice throughput but not so
high that latency becomes undesirable.
Anyway, nearly everything in our systems can be broken down
to be analyzed based on 3 high-level characteristics:
* **Utilization** is the amount of time the system under
measurement is actually doing useful work servicing a request,
and can be measured as the percent of available time spent servicing
requests
* **Saturation** is when requests have to wait before being
serviced. This can be measured as the queue depth over time
* **Errors** are when things start to fail, like when queues
are no longer able to accept any new requests - like when a TCP connection
is rejected because the system's TCP backlog is already full of
connections that have not yet been accept'ed by the userspace
program.
This forms the necessary background to start applying the USE Method
to locate the performance-related issue in your complex system!
The approach is:
1. Enumerate the various resources that might be behaving poorly - maybe by creating a
flamegraph and looking for functions that are taking more of the total runtime than expected
1. Pick one of them
1. (Errors) Check for errors like TCP connection failures, other IO failures, bad things in logs etc...
1. (Utilization) Measure the utilization of the system and see if its throughput is approaching
the known maximum, or the point that it is known to experience saturation
1. (Saturation) Is saturation actually happening? Are requests waiting in lines before being serviced?
Is latency going up while throughput is staying the same?
These probing questions serve as a piercing flashlight for
rapidly identifying the underlying issue most of the time.
If you want to learn more about this, check out Brendan Gregg's
[blog post](http://www.brendangregg.com/usemethod.html) on it.
I tend to recommend that anyone who is becoming an SRE should
make Brendan's
[Systems Performance](http://www.brendangregg.com/sysperfbook.html)
book one of the first things they read to understand how to
measure these things quickly in production systems.
The USE Method derives from an area of study called
[queue theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theory)
which has had a huge impact on the world of computing,
as well as many other logistical endeavors that humans
have undertaken.
## Performance Laws
If you want to drill more into theory, know the law(s)!
* [Universal Law of Scalability](http://www.perfdynamics.com/Manifesto/USLscalability.html)
is about the relationship between concurrency gains, queuing and coordination costs
* [Amdahl's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law)
is about the theoretical maximum gain that can be made for a workload by parallelization.
* [Little's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law)
is a deceptively simple law with some subtle implications from queue theory
that allows us to reason about appropriate queue lengths for our systems
| 44.573113 | 210 | 0.746706 | eng_Latn | 0.998413 |
ed43d6eb73e20d3682948f4c852cbf187840be43 | 80 | md | Markdown | README.md | janostudio/requirejs-quick-start | 0568f8c6bb72a23fb5baea26e235b49e25a16a0d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | janostudio/requirejs-quick-start | 0568f8c6bb72a23fb5baea26e235b49e25a16a0d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | janostudio/requirejs-quick-start | 0568f8c6bb72a23fb5baea26e235b49e25a16a0d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # requirejs-quick-start
**requireJs + r.js**
基于requirejs搭建的快速开发项目，单页面前端应用。
| 11.428571 | 29 | 0.725 | eng_Latn | 0.289955 |
ed43de2b439d1e27bee4797baca91c215861551d | 4,084 | md | Markdown | treebanks/et_edt/et_edt-dep-goeswith.md | sylvainkahane/docs | 50340ae2af8009c020a3d048ddc40c593a44d268 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | treebanks/et_edt/et_edt-dep-goeswith.md | sylvainkahane/docs | 50340ae2af8009c020a3d048ddc40c593a44d268 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | treebanks/et_edt/et_edt-dep-goeswith.md | sylvainkahane/docs | 50340ae2af8009c020a3d048ddc40c593a44d268 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | ---
layout: base
title: 'Statistics of goeswith in UD_Estonian-EDT'
udver: '2'
---
## Treebank Statistics: UD_Estonian-EDT: Relations: `goeswith`
This relation is universal.
72 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as `goeswith`.
72 instances of `goeswith` (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.5.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with `goeswith`: <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt> (20; 28% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt> (14; 19% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-SYM.html">SYM</a></tt> (14; 19% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-SYM.html">SYM</a></tt> (11; 15% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt> (2; 3% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-ADJ.html">ADJ</a></tt> (2; 3% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt> (2; 3% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NUM.html">NUM</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-X.html">X</a></tt> (2; 3% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-PROPN.html">PROPN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-X.html">X</a></tt> (2; 3% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-NOUN.html">NOUN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-X.html">X</a></tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-PROPN.html">PROPN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-PROPN.html">PROPN</a></tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt><a href="et_edt-pos-PROPN.html">PROPN</a></tt>-<tt><a href="et_edt-pos-SYM.html">SYM</a></tt> (1; 1% instances).
~~~ conllu
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 goeswith color:blue
1 Mõõtmed mõõde NOUN S Case=Nom|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
2 : : PUNCT Z _ 1 punct _ _
3 148 148 NUM N NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 nummod _ _
4 x x X Y Abbr=Yes 3 goeswith _ _
5 59 59 NUM N NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 goeswith _ _
6 x x X Y Abbr=Yes 3 goeswith _ _
7 32 32 NUM N NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 goeswith _ _
8 mm mm NOUN Y Abbr=Yes 3 nmod _ _
~~~
~~~ conllu
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 9 goeswith color:blue
1 Päikesesünkroosed päikese_sünkroonne ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 2 amod _ _
2 satelliidid satelliit NOUN S Case=Nom|Number=Plur 4 obj _ _
3 tuleb tulema VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 toimetada toimetama VERB V VerbForm=Inf 3 csubj _ _
5 vastupidise vastu_pidine ADJ A Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 10 amod _ _
6 s.o. s.o ADV Y Abbr=Yes 7 nmod _ _
7 i i NOUN Y Abbr=Yes 10 nmod _ _
8 > > SYM Z _ 7 goeswith _ _
9 90o 90o NUM N NumType=Card 7 goeswith _ _
10 kaldega kalle NOUN S Case=Com|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _
11 orbiitidele orbiit NOUN S Case=All|Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Z _ 3 punct _ _
~~~
~~~ conllu
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 goeswith color:blue
1 Päikesesünkroosed päikese_sünkroonne ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 2 amod _ _
2 satelliidid satelliit NOUN S Case=Nom|Number=Plur 4 obj _ _
3 tuleb tulema VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 toimetada toimetama VERB V VerbForm=Inf 3 csubj _ _
5 vastupidise vastu_pidine ADJ A Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 10 amod _ _
6 s.o. s.o ADV Y Abbr=Yes 7 nmod _ _
7 i i NOUN Y Abbr=Yes 10 nmod _ _
8 > > SYM Z _ 7 goeswith _ _
9 90o 90o NUM N NumType=Card 7 goeswith _ _
10 kaldega kalle NOUN S Case=Com|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _
11 orbiitidele orbiit NOUN S Case=All|Number=Plur 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Z _ 3 punct _ _
~~~
| 50.419753 | 1,452 | 0.703477 | yue_Hant | 0.562882 |
ed4588c9748593f0e38da49d6cba8dd02a951eb9 | 32 | md | Markdown | README.md | CoderZCC/rubbish_server | 203756a543d4d1bb070ce042f061c936ecf91d42 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | CoderZCC/rubbish_server | 203756a543d4d1bb070ce042f061c936ecf91d42 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | CoderZCC/rubbish_server | 203756a543d4d1bb070ce042f061c936ecf91d42 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # rubbish_server
rubbish_server
| 10.666667 | 16 | 0.875 | swe_Latn | 0.392861 |
ed465a2ef0ad1d4ffd964ec56c7d6be4d4b5826e | 1,719 | md | Markdown | README.md | unibz-core/thor | 8d820f931dce35c09748b4684bb925f9b0156273 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | unibz-core/thor | 8d820f931dce35c09748b4684bb925f9b0156273 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | unibz-core/thor | 8d820f931dce35c09748b4684bb925f9b0156273 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # ThOR Ontology
The objective of **ThOR Ontology** is to provide a vocabulary for building lexicons and thesauri for a same domain. The OWL implementation of the ThOR Ontology is designed to provide an implementation artifact to structure a knowledge base (or knowledge graph), being suitable for Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. The ThOR Ontology uses concepts from [SKOS](https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/), [Ontolex](https://www.w3.org/2016/05/ontolex/), and [Lexinfo](https://github.com/ontolex/lexinfo), complementing them for accomplishing the purpose of being used for representing a lexicon that can be further transformed into a thesaurus using a specific tool built for this purpose, the [ontolex2skos](https://github.com/unibz-core/ontolex2skos).
ThOR stands for “Thesaurus and Ontology Representation”. The ThOR Project was a collaboration project that happened in 2021 between the [*Zorginstituut Nederland* (ZIN)](https://english.zorginstituutnederland.nl/) – the Dutch National Health Care Institute – and the [Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE)](https://www.inf.unibz.it/krdb/core/) from the [Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (Unibz)](https://unibz.it/).
# Developers
## Unibz Members
- [Tiago Prince Sales](https://scholar.google.it/citations?user=bfaMR2YAAAAJ&hl=it)
- [Pedro Paulo Favato Barcelos](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1kF9FGwAAAAJ&hl=pt-PT)
- [Giancarlo Guizzardi](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nnfVBt8AAAAJ&hl=en)
## ZIN Members
- [Elly Kampert](https://www.linkedin.com/in/elly-kampert-van-galen/)
- [Fabien Reniers](https://www.linkedin.com/in/fabienreniers/)
- [Roxane Segers](https://www.linkedin.com/in/roxanesegers/)
| 85.95 | 755 | 0.779523 | eng_Latn | 0.673237 |
ed466edbcc6aee94d2f708e83991bf2c77291eab | 628 | md | Markdown | _posts/2021-04-24-349029992.md | bookmana/bookmana.github.io | 2ed7b023b0851c0c18ad8e7831ece910d9108852 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2021-04-24-349029992.md | bookmana/bookmana.github.io | 2ed7b023b0851c0c18ad8e7831ece910d9108852 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2021-04-24-349029992.md | bookmana/bookmana.github.io | 2ed7b023b0851c0c18ad8e7831ece910d9108852 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: "마리끌레르 marie claire (월간) 5월호 A형 + [부록] 라카 립 틴트(새미, 폴스 중 랜덤(4.4g))"
date: 2021-04-24 06:30:22 +0900
categories: [국내도서, 잡지]
image: https://bimage.interpark.com/goods_image/9/9/9/2/349029992s.jpg
description: ● ● [부록 사진] 에스쁘아 아이섀도우 익스클루시브 매트 2종 (3g, 1만 5천원, 컬러 6종 중 랜덤 증정)
---
## **정보**
- **ISBN : 9771227734009**
- **출판사 : MCK(잡지)**
- **출판일 : 20210501**
- **저자 : MCK(잡지) 편집부**
------
## **요약**
● ● [부록 사진] 에스쁘아 아이섀도우 익스클루시브 매트 2종 (3g, 1만 5천원, 컬러 6종 중 랜덤 증정)
------
------
마리끌레르 marie claire (월간) 5월호 A형 + [부록] 라카 립 틴트(새미, 폴스 중 랜덤(4.4g))
------
## **리뷰**
5.0 김-리 강하늘때문에 구매했어요. 좋아요^^ 2021.04.24 <br/> | 16.526316 | 76 | 0.55414 | kor_Hang | 0.990051 |
ed474ba553b6f899639bdcc93a851d826ee7c5ed | 339 | md | Markdown | README.md | j0eTheRipper/clean | d9a1b8f28d7577ee5143f7e8b932c6aca3536dca | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-11-06T13:30:23.000Z | 2021-11-06T13:30:23.000Z | README.md | j0eTheRipper/clean | d9a1b8f28d7577ee5143f7e8b932c6aca3536dca | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | j0eTheRipper/clean | d9a1b8f28d7577ee5143f7e8b932c6aca3536dca | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Arrange
A python script that moves files from the specified directory
(default is downloads) to the appropriate directory according to
the file's extension.
For example files ending in `png` or `jpg` are moved
to Pictures, files ending in mp4 or mvk get moved to Videos and so
on and so forth...
## Installation
`pip install arranger`
| 28.25 | 66 | 0.775811 | eng_Latn | 0.999793 |
ed476467fe90174057dc8cb41247e950d2ad3eb9 | 981 | md | Markdown | FAQ-fllost.md | wilfriedh/texfaq.github.io | 6acf12c39c6223dfb8c427aa7d451f1af97cbce7 | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 39 | 2018-06-03T12:57:33.000Z | 2022-01-20T13:35:52.000Z | FAQ-fllost.md | wilfriedh/texfaq.github.io | 6acf12c39c6223dfb8c427aa7d451f1af97cbce7 | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 24 | 2018-06-02T19:51:34.000Z | 2021-09-30T18:12:09.000Z | FAQ-fllost.md | wilfriedh/texfaq.github.io | 6acf12c39c6223dfb8c427aa7d451f1af97cbce7 | [
"CC0-1.0"
] | 22 | 2018-05-27T17:15:26.000Z | 2022-03-08T15:55:48.000Z | ---
title: Float(s) lost
category: errors
permalink: /FAQ-fllost
---
The error
```latex
! LaTeX Error: Float(s) lost.
```
seldom occurs, but always seems deeply cryptic when it _does_
appear.
The message means what it says: one or more figures, tables, etc., or
marginpars has not been typeset. (Marginpars are treated internally
as floats, which is how they come to be lumped into this error
message.)
The most likely reason is that you placed a float or a `\marginpar`
command inside another float or marginpar, or inside a
`minipage` environment, a `\parbox` or `\footnote`.
Note that the error may be detected a long way from the problematic
command(s), so the techniques of
[tracking down elusive errors](FAQ-erroradvice) all need to be
called into play.
This author has also encountered the error when developing macros that
used the LaTeX internal float mechanisms. Most people doing that
sort of thing are expected to be able to work out their own problems…
| 31.645161 | 76 | 0.768603 | eng_Latn | 0.999872 |
ed47a0cd7869290079066ea28ead36bce3a20094 | 8,004 | md | Markdown | CHANGELOG.md | nosolosoftware/rubocop-nosolosoftware | b0a5e0b989e2d57bbe47b3314f29e6de5f9e6601 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2020-02-28T13:15:34.000Z | 2020-11-25T13:32:40.000Z | CHANGELOG.md | nosolosoftware/rubocop-nosolosoftware | b0a5e0b989e2d57bbe47b3314f29e6de5f9e6601 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | CHANGELOG.md | nosolosoftware/rubocop-nosolosoftware | b0a5e0b989e2d57bbe47b3314f29e6de5f9e6601 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2019-12-20T07:15:13.000Z | 2019-12-20T07:15:13.000Z | # Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
The following rules have been added:
## 1.12.1 - 2021-10-13
- No new changes. Previous gem was yanked.
## 1.12.0 - 2021-10-13
- Added new rules
- rubocop
- Lint/RequireRelativeSelfPath (1.22)
- Security/IoMethods (1.22)
- Style/NumberedParameters (1.22)
- Style/NumberedParametersLimit (1.22)
- Style/SelectByRegexp (1.22)
## 1.11.0 - 2021-09-28
- Added new rules
- rubocop
- Lint/AmbiguousOperatorPrecedence (1.21)
- Lint/IncompatibleIoSelectWithFiberScheduler (1.21)
- rubocop-rails
- Rails/RedundantTravelBack (2.12)
- rubocop-rspec
- RSpec/ExcessiveDocstringSpacing (2.5)
- RSpec/SubjectDeclaration (2.5)
### Changed
- Updated dependency rubocop to 1.21
- Updated dependency rubocop-rails to 2.12
- Updated dependency rubocop-rspec to 2.5
## 1.10.0 - 2021-08-25
### Changed
- Layout/SpaceAroundEqualsInParameterDefault has been changed to the default value (aka space)
## 1.9.0 - 2021-08-18
- Added new rules introduced in the 1.19 version.
- rubocop
- Lint/AmbiguousRange
- Style/RedundantSelfAssignmentBranch
### Changed
- Updated dependency rubocop to 1.19
## 1.8.1 - 2021-07-26
### Changed
- `config/routes/` directory should have the same rules as `config/routes.rb`
## 1.8.0 - 2021-06-29
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop
- Layout/LineEndStringConcatenationIndentation (1.18)
- Naming/InclusiveLanguage (1.18)
### Changed
- Updated dependency rubocop
## 1.7.0 - 2021-06-29
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop-rails
- Rails/AddColumnIndex (2.11)
- Rails/ExpandedDateRange (2.11)
- Rails/I18nLocaleAssignment (2.11)
- Rails/UnusedIgnoredColumns (2.11)
- Rails/EagerEvaluationLogMessage (2.11)
- rubocop-rspec
- RSpec/IdenticalEqualityAssertion (2.4)
- RSpec/Rails/AvoidSetupHook (2.4)
### Changed
- Updated dependency rubocop-rails and rubocop-rspec
## 1.6.0 - 2021-06-08
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop
- Lint/EmptyInPattern (1.16)
- Style/InPatternThen (1.16)
- Style/MultilineInPatternThen (1.16)
- Style/QuotedSymbols (1.16)
- Style/StringChars (1.12)
- Performance/MapCompact (1.11)
- Performance/RedundantEqualityComparisonBlock (1.10)
- Performance/RedundantSplitRegexpArgument (1.10)
- rubocop-rails
- Rails/EnvironmentVariableAccess (2.10)
- Rails/TimeZoneAssignment (2.10)
### Changed
- Updated dependency rubocop-rails
## 1.5.0 - 2021-02-25
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop
- Gemspec/DateAssignment (1.10)
- Layout/SpaceBeforeBrackets (1.7)
- Lint/AmbiguousAssignment (1.7)
- Lint/DeprecatedConstants (1.8)
- Lint/LambdaWithoutLiteralBlock (1.8)
- Lint/NumberedParameterAssignment (1.9)
- Lint/OrAssignmentToConstant (1.9)
- Lint/RedundantDirGlobSort (1.8)
- Lint/SymbolConversion (1.9)
- Lint/TripleQuotes (1.9)
- Style/EndlessMethod (1.8)
- Style/HashConversion (1.10)
- Style/HashExcept (1.7)
- Style/IfWithBooleanLiteralBranches (1.9)
## 1.4.0 - 2020-12-15
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop
- Lint/UnexpectedBlockArity (1.5)
- rubocop-rails
- Rails/AttributeDefaultBlockValue (2.9)
- Rails/WhereEquals (2.9)
## 1.3.0 - 2020-11-25
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- rubocop
- Style/RedundantArgument (1.4)
- rubocop-performance
- Performance/ArraySemiInfiniteRangeSlice (1.9)
- Performance/BlockGivenWithExplicitBlock (1.9)
- Performance/CollectionLiteralInLoop (1.8)
- Performance/ConstantRegexp (1.9)
- Performance/MethodObjectAsBlock (1.9)
## 1.2.0 - 2020-11-13
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/DuplicateBranch (1.3)
- Lint/EmptyClass (1.3)
- Style/NilLambda (1.3)
## 1.1.0 - 2020-11-13
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/NoReturnInBeginEndBlocks (1.2)
- Style/CollectionCompact (1.2)
- Style/NegatedIfElseCondition (1.2)
### Changed
- Changed Naming/VariableNumber to start using snake_case
## 1.0.0 - 2020-11-04
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/DuplicateRegexpCharacterClassElement (1.1)
- Lint/EmptyBlock (1.1)
- Lint/ToEnumArguments (1.1)
- Lint/UnmodifiedReduceAccumulator (1.1)
- Style/ArgumentsForwarding (1.1)
- Style/DocumentDynamicEvalDefinition (1.1)
- Style/SwapValues (1.1)
- Added new rules introduced in the last version of rubocop-rspec
- RSpec/Rails/HttpStatus (2.pre)
### Changed
- Removed shared enabled rules with rubocop 1.0
- Bump dependencies (rubocop 1.0 and rubocop-rspec 2.pre)
- Bump ruby version to use `...`
- Reordered some rules following the convention of namespace/file.
## 0.10.0 - 2020-11-04
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/HashCompareByIdentity (0.93)
- Lint/RedundantSafeNavigation (0.93)
- Style/ClassEqualityComparison (0.93)
- Added new rules introduced in the last version of rubocop-rspec
- RSpec/StubbedMock (1.44)
### Changed
- Bump dependencies
## 0.9.0 - 2020-09-18
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Layout/BeginEndAlignment (0.91)
- Lint/ConstantDefinitionInBlock (0.91)
- Lint/DuplicateRequire (0.90)
- Lint/EmptyFile (0.90)
- Lint/IdentityComparison (0.91)
- Lint/TrailingCommaInAttributeDeclaration (0.90)
- Lint/UselessMethodDefinition (0.90)
- Lint/UselessTimes (0.91)
- Style/CombinableLoops (0.90)
- Style/KeywordParametersOrder (0.90)
- Style/RedundantSelfAssignment (0.90)
- Style/SoleNestedConditional (0.89)
- Performance/Sum (1.8)
- Rails/AfterCommitOverride (2.8)
- Rails/SquishedSQLHeredocs (2.8)
- Rails/WhereNot (2.8)
### Changed
- Updated all the extensions.
## 0.8.0 - 2020-08-07
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/BinaryOperatorWithIdenticalOperands (0.89)
- Lint/DuplicateRescueException (0.89)
- Lint/EmptyConditionalBody (0.89)
- Lint/FloatComparison (0.89)
- Lint/MissingSuper (0.89)
- Lint/OutOfRangeRegexpRef (0.89)
- Lint/SelfAssignment (0.89)
- Lint/TopLevelReturnWithArgument (0.89)
- Lint/UnreachableLoop (0.89)
- Style/ExplicitBlockArgument (0.89)
- Style/GlobalStdStream (0.89)
- Style/OptionalBooleanParameter (0.89)
- Style/SingleArgumentDig (0.89)
- Style/StringConcatenation (0.89)
## 0.7.0 - 2020-08-03
### Added
- Added rubocop-faker as new extension
### Changed
- Updated all the extensions, and configured new rules
## 0.6.0 - 2020-07-13
### Added
- Added new rules introduced in the last version.
- Lint/DeprecatedOpenSSLConstant (0.84)
- Lint/MixedRegexpCaptureTypes (0.85)
- Style/AccessorGrouping (0.87)
- Style/BisectedAttrAccessor (0.87)
- Style/RedundantAssignment (0.87)
- Style/RedundantFetchBlock (0.86)
- Style/RedundantRegexpCharacterClass (0.85)
- Style/RedundantRegexpEscape (0.85)
- Performance/AncestorsInclude (1.7)
- Performance/BigDecimalWithNumericArgument (1.7)
- Performance/RedundantSortBlock (1.7)
- Performance/RedundantStringChars (1.7)
- Performance/ReverseFirst (1.7)
- Performance/SortReverse (1.7)
- Performance/Squeeze (1.7)
- Performance/StringInclude (1.7)
## 0.5.0 - 2020-07-07
### Changed
- Actualizadas reglas
## 0.4.0 - 2020-02-26
### Changed
- Remove Style/BracesAroundHashParameters cop
## 0.3.0 - 2020-02-07
### Changed
- Set enforced style to braces_for_chaining in Style/BlockDelimiters cop.
- Relax required versions of rubocop gems.
## 0.2.0 - 2019-12-23
### Changed
- Move LineLength cop from Metrics to Layout and require rubocop 0.78.0.
## [0.1.0] - 2019-12-03
First version of this gem.
| 27.986014 | 94 | 0.70902 | eng_Latn | 0.397919 |
ed4863392f50a07fdceb75a60f23184302fb8887 | 728 | md | Markdown | catalog/idol-smash/en-US_idol-smash.md | htron-dev/baka-db | cb6e907a5c53113275da271631698cd3b35c9589 | [
"MIT"
] | 3 | 2021-08-12T20:02:29.000Z | 2021-09-05T05:03:32.000Z | catalog/idol-smash/en-US_idol-smash.md | zzhenryquezz/baka-db | da8f54a87191a53a7fca54b0775b3c00f99d2531 | [
"MIT"
] | 8 | 2021-07-20T00:44:48.000Z | 2021-09-22T18:44:04.000Z | catalog/idol-smash/en-US_idol-smash.md | zzhenryquezz/baka-db | da8f54a87191a53a7fca54b0775b3c00f99d2531 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2021-07-19T01:38:25.000Z | 2021-07-29T08:10:29.000Z | # Idol Smash!
- **type**: manga
- **volumes**: 6
- **chapters**: 50
- **original-name**: あいどるスマッシュ！
- **start-date**: 2016-05-08
- **end-date**: 2016-05-08
## Tags
- action
- fantasy
## Authors
- TNSK (Story & Art)
## Sinopse
Time is at the end of the idol century. Civilization declined but the conflict between idols never ended. All of the idols have one goal. Winning at "Idol Smash" that is held in "Budokan" once every 300 years!! The legendary idol legacy that once dominated the world is given to those at the top of superb idols.
(Source: MU)
## Links
- [My Anime list](https://myanimelist.net/manga/108510/Idol_Smash)
| 24.266667 | 312 | 0.678571 | eng_Latn | 0.896013 |
ed488afa40c2a79754ef59c72b2cd5aa177e857d | 339 | md | Markdown | .github/CONTRIBUTING.md | bird-house/blackswan | 5f1f20423874315f5e8eea2cf7302f9d0c05adae | [
"BSD-3-Clause"
] | null | null | null | .github/CONTRIBUTING.md | bird-house/blackswan | 5f1f20423874315f5e8eea2cf7302f9d0c05adae | [
"BSD-3-Clause"
] | 4 | 2018-05-07T16:47:47.000Z | 2019-01-21T13:07:17.000Z | .github/CONTRIBUTING.md | bird-house/blackswan | 5f1f20423874315f5e8eea2cf7302f9d0c05adae | [
"BSD-3-Clause"
] | 2 | 2018-07-10T12:58:55.000Z | 2021-02-13T01:10:52.000Z | # Contributing
Contributions are welcome, and they are greatly appreciated! Every little bit helps, and credit will always be given.
Please read the Birdhouse [Contributer Guide](http://birdhouse.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing.html)
and the [Cookiecutter Documentation](http://blackswan.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) to get started.
| 48.428571 | 117 | 0.80531 | eng_Latn | 0.967843 |
ed489fd094c57bac0662fffb083d0560b039c59d | 536 | md | Markdown | docs/error-messages/tool-errors/expression-evaluator-error-cxx0026.md | bobbrow/cpp-docs | 769b186399141c4ea93400863a7d8463987bf667 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 965 | 2017-06-25T23:57:11.000Z | 2022-03-31T14:17:32.000Z | docs/error-messages/tool-errors/expression-evaluator-error-cxx0026.md | bobbrow/cpp-docs | 769b186399141c4ea93400863a7d8463987bf667 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 3,272 | 2017-06-24T00:26:34.000Z | 2022-03-31T22:14:07.000Z | docs/error-messages/tool-errors/expression-evaluator-error-cxx0026.md | bobbrow/cpp-docs | 769b186399141c4ea93400863a7d8463987bf667 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 951 | 2017-06-25T12:36:14.000Z | 2022-03-26T22:49:06.000Z | ---
description: "Learn more about: Expression Evaluator Error CXX0026"
title: "Expression Evaluator Error CXX0026"
ms.date: "11/04/2016"
f1_keywords: ["CXX0026"]
helpviewer_keywords: ["CXX0026", "CAN0026"]
ms.assetid: b5bc15f2-f179-4b87-ae88-a57e08e43bfa
---
# Expression Evaluator Error CXX0026
bad format string
A format string was improperly specified. Check the syntax of the expression.
This error is identical to CAN0026.
For more information, see [Format Specifiers in C++](/visualstudio/debugger/format-specifiers-in-cpp).
| 29.777778 | 102 | 0.779851 | eng_Latn | 0.688502 |
ed490a2bb4e58b82fdb4ca091f07fe81e1386baf | 316 | md | Markdown | FunctionsRules.md | bfunky/code-review-clean-code-guide | 0c09e95ac8f09f4bc7d60cae6c11821c1519d0f7 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | FunctionsRules.md | bfunky/code-review-clean-code-guide | 0c09e95ac8f09f4bc7d60cae6c11821c1519d0f7 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | FunctionsRules.md | bfunky/code-review-clean-code-guide | 0c09e95ac8f09f4bc7d60cae6c11821c1519d0f7 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # A guide to code reviewing and clean code best practices
## Functions rules
### Small
### Do one thing
### Use descriptive names
### Prefer fewer arguments
### Have no side effects
### Don't use flag arguments. Split method into several independent methods that can be called from the client without the flag | 21.066667 | 127 | 0.737342 | eng_Latn | 0.998968 |
ed496424eec68de20c00e04e4291c51be7cde881 | 7,036 | md | Markdown | contribute.md | xiaoanyunfei/apis | 203bac1cd9872ba64343193a3888b9da2f997563 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 14 | 2021-03-02T02:48:40.000Z | 2022-01-13T03:18:37.000Z | contribute.md | xiaoanyunfei/apis | 203bac1cd9872ba64343193a3888b9da2f997563 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 36 | 2021-03-15T09:52:03.000Z | 2022-03-28T10:05:54.000Z | contribute.md | xiaoanyunfei/apis | 203bac1cd9872ba64343193a3888b9da2f997563 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 25 | 2021-03-02T02:36:56.000Z | 2022-01-21T11:09:19.000Z | # Welcome to Volcano!
- [Before you get started](#before-you-get-started)
- [Code of Conduct](#code-of-conduct)
- [Community Expectations](#community-expectations)
- [Getting started](#getting-started)
- [Your First Contribution](#your-first-contribution)
- [Find something to work on](#find-something-to-work-on)
- [Find a good first topic](#find-a-good-first-topic)
- [Work on an Issue](#work-on-an-issue)
- [File an Issue](#file-an-issue)
- [Contributor Workflow](#contributor-workflow)
- [Creating Pull Requests](#creating-pull-requests)
- [Code Review](#code-review)
- [Testing](#testing)
# Before you get started
## Code of Conduct
Please make sure to read and observe our [Code of Conduct](./code_of_conduct.md).
## Community Expectations
Volcano is a community project driven by its community which strives to promote a healthy, friendly and productive environment.
The goal of the community is to develop a volcano system which is useful for running high performance workloads such as AI, ML, Deep Learning Application on top of Kubernetes. To build a such volcano system at such scale requires the support of a community with similar aspirations.
- See [Community Membership](./community-membership.md) for a list of various community roles. With gradual contributions, one can move up in the chain.
# Getting started
- Read the [get started](docs/development/prepare-for-development.md) for developing code for Volcano
- Read the [setup](docs/development/development.md) for build/deploy instructions.
# Your First Contribution
We will help you to contribute in different areas like filing issues, developing features, fixing critical bugs and getting your work reviewed and merged.
If you have questions about the development process, feel free to jump into our [Slack Channel](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano/blob/master/slack-invitation) or join our [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/volcano-sh).
## Find something to work on
We are always in need of help, be it fixing documentation, reporting bugs or writing some code.
Look at places where you feel best coding practices aren't followed, code refactoring is needed or tests are missing.
Here is how you get started.
### Find a good first topic
There are [multiple repositories](https://github.com/volcano-sh/) within the Volcano organization.
Each repository has beginner-friendly issues that provide a good first issue.
For example, [Volcano-Issues](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano) has [help wanted](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22) and [good first issue](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22) labels for issues that should not need deep knowledge of the system.
We can help new contributors who wish to work on such issues.
Another good way to contribute is to find a documentation improvement, such as a missing/broken link.
#### Work on an issue
When you are willing to take on an issue, you can assign it to yourself. Just reply with `/assign` or `/assign @yourself` on an issue,
then the robot will assign the issue to you and your name will present at `Assignees` list.
### File an Issue
While we encourage everyone to contribute code, it is also appreciated when someone reports an issue.
Issues should be filed under the appropriate Volcano sub-repository.
*Example:* a Volcano issue should be opened to [Volcano](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano/issues).
Please follow the prompted submission guidelines while opening an issue.
# Contributor Workflow
Please do not ever hesitate to ask a question or send a pull request.
This is a rough outline of what a contributor's workflow looks like:
- Create a topic branch from where to base the contribution. This is usually master.
- Make commits of logical units.
- Make sure commit messages are in the proper format (see below).
- Push changes in a topic branch to a personal fork of the repository.
- Submit a pull request to [Volcano](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano).
- The PR must receive an approval from two maintainers.
## Creating Pull Requests
Pull requests are often called simply "PR".
Volcano generally follows the standard [github pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) process.
In addition to the above process, a bot will begin applying structured labels to your PR.
The bot may also make some helpful suggestions for commands to run in your PR to facilitate review.
These `/command` options can be entered in comments to trigger auto-labeling and notifications.
Refer to its [command reference documentation](https://go.k8s.io/bot-commands).
## Code Review
To make it easier for your PR to receive reviews, consider the reviewers will need you to:
* follow [good coding guidelines](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments).
* write [good commit messages](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/).
* break large changes into a logical series of smaller patches which individually make easily understandable changes, and in aggregate solve a broader issue.
* label PRs with appropriate reviewers: to do this read the messages the bot sends you to guide you through the PR process.
### Format of the commit message
We follow a rough convention for commit messages that is designed to answer two questions: what changed and why.
The subject line should feature the what and the body of the commit should describe the why.
```
scripts: add test codes for metamanager
this add some unit test codes to improve code coverage for metamanager
Fixes #12
```
The format can be described more formally as follows:
```
<subsystem>: <what changed>
<BLANK LINE>
<why this change was made>
<BLANK LINE>
<footer>
```
The first line is the subject and should be no longer than 70 characters, the second line is always blank, and other lines should be wrapped at 80 characters. This allows the message to be easier to read on GitHub as well as in various git tools.
Note: if your pull request isn't getting enough attention, you can use the reach out on Slack to get help finding reviewers.
## Testing
There are multiple types of tests.
The location of the test code varies with type, as do the specifics of the environment needed to successfully run the test:
* Unit: These confirm that a particular function behaves as intended. Unit test source code can be found adjacent to the corresponding source code within a given package. These are easily run locally by any developer.
* Integration: These tests cover interactions of package components or interactions between Volcano components and Kubernetes control plane components like API server.
* End-to-end ("e2e"): These are broad tests of overall system behavior and coherence. The e2e tests are in [Volcano e2e](https://github.com/volcano-sh/volcano/tree/master/test/e2e).
Continuous integration will run these tests on PRs.
| 49.202797 | 373 | 0.771461 | eng_Latn | 0.998101 |
ed49c3e2c8fa1f3e6862fc4b51a1700c9d64888d | 5,343 | md | Markdown | wdk-ddi-src/content/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_contexts.md | jesweare/windows-driver-docs-ddi | a6e73cac25d8328115822ec266dabdf87d395bc7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | wdk-ddi-src/content/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_contexts.md | jesweare/windows-driver-docs-ddi | a6e73cac25d8328115822ec266dabdf87d395bc7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | wdk-ddi-src/content/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_contexts.md | jesweare/windows-driver-docs-ddi | a6e73cac25d8328115822ec266dabdf87d395bc7 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-12-08T21:34:31.000Z | 2021-12-08T21:34:31.000Z | ---
UID: NS:fltkernel._FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
title: _FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS (fltkernel.h)
description: The FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS structure contains a minifilter driver's contexts for the objects associated with an I/O operation.
old-location: ifsk\flt_related_contexts.htm
tech.root: ifsk
ms.assetid: 9d9b4bba-0216-48cf-81aa-160b7252ba20
ms.date: 04/16/2018
keywords: ["FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS structure"]
ms.keywords: "*PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS structure [Installable File System Drivers], FltSystemStructures_a7a436e2-2a17-41a2-97db-d6bae407d139.xml, PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS structure pointer [Installable File System Drivers], _FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, fltkernel/FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, fltkernel/PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, ifsk.flt_related_contexts"
req.header: fltkernel.h
req.include-header: Fltkernel.h
req.target-type: Windows
req.target-min-winverclnt:
req.target-min-winversvr:
req.kmdf-ver:
req.umdf-ver:
req.ddi-compliance:
req.unicode-ansi:
req.idl:
req.max-support:
req.namespace:
req.assembly:
req.type-library:
req.lib:
req.dll:
req.irql:
targetos: Windows
req.typenames: FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS, *PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
f1_keywords:
- _FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
- fltkernel/_FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
- PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
- fltkernel/PFLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
- FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
- fltkernel/FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
topic_type:
- APIRef
- kbSyntax
api_type:
- HeaderDef
api_location:
- fltkernel.h
api_name:
- FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS
---
# _FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS structure
## -description
The <b>FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS</b> structure contains a minifilter driver's contexts for the objects associated with an I/O operation.
## -struct-fields
### -field VolumeContext
Opaque pointer to the minifilter's context for the volume that the <b>Volume</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to.
### -field InstanceContext
Opaque pointer to the minifilter driver's context for the instance that the <b>Instance</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to.
### -field FileContext
On Windows Vista and later, this member is an opaque pointer to the minifilter driver's per-file context for the stream handle that the <b>FileObject</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to. On Windows operating systems earlier than Windows Vista, this member is reserved for system use.
### -field StreamContext
Opaque pointer to the minifilter's stream context for the stream handle that the <b>FileObject</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to.
### -field StreamHandleContext
Opaque pointer to the minifilter's stream handle context for the stream handle that the <b>FileObject</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to.
### -field TransactionContext
On Windows Vista and later, this member is an opaque pointer to the minifilter's transaction context for the transaction that the <b>Transaction</b> member of the <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a> structure points to. On Windows operating systems earlier than Windows Vista, this member is reserved for system use.
## -remarks
The <b>FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS</b> structure contains a minifilter driver's contexts for the objects associated with an I/O operation or an instance setup or teardown operation.
A minifilter driver uses the <b>FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS</b> structure to retrieve multiple contexts for a given operation. To do so, the minifilter driver allocates an empty <b>FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS</b> structure and passes a pointer to it as the <i>Contexts</i> parameter to <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltgetcontexts">FltGetContexts</a>.
A minifilter can also use this structure to release multiple contexts for a given operation. To do so, the minifilter driver passes a pointer to <b>FLT_RELATED_CONTEXTS</b> as the <i>Contexts</i> parameter to <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltreleasecontexts">FltReleaseContexts</a>.
For more information about using contexts, see the reference entry for <a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltallocatecontext">FltAllocateContext</a>.
## -see-also
<a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_context_registration">FLT_CONTEXT_REGISTRATION</a>
<a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/ns-fltkernel-_flt_related_objects">FLT_RELATED_OBJECTS</a>
<a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltallocatecontext">FltAllocateContext</a>
<a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltgetcontexts">FltGetContexts</a>
<a href="/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/fltkernel/nf-fltkernel-fltreleasecontexts">FltReleaseContexts</a> | 49.018349 | 401 | 0.790567 | eng_Latn | 0.408832 |
ed4b093dd0273af5d680f1f4a5f8975f845a796b | 2,135 | md | Markdown | notes/Q27062470.md | lubianat/wikidata_bib | 33d19d13876405819a87ef449a7375b2f750d003 | [
"Unlicense"
] | 12 | 2020-11-05T15:00:08.000Z | 2021-12-13T11:42:49.000Z | notes/Q27062470.md | lubianat/wikidata_bib | 33d19d13876405819a87ef449a7375b2f750d003 | [
"Unlicense"
] | 15 | 2020-11-23T20:03:46.000Z | 2021-12-17T13:10:45.000Z | notes/Q27062470.md | lubianat/wikidata_bib | 33d19d13876405819a87ef449a7375b2f750d003 | [
"Unlicense"
] | 1 | 2021-02-04T18:38:07.000Z | 2021-02-04T18:38:07.000Z |
OSCAR4: a flexible architecture for chemical text-mining
========================================================
[@wikidata:Q27062470]
Publication date : 01 of January, 2011
# Highlights
The Open-Source Chemistry Analysis Routines (OSCAR) software, a toolkit for the recognition of named entities and
data in chemistry publications, has been developed since 2002. Recent work has resulted in the separation of the
core OSCAR functionality and its release as the OSCAR4 library. This library features a modular API (based on
reduction of surface coupling) that permits client programmers to easily incorporate it into external applications.
OSCAR4 offers a domain-independent architecture upon which chemistry specific text-mining tools can be built,
and its development and usage are discussed
, we
estimate that about 10 million chemical syntheses per
year are published in the public literature (articles,
patents, theses) and the conventional method is a natural language narrative (most commonly in English)
The OSCAR-ChEBI project. This was a competitive funding resource for eScience products and we
worked with the European Bioinformatics Institute
(EBI) to develop OSCAR as an appropriate tool for
the extraction and verification of chemistry in the
ChEBI ontology
a list of “nonchemical” words is determined by removing those
words that occur in the chemical word list from a
standard English dictionary. These lists are used to
build an n-gram model which is used by a naïve Bayesian classifier to determine whether novel tokens are
“chemical” or “non-chemical”. Multi-token named entities, e.g. “ethyl acetate”, that occur within the input
text are then identified by regex-style matching of chemical tokens to a set of pre-specified pattern definitions such as “*yl *ate
# Comments
PM Rust and Egon
## Tags
1.1.1. Literature Based Discovery, hidden knowledge and text-mining
# Links
* [Scholia Profile](https://scholia.toolforge.org/work/Q27062470)
* [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27062470)
* [TABernacle](https://tabernacle.toolforge.org/?#/tab/manual/Q27062470/P921%3BP4510)
| 46.413043 | 131 | 0.775644 | eng_Latn | 0.996956 |
ed4b4736269f301d1dc7080981a34aea6d7beab7 | 265 | md | Markdown | content/roadmap/static-block-reward.zh.md | ObscureIM/obscure.im | e3aca3db457374d94364df39a04da4fe26c73e41 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2019-02-05T09:57:20.000Z | 2019-02-05T09:57:32.000Z | content/roadmap/static-block-reward.zh.md | ObscureIM/obscure.im | e3aca3db457374d94364df39a04da4fe26c73e41 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | content/roadmap/static-block-reward.zh.md | ObscureIM/obscure.im | e3aca3db457374d94364df39a04da4fe26c73e41 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
layout: 路线图
title: 固定区块奖励
author: Craig MacGregor
date: '2018-12-06'
feature_image: /images/uploads/navpi-patch.jpg
status: 已完成
externalUrl: https://github.com/NAVCoin/npips/blob/master/npip-0004.mediawiki
---
将区块奖励从基于百分比修改为静态，用以提高网络安全性，并使NavCoin与posv3规范保持一致。
| 22.083333 | 77 | 0.792453 | yue_Hant | 0.47913 |
ed4b576a6210455fc4e2769e62ba0737fa3d1700 | 309 | md | Markdown | components/pagination/demo/basic.md | loocao/antue | 72e3c7dd39d97992020c7fb0982357a8b93c7938 | [
"MIT"
] | 274 | 2017-09-23T04:21:16.000Z | 2021-09-18T13:43:20.000Z | components/pagination/demo/basic.md | loocao/antue | 72e3c7dd39d97992020c7fb0982357a8b93c7938 | [
"MIT"
] | 28 | 2017-09-22T07:55:20.000Z | 2018-07-04T04:09:28.000Z | components/pagination/demo/basic.md | zzuu666/antue | af5d809ec5b1842505338d0d0e68a553a779e2c3 | [
"MIT"
] | 46 | 2017-09-23T06:33:13.000Z | 2021-09-07T17:10:44.000Z | ---
order: 0
title:
zh-CN: 基本
en-US: Basic
---
## zh-CN
基础分页。
## en-US
Basic pagination.
```` html
<template>
<div>
<ant-page :total="50"></ant-page>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import AntPage from '@/pagination'
export default {
components: {
AntPage
}
}
</script>
````
| 9.65625 | 37 | 0.546926 | kor_Hang | 0.307095 |
ed4bc4003253eb4d660b033102a0f64472941991 | 448 | md | Markdown | zh-cn/ChangeLog/History/Family.md | liuhch001/liuhch | 6070b2ded32b86553b4a35d01435c3f5be089dee | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 1 | 2019-07-03T01:13:10.000Z | 2019-07-03T01:13:10.000Z | zh-cn/ChangeLog/History/Family.md | liuhch001/liuhch | 6070b2ded32b86553b4a35d01435c3f5be089dee | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | zh-cn/ChangeLog/History/Family.md | liuhch001/liuhch | 6070b2ded32b86553b4a35d01435c3f5be089dee | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 2 | 2019-11-27T03:32:55.000Z | 2021-03-25T10:30:47.000Z |
## 2018-07-01
!> **uws家庭管理服务 V1.5.1**：
- [x] 【修改】修正 家庭管理员邀请用户加入家庭,增加消息推送失败时,返回发起者家庭id和邀请码;
- [x] 【修改】修正 根据关键字精确检索好友信息,内容为屏蔽返回用户信息中的手机号,登录名,邮箱中的部分字符;
## 2019-01-25
!> **uws家庭管理服务 V1.6.0**：
- [x] 【新增】新增房间服务包括如下接口：用户创建房间、用户修改房间信息、用户删除房间信息、用户查询家庭房间下的设备;
- [x] 【新增】家庭基础服务新增家庭管理员变更接口、查询家庭下的房间列表接口;
- [x] 【新增】设备分享管理服务新增家庭管理员或设备管理员修改设备所属房间接口;
- [x] 【修改】修改以下公共结构：设备共享信息ShareDevice、描述家庭信息FamilyInfo、描述房间信息RoomInfo、查询条件QueryClause;
| 24.888889 | 86 | 0.703125 | yue_Hant | 0.661937 |
ed4bedd159f7486328d386e14223bad703167263 | 99 | md | Markdown | _members/matt.md | pfalcons/pfalcons.github.io | d3020bb44454c521c8d37dcea0da082c8a464c82 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _members/matt.md | pfalcons/pfalcons.github.io | d3020bb44454c521c8d37dcea0da082c8a464c82 | [
"MIT"
] | 6 | 2017-01-28T18:18:13.000Z | 2017-01-28T18:23:02.000Z | _members/matt.md | pfalcons/pfalcons.github.io | d3020bb44454c521c8d37dcea0da082c8a464c82 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2022-01-22T17:16:35.000Z | 2022-01-22T17:16:35.000Z | ---
title: Matt
short_name: matt
nickname: Matty-O
ragbrai: 2006
image: matt.jpg
active: false
---
| 11 | 17 | 0.717172 | eng_Latn | 0.528205 |
ed4cd96cacbfb4684db8557f7e1f2950b137f9e4 | 5,699 | md | Markdown | entity-framework/core/performance/index.md | rbgnk/EntityFramework.Docs | 75a0cbb098cf62a970569cbb9ab82c8dc76db90c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 518 | 2020-02-20T08:13:04.000Z | 2022-03-31T15:54:27.000Z | entity-framework/core/performance/index.md | rbgnk/EntityFramework.Docs | 75a0cbb098cf62a970569cbb9ab82c8dc76db90c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1,407 | 2020-02-19T20:56:52.000Z | 2022-03-31T16:52:36.000Z | entity-framework/core/performance/index.md | rbgnk/EntityFramework.Docs | 75a0cbb098cf62a970569cbb9ab82c8dc76db90c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 799 | 2020-02-19T21:49:54.000Z | 2022-03-31T14:04:39.000Z | ---
title: Introduction to Performance - EF Core
description: Performance guide for efficiently using Entity Framework Core
author: roji
ms.date: 12/1/2020
uid: core/miscellaneous/performance/index
---
# Introduction to Performance
Database performance is a vast and complex topic, spanning an entire stack of components: the database, networking, the database driver, and data access layers such as EF Core. While high-level layers and O/RMs such as EF Core considerably simplify application development and improve maintainability, they can sometimes be opaque, hiding performance-critical internal details such as the SQL being executed. This section attempts to provide an overview of how to achieve good performance with EF Core, and how to avoid common pitfalls which can degrade application performance.
## Identify bottlenecks and measure, measure, measure
As always with performance, it's important not to rush into optimization without data showing a problem; as the great Donald Knuth once said, "Premature optimization is the root of all evil". The [performance diagnosis](xref:core/performance/performance-diagnosis) section discusses various ways to understand where your application is spending time in database logic, and how to pinpoint specific problematic areas. Once a slow query has been identified, solutions can be considered: is your database missing an index? Should you try out other querying patterns?
Always benchmark your code and possible alternatives yourself - the performance diagnosis section contains a sample benchmark with BenchmarkDotNet, which you can use as a template for your own benchmarks. Don't assume that general, public benchmarks apply as-is to your specific use-case; a variety of factors such as database latency, query complexity and actual data amounts in your tables can have a profound effect on which solution is best. For example, many public benchmarks are carried out in ideal networking conditions, where latency to the database is almost zero, and with extremely light queries which hardly require any processing (or disk I/O) on the database side. While these are valuable for comparing the runtime overheads of different data access layers, the differences they reveal usually prove to be negligible in a real-world application, where the database performs actual work and latency to the database is a significant perf factor.
## Aspects of data access performance
Overall data access performance can be broken down into the following broad categories:
* **Pure database performance**. With relational database, EF translates the application's LINQ queries into the SQL statements getting executed by the database; these SQL statements themselves can run more or less efficiently. The right index in the right place can make a world of difference in SQL performance, or rewriting your LINQ query may make EF generate a better SQL query.
* **Network data transfer**. As with any networking system, it's important to limit the amount of data going back and forth on the wire. This covers making sure that you only send and load data which you're actually going to need, but also avoiding the so-called "cartesian explosion" effect when loading related entities.
* **Network roundtrips**. Beyond the amount of data going back and forth, the network roundtrips, since the time taken for a query to execute in the database can be dwarfed by the time packets travel back and forth between your application and your database. Roundtrip overhead heavily depends on your environment; the further away your database server is, the high the latency and the costlier each roundtrip. With the advent of the cloud, applications increasingly find themselves further away from the database, and "chatty" applications which perform too many roundtrips experience degraded performance. Therefore, it's important to understand exactly when your application contacts the database, how many roundtrips it performs, and whether that number can be minimized them.
* **EF runtime overhead**. Finally, EF itself adds some runtime overhead to database operations: EF needs to compile your queries from LINQ to SQL (although that should normally be done only once), change tracking adds some overhead (but can be disabled), etc. In practice, the EF overhead for real-world applications is likely to be negligible in most cases, as query execution time in the database and network latency dominate the total time; but it's important to understand what your options are and how to avoid some pitfalls.
## Know what's happening under the hood
EF allows developers to concentrate on business logic by generating SQL, materializing results, and performing other tasks. Like any layer or abstraction, it also tends to hide what's happening under-the-hood, such as the actual SQL queries being executed. Performance isn't necessarily a critical aspect of every application out there, but in applications where it is, it is vital that the developer understand what EF is doing for them: inspect outgoing SQL queries, follow roundtrips to make sure the N+1 problem isn't occurring, etc.
## Cache outside the database
Finally, the most efficient way to interact with a database, is to not interact with it at all. In other words, if database access shows up as a performance bottleneck in your application, it may be worthwhile to cache certain results outside of the database, so as to minimize requests. Although caching adds complexity, it is an especially crucial part of any scalable application: while the application tier can be easy scaled by adding additional servers to handle increased load, scaling the database tier is usually far more complicated.
| 167.617647 | 960 | 0.812423 | eng_Latn | 0.999612 |
ed4da6ef09191c3c81e28cf3784485b4ecbd0638 | 914 | md | Markdown | README.md | Shophorn/practice-javafx-noise | 041fa935a677eeaac1fa3f37134b761923a694e6 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Shophorn/practice-javafx-noise | 041fa935a677eeaac1fa3f37134b761923a694e6 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Shophorn/practice-javafx-noise | 041fa935a677eeaac1fa3f37134b761923a694e6 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # practice-javafx-noise
My personal javafx practice project.
I will keep everything here, except compiled classes, since they are bound to
change a lot, and they're easy to comile when needed. I will also keep this file
as a memo to myself. If there are some rules or conventions that I break writing
this or anything, please let me know. This is my first stuff ever.
To compile:
1. navigate to practice-javafx-noise folder.
2. run: javac @options.txt @source.txt
To run:
1. navigate to practice-javafx-noise folder
2. run: java -cp classes;lib/shophorn.jar noiseprogram.Program
Goals:
* Make fluid animation using threading and maybe interpolating between frames.
* Save images and animations.
* Find as many noise patterns as possible, avoid patent issues.
* Create custom ui skin with javafx.
* Make my own library items neat.
* Get in touch with people of internet. Maybe. This is hardest part.
* Improve.
| 36.56 | 80 | 0.776805 | eng_Latn | 0.997285 |
ed4de5b906d2d86500f7c02cb7103a300b55482e | 8,727 | md | Markdown | docs/dev-machine-setup.md | Ngalstyan4/firecracker | 819eb18f24e6516aee629ff117dc5b98d77de3ab | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 1 | 2021-04-10T14:42:47.000Z | 2021-04-10T14:42:47.000Z | docs/dev-machine-setup.md | Ngalstyan4/firecracker | 819eb18f24e6516aee629ff117dc5b98d77de3ab | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 1 | 2020-09-08T03:00:57.000Z | 2020-09-10T12:47:20.000Z | docs/dev-machine-setup.md | Ngalstyan4/firecracker | 819eb18f24e6516aee629ff117dc5b98d77de3ab | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | # Setting up a Development Environment for Firecracker
Firecracker uses KVM for the actual resource virtualization, hence setting up
a development environment requires either a bare-metal machine (with hardware
virtualization), or a virtual machine that supports nested virtualization.
The different options are outlined below. Once the environment is set up, one
can continue with the specific steps of setting up Firecracker (e.g., as
outlined in the [Getting Started](getting-started.md) instructions).
## Local
### Local Bare-Metal Machine
`[TODO]`
### Local Virtual Machine
#### macOS with VMware Fusion
Note that Firecracker development on macOS has no hard dependency on VMware
Fusion or Ubuntu. All that is required is a Linux VM that supports nested
virtualization. This is but one example of that setup:
1. Download and install [VMware Fusion](https://www.vmware.com/products/fusion/fusion-evaluation.html).
1. Download an [Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS](https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop)
ISO image.
1. Open VMware Fusion, open the **File** menu, and select **New...** to bring up
the **Select the Installation Method** window.
1. Find the ISO image you downloaded in step 2, and drag it onto the VMware
window opened in step 3.
1. You should now be at the **Create a New Virtual Machine** window. Ensure the
Ubuntu 18.04.2 image is highlighted, and click **Continue**.
1. On the **Linux Easy Install** window, leave the **Use Easy Install** option
checked, enter a password, and click **Continue**.
1. On the **Finish** window, click **Finish**, and save the `.vmwarevm` file if
prompted.
1. After the VM starts up, open the **Virtual Machine** menu,
and select **Shut Down**.
1. After the VM shuts down, open the **Virtual Machine** menu, and select
**Settings...**.
1. From the settings window, select **Processors & Memory**, and then unfurl
the **Advanced options** section.
1. Check the **Enable hypervisor applications in this virtual machine** option,
close the settings window, open the **Virtual Machine** menu, and select **Start
Up**.
1. If you receive a **Cannot connect the virtual device sata0:1 because no
corresponding device is available on the host.** error, you can respond **No**
to the prompt.
1. Once the VM starts up, log in as the user you created in step 6.
1. After logging in, open the **Terminal** app, and run
`sudo apt install curl -y` to install cURL.
1. Now you can continue with the Firecracker [Getting Started](getting-started.md)
instructions to install and configure Firecracker in the new VM.
## Cloud
### AWS
Firecracker development environment on AWS can be setup using bare metal instances.
Follow these steps to create a bare metal instance.
1. If you don't already have an AWS account, create one using the [AWS Portal](https://portal.aws.amazon.com/billing/signup).
1. Login to [AWS console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home). You must
select a region that offers bare metal EC2 instances. To check which regions
support bare-metal, visit [Amazon EC2 On-Demand Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/)
and look for `*.metal` instance types.
1. Click on `Launch a virtual machine` in `Build Solution` section.
1. Firecracker requires a relatively new kernel, so you should use a recent
Linux distribution - such as `Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type`.
1. In `Step 2`, scroll to the bottom and select `i3.metal` instance type. Click
on `Next: Configure Instance Details`.
1. In `Step 3`, click on `Next: Add Storage`.
1. In `Step 4`, click on `Next: Add Tags`.
1. In `Step 5`, click on `Next: Configure Security Group`.
1. In `Step 6`, take the default security group. This opens up port 22 and is
needed so that you can ssh into the machine later. Click on `Review and Launch`.
1. Verify the details and click on `Launch`. If you do not have an existing
key pair, then you can select `Create a new key pair` to create a key pair.
This is needed so that you can use it later to ssh into the machine.
1. Click on the instance id in the green box. Copy `Public DNS` from the
`Description` tab of the selected instance.
1. Login to the newly created instance:
```console
ssh -i <ssh-key> ubuntu@<public-ip>
```
Now you can continue with the Firecracker [Getting Started](getting-started.md)
instructions to use Firecracker to create a microVM.
### GCP
One of the options to set up Firecracker for development purposes is to use a
VM on Google Compute Engine (GCE), which supports nested virtualization and
allows to run KVM. If you don't have a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) account,
you can find brief instructions in the Addendum [below](#addendum).
Here is a brief summary of steps to create such a setup (full instructions to
set up a Ubuntu-based VM on GCE with nested KVM enablement can be found in GCE
[documentation](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-nested-virtualization-vm-instances)).
1. Select a GCP project and zone
```console
$ FC_PROJECT = your_name-firecracker
$ FC_REGION = us-east1
$ FC_ZONE = us-east1-b
```
<details><summary>Click here for instructions to create a new project</summary>
<p>
It might be convenient to keep your Firecracker-related GCP resources in
a separate project, so that you can keep track of resources more easily
and remove everything easily once your are done.
For convenience, give the project a unique name (e.g.,
your_name-firecracker), so that GCP does not need to create a project
id different than project name (by appending randomized numbers to the
name you provide).
```console
$ gcloud projects create ${FC_PROJECT} --enable-cloud-apis --set-as-default
```
</p>
</details>
```
$ gcloud config set project ${FC_PROJECT}
$ gcloud config set compute/region ${FC_REGION}
$ gcloud config set compute/zone ${FC_ZONE}
```
1. The next step is to create a VM image able to run nested KVM (as outlined
[here](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-nested-virtualization-vm-instances)).
**IMPORTANT:** Notice that Firecracker requires a relatively new kernel,
so you should use a recent Linux distribution image - such as Ubuntu 18
(used in the commands below), or equivalent.
```
$ FC_VDISK=disk-ub18
$ FC_IMAGE=ub18-nested-kvm
$ gcloud compute disks create ${FC_VDISK}\
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud --image-family ubuntu-1804-lts
$ gcloud compute images create ${FC_IMAGE} --source-disk ${FC_VDISK}\
--licenses "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/vm-options/global/licenses/enable-vmx"\
--source-disk-zone ${FC_ZONE}
```
1. Now we create the VM:
```
$ FC_VM = firecracker-vm
$ gcloud compute instances create ${FC_VM} --zone ${FC_ZONE}\
--image ${FC_IMAGE}
```
1. Connect to the VM via SSH.
```
$ gcloud compute ssh ${FC_VM}
```
When doing it for the first time, a key-pair will be created for you
(you will be propmpted for a passphrase - can just keep it empty) and
uploaded to GCE. Done! You should see the prompt of the new VM:
```
ubuntu@firecracker-vm:~$
```
1. Verify that VMX is enabled, enable KVM
```
$ grep -cw vmx /proc/cpuinfo
1
$ sudo setfacl -m u:${USER}:rw /dev/kvm
$ [ -r /dev/kvm ] && [ -w /dev/kvm ] && echo "OK" || echo "FAIL"
OK
```
Now you can continue with the Firecracker [Getting Started](getting-started.md)
instructions to install and configure Firecracker in the new VM.
#### Addendum
##### Setting up a Google Cloud Platform account
In a nutshell, setting up a GCP account involves the following steps:
1. Log in to GCP [console](https://console.cloud.google.com/) with your
Google credentials. If you don't have account, you will be prompted to join
the trial.
1. Install GCP CLI & SDK (full instructions can be found
[here](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/quickstart-debian-ubuntu)).
```console
$ export CLOUD_SDK_REPO="cloud-sdk-$(lsb_release -c -s)"
$ echo "deb http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt $CLOUD_SDK_REPO main"\
| sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list
$ curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg \
| sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y google-cloud-sdk
```
1. Configure the `gcloud` CLI by running:
```console
$ gcloud init --console-only
```
Follow the prompts to authenticate (open the provided link, authenticate,
copy the token back to console) and select the default project.
### Microsoft Azure
`[TODO]`
| 39.668182 | 125 | 0.713533 | eng_Latn | 0.967358 |
ed4fa3716bbb67359ad92f6ca5f003901651d8a7 | 4,682 | md | Markdown | docs/standard/attributes/applying-attributes.md | MoisesMlg/docs.es-es | 4e8c9f518ab606048dd16b6c6a43a4fa7de4bcf5 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/standard/attributes/applying-attributes.md | MoisesMlg/docs.es-es | 4e8c9f518ab606048dd16b6c6a43a4fa7de4bcf5 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/standard/attributes/applying-attributes.md | MoisesMlg/docs.es-es | 4e8c9f518ab606048dd16b6c6a43a4fa7de4bcf5 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Aplicar atributos
ms.date: 03/30/2017
dev_langs:
- csharp
- vb
- cpp
helpviewer_keywords:
- assemblies [.NET], attributes
- attributes [.NET], applying
ms.assetid: dd7604eb-9fa3-4b60-b2dd-b47739fa3148
ms.openlocfilehash: 83cfb1d5b5aa3ebc8651406850a758146fd329d4
ms.sourcegitcommit: 965a5af7918acb0a3fd3baf342e15d511ef75188
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: es-ES
ms.lasthandoff: 11/18/2020
ms.locfileid: "94829107"
---
# <a name="apply-attributes"></a>Aplicación de atributos
Para aplicar un atributo a un elemento del código se puede utilizar el proceso siguiente:
1. Defina un atributo nuevo o use un atributo de .NET existente.
2. Aplique el atributo al elemento de código colocándolo inmediatamente antes del elemento.
Cada lenguaje tiene su propia sintaxis de atributo. En C++ y C#, el atributo está incluido entre corchetes y separado del elemento por un espacio en blanco, que puede incluir un salto de línea. En Visual Basic, el atributo está incluido entre corchetes angulares y debe estar en la misma línea lógica; se puede utilizar el carácter de continuación de línea si se desea un salto de línea.
3. Especifique parámetros posicionales y parámetros con nombre para el atributo.
Los parámetros *posicionales* son obligatorios y deben preceder a cualquier parámetro con nombre; se corresponden a los parámetros de uno de los constructores del atributo. Los parámetros *con nombre* son opcionales y se corresponden a las propiedades de lectura y escritura del atributo. En C++ y C#, especifique `name=value` para cada parámetro opcional, donde `name` es el nombre de la propiedad. En Visual Basic, especifique `name:=value`.
El atributo se emite en metadatos al compilar el código y queda disponible para Common Language Runtime y cualquier aplicación o herramienta personalizada a través de los servicios de reflexión en tiempo de ejecución.
Por convención, todos los nombres de atributo terminan con la palabra "Attribute". Sin embargo, algunos lenguajes orientados a Common Language Runtime, como Visual Basic y C#, no requieren que se especifique el nombre completo de los atributos. Por ejemplo, si desea inicializar <xref:System.ObsoleteAttribute?displayProperty=nameWithType>, solo es necesario hacer referencia al mismo como **Obsolete**.
## <a name="apply-an-attribute-to-a-method"></a>Aplicación de un atributo a un método
En el ejemplo de código siguiente se muestra cómo usar **System.ObsoleteAttribute**, que marca el código como obsoleto. La cadena `"Will be removed in next version"` se pasa al atributo. Este atributo da lugar a una advertencia del compilador que muestra la cadena transferida cuando se llama al código que describe el atributo.
[!code-cpp[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#3](../../../samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/cpp/source1.cpp#3)]
[!code-csharp[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#3](../../../samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/cs/source1.cs#3)]
[!code-vb[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#3](../../../samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/vb/source1.vb#3)]
## <a name="apply-attributes-at-the-assembly-level"></a>Aplicación atributos en el nivel de ensamblado
Si quiere aplicar un atributo en el nivel de ensamblado, use la palabra clave `assembly` (`Assembly` en Visual Basic). El código siguiente muestra el atributo **AssemblyTitleAttribute** aplicado al ensamblado.
[!code-cpp[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#2](../../../samples/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/cpp/source1.cpp#2)]
[!code-csharp[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#2](../../../samples/snippets/csharp/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/cs/source1.cs#2)]
[!code-vb[Conceptual.Attributes.Usage#2](../../../samples/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/conceptual.attributes.usage/vb/source1.vb#2)]
Cuando se aplica este atributo, la cadena `"My Assembly"` se coloca en el manifiesto del ensamblado, en la parte de metadatos del archivo. Se puede ver el atributo utilizando el [Desensamblador de MSIL (Ildasm.exe)](../../framework/tools/ildasm-exe-il-disassembler.md) o creando un programa personalizado que recupere el atributo.
## <a name="see-also"></a>Vea también
- [Atributos](index.md)
- [Retrieving Information Stored in Attributes](retrieving-information-stored-in-attributes.md) (Recuperar la información almacenada en atributos)
- [Conceptos](/cpp/windows/attributed-programming-concepts)
- [Atributos (C#)](../../csharp/programming-guide/concepts/attributes/index.md)
- [Información general sobre los atributos (Visual Basic)](../../visual-basic/programming-guide/concepts/attributes/index.md)
| 75.516129 | 448 | 0.78727 | spa_Latn | 0.924571 |
ed4fefaf6c2d9e0e9ad881cfd58abb49647b9772 | 2,511 | md | Markdown | README.md | miyabis/quick-open-item | 3fd1ecb19b38101c31179615e0327d00a3af9fea | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2020-02-06T09:34:30.000Z | 2020-06-19T13:54:58.000Z | README.md | miyabis/quick-open-item | 3fd1ecb19b38101c31179615e0327d00a3af9fea | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | miyabis/quick-open-item | 3fd1ecb19b38101c31179615e0327d00a3af9fea | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2020-06-25T13:28:43.000Z | 2022-02-25T09:58:11.000Z | # Quick Open Item
This package adds several fields to the toolbar of the main screen that allow the user to quickly open an item if they know the keyed name of that item.
## History
Release | Notes
--------|--------
[v1.0.0](https://github.com/ArasLabs/quick-open-item/releases/tag/v1.0.0) | Initial Release
#### Supported Aras Versions
Project | Aras
--------|--------
[v1.0.0](https://github.com/ArasLabs/quick-open-item/releases/tag/v1.0.0) | 12.0 SP1, 12.0 SP4
## Installation
#### Important!
**Always back up your code tree and database before applying an import package or code tree patch!**
### Pre-requisites
1. Aras Innovator installed (version 12.0 SPx preferred)
2. Aras Package Import tool
3. AF_QuickOpen import package
### Install Steps
#### Database Installation
1. Backup your database and store the BAK file in a safe place.
2. Open up the Aras Package Import tool.
3. Enter your login credentials and click **Login**
* _Note: You must login as root for the package import to succeed!_
4. Enter the package name in the TargetRelease field.
* Optional: Enter a description in the Description field.
5. Enter the path to your local `..\AF_QuickOpen\Import\imports.mf` file in the Manifest File field.
6. Select **AF_QuickOpen** in the Available for Import field.
7. Select Type = **Merge** and Mode = **Thorough Mode**.
8. Click **Import** in the top left corner.
9. Close the Aras Package Import tool.
You are now ready to login to Aras and try out the Quick Open functionality.
## Usage
1. Log in to Aras as admin.
2. In the toolbar at the top, select Part in the dropdown.
3. Enter in the Item Number of a Part in your database.
4. Click the open button.
5. Confirm that the Part with the given Item Number opens in a new tab.
## Contributing
1. Fork it!
2. Create your feature branch: `git checkout -b my-new-feature`
3. Commit your changes: `git commit -am 'Add some feature'`
4. Push to the branch: `git push origin my-new-feature`
5. Submit a pull request
For more information on contributing to this project, another Aras Labs project, or any Aras Community project, shoot us an email at [email protected].
## Credits
Original Aras community project written by Taha Elhariri at Aras Corp.
Documented and published by Chris Gillis for Aras Labs. @cgillis-aras
## License
Aras Labs projects are published to Github under the MIT license. See the [LICENSE file](./LICENSE) for license rights and limitations. | 34.39726 | 153 | 0.73875 | eng_Latn | 0.975064 |
ed5016d5d1b66a351319143ef0a1db6f52d9ea92 | 389 | md | Markdown | README.md | pyrooka/line-sampling | e37fd223abb44ebb973822ac6ee64cb11b46abc0 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | pyrooka/line-sampling | e37fd223abb44ebb973822ac6ee64cb11b46abc0 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | pyrooka/line-sampling | e37fd223abb44ebb973822ac6ee64cb11b46abc0 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Line sampling
This is a simple script for a university project. Nothing else.
## Usage
```
sampling.py [-h] [--thickness THICKNESS] image linelength dimension
```
Note: the thickness is not working well yet.
# Demo
```
python sampling.py 1.png 1000 10
```
```
python sampling.py 2.png 2000 5
```
```
python sampling.py 3.png 500 20
```
| 18.52381 | 67 | 0.676093 | eng_Latn | 0.746564 |
ed510402fa29bf0513302946b909f4c4e2ee0492 | 908 | md | Markdown | _books/2018-resilience-tome-1-les-terres-mortes.md | rbiiiii/territoires-memoire | 35ced953dc8cde36d573525f62c5e24f75ee0f0b | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _books/2018-resilience-tome-1-les-terres-mortes.md | rbiiiii/territoires-memoire | 35ced953dc8cde36d573525f62c5e24f75ee0f0b | [
"MIT"
] | 5 | 2020-01-08T08:36:24.000Z | 2021-10-08T12:44:47.000Z | _books/2018-resilience-tome-1-les-terres-mortes.md | rbiiiii/territoires-memoire | 35ced953dc8cde36d573525f62c5e24f75ee0f0b | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
version: 81
author: 'Augustin Lebon, Hugo Poupelin'
title: 'Résilience, tome 1. Les terres mortes'
col: Casterman
year: '2017'
price: '15,50 €'
book_link: https://www.casterman.com/Bande-dessinee/Catalogue/albums-resilience/resilience-1-les-terres-mortes
img_src: /assets/uploads/am-81-resilience-bgo.jpg
---
Selon le site Bédéthèque, « Résilience est au monde des O.G.M. ce que Mad Max est à celui du pétrole ». Récit d’anticipation écologique auquel viennent se greffer des adjuvants politiques : l’hégémonie de la multinationale Diosynta, et de son armée de miliciens, qui a force de privatisation totale et de brutalité, ont transformé l’Europe en un désert agricole, un monde pollué, violent et inégalitaire, où survivent des populations éprouvées. Parmi lesquelles Adam et Agnès, qui décident d’agir et d’intégrer le réseau de résistance baptisé « Résilience ». Et si le vent tournait ?
| 75.666667 | 584 | 0.773128 | fra_Latn | 0.957951 |
ed51dcc56e60751e47ba65805c18ad4ffd77c067 | 228 | md | Markdown | other-md/pdfcrop.md | michatran4/tux | 3e460e6b06c55c60ae0dc2ddcd746a0c8c86de0e | [
"Unlicense"
] | null | null | null | other-md/pdfcrop.md | michatran4/tux | 3e460e6b06c55c60ae0dc2ddcd746a0c8c86de0e | [
"Unlicense"
] | null | null | null | other-md/pdfcrop.md | michatran4/tux | 3e460e6b06c55c60ae0dc2ddcd746a0c8c86de0e | [
"Unlicense"
] | null | null | null | # pdfcrop
pdfcrop can be used to crop pdf files.
## Usage
- pdfcrop --margins 'left top right bottom' input.pdf output.pdf
Negative values for margins crop, and positive values add a white border.
*Page added on 2021-10-19*
| 20.727273 | 73 | 0.745614 | eng_Latn | 0.706591 |
ed522945dbf2774632123ede77f090bdaafac8ad | 605 | md | Markdown | Projects/weather_data_app/README.md | BhushanGitHub/bhushanGitHub.github.io | b958664b625fd4eb2ef758dbc82b4e0c648446bb | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | Projects/weather_data_app/README.md | BhushanGitHub/bhushanGitHub.github.io | b958664b625fd4eb2ef758dbc82b4e0c648446bb | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | Projects/weather_data_app/README.md | BhushanGitHub/bhushanGitHub.github.io | b958664b625fd4eb2ef758dbc82b4e0c648446bb | [
"MIT"
] | 3 | 2021-06-18T20:36:16.000Z | 2021-10-30T00:04:10.000Z | #### Weather Data App
The program will get current weather data for the City. It has two methods - get_weather_data – Parameter to the method is valid city. Returns weather data as received from OpenWeather API. get_time_in_readable_format - converts UTC time into readable format. process_weather - processes response from weather API. Creates weather object and - calls print_weather to print weather information in structured format. Weather class is blue print of weather object and has class method print_weather. User can request weather for a city multiple times before they quit by pressing Q/q.
| 151.25 | 581 | 0.814876 | eng_Latn | 0.998537 |
ed52dc1469b3b1fda4903f193da06479e02dbbe1 | 1,571 | md | Markdown | content/post/2019-06-28-MySQLテーブル内のデータをファイル抽出する/index.md | zatoima/zatoima.github.io | 85b2995ab8b945bd4aa185ec8f683318bcdd0034 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | content/post/2019-06-28-MySQLテーブル内のデータをファイル抽出する/index.md | zatoima/zatoima.github.io | 85b2995ab8b945bd4aa185ec8f683318bcdd0034 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | content/post/2019-06-28-MySQLテーブル内のデータをファイル抽出する/index.md | zatoima/zatoima.github.io | 85b2995ab8b945bd4aa185ec8f683318bcdd0034 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
# Documentation: https://sourcethemes.com/academic/docs/managing-content/
title: "MySQLテーブル内のデータをファイル抽出する"
subtitle: ""
summary: " "
tags: ["MySQL"]
categories: ["MySQL"]
url: mysql-file-exporttable.html
date: 2019-06-28
featured: false
draft: false
# Featured image
# To use, add an image named `featured.jpg/png` to your pages folder.
# Focal points: Smart, Center, TopLeft, Top, TopRight, Left, Right, BottomLeft, Bottom, BottomRight.
image:
caption: ""
focal_point: ""
preview_only: fals
---
ファイル出力方法は大きく分けて2種類ある
### <u>①リダイレクトによる出力</u>
```sql
echo 'SELECT * FROM t1 ' | mysql -u myuser -p<パスワード> mydb > /tmp/t1.dmp
```
### <u>②SELECT INTO OUTFILE を使用する</u>
```sql
SELECT * FROM t1 INTO OUTFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/t1.dmp' FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';
```
ファイルの書き込み先はsecure_file_privで許可されたところを指定する。
上記ディレクトリ以外を指定すると下記エラーが発生する。
```sql
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
```
```sql
mysql> SELECT @@secure_file_priv;
+-----------------------+
| @@secure_file_priv |
+-----------------------+
| /var/lib/mysql-files/ |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
```
### 参考
> MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 リファレンスマニュアル :: 13.2.9.1 SELECT ... INTO 構文 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/ja/select-into.html
>
> ```sql
> SELECT a,b,a+b INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/result.txt'
> FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
> LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
> FROM test_table;
> ```
>
> | 23.447761 | 121 | 0.630808 | yue_Hant | 0.716944 |
ed53a06214093be1b9aa8fc4966cac669e899db5 | 777 | md | Markdown | src/README.md | namburim/das-react-app | 3e8d827c40ae73c6914aecb0766106b12b11a19b | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | src/README.md | namburim/das-react-app | 3e8d827c40ae73c6914aecb0766106b12b11a19b | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | src/README.md | namburim/das-react-app | 3e8d827c40ae73c6914aecb0766106b12b11a19b | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | <h3> Demo App Features</h3>
<p> This app is on React 16.7.</p>
<p> Top Nav bar which supports routing using react router.</p>
<p> this app uses fetch to invoke Github API </p>
<h3> Features</h3>
<p> App Header with app logo and welcome note of logged in user</p>
<p> Click on each Topnav tabs to see their respective route using react router</p>
<p> Home tab has Search with type ahead as you type it invokes github api and shows github user.</p>
<p> Upon selection of git user it builds user Card with score</p>
<h3> How to run it</h3>
<ul>
<li> Check out project</li>
<li> run npm install example: <locationOfProject> npm i</li>
<li> to start the app <strong>npm start</strong></li>
<li> Go to http://localhost:8089 on browser</li>
<li> Happy clicking :-)</li>
</ul> | 37 | 100 | 0.698842 | eng_Latn | 0.963319 |
ed5402494589be5b68586cebb26cfb3395e03fc8 | 74 | md | Markdown | README.md | snddigitall/bf-toolkit | 8834bc9ddb6e175a52aae13fcfed1b784c72dc39 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2017-11-30T20:15:56.000Z | 2017-11-30T20:15:56.000Z | README.md | snddigitall/bf-toolkit | 8834bc9ddb6e175a52aae13fcfed1b784c72dc39 | [
"MIT"
] | 9 | 2017-12-08T13:43:23.000Z | 2018-01-15T18:15:58.000Z | README.md | snddigitall/bf-toolkit | 8834bc9ddb6e175a52aae13fcfed1b784c72dc39 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # bf-toolkit
A toolkit plugin containing multiple shortcodes to Wordpress
| 24.666667 | 60 | 0.837838 | eng_Latn | 0.976088 |
ed54a61e8aabf2da2f08eefcc58acb53576cca47 | 52 | md | Markdown | README.md | teguhdwic15/TKC-Flask-Image-Processing | 8a2b92c3d665a092b5f7fcb7af7e85e938123525 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | teguhdwic15/TKC-Flask-Image-Processing | 8a2b92c3d665a092b5f7fcb7af7e85e938123525 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | teguhdwic15/TKC-Flask-Image-Processing | 8a2b92c3d665a092b5f7fcb7af7e85e938123525 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | # TKC-Flask-Image-Processing
Flask Image Processing
| 17.333333 | 28 | 0.826923 | lvs_Latn | 0.208237 |
ed54a8dc312bfc1cd9433fe1faf592dd8ec1f6c0 | 1,331 | md | Markdown | sdk-api-src/content/dcommon/ns-dcommon-d2d_vector_2f.md | amorilio/sdk-api | 54ef418912715bd7df39c2561fbc3d1dcef37d7e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | sdk-api-src/content/dcommon/ns-dcommon-d2d_vector_2f.md | amorilio/sdk-api | 54ef418912715bd7df39c2561fbc3d1dcef37d7e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | sdk-api-src/content/dcommon/ns-dcommon-d2d_vector_2f.md | amorilio/sdk-api | 54ef418912715bd7df39c2561fbc3d1dcef37d7e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
UID: NS:dcommon.D2D_VECTOR_2F
title: D2D_VECTOR_2F (dcommon.h)
description: A vector of 2 FLOAT values (x, y).
helpviewer_keywords: ["D2D1_VECTOR_2F","D2D1_VECTOR_2F structure [Direct2D]","D2D_VECTOR_2F","d2d1_1/D2D1_VECTOR_2F","dcommon/D2D1_VECTOR_2F","direct2d.d2d1_vector_2f"]
old-location: direct2d\d2d1_vector_2f.htm
tech.root: Direct2D
ms.assetid: DD180090-D2F4-4DF3-8652-101713C01AE4
ms.date: 12/05/2018
ms.keywords: D2D1_VECTOR_2F, D2D1_VECTOR_2F structure [Direct2D], D2D_VECTOR_2F, d2d1_1/D2D1_VECTOR_2F, dcommon/D2D1_VECTOR_2F, direct2d.d2d1_vector_2f
req.header: dcommon.h
req.include-header:
req.target-type: Windows
req.target-min-winverclnt:
req.target-min-winversvr:
req.kmdf-ver:
req.umdf-ver:
req.ddi-compliance:
req.unicode-ansi:
req.idl:
req.max-support:
req.namespace:
req.assembly:
req.type-library:
req.lib:
req.dll:
req.irql:
targetos: Windows
req.typenames: D2D_VECTOR_2F
req.redist:
ms.custom: 19H1
f1_keywords:
- D2D_VECTOR_2F
- dcommon/D2D_VECTOR_2F
dev_langs:
- c++
topic_type:
- APIRef
- kbSyntax
api_type:
- HeaderDef
api_location:
- D2D1_1.h
- dcommon.h
api_name:
- D2D1_VECTOR_2F
---
# D2D_VECTOR_2F structure
## -description
A vector of 2 FLOAT values (x, y).
## -struct-fields
### -field x
The x value of the vector.
### -field y
The y value of the vector.
| 20.166667 | 168 | 0.758077 | yue_Hant | 0.449598 |
ed54e721f597d6b8d98eda83f3267b064e0e3de1 | 2,758 | md | Markdown | docs/ide/how-to-find-topics-in-the-table-of-contents.md | tommorris/visualstudio-docs.es-es | 651470ca234bb6db8391ae9f50ff23485896393c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/ide/how-to-find-topics-in-the-table-of-contents.md | tommorris/visualstudio-docs.es-es | 651470ca234bb6db8391ae9f50ff23485896393c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/ide/how-to-find-topics-in-the-table-of-contents.md | tommorris/visualstudio-docs.es-es | 651470ca234bb6db8391ae9f50ff23485896393c | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Uso de la tabla de contenido del Visor de Ayuda de Visual Studio
ms.date: 11/02/2017
ms.prod: visual-studio-dev15
ms.technology: vs-help-viewer
ms.topic: conceptual
f1_keywords:
- hv_contents
helpviewer_keywords:
- Help Viewer, table of contents filtering
- Help Viewer, Contents tab
- Contents tab [Help Viewer]
- table of contents filtering [Help Viewer]
ms.assetid: 8b98464d-2b05-4710-ad68-5647e78c6b7b
author: gewarren
ms.author: gewarren
manager: douge
ms.workload:
- multiple
ms.openlocfilehash: 6e7d9ae19cb2a37c6fbf6595a7f3a39895d22190
ms.sourcegitcommit: e13e61ddea6032a8282abe16131d9e136a927984
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: es-ES
ms.lasthandoff: 04/26/2018
ms.locfileid: "31945758"
---
# <a name="how-to-find-topics-in-the-table-of-contents"></a>Cómo: Buscar temas en la tabla de contenido
En la pestaña **Contenido**, puede usar la tabla de contenido (TDC) para buscar información. La tabla de contenido es una lista ampliable que contiene todos los temas en los libros instalados. Para obtener información de accesibilidad sobre cómo navegar por la TDC, vea [Teclas de método abreviado (Visor de Ayuda)](../ide/shortcut-keys-help-viewer.md).
> [!IMPORTANT]
> El ámbito de temas disponibles en la TDC depende del filtro seleccionado.
## <a name="filter-the-toc"></a>Filtrar la TDC
Puede filtrar la TDC para limitar el ámbito de temas que aparecen en la pestaña **Contenido**. Los títulos se muestran en la lista solo si contienen la raíz del término que especifique. Por ejemplo, si especifica "solucionar" como un filtro, solo aparecerán los títulos que contengan "solucionar" o "solucionar problemas". Los nodos cuyos títulos no contienen el término se contraen en un único nodo con puntos suspensivos (**...**).
1. Elija la pestaña **Contenido**.
2. En el cuadro de texto **Filtrar contenido**, escriba un término.
> [!NOTE]
> Si el filtro tarda mucho tiempo en ejecutarse, puede mostrar resultados más rápidamente mediante el operador de búsqueda avanzada `title:`.
## <a name="synchronize-a-topic-with-the-toc"></a>Sincronizar un tema con la TDC
Si abrió un tema mediante el índice o las características de búsqueda de texto completo, puede determinar dónde está este tema en la TDC sincronizándola con la ventana del tema.
1. Consulte un tema.
2. Haga clic en el botón **Mostrar tema en contenido** en la barra de herramientas o presione **Ctrl**+**S**.
Se abre la pestaña **Contenido** y se muestra la ubicación del tema en la TDC.
## <a name="see-also"></a>Vea también
- [Cómo: Buscar temas en el índice](../ide/how-to-find-topics-in-the-index.md)
- [Búsqueda de temas](../ide/how-to-search-for-topics.md)
- [Visor de Ayuda de Microsoft](../ide/microsoft-help-viewer.md) | 46.745763 | 433 | 0.75707 | spa_Latn | 0.973787 |
ed5510980e18b7f28b4d50e78ab3e6d89bb50315 | 170 | md | Markdown | Readme.md | jalmx/Curso-CBTIS-85 | 2c5845f899c17a8bcb5b5d5e963a77d9598ef5c8 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | Readme.md | jalmx/Curso-CBTIS-85 | 2c5845f899c17a8bcb5b5d5e963a77d9598ef5c8 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | Readme.md | jalmx/Curso-CBTIS-85 | 2c5845f899c17a8bcb5b5d5e963a77d9598ef5c8 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Curso de programación JAVA - CBTIS 85
Curso intensivo de programación 2018, en JAVA
## Vista
| 18.888889 | 70 | 0.741176 | spa_Latn | 0.530134 |
ed58795ef5d75a888bfa1506bb6b6cbc7bee29b6 | 139 | md | Markdown | README.md | callbacc/LogBot | c6faf97e9d50228a5811fa8c681f19ea49f04da0 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2020-08-20T19:23:21.000Z | 2020-08-21T05:13:22.000Z | README.md | callbacc/LogBot | c6faf97e9d50228a5811fa8c681f19ea49f04da0 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | callbacc/LogBot | c6faf97e9d50228a5811fa8c681f19ea49f04da0 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-08-20T19:23:15.000Z | 2020-08-20T19:23:15.000Z | # LogBot
# Install Guide:
1. Get the repo.
2. `npm install` and wait for it to be done. (You need Node.JS >= 12)
3. `node .`. Have fun!
| 19.857143 | 69 | 0.625899 | eng_Latn | 0.887363 |
ed58b2c4089314b7c2aad8b18f4c6abfa5b447b1 | 6,236 | md | Markdown | README.md | pieterlexis/ansible-dehydrated | a55f485afc392c57aabad5acc0720683acf538f9 | [
"MIT"
] | 6 | 2017-09-01T08:54:43.000Z | 2021-06-13T18:20:44.000Z | README.md | martin-v/ansible-letsencryptsh | a55f485afc392c57aabad5acc0720683acf538f9 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2018-07-01T22:15:08.000Z | 2020-09-24T09:51:41.000Z | README.md | martin-v/ansible-dehydrated | a55f485afc392c57aabad5acc0720683acf538f9 | [
"MIT"
] | 9 | 2017-08-21T13:33:42.000Z | 2020-11-09T22:09:49.000Z | dehydrated
==============
Install and configure `dehydrated`. Create user for privilege dropping
and cron configuration for certificate renewals.
**dehydrated is working with your private keys so be careful and review
the code of this [ansible role](https://github.com/martin-v/ansible-dehydrated)
an the used [dehydrated script](https://github.com/lukas2511/dehydrated/blob/116386486b3749e4c5e1b4da35904f30f8b2749b/dehydrated).**
For an example setup with nginx as https proxy take a look at ansible role [martin-v/ansible-nginx_https_only](https://github.com/martin-v/ansible-nginx_https_only)
Requirements
------------
The role installs on host:
* openssl
* curl
* sed
* grep
* mktemp
* git
This role need a webserver who serves the directory configured in `dehydrated_challengesdir`
(default: `/var/www/dehydrated/`) at location
`http://<your-domain>/.well-known/acme-challenge/` for all certificate
request domains.
Role Variables
--------------
### Required Variables:
#### dehydrated_contactemail
Address for the letsencrypt account. Mostly for certificate expiration notices,
but should be not happen if the cron job works fine.
dehydrated_contactemail: [email protected]
#### dehydrated_letsencrypt_agreed_terms
To accept the letsencrypt terms of service set the variable
`dehydrated_letsencrypt_agreed_terms` to the current license url.
You find the actual url at https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/terms.
dehydrated_letsencrypt_agreed_terms: https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf
#### dehydrated_domains
List of domains for certificate requests. For each line a certificate will
be created, in folder `/etc/dehydrated/certs/` with the name of the first
domain in line. The first domain is the common name, the other in line will
be alternate names for the certificate.
dehydrated_domains: |
example.com
example.org www.example.org blog.example.org
#### dehydrated_deploy_cert
The Certificates must be readable for services like apache or dovecot.
But only the specific services should be allowed to read the certificate
for this service. So we must change the owner/group to a specific value
for each certificate. For security reasons this can be only done by root
user.
To have a generic solution the variable `dehydrated_deploy_cert`
exists. This variable must contain bash script for certificate
deployments. Typical tasks on deployment are copy certificate to other
directories, change file owner/permissions and restart services.
This code is called similar as normal dehydrated hooks, but after the
complete dehydrated run and with root permissions. The code is called
once for each certificate that has been produced.
Parameters:
* `DOMAIN`
The primary domain name, i.e. the certificate common name (CN).
* `KEYFILE` (Filename: privkey.pem)
The path of the file containing the private key.
* `CERTFILE` (Filename: cert.pem)
The path of the file containing the signed certificate.
* `FULLCHAINFILE` (Filename: fullchain.pem)
The path of the file containing the full certificate chain.
* `CHAINFILE` (Filename: chain.pem)
The path of the file containing the intermediate certificate(s).
* `TIMESTAMP` (Filename: chain.pem)
Timestamp when the specified certificate was created.
Example:
dehydrated_deploy_cert: |
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}
cp "${KEYFILE}" "${CERTFILE}" "${FULLCHAINFILE}" "${CHAINFILE}" /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}
chown root:root /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}/*
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}/*
systemctl restart nginx.service
#### dehydrated_run_cron_on_every_ansible_run
This role trigger on each execution the cron script to create or update the certificates. To disabled this behavior
use:
dehydrated_run_cron_on_every_ansible_run: false
### Optional Variables:
#### dehydrated_challengesdir
Directory for acme-challenge files. Your webserver should make this directory
public on location `http://<your-domain>/.well-known/acme-challenge/` for all domains listed
before. This directory will be created if it not exist. It should be only
writable for dehydrated user and readable by your webserver, this will
be enforced by this role.
dehydrated_challengesdir: /var/www/dehydrated/
#### More variables
There are also some unusual variables for super user who need more control,
for details take look at `defaults/main.yml`
Dependencies
------------
None.
Example Playbook
----------------
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars_files:
- dehydrated_vars.yml
roles:
- martin-v.dehydrated
Example variables file
----------------------
dehydrated_contactemail: [email protected]
dehydrated_letsencrypt_agreed_terms: https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf
dehydrated_domains: |
example.com
example.org www.example.org blog.example.org
dehydrated_deploy_cert: |
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}
cp "${KEYFILE}" "${CERTFILE}" "${FULLCHAINFILE}" "${CHAINFILE}" /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}
chown root:root /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}/*
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/ssl/${DOMAIN}/*
systemctl restart nginx.service
Tips
----
To create certificates on ansible deployment, you can call the regular cron
script: `shell: "/etc/cron.weekly/dehydrated"`. The
[folder `tests`](https://github.com/martin-v/ansible-dehydrated/tree/master/tests)
contain a full running example.
For import from official letsencrypt client take a look at
[dehydrated import wiki page](https://github.com/lukas2511/dehydrated/wiki/Import-from-official-letsencrypt-client).
Open tasks
----------
[](https://travis-ci.org/martin-v/ansible-dehydrated)
[](https://semaphoreci.com/martin-v/ansible-dehydrated)
0. Use [molecule](https://molecule.readthedocs.io/) for better tests
License
-------
MIT
Author Information
------------------
This role was created in 2016 and improved in 2017 by [Martin V.](https://github.com/martin-v).
| 30.719212 | 166 | 0.746151 | eng_Latn | 0.951915 |
ed58cf67bb663792f52190c3dae50913c4a57587 | 147,938 | md | Markdown | _drafts/2020-06-01-child-sleep.md | sayanee/books | 1fb84cc4638fd04341e5ccc0fdfb46704142697a | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2016-05-12T18:46:23.000Z | 2017-09-13T07:07:27.000Z | _drafts/2020-06-01-child-sleep.md | sayanee/books | 1fb84cc4638fd04341e5ccc0fdfb46704142697a | [
"MIT"
] | 5 | 2018-08-10T02:11:59.000Z | 2021-07-15T07:10:04.000Z | _drafts/2020-06-01-child-sleep.md | sayanee/books | 1fb84cc4638fd04341e5ccc0fdfb46704142697a | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2016-08-16T05:52:01.000Z | 2016-08-16T05:52:01.000Z | ---
layout: post
title: "Healthy Sleep Habits, Happy Child, 4th Edition: A Step-by-Step Program for a Good Night's Sleep"
authors: Marc Weissbluth M.D.
---
Why sleep habits from infants is important
> The prevention and treatment of unhealthy sleep habits in infants and young children is important, because if those habits are uncorrected, they will persist. There is no automatic correction. Children do not simply outgrow these problems. Adult sleep specialists commonly see incurable adult insomniacs, chronically disabled from sleepiness and dependent on sleeping pills, who correctly describe themselves as never sleeping well as children.
Second wind
> Overtired children are fatigued, and the body’s natural response to fatigue is to fight it by producing a stimulating chemical. This “second wind” of stimulating energy causes a hyperalert or hypervigilant state that prevents easy entry into sleep or sleeping for long periods.
Sleep deficiency
> Likewise, **sleep deficiency in childhood may harm neurological development**; the problems remain “hidden,” not showing up until later. I think it is quite possible that unhealthy childhood sleep habits contribute to **school-related problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities**.
Emotional regulation
> I also suspect chronically tired children become chronically tired adults who suffer in ways we can’t measure, including less resiliency, less ability to cope with life’s stresses, less curiosity, less empathy, and less playfulness. The message is simple: **sleep is a powerful modifier of mood, behavior, performance, and personality**.
> Difficulties in learning how to walk used to occur when walkers were popular, because they interfered with the natural development of a normal gait. Difficulties in learning how to sleep occur when parents do not respect and protect the child’s natural, periodic need to sleep.
> And school itself has grown more demanding, with children expected to master more knowledge and skills at an earlier age than ever before, to say nothing of the demands placed on students by sports programs and other extracurricular activities. All of this runs the risk of interfering with naps and early bedtimes for children, ironically making it more difficult for them to learn. Sleep
> Let’s face it, no parent is perfect, and no baby does exactly what you expect. I will offer guidelines for you to pick and choose from and for you to modify to fit your family. Flexibility is absolutely essential to find what works for you and your child.
> 1. Sleep duration: night and day 2. Naps 3. Sleep consolidation 4. Sleep schedule, timing of sleep 5. Sleep regularity
> 1. At 6 weeks, night sleep lengthens. 2. At 12 to 16 weeks, daytime sleep regularizes, with two major naps and a variable third nap. 3. At 9 months, night waking for feeding disappears, as does the third nap. 4. At 12 to 21 months, the midmorning nap disappears. 5. At 3 to 4 years, the midday nap becomes less common.
> The pace of these changes is especially quick during the first several months, so it is easy for a parent to get a little off tempo. Just when you think you have figured out when your baby needs to nap or be put to bed at night, the circadian timing system sends your baby new instructions!
> The goal is to recognize and respect your child’s need to sleep and not do things that interfere with the natural sleep process.
> During their first few days, newborns sleep about sixteen to seventeen hours total each day, although their longest single sleep period is only four to five hours.
> Nursing mothers often worry unnecessarily that long sleep periods deprive their baby of adequate breast milk. Weight checks with the doctor will reassure you that all is well.
> Young infants are very portable. You can take them anywhere you want, and when they need to sleep, they will.
> After 6 weeks of age, he became more socially aware of people around him; after about 4 months of age, he, like all children, became interested in barking dogs, wind in the trees, clouds, and many other curious things, all of which could and did disturb his sleep, either by waking him up or by making him fight to stay awake.
> A much more likely candidate for influencing a baby’s sleeping patterns is the hormone melatonin, which is produced by the baby’s brain beginning at about 3 to 4 months of age. This hormone surges at night and has the capability to both induce drowsiness and relax the smooth muscles encircling the gut. So around 3 or 4 months of age, so-called day/night confusion and apparent abdominal cramps (colic) begin to disappear.
> What we can conclude, therefore, is that for infants under 3 or 4 months of age you should try to flow with the child’s need for sleep. Don’t expect predictable sleep schedules, and don’t try to enforce them rigidly.
> During the second half of the twentieth century, a trend toward earlier start times for high school developed. This forced children to get up earlier during the school week and reduced the total number of hours available for sleeping. At the same time, it became more popular for teenagers to hold part-time jobs after school, and participation in extracurricular sports became more prevalent and demanding, so teenagers were going to bed later. Further, the amount of homework has increased.
> In 9- to 16-year-olds, the timing of sleep, not just sleep duration, makes a big difference. Even when the sleep duration is the same, those children who went to bed later did less vigorous exercise each day and had more periods of physical inactivity than children with an earlier bedtime.
> Having a TV in the bedroom is associated with sleep problems and less sleeping. More recently, cell phone and computer use at night has pushed bedtimes even later.
> One easy thing you can do is keep all screen-based media devices out of the bedroom at bedtime.
> At 5 months of age, the infants who were cooing, smiling, adaptable, and regular (their sleep times and hungry times were around the same time every day) and who curiously approached unfamiliar things or people slept longer than infants with opposite characteristics.
> Infants who were fussy, crying, irritable, hard to handle, irregular, and more withdrawn slept almost three hours less overall, almost a 20 percent difference (three hours during the day and nine and a half hours at night, or twelve and a half hours total).
> infants who sleep more during the day are better able to learn from their environment; this is because they have a better-developed ability to maintain focused or sustained attention.
> By 3 years of age, the easier-to-manage children in my study—mild, positive in mood, adaptable, and more likely to approach unfamiliar people—slept twelve and a half hours total.
> An important conclusion is that 3-year-olds who nap are more adaptable than those who do not. But napping did not affect the length of sleep at night. Comparing nappers and non-nappers, night sleep duration was ten and a half hours in both groups.
> Therefore, it simply is not true that children who miss naps will “make up” for it by sleeping more at night. In fact, the sleep they miss is gone forever.
> These higher cognitive abilities appear to be essential for academic performance and success. In contrast, there were no deficits on rote performance or less complex memory and learning tasks.
> My interpretation of this study is that chronic sleepiness in infants and young children impairs cognitive development, but this does not become apparent until the child is much older and challenged by more complex tasks.
> When children are younger, the challenges they face are at a much lower level, and these chronically sleep-deprived children may still do well with spelling, writing, reading, and simple arithmetic. Later, when they are older, more demanding academic challenges unmask the cognitive deficits lurking there all along.
> This increase has been noted in some other studies and suggests that teenagers need more sleep than preteens. Yet, as noted previously, academic demands, social events, and school sports combine during adolescence to pressure teenagers to stay up later and later.
> Level Description 1. Feeling active and vital; alert; wide awake 2. Functioning at a high level, but not at peak; still able to concentrate 3. Relaxed; awake; not at full alertness; responsive 4. A little foggy; not at peak; let down
> Fogginess; beginning to lose interest in remaining awake; slowed down 6. Sleepiness; preferring to be lying down; fighting sleep; woozy 7. Almost in reverie; sleep onset soon; lost struggle to remain awake
> While it is true that infants who are usually well rested yawn on occasions when they are overtired, it seems that chronically sleepy infants do not yawn much or nod off. Instead, when most young kids get too sleepy, they get grumpy and excitable.
> In this study, adult volunteers reported their moods on four scales: 1. Tired to rested 2. Sluggish to alert 3. Irritable to calm 4. Tense to relaxed
> fatigue produces an increase in adrenaline concentrations. That is, when we are tired, our body chemically responds with a burst of adrenaline to give us more drive or energy. We become more aroused, alert, and excitable. Concentrations of cortisol also increase with increasing alertness. In children, cortisol concentrations remain high when they do not nap.
> Here are some terms used by professionals to describe the behavior of hyperalert children with disturbed sleep: Physiological activation Neurological arousal Excessive wakefulness Emotional reactivity Heightened sensitivity
> In dramatic contrast, over and over again I have seen well-rested children in my practice who spend enormous amounts of time in a state of quiet alertness. They take in everything with wide-open eyes, never missing a thing. They find simple little toys amusing or curious. They never appear bored, even though the toy they pick up may be one they have played with many times. The
> A calm and alert state is a sign of sleeping well. Upon awakening, well-rested children are in good cheer and are able to play by themselves.
> the harmful effects of excessive daytime sleepiness do not stay the same, but rather tend to accumulate. This means that there is a progressive worsening in a child’s mood and performance even when the amount of lost sleep each day or night is constant.
> The childhood-onset insomniacs take longer to fall asleep and sleep less than adult-onset insomniacs. I think these data support the hypothesis that the failure to establish good sleeping habits in infancy or early childhood has long-term harmful effects, such as adult insomnia.
> But many children suffering from insufficient sleep appear fine during most of the day, only to exhibit the symptoms listed below as the sleep tank begins to go dry near the end of the day (4:00–5:00 p.m. for children under the age of 3 years, and 5:00–7:00 p.m. for children 3 years and older). This is known as the “witching hour.” A child experiencing the witching hour may be irritable, easily upset, clinging, whining, fussy, peevish, or, in the words of one mother, “clawing at my breast.”
> This state of hyperarousal is most obvious in a young child in the late afternoon or early evening when his sleep tank is almost empty and he is running on fumes because of missed naps, bedtimes that are too late, or both.
> Not napping well causes his sleep tank to go toward empty by the end of the day and results in an even higher state of arousal, so it now becomes even more difficult for him to easily fall asleep and stay asleep at night.
> Of course, the child eventually crashes. But before he does so, he is in an unhealthy state that gives rise to stressful parent-child interactions, stressful interactions between parents, and stress for each parent as an individual.
> It’s a virtuous circle: sleep begets sleep. It’s also a vicious circle: sleeplessness begets sleeplessness.
> A study published in 2015 showed that naps enhance the consolidation of memory among infants at 6 and 12 months. Further, infants who have longer naps are better able to remember novel actions than infants who take naps for 30 minutes or less.
> Although sleep inertia might result from cumulative sleepiness from a too-late bedtime, my observation is that it can also result from a too-long interval of wakefulness before the nap.
> So it is entirely possible that during the first 4 months of a newborn’s life, when sleep states are developing, partial states express themselves out of phase and in conjunction with other states, creating overlap problems that we refer to as fussiness, colic, or sleep inertia.
> I believe that healthy naps lead to optimal daytime alertness for learning—that is, naps adjust the alert/drowsy control to just the right setting for optimal daytime arousal. Without naps, the child is too drowsy to learn well.
> …A lack of sleep in contexts that rely on young children’s mastery of new information (e.g., preschool) may have significant and potentially dire long-term consequences.”
> Another study, by Dr. Janice Bell, showed that “insufficient nighttime sleep among infants and preschool-aged children may be a lasting risk factor for subsequent obesity. Napping does not appear to be a substitute for nighttime sleep” (emphasis added).
> Not only are naps different from night sleep, but not every nap is created equal. There is more REM sleep in the midmorning nap compared to the midday nap. During a nap, the duration of REM sleep within a nap, not simply the total duration of the nap, is related to creative problem solving.
> Research also suggests that high amounts of REM sleep, under the influence of low melatonin levels, help direct the course of brain maturation in early life.
> Because naps have their own function and do their job best when they occur at the right time, I suggest that if a nap has been missed, try to keep your child up until the next sleep period in order to maintain the timeliness of the sleep rhythm.
> My studies show that at 4 months of age, most children take either two or three naps. The third nap, if taken, tends to be brief and in the late afternoon or early evening.
> But by 6 months of age, the vast majority of children (84 percent) are taking only two naps; by 9 months of age, virtually all children are taking just one or two naps.
> The single nap that is present by 21 months and resurfaces in adolescence or adulthood is always the midday or later-afternoon nap. Infants and young children have much more REM sleep at night than older children, and the midmorning nap has more REM sleep than the midday nap;
> Not all sleep periods are created equal! Long naps do not compensate for late bedtimes. Sleep quality, not just sleep duration, is an essential component of healthy sleep.
> Late bedtimes rob your child of deep, restorative sleep occurring before midnight, and this lost high-quality sleep is not made up for by lighter early morning sleep or additional daytime sleep. Long naps are not a substitute for less night sleep.
> Sleep is not the absence of wakefulness; rather, the brain automatically and actively turns on the sleep process and simultaneously turns off wakefulness. You and your child can force wakefulness upon sleep, but you cannot force sleep upon wakefulness.
> My interpretation is that by 21 months, biology is no longer the primary influence on napping; social factors begin to play a role.
> As mentioned before, there is more active REM sleep than quiet sleep in the first nap, and this pattern is reversed in the second nap. So naps occurring at different times are different! Even for adults, a nap earlier in the day is lighter and less restorative than an midday nap, which consists of deeper sleep.
> Do not expect your baby to nap well outside his crib after 4 months of age. If you don’t protect your baby’s nap schedules, you can produce nap deprivation.
> By 3 years of age, children who do not nap or who nap very little are often described as nonadaptable or even hyperactive. Adaptability is thought to be a very important trait for school success.
> Earlier bedtimes help prevent bedtime battles, deter night waking, discourage extremely early morning awakenings, and regularize and prolong naps.
> These parents mistakenly think that a later bedtime will make the child more tired and resist sleep less.
> We started off with a 7:00 p.m. bedtime. She still woke up in the late evening to eat, but we put her promptly back to bed. There were a few bumps in the road for the first couple of nights—sometimes she would wake up a few times and cry—but we kept at it. After a few days, Jaden went from sleeping a four-to-five-hour stretch in the evening, to seven, then eight, then nine or ten hours a night.
> Her daytime naps even seemed longer and more restful. She is now 7 months old. We now try to get her down between 6:00 and 6:30 each night, and she is extremely happy about it. (So are we!)
> It has been almost four weeks since our 9-month appointment. Bedtime is an absolute joy. Meg eats dinner, takes a bath, and is in bed about 6:30 p.m.
> Much to our shock and delight, the first night we tried the new routine, Jared was asleep after five minutes of crying, and remained asleep for eleven hours, not waking until 5:30 the next morning.
> Jared wakes up happy, energized, and ready for a day full of adventures. Now, several months later, Jared is most happy when going to bed at 6:30 p.m., and will go to his bed himself if he is tired.
> Family, friends, even strangers constantly tell us what a happy, cheerful child we have. The reality is that she is a very well-rested child.
> Of course, once in a while—when relatives visit or when a painful ear infection keeps the child awake—a child will make up for lost daytime sleep with longer night sleep. But day in and day out, you should not expect to satisfy your child’s need to sleep by cutting corners on naps and then trying to compensate by putting your child to sleep for the night at an earlier hour.
> How well do you nap in a car or on a plane compared to in your bed? I think babies have better-quality, more restorative sleep when they are sleeping in a stationary crib, bed, or bassinet. Vibration or motion during sleep appears to force the brain to a lighter sleep state and reduce the restorative power of the nap.
> In general, however, as the brain matures, the child’s increasing curiosity and social awareness make it more difficult to have good naps outside, so be careful.
> Consolidated sleep means uninterrupted sleep, sleep that is continuous and not disrupted by awakenings. Slumber broken by awakenings or complete arousals is known as disrupted sleep or sleep fragmentation. Abnormal shifts of sleep rhythms toward lighter sleep, even if we do not awaken completely, may also cause sleep fragmentation.
> The effects of sleep fragmentation are similar to the effects of reduced total sleep: daytime sleepiness increases and performance measurably decreases.
> Arousals may also prevent crib death, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which kills young infants. This tragedy might be caused by a failure to maintain breathing during sleep or a failure to awaken when breathing starts to become difficult.
> After 4 months, naps of much less than one hour cannot count as “real” naps. Sometimes a nap of forty-five minutes may be all your child needs, but naps of less than thirty minutes don’t help.
> After 6 weeks of age, the peak of wakefulness and fussiness passes, and babies sleep longer at night. So do moms! Also, babies start social smiling at their parents, and they become less fussy or irritable.
> Mothers, especially nursing mothers, should learn to nap when their baby naps. You never know what the night will bring; you might be up a lot holding, walking, or nursing.
> It is important to have a fairly regular routine of soothing events before putting your child to sleep, but it makes biological sense to vary the bedtime a little.
> If your child is unusually active in the afternoon or if she misses a good midday nap, then she should be put to sleep earlier.
> If the parent returns very late, the child should be put to bed as usual; keeping a tired child up to play with a tired parent does no one any good.
> Morning time includes bathing, dressing, feeding, and playing, and may substitute for evening time. Because of the family’s early bedtime, the weekends are enjoyably relaxed since everyone is well rested.
> For young children in day care, dual-career families with long commutes, and older children with scheduled activities, it may be impossible to catch that magical drowsy state. These children will be better off if the bedtime occurs at approximately the same time every night.
> Dr. Bates hypothesized that those children with chronically variable sleep schedules might experience states similar to jet lag syndrome, characterized as nagging fatigue and cognitive disorientation.
> The researchers discovered that a more irregular sleep schedule was associated with more daytime sleepiness. These teenagers had lower grades, more injuries associated with alcohol or drugs, and more days missed from school.
> So it makes sense to vary the bedtime by thirty to sixty minutes—but no more than that—based on how your child looks and behaves during the late afternoon.
> After 6 weeks of age, as temperatures fall more with sleep, the sleep periods get longer. By 12 to 16 weeks, all babies show consistent temperature rhythms.
> The magic moment is a slight quieting, a lull in being busy, a slight staring off, and a hint of calmness. If you catch this wave of tiredness and put the child to sleep then, there will be no crying.
> Not only do the adults describe themselves as more sleepy and mentally exhausted, but they also feel more stressed. The stress may be a direct consequence of partial sleep deprivation or it may result from the challenge of coping with increasing amounts of daytime sleepiness.
> Part of the problem is, of course, that we don’t have yardsticks to measure items such as creativity or empathy, so we do not yet have a way to measure the contribution that healthy sleep during childhood might make.
> Because the change in routine was small and in the past, they don’t even think about it. But during our conversation they will recall that because of the longer spring and summer days, or because “it didn’t seem to cause any problems,” they pushed the child’s bedtime back.
> Contrary to many parents’ fears, sleeping on the back does not cause a misshapen skull. In the past, tradition and social circumstances dictated which sleeping position most parents selected. Now it appears that sleeping on the back is healthier because it helps prevent sudden infant death syndrome.
> Actually, leaving the child alone allows the child to learn to sleep in different positions. If you roll your child back and he instantaneously returns to sleep, obviously there is no problem.
> Place your baby to sleep on his back for every sleep up to 1 year of age. If he rolls onto his stomach by himself, he may be left in that position. Place your baby to sleep on a firm sleep surface. Keep soft objects, loose bedding, or any objects that could increase the risk of entrapment, suffocation, or strangulation out of the crib. Place your baby to sleep in the same room where you sleep but not the same bed. Breast-feed as much and for as long as you can. Schedule and go to all well-child visits. Keep your baby away from smokers and places where people smoke. Do not let your baby get too hot.
> The single most important fact to remember is that the time when sleep occurs may be more important than the duration of the sleep period. You can’t fight circadian rhythms!
> Sleep that occurs in sync with circadian rhythms is more restorative and of better quality than sleep that occurs out of sync with circadian rhythms. Jet lag syndrome is an example of sleep not in sync with circadian rhythms.
> “that those who are chronically sleep deprived may no longer be capable of reliably appraising their own sleepiness.…[This] may explain why sleep restriction is widely practiced: People have the subjective impression they have adapted to it because they don’t feel particularly sleepy.”
> But here’s the good news: we know now that the brain primarily makes up for sleep loss by increasing sleep intensity (slow-wave EEG activity during non-REM sleep), and not necessarily by increasing sleep duration.
> More children have a television in their bedrooms and use their computers or cell phones at night, causing the bedtime to be later. More mothers with young children are in the labor force, and the use of center-based day care has increased, rendering quality naps and early bedtimes more difficult to obtain.
> Family conflict and marital strife. Family conflict at ages 7–15 years predicts insomnia at age 18,
> Emotional unavailability of the mother at bedtime (measured by using multiple video cameras) predicts infant sleep quality for children 1–24 months of age.
> Feeding or attending to the child whenever the child vocalizes,
> Parental presence in bedroom until child falls asleep. Maternal smoking during pregnancy. Television in the child’s bedroom. Caffeine consumption in older children. Eczema and snoring should be discussed with your child’s health care provider. Bed sharing during the first 6 months is associated with chronic awakenings.
> The elements of healthy sleep are: 1. Sleep duration: night and day.
> 2. Naps. Is your child taking naps, or do you sometimes or often skip naps?
> 3. Sleep consolidation. Is the sleep interrupted (fragmented) or uninterrupted (consolidated)?
> 4. Sleep schedule, timing of sleep. Do naps start and bedtimes begin just when your child is becoming drowsy? A bedtime that is too late will produce an abnormal daytime sleep schedule.
> 5. Sleep regularity. Do naps or bedtimes occur at approximately the same times?
> 6. Prevent sudden infant death syndrome (see this page). Recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics include room sharing but not bed sharing, and having the baby sleep on its back, not its stomach or side.
> Our goal is to have well-rested families. But always remember, the amount of sleep our children need is measured by mood, behavior, and performance, not by hours on a clock. The best advice I can give parents is this: let your child’s natural sleep rhythms do their job without unnecessary interference!
> Of course, children will spontaneously fall asleep when totally exhausted—“crashing” is a biological necessity! But this is unhealthy, because extreme fatigue (often identified by “wired” behavior immediately preceding the crash) interferes with normal social interactions and even learning.
> Once, mistakenly, it was widely believed that the early introduction of solid foods helped babies sleep better and, separately, that fatter babies were healthier babies. At that time, the dangers of food allergies and obesity were not recognized.
> Challenges to Nurture Babies Urban stimulation
> Social isolation (forcing only the mother to be wholly responsible for the baby’s soothing and sleeping) may cause intense stress for the mother.
> Busy modern lifestyles mean that parents have many things to do and little time to do them; sometimes they have to take their baby with them even at sleep times.
> Fathers or mothers who have a long commute and return home from work late want to play with their baby, and so they keep their baby up too late at night. Digital and social media distraction interferes with healthy sleep routines.
> The sleeping brain is not a resting brain. 2. The sleeping brain functions in a different manner than the waking brain. 3. The activity and work of the sleeping brain are purposeful. 4. The process of falling asleep is learned. 5. Providing the growing brain with sufficient sleep is necessary for developing the ability to concentrate and fostering an easier temperament.
> The notion of optimal wakefulness, also called optimal alertness, is important, because we tend to think about the states of sleep and waking
> Sleep is the power source that keeps your mind alert and calm. Every night and at every nap, sleep recharges the brain’s battery. Sleeping well increases brainpower just as lifting weights builds stronger muscles, because sleeping well increases your attention span and allows you to be physically relaxed and mentally alert at the same time.
> Sweet, bright, and caring children who are receiving unhealthy sleep will become even sweeter, brighter, and more caring when they get healthier sleep. My research shows that sleep modulates temperament, so sleeping better makes children more adaptable, cooperative, and calmer.
> We should not be surprised that sleep deficiency is dangerous, because we know that iron deficiency in babies can cause permanent harm. Specifically, iron-deficient babies become adolescents with poorer cognitive functioning and then become adults with poorer emotional health, more negative emotions, and feelings of isolation.
> Sleep, like iron, is a biological necessity. Both are important for brain development.
> Short-term sleep deprivation for airplane pilots, doctors in training, and truck drivers is so dangerous that sleep requirements for these occupations are highly regulated.
> Children age 2 to 3 years who had problems getting to sleep and staying asleep had higher levels of both internalizing and externalizing behaviors (externalizing behaviors are directed against others or things and might manifest in such ways as overactivity, anger, aggression, impulsivity, tantrums, and annoying behavior).
> There are strong indications that sleep and brain maturation are closely related.…I believe inadequate sleep in childhood may affect the maturation of the brain related to the emergence of development or mood disorders.”
> Less sleep is associated with aggression, defiance, noncompliance, oppositional behavior, acting out, and hyperactivity.
> [C]umulative small additions to sleep duration potentially improve functioning in school” (emphasis added). I know it goes against the grain of human nature to believe that such small changes could have such a profound impact, but the data bear it out
> Although late bedtimes (at or after 11:45 p.m.) were linked to shorter amount of total sleep time, total sleep time was not linked to emotional distress. So sleep before midnight is associated with better emotional health independent of total sleep time! In
> Experimental sleep deprivation studies in adults show that sleep deprivation temporarily changes brain function. These changes can manifest as impairments in interpersonal functioning, such as reduced empathy toward others.
> Short sleep duration in adolescents is associated with higher blood pressure, higher cholesterol, and higher insulin resistance (a risk factor for developing diabetes). Increased susceptibility to infection, increased stress hormone, and systemic inflammation also result from not sleeping well.
> Naps reduce cortisol levels in infants. Naps in preschool children boost memory. In adults, naps enhance creative problem solving.
> there was a strong association between the amount of time infants were in REM sleep and the amount of time they spent when awake in the behavioral state called “quiet alertness.” In the quiet alert state, babies have open, bright eyes, they appear alert, their eyes are scanning, their faces are relaxed, and they do not smile or frown. Their bodies are relatively quiet and inactive.
> Infants who are notoriously not quiet alert are those with colic or a difficult temperament. Their fussy behavior may be due to imbalances of internal chemicals such as progesterone or even cortisol. High cortisol concentrations in infants have been shown to be associated with decreased duration of non-REM sleep.
> I’ve found that how long the infant sleeps during the day is strongly associated with persistence or attention span. Infants who take long naps have longer attention spans. They spend more time in the quiet alert state and seem to learn faster.
> The truth is that these infant-stimulation groups are often not important for infants but instead serve legitimate parental needs by allowing mothers and fathers to meet other parents and escape from their isolation at home.
> The research papers agree that healthy sleep enhances cognitive development because sleep incorporates learning into permanent memory or causes memory consolidation, and that sleep enhances organizational skills, planning, multitasking, and executive functioning.
> The parents’ responses overwhelmingly supported the following simple conclusions: 1. Because your older child appreciates how she feels better with healthy sleep, she strives for sleep.
> 2. Healthy sleep continues in the older child because the parents have established a foundation for it:
> Times and events changed as they aged, but the main idea was still the same: consistency in our healthy choices—food, exercise, and sleep. We did not specifically have to tell our high school or college age children to go to bed; it was a routine that grew with our family.
> What we learned very early on was to stick to a schedule a majority of the time, and when the exceptions happen, the healthy habits are still intact.
> model healthy sleep routines myself. Go to bed early, read rather than watch TV before bed, and keep the bedroom for sleeping and quieter activities.
> In fact, we believe it helped us learn how to prioritize how, when, and where we spent our time. As a result, we see our children making similar choices on their own.
> The number one reason, we believe, the bedtime process is relatively easy is 100 percent a result of the commitment and understanding from the early months and years. They love to sleep. They find their beds a safe and restful place.
> your child needs a great deal of sleep, your child will be happy and healthy when they are rested, and your family will benefit from rested children.
> He is now 13, and even with his homework load, a five-nights/week swim schedule, and weekly youth group participation, Trystan “owns” the decision to head up to bed by 9:00 p.m. each evening.
> In the beginning, it may not be easy to follow guidelines for healthy sleep because family and friends will resist your emphasis on healthy sleep schedules. They do this because your child’s need-to-sleep schedule may conflict with their social schedule. They will accuse you of being too rigid,
> Remember, the key message is that there will be less resistance from your older child because he or she will have developed more self-awareness or body awareness regarding how it feels to be well rested versus short on sleep.
> I want to emphasize that when family routines and consistency in living according to your family values are practiced from the beginning, the preteen and teenage years are more manageable.
> We had to reinforce the benefits of sleep, things like not having shadows under their eyes, keeping the diary of how much better they felt when well rested, and performing better in sports.
> Sleep problems in children may cause depression in mothers. However, maternal depression may also cause sleep problems in children
> Nighttime entertainment, sports, and socializing are so common today that we don’t even think about it. But it wasn’t always so. I suspect that most adults used to have an earlier bedtime, and I suspect that very young children who were too young to do chores or work by candlelight also went to bed earlier than today.
> Hopefully in the future it will become common knowledge that television does not belong in your child’s bedroom. In fact, all screen-based electronic media used by children at night may cause the bedtime to become later.
> Occasionally they feel a little like outcasts because they refuse to frequently socialize late at night with other parents or relatives with their child. Sometimes not attending late night events or leaving early may have social costs. Similarly, parents may choose not to participate in playdates as frequently or go to family barbeques on weekends if they interfere with naps.
> When in doubt about whether to attend a social event with your child that will cause a late bedtime or a missed nap, I always encourage a family to attend the event. After the event, I recommend they consider a super-early bedtime for one night only, to repay a sleep debt.
> Self-soothing is the ability of your child to fall deeply asleep with or without a pacifier or swaddling after becoming drowsy from a parent’s soothing efforts. The drowsy child is placed in a crib before she is in a deep sleep and allowed to fall asleep on her own, without parental intervention.
> However, the motion of rocking or pushing your baby for hours in a stroller for “soothing” might rob your baby of more restorative deep sleep even though he is in light slumber.
> My impression is that self-soothing skills are a prerequisite for long-term healthy sleep habits, and the earlier they are developed, the easier it is for the entire family.
> If your baby always falls asleep in his mother’s arms after feeding, then he is less able to develop self-soothing skills because he learns to fall asleep only in association with his mother’s body odor, skin contact, heartbeat and breathing rhythm, and rocking motions. After breast-feeding, the mother should sometimes pass her child to someone else for soothing to sleep.
> Mothers were initially sometimes doubtful either of their husband’s coping or of their own ability to tolerate these new arrangements.” Research suggests that mothers play the role of “gatekeeping,” either encouraging or inhibiting the father’s involvement.
> But remember, falling asleep under different conditions promotes the learning of self-soothing skills. Dads might be available only on weekends and only for naps. No matter. Some attempts are better than none. So get dads, or others, on board!
> the mother is giving expressed breast milk in a bottle, fathers and babies may have an easier time accomplishing the feeding if the mother actually leaves the house. This is because the baby can smell the mother’s presence and might resist taking the bottle if he knows his mother is home.
> This is a little bit tricky because many mothers have the attitude that nobody can do the soothing as well as they can, and also that dads need their rest so they can go out to work well rested in the morning.
> If your child often shows signs of fatigue, note how long he has been awake and the next time begin the soothing-to-sleep routine about twenty minutes earlier. It is not necessary for your child to always be drowsy and awake when you put him down.
> There is nothing wrong if your newborn sometimes or usually falls asleep at your breast, in your arms, on Dad’s chest, or in the swing, car, or stroller. If he falls asleep during feeding, do not awaken him.
> But here is the problem: if he is always in a deep sleep state when you put him down, then he has no opportunity to learn self-soothing skills. So I suggest that you sometimes put him down after soothing, drowsy but awake.
> The baby should be awake when you put her down for her nap. You aren’t trying to ease her down and then sneak out—you want her to be able to fall asleep on her own, without rocking, patting, and so on.
> Junk sleep has no label to read, so instead you must learn to “read” your child. Even when there is not a full-blown “witching hour,” a child might often have mild fussiness or irritability in the late afternoon.
> A study of children at 3, 6, and 11 months of age showed that increased night sleep is associated with an increased likelihood of approaching new and strange people and things. But fragmented sleep between 6 and 36 months of age is associated with a more difficult temperament.
> When you put him down drowsy but awake and he cries hard, immediately pick him up for more soothing and try again some other time that day or the next day. If he makes very quiet sounds, wait and see. He might drift off to sleep or begin to cry hard. If he now begins to cry hard, quickly pick him up.
> What exactly is soothing to a drowsy state? Soothing is restoring a peaceful state. To soothe your newborn is to render her calm or quiet, to bring her to a composed condition by reducing the force or intensity of fussiness or crying.
> Bodily contact, sucking, and gentle rhythmic motions over long periods of time seem to work best for soothing. Sometimes loud mechanical sounds like the garbage disposal or hair dryer seem to help.
> Rhythmic motions are one of the most effective methods of soothing your infant. Use a cradle, rocking chair, baby swing, or Snugli; take the baby for automobile rides, dance with her, or simply walk with her.
> Rhythmic rocking motions might occur in an old-fashioned cradle, a swing, a stroller, your car, or when your baby is carried in your arms or an infant carrier. These activities are fine for soothing, but not for sleeping.
> Sure, your baby can fall asleep in the moving cradle or swing. But it will probably be a light sleep, and your child will miss the full restorative benefit of deeper sleep. Remember, think of sleep quality, not just sleep quantity. In
> As a generalization, I think that planning for naps at home helps parents organize schedules and think about consolidated sleep, naps in sync with biologic rhythms, and reasonably early bedtimes. In contrast, I think that frequent napping in shopping malls and other busy places is associated with children who tend to be chronically mildly short on sleep, so they crash despite all the stimulation around them.
> Wait a minute: of course premature babies are born early! No, not just premature babies—all babies. The theory is that human babies are born earlier compared to other primate babies because as human pelvic bones evolved to support an upright posture, they became narrower. Thus human babies had to be smaller at the time of birth in order to pass through the pelvic opening.
> One particular advantage to massaging your newborn is that the mother or father also directly benefits from this activity. While lovingly stroking your baby, you smile at your baby, talk softly, or sing or hum.
> Since fathers cannot breast-feed their babies, I encourage them to develop an intimate bond with their newborn by practicing baby massage right away—even before any fussiness begins.
> SOOTHING There are many ways to soothe babies but only a few major themes. 1. Rhythmic rocking:
> 2. Sucking: breast, bottle, pacifier, wrist, fingers 3. Gentle pressure: swaddling, massage, soft cloth carriers 4. Sounds: lullabies
> The group also agreed that dads sometimes seemed more effective in soothing because they had a more matter-of-fact approach and talked to the babies as if they were adults.
> think that more mothers and fathers might experiment with a few minutes of quiet crying to allow self-soothing at night in the newborn period if they feel comfortable.
> RESOURCES FOR PARENTS’ ABILITY TO SOOTHE • Father involvement versus absent father • Agreements or disagreements between parents regarding child rearing, such as breast- versus bottle-feeding or crib versus family bed • Absence or presence of marital discord • Absence or presence of intimacy between wife and husband • Absence or presence of baby blues or postpartum depression • Absence or presence of other children requiring attention • Ease or difficulty in breast-feeding • Absence or presence of medical problems in child, mother, father, or other children • Number of bedrooms in the home • Absence or presence of relatives, friends, or neighbors to help out • Help or interference with sleep routines from grandparents • Ability or inability to afford housekeeping help • Ability or inability to afford child care help • Absence or presence of financial pressures such as mother having to return to work soon
> I tell families that the brain wakes up after three or four days, just in time to catch the breast milk that is now available in ample amounts. The baby looks around more with wider eyes and is able to suck with more strength and for longer periods. Within days, the weight loss stops and a dramatic growth in weight, height, and head circumference begins.
> Watch for the signs of drowsiness—quieting of activity, less movement of the arms and legs, eyes that are not as sparkling, eyelids that droop a little, less intense staring at you, and sucking that may be weaker or slower
> If your baby is over 6 weeks old, you may notice less socially responsive smiling, or your baby may be less engaging. This is the time to begin soothing to sleep. All babies become this way within one to two hours of waking.
> But you will have a more peaceful and better-sleeping baby if you respect his need to sleep again within one to two hours after waking. I consider this to be the beginning of teaching self-soothing for babies.
> Before sleep times, reduce stimulation: less noise, dimmer lights, less handling, less playing, lower levels of activity Bedroom should be quiet, dark (use room-darkening shades), and warm, but not too warm
> Bathe Massage after bath with smooth, gentle motions Dress for sleep Swaddle if it comforts and relaxes your baby; use a blanket warm from the clothes dryer Lullaby, quiet singing, listening to music, or humming words, sounds, or phrases Rock Cuddle
> In addition to being consistent in your bedtime routines, try to cultivate patience, because it may take time for your child to get the message that this is not playtime.
> Ask yourself these questions: 1. Do you spend a total of more than three hours per day soothing your baby to prevent crying?
> 2. Do you behave this way more than three days per week?
> 3. Have you been doing this for more than three weeks? If you answered yes to all three questions, then your baby has colic.
> If you answered no to some of the questions but your baby fusses often, especially in the evening and especially around 6 weeks of age, then your baby has common fussiness.
> At night, breast-fed babies are often fed more frequently than formula-fed babies, but it is not known whether this is caused by the breast-feeding mother responding more promptly to her baby’s quiet sounds or whether breast milk is digested faster, causing the baby to wake up more often.
> There are three ways to tell if your baby is truly hungry at night: 1. Pay attention to the suck-swallow pattern. A hungry baby sucks, fills up her mouth, and swallows, so the pattern is suck-swallow, suck-swallow, suck-swallow, and so forth.
> 2. Offer a bottle immediately after breast-feeding in the middle of the night. The well-fed breast-fed baby will not take much from the bottle.
> 3. Once, have Dad offer a bottle instead of Mom breast-feeding in the middle of the night. If your baby is truly hungry or thirsty, she will take a large volume quickly.
> In other words, some parents find that the family bed is a short-term and partial solution to sleep problems, and the sleep problem continues long after the child has been moved to his own crib or bed because the child was not given the opportunity to learn self-soothing skills.
> In contrast, the nursing mother, perhaps more sensitive to the health benefits of nursing, might respond to night waking more often or more rapidly because she perceives herself as primarily responding to her infant’s need for nourishment.
> Around 6 weeks after the due date, a baby’s brain develops the capacity for specific social smiling, more calmness in the evening, longer blocks of sleep at night (four to six hours), and an earlier bedtime.
> Watching her is more important than watching a clock. Synchronize your soothing to sleep with her emerging drowsy cues. Catch the wave. Digital distraction might cause you to miss her emerging subtle drowsy cues.
> But I encourage families to try to avoid a bedtime that is chronically too late and instead focus on morning activities with their baby: bathing, changing, feeding, and playing. Parents are also encouraged to go to bed earlier themselves so they feel less rushed in the morning.
> But they will have the opportunity to thoroughly enjoy their calm baby every morning. And because the family is well rested during the week, weekends are relaxed and fun.
> Therefore, I would tell both parents that one possible benefit of an earlier bedtime was that their child might grow taller due to increased exposure to growth hormone, which is secreted only during sleep and especially before midnight.
> Colicky babies who fail to make this transition from parent-soothed to learning self-soothing at 3 to 4 months are at risk of accumulating a sleep debt and becoming chronically sleep deprived.
> Then attempt to put him to sleep drowsy but awake even though he may be much more drowsy than awake! If he cries hard, pick him up immediately; otherwise you might decide to leave him alone for a short period of time to see if he nods off.
> In contrast, an early bedtime permits long naps to occur because the child awakens in a lower state of neurological arousal. It is easier for parents to catch the wave of drowsy signs, and there is no witching hour. It becomes a virtuous cycle: sleep begets sleep.
> Obviously, watching your child closely for drowsy signs in the late afternoon and early evening is more valuable than watching the clock.
> Nap rhythms begin to emerge around 3–4 months of age. Now parents have the opportunity to “catch the wave” of developing drowsiness and synchronize their soothing to a drowsy-but-awake state with the wave before it crashes into a second wind.
> Typically, the approximate times are around 9:00 a.m. and between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m. An additional nap or naps occur in the late afternoon or early evening.
> Nevertheless, the instructions are to give the child less attention at night, perhaps feeding only twice at night, and ignoring crying for either brief or long periods of time, and to do this for only four or five nights. Sometimes the crying quickly diminishes, especially in the child who had common fussiness.
> The second recurring theme is a control issue. A parent arrogantly asserts that he or she is right no matter what and knows best, end of story. There is no compromise in child raising. No shared philosophy. Just “my way or the highway.”
> Some parents do not feel comfortable enforcing rules and communicating authority. This could be for a variety of reasons. They are not comfortable with telling anyone what to do; they would rather ask for help. They might have a “live and let live” philosophy and do not want to enforce rules.
> “Once the baby is 3 weeks old, healthy, and putting on weight normally, they can begin to delay feedings when baby wakes at night, in order to dissociate waking from feeding.
> Dr. Robert Daniels, a child psychologist, often starts with questions such as: “What is the desired behavior you want from your child? What is the desired outcome? What is the endpoint of treatment? What would you like to see happen?” Both parents need to agree on what the goal is and how to achieve the goal before beginning a treatment plan.
> To maintain healthy sleep for your young child, you need the courage to be firm without feeling guilt or fear that she will resent you or love you less. In fact, the best prescription I can offer for a loving home is a well-rested child and well-rested parents.
> Summary and Action Plan for Exhausted Parents 1. Teach self-soothing.
> Start early. It is never too late to start, but the earlier you start the easier it might be.
> Many hands. Get Dad and others on board. Put your child down drowsy but awake.
> 2. Soothing. Find out what works for your baby.
> 3. Many naps. After a brief interval of wakefulness, put your child down for a nap based on drowsy signs
> 4. Bedtime routines. Consistency helps
> 6. Earlier bedtime around 6 weeks old.
> 7. Protect naps around 3–4 months of age.
> 8. No screens in the bedroom.
> 9. Prevention versus treatment of sleep problems.
> 10. Parent issues or barriers that may make prevention or treatment of sleep problems more challenging.
> IS MY CHILD GETTING HEALTHY SLEEP? After 3–4 months of age, you can tell that your child is not getting healthy sleep if these are present: 1. Witching hour behavior
> 2. Sleep inertia and/or wakes up crying
> 3. Fatigue signs or a second wind before naps
> 4. Often easily falls asleep in the afternoon in a moving stroller in public or in a car
> 5. Difficulty getting out of bed and/or headaches in the morning
> When treating a sleep problem, the improvement in sleeping is sequential, not simultaneous. First, improvement will be seen for night sleep, then for the midmorning nap, and lastly for the midday nap. Improvement in night sleep may take only a few days, but improvement in naps may take longer.
> Because it is now out of character, rush to your child to make sure he is healthy. Most likely he will stop crying and smile at you when you arrive. Maintain silence, kiss him, and leave. No soothing. Your child is testing to see whether he can return to the old style. This is frustrating for parents because they misinterpret it as a failure or a setback. No, it is to be expected. Stay the course.
> Crying for more than forty-five minutes typically occurs only when your child is extremely fatigued from not napping well or a bedtime is too late.
> It should be emphasized that the treatment in this case did not involve aversive punishment. All that was done was to remove the reinforcement. Extinction of the tyrantlike tantrum behavior then occurred.
> One parent described extinction as follows: “Extinction is intended to be a carefully monitored, intentional method of refraining from further stimulating overstimulated and overtired babies in order to allow them to fulfill their need for sleep.” Q:
> A progressive (graduated) checking schedule means that you leave your baby for five minutes the first time he cries; when he next cries, you leave him for ten minutes, and the next time for fifteen minutes.
> Research has shown that graduated extinction takes about four to nine nights. Parents who do not see a rapid improvement usually do not have all the elements of self-soothing in place, and/or the bedtime is too late, and/or naps are not going well, and/or there is inconsistency in the approach to sleep.
> You quietly enter whenever your baby first cries to see that she is all right and gently soothe her in darkness, but you try to not pick her up. Instead, you rub her tummy, stroke her hair, or gently rock the crib. You do the least amount of rocking, singing, and, if necessary, nursing needed in order to soothe her back to a calm, sleepy state.
> Not surprisingly, the two factors that most likely predicted success were both parental: the absence of marital discord and the attendance of both parents at the consultation sessions. Also, when one problem such as resistance in going to sleep was reduced or resolved, other problems such as night waking rapidly disappeared.
> To make the transition from swing sleep to crib sleep, your general plan is to allow your baby to fall asleep in the moving swing and, once in a deep sleep, turn it off and leave him in it so he gets used to sleeping without the rocking. The next step is to transition him when in a deep sleep from the stationary swing to his crib. The next step is to not use the swing in the first place.
> A guideline is that if your child is allowed to sleep past 4:00 p.m. from a third nap, you may have difficulties with a bedtime that is in sync with her early night-sleep rhythm.
> By smell, babies know that Mom is gone, and they seem to protest less when Dad does the soothing to sleep. So consider starting the nap drill on a weekend, when Dad is available.
> Parents have less influence over naps for three reasons: 1. Parents are sometimes conflicted between naps and errands, scheduled events, visitors, and the needs of their other children during the day.
> 2. Nap rhythms develop around 3 to 4 months and naps become more predictable and longer around 6 months of age.
> 3. It is more light and noisy during the day, and your child may be outside or moving about in a carrier or stroller during nap time.
> When using extinction, graduated extinction, check and console, or some other sleep solution, your child may often start the day around 6:00 a.m. This is an approximate time: 5:30 a.m. or 6:30 a.m. might be the time for now. A mistake is to start the day much earlier, at 4:00 or 4:30 a.m., because your child awoke then and has difficulty returning to sleep.
> A reset is simply an extremely early bedtime that is strictly enforced for only one night to repay an accumulated sleep debt. Ignore all protests and excuses (extinction). Get him back in the good-sleep groove quickly. A reset might be done just a few times a year in some families,
> The reality, as with so much of parenting, is that you do the best you can. Your baby might need a 7:00 p.m. bedtime, but the best you can do is 8:00 p.m. This is still better than 9:00 p.m.! Life isn’t perfect, so don’t beat yourself up. Simply try for the earliest possible bedtime.
> Go to bed earlier yourself so you can enjoy morning time with your child. If you are not rushed, mornings may be filled with joy with your child: bathing, dressing, feeding, and playing together.
> I have dual-career parents in my practice who do not see their baby when they come home from work late but spend joyful time with their baby every morning and on weekends. Because everyone is always well rested, they accept this trade-off.
> Of course, parents might not see the deterioration of mood and behavior at 4:00–5:00 p.m. because they are at work. Furthermore, upon arrival home, the joy and pleasure of parent-child interaction, with games, stories, and comforting, might mask the child’s sleep-deprived state. These parents are skeptical that an earlier bedtime will help.
> With our 24-month-old, particularly over the last six months, we found that with super-early bedtimes (6:00–6:30 p.m.), we were getting waking in the 5:00–5:15 a.m. range. So we took the plunge and went to 7:00 p.m. We are full-on Weissbluth Method parents, so this was a big step for us! And the 7:00 p.m. change was successful…for about 4 weeks. Then her mood began to tank between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m.
> Research on 7-year-old children with irregular bedtimes or bedtimes later than 9:00 p.m. showed that they had more behavioral difficulties than children who had regular, earlier bedtimes. The effects of not having regular bedtimes appear to be reversible.
> sleep log is superior to a diary because a detailed diary, in which parents keep a minute-by-minute daily record of all the times their child is awake and asleep, is so focused on the small details that it becomes hard for parents to see the forest for the trees.
> Studying the sleep log allows you to pay closer attention to the timing of these events over several days and even weeks. The baseline data in these logs enable parents to compare interventions such as an earlier bedtime.
> Many children fall in love with their crib tent as if it were their personal hideaway—they seem to view it like a personal teepee or fort. They do not appear sad or angry. The crib tent is useful for families who know that they are unable or unwilling to do the silent-return-to-sleep routine when their child climbs out of the crib.
> Sleep Rules are a strategy I created that works well for children over 2½. The first step is to make a Sleep Rules poster and tape or pin it to the wall in your child’s bedroom. Just talking about what to do without the poster is much less effective. The poster is essential because it serves as a constant reminder for your child.
> Insert your child’s first name before the title so that John will listen carefully when a parent recites “John’s Sleep Rules” every time he is put to sleep. At every bedtime and nap time, recite the rules and explain the consequences. Sleep Rules should be implemented for both naps and nighttime sleep in order to be consistent.
> One, stay in bed; two, stay very quiet; three, close your eyes and keep them closed; and four, try to sleep.” ____________’S SLEEP RULES (insert your child’s name) 1. Stay in bed. 2. Be quiet. 3. Keep your eyes closed. 4. Try to sleep.
> Reward your child in the morning for compliance at night and immediately after a nap: a piece of candy, a cookie, wholesome snack foods, stickers, small toys, special events or trips, or more screen time (use a timer) in addition to hugs, kisses, and praise.
> I am sensitive to the fact that some people will claim that it is wrong to give something to a child to make a behavior occur—that it is like a bribe, which is given before the desired behavior. The simple answer is that we smile, hug, and praise our children after they perform in a socially desirable way.
> If your child is very young and you are not sure he understands the concept that actions have consequences, use the rewards alone and do not restrict privileges. But if your child is older and does understand, then restrict privileges for noncompliance: less light on in the bedroom, bedroom door is less open, less screen time, remove toys, and remove stuffed toys or other bed items.
> Remember, rewards are only half the story here. Think of what your child loves to do around the house and label it a privilege. Never restrict outdoor play and creative activities such as reading, painting, art, or building things. Rather, think of somewhat passive things, such as watching DVDs or television, playing video games on the computer, or perhaps playing with some favorite dolls or trucks.
> Silence when you take your baby back to bed is important, because if you are sweet or stern while trying to explain why everyone needs sleep, the verbal attention will reinforce your child’s desire to get out of bed to get more attention.
> Many parents do not understand that negative attention—even yelling or getting angry—is still attention, and it will encourage your child to continue the behavior.
> Q: My child is scared at night, and I don’t want to leave her alone. A: Try to spend extra time soothing her to sleep, buy a dream catcher or guardian angel to protect her, or go around the room catching all the monsters and put them in a bag that you take out of the room.
> A variant of the pass system, discussed above, is placing a bell by the child’s bed with the rule that the parents will respond promptly once, and only once, if the child rings the bell. Once the child learns that he can have his parents come to him at any time—but only once—he will use this power with restraint.
> you do not always rush to help a child struggling with a puzzle or accomplishing some task. When there is something that is slightly bothering your child, it is sometimes better to leave her alone to learn to deal with it.
> There are three important components to getting a child to go to sleep at night. The child must be: 1. Tired 2. Quiet 3. Relaxed When these three components are in place, children who have adequate “self-quieting skills” will be able to go to sleep rather easily.
> Self-quieting behaviors. The baby who goes to sleep with help from one of his or her parents by nursing, rocking, or holding learns only adult transition skills and needs an adult present in order to fall asleep.
> Even parents who choose co-sleeping can allow their infant or toddler the opportunity to fall asleep on their own, with the parent joining the child at the parents’ regular time for retiring. In this way, the infant or toddler gets the perceived advantages of co-sleeping and the known advantages of learning self-quieting skills.
> Here are a few techniques: 1. Progressive relaxation is a method whereby you tense individual skeletal muscle groups, release the tension, and focus on the resulting feeling of relaxation. 2. Biofeedback involves focusing on a visual or auditory stimulus that changes in proportion to the tension within skeletal muscles.
> 3. Self-suggestion to produce relaxation involves repeating suggestions that your arms and legs feel heavy and warm. 4. Paradoxical intention is based on the idea that trying hard to spontaneously fall asleep might create a vicious circle, which can be broken by focusing on staying awake. 5. Meditative relaxation procedures vary, but simple instructions to focus on the physical sensation of breathing seem to help some people fall asleep.
> Stimulus-control treatment tries to make the bedroom environment function as a cue for sleep. Spending lots of time in bed watching television, reading, or eating directly competes with sleeping, and therefore these activities must be discontinued. Temporal control means establishing a regular and healthy sleep schedule.
> Stimulus-Control Instructions 1. Lie down intending to go to sleep only when you are sleepy. 2. Do not use your bed for anything except sleep—that is, do not do homework, read, watch television, eat, or worry in bed. 3. If you find yourself unable to fall asleep, get up and go into another room.
> Parents’ responsibility in teaching sleep habits is the same as teaching other health habits such as hand-washing, tooth-brushing, or wearing a helmet when riding a bike. But there is no one-size-fits-all approach to helping children sleep well, because all families are different.
> One way to think about different sleep solutions and help you choose one is to organize them into three groups: 1. “No-cry” sleep solutions Teach self-soothing Many hands, father care Drowsy but awake, soothing Many naps Sleep log Bedtime routines Motionless sleep Sound machine, room-darkening curtains Positive routines plus faded bedtime with response cost Scheduled awakening Control the wake-up time Relaxation training Stimulus control 2. “Maybe-cry” sleep solutions Fade procedure Nap drill Parent-set bedtimes, regular bedtimes, earlier bedtimes Swings Crib tent Sleep Rules and silent return to sleep Pass system Day correction of bedtime problems 3. “Let-cry” sleep solutions Extinction: with or without cap, with or without parent presence Graduated extinction Check and console
> Parents have told me that the sleep solution that needs to be emphasized is many naps or brief intervals of wakefulness because it is not intuitively obvious that babies, who sleep so much, need to return to sleep within one to two hours after waking up.
> Some baby animals make sounds that always cause the mother to move closer to the baby animal; these have been called “proximity-promoting calls.” The obvious benefit for the baby animal is protection, nurturing, and not getting separated from the group. In infants, it is possible that crying originated as a similar signal that is no longer tightly linked to infant survival, but still occurs as a behavioral remnant of some distant past.
> The bad news was that attention to children twenty-four hours a day was thought to be good. Today’s “helicopter parents” are one result.
> Popular distortions of attachment theory claimed that a “twenty-four-hour parent”—meaning one who attends to every cry day and night—would produce a more securely attached child than would a “selfish” parent who ignores a cry at night so she can get some sleep. Accumulated scientific data do not support these claims.
> Extremely violent or catastrophic events aside, for ordinary families the power of past events has been extremely exaggerated, and the singular influence ascribed to the mother is unjustified.
> However, the editor in chief of Parents wrote in the October 1985 issue, after the birth of her third child: “The trick was that after eight years of parenthood, my husband and I have discovered…[that] the first sound does not mean that the baby needs to be picked up immediately.”
> the importance of mothers’ attentive holding of their child, he also emphasized that the capacity to be alone is one of the most important signs of maturity in emotional development. In his view, parents can facilitate the development of the child’s ability to soothe herself when left alone. Please don’t confuse this with abandonment or, on the other hand, use this notion as an excuse for negligence.
> the beginning of the separation-individuation process whereby the infant begins to differentiate from the mother at 4 to 5 months of age. This is the age when children naturally begin to develop some independence.
> Always going to your crying child at night interferes with this natural learning and growth. Such behavior produces sleep fragmentation, destroys sleep continuity, and creates insomnia in your child.
> This study suggests that crying for attention can be learned or taught by at least 6 months of age. I suspect that this learning can occur even earlier, so I encourage parents to try to be discriminating in their responses to their baby’s cries at night as early as possible.
> There has been much misunderstanding about “insecurity” and “crying to sleep” because of a failure to make the distinction between (1) the importance of sleeping well when we are in a biological sleep mode and (2) the importance of security of attachment when we are in a biological awake mode.
> However, insecurity of attachment as a concept makes no sense when the brain shifts to the sleep domain. When your child’s brain is in the sleep mode, he needs sleep and not more social interaction with parents.
> Contrary to Dr. Sears’s irresponsible opinions, scientific research has been published in peer-reviewed journals showing that extinction to help an infant or child sleep better does not cause harm. In fact, the opposite is true: after extinction, there are improvements in the mother, the child, and the bond between them.
> Cortisol levels after three days of “crying it out” on average showed no increase compared to before the sleep training program began. Further, the cortisol level on the fourth day was less than the third day (personal communication).
> My observations and sound scientific data show that if children are well rested during the day, and if the bedtime is early enough to prevent a second wind, and if parents do not reinforce the crying by going in to comfort the child, then crying occurring with extinction lasts only a few days, after which the entire family enjoys the physical and psychological benefits of more sleep.
> It is smart, not selfish, for the mother to take breaks without guilt to recharge her battery, because she is the power source of most of the soothing effort.
> Parents who favor a more gradual approach (check-and-console or graduated extinction) over an abrupt approach (extinction) often complain of frequent “relapses.” The general reason a gradual approach tends to be less successful in the long run is that it takes longer and there are always natural disruptions of sleep, such as illnesses or vacations.
> Several days of a gradual approach often wear down parents, so they give up and revert to their old inconsistencies. Parents who have successfully used extinction know that they might have one, and only one, nasty reentry night of crying
> This is why a sleep log can be an important tool to help document what you are really doing and how your child is really responding. After all, short-term “successes” might only reflect brief periods when your child crashes at night from chronic exhaustion.
> Parents often fear that an earlier bedtime will automatically produce an earlier wake-up time that is inconvenient for them. This usually does not occur because an earlier bedtime produces a better-sleeping child who is more able to self-soothe, even in the very early morning hours. This is why sleep begets sleep.
> there are indirect benefits for the family as well: the stay-at-home mother doesn’t have to deal with a “witching hour” in the late afternoon, and no “witching hour” means the father comes home from work to a calm, well-rested mother; both parents have relaxed private time in the evenings and overnight, which strengthens the marriage; the child is raised by well-rested parents.
> But this single super-early bedtime might be employed several times a year because of frequent grandparent visits or illnesses. Be firm. So the bedtime is not a fixed clock time but is moved earlier when needed, then readjusted later again to keep your child well rested, which is the overall goal.
> Don’t fret about naps or night sleep on a day-to-day or night-to-night basis. It will drive you crazy. That is missing the forest for the trees. When starting a sleep solution, be patient with your plan, and remember that it may take several days or several weeks before you see the benefits.
> There is enormous variation among families regarding teamwork, number of rooms, the presence or absence of colic, and so forth. Don’t compare your child to other children; just focus on your own child.
> Regular sleep schedules in general help anchor healthy sleep. But don’t be a slave to a sleep schedule. Exceptions to your sleep plan, such as skipping naps or staying up late for holidays or special occasions, are fine once or twice a month, but not much more often.
> The four spokes of the Sleep Wheel support the rim: 1. Start early 2. Many hands (get Dad and others on board) 3. Put your child down while drowsy but awake 4. Many naps (no cumulative sleepiness, no second wind)
> beginning with the evening bedtime. 1. At 6 weeks of age (all ages are counted from the due date), an early bedtime develops.
> 2. Consolidated night sleep develops before or between 6 and 9 months of age, when babies no longer need to be fed at night.
> 3. Wake-up time is not too early.
> 4. The midmorning nap is regular but initially brief and develops around 3–4 months of age.
> 5. The midday nap is regular but initially brief and develops shortly after the midmorning nap.
> 6. Late afternoon nap(s) tend(s) to be irregular and brief. They usually disappear by 9 months of age.
> Usually, three days later the child would be falling asleep faster, the total night-sleep duration would be slightly longer, and the mother’s report would be, to her surprise, that her child was now even sweeter, calmer, more alert, and more patient between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m. than before. Skepticism about this scenario is a normal response.
> A contributing factor in today’s rush to “improve my child” is that parents’ challenges have increased in modern times. There are more mothers in the workforce and away from their children (contributing to so-called working mother’s guilt); the global economy means that there are more people competing for fewer good jobs; parents want more educational activities for their children because there is more information available and more facts to be learned.
> If you are skeptical that sleep is more important than another lesson, class, or sports activity, talk to a disinterested party such as your pediatrician, a child psychologist or child psychiatrist, or a specialist in early child development.
> My position is that sleep is of vital importance and well-rested children soak up knowledge like a dry sponge. Colors are more vivid, sounds are more interesting, smells and tastes are more exciting. Life and being with others is more enjoyable. Sleepy children experience a drabber, duller world, as through a glass darkly.
> My observation is that when parents routinely keep their child well rested, then that child is more able to deal with occasional sleep disruptions such as classes or family outings. But
> Many fathers want to cooperate with helping their child sleep, but only in the sense that they will do what their wife tells them to do. They expect her to be the leader in all things related to child rearing and view themselves as the helpful follower. This does not work for finding and successfully executing a sleep solution when the mother is very sleep deprived.
> One area of research, based on animal studies, is how the mother’s biological rhythms may help set or influence the rhythms of the fetus and the newborn baby: based on the regularity or irregularity of the mother’s sleep/wake patterns, activity/rest patterns, or eating patterns, there may be a kind of prenatal programming affecting the baby’s own rhythms.
> Babies quickly become overtired after only one or two hours of wakefulness, and some cannot comfortably stay up for even one hour! During the day, note the time when your baby wakes up and try to help her nap by soothing within the next one or two hours, before she becomes overtired.
> Always respond to your baby when you think your baby is hungry or in distress. Avoid the overtired state by keeping the intervals of wakefulness brief. •
> Newborn: The First Week Night sleep: No established rhythms Day sleep: No established rhythms Bedtimes: No established rhythms
> Full-term babies sleep a lot during the first several days; pre-term babies sleep even more, while post-term babies sleep less. For a few days, full-term babies eat very little and often lose weight. This is all very natural and should not alarm you.
> Why, then, have you heard that you should not let your child fall asleep during soothing or feeding? The theory is that your child needs to learn self-soothing skills, and that she will not learn these skills if she comes to associate soothing or feeding with sleep.
> Now, when you soothe and feed your baby, you discover that she will not be easily placed in her crib or stay asleep unless she is already in a deep sleep at the end of the soothing and feeding. Soothing herself to sleep is difficult because she develops a second wind or she belongs to the 20 percent of babies (those afflicted with extreme fussiness/colic) who are often this way during the first few months.
> Weeks 2 to 4: More Fussiness Night sleep: No established rhythms Day sleep: No established rhythms Bedtimes: No established rhythms
> Do not expect your baby to adhere to a schedule because the baby’s needs for food, cuddling, and sleeping are going to occur erratically and unpredictably. When your baby needs to be fed, feed him; when he needs to have his diaper changed, change him; and when he needs to sleep, allow him to sleep.
> Studies have shown that for babies a few weeks old, the longest single sleep period may be only three to four hours, and it can occur at any time during the day or night.
> Parenting strategies such as changes in the amount of light or noise don’t appear to greatly influence babies’ sleep patterns at this stage. In fact, specific styles or methods of burping, changing, or feeding do not seem to really affect the baby at all. Try not to think of doing things to or for the baby. Instead, take time to enjoy doing things with your baby.
> Here are some concrete steps you can take to make it easier for everyone: 1. Take naps during the day when your baby is sleeping. 2. Turn off all phones in the house when your baby is sleeping. 3. Go out, without your baby, for breaks: a walk, a coffee date, or a movie. 4. Plan or arrange for a few hours of private time to take care of yourself.
> At any age, if parents attend to these normal arousals too frequently or provide too much intervention, the child may develop a night-crying or night-feeding habit. This becomes a sleep problem called signaling, and because it fragments both the child’s and parent’s sleep, the result is a sleep-deprived family.
> When will my child sleep through the night? A: After 6 weeks, infants tend to go to sleep earlier, around 6:00 to 8:00 p.m., and most need to be fed before they wake up to start the day. The need for night feedings disappears slowly over the next several months.
> During these spells of unexplainable restlessness or fussiness, your baby may swallow air and become gassy. Often he appears to be in pain. Sometimes he cries and you can’t figure out why. The crying baby may be hungry or just fussy. This is confusing and frustrating to all parents.
> keep in mind that your child will have a little, a medium amount, or a lot of unexplained fussiness and crying that is likely to first increase, then decrease after 6 weeks (counting from the due date), and then disappear more or less completely around 2–4 months of age.
> They found that most of the newborns cried between one and eleven minutes per hour for the duration of their stay in the nursery. The average daily total duration of crying was about two hours for these seventy-two babies. All of the infants cried for some time every day.
> Researchers found that the minimum amount of crying per day in this group was 48 minutes and the maximum amount was 243 minutes. All of the infants cried some of the time—at least forty-eight minutes per day. The average duration of crying was, as before, about two hours per day.
> The researchers attempted to classify the causes of crying: hunger, vomiting, wet or soiled diapers, and unknown reasons.
> They found that hunger appeared to cause 36 percent of all time spent crying. Wet diapers caused about 21 percent of crying time, and soiled diapers about 8 percent. Specifically interesting was that 35 percent of all time spent crying was due to “unknown reasons.” The researchers were surprised that such a large part of crying—over one-third—could not be explained by any obvious causes.
> The babies averaged four crying spells a day. All babies had some crying spells. Fifty-five percent of these spells were attributed to hunger. Crying associated with vomiting, stooling, urination, overheating, bathing, chilling, lights, or noises (the mothers making these attributions) were individually less common than crying for unknown reasons.
> Dr. Brazelton also found that crying spells became much more focused or concentrated in the evening by the time the infants were about 6 weeks of age, when the crying peaked. By this time, very little crying occurred during the day.
> This is not to diminish the distress caused to parents because of their inability to deal with this crying. That difficulty cannot be overstated. Government data have shown that infant homicides increase after the second week and peak at the eighth week,
> Because sucking is soothing to infants, some parents misattribute the “fussing”
> state to hunger and vigorously attempt to feed their baby. These parents may misinterpret their infants as having a “growth spurt” at 6 weeks because they were “hungry” all the time, especially in the evening.
> Immediately after delivery, concentrations of serotonin are higher at night and lower during the day. Melatonin, flowing across the placenta from the mother, causes high concentrations immediately after birth, but they rapidly fall to extremely low levels within several days.
> Serotonin and melatonin have opposite effects on the muscle around the gut—serotonin causes contraction, melatonin causes relaxation. Linda Weissbluth’s theory is that in some infants, high serotonin levels cause painful gastrointestinal cramps in the evening, when serotonin concentrations are at their highest.
> Twenty percent of babies have extreme fussiness/colic, and the parents of these babies are unlucky. These babies require a lot of parental soothing. They tend not to be self-soothing, and they often appear intense, seem agitated, and have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep.
> Feedings may be long and frequent because in addition to satisfying thirst and hunger, much of the nursing is non-nutritive sucking to reduce fussiness. When these babies are extremely fussy, methods of soothing other than breast-feeding often do not work.
> If you want to breast-feed, a compromise position is to have someone else give a single bottle of expressed breast or formula once per twenty-four hours.
> Although the mother’s sleep may be fragmented by frequent feeding for both nutrition and soothing, this is probably the most powerful soothing method for these babies.
> There is some research to suggest that parents who make the commitment to use the family bed from day one and stick with it will wind up with better-rested babies than those parents who initially wanted to use the crib but later brought their baby into their bed because it was the only way they could get any sleep.
> Also, this report suggests that over time, between the ages of 5 and 9 weeks, sleep duration increased among extremely fussy/colicky infants. Based on the sleep lab data and ignoring the parent diary data, the authors concluded that infantile colic was not associated with a sleep disorder.
> criteria. So, although the prevalence varies with the definition, about 20 percent is a common ballpark figure in
> The fundamental reason these treatments do not work for excessive fussiness/colic is that these children do not have a diagnosable medical problem. Excessive fussiness/colic is something some infants do; it is not a condition that they have. Think of caring for these infants and for yourself, not of searching for a cure. Caring involves getting help to take breaks without guilt and doing whatever you can to help prevent crying and fussing.
> My nurse, who was also a mother, was holding the baby chest to chest, with the baby’s head resting on her right shoulder. The nurse’s right cheek was gently pressed into the baby’s right cheek, and the nurse gently rocked her body both from side to side and also with a slow and slightly rotational movement. It looked like my nurse was dancing with the baby in slow motion. The nurse was also whispering or shushing or humming directly into the child’s right ear. Needless to say, we were all pleasantly surprised that the crying had abruptly stopped; in fact, we realized that the baby was now sound asleep.
> struck me that some mothers might have better soothing skills than other mothers and that the notion of inconsolability might, in part, reflect a mother’s ability or inability to soothe.
> Maternal depression may be caused by a child who is not sleeping well (Chapter 2) and may lead to unnecessary nighttime feedings or interventions that result in sleep fragmentation, causing a sleep-deprived baby to exhibit colic-like behavior
> But mothers told me that fathers were highly involved or not involved at all in parenting before the colic developed, and the trend of fathers to be less involved in helping the child sleep well (from 92 percent to 70 percent) was a source of great stress for the marriage and for parenting in general.
> I began to wonder whether the lack of involvement of the father in caring for the baby and his lack of teamwork in the marriage might be contributing to sleep deprivation in the baby and mother so that colicky behavior emerged.
> Obviously, children’s sleep issues reflect not only the mother’s care for the baby but also the father’s care and how well the parents cooperate or agree on parenting. An uninvolved, absent, abusive, or addicted husband or father may adversely affect a mother’s mental health and a child’s sleep.
> I would also have made sure that I protected her naps and bedtime from day one. I also would have made sure that Dad was more involved and on the same page from day one.
> “Most [proximal care] infants continue to wake their parents at night when 10 months of age.”
> If you suspect that your baby has extreme fussiness/colic, do everything you can to maximize sleep and minimize crying during the first weeks. Parents who are able to put forth heroic efforts to soothe their fussy baby may note that there is really minimal or no crying, only fussing.
> The most important thing to remember is that you will be more successful in soothing your baby and surviving your baby’s colic if you get help in order to take breaks. Also remember: this, too, shall pass.
> Teamwork and constant communication between parents is the bedrock that permits a family to cope with and emerge from colic well rested. Starting early and tolerating some crying is common in some situations, and no adverse effects occur:
> All babies experience unexplained fussiness and crying in their first weeks of life, no matter what your ethnic group, no matter what birthing method brought your child into the world, no matter if your lifestyle is that of jet-setter or stay-at-home parent.
> Starting at 4 weeks, I would just put him down in his room when he was tired [that is, drowsy but awake]. He would cry for five to ten minutes, and then sleep a full nap. If I had tried holding or rocking him, he would have screamed for a long, long time without sleeping.
> In the first 4 months, we were lucky to get four to five hours of consolidated sleep in a day. Most days, it was two to three hours. Add to that dealing with a fussy child almost around the clock, and you have a recipe for frazzled and distressed parents.
> At first his naps were short, forty-five minutes or so. After a few weeks the midmorning nap lengthened to about an hour and a half, the midday nap went from forty-five minutes to an hour, and the third nap declined to about thirty-five minutes.
> You are doing what is best for your baby. It seems cruel and unacceptable, as a loving new mother, to let your baby cry. But it is a fact of parenting—many, many things will bring tears and protests in the years to come.
> When babies cry at night they are not lonely, afraid, and anxious or any of the other things they might be when they are awake; when babies cry at night, they are tired.
> First night: cried intermittently for seventy-five minutes Second night: twenty-five minutes Third night: forty-five minutes Fourth night: fifteen minutes Fifth night: done! She goes down without a fight and sleeps like a baby—or, shall I say, like a baby is supposed to sleep! We wished we’d done this sooner.
> think many new parents get stuck in the fog and can’t bear to hear their babies cry. While it does take a degree of courage, my husband and I were astounded by how quickly our baby learned to soothe herself to sleep.
> Begin to teach your baby self-soothing: many hands (enlisting the help of the father and others), putting your baby down drowsy but awake, and many naps
> Develop bedtime routines and avoid unnecessary feedings or interventions at night.
> When babies fuss or cry, they do not sleep. When they do not sleep, mothers do not sleep. Mind-numbing fatigue from lack of sleep is your main enemy!
> More fussing and crying will develop in all babies. Fussing occurs more than crying. Fussiness is a pre-cry state that will often change into crying if parents are unable to soothe their baby; some fussing leads to crying despite parents’ soothing efforts.
> If you have not already begun, start to teach your child self-soothing, develop bedtime routines, and avoid unnecessary feedings or interventions at night. There are still no established biological rhythms for night sleep, day sleep, or bedtime, so you should continue to watch for drowsy signs.
> If teaching self-soothing is not working, or if you think your child is developing extreme fussiness/colic, then temporarily abandon efforts to teach self-soothing. You cannot spoil your 2- to 4-week-old baby, so do whatever you can to maximize sleep and minimize fussing and crying.
> Weeks 5 and 6 Night sleep: More evening fussiness may be associated with less night sleep before 6 weeks; after 6 weeks, night-sleep rhythms emerge Day sleep: Naps are brief and irregular; there may be many catnaps Bedtimes: Bedtimes are irregular and may occur late, between 9:00 and 11:00 p.m.
> And if they do not help, do whatever works to maximize sleep and minimize crying: swings, strollers, car rides, or sleep at Mom’s breast or on Dad’s chest. Exhaustion is your main enemy, so get help in order to take breaks.
> some but not all brief naps might be extended by reswaddling, a quick feeding, or replacing a pacifier. Swaddling and pacifiers might help; they will not harm your baby and should not be viewed as a “crutch” that somehow interferes with learning self-soothing.
> About 6 weeks of age (counting from the due date), around the time your baby produces her first social smiles, night sleep becomes more organized, and the longest single sleep period begins to occur with predictability and regularity in the evening hours.
> Your baby will also start to settle down more and more. She will become more interested in objects such as mobiles and toys, she’ll have more interest in playing games, and her repertoire of emotional expressions and social responses will dramatically increase.
> Antonio is now almost 5 months old, and he has been sleeping from 6:30 p.m. through the night to about 7:00 a.m. He has been doing this since he was 12 weeks old. He does wake up occasionally at 4:00 or 5:00 a.m. if he’s hungry, but for the most part he sleeps extremely well at night,
> Being annoyed with your baby does not make you a “bad” parent. Just understand why you’re annoyed. Remember that your baby’s immature nervous system lacks inhibitory control: your baby might have moments of tremulousness, quivering, or shaking of the arms or legs.
> Weeks 7 and 8 Night sleep: Becoming organized Day sleep: Naps are brief and irregular; there may be many catnaps Bedtime: Starting to be earlier
> The major biological changes starting now are a tendency for your baby to go to sleep earlier at night and for longer periods of uninterrupted night sleep.
> Prepare yourself for changes resulting from your child’s increased social maturation. The social smiles herald the onset of increased social awareness, and it may come to pass that your baby will now start to fight sleep in order to enjoy the pleasure of your company. This is natural!
> Truly, I believe that in the case of a colicky baby, who in most cases cannot be treated for her condition, it is the mother who “needs treatment” or help, and to this end I suggest: 1. Get out of the house an hour or two a day, minimum. 2. When out of the house, try to get some physical exercise to burn off the tension.
> 3. Don’t feel guilty about doing anything that makes you feel good. 4. Socialize as much as possible outside the home. 5. Keep a diary or log of your baby’s sleeping/feeding habits. 6. When the baby is asleep, get some sleep yourself, unless you’re doing something for your own peace of mind.
> brain matures predictably in three ways: 1. Specific responsive social smiling. When you smile at her, she returns your smile. 2. Longer sleep periods (four to six hours) occurring predictably in the evening hours, usually before midnight. This is part of the night-sleep circadian rhythm. 3. The brain wants to fall asleep earlier in the evening.
> In fact, the early development of regular, long night-sleep periods—starting well before the age of 6 weeks—is a characteristic feature of “easy” babies. These kids are very portable, and parents bask in their sunny dispositions.
> In fact, the quiet evenings might now be punctured by new, “painful” cries suggesting an illness. Or it might now take longer to put the baby to sleep. What has happened to your sound sleeper? Irregularities of sleep schedules, nap deprivation, and too late a bedtime are the chief culprits. Now is the time to become ever more sensitive to your child’s need to sleep.
> You should try to reestablish healthy sleep habits by removing the disruptive effects of external noises, lights, or vibrations. Although it may be inconvenient for you, try to have your baby back in her crib after no more than two hours of wakefulness.
> Q: How long can I keep my baby up? A: No more than two hours. Two hours of wakefulness is about the maximum that most babies can endure without becoming overtired.
> Try to soothe him to sleep before he becomes overtired—before he becomes slightly crabby, seems irritable, pulls his hair, or bats at his ears. Expect this type of behavior to develop within two hours of waking up if he is not put to sleep when he first shows signs of being tired.
> In Dr. R. S. Illingworth’s review, colicky behavior ends in 50 percent of afflicted babies by 2 months of age, in an additional 30 percent by 3 months of age, and in an additional 10 percent by 4 months of age. So you might try to help your baby with extreme fussiness/colic sleep better with drowsy but awake, an earlier bedtime, and graduated extinction, extinction with a cap, or extinction for a four-to-five-day trial and be successful before 4 months of age.
> following hints will help you get through these first few months. Helpful Tips for Parents Pamper yourself; remember, this is smart for the baby, not selfish for you.
> Forget errands, chores, housework.
> Unplug the phone. Ignore your baby’s quiet vocalizations during sleep. Nap when baby sleeps. Hire help for housework or breaks when your baby is most bothersome. Plan pleasurable, brief outings without your baby
> Tips to Help Soothe Babies Definitely helpful in soothing: Rhythmic rocking: in chair swing, arms, car rides Sucking: pacifier, thumb, wrist Gentle pressure: swaddling, massage Gentle sounds: lullabies, music, singing, humming Possibly helpful in soothing: Lambskin rug Warm-water bottle placed on abdomen Recordings of heartbeat sound, womb sounds, vacuum cleaner, running water, sounds of nature Removal of stimulating
> Some babies nap best in a pitch-black and/or very quiet room
> Placing a soft, tiny blanket in baby’s hand
> You can’t treat colic with smiles, but there will be less crying in a home where there is a lot of social smiling. Practice smiling, smile broadly, open your eyes wide, regard your child as you nod, and say “Good boy” or “Good girl.” Do all these especially when your baby calms down or smiles at you. Even if your child does not always respond to your smiles, this practice, like a rehearsal, will pay off big-time later.
> So between 2 and 4 months, your baby should begin to appear calmer in the early evening and to sleep better at night. If you have not done so already, now is the time to practice letting your child learn more self-soothing
> More smiles, coos, giggles, laughs, and squeals light up your life. Your child is now a more social creature. She is sleeping better at night, but naps may still be brief and irregular.
> In addition to your presence, which provides pleasurable stimulation, your baby’s increasing curiosity about all the new and exciting parts of her expanding world may disrupt her sleep.
> When your baby needs to sleep, try to have her in an environment where she will sleep well. As she continues to grow, she will become more curious and social, and you will notice that she probably naps best in her crib.
> Now you must become sensitive to the difference in quality between brief, interrupted daytime sleep and prolonged, consolidated naps. As your child’s biological rhythms evolve for day sleep, your general goal is to synchronize your soothing-to-sleep activities with her internal timing mechanism for sleep.
> Many children are overtired from not napping well or from going to sleep too late. They may not nap well because they’re getting too much outside stimulation, too much handling, or too much irregular handling.
> An awareness of sleep inertia will help you decide whether a particular nap was long enough. And sensitivity to the witching hour will help you determine whether naps on a particular day were long enough
> The two-hour limit on wakefulness is an approximation. Often there is a magic moment of tiredness when the baby will go to sleep easily. She is tired then but not overtired. If you go past this point in time, expect fatigue to set in. When your baby is up too long, she will tend to become overstimulated, overaroused, irritable, or peevish from a second wind
> Why focus on the midmorning nap? Simply because it develops before the midday nap. Try to teach self-soothing for the midmorning nap and then do whatever works to maximize sleep and minimize fussing/crying for the remainder of the day (being mindful to limit wakefulness to short intervals).
> Each night she cried less and less, and I handled it better and better. After a week, her hysteria was gone! Sure, she cried a little sometimes, but now she was on a schedule. She napped two or three times a day, two to four hours at a time, and slept twelve to fifteen hours a night. Sleeping promotes more sleep, and makes it easier to fall asleep.
> Letting your baby “cry it out” is not the only way your baby will learn to nap. Babies and children learn to nap well when parents focus on timing, motionless sleep (sleep in a crib or stationary stroller, as opposed to sleep while in a moving car or stroller), and consistency in soothing style.
> After a few days of life, the sleepy brain wakes up, and during the first 6 weeks of life infants display increasing amounts of fussiness, crying, or agitated wakefulness, during which they swallow air and become gassy. At 6 weeks (or 6 weeks after the due date) the duration of these periods peaks, and they become more common in the evening hours.
> At about 6 weeks of age, something dramatic occurs naturally: your baby begins to produce social smiles, and the evening fussiness begins to decrease in most babies. One mother asked me if she could “fast-forward to 6 weeks” and skip the hard part. Sorry! But from 6 weeks, a more predictable and longer midmorning nap will emerge.
> Night sleep usually develops without problems at 6 weeks of age because: 1. Darkness serves as a time cue. 2. We slow down our activities and become quieter at night. 3. We behave as if we expect our baby to sleep.
> There are three factors that will help your baby sleep well during the day: timing, motionless sleep, and consistency in soothing style.
> I repeat: crying is the consequence of becoming overtired. At this particular time, your efforts to soothe—hugging, rocking, talking—may be stimulating and interfere with the natural surfacing of the sleep process. After all, your baby does not fall asleep immediately in the same way a light switch is turned off. Rather, the sleep process takes time.
> Temporarily, her baby was put to sleep at a very early time, between 5:30 and 6:00 p.m. The plan was to help the child get more sleep at night and be asleep before a second wind developed. The mother was to soothe her baby at night and then either lie down with him or put him in his crib.
> Because of the baby’s age, and because he had been extremely fussy/colicky, and because he had become accustomed to sleeping with his mother in her bed at the breast, we knew he would protest our plan. We decided that we would ignore his protest crying at the onset of sleep and would use the father to soothe him at night when he might cry but was not hungry. During the day, the mother would do whatever worked to maximize sleep and minimize crying to keep him as well rested as possible.
> Falling asleep is simply learned behavior, a habit. The important thing is that the behavior is learned, not how it is learned. Your child will learn best if you are consistent in how you soothe him to sleep for naps.
> Method A: At nap time your baby sometimes soothes himself to sleep unassisted. After soothing your baby for several minutes, you always put him down to sleep whether or not he is asleep. You are practicing putting him down for a nap drowsy but awake.
> Contrary to popular belief, your child will not develop night-sleep problems if you include breast-feeding as part of the soothing process. Also contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary that you always put him down fully awake.
> Method B: Your baby always begins naps with your help. You always hold and soothe your baby until she is in a deep sleep state, no matter how long it takes.
> decisive; choose a soothing style and be consistent. Consistency helps your baby sleep better, because, as noted above, the process of falling asleep is a learned behavior.
> Day-sleep organization develops at 3 to 4 months of age. A regularly occurring midmorning nap appears first, followed by a regularly occurring midday nap a few or several weeks later.
> Please begin to be consistent around 6 weeks of age, when your child is clearly becoming more social and everyone is getting more rest at night. For babies born before their due date, these changes occur about 6 weeks after the due date, and that is when you should start.
> had a rule: If she was sleepy and not crying (even at a few days old), she was to be put in her bassinet. We still played with her and enjoyed her, but we were not walking around the house with her twenty-four hours a day.
> Here are some common nap mistakes: Keeping the intervals of wakefulness too long Using swings, cars, or strollers during naps too much with older children Inconsistency in methods used to soothe your baby to sleep
> So while it is socially limiting to plan ahead and protect naps, it is liberating to have a well-rested child who never fusses or cries during the day at home or in public. An early bedtime with consolidated night sleep is also liberating for parents, who can enjoy calm private time together early in the evening and overnight.
> healthy sleep depends on different but interrelated elements (see Chapter 1): Sleep duration Naps Sleep consolidation Sleep schedule, timing of sleep Sleep regularity When all the pieces are considered, healthy sleep will be accomplished.
> Studies by Dr. C. Anderson Aldrich have shown that all babies have some uncategorizable crying: that is, they cry for no apparent reason. From studies by Dr. Ian St. James-Roberts, we know that no matter what the parenting style, bouts of inconsolable crying can occur.
> One father called this “tag-team parenting” because whenever one parent became exhausted, the other one took over for car rides, walks, or trips in the stroller to let the other get some much-needed rest. Two exhausted parents don’t make a good couple!
> The three maneuvers are: 1. Rhythmic motions:
> 2. Sucking: at breast, bottle, fist, wrist, thumb, or pacifier.
> 3. Swaddling:
> Practice showering affection on your baby, even when he’s crying. This loving attention is important for both of you.
> It cannot be overemphasized that, as stated by Dr. A. H. Parmelee, “parents are never truly prepared for the degree to which the babies’ sleep/wake patterns will dominate and completely disrupt their daily activities.”
> After about 4 months of age, most parents have learned to differentiate between their child’s need for consolidated sleep and the child’s preference for soothing, pleasurable company at night. Most parents can learn to appreciate that prolonged, uninterrupted sleep is a health habit they can influence; they can quickly learn to stop reinforcing night wakings and irregular nap schedules that rob kids of needed rest.
> Dr. Thomas noted interrelations among four temperament characteristics: mood, intensity, adaptability, and approach/withdrawal.
> four additional temperament characteristics were described: persistence, activity, distractibility, and threshold. Threshold means how sensitive or insensitive the child appears to be to noises or changes in lighting.
> Below are the nine infant-temperament characteristics described by Drs. Thomas and Chess. 1. Activity (general motion, energy).
> Activity levels in infants have nothing to do with “hyperactivity” in older children. 2. Rhythmicity (regularity of bodily functions). Rhythmicity is a measure of how regular or predictable the infant appears.
> Some babies are very regular at age 2 months, while others seem to be irregular throughout the first year. As infants grow older, they tend to become more regular in their habits. 3. Approach/withdrawal (first reaction). Approach/withdrawal is a temperament characteristic that defines the infant’s initial reaction to something new.
> Some infants reach out in new circumstances—accept, appear curious, approach—others object, reject, turn away, appear shy, or withdraw.
> 4. Adaptability (flexibility). Adaptability is measured by observing such activities as whether the infant accepts nail cutting without protest, accepts bathing without resistance, accepts changes in feeding schedule, accepts strangers within fifteen minutes, and accepts new foods.
> 5. Intensity. Intensity is the degree or amount of an infant’s response, either pleasant or unpleasant.
> 6. Mood. If intensity is the degree of response, mood is the direction. It is measured in the same situations described above.
> 7. Persistence. Persistence level, or attention span, is a measure of how long the infant engages in activity. Parents
> 8. Distractibility. Distractibility describes how easily the baby may be distracted by external events. Picking up the infant easily consoles a distractible infant’s fatigue or hunger; soothing can stop fussing during a diaper change.
> 9. Threshold (sensitivity). Threshold levels measure how much stimulus is required to produce a response in the infant in specific circumstances, such as loud noises, bright lights, and other situations previously discussed.
> These infants also tended to be irregular in biological function such as sleep schedules and night awakenings. They were more likely to have behavioral problems—particularly sleep disturbances—when they grew older.
> The crying of the difficult-temperament infants was found to have more silent pauses between crying sounds than that of the easy babies. These silent pauses caused the listener to repeatedly think that the crying spell had ended.
> Alternatively, parents who put their baby to sleep slightly too late, or who often cause their children to skip naps after 4 months of age, keep their post-colic infant close to the edge of overtiredness.
> Some post-colic kids are extremely active; they appear to have boundless energy. “She
> They appear easily bored; they also seem very stimulus-sensitive, especially to mechanical noises
> They may remain very active but less frantic, and this suggests that whatever biologic process may be contributing to high activity behavior, lack of sleep is also part of the picture. When they’ve had enough sleep, these same babies appear to have boundless curiosity, actively seeking opportunities to learn.
> Although nine infant-temperament characteristics were measured, only five are used to establish the diagnosis of a difficult temperament. And four of these (mood, adaptability, rhythmicity, and approach/withdrawal) were individually highly associated with total sleep duration.
> When this study was extended to include 105 infants, those infants with difficult temperaments slept 12.8 hours and those with easy temperaments slept 14.9 hours.
> the difficult temperament at 4 to 5 months simply represents an overtired infant whose parents were unable to establish healthy sleep.
> At 4 weeks of age, infants who were temperamentally more difficult in general, and more intense and less distractible (less consolable) in particular, cried more during their second month of life than other infants.
> This strongly suggests that there is a mother-related component underlying the behavior called extreme fussiness/colic, because when mothers were armed with more information on how to soothe their babies, there was less crying.
> Therefore, it appears that the increased crying/fussing behavior in infancy is associated with less infant sleep and more signaling at night (fragmented sleep), but the crying/fussing alone does not directly cause later sleep problems.
> Without your effort to maintain sleep schedules, your child will have a tendency to sleep irregularly and become unmanageably wild, screaming out of control with the slightest frustration and spending most of the day engaged in crazy, demanding, and impatient behaviors.
> Two or more months of crying sometimes adversely and permanently shapes parenting styles. An inconsolable infant triggers in some parents a perception that their baby’s behavior is out of their control. They observe no obvious benefit to their young extremely fussy/colicky child when they try to be regular according to clock times or to be consistent in bedtime routines.
> In some nonindustrial societies and among parents practicing proximal care (attachment parenting), babies rarely cry, because they are always held close to the mother in a soft carrier, highlighting the role of the mother. However, even where there is constant holding and unrestricted breast-feeding throughout the day and night, babies still cry and fuss, which supports the notion of a baby-driven path.
> Temperament assessments, performed at an average age of 3.6 months, showed an association between problems of sleep/wake organization, difficult temperament, and extreme crying. Mothers of crying infants scored high on depression, anxiety, exhaustion, anger, adverse childhood memories, and marital distress
> But for those 5-month-olds with long sleep durations and easy temperaments who also had long sleep durations at age 3 years, the easy temperament persisted. Sleep modulates temperament!
> If parents make the effort to manage their kids’ sleep schedules consistently, I would think that over the years they are going to see less difficult and unmanageable behavior.”
> I also believe that at 5 months of age, the difficult temperament represents an overtired baby and the easy temperament represents a well-rested baby.
> Research—both my own and others’—has shown that about 80 percent of babies develop common fussiness/crying and 20 percent develop extreme fussiness/colic.
> Parents’ inability to soothe may grow out of, or be a response to, the fatigue, frustration, and exhaustion of trying, without much success, to soothe an extremely fussy/colicky baby.
> As Cindy Crawford says in the foreword, “The most important thing is a well-rested family.” The goal is to develop a caring environment for the family, not a cure for extreme fussiness/colic.
> At 3 to 4 months, your baby will start to show drowsy signs earlier in the evening. Instead of becoming sleepy at 8:00 to 10:00 p.m., she will become sleepy at 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.
> Many mothers dropped out of the study, but the 560 mothers who stayed were more likely to be married, have completed more formal education, have higher household incomes, be nonsmokers, breast-feed, and have “higher levels of social support.”
> baby might be placed in a crib close to the side of your bed. Later, the crib is moved a few inches from your bed. Gradually the crib is moved farther away until it is in baby’s room.
> I believe that the quality of your baby’s sleep influences the development of temperament at 4 to 6 months of age. And how babies sleep during the first few months is a combination of factors within the child and the parents’ ability and skill at soothing.
> children’s personality may be severely and adversely affected when they are short of sleep, but the good news is that these changes are reversible!
> The foundation for the midday nap is the midmorning nap, just as the foundation for the midmorning nap is night sleep. Gradually, for all children, naps will become more predictable and longer. Attempts to extend naps by reswaddling, replacing a pacifier, or offering a quick feeding may help.
> Routines that comfort your baby, including rocking, soft blankets, lullabies, stroking, patting, and cuddling for bedtime (see Chapter 3), may also be used intact or modified for nap time.
> your baby down drowsy but awake? There are many well-rested 4-month-old children with self-soothing skills who often fall asleep with nursing.
> It will become more difficult to change your baby’s sleep patterns after about 6 months of age because of the development of self-agency. Self-agency means that your child can express likes and dislikes with greater energy and persistence than previously. If your infant wants to reach a desired toy, she may persist longer in trying to get it into her grasp.
> Uninterrupted sleeping means that there is no feeding or soothing. 1. Sleeping uninterrupted from midnight to 5:00 a.m. 2. Sleeping eight hours uninterrupted between sleep onset and waking time in the morning, without regard to the clock time when the sleep occurred 3. Sleeping uninterrupted between 10:00 p.m., or earlier, and 6:00 a.m.
> So by any definition, more than half of all babies are sleeping through the night by age 5 months.
> Some parents make the mistake of always putting their baby down to sleep at exactly the same time every night. For a few months this may work well, but when naps are irregular or your child stops taking the third nap, parents should learn to be more flexible in the timing of soothing to sleep at night, especially in the direction toward an earlier bedtime!
> At some future point you will teach your child other health habits such as hand washing and tooth brushing. Later still, you’re not going to risk brain damage by letting him ride his bike without a helmet. In each of these cases, you won’t let protest crying discourage you from implementing healthy practices and safety rules. Starting early and being consistent are the keys to establishing good habits.
> if you are sleeping with your baby (see co-sleeping and SIDS warning, Chapter 1) and breast-feeding, you might promptly nurse at all of these arousals while you and the baby are still in a somewhat deeper sleep state, and then there is no real sleep fragmentation. No night-waking habit might develop.
> As mentioned, a second waking for feeding may occur around 4:00 or 5:00 a.m. Some children do not get up at this time, but those children who do awaken are wet, soiled, hungry, or thirsty, and a prompt response is appropriate. While you attend to your baby’s needs, maintain silence and darkness so your child will return to sleep.
> The general guideline after 4 months of age is to feed your baby overnight when hungry, but no more than two times.
> Problems commonly occur (1) in the post-colic child who is dependent on the family bed and breast-feeding to sleep but now needs to sleep much earlier at night than the parents, (2) when parents use day care with a long commute time to bring the child home, causing a late bedtime, or (3) when dual-career families (see Chapter 11) have long commute times from work.
> One child I cared for took two to two and a half hours of soothing, rocking, or holding before she would go to sleep, and then would usually awaken three to four times each night, sometimes as often as ten times.
> One consequence of increased arousal at bedtime is that disturbed sleep produces more wakeful, irritable, and active behaviors during the day.
> But chronically fatigued babies who are overly aroused move around more in a restless, squirmy, crawly fashion when sleeping. It seems that their motor is always running at a higher speed, awake or asleep.
> What is disturbed sleep? Abnormal sleep schedules (going to bed too late, sleeping in too late in the morning, napping at the wrong times) Brief sleep durations (not enough sleep overall) Sleep fragmentation (waking up too often) Nap deprivation (no naps or brief naps) Prolonged latency to sleep (taking a long time to fall asleep) Too active sleep (lots of tossing and turning) Difficulty breathing during sleep
> Night waking may be caused by: Fever Painful ear infections Atopic dermatitis (eczema;
> If you think your child is ill, call the doctor. If your child has a diaper rash or eczema that is moderate or severe, consider using thick layers of zinc oxide paste in the diaper region so that no rash will develop when you do not go to your baby at night to change diapers.
> Many times, physical and mental activity increases around 9 months. Your child is now moving around more, exploring more, becoming more active and independent. Also, there may have been a third nap that disappeared around 9 months, and afterward your child began to slowly acquire a sleep debt.
> Most families find that if they gradually shift the bedtime earlier in twenty-minute increments, they reach a time when night wakings melt away.
> Maybe your baby sleeps well in your home but does not sleep well at Grandma’s. Try to play the same music only at sleep times at both homes. Buy something soft and safe for your baby to feel or clutch, and use it only at sleep times at both homes. Spray some fragrance or perfume around the crib or bed only at sleep times at both homes. Try to use the same sleep schedules and nap time and bedtime routines at both homes.
> Some families have their baby sleep at night in their bedroom, then use a sofa bed to convert their living room into the parents’ bedroom at night.
> Be consistent and patient. Anytime you make a change, allow at least four to five days before making another change, in order to see whether you have helped your child.
> Stated another way, children with long naps at 6 months of age continue to take long naps until 21–24 months,
> By 9 months of age, the vast majority (91 percent) of children are taking two naps.
> Willfulness (self-agency) might lead your child to protest naps because he would rather play than sleep. If you often allow him to skip his nap, then he will become fatigued. The natural adaptive response to fatigue is to fight it with stimulating hormones, which allow him to maintain more wakefulness.
> only does a vicious circle of sleep problems begin, but your child may also develop emotional ups and downs or a reduced attention span as a by-product.
> When you reestablish healthy, regular nap routines, the witching hour, bedtime battles, and night awakenings disappear. I have seen this over and over again. That’s why I think nap deprivation and not a particular “stage” is the culprit behind disturbed night sleep.
> The treatment strategy to go back to two naps involves (1) shortening the interval of wakefulness before the first nap and reestablishing the midday nap by making sure the wakeful period after the midmorning nap is not too long, (2) making sure the midday nap does not start too late in the afternoon, in order to protect a reasonable evening bedtime, and (3) consistency in the nap time ritual.
> The major fear that inhibits parents from establishing an earlier bedtime is that this will cause their child to get up earlier to start the day. In fact, the opposite will occur. An earlier bedtime will allow your child to sleep later, just as a too-late bedtime will eventually cause a too-early wake-up time. Remember, sleep begets sleep. This is not logical, but it is biological.
> As discussed previously, the five elements of healthy sleep are (1) sleep duration (night and day), (2) naps, (3) sleep consolidation, (4) sleep schedule, and (5) sleep regularity.
> In general, it is not a good idea to go to your child to start the day before 6:00 a.m., even if he is crying, because if you do, he will begin to force himself to wake up earlier and earlier in order to enjoy your company.
> This midmorning nap develops first, usually between 12 and 16 weeks of age, counting from the due date. It occurs about 9:00 a.m. and may last an hour or two.
> This violation of the rule “Never wake a sleeping baby” is to help maintain an age-appropriate sleep schedule for the benefit of the baby.
> Sleep periods shorter than thirty minutes should not count as good-quality naps.
> Alternatively, you might want to try to lengthen the nap by rushing to your child at the first sound of awakening from a brief nap (less than an hour) and attempting to soothe her back to sleep for a continuation of the nap.
> Plan for a much longer and relaxing soothing-to-sleep routine before her midmorning nap, because she will be a little overtired. Consider including a bath for relaxation, not for hygiene. Bathing might be stimulating, but more often it is calm fun for babies.
> Now, at age 11 months, he sleeps from 7:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. and naps twice for an hour or two. Everyone who meets him says he is happy, joyful, and alert.
> would, however, like to point out that some babies scream their brains out for two minutes, moan and whimper for three minutes, and then go to sleep for a great nap!
> Usually if a nap doesn’t occur, it is best to keep your baby awake and go to the next sleep period, whether it is another nap or nighttime sleep. Probably this next sleep period will take place a little earlier because of the missed nap.
> The second nap usually occurs between noon and 2:00 p.m., most commonly around 1:00 p.m., but in any case it should usually begin before 3:00 p.m. in order to not interfere with an early bedtime. The nap should last about an hour or two.
> The midday nap commonly continues until the third birthday, but after age 3 it begins to drop out.
> Therefore, after 6 months of age, more than 84 percent of children have no third nap, and their longest wakeful period occurs in the afternoon.
> The presence of a third nap after 6 to 9 months is often associated with a bedtime that is too late, which in turn causes issues with the two major naps and may contribute to the bedtime battles that eventually emerge around 9 to 12 months of age, when there is increasing self-agency. If so, eliminate the third nap in order to accomplish an earlier bedtime.
> The parents think the child is taking a third nap at 4:30 to 5:30 p.m. But in reality the child needs a very early bedtime, maybe around 6:00 p.m., and no playing between 7:30 and 10:00 p.m.
> If you have an intercom or baby monitor that allows you to hear all the quiet cries or sounds that occur during the arousals, turn it off. All you are accomplishing by listening to your child’s awakenings is messing up your own sleep. A mother’s sleeping brain is so sensitive to her baby’s crying that any loud, urgent call will awaken her.
> Self-agency, described above, also develops around 6 months of age and may lead to major bedtime battles or signaling at night if your child is short on sleep.
> COMMON DAY-SLEEP ISSUES IN MONTH 9 Needs Two Naps but Can Get Only One
> Another common cause of no napping occurs when the child drops the midmorning nap but the parents do not make the bedtime a little earlier.
> As mentioned above, the major sleep change that occurs before or around 9 months is the disappearance of the third nap. If the late afternoon nap persists, it often causes the bedtime to become too late. Also, children do not need to be fed at night after 9 months; children who are bottle-fed during the night are likely to develop a night-waking or night-feeding habit.
> When your child drifts toward a single nap, which is always the midday nap, often the bedtime has to be twenty or thirty minutes earlier because children in this age range tend to get more tired near the end of the day.
> Timing is important, but watch your baby more than the clock.
> The midday nap commonly continues for about 3 to 4 years.
> if you are sleeping with your baby and breast-feeding, you might promptly nurse at all of these arousals while your baby is still in a somewhat deep sleep state, and then no night-waking habit might develop.
> There are three dramatic turning points in sleep maturation for young children: 1. At 6 weeks of age, night sleep becomes organized. 2. At 4 months of age, day sleep is developing and night sleep is becoming adultlike in terms of sleep cycles. 3. At 9 months of age, the third nap is eliminated, naps may be longer for post-colic babies, and there is no need to feed babies at night.
> It cannot be emphasized enough that the major sleep problems in babies from 4 to 12 months old develop and persist because parents • Reinforce bad sleep habits by unnecessarily feeding or attending to their baby at night • Interfere with an important learning process in their child, namely, learning how to soothe themselves to sleep unassisted • Do not respect the child’s biologic nap and bedtime rhythms The
> my experience, all children who are napping well and have early bedtimes are sleeping uninterrupted through the night by 9 months or earlier.
> When the bedtime is always too late, then you should expect behavioral, emotional, and academic problems, even if your child gets up a little later or takes longer naps. When your child sleeps at night is as important as how long your child sleeps, and longer naps are not a substitute for less night sleep
> Returning to sleep unassisted is a learned skill; you should expect problems to persist in your child until she learns how to soothe herself back to sleep without your help.
> The reason is that fragmented night sleep causes daytime drowsiness and inattentiveness and, maybe, impulsiveness that can lead to injury
> Allow several days or a couple of weeks to pass before making changes. The more rested the baby becomes, the more flexible and adaptable he will be. Changes then will be less disruptive.
> But when there is some cooperation, make sure to praise the specific behavior: “Thank you for staying in bed” or “Thank you for trying to sleep.” Praising your child
> My experience this past year can be described as follows: 0–3 months is unnerving and exhausting, especially for the first-time parent; 3–6 months is anxious, wondering if you are doing the right thing; 6–9 months is more rewarding as you start to see your efforts really paying off; 9–12 months brings a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment; and 12 months and over makes all the training worth it.
> Don’t confuse these issues: • Needs versus wants • A sad cry versus a protest cry • Being abandoned versus being alone
> Night-lights might help, but a closet light or even a conventional night-light might keep a sensitive baby from sleeping well.
> what these children like to do best is to come visit with their parents and get into their bed. This not only disrupts their parents’ sleep but also harms the child.
> There is no special age when you should make this change. As long as the crib is large enough, you should not feel that your child must be placed in a regular bed by a certain age. Many parents make the switch around the second or third birthday. Let your child ask for a big bed.
> When your newborn is 4 months old and her sleep pattern is stable, events in the house are much more predictable. Your older child now becomes adjusted to the new family arrangements. Your baby goes to the crib and the older child graduates with pride to the big bed for big kids.
> Moving to a big bed too early—for example, in anticipation of the birth of a new baby—often invites a problem: the commotion and excitement surrounding the arrival of your new baby may create confusion or insecurity in your older child, who may call out or cry at night.
> If the move to a regular bed prompts frequent nocturnal visits, curtain calls, calls for help going to the bathroom, or calls for a drink of water, think before you act. A habit may slowly develop in which your child learns to expect you to spend more time with her, putting her to sleep or returning her to sleep.
> Between 2 and 6 years, the most common duration of day sleep is about two hours for those children still taking naps.
> think it is likely that most of the children who sleep near the minimum number of hours for naps have problems with night sleep, naps, or both.
> Long naps are not a substitute for a bedtime that is too late
> But Dr. Kim found that “increased weekend catch-up sleep as an indicator of insufficient weekday sleep…is associated with poor performance on objective attention tasks.” So weekend catch-up sleep does not substitute for or fully compensate for late weekday bedtimes.
> the majority of children switch to a single nap between 15 and 21 months of age; Dr. Iglowstein observed the transition age to be 18 months.
> The developing famine in sleep may be a direct contributor to the spreading epidemic of obesity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
> So sleeping later in the morning, taking more naps or longer naps, or trying to catch up on sleep on the weekend does not fully compensate for the harm done by a bedtime that is too late.
> In general, be cautious regarding preschool classes during the flu season. Have fun with your child, but occasionally take what my wife called a “declared holiday.” Missing a swim class, gym class, or any other preschool event now and then because your child is tired and needs to nap, or leaving a class soon after you arrive because some other children look sick, will not jeopardize your child’s college plans! Be
> Another common cause of cumulative sleepiness occurs when the child drops the midmorning nap but the parents do not make the bedtime a little earlier.
> If your child is very tired, however, she might be crashing at irregular times when she is totally exhausted. A common problem here is a bedtime that is slightly too late. Early bedtimes appear to regularize and lengthen naps.
> Another possible problem is that the bedtime is too late and the long naps are attempts to compensate for the lost sleep. In the long run, this compensation will fail because the too-late bedtime causes cumulative sleep deficits. Or maybe your child needs long naps; long sleep durations are associated with higher intelligence levels, so protect his long naps!
> The midmorning nap is always the first nap to naturally disappear. If the bedtime is moved a little earlier, most parents will notice that their child’s midmorning nap becomes briefer or turns into a quiet playtime without sleep.
> Instead of, or in addition to, an earlier bedtime, you might want to shorten the midmorning nap by waking your child after about one or one and a half hours so she will be more tired around the midday nap time.
> At 18 months, 77 percent of children take a single midday nap; by 21 months, 88 percent of children sleep only in the midday.
> You try an early bedtime, and all you get is an earlier wake-up time, which makes your child more tired in the morning and makes him need the midmorning nap all the more
> Months 21 to 36 The midday nap usually lasts until about 3 years of age and then gradually disappears. If the midday nap disappears too soon, your child may become overtired in the late afternoon and have difficulty falling asleep at night.
> SINGLE MIDDAY NAP BEGINS TO DISAPPEAR The majority (80 percent) of children between the ages of 2 and 3 years have a nap length in a narrower band between one and a half to two and a half hours. The most common nap duration between the ages of 2 and 6 years is two hours.
> Q: When do I transition my child from a crib to a bed? A: As he approaches his third birthday, let your child ask for a big bed. If you move him too soon, he may not stay in his bed because he is curious and wants to see what’s going on elsewhere in the house.
> Choose those items that work best for your child and do them at all sleep times. Slowdown activity Close physical contact Gentle massage or mild stretching Cuddle up with the child in a chair Nestle or snuggle in her bed Quiet voices Share a fun event Tell a story, talk about your family Read a book Sing or hum a song Chat about the day Say good night to everyone and everything in the room Play a favorite tape, maybe grandparents singing or saying good night, sounds of nature Comfortable room Photos of family and pets Favorite stuffed animals or dolls Night-light or flashlight Dream catcher or guardian angel for protection
> In a study of 1,105 Japanese 3-year-olds, it was observed that half fell asleep at 10:00 p.m. or later. For all children, the later they went to sleep, the later they woke up in the morning and the longer they napped. However, the later bedtime was associated with less total sleep compared to those with an earlier bedtime.
> NIGHT SLEEP Three-year-olds may no longer have tantrum behaviors, but they may call parents back many times and clearly express their feelings of love for their parents or fears of the dark.
> Not surprisingly, the two factors that most likely predicted success were both parental: the absence of marital discord and the attendance of both parents at the consultation sessions.
> It appears that sharing your plans with your older child is more likely to lead to cooperation. In office consultations, it often seems that the child is listening to the treatment plan discussed, because parents often report back that their child slept better that very night!
> Q: How important are regular bedtimes? A: In general, the bedtime should reflect your child’s needs. With decreasing naps and increasing physical activity, your child’s night-sleep needs may increase.
> The researchers noted that the more variable bedtime, as well as the lateness of bedtime, predicted poor adjustment in preschool, even after considering the roles of family stress and family management/discipline practices.
> Regularizing the sleep/wake schedule has also been shown to reduce daytime sleepiness and promote long-lasting improvements in alertness.
> Then she told our son to pretend that he was a dolphin at night and that it was perfectly all right to come up from sleep, but that he had to go back by himself. It worked.
> Most children between 3 and 6 years of age, according to my survey, still go to sleep between 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. and awaken between 6:30 and 8:00 a.m.
> Going to bed too late may cause bedtime battles, night waking, or early morning wake-ups, or it may mess up the nap schedule.
> Easier children were more regular, approaching, adaptable, mild, and positive in mood than the more difficult children. Which came first, the temperament traits or the sleep?
> I don’t think sleep habits, temperament, and fussing or crying are independent; rather, I believe they are all interrelated.
> Remember, temperament traits are not like fingerprints, which are completely biologically based, unchanging over time, or unique identifiers. Temperament traits are more like hair. Our hair has a biological basis, but it changes over time; texture, length, curliness, and color can change naturally or at our will.
> Between 4 months and 3 years, there was no individual stability regarding the durations of total sleep, night sleep, or naps, which means this time is the window of opportunity for parents to teach healthy sleep habits.
> My impression is that parents who are somewhat regular, consistent, and structured—in terms of both meeting the child’s need to sleep and helping the child learn social rules—enable the child to have fewer behavior problems.
> think the ability to return to sleep unassisted to avoid fragmented sleep (and to avoid upsetting parents!) is learned behavior. So consolidated sleep doesn’t just mean longer sleep: it helps to avoid behavior problems.
> It may seem that there is no solution to this problem, but in fact it’s not that the solution isn’t apparent. The problem is that the solution is not easy. But many worthwhile things are not easy. And as parents, we often have to place the welfare of our children above our own desires and comfort. This is such a time. An earlier bedtime, even at the cost of less family time at night, is the solution.
> However, the relationship is probably not unidirectional: child self-regulation abilities and media habits likely influence each other through a transactional process whereby parents might try to soothe fussier infants through screen time, which reduces the amount of enriching parent-infant interactions and other developmental activities, exposes infants to potentially inappropriate content, and contributes to continued regulatory difficulties, which in turn predict greater media exposure, and so on. Wake-up
> In two separate studies of experimental sleep restriction in children 10 to 14 years of age, the researchers limited night sleep either to seven hours for three days or to five hours for a single night. Although rote memory task performance and routine performance were maintained, higher cognitive functions such as verbal creativity and abstract thinking were impaired.
> Eventually your child might consider herself to be a night person, an owl. This tendency of your teenager to delay going to sleep may be normal, and so, too, may be her need to wake up later. If this is the case, then the late bedtime is not the problem; rather, it’s the too-early start of the school day that’s causing problems.
> My impression is that when teenagers are almost exhausted after school or around dinnertime, it is better not to nap then; instead, they should eat, do a little homework, go to bed early, and wake up much earlier to complete the unfinished homework.
> “Children who maintain recommended levels of sleep across the [entire] week have the most healthy and consistent levels of physical activity.…The findings suggest that it is not enough to have ‘catch-up’ sleep over the weekend, sleep regularity matters for maintaining healthy levels of activity.…
> Social jet lag may also occur in some very young children attending day care who might alternate between different sleep schedules on weekdays and weekends.
> But the greater the weekend catch-up sleep, the greater the number of errors of omission and commission observed on attention tasks. “Increased weekend catch-up sleep as an indicator of insufficient weekday sleep is associated with poor performance on objective attention tasks,”
> Her research showed that the more irregular the bedtime hour, the more impairment of grades, the more injuries associated with alcohol or drugs, and the more days missed from school.
> Our focus has always been to “work backward” from the time we wanted the children to be in bed—with enough downtime to allow for reading. That means planning dinner, homework, projects, and outdoor time to be finished early enough so that the bedtime isn’t compromised.
> Enabling our children to get more sleep is the treatment. I have observed that night terrors disappear when the parents moved the bedtime earlier by only thirty minutes.
> About 5 to 10 percent of children will bang or roll their heads from side to side before falling asleep during their first few years. This usually starts at about 8 months of age. Boys behave this way more than girls.
> Children with documented obstruction of breathing generally sleep less than normal children. At about age 4, the average duration of night sleep was only eight and a half hours in affected children, compared to ten and a quarter hours in healthy children.
> Bed-wetting during sleep normally occurs in about 20 percent of children at age 4 and 10 percent at age 5. After age 5 or 6, bed-wetting during sleep might need to be treated.
> If you are expecting another child, it is best to maintain as much regularity as possible during the pregnancy and not move your young child to a bed until the new baby is about 4 months old, if then.
> When the newborn is about 4 months old, the developing biological rhythms in your baby permit a new and stable social rhythm in the household. Your older child now knows that there are approximate times when his mother is feeding the baby or putting it to sleep.
> Now your goal is to put them down for naps at about 9:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., and not to let them sleep at other times during the day. Expect your babies at 15 to 21 months of age to need a single nap between noon and 2:00 p.m.
> Try to flow with your child: be flexible, forget schedules, try to have as much fun as possible, and don’t worry much if your kids become tired. Irregularity and spontaneity are part of what make vacations fun.
> Fever can alter sleep patterns and can cause light sleep or more frequent awakenings. So it is not surprising that a painful illness with fever, such as an ear infection, causes an increased number of night wakings.
> Let’s say that you have a home office and have hired someone to assist you with the care of your baby. Please do not expect to work, care for your baby, and breast-feed on any regular schedule. Your baby can smell you; she will know you are there!
> This study showed that during the first 2 years of life, about one-third of the difficult children had cuts deep or severe enough to require stitches, while only 5 percent of easy babies had similar cuts.
> By age 3, the briefer the sleep, the more active, excitable, impulsive, inattentive, and easily distracted the child appeared—the perfect description of an accident-prone child. Little wonder, then, that these tired children fell more often, sustaining deep cuts.
> The message is clear: if your child is often injured, it’s not necessarily because he is careless or clumsy—he may be exhausted instead.
> In my own pediatric practice, fat babies are almost always overtired babies. That’s because their mothers have incorrectly attributed their babies’ crying to hunger instead of fatigue. These mothers are always feeding their babies, then telling me that their babies can’t sleep because they’re always hungry!
> This overfeeding habit may actually begin innocently enough in some children at 3 to 4 months of age, when nutritional feedings in the middle of the night give way to recreational feedings. Later, the bottle or breast is used as a pacifier and the frequent sipping and snacking causes excessive weight gain. Please try to become sensitive to the difference between nutritive and non-nutritive feeding.
> So when your baby gets all cranked up late at night with desperate, angry, or relentless screaming when she should be asleep, and you feel like a tightly wound spring, don’t be surprised if you feel you want to “get even” or “shut her up for good.” If you and your child don’t get the sleep you need, you may have experienced these intense feelings of anger, resentment, or ill will toward your child. That doesn’t make you a bad person. The important thing is to be aware of what you are feeling and why.
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ed590b4411239f7448e7b932253761d9f1e56998 | 179 | md | Markdown | README.md | Pratham-mehta/NLP-Experiments | 68efd70152bd5460b2e324d4a5c41de2f14cc590 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Pratham-mehta/NLP-Experiments | 68efd70152bd5460b2e324d4a5c41de2f14cc590 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Pratham-mehta/NLP-Experiments | 68efd70152bd5460b2e324d4a5c41de2f14cc590 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # NLP-Experiments
All NLP experiments are done in either Google Colab or Jupyther Notebook for this Semester 8
## Experiment 1
## Experiment 2
## Experiment 3
## Experiment 4
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# **PRODUÇÃO DE VASSOURAS E ARTESANATOS COM GARRAFAS PET E _PALLET_ APOIADA PELA RHI MAGNESITA -- UNIDADE DE BRUMADO**
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text-align: justify;
}
</style>
<center><h3><em>Lucilla Soledade Matos</em>[^1]</h3></center>
<center><h3><em>Douglas Rodrigues Melo dos Santos</em>[^2]</h3></center>
<center><h3><em>Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues Souza</em>[^3]</h3></center>
<center><h3><em>Joel Augusto Moura Porto</em>[^4]</h3></center>
[^1]: RHI Magnesita -- [email protected].
[^2]: RHI Magnesita -- [email protected].
[^3]: RHI Magnesita -- [email protected].
[^4]: RHI Magnesita -- [email protected].
\section*{Resumo}
\retirarecuo
De acordo com a ABRELPE, o Brasil produz diariamente
mais de 214 mil toneladas de lixo, um custo insuportável para o meio
ambiente, o plástico é um dos componentes de maior capacidade de poluir.
Pensando nisso foi que a RHI Magnesita criou um projeto piloto que
pudesse gerar renda, diminuir a quantidade de resíduos descartados e
promover avanços sociais. O projeto Vínculos Sustentáveis, como ele foi
intitulado, acontece na comunidade de Campo Seco, região pertencente ao
município de Brumado, em parceria com a associação de moradores, com 30
famílias assistidas. As vassouras são comercializadas em dez
supermercados da cidade e também nas comunidades vizinhas.
\retirarecuo
\textbf{Palavras chave}: Produção de Vassouras de PET. Produção de
Vassouras. Sustentabilidade.
\vspace{-0.7cm}
\section*{1. Introdução }
De acordo com o relatório da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de
Limpeza Pública e Resíduos Especiais (ABRELPE), o atual cenário da
destinação dos resíduos sólidos não é positiva. O Panorama dos Resíduos
Sólidos no Brasil (2016) aponta que a geração de lixo aumentou cinco
vezes mais do que a população brasileira, no período de 2003 a 2014.
Além disso, 76,5 milhões de pessoas sofrem com os impactos negativos da
destinação inadequada de resíduos.
%Figura 1 -- Cenário do PET no Brasil.
%
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Imagens/min_48_img.png}
\caption{ Cenário do PET no Brasil.}\label{img48}
%fig_08 no trabalho original
\small{Fonte: Retirada do site plasticos.com.br.}
\end{figure}
Toda iniciativa que tente minimizar a questão do descarte de resíduos
sólidos tem o compromisso de realizar ações concretas de melhorias
socioambientais. O Brasil produz diariamente 180 mil toneladas de lixo,
um custo insuportável para o meio ambiente, o plástico é um dos
componentes de maior impacto ambiental. Pensando nisso foi que a RHI
Magnesita pensou um projeto piloto que pudesse gerar renda, apresentar
mais uma forma de diminuir a quantidade de resíduos descartados
livremente na Natureza e gerar bem-estar, trabalho e sustentabilidade
para as comunidades envolvidas.
O projeto Vínculos Sustentáveis, como ele foi intitulado, acontece na
comunidade de Campo Seco, região pertencente ao município de Brumado, em
parceria com a associação de moradores, com 30 famílias assistidas
diretamente. As vassouras são comercializadas em dez supermercados da
cidade e também nas comunidades vizinhas. Em parceria com a Associação
de Moradores do Campo Seco, o grupo realiza coleta de materiais
recicláveis e os transforma em novos produtos: garrafas PET para a
fabricação de vassouras e \emph{pallets} para a fabricação de móveis.
Em suma, esses trabalhos sociais têm como objetivo:
\begin{itemize}
\item
Apoiar as comunidades a se tornarem cada vez mais sustentáveis;
\item
Retirar resíduos sólidos da natureza (garrafas PET e paletes),
transformando-os em materiais que podem ser incorporados ao mercado.
Com isso, os beneficiários alcançam um retorno financeiro, neste caso
em especial, com oportunidade de inclusão a mão de obra feminina, que
ainda é afastada do mercado de trabalho;
\item
Este projeto em sua perspectiva ainda mais ampla, almeja resgatar
através de um trabalho digno e remunerado, buscando uma forma de
dignidade mais fundamental.
\end{itemize}
\section*{2. Materiais e Métodos }
Este trabalho foi feito com o acompanhamento da produção das vassouras e
dos móveis de \emph{pallet}, levantando-se em conta os dados relativos à
coleta dos resíduos sólidos, sua produção e a comercialização dos
produtos gerados nesse projeto.
\section*{3. Resultados e Discussão }
As garrafas PET que chegam ao projeto são lavadas e têm seus rótulos e
tampas retirados. Após cortadas, as garrafas podem ser destinadas a
trabalhos de artesanarto ou ao processo de produção. Uma vez que sigam
para a linha de produção de vassouras, as garrafas são filetadas e
passam por um aquecimento a 180ºC por 25 minutos em um forno comum. Após
isso, o material é induzido a um choque térmico com água fria,
imediatamente após a saída do forno. Em seguida, é feito o corte do fio
de PET e a sua fixação à cepa da vassoura. Para a finalização, a cepa é
fixada ao cabo da vassoura e, por fim, suas cerdas são aparadas. A
Figura \eqref{img49} ilustra de forma sucinta o fluxograma do processo de produção.
%Figura 4 -- Fluxograma do processo produtivo de vassouras PET.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{Imagens/min_49_img.png}
\caption{Fluxograma do processo produtivo de vassouras PET.}\label{img49}
%fig_08 no trabalho original
\small{Fonte: Retirada do site plasticos.com.br.}
\end{figure}
O material que não é aproveitado das garrafas, com exceção das tampas -
que serão doadas para aquisição de uma cadeira de rodas -, é destinado a
uma empresa local de reciclagem. O dinheiro arrecadado é usado para
compra de materiais de limpeza para a própria unidade de produção do
projeto.
Figuras \eqref{subfig-3:dummy} e \eqref{subfig-4:dummy} -- Imagens de divulgação do projeto Vínculos
Sustentáveis.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\subfloat[\label{subfig-3:dummy}]{%
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{Imagens/div_01.jpg}
}
\hfill
\subfloat[\label{subfig-4:dummy}]{%
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{Imagens/div_02.jpg}
}
\caption{Imagens de divulgação do projeto Vínculos
Sustentáveis.}
\label{fig:dummy5}
\end{figure}
O Quadro abaixo resume as características principais do projeto:
\begin{quadro}[!htp]
\centering
\caption{Visão geral do projeto Vínculos Sustentáveis.} \label{tabelap}
{\scriptsize
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabular}{|p{8em}|p{12em}|p{10em}|p{10em}|p{10em}|}
\hline
\rowcolor[RGB]{14,48,76}
\textcolor{white}{\textbf{Nome do Projeto}}
&
\textcolor{white}{\textbf{Motivação e breve descrição do projeto} (Por que você acha que o
investimento é importante? O que vai acontecer?)}
&
\textcolor{white}{\textbf{Papel da RHI Magnesita} (como nos engajamos? Por exemplo, os
funcionários são voluntários?)}
&
\textcolor{white}{\textbf{Produção Esperada} (Indicadores)}
&
\textcolor{white}{\textbf{Resultados Esperados }(O que vai mudar com esse projeto?)} \\ \hline
Vínculos Sustentáveis & O objetivo deste projeto é oferecer
oportunidades para as mulheres das comunidades do entorno, coletando
materiais recicláveis, fabricando e vendendo produtos. O projeto atende
às necessidades de desenvolvimento das mulheres e suas famílias e
melhora a tradicional marginalização socioeconômica. As mudanças
comportamentais e atitudinais trazidas pelo projeto entre as mulheres
capacita-as~a participar ativamente nos processos de tomada de decisão
no nível da comunidade. & A RHI Magnesita paga
mensalmente a Associação de Moradores do Campo Seco, que organiza as
ações do projeto: pagamento de instrutores, aquisição de materiais e
pagamento de treinamento pessoal; Visitas
técnicas; Acompanhamento dos resultados. & Garrafas
retiradas do meio ambiente / Número de mulheres que participam do
programa / número de cursos / treinamentos realizados / quantidade
recebida por uma mulher participante. & Capacitar as pessoas para
identificar suas necessidades econômicas e explorar formas e meios de
satisfazer essas necessidades / Desenvolver a autoconfiança e a
capacidade de empreender a geração de renda por meio de treinamento e
motivação apropriados e adequados / Proporcionar oportunidades para a
melhoria contínua da formação profissional, conhecimento e habilidades
para emprego remunerado / Desenvolver um espírito de equipe para
trabalhar em conjunto para o desenvolvimento social sustentável e
crescimento econômico.\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
}
}
\end{quadro}
\section*{4. Considerações Finais}
O Projeto Social Vínculos Sustentáveis - Implantação de uma Fábrica de
Vassouras e uma Mini Marcenaria alavancou alguns princípios, tais quais:
\begin{itemize}
\item
Exercício da responsabilidade social (relações comunitárias - apoio as
comunidades a serem mais prósperas, como um dos pilares da nossa
estratégia de Sustentabilidade;
\item
Incluiu em seu contexto a proteção ambiental (um dos focos da Diretriz
de Investimento Corporativo nas Comunidades - redução de 12.000
garrafas por mês dispostas no Meio Ambiente;
\item
A amplitude de ações abrangeu a sociedade e as classes menos
favorecidas economicamente, oportunizando geração de renda para as
famílias envolvidas;
\item
Priorizou a Diversidade, sendo as beneficiárias, 30 mulheres de baixa
renda oriundas de uma comunidade rural;
\item
Atendimento a 30 famílias de baixa renda;
\item
Geração de Renda: R\$300,00 por beneficiário;
\item
Oferta de 4 cursos profissionalizantes (artesanato, produção de
vassouras, marcenaria e pintura de tecidos).
\end{itemize}
Apesar de ser um projeto piloto, os resultados alcançados motivam a
empresa para uma futura expansão, visando não somente à maior produção,
mas também a uma ampliação da quantidade de produtos gerados no projeto.
A RHI Magnesita, líder global em produtos e soluções refratárias, apoia
o desenvolvimento econômico, ambiental e social nas comunidades onde
atua no mundo todo. Ao longo dos últimos anos, a empresa apoia diversas
iniciativas na cidade de Brumado. Em 2019, a companhia investiu cerca de
R\$ 2 milhões em projetos sociais que fomentam educação, cultura,
geração de renda e proteção ao Meio Ambiente. Juntos, os 13 projetos
financiados (Cidadão do Futuro, FRED (Tapeçaria), Horta Comunitária,
Sala RHI Magnesita de Inclusão, Inclusão Digital na Vila Pres. Vargas,
Instituto Trilhar, Voluntariado Empresarial, Jovens Inspiradores,
Futebol de rua, Grupo de Teatro Galpão, Rede Educare, KOMEDI (iniciação
musical) e Vínculos Sustentáveis) e desenvolvidos no município baiano
beneficiaram aproximadamente 6 mil pessoas, especialmente, crianças,
adolescentes e mulheres de famílias carentes.
\section*{Referências Bibliográficas}
\retirarecuo
ABRELPE. Brasil Produz Mais Lixo, Mas Não Avança em Coleta Seletiva.
Disponível em: http://abrelpe.
org.br/brasil-produz-mais-lixo-mas-nao-avanca-em-coleta-seletiva/\textgreater{}.
Acesso em 09 de set 2019.
\retirarecuo
BRASIL. Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, \textbf{Lei 12.305}.
Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 2 ago. 2010. Disponível em:
\textless{}www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil\_03/\_ato2007-2010/\ldots{}/lei/l12305.htm\textgreater{}
Acesso em: 16 abr. 2018.
\retirarecuo
COELHO, T.M., CASTRO, R., GOBBO JR, J.A. \textbf{Resources, Conservation
and Recycling}, v. 55, p.291-299, 2011.
\retirarecuo
MACHADO, P. A. L. \textbf{Revista do Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª
Região}, v. 24, n. 7, jul. 2012.
| 39.641935 | 118 | 0.779396 | por_Latn | 0.999538 |
ed5adf3a6920500579bd598251b149d10592986a | 121 | md | Markdown | README.md | arthun01/Change-Background-JS | 58ced6246516134ed5fce39ecd1f6b5b3881e34f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | arthun01/Change-Background-JS | 58ced6246516134ed5fce39ecd1f6b5b3881e34f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | arthun01/Change-Background-JS | 58ced6246516134ed5fce39ecd1f6b5b3881e34f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Change-Background-JS
Mini projeto em JavaScript que muda a cor do background de acordo com a cor selecionada no site!!
| 40.333333 | 97 | 0.793388 | por_Latn | 0.997541 |
ed5ca0e01304088bf05da151c2bce841eafc60d8 | 8,280 | md | Markdown | _posts/python/2021-03-30-Implementation.md | developerTae/developerTae.github.io | c8e3a1e2b73c21e22a94899c035143cdcd48e80c | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-02-02T06:26:47.000Z | 2021-02-02T06:26:47.000Z | _posts/python/2021-03-30-Implementation.md | developerTae/developerTae.github.io | c8e3a1e2b73c21e22a94899c035143cdcd48e80c | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/python/2021-03-30-Implementation.md | developerTae/developerTae.github.io | c8e3a1e2b73c21e22a94899c035143cdcd48e80c | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2021-07-30T08:01:57.000Z | 2021-08-09T02:58:27.000Z | ---
title: "[유형별 기출문제] 구현"
categories:
- Python
# layout: default
---
> 본 포스팅은 나동빈 저자의 '이것이 취업을 위한 코딩테스트'를 공부하며 정리한 노트입니다.
Q7. 럭키 스트레이트
---
```python
s = input()
n = len(s)
t1, t2 = 0, 0
for i in range(n//2):
t1 += int(s[i])
for j in range(n//2, n):
t2 += int(s[j])
if t1 == t2:
print('LUCKY')
else:
print('READY')
```
Q8. 문자열 재정렬
---
```python
from collections import deque
s = list(input())
s.sort()
q = deque(s)
t = 0
while 48 <= ord(q[0]) <= 57:
t += int(q[0])
q.popleft()
answer = ''
for x in list(q):
answer += x
print(answer + str(t))
```
Q9. 문자열 압축
---
```python
def solution(s):
cnt = 1
min = len(s)
for unit in range(1, len(s)): # 한 단계씩 증가시키며 확인
result = ''
for i in range(0, len(s), unit):
if s[i:i+unit] != s[i+unit:i+(2*unit)]:
if cnt > 1:
result += str(cnt)
result += s[i:i+unit]
cnt = 1
else:
cnt += 1
if len(result) < min:
min = len(result)
return min
```
Q10. 자물쇠와 열쇠
---
```python
def rotate_a_matrix_by_90_degree(a):
n = len(a)
m = len(a)
result = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
for i in range(n):
for j in range(m):
result[j][n - i - 1] = a[i][j]
return result
def check(new_lock):
lock_length = len(new_lock) // 3
for i in range(lock_length, lock_length * 2):
for j in range(lock_length, lock_length * 2):
if new_lock[i][j] != 1:
return False
return True
def solution(key, lock):
n = len(lock)
m = len(key)
new_lock = [[0] * (n * 3) for _ in range(n * 3)]
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
new_lock[i + n][j + n] = lock[i][j]
for rotation in range(4):
key = rotate_a_matrix_by_90_degree(key)
for x in range(n * 2):
for y in range(n * 2):
for i in range(m):
for j in range(m):
new_lock[x + i][y + j] += key[i][j]
if check(new_lock) == True:
return True
for i in range(m):
for j in range(m):
new_lock[x + i][y + j] -= key[i][j]
return False
print(solution([[0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 1]], [[1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 1]]))
```
Q11. 뱀
---
```python
n = int(input()) # 보드의 크기
k = int(input()) # 사과의 개수
data = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)] # 맵 정보
info = [] # 방향 회전 정보
# 맵 정보(사과 있는 곳은 1로 표시)
for _ in range(k):
a, b = map(int, input().split())
data[a][b] = 1
# 방향 회전 정보 입력
l = int(input())
for _ in range(l):
x, c = input().split()
info.append((int(x), c))
# 처음에는 오른쪽을 보고 있으므로(동, 남, 서, 북)
dx = [0, 1, 0, -1]
dy = [1, 0, -1, 0]
def turn(direction, c):
if c == "L":
direction = (direction - 1) % 4
else:
direction = (direction + 1) % 4
return direction
def simulate():
x, y = 1, 1 # 뱀의 머리 위치
data[x][y] = 2 # 뱀이 존재하는 위치는 2로 표시
direction = 0 # 처음에는 동쪽을 보고 있음
time = 0 # 시작한 뒤에 지난 '초' 시간
index = 0 # 다음에 회전할 정보
q = [(x, y)] # 뱀이 차지하고 있는 위치 정보(꼬리가 앞쪽)
while True:
nx = x + dx[direction]
ny = y + dy[direction]
# 맵 범위 안에 있고, 뱀의 몸통이 없는 위치라면
if 1 <= nx and nx <= n and 1 <= ny and ny <= n and data[nx][ny] != 2:
# 사과가 없다면 이동 후에 꼬리 제거
if data[nx][ny] == 0:
data[nx][ny] = 2
q.append((nx, ny))
px, py = q.pop(0)
data[px][py] = 0
# 사과가 있다면 이동 후에 꼬리 그대로 두기
if data[nx][ny] == 1:
data[nx][ny] = 2
q.append((nx, ny))
# 벽이나 뱀의 몸통과 부딪혔다면
else:
time += 1
break
x, y = nx, ny # 다음 위치로 머리를 이동
time += 1
if index < l and time == info[index][0]: # 회전할 시간인 경우 회전
direction = turn(direction, info[index][1])
index += 1
return time
print(simulate())
```
Q12. 기둥과 보 설치
---
```python
def possible(answer):
for x, y, stuff in answer:
if stuff == 0: # 기둥
if y == 0 or [x - 1, y, 1] in answer or [x, y, 1] in answer or [x, y - 1, 0] in answer:
continue
return False
elif stuff == 1: # 보
if [x, y - 1, 0] in answer or [x + 1, y - 1, 0] in answer or ([x - 1, y, 1] in answer and [x + 1, y, 1] in answer):
continue
return False
return True
def solution(n, build_frame):
answer = []
for frame in build_frame:
x, y, stuff, operate = frame
if operate == 0:
answer.remove([x, y, stuff])
if not possible(answer):
answer.append([x, y, stuff])
if operate == 1:
answer.append([x, y, stuff])
if not possible(answer):
answer.remove([x, y, stuff])
return sorted(answer)
```
Q13. 치킨 배달
---
```python
# 나의 풀이
from itertools import combinations
def manhattan_distance(pt1, pt2): # 점1, 점2
result = 0
for i in range(len(pt1)):
result += abs(pt2[i] - pt1[i])
return result
n, m = map(int, input().split()) # 마을의 크기: n, 최대 치킨집의 개수: m
town = []
for _ in range(n):
town.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
home_coordinate, chicken_coordinate = [], [] # 인덱스 1부터 시작하게 만들기 위함
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if town[i][j] == 1: # 가정집 좌표 저장
home_coordinate.append([i, j])
elif town[i][j] == 2: # 초기 치킨집의 좌표 저장
chicken_coordinate.append([i, j])
else:
pass
home_cnt = len(home_coordinate)
chicken_cnt = len(chicken_coordinate)
combinations_result = list(combinations(chicken_coordinate, m))
# M개의 치킨집을 뽑을 수 있는 모든 경우의 수를 따져보면서
min_chickenDistance = float("inf")
for i in combinations_result:
chickenDistance = 0
for j in range(home_cnt): # 가정집을 하나씩 기준으로
min_homeToChicken = float("inf")
for k in range(m): # 가장 가까운 곳에 위치한 치킨집으로의 치킨거리의 맨하탄 거리를 구하여
dist = manhattan_distance(home_coordinate[j], i[k])
min_homeToChicken = min(min_homeToChicken, dist)
chickenDistance += min_homeToChicken # 치킨거리의 합을 구하기
min_chickenDistance = min(min_chickenDistance, chickenDistance)
# 결과 출력
answer = min_chickenDistance
print(answer)
© 2021 GitHub, Inc.
```
Q14. 외벽 점검
---
```python
# 나의
def solution(n, weak, dist):
# 점검표 초기화
checkList = [1] * n # 1: 점검 완료, 0: 점검 필요
for x in weak:
if x == n:
checkList[0] = 0
else:
checkList[x] = 0
dist.sort(reverse=True) # 점검 능력이 뛰어난 점검자부터 점검 내보내기
checkInfo = dict()
# 점검자 순차적으로 내보내기
cnt = 0
for x in dist: # 점검 능력이 뛰어난 점검자부터 점검 내보내기
cnt += 1
max_checkCnt = 0
for y in weak: # 최적의 점검을 할 수 있도록 모든 점검 시작 지점 따져보기
# 왼쪽으로 점검할 때 점검 예정인 지점 개수
print(y-x, y+1)
if y - x < 0:
checkL = checkList[0:y+1].count(0)
else:
checkL = checkList[y-x:y+1].count(0)
# 오른쪽으로 점검할 때 점검 예정인 지점 개수
if y + x >= n:
checkR = checkList[y:n].count(0)
checkR += checkList[0:y+x-n+1].count(0)
else:
checkR = checkList[y:y+x+1].count(0)
# 두 경우 중에 더 많이 점검할 수 있는 경우로 점검 예정
if checkR > checkL:
direction = 'R'
checkCnt = checkR
else:
direction = 'L'
checkCnt = checkL
print('시작지점, 왼쪽, 오른쪽: ', y, checkL, checkR)
if max_checkCnt < checkCnt: # 가장 많이 점검할 수 있는 시작점과 방향 저장
max_checkCnt = checkCnt
checkInfo[x] = (y, direction)
print('checkList: ', checkList)
# 얻은 출발점과 점검 방향 정보를 바탕으로 점검 시작
start, checkDir = checkInfo[x][0], checkInfo[x][1]
print('start, dir: ', start, checkDir)
if checkDir == 'R':
if start + x < n:
for i in range(start, start + x + 1):
checkList[i] = 1
else:
for i in range(start, n):
checkList[i] = 1
for i in range(0, start + x - n + 1):
checkList[i] = 1
else: # checkDir == 'L'
for i in range(start - x, start + 1):
checkList[i] = 1
# 점검표 점검
if checkList.count(1) == n: # 외벽 점검을 모두 완료했다면,
answer = cnt # 점검자 수를 반환
return answer
# 모든 점검자로 점검이 되지 않는 경우
return -1
print(solution(12, [1, 5, 6, 10], [1, 2, 3, 4]))
# print(solution(12, [1, 3, 4, 9, 10], [3, 5, 7]))
``` | 24.939759 | 127 | 0.510628 | kor_Hang | 0.975669 |
ed5ca54c569e0f33ca56e8626989730377709af2 | 138 | md | Markdown | README.md | songyz0310/commons-lang | 7db209a24e085d4d98f9c1fba2d1570b00740fc6 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 7 | 2019-06-03T10:39:18.000Z | 2022-01-11T03:09:15.000Z | README.md | songyz0310/commons-lang | 7db209a24e085d4d98f9c1fba2d1570b00740fc6 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | songyz0310/commons-lang | 7db209a24e085d4d98f9c1fba2d1570b00740fc6 | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 2 | 2019-06-03T10:39:25.000Z | 2021-09-02T03:11:01.000Z | ## flowable-lang
关于flowable 的一些强化和扩展
## 现阶段主要包括
撤销当前步骤指令，节点排序指令，步骤跳跃指令，以及对bpmnXml的合法性校验，针对校验结果已进行国际化，目前只支持中文和英文。
有关校验器可以进行私有规则定制校验等等
| 12.545455 | 64 | 0.826087 | yue_Hant | 0.993168 |
ed5d4fde6e13cd0960dc02fb4f774ec099f959cf | 118,838 | md | Markdown | windows-apps-src/whats-new/windows-10-build-15063-api-diff.md | vladimp/windows-uwp | 0f1bf8e1aa56cb4b9ad70c437224ada5e46a1d5a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | windows-apps-src/whats-new/windows-10-build-15063-api-diff.md | vladimp/windows-uwp | 0f1bf8e1aa56cb4b9ad70c437224ada5e46a1d5a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | windows-apps-src/whats-new/windows-10-build-15063-api-diff.md | vladimp/windows-uwp | 0f1bf8e1aa56cb4b9ad70c437224ada5e46a1d5a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
author: QuinnRadich
title: Windows 10 Creators Update API changes
description: Developers can use the following list to identify new or changed namespaces in Windows 10 build 15063
keywords: what's new, whats new, updates, Windows 10, 1703, creators, 15063
ms.author: quradic
ms.date: 11/02/2017
ms.topic: article
ms.assetid: d1f6739d-eaea-4c5d-b79a-9f7214e42727
ms.localizationpriority: medium
---
# New APIs in Windows 10 build 15063
New and updated API namespaces have been made available to developers in Windows 10 build 15063, also known as the Creators Update or version 1703. Below is a full list of documentation published for namespaces added or modified in this release.
For information on APIs added in the previous public release, see [New APIs in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update](windows-10-build-14393-api-diff.md).
## windows.applicationmodel
### [windows.applicationmodel.activation](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.activation)
activationkind <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.contact <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.contactpanel <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.kind <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.previousexecutionstate <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.splashscreen <br> contactpanelactivatedeventargs.user <br> icontactpanelactivatedeventargs <br> icontactpanelactivatedeventargs.contact <br> icontactpanelactivatedeventargs.contactpanel <br> lockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs <br> lockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.kind <br> lockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.previousexecutionstate <br> lockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.splashscreen <br> toastnotificationactivatedeventargs.currentlyshownapplicationviewid <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.background](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.background)
appbroadcasttrigger <br> appbroadcasttrigger.appbroadcasttrigger <br> appbroadcasttrigger.providerinfo <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.displaynameresource <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.logoresource <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.maxvideobitrate <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.maxvideoheight <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.maxvideowidth <br> appbroadcasttriggerproviderinfo.videokeyframeinterval <br> backgroundtaskbuilder.taskgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistration.alltaskgroups <br> backgroundtaskregistration.gettaskgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistration.taskgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.alltasks <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.backgroundactivated <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.backgroundtaskregistrationgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.backgroundtaskregistrationgroup <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.id <br> backgroundtaskregistrationgroup.name <br> gattcharacteristicnotificationtrigger.eventtriggeringmode <br> gattcharacteristicnotificationtrigger.gattcharacteristicnotificationtrigger <br> gattserviceprovidertrigger <br> gattserviceprovidertrigger.advertisingparameters <br> gattserviceprovidertrigger.createasync <br> gattserviceprovidertrigger.service <br> gattserviceprovidertrigger.triggerid <br> gattserviceprovidertriggerresult <br> gattserviceprovidertriggerresult.error <br> gattserviceprovidertriggerresult.trigger <br> ibackgroundtaskregistration3 <br> ibackgroundtaskregistration3.taskgroup <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.calls.provider](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.calls.provider)
phonecalloriginmanager <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.contacts](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.contacts)
contactannotation.contactlistid <br> contactannotationoperations <br> contactannotationstore.findannotationsforcontactlistasync <br> contactgroup <br> contactmanager.includemiddlenameinsystemdisplayandsort <br> contactmanager.isshowfullcontactcardsupportedasync <br> contactmanagerforuser.showfullcontactcard <br> contactpanel <br> contactpanel.closepanel <br> contactpanel.closing <br> contactpanel.headercolor <br> contactpanel.launchfullapprequested <br> contactpanelclosingeventargs <br> contactpanelclosingeventargs.getdeferral <br> contactpanellaunchfullapprequestedeventargs <br> contactpanellaunchfullapprequestedeventargs.handled <br> contactpicker.createforuser <br> contactpicker.issupportedasync <br> contactpicker.user <br> pinnedcontactidsqueryresult <br> pinnedcontactidsqueryresult.contactids <br> pinnedcontactmanager <br> pinnedcontactmanager.getdefault <br> pinnedcontactmanager.getforuser <br> pinnedcontactmanager.getpinnedcontactidsasync <br> pinnedcontactmanager.iscontactpinned <br> pinnedcontactmanager.ispinsurfacesupported <br> pinnedcontactmanager.issupported <br> pinnedcontactmanager.requestpincontactasync <br> pinnedcontactmanager.requestpincontactsasync <br> pinnedcontactmanager.requestunpincontactasync <br> pinnedcontactmanager.signalcontactactivity <br> pinnedcontactmanager.user <br> pinnedcontactsurface <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.core)
coreapplicationview.properties <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.datatransfer](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.datatransfer)
datapackage.sharecompleted <br> datatransfermanager.shareprovidersrequested <br> sharecompletedeventargs <br> sharecompletedeventargs.sharetarget <br> shareprovider <br> shareprovider.backgroundcolor <br> shareprovider.displayicon <br> shareprovider.shareprovider <br> shareprovider.tag <br> shareprovider.title <br> shareproviderhandler <br> shareprovideroperation <br> shareprovideroperation.data <br> shareprovideroperation.provider <br> shareprovideroperation.reportcompleted <br> shareprovidersrequestedeventargs <br> shareprovidersrequestedeventargs.data <br> shareprovidersrequestedeventargs.getdeferral <br> shareprovidersrequestedeventargs.providers <br> sharetargetinfo <br> sharetargetinfo.appusermodelid <br> sharetargetinfo.shareprovider <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.email](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.email)
emailmessage.replyto <br> emailmessage.sentrepresenting <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.payments.provider](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.payments.provider)
paymentappmanager <br> paymentappmanager.current <br> paymentappmanager.registerasync <br> paymentappmanager.unregisterasync <br> paymenttransaction <br> paymenttransaction.acceptasync <br> paymenttransaction.fromidasync <br> paymenttransaction.payeremail <br> paymenttransaction.payername <br> paymenttransaction.payerphonenumber <br> paymenttransaction.paymentrequest <br> paymenttransaction.reject <br> paymenttransaction.updateselectedshippingoptionasync <br> paymenttransaction.updateshippingaddressasync <br> paymenttransactionacceptresult <br> paymenttransactionacceptresult.status <br> windows.applicationmodel.payments.provider <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.payments](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.payments)
paymentaddress <br> paymentaddress.addresslines <br> paymentaddress.city <br> paymentaddress.country <br> paymentaddress.dependentlocality <br> paymentaddress.languagecode <br> paymentaddress.organization <br> paymentaddress.paymentaddress <br> paymentaddress.phonenumber <br> paymentaddress.postalcode <br> paymentaddress.properties <br> paymentaddress.recipient <br> paymentaddress.region <br> paymentaddress.sortingcode <br> paymentcurrencyamount <br> paymentcurrencyamount.currency <br> paymentcurrencyamount.currencysystem <br> paymentcurrencyamount.paymentcurrencyamount <br> paymentcurrencyamount.paymentcurrencyamount <br> paymentcurrencyamount.value <br> paymentdetails <br> paymentdetails.displayitems <br> paymentdetails.modifiers <br> paymentdetails.paymentdetails <br> paymentdetails.paymentdetails <br> paymentdetails.paymentdetails <br> paymentdetails.shippingoptions <br> paymentdetails.total <br> paymentdetailsmodifier <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.additionaldisplayitems <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.jsondata <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.paymentdetailsmodifier <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.paymentdetailsmodifier <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.paymentdetailsmodifier <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.supportedmethodids <br> paymentdetailsmodifier.total <br> paymentitem <br> paymentitem.amount <br> paymentitem.label <br> paymentitem.paymentitem <br> paymentitem.pending <br> paymentmediator <br> paymentmediator.getsupportedmethodidsasync <br> paymentmediator.paymentmediator <br> paymentmediator.submitpaymentrequestasync <br> paymentmediator.submitpaymentrequestasync <br> paymentmerchantinfo.packagefullname <br> paymentmerchantinfo.paymentmerchantinfo <br> paymentmerchantinfo.paymentmerchantinfo <br> paymentmerchantinfo.uri <br> paymentmethoddata <br> paymentmethoddata.jsondata <br> paymentmethoddata.paymentmethoddata <br> paymentmethoddata.paymentmethoddata <br> paymentmethoddata.supportedmethodids <br> paymentoptionpresence <br> paymentoptions <br> paymentoptions.paymentoptions <br> paymentoptions.requestpayeremail <br> paymentoptions.requestpayername <br> paymentoptions.requestpayerphonenumber <br> paymentoptions.requestshipping <br> paymentoptions.shippingtype <br> paymentrequest <br> paymentrequest.details <br> paymentrequest.merchantinfo <br> paymentrequest.methoddata <br> paymentrequest.options <br> paymentrequest.paymentrequest <br> paymentrequest.paymentrequest <br> paymentrequest.paymentrequest <br> paymentrequestchangedargs <br> paymentrequestchangedargs.acknowledge <br> paymentrequestchangedargs.changekind <br> paymentrequestchangedargs.selectedshippingoption <br> paymentrequestchangedargs.shippingaddress <br> paymentrequestchangedhandler <br> paymentrequestchangedresult <br> paymentrequestchangedresult.changeacceptedbymerchant <br> paymentrequestchangedresult.message <br> paymentrequestchangedresult.paymentrequestchangedresult <br> paymentrequestchangedresult.paymentrequestchangedresult <br> paymentrequestchangedresult.updatedpaymentdetails <br> paymentrequestchangekind <br> paymentrequestcompletionstatus <br> paymentrequeststatus <br> paymentrequestsubmitresult <br> paymentrequestsubmitresult.response <br> paymentrequestsubmitresult.status <br> paymentresponse <br> paymentresponse.completeasync <br> paymentresponse.payeremail <br> paymentresponse.payername <br> paymentresponse.payerphonenumber <br> paymentresponse.paymenttoken <br> paymentresponse.shippingaddress <br> paymentresponse.shippingoption <br> paymentshippingoption <br> paymentshippingoption.amount <br> paymentshippingoption.isselected <br> paymentshippingoption.label <br> paymentshippingoption.paymentshippingoption <br> paymentshippingoption.paymentshippingoption <br> paymentshippingoption.paymentshippingoption <br> paymentshippingoption.tag <br> paymentshippingtype <br> paymenttoken <br> paymenttoken.jsondetails <br> paymenttoken.paymentmethodid <br> paymenttoken.paymenttoken <br> paymenttoken.paymenttoken <br> windows.applicationmodel.payments <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.preview.holographic](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.preview.holographic)
holographicapplicationpreview <br> holographicapplicationpreview.iscurrentviewpresentedonholographicdisplay <br> holographicapplicationpreview.isholographicactivation <br> windows.applicationmodel.preview.holographic <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.preview.inkworkspace](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.preview.inkworkspace)
inkworkspacehostedappmanager <br> inkworkspacehostedappmanager.getforcurrentapp <br> inkworkspacehostedappmanager.setthumbnailasync <br> windows.applicationmodel.preview.inkworkspace <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.preview.notes](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.preview.notes)
noteswindowmanagerpreview.setfocustopreviousview <br> noteswindowmanagerpreview.setthumbnailimagefortaskswitcherasync <br> noteswindowmanagerpreview.shownoterelativeto <br> noteswindowmanagerpreview.shownotewithplacement <br> noteswindowmanagerpreviewshownoteoptions <br> noteswindowmanagerpreviewshownoteoptions.noteswindowmanagerpreviewshownoteoptions <br> noteswindowmanagerpreviewshownoteoptions.showwithfocus <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.store.licensemanagement](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.store.licensemanagement)
licensemanager.refreshlicensesasync <br> licenserefreshoption <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.store.preview.installcontrol](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.store.preview.installcontrol)
appinstallitem.children <br> appinstallitem.itemoperationsmightaffectotheritems <br> appinstallmanager.appinstallitemswithgroupsupport <br> appinstallmanager.getfreedeviceentitlementasync <br> appinstallmanager.getfreeuserentitlementasync <br> appinstallmanager.getfreeuserentitlementforuserasync <br> getentitlementresult <br> getentitlementresult.status <br> getentitlementstatus <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.store.preview](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.store.preview)
storeconfiguration.getenterprisestorewebaccountid <br> storeconfiguration.getenterprisestorewebaccountidforuser <br> storeconfiguration.getstorewebaccountid <br> storeconfiguration.getstorewebaccountidforuser <br> storeconfiguration.setenterprisestorewebaccountid <br> storeconfiguration.setenterprisestorewebaccountidforuser <br> storeconfiguration.shouldrestricttoenterprisestoreonly <br> storeconfiguration.shouldrestricttoenterprisestoreonlyforuser <br> webauthenticationcoremanagerhelper <br> webauthenticationcoremanagerhelper.requesttokenwithuielementhostingasync <br> webauthenticationcoremanagerhelper.requesttokenwithuielementhostingasync <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.userdataaccounts](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.userdataaccounts)
userdataaccount.canshowcreatecontactgroup <br> userdataaccount.findcontactgroupsasync <br> userdataaccount.finduserdatatasklistsasync <br> userdataaccount.providerproperties <br> userdataaccount.tryshowcreatecontactgroupasync <br> userdataaccountstore.createaccountasync <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks.dataprovider](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks.dataprovider)
userdatataskdataproviderconnection <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.completetaskrequested <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.createorupdatetaskrequested <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.deletetaskrequested <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.skipoccurrencerequested <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.start <br> userdatataskdataproviderconnection.syncrequested <br> userdatataskdataprovidertriggerdetails <br> userdatataskdataprovidertriggerdetails.connection <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequest <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequest.reportcompletedasync <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequest.reportfailedasync <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequest.taskid <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequest.tasklistid <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequesteventargs <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequesteventargs.getdeferral <br> userdatatasklistcompletetaskrequesteventargs.request <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequest <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequest.reportcompletedasync <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequest.reportfailedasync <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequest.task <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequest.tasklistid <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequesteventargs <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequesteventargs.getdeferral <br> userdatatasklistcreateorupdatetaskrequesteventargs.request <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequest <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequest.reportcompletedasync <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequest.reportfailedasync <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequest.taskid <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequest.tasklistid <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequesteventargs <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequesteventargs.getdeferral <br> userdatatasklistdeletetaskrequesteventargs.request <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequest <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequest.reportcompletedasync <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequest.reportfailedasync <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequest.taskid <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequest.tasklistid <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequesteventargs <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequesteventargs.getdeferral <br> userdatatasklistskipoccurrencerequesteventargs.request <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequest <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequest.reportcompletedasync <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequest.reportfailedasync <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequest.tasklistid <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequesteventargs <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequesteventargs.getdeferral <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanagersyncrequesteventargs.request <br> windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks.dataprovider <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks)
userdatatask <br> userdatatask.completeddate <br> userdatatask.details <br> userdatatask.detailskind <br> userdatatask.duedate <br> userdatatask.id <br> userdatatask.kind <br> userdatatask.listid <br> userdatatask.priority <br> userdatatask.recurrenceproperties <br> userdatatask.regenerationproperties <br> userdatatask.reminder <br> userdatatask.remoteid <br> userdatatask.sensitivity <br> userdatatask.startdate <br> userdatatask.subject <br> userdatatask.userdatatask <br> userdatataskbatch <br> userdatataskbatch.tasks <br> userdatataskdaysofweek <br> userdatataskdetailskind <br> userdatataskkind <br> userdatatasklist <br> userdatatasklist.deleteasync <br> userdatatasklist.deletetaskasync <br> userdatatasklist.displayname <br> userdatatasklist.gettaskasync <br> userdatatasklist.gettaskreader <br> userdatatasklist.gettaskreader <br> userdatatasklist.id <br> userdatatasklist.limitedwriteoperations <br> userdatatasklist.otherappreadaccess <br> userdatatasklist.otherappwriteaccess <br> userdatatasklist.registersyncmanagerasync <br> userdatatasklist.saveasync <br> userdatatasklist.savetaskasync <br> userdatatasklist.sourcedisplayname <br> userdatatasklist.syncmanager <br> userdatatasklist.userdataaccountid <br> userdatatasklistlimitedwriteoperations <br> userdatatasklistlimitedwriteoperations.trycompletetaskasync <br> userdatatasklistlimitedwriteoperations.trycreateorupdatetaskasync <br> userdatatasklistlimitedwriteoperations.trydeletetaskasync <br> userdatatasklistlimitedwriteoperations.tryskipoccurrenceasync <br> userdatatasklistotherappreadaccess <br> userdatatasklistotherappwriteaccess <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager.lastattemptedsynctime <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager.lastsuccessfulsynctime <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager.status <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager.syncasync <br> userdatatasklistsyncmanager.syncstatuschanged <br> userdatatasklistsyncstatus <br> userdatataskmanager <br> userdatataskmanager.getdefault <br> userdatataskmanager.getforuser <br> userdatataskmanager.requeststoreasync <br> userdatataskmanager.user <br> userdatataskpriority <br> userdatataskquerykind <br> userdatataskqueryoptions <br> userdatataskqueryoptions.kind <br> userdatataskqueryoptions.sortproperty <br> userdatataskqueryoptions.userdatataskqueryoptions <br> userdatataskquerysortproperty <br> userdatataskreader <br> userdatataskreader.readbatchasync <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.day <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.daysofweek <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.interval <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.month <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.occurrences <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.unit <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.until <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.userdatataskrecurrenceproperties <br> userdatataskrecurrenceproperties.weekofmonth <br> userdatataskrecurrenceunit <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties.interval <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties.occurrences <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties.unit <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties.until <br> userdatataskregenerationproperties.userdatataskregenerationproperties <br> userdatataskregenerationunit <br> userdatatasksensitivity <br> userdatataskstore <br> userdatataskstore.createlistasync <br> userdatataskstore.createlistasync <br> userdatataskstore.findlistsasync <br> userdatataskstore.getlistasync <br> userdatataskstoreaccesstype <br> userdatataskweekofmonth <br> windows.applicationmodel.userdatatasks <br>
### [windows.applicationmodel](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.applicationmodel)
package.getcontentgroupasync <br> package.getcontentgroupsasync <br> package.setinuseasync <br> package.stagecontentgroupsasync <br> package.stagecontentgroupsasync <br> packagecatalog.addoptionalpackageasync <br> packagecatalog.packagecontentgroupstaging <br> packagecatalogaddoptionalpackageresult <br> packagecatalogaddoptionalpackageresult.extendederror <br> packagecatalogaddoptionalpackageresult.package <br> packagecontentgroup <br> packagecontentgroup.isrequired <br> packagecontentgroup.name <br> packagecontentgroup.package <br> packagecontentgroup.requiredgroupname <br> packagecontentgroup.state <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.activityid <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.contentgroupname <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.errorcode <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.iscomplete <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.iscontentgrouprequired <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.package <br> packagecontentgroupstagingeventargs.progress <br> packagecontentgroupstate <br> packagestatus.ispartiallystaged <br>
## windows.devices
### [windows.devices.bluetooth.background](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.bluetooth.background)
bluetootheventtriggeringmode <br> gattcharacteristicnotificationtriggerdetails.error <br> gattcharacteristicnotificationtriggerdetails.eventtriggeringmode <br> gattcharacteristicnotificationtriggerdetails.valuechangedevents <br> gattserviceproviderconnection <br> gattserviceproviderconnection.allservices <br> gattserviceproviderconnection.service <br> gattserviceproviderconnection.start <br> gattserviceproviderconnection.triggerid <br> gattserviceprovidertriggerdetails <br> gattserviceprovidertriggerdetails.connection <br>
### [windows.devices.bluetooth.genericattributeprofile](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.bluetooth.genericattributeprofile)
gattcharacteristic.getdescriptorsasync <br> gattcharacteristic.getdescriptorsasync <br> gattcharacteristic.getdescriptorsforuuidasync <br> gattcharacteristic.getdescriptorsforuuidasync <br> gattcharacteristic.writeclientcharacteristicconfigurationdescriptorwithresultasync <br> gattcharacteristic.writevaluewithresultasync <br> gattcharacteristic.writevaluewithresultasync <br> gattcharacteristicsresult <br> gattcharacteristicsresult.characteristics <br> gattcharacteristicsresult.protocolerror <br> gattcharacteristicsresult.status <br> gattclientnotificationresult <br> gattclientnotificationresult.protocolerror <br> gattclientnotificationresult.status <br> gattclientnotificationresult.subscribedclient <br> gattcommunicationstatus <br> gattdescriptor.writevaluewithresultasync <br> gattdescriptorsresult <br> gattdescriptorsresult.descriptors <br> gattdescriptorsresult.protocolerror <br> gattdescriptorsresult.status <br> gattdeviceservice.deviceaccessinformation <br> gattdeviceservice.fromidasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getcharacteristicsasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getcharacteristicsasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getcharacteristicsforuuidasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getcharacteristicsforuuidasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getdeviceselectorforbluetoothdeviceid <br> gattdeviceservice.getdeviceselectorforbluetoothdeviceid <br> gattdeviceservice.getdeviceselectorforbluetoothdeviceidanduuid <br> gattdeviceservice.getdeviceselectorforbluetoothdeviceidanduuid <br> gattdeviceservice.getincludedservicesasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getincludedservicesasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getincludedservicesforuuidasync <br> gattdeviceservice.getincludedservicesforuuidasync <br> gattdeviceservice.openasync <br> gattdeviceservice.requestaccessasync <br> gattdeviceservice.session <br> gattdeviceservice.sharingmode <br> gattdeviceservicesresult <br> gattdeviceservicesresult.protocolerror <br> gattdeviceservicesresult.services <br> gattdeviceservicesresult.status <br> gattlocalcharacteristic <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.characteristicproperties <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.createdescriptorasync <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.descriptors <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.notifyvalueasync <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.notifyvalueasync <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.presentationformats <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.readprotectionlevel <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.readrequested <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.staticvalue <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.subscribedclients <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.subscribedclientschanged <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.userdescription <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.uuid <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.writeprotectionlevel <br> gattlocalcharacteristic.writerequested <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.characteristicproperties <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.gattlocalcharacteristicparameters <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.presentationformats <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.readprotectionlevel <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.staticvalue <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.userdescription <br> gattlocalcharacteristicparameters.writeprotectionlevel <br> gattlocalcharacteristicresult <br> gattlocalcharacteristicresult.characteristic <br> gattlocalcharacteristicresult.error <br> gattlocaldescriptor <br> gattlocaldescriptor.readprotectionlevel <br> gattlocaldescriptor.readrequested <br> gattlocaldescriptor.staticvalue <br> gattlocaldescriptor.uuid <br> gattlocaldescriptor.writeprotectionlevel <br> gattlocaldescriptor.writerequested <br> gattlocaldescriptorparameters <br> gattlocaldescriptorparameters.gattlocaldescriptorparameters <br> gattlocaldescriptorparameters.readprotectionlevel <br> gattlocaldescriptorparameters.staticvalue <br> gattlocaldescriptorparameters.writeprotectionlevel <br> gattlocaldescriptorresult <br> gattlocaldescriptorresult.descriptor <br> gattlocaldescriptorresult.error <br> gattlocalservice <br> gattlocalservice.characteristics <br> gattlocalservice.createcharacteristicasync <br> gattlocalservice.uuid <br> gattopenstatus <br> gattpresentationformat.fromparts <br> gattprotocolerror <br> gattprotocolerror.attributenotfound <br> gattprotocolerror.attributenotlong <br> gattprotocolerror.insufficientauthentication <br> gattprotocolerror.insufficientauthorization <br> gattprotocolerror.insufficientencryption <br> gattprotocolerror.insufficientencryptionkeysize <br> gattprotocolerror.insufficientresources <br> gattprotocolerror.invalidattributevaluelength <br> gattprotocolerror.invalidhandle <br> gattprotocolerror.invalidoffset <br> gattprotocolerror.invalidpdu <br> gattprotocolerror.preparequeuefull <br> gattprotocolerror.readnotpermitted <br> gattprotocolerror.requestnotsupported <br> gattprotocolerror.unlikelyerror <br> gattprotocolerror.unsupportedgrouptype <br> gattprotocolerror.writenotpermitted <br> gattreadclientcharacteristicconfigurationdescriptorresult.protocolerror <br> gattreadrequest <br> gattreadrequest.length <br> gattreadrequest.offset <br> gattreadrequest.respondwithprotocolerror <br> gattreadrequest.respondwithvalue <br> gattreadrequest.state <br> gattreadrequest.statechanged <br> gattreadrequestedeventargs <br> gattreadrequestedeventargs.getdeferral <br> gattreadrequestedeventargs.getrequestasync <br> gattreadrequestedeventargs.session <br> gattreadresult.protocolerror <br> gattreliablewritetransaction.commitwithresultasync <br> gattrequeststate <br> gattrequeststatechangedeventargs <br> gattrequeststatechangedeventargs.error <br> gattrequeststatechangedeventargs.state <br> gattserviceprovider <br> gattserviceprovider.advertisementstatus <br> gattserviceprovider.advertisementstatuschanged <br> gattserviceprovider.createasync <br> gattserviceprovider.service <br> gattserviceprovider.startadvertising <br> gattserviceprovider.startadvertising <br> gattserviceprovider.stopadvertising <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisementstatus <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisementstatuschangedeventargs <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisementstatuschangedeventargs.error <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisementstatuschangedeventargs.status <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisingparameters <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisingparameters.gattserviceprovideradvertisingparameters <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisingparameters.isconnectable <br> gattserviceprovideradvertisingparameters.isdiscoverable <br> gattserviceproviderresult <br> gattserviceproviderresult.error <br> gattserviceproviderresult.serviceprovider <br> gattsession <br> gattsession.canmaintainconnection <br> gattsession.close <br> gattsession.deviceid <br> gattsession.fromdeviceidasync <br> gattsession.maintainconnection <br> gattsession.maxpdusize <br> gattsession.maxpdusizechanged <br> gattsession.sessionstatus <br> gattsession.sessionstatuschanged <br> gattsessionstatus <br> gattsessionstatuschangedeventargs <br> gattsessionstatuschangedeventargs.error <br> gattsessionstatuschangedeventargs.status <br> gattsharingmode <br> gattsubscribedclient <br> gattsubscribedclient.maxnotificationsize <br> gattsubscribedclient.maxnotificationsizechanged <br> gattsubscribedclient.session <br> gattwriterequest <br> gattwriterequest.offset <br> gattwriterequest.option <br> gattwriterequest.respond <br> gattwriterequest.respondwithprotocolerror <br> gattwriterequest.state <br> gattwriterequest.statechanged <br> gattwriterequest.value <br> gattwriterequestedeventargs <br> gattwriterequestedeventargs.getdeferral <br> gattwriterequestedeventargs.getrequestasync <br> gattwriterequestedeventargs.session <br> gattwriteresult <br> gattwriteresult.protocolerror <br> gattwriteresult.status <br>
### [windows.devices.bluetooth](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.bluetooth)
bluetoothadapter <br> bluetoothadapter.bluetoothaddress <br> bluetoothadapter.deviceid <br> bluetoothadapter.fromidasync <br> bluetoothadapter.getdefaultasync <br> bluetoothadapter.getdeviceselector <br> bluetoothadapter.getradioasync <br> bluetoothadapter.isadvertisementoffloadsupported <br> bluetoothadapter.iscentralrolesupported <br> bluetoothadapter.isclassicsupported <br> bluetoothadapter.islowenergysupported <br> bluetoothadapter.isperipheralrolesupported <br> bluetoothaddresstype <br> bluetoothdeviceid <br> bluetoothdeviceid.id <br> bluetoothdeviceid.isclassicdevice <br> bluetoothdeviceid.islowenergydevice <br> bluetootherror <br> bluetoothledevice.deviceaccessinformation <br> bluetoothledevice.getgattservicesasync <br> bluetoothledevice.getgattservicesasync <br> bluetoothledevice.getgattservicesforuuidasync <br> bluetoothledevice.getgattservicesforuuidasync <br> bluetoothledevice.requestaccessasync <br> bluetoothuuidhelper <br> bluetoothuuidhelper.fromshortid <br> bluetoothuuidhelper.trygetshortid <br>
### [windows.devices.gpio](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.gpio)
gpiochangecount <br> gpiochangecounter <br> gpiochangecounter.close <br> gpiochangecounter.gpiochangecounter <br> gpiochangecounter.isstarted <br> gpiochangecounter.polarity <br> gpiochangecounter.read <br> gpiochangecounter.reset <br> gpiochangecounter.start <br> gpiochangecounter.stop <br> gpiochangepolarity <br> gpiochangereader <br> gpiochangereader.capacity <br> gpiochangereader.clear <br> gpiochangereader.close <br> gpiochangereader.getallitems <br> gpiochangereader.getnextitem <br> gpiochangereader.gpiochangereader <br> gpiochangereader.gpiochangereader <br> gpiochangereader.isempty <br> gpiochangereader.isoverflowed <br> gpiochangereader.isstarted <br> gpiochangereader.length <br> gpiochangereader.peeknextitem <br> gpiochangereader.polarity <br> gpiochangereader.start <br> gpiochangereader.stop <br> gpiochangereader.waitforitemsasync <br> gpiochangerecord <br> gpioopenstatus <br>
### [windows.devices.haptics](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.haptics)
knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms <br> knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms.buzzcontinuous <br> knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms.click <br> knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms.press <br> knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms.release <br> knownsimplehapticscontrollerwaveforms.rumblecontinuous <br> simplehapticscontroller <br> simplehapticscontroller.id <br> simplehapticscontroller.isintensitysupported <br> simplehapticscontroller.isplaycountsupported <br> simplehapticscontroller.isplaydurationsupported <br> simplehapticscontroller.isreplaypauseintervalsupported <br> simplehapticscontroller.sendhapticfeedback <br> simplehapticscontroller.sendhapticfeedback <br> simplehapticscontroller.sendhapticfeedbackforduration <br> simplehapticscontroller.sendhapticfeedbackforplaycount <br> simplehapticscontroller.stopfeedback <br> simplehapticscontroller.supportedfeedback <br> simplehapticscontrollerfeedback <br> simplehapticscontrollerfeedback.duration <br> simplehapticscontrollerfeedback.waveform <br> vibrationaccessstatus <br> vibrationdevice <br> vibrationdevice.findallasync <br> vibrationdevice.fromidasync <br> vibrationdevice.getdefaultasync <br> vibrationdevice.getdeviceselector <br> vibrationdevice.id <br> vibrationdevice.requestaccessasync <br> vibrationdevice.simplehapticscontroller <br> windows.devices.haptics <br>
### [windows.devices.i2c](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.i2c)
i2ctransferstatus <br>
### [windows.devices.pointofservice](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.pointofservice)
barcodescanner.close <br> barcodescanner.getdeviceselector <br> barcodesymbologies.gs1dwcode <br> barcodesymbologyattributes <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.decodelength1 <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.decodelength2 <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.decodelengthkind <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.ischeckdigittransmissionenabled <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.ischeckdigittransmissionsupported <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.ischeckdigitvalidationenabled <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.ischeckdigitvalidationsupported <br> barcodesymbologyattributes.isdecodelengthsupported <br> barcodesymbologydecodelengthkind <br> cashdrawer.close <br> cashdrawer.getdeviceselector <br> claimedbarcodescanner.getsymbologyattributesasync <br> claimedbarcodescanner.setsymbologyattributesasync <br> claimedlinedisplay <br> claimedlinedisplay.capabilities <br> claimedlinedisplay.close <br> claimedlinedisplay.defaultwindow <br> claimedlinedisplay.devicecontroldescription <br> claimedlinedisplay.devicecontrolversion <br> claimedlinedisplay.deviceid <br> claimedlinedisplay.deviceserviceversion <br> claimedlinedisplay.fromidasync <br> claimedlinedisplay.getdeviceselector <br> claimedlinedisplay.getdeviceselector <br> claimedlinedisplay.physicaldevicedescription <br> claimedlinedisplay.physicaldevicename <br> claimedlinedisplay.releasedevicerequested <br> claimedlinedisplay.retaindevice <br> linedisplay <br> linedisplay.capabilities <br> linedisplay.claimasync <br> linedisplay.close <br> linedisplay.devicecontroldescription <br> linedisplay.devicecontrolversion <br> linedisplay.deviceid <br> linedisplay.deviceserviceversion <br> linedisplay.fromidasync <br> linedisplay.getdefaultasync <br> linedisplay.getdeviceselector <br> linedisplay.getdeviceselector <br> linedisplay.physicaldevicedescription <br> linedisplay.physicaldevicename <br> linedisplaycapabilities <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canblink <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canchangeblinkrate <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canchangescreensize <br> linedisplaycapabilities.candisplaybitmaps <br> linedisplaycapabilities.candisplaycustomglyphs <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canmapcharactersets <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canreadcharacteratcursor <br> linedisplaycapabilities.canreverse <br> linedisplaycapabilities.isbrightnesssupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.iscursorsupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.ishorizontalmarqueesupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.isintercharacterwaitsupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.isstatisticsreportingsupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.isstatisticsupdatingsupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.isverticalmarqueesupported <br> linedisplaycapabilities.powerreportingtype <br> linedisplaycapabilities.supporteddescriptors <br> linedisplaycapabilities.supportedwindows <br> linedisplayscrolldirection <br> linedisplaytextattribute <br> linedisplaytextattributegranularity <br> linedisplaywindow <br> linedisplaywindow.close <br> linedisplaywindow.intercharacterwaitinterval <br> linedisplaywindow.sizeincharacters <br> linedisplaywindow.trycleartextasync <br> linedisplaywindow.trydisplaytextasync <br> linedisplaywindow.trydisplaytextasync <br> linedisplaywindow.trydisplaytextasync <br> linedisplaywindow.tryrefreshasync <br> linedisplaywindow.tryscrolltextasync <br> magneticstripereader.close <br> magneticstripereader.getdeviceselector <br> posconnectiontypes <br> posprinter.close <br> posprinter.getdeviceselector <br>
### [windows.devices.pwm](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.pwm)
pwmcontroller.fromidasync <br> pwmcontroller.getdeviceselector <br> pwmcontroller.getdeviceselector <br>
### [windows.devices.smartcards](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.devices.smartcards)
smartcardcryptogramalgorithm <br> smartcardcryptogramgenerator.getallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsasync <br> smartcardcryptogramgenerator.getallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsasync <br> smartcardcryptogramgenerator.getallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsasync <br> smartcardcryptogramgenerator.getallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsasync <br> smartcardcryptogramgenerator.validaterequestapduasync <br> smartcardcryptogramgeneratoroperationstatus <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsresult.characteristics <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsresult.operationstatus <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsresult.smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialcharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsresult.characteristics <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsresult.operationstatus <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsresult.smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsresult.characteristics <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsresult.operationstatus <br> smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsresult.smartcardcryptogramgetallcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristicsresult <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.allowedalgorithms <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.allowedproofofpossessionalgorithms <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.allowedvalidations <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.materiallength <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.materialname <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.materialtype <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.protectionmethod <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.protectionversion <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics.smartcardcryptogrammaterialcharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics.dateimported <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics.packageformat <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics.packagename <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics.smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialpackagecharacteristics.storagekeyname <br> smartcardcryptogrammaterialprotectionmethod <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics.algorithm <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics.capabilities <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics.datecreated <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics.smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics <br> smartcardcryptogramstoragekeycharacteristics.storagekeyname <br> smartcardtriggerdetails.smartcard <br>
## windows.gaming
### [windows.gaming.input.custom](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.gaming.input.custom)
gamecontrollerfactorymanager.trygetfactorycontrollerfromgamecontroller <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.firmwareversioninfo <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.getfeaturereport <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.hardwareproductid <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.hardwarevendorid <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.hardwareversioninfo <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.isconnected <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.sendfeaturereport <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.sendoutputreport <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.usageid <br> hidgamecontrollerprovider.usagepage <br> ihidgamecontrollerinputsink <br> ihidgamecontrollerinputsink.oninputreportreceived <br>
### [windows.gaming.input](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.gaming.input)
arcadestick.fromgamecontroller <br> arcadestick.trygetbatteryreport <br> flightstick <br> flightstick.flightstickadded <br> flightstick.flightstickremoved <br> flightstick.flightsticks <br> flightstick.fromgamecontroller <br> flightstick.getbuttonlabel <br> flightstick.getcurrentreading <br> flightstick.hatswitchkind <br> flightstick.headset <br> flightstick.headsetconnected <br> flightstick.headsetdisconnected <br> flightstick.iswireless <br> flightstick.trygetbatteryreport <br> flightstick.user <br> flightstick.userchanged <br> flightstickbuttons <br> flightstickreading <br> gamecontrollerswitchkind <br> gamecontrollerswitchposition <br> gamepad.fromgamecontroller <br> gamepad.trygetbatteryreport <br> headset.trygetbatteryreport <br> igamecontrollerbatteryinfo <br> igamecontrollerbatteryinfo.trygetbatteryreport <br> racingwheel.fromgamecontroller <br> racingwheel.trygetbatteryreport <br> rawgamecontroller <br> rawgamecontroller.axiscount <br> rawgamecontroller.buttoncount <br> rawgamecontroller.forcefeedbackmotors <br> rawgamecontroller.fromgamecontroller <br> rawgamecontroller.getbuttonlabel <br> rawgamecontroller.getcurrentreading <br> rawgamecontroller.getswitchkind <br> rawgamecontroller.hardwareproductid <br> rawgamecontroller.hardwarevendorid <br> rawgamecontroller.headset <br> rawgamecontroller.headsetconnected <br> rawgamecontroller.headsetdisconnected <br> rawgamecontroller.iswireless <br> rawgamecontroller.rawgamecontrolleradded <br> rawgamecontroller.rawgamecontrollerremoved <br> rawgamecontroller.rawgamecontrollers <br> rawgamecontroller.switchcount <br> rawgamecontroller.trygetbatteryreport <br> rawgamecontroller.user <br> rawgamecontroller.userchanged <br> uinavigationcontroller.fromgamecontroller <br> uinavigationcontroller.trygetbatteryreport <br>
## windows.graphics
### [windows.graphics.display.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.graphics.display.core)
hdmidisplaycolorspace <br>
### [windows.graphics.display](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.graphics.display)
brightnessoverride <br> brightnessoverride.brightnesslevel <br> brightnessoverride.brightnesslevelchanged <br> brightnessoverride.getdefaultforsystem <br> brightnessoverride.getforcurrentview <br> brightnessoverride.getlevelforscenario <br> brightnessoverride.isoverrideactive <br> brightnessoverride.isoverrideactivechanged <br> brightnessoverride.issupported <br> brightnessoverride.issupportedchanged <br> brightnessoverride.saveforsystemasync <br> brightnessoverride.setbrightnesslevel <br> brightnessoverride.setbrightnessscenario <br> brightnessoverride.startoverride <br> brightnessoverride.stopoverride <br> displaybrightnessoverrideoptions <br> displaybrightnessscenario <br>
### [windows.graphics.holographic](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.graphics.holographic)
holographiccamera.display <br> holographiccamera.leftviewportparameters <br> holographiccamera.rightviewportparameters <br> holographiccamerarenderingparameters.commitdirect3d11depthbuffer <br> holographiccamerarenderingparameters.reprojectionmode <br> holographiccameraviewportparameters <br> holographiccameraviewportparameters.hiddenareamesh <br> holographiccameraviewportparameters.visibleareamesh <br> holographicdisplay <br> holographicdisplay.adapterid <br> holographicdisplay.displayname <br> holographicdisplay.getdefault <br> holographicdisplay.isopaque <br> holographicdisplay.isstereo <br> holographicdisplay.maxviewportsize <br> holographicdisplay.spatiallocator <br> holographicreprojectionmode <br> holographicspace.isavailable <br> holographicspace.isavailablechanged <br> holographicspace.issupported <br>
### [windows.graphics](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.graphics)
pointint32 <br> rectint32 <br> sizeint32 <br> windows.graphics <br>
## windows.management
### [windows.management.deployment](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.management.deployment)
deploymentoptions <br> deploymentresult.isregistered <br> packagemanager.addpackageasync <br> packagemanager.debugsettings <br> packagemanager.registerpackagebyfamilynameasync <br> packagemanager.stagepackageasync <br> packagemanagerdebugsettings <br> packagemanagerdebugsettings.setcontentgroupstateasync <br> packagemanagerdebugsettings.setcontentgroupstateasync <br>
### [windows.management.policies](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.management.policies)
windows.management.policies <br>
### [windows.management](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.management)
mdmalert <br> mdmalert.data <br> mdmalert.format <br> mdmalert.mark <br> mdmalert.mdmalert <br> mdmalert.source <br> mdmalert.status <br> mdmalert.target <br> mdmalert.type <br> mdmalertdatatype <br> mdmalertmark <br> mdmsession <br> mdmsession.alerts <br> mdmsession.attachasync <br> mdmsession.delete <br> mdmsession.extendederror <br> mdmsession.id <br> mdmsession.startasync <br> mdmsession.state <br> mdmsessionmanager <br> mdmsessionmanager.deletesessionbyid <br> mdmsessionmanager.getsessionbyid <br> mdmsessionmanager.sessionids <br> mdmsessionmanager.trycreatesession <br> mdmsessionstate <br> windows.management <br>
## windows.media
### [windows.media.capture.frames](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.capture.frames)
depthmediaframe.maxreliabledepth <br> depthmediaframe.minreliabledepth <br> mediaframereaderstartstatus <br> mediaframesourcecontroller.getpropertybyextendedidasync <br> mediaframesourcecontroller.setpropertybyextendedidasync <br> mediaframesourcegetpropertystatus <br> multisourcemediaframearrivedeventargs <br> multisourcemediaframereader <br> multisourcemediaframereader.close <br> multisourcemediaframereader.framearrived <br> multisourcemediaframereader.startasync <br> multisourcemediaframereader.stopasync <br> multisourcemediaframereader.tryacquirelatestframe <br> multisourcemediaframereaderstartstatus <br> multisourcemediaframereference <br> multisourcemediaframereference.close <br> multisourcemediaframereference.trygetframereferencebysourceid <br>
### [windows.media.capture](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.capture)
appbroadcastbackgroundservice <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.appid <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.broadcasttitle <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.heartbeatrequested <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.pluginstate <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.signininfo <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.streaminfo <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.terminatebroadcast <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.titleid <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservice.viewercount <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.authenticationresult <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.oauthcallbackuri <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.oauthrequesturi <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.signinstate <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.signinstatechanged <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicesignininfo.username <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.audiocodec <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.bandwidthtestbitrate <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.broadcaststreamreader <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.desiredvideoencodingbitrate <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.streamstate <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.streamstatechanged <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.videoencodingbitratechanged <br> appbroadcastbackgroundservicestreaminfo.videoencodingresolutionchanged <br> appbroadcastcameracapturestate <br> appbroadcastcameracapturestatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastcameracapturestatechangedeventargs.errorcode <br> appbroadcastcameracapturestatechangedeventargs.state <br> appbroadcastcameraoverlaylocation <br> appbroadcastcameraoverlaysize <br> appbroadcastcapturetargettype <br> appbroadcastexitbroadcastmodereason <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.cameraoverlaylocation <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.cameraoverlaysize <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.hashardwareencoder <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.isaudiocaptureenabled <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.isbroadcastenabled <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.iscameracaptureenabledbydefault <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.iscursorimagecaptureenabled <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.isdisabledbypolicy <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.isechocancellationenabled <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.isgpuconstrained <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.ismicrophonecaptureenabledbydefault <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.microphonegain <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.selectedcameraid <br> appbroadcastglobalsettings.systemaudiogain <br> appbroadcastheartbeatrequestedeventargs <br> appbroadcastheartbeatrequestedeventargs.handled <br> appbroadcastmanager <br> appbroadcastmanager.applyglobalsettings <br> appbroadcastmanager.applyprovidersettings <br> appbroadcastmanager.getglobalsettings <br> appbroadcastmanager.getprovidersettings <br> appbroadcastmicrophonecapturestate <br> appbroadcastmicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastmicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs.errorcode <br> appbroadcastmicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs.state <br> appbroadcastplugin <br> appbroadcastplugin.appid <br> appbroadcastplugin.displayname <br> appbroadcastplugin.logo <br> appbroadcastplugin.providersettings <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager.defaultplugin <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager.getdefault <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager.getforuser <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager.isbroadcastprovideravailable <br> appbroadcastpluginmanager.pluginlist <br> appbroadcastpluginstate <br> appbroadcastpluginstatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastpluginstatechangedeventargs.pluginstate <br> appbroadcastpreview <br> appbroadcastpreview.errorcode <br> appbroadcastpreview.previewstate <br> appbroadcastpreview.previewstatechanged <br> appbroadcastpreview.previewstreamreader <br> appbroadcastpreview.stoppreview <br> appbroadcastpreviewstate <br> appbroadcastpreviewstatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastpreviewstatechangedeventargs.errorcode <br> appbroadcastpreviewstatechangedeventargs.previewstate <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.trygetnextvideoframe <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videobitmapalphamode <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videobitmappixelformat <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videoframearrived <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videoheight <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videostride <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamreader.videowidth <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoframe <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoframe.videobuffer <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoframe.videoheader <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoheader <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoheader.absolutetimestamp <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoheader.duration <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoheader.frameid <br> appbroadcastpreviewstreamvideoheader.relativetimestamp <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.audioencodingbitrate <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.customvideoencodingbitrate <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.customvideoencodingheight <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.customvideoencodingwidth <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.defaultbroadcasttitle <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.videoencodingbitratemode <br> appbroadcastprovidersettings.videoencodingresolutionmode <br> appbroadcastservices <br> appbroadcastservices.broadcastlanguage <br> appbroadcastservices.broadcasttitle <br> appbroadcastservices.cancapture <br> appbroadcastservices.capturetargettype <br> appbroadcastservices.enterbroadcastmodeasync <br> appbroadcastservices.exitbroadcastmode <br> appbroadcastservices.pausebroadcast <br> appbroadcastservices.resumebroadcast <br> appbroadcastservices.startbroadcast <br> appbroadcastservices.startpreview <br> appbroadcastservices.state <br> appbroadcastservices.username <br> appbroadcastsigninresult <br> appbroadcastsigninstate <br> appbroadcastsigninstatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastsigninstatechangedeventargs.result <br> appbroadcastsigninstatechangedeventargs.signinstate <br> appbroadcaststate <br> appbroadcaststate.authenticationresult <br> appbroadcaststate.cameracaptureerror <br> appbroadcaststate.cameracapturestate <br> appbroadcaststate.cameracapturestatechanged <br> appbroadcaststate.capturetargetclosed <br> appbroadcaststate.encodedvideosize <br> appbroadcaststate.iscapturetargetrunning <br> appbroadcaststate.microphonecaptureerror <br> appbroadcaststate.microphonecapturestate <br> appbroadcaststate.microphonecapturestatechanged <br> appbroadcaststate.oauthcallbackuri <br> appbroadcaststate.oauthrequesturi <br> appbroadcaststate.pluginstate <br> appbroadcaststate.pluginstatechanged <br> appbroadcaststate.restartcameracapture <br> appbroadcaststate.restartmicrophonecapture <br> appbroadcaststate.shouldcapturecamera <br> appbroadcaststate.shouldcapturemicrophone <br> appbroadcaststate.signinstate <br> appbroadcaststate.streamstate <br> appbroadcaststate.streamstatechanged <br> appbroadcaststate.terminationreason <br> appbroadcaststate.terminationreasonpluginspecific <br> appbroadcaststate.viewercount <br> appbroadcaststate.viewercountchanged <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioframe <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioframe.audiobuffer <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioframe.audioheader <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader.absolutetimestamp <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader.duration <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader.frameid <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader.hasdiscontinuity <br> appbroadcaststreamaudioheader.relativetimestamp <br> appbroadcaststreamreader <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.audioaacsequence <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.audiobitrate <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.audiochannels <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.audioframearrived <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.audiosamplerate <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.trygetnextaudioframe <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.trygetnextvideoframe <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.videobitrate <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.videoframearrived <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.videoheight <br> appbroadcaststreamreader.videowidth <br> appbroadcaststreamstate <br> appbroadcaststreamstatechangedeventargs <br> appbroadcaststreamstatechangedeventargs.streamstate <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoframe <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoframe.videobuffer <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoframe.videoheader <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.absolutetimestamp <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.duration <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.frameid <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.hasdiscontinuity <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.iskeyframe <br> appbroadcaststreamvideoheader.relativetimestamp <br> appbroadcastterminationreason <br> appbroadcasttriggerdetails <br> appbroadcasttriggerdetails.backgroundservice <br> appbroadcastvideoencodingbitratemode <br> appbroadcastvideoencodingresolutionmode <br> appbroadcastviewercountchangedeventargs <br> appbroadcastviewercountchangedeventargs.viewercount <br> appcapturedurationgeneratedeventargs <br> appcapturedurationgeneratedeventargs.duration <br> appcapturefilegeneratedeventargs <br> appcapturefilegeneratedeventargs.file <br> appcapturemicrophonecapturestate <br> appcapturemicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs <br> appcapturemicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs.errorcode <br> appcapturemicrophonecapturestatechangedeventargs.state <br> appcapturerecordingstate <br> appcapturerecordingstatechangedeventargs <br> appcapturerecordingstatechangedeventargs.errorcode <br> appcapturerecordingstatechangedeventargs.state <br> appcapturerecordoperation <br> appcapturerecordoperation.duration <br> appcapturerecordoperation.durationgenerated <br> appcapturerecordoperation.errorcode <br> appcapturerecordoperation.file <br> appcapturerecordoperation.filegenerated <br> appcapturerecordoperation.isfiletruncated <br> appcapturerecordoperation.state <br> appcapturerecordoperation.statechanged <br> appcapturerecordoperation.stoprecording <br> appcaptureservices <br> appcaptureservices.cancapture <br> appcaptureservices.record <br> appcaptureservices.recordtimespan <br> appcaptureservices.state <br> appcapturesettings.iscursorimagecaptureenabled <br> appcapturesettings.isechocancellationenabled <br> appcapturestate <br> appcapturestate.capturetargetclosed <br> appcapturestate.ishistoricalcaptureenabled <br> appcapturestate.istargetrunning <br> appcapturestate.microphonecaptureerror <br> appcapturestate.microphonecapturestate <br> appcapturestate.microphonecapturestatechanged <br> appcapturestate.restartmicrophonecapture <br> appcapturestate.shouldcapturemicrophone <br> foregroundactivationargument <br> gamebarcommand <br> gamebarcommandorigin <br> gamebarservices <br> gamebarservices.appbroadcastservices <br> gamebarservices.appcaptureservices <br> gamebarservices.commandreceived <br> gamebarservices.disablecapture <br> gamebarservices.enablecapture <br> gamebarservices.sessionid <br> gamebarservices.targetcapturepolicy <br> gamebarservices.targetinfo <br> gamebarservicescommandeventargs <br> gamebarservicescommandeventargs.command <br> gamebarservicescommandeventargs.origin <br> gamebarservicesdisplaymode <br> gamebarservicesmanager <br> gamebarservicesmanager.gamebarservicescreated <br> gamebarservicesmanager.getdefault <br> gamebarservicesmanagergamebarservicescreatedeventargs <br> gamebarservicesmanagergamebarservicescreatedeventargs.gamebarservices <br> gamebarservicestargetinfo <br> gamebarservicestargetinfo.appid <br> gamebarservicestargetinfo.displaymode <br> gamebarservicestargetinfo.displayname <br> gamebarservicestargetinfo.titleid <br> gamebartargetcapturepolicy <br> mediacapture.capturedeviceexclusivecontrolstatuschanged <br> mediacapture.createmultisourceframereaderasync <br> mediacapturedeviceexclusivecontrolstatus <br> mediacapturedeviceexclusivecontrolstatuschangedeventargs <br> mediacapturedeviceexclusivecontrolstatuschangedeventargs.deviceid <br> mediacapturedeviceexclusivecontrolstatuschangedeventargs.status <br> mediacaptureinitializationsettings.alwaysplaysystemshuttersound <br>
### [windows.media.core.preview](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.core.preview)
soundlevelbroker <br> soundlevelbroker.soundlevel <br> soundlevelbroker.soundlevelchanged <br> windows.media.core.preview <br>
### [windows.media.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.core)
audiodecoderdegradationreason <br> chaptercue <br> chaptercue.chaptercue <br> chaptercue.duration <br> chaptercue.id <br> chaptercue.starttime <br> chaptercue.title <br> codeccategory <br> codecinfo <br> codecinfo.category <br> codecinfo.displayname <br> codecinfo.istrusted <br> codecinfo.kind <br> codecinfo.subtypes <br> codeckind <br> codecquery <br> codecquery.codecquery <br> codecquery.findallasync <br> codecsubtypes <br> codecsubtypes.audioformataac <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatadts <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatalac <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatamrnb <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatamrwb <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatamrwp <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatdolbyac3 <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatdolbyac3spdif <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatdolbyddplus <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatdrm <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatdts <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatflac <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatfloat <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatmp3 <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatmpeg <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatmsp1 <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatopus <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatpcm <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatwmaspdif <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatwmaudiolossless <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatwmaudiov8 <br> codecsubtypes.audioformatwmaudiov9 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformat420o <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdv25 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdv50 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdvc <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdvh1 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdvhd <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdvsd <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatdvsl <br> codecsubtypes.videoformath263 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformath264 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformath264es <br> codecsubtypes.videoformath265 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformathevc <br> codecsubtypes.videoformathevces <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatm4s2 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmjpg <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmp43 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmp4s <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmp4v <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmpeg2 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmpg1 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmss1 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatmss2 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatvp80 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatvp90 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatwmv1 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatwmv2 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatwmv3 <br> codecsubtypes.videoformatwvc1 <br> datacue.properties <br> imagecue <br> imagecue.duration <br> imagecue.extent <br> imagecue.id <br> imagecue.imagecue <br> imagecue.position <br> imagecue.softwarebitmap <br> imagecue.starttime <br> itimedmetadatatrackprovider <br> itimedmetadatatrackprovider.timedmetadatatracks <br> mediabindingeventargs.setadaptivemediasource <br> mediabindingeventargs.setstoragefile <br> mediasource.adaptivemediasource <br> mediasource.mediastreamsource <br> mediasource.msestreamsource <br> mediasource.openasync <br> mediasource.uri <br> mediastreamsource.maxsupportedplaybackrate <br> speechcue <br> speechcue.duration <br> speechcue.endpositionininput <br> speechcue.id <br> speechcue.speechcue <br> speechcue.startpositionininput <br> speechcue.starttime <br> speechcue.text <br> timedmetadatakind <br> timedtextfontstyle <br> timedtextsource.createfromstreamwithindex <br> timedtextsource.createfromstreamwithindex <br> timedtextsource.createfromuriwithindex <br> timedtextsource.createfromuriwithindex <br> timedtextstyle.fontstyle <br> timedtextstyle.islinethroughenabled <br> timedtextstyle.isoverlineenabled <br> timedtextstyle.isunderlineenabled <br>
### [windows.media.devices](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.devices)
audiodevicemodule <br> audiodevicemodule.classid <br> audiodevicemodule.displayname <br> audiodevicemodule.instanceid <br> audiodevicemodule.majorversion <br> audiodevicemodule.minorversion <br> audiodevicemodule.sendcommandasync <br> audiodevicemodulenotificationeventargs <br> audiodevicemodulenotificationeventargs.module <br> audiodevicemodulenotificationeventargs.notificationdata <br> audiodevicemodulesmanager <br> audiodevicemodulesmanager.audiodevicemodulesmanager <br> audiodevicemodulesmanager.findall <br> audiodevicemodulesmanager.findallbyid <br> audiodevicemodulesmanager.modulenotificationreceived <br> modulecommandresult <br> modulecommandresult.result <br> modulecommandresult.status <br> sendcommandstatus <br> videodevicecontroller.getdevicepropertybyextendedid <br> videodevicecontroller.getdevicepropertybyid <br> videodevicecontroller.id <br> videodevicecontroller.setdevicepropertybyextendedid <br> videodevicecontroller.setdevicepropertybyid <br> videodevicecontrollergetdevicepropertyresult <br> videodevicecontrollergetdevicepropertyresult.status <br> videodevicecontrollergetdevicepropertyresult.value <br> videodevicecontrollergetdevicepropertystatus <br> videodevicecontrollersetdevicepropertystatus <br>
### [windows.media.mediaproperties](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.mediaproperties)
audioencodingproperties.createalac <br> audioencodingproperties.createflac <br> audioencodingproperties.isspatial <br> mediaencodingprofile.createalac <br> mediaencodingprofile.createflac <br> mediaencodingprofile.createhevc <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.alac <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.d16 <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.flac <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.l16 <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.l8 <br> mediaencodingsubtypes.vp9 <br> sphericalvideoframeformat <br> videoencodingproperties.createhevc <br> videoencodingproperties.sphericalvideoframeformat <br> videoencodingquality <br>
### [windows.media.playback](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.playback)
autoloadeddisplaypropertykind <br> currentmediaplaybackitemchangedeventargs.reason <br> mediaplaybackitem.autoloadeddisplayproperties <br> mediaplaybackitem.isdisabledinplaybacklist <br> mediaplaybackitem.totaldownloadprogress <br> mediaplaybackitemchangedreason <br> mediaplaybacklist.maxplayeditemstokeepopen <br> mediaplaybacksession.bufferedrangeschanged <br> mediaplaybacksession.getbufferedranges <br> mediaplaybacksession.getplayedranges <br> mediaplaybacksession.getseekableranges <br> mediaplaybacksession.ismirroring <br> mediaplaybacksession.issupportedplaybackraterange <br> mediaplaybacksession.playedrangeschanged <br> mediaplaybacksession.seekablerangeschanged <br> mediaplaybacksession.sphericalvideoprojection <br> mediaplaybacksession.supportedplaybackrateschanged <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection.frameformat <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection.horizontalfieldofviewindegrees <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection.isenabled <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection.projectionmode <br> mediaplaybacksphericalvideoprojection.vieworientation <br> mediaplayer.copyframetostereoscopicvideosurfaces <br> mediaplayer.copyframetovideosurface <br> mediaplayer.copyframetovideosurface <br> mediaplayer.isvideoframeserverenabled <br> mediaplayer.videoframeavailable <br> sphericalvideoprojectionmode <br>
### [windows.media.protection.playready](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.protection.playready)
iplayreadylicensesession2 <br> iplayreadylicensesession2.createlicenseiterable <br> playreadylicense.expiresinrealtime <br> playreadylicense.inmemoryonly <br> playreadylicense.securestopid <br> playreadylicense.securitylevel <br> playreadylicenseacquisitionservicerequest.createlicenseiterable <br> playreadylicensesession.createlicenseiterable <br>
### [windows.media.speechsynthesis](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.speechsynthesis)
speechsynthesisstream.timedmetadatatracks <br> speechsynthesizer.options <br> speechsynthesizeroptions <br> speechsynthesizeroptions.includesentenceboundarymetadata <br> speechsynthesizeroptions.includewordboundarymetadata <br>
### [windows.media.streaming.adaptive](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media.streaming.adaptive)
adaptivemediasource.close <br> adaptivemediasource.desiredseekablewindowsize <br> adaptivemediasource.diagnostics <br> adaptivemediasource.getcorrelatedtimes <br> adaptivemediasource.maxseekablewindowsize <br> adaptivemediasource.minliveoffset <br> adaptivemediasourcecorrelatedtimes <br> adaptivemediasourcecorrelatedtimes.position <br> adaptivemediasourcecorrelatedtimes.presentationtimestamp <br> adaptivemediasourcecorrelatedtimes.programdatetime <br> adaptivemediasourcecreationresult.extendederror <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.bitrate <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.diagnostictype <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.position <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.requestid <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.resourcebyterangelength <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.resourcebyterangeoffset <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.resourcetype <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.resourceuri <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnosticavailableeventargs.segmentid <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnostics <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnostics.diagnosticavailable <br> adaptivemediasourcediagnostictype <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadbitratechangedeventargs.reason <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadbitratechangedreason <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadcompletedeventargs.position <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadcompletedeventargs.requestid <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadcompletedeventargs.statistics <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadfailedeventargs.extendederror <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadfailedeventargs.position <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadfailedeventargs.requestid <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadfailedeventargs.statistics <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadrequestedeventargs.position <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadrequestedeventargs.requestid <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadstatistics <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadstatistics.contentbytesreceivedcount <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadstatistics.timetofirstbytereceived <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadstatistics.timetoheadersreceived <br> adaptivemediasourcedownloadstatistics.timetolastbytereceived <br>
### [windows.media](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.media)
mediaextensionmanager.registermediaextensionforappservice <br> mediatimelinecontroller.duration <br> mediatimelinecontroller.ended <br> mediatimelinecontroller.failed <br> mediatimelinecontroller.isloopingenabled <br> mediatimelinecontrollerfailedeventargs <br> mediatimelinecontrollerfailedeventargs.extendederror <br> mediatimelinecontrollerstate <br> mediatimerange <br>
## windows.networking
### [windows.networking.networkoperators](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.networking.networkoperators)
mobilebroadbandaccount.accountexperienceurl <br> mobilebroadbanddeviceinformation.simgid1 <br> mobilebroadbanddeviceinformation.simpnn <br> mobilebroadbanddeviceinformation.simspn <br>
### [windows.networking.pushnotifications](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.networking.pushnotifications)
pushnotificationchannelmanager.getdefault <br> pushnotificationchannelmanagerforuser.createrawpushnotificationchannelwithalternatekeyforapplicationasync <br> pushnotificationchannelmanagerforuser.createrawpushnotificationchannelwithalternatekeyforapplicationasync <br> rawnotification.channelid <br> rawnotification.headers <br>
## windows.perception
### [windows.perception.spatial.surfaces](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.perception.spatial.surfaces)
spatialsurfaceobserver.issupported <br>
### [windows.perception.spatial](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.perception.spatial)
spatialentity <br> spatialentity.anchor <br> spatialentity.id <br> spatialentity.properties <br> spatialentity.spatialentity <br> spatialentity.spatialentity <br> spatialentityaddedeventargs <br> spatialentityaddedeventargs.entity <br> spatialentityremovedeventargs <br> spatialentityremovedeventargs.entity <br> spatialentitystore <br> spatialentitystore.createentitywatcher <br> spatialentitystore.issupported <br> spatialentitystore.removeasync <br> spatialentitystore.saveasync <br> spatialentitystore.tryget <br> spatialentityupdatedeventargs <br> spatialentityupdatedeventargs.entity <br> spatialentitywatcher <br> spatialentitywatcher.added <br> spatialentitywatcher.enumerationcompleted <br> spatialentitywatcher.removed <br> spatialentitywatcher.start <br> spatialentitywatcher.status <br> spatialentitywatcher.stop <br> spatialentitywatcher.updated <br> spatialentitywatcherstatus <br> spatiallookdirectionrange <br> spatialmovementrange <br> spatialstageframeofreference <br> spatialstageframeofreference.coordinatesystem <br> spatialstageframeofreference.current <br> spatialstageframeofreference.currentchanged <br> spatialstageframeofreference.getcoordinatesystematcurrentlocation <br> spatialstageframeofreference.lookdirectionrange <br> spatialstageframeofreference.movementrange <br> spatialstageframeofreference.requestnewstageasync <br> spatialstageframeofreference.trygetmovementbounds <br>
## windows.phone
### [windows.phone.networking.voip](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.phone.networking.voip)
callanswereventargs <br> callanswereventargs.acceptedmedia <br> callrejecteventargs <br> callrejecteventargs.rejectreason <br> callstatechangeeventargs <br> callstatechangeeventargs.state <br> ivoipoperation <br> ivoipoperation.id <br> ivoipoperation.type <br> mutechangeeventargs <br> mutechangeeventargs.muted <br> queryseamlessupgradesupportoperation <br> queryseamlessupgradesupportoperation.id <br> queryseamlessupgradesupportoperation.notifycompletion <br> queryseamlessupgradesupportoperation.remoteid <br> queryseamlessupgradesupportoperation.type <br> seamlesscallupgradesupport <br> voipcallcoordinator <br> voipcallcoordinator.cancelupgrade <br> voipcallcoordinator.confirmnonseamlessupgrade <br> voipcallcoordinator.getdefault <br> voipcallcoordinator.getnextoperation <br> voipcallcoordinator.muterequested <br> voipcallcoordinator.notifymuted <br> voipcallcoordinator.notifyunmuted <br> voipcallcoordinator.requestincomingupgradetovideocall <br> voipcallcoordinator.requestnewincomingcall <br> voipcallcoordinator.requestnewoutgoingcall <br> voipcallcoordinator.requestoutgoingupgradetovideocall <br> voipcallcoordinator.unmuterequested <br> voipcallmedia <br> voipcallrejectreason <br> voipcallstate <br> voipoperationtype <br> voipphonecall <br> voipphonecall.answerrequested <br> voipphonecall.callmedia <br> voipphonecall.contactname <br> voipphonecall.endrequested <br> voipphonecall.holdrequested <br> voipphonecall.notifycallactive <br> voipphonecall.notifycallended <br> voipphonecall.notifycallheld <br> voipphonecall.notifycallready <br> voipphonecall.rejectrequested <br> voipphonecall.resumerequested <br> voipphonecall.starttime <br> windows.phone.networking.voip <br>
## windows.security
### [windows.security.authentication.identity.provider](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.authentication.identity.provider)
secondaryauthenticationfactorauthenticationstage <br> secondaryauthenticationfactordevicecapabilities <br> secondaryauthenticationfactordevicepresence <br> secondaryauthenticationfactordevicepresencemonitoringmode <br> secondaryauthenticationfactordevicepresencemonitoringregistrationstatus <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorinfo.isauthenticationsupported <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorinfo.presencemonitoringmode <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorinfo.updatedevicepresenceasync <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorregistration.isdevicepresencemonitoringsupported <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorregistration.registerdevicepresencemonitoringasync <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorregistration.registerdevicepresencemonitoringasync <br> secondaryauthenticationfactorregistration.unregisterdevicepresencemonitoringasync <br>
### [windows.security.authentication.onlineid](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.authentication.onlineid)
onlineidsystemauthenticator <br> onlineidsystemauthenticator.default <br> onlineidsystemauthenticator.getforuser <br> onlineidsystemauthenticatorforuser <br> onlineidsystemauthenticatorforuser.applicationid <br> onlineidsystemauthenticatorforuser.getticketasync <br> onlineidsystemauthenticatorforuser.user <br> onlineidsystemidentity <br> onlineidsystemidentity.id <br> onlineidsystemidentity.ticket <br> onlineidsystemticketresult <br> onlineidsystemticketresult.extendederror <br> onlineidsystemticketresult.identity <br> onlineidsystemticketresult.status <br> onlineidsystemticketstatus <br>
### [windows.security.authentication.web.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.authentication.web.core)
webtokenrequest.correlationid <br>
### [windows.security.authentication.web.provider](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.authentication.web.provider)
iwebaccountprovidertokenobjects2 <br> webaccountmanager.addwebaccountforuserasync <br> webaccountmanager.addwebaccountforuserasync <br> webaccountmanager.addwebaccountforuserasync <br> webaccountmanager.findallproviderwebaccountsforuserasync <br> webaccountprovidertriggerdetails.user <br>
### [windows.security.cryptography.certificates](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.cryptography.certificates)
certificaterequestproperties.extensions <br> certificaterequestproperties.subjectalternativename <br> certificaterequestproperties.suppresseddefaults <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.distinguishednames <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.dnsnames <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.emailnames <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.extension <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.ipaddresses <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.principalnames <br> subjectalternativenameinfo.urls <br>
### [windows.security.enterprisedata](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.security.enterprisedata)
fileprotectionmanager.unprotectasync <br> fileprotectionmanager.unprotectasync <br> fileunprotectoptions <br> fileunprotectoptions.audit <br> fileunprotectoptions.fileunprotectoptions <br> protectionpolicymanager.getprimarymanagedidentityforidentity <br> protectionpolicymanager.isfileprotectionrequiredasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.isfileprotectionrequiredfornewfileasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.isroamableprotectionenabled <br> protectionpolicymanager.primarymanagedidentity <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccessasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccessforappasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccesstofilesforappasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccesstofilesforappasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccesstofilesforprocessasync <br> protectionpolicymanager.requestaccesstofilesforprocessasync <br>
## windows.services
### [windows.services.cortana](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.services.cortana)
cortanapermission <br> cortanapermissionschangeresult <br> cortanapermissionsmanager <br> cortanapermissionsmanager.arepermissionsgrantedasync <br> cortanapermissionsmanager.getdefault <br> cortanapermissionsmanager.grantpermissionsasync <br> cortanapermissionsmanager.issupported <br> cortanapermissionsmanager.revokepermissionsasync <br> cortanasettings <br> cortanasettings.getdefault <br> cortanasettings.hasuserconsenttovoiceactivation <br> cortanasettings.issupported <br> cortanasettings.isvoiceactivationenabled <br> windows.services.cortana <br>
### [windows.services.maps.offlinemaps](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.services.maps.offlinemaps)
offlinemappackage <br> offlinemappackage.displayname <br> offlinemappackage.enclosingregionname <br> offlinemappackage.estimatedsizeinbytes <br> offlinemappackage.findpackagesasync <br> offlinemappackage.findpackagesinboundingboxasync <br> offlinemappackage.findpackagesingeocircleasync <br> offlinemappackage.requeststartdownloadasync <br> offlinemappackage.status <br> offlinemappackage.statuschanged <br> offlinemappackagequeryresult <br> offlinemappackagequeryresult.packages <br> offlinemappackagequeryresult.status <br> offlinemappackagequerystatus <br> offlinemappackagestartdownloadresult <br> offlinemappackagestartdownloadresult.status <br> offlinemappackagestartdownloadstatus <br> offlinemappackagestatus <br> windows.services.maps.offlinemaps <br>
### [windows.services.maps](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.services.maps)
enhancedwaypoint <br> enhancedwaypoint.enhancedwaypoint <br> enhancedwaypoint.kind <br> enhancedwaypoint.point <br> maneuverwarning <br> maneuverwarning.kind <br> maneuverwarning.severity <br> maneuverwarningkind <br> maneuverwarningseverity <br> maproute.durationwithouttraffic <br> maproute.trafficcongestion <br> maproutefinder.getdrivingroutefromenhancedwaypointsasync <br> maproutefinder.getdrivingroutefromenhancedwaypointsasync <br> maprouteleg.durationwithouttraffic <br> maprouteleg.trafficcongestion <br> maproutemaneuver.warnings <br> mapservice.datausagepreference <br> mapservicedatausagepreference <br> trafficcongestion <br> waypointkind <br>
### [windows.services.store](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.services.store)
storecontext.findstoreproductforpackageasync <br> storesendrequestresult.httpstatuscode <br>
### [windows.services.targetedcontent](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.services.targetedcontent)
targetedcontentaction <br> targetedcontentaction.invokeasync <br> targetedcontentappinstallationstate <br> targetedcontentavailability <br> targetedcontentavailabilitychangedeventargs <br> targetedcontentavailabilitychangedeventargs.getdeferral <br> targetedcontentchangedeventargs <br> targetedcontentchangedeventargs.getdeferral <br> targetedcontentchangedeventargs.haspreviouscontentexpired <br> targetedcontentcollection <br> targetedcontentcollection.collections <br> targetedcontentcollection.id <br> targetedcontentcollection.items <br> targetedcontentcollection.path <br> targetedcontentcollection.properties <br> targetedcontentcollection.reportcustominteraction <br> targetedcontentcollection.reportinteraction <br> targetedcontentcontainer <br> targetedcontentcontainer.availability <br> targetedcontentcontainer.content <br> targetedcontentcontainer.getasync <br> targetedcontentcontainer.id <br> targetedcontentcontainer.selectsingleobject <br> targetedcontentcontainer.timestamp <br> targetedcontentfile <br> targetedcontentfile.openreadasync <br> targetedcontentimage <br> targetedcontentimage.height <br> targetedcontentimage.openreadasync <br> targetedcontentimage.width <br> targetedcontentinteraction <br> targetedcontentitem <br> targetedcontentitem.collections <br> targetedcontentitem.path <br> targetedcontentitem.properties <br> targetedcontentitem.reportcustominteraction <br> targetedcontentitem.reportinteraction <br> targetedcontentitem.state <br> targetedcontentitemstate <br> targetedcontentitemstate.appinstallationstate <br> targetedcontentitemstate.shoulddisplay <br> targetedcontentobject <br> targetedcontentobject.collection <br> targetedcontentobject.item <br> targetedcontentobject.objectkind <br> targetedcontentobject.value <br> targetedcontentobjectkind <br> targetedcontentstatechangedeventargs <br> targetedcontentstatechangedeventargs.getdeferral <br> targetedcontentsubscription <br> targetedcontentsubscription.availabilitychanged <br> targetedcontentsubscription.contentchanged <br> targetedcontentsubscription.getasync <br> targetedcontentsubscription.getcontentcontainerasync <br> targetedcontentsubscription.getoptions <br> targetedcontentsubscription.id <br> targetedcontentsubscription.statechanged <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions.allowpartialcontentavailability <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions.cloudqueryparameters <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions.localfilters <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions.subscriptionid <br> targetedcontentsubscriptionoptions.update <br> targetedcontentvalue <br> targetedcontentvalue.action <br> targetedcontentvalue.actions <br> targetedcontentvalue.boolean <br> targetedcontentvalue.booleans <br> targetedcontentvalue.file <br> targetedcontentvalue.files <br> targetedcontentvalue.imagefile <br> targetedcontentvalue.imagefiles <br> targetedcontentvalue.number <br> targetedcontentvalue.numbers <br> targetedcontentvalue.path <br> targetedcontentvalue.string <br> targetedcontentvalue.strings <br> targetedcontentvalue.uri <br> targetedcontentvalue.uris <br> targetedcontentvalue.valuekind <br> targetedcontentvaluekind <br> windows.services.targetedcontent <br>
## windows.storage
### [windows.storage](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.storage)
knownfolderid <br> storageopenoptions <br>
## windows.system
### [windows.system.diagnostics.deviceportal](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.diagnostics.deviceportal)
deviceportalconnection <br> deviceportalconnection.closed <br> deviceportalconnection.getforappserviceconnection <br> deviceportalconnection.requestreceived <br> deviceportalconnectionclosedeventargs <br> deviceportalconnectionclosedeventargs.reason <br> deviceportalconnectionclosedreason <br> deviceportalconnectionrequestreceivedeventargs <br> deviceportalconnectionrequestreceivedeventargs.requestmessage <br> deviceportalconnectionrequestreceivedeventargs.responsemessage <br> windows.system.diagnostics.deviceportal <br>
### [windows.system.diagnostics.telemetry](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.diagnostics.telemetry)
platformtelemetryclient <br> platformtelemetryclient.register <br> platformtelemetryclient.register <br> platformtelemetryregistrationresult <br> platformtelemetryregistrationresult.status <br> platformtelemetryregistrationsettings <br> platformtelemetryregistrationsettings.platformtelemetryregistrationsettings <br> platformtelemetryregistrationsettings.storagesize <br> platformtelemetryregistrationsettings.uploadquotasize <br> platformtelemetryregistrationstatus <br> windows.system.diagnostics.telemetry <br>
### [windows.system.diagnostics.tracereporting](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.diagnostics.tracereporting)
platformdiagnosticactions <br> platformdiagnosticactions.downloadlatestsettingsfornamespace <br> platformdiagnosticactions.forceupload <br> platformdiagnosticactions.getactivescenariolist <br> platformdiagnosticactions.getactivetraceruntime <br> platformdiagnosticactions.getknowntracelist <br> platformdiagnosticactions.isscenarioenabled <br> platformdiagnosticactions.istracerunning <br> platformdiagnosticactions.tryescalatescenario <br> platformdiagnosticactionstate <br> platformdiagnosticescalationtype <br> platformdiagnosticeventbufferlatencies <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.isautologger <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.isexclusive <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.maxtracedurationfiletime <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.priority <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.profilehash <br> platformdiagnostictraceinfo.scenarioid <br> platformdiagnostictracepriority <br> platformdiagnostictraceruntimeinfo <br> platformdiagnostictraceruntimeinfo.etwruntimefiletime <br> platformdiagnostictraceruntimeinfo.runtimefiletime <br> platformdiagnostictraceslotstate <br> platformdiagnostictraceslottype <br> windows.system.diagnostics.tracereporting <br>
### [windows.system.diagnostics](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.diagnostics)
systemcpuusage <br> systemcpuusage.getreport <br> systemcpuusagereport <br> systemcpuusagereport.idletime <br> systemcpuusagereport.kerneltime <br> systemcpuusagereport.usertime <br> systemdiagnosticinfo <br> systemdiagnosticinfo.cpuusage <br> systemdiagnosticinfo.getforcurrentsystem <br> systemdiagnosticinfo.memoryusage <br> systemmemoryusage <br> systemmemoryusage.getreport <br> systemmemoryusagereport <br> systemmemoryusagereport.availablesizeinbytes <br> systemmemoryusagereport.committedsizeinbytes <br> systemmemoryusagereport.totalphysicalsizeinbytes <br>
### [windows.system.profile](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.profile)
educationsettings <br> educationsettings.iseducationenvironment <br> sharedmodesettings.shouldavoidlocalstorage <br>
### [windows.system.remotesystems](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.remotesystems)
knownremotesystemcapabilities <br> knownremotesystemcapabilities.appservice <br> knownremotesystemcapabilities.launchuri <br> knownremotesystemcapabilities.spatialentity <br> remotesystem.getcapabilitysupportedasync <br> remotesystem.isauthorizationkindenabled <br> remotesystem.isavailablebyspatialproximity <br> remotesystemauthorizationkind <br> remotesystemauthorizationkindfilter <br> remotesystemauthorizationkindfilter.remotesystemauthorizationkind <br> remotesystemauthorizationkindfilter.remotesystemauthorizationkindfilter <br> remotesystemdiscoverytype <br>
### [windows.system](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system)
appdiagnosticinfo <br> appdiagnosticinfo.appinfo <br> appdiagnosticinfo.requestinfoasync <br> launcheroptions.limitpickertocurrentappandappurihandlers <br> powerstate <br> shutdownmanager.enterpowerstate <br> shutdownmanager.enterpowerstate <br> shutdownmanager.ispowerstatesupported <br>
## windows.ui
### [windows.ui.composition.interactions](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.composition.interactions)
compositionconditionalvalue <br> compositionconditionalvalue.condition <br> compositionconditionalvalue.create <br> compositionconditionalvalue.value <br> interactiontracker.configurecenterpointxinertiamodifiers <br> interactiontracker.configurecenterpointyinertiamodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.configurecenterpointxmodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.configurecenterpointymodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.configuredeltapositionxmodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.configuredeltapositionymodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.configuredeltascalemodifiers <br> visualinteractionsource.deltaposition <br> visualinteractionsource.deltascale <br> visualinteractionsource.position <br> visualinteractionsource.positionvelocity <br> visualinteractionsource.scale <br> visualinteractionsource.scalevelocity <br>
### [windows.ui.composition](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.composition)
animationdelaybehavior <br> compositioncapabilities <br> compositioncapabilities.areeffectsfast <br> compositioncapabilities.areeffectssupported <br> compositioncapabilities.changed <br> compositioncapabilities.getforcurrentview <br> compositiondrawingsurface.resize <br> compositiondrawingsurface.scroll <br> compositiondrawingsurface.scroll <br> compositiondrawingsurface.scrollwithclip <br> compositiondrawingsurface.scrollwithclip <br> compositiondrawingsurface.sizeint32 <br> compositiongraphicsdevice.createdrawingsurface2 <br> compositiongraphicsdevice.createvirtualdrawingsurface <br> compositionvirtualdrawingsurface <br> compositionvirtualdrawingsurface.trim <br> compositor.createhostbackdropbrush <br> keyframeanimation.delaybehavior <br> visual.parentfortransform <br> visual.relativeoffsetadjustment <br> visual.relativesizeadjustment <br>
### [windows.ui.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.core)
corewindow.resizecompleted <br> corewindow.resizestarted <br>
### [windows.ui.input.core](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.input.core)
radialcontrollerindependentinputsource <br> radialcontrollerindependentinputsource.controller <br> radialcontrollerindependentinputsource.createforview <br> radialcontrollerindependentinputsource.dispatcher <br> windows.ui.input.core <br>
### [windows.ui.input.inking.analysis](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.input.inking.analysis)
iinkanalysisnode <br> iinkanalysisnode.boundingrect <br> iinkanalysisnode.children <br> iinkanalysisnode.getstrokeids <br> iinkanalysisnode.id <br> iinkanalysisnode.kind <br> iinkanalysisnode.parent <br> iinkanalysisnode.rotatedboundingrect <br> iinkanalyzerfactory <br> iinkanalyzerfactory.createanalyzer <br> inkanalysisdrawingkind <br> inkanalysisinkbullet <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.children <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.id <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.kind <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.parent <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysisinkbullet.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.center <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.children <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.drawingkind <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.id <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.kind <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.parent <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.points <br> inkanalysisinkdrawing.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkword <br> inkanalysisinkword.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkword.children <br> inkanalysisinkword.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisinkword.id <br> inkanalysisinkword.kind <br> inkanalysisinkword.parent <br> inkanalysisinkword.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysisinkword.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisinkword.textalternates <br> inkanalysisline <br> inkanalysisline.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisline.children <br> inkanalysisline.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisline.id <br> inkanalysisline.indentlevel <br> inkanalysisline.kind <br> inkanalysisline.parent <br> inkanalysisline.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysisline.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysislistitem <br> inkanalysislistitem.boundingrect <br> inkanalysislistitem.children <br> inkanalysislistitem.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysislistitem.id <br> inkanalysislistitem.kind <br> inkanalysislistitem.parent <br> inkanalysislistitem.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysislistitem.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisnode <br> inkanalysisnode.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisnode.children <br> inkanalysisnode.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisnode.id <br> inkanalysisnode.kind <br> inkanalysisnode.parent <br> inkanalysisnode.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisnodekind <br> inkanalysisparagraph <br> inkanalysisparagraph.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisparagraph.children <br> inkanalysisparagraph.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisparagraph.id <br> inkanalysisparagraph.kind <br> inkanalysisparagraph.parent <br> inkanalysisparagraph.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysisparagraph.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisresult <br> inkanalysisresult.status <br> inkanalysisroot <br> inkanalysisroot.boundingrect <br> inkanalysisroot.children <br> inkanalysisroot.findnodes <br> inkanalysisroot.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysisroot.id <br> inkanalysisroot.kind <br> inkanalysisroot.parent <br> inkanalysisroot.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysisroot.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalysisstatus <br> inkanalysisstrokekind <br> inkanalysiswritingregion <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.boundingrect <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.children <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.getstrokeids <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.id <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.kind <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.parent <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.recognizedtext <br> inkanalysiswritingregion.rotatedboundingrect <br> inkanalyzer <br> inkanalyzer.adddataforstroke <br> inkanalyzer.adddataforstrokes <br> inkanalyzer.analysisroot <br> inkanalyzer.analyzeasync <br> inkanalyzer.cleardataforallstrokes <br> inkanalyzer.inkanalyzer <br> inkanalyzer.isanalyzing <br> inkanalyzer.removedataforstroke <br> inkanalyzer.removedataforstrokes <br> inkanalyzer.replacedataforstroke <br> inkanalyzer.setstrokedatakind <br> windows.ui.input.inking.analysis <br>
### [windows.ui.input.inking](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.input.inking)
inkdrawingattributes.ignoretilt <br> inkhighcontrastadjustment <br> inkpersistenceformat <br> inkpoint.inkpoint <br> inkpoint.tiltx <br> inkpoint.tilty <br> inkpoint.timestamp <br> inkpresenter.highcontrastadjustment <br> inkpresenterprotractor <br> inkpresenterprotractor.accentcolor <br> inkpresenterprotractor.areraysvisible <br> inkpresenterprotractor.aretickmarksvisible <br> inkpresenterprotractor.backgroundcolor <br> inkpresenterprotractor.foregroundcolor <br> inkpresenterprotractor.inkpresenterprotractor <br> inkpresenterprotractor.isanglereadoutvisible <br> inkpresenterprotractor.iscentermarkervisible <br> inkpresenterprotractor.isresizable <br> inkpresenterprotractor.isvisible <br> inkpresenterprotractor.kind <br> inkpresenterprotractor.radius <br> inkpresenterprotractor.transform <br> inkpresenterruler.aretickmarksvisible <br> inkpresenterruler.iscompassvisible <br> inkpresenterstencilkind <br> inkstroke.id <br> inkstroke.strokeduration <br> inkstroke.strokestartedtime <br> inkstrokebuilder.createstrokefrominkpoints <br> inkstrokecontainer.getstrokebyid <br> inkstrokecontainer.saveasync <br>
### [windows.ui.input.spatial](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.input.spatial)
spatialinteractioncontroller <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.hasthumbstick <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.hastouchpad <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.productid <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.simplehapticscontroller <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.vendorid <br> spatialinteractioncontroller.version <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.isthumbstickpressed <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.istouchpadpressed <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.istouchpadtouched <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.thumbstickx <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.thumbsticky <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.touchpadx <br> spatialinteractioncontrollerproperties.touchpady <br> spatialinteractiondetectedeventargs.interactionsource <br> spatialinteractionpresskind <br> spatialinteractionsource.controller <br> spatialinteractionsource.isgraspsupported <br> spatialinteractionsource.ismenusupported <br> spatialinteractionsource.ispointingsupported <br> spatialinteractionsource.trygetstateattimestamp <br> spatialinteractionsourceeventargs.presskind <br> spatialinteractionsourcestate.controllerproperties <br> spatialinteractionsourcestate.isgrasped <br> spatialinteractionsourcestate.ismenupressed <br> spatialinteractionsourcestate.isselectpressed <br> spatialinteractionsourcestate.selectpressedvalue <br> spatialpointerinteractionsourcepose <br> spatialpointerinteractionsourcepose.forwarddirection <br> spatialpointerinteractionsourcepose.position <br> spatialpointerinteractionsourcepose.updirection <br> spatialpointerpose.trygetinteractionsourcepose <br>
### [windows.ui.input](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.input)
radialcontroller.buttonholding <br> radialcontroller.buttonpressed <br> radialcontroller.buttonreleased <br> radialcontrollerbuttonclickedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerbuttonholdingeventargs <br> radialcontrollerbuttonholdingeventargs.contact <br> radialcontrollerbuttonholdingeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerbuttonpressedeventargs <br> radialcontrollerbuttonpressedeventargs.contact <br> radialcontrollerbuttonpressedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerbuttonreleasedeventargs <br> radialcontrollerbuttonreleasedeventargs.contact <br> radialcontrollerbuttonreleasedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerconfiguration.activecontrollerwhenmenuissuppressed <br> radialcontrollerconfiguration.ismenusuppressed <br> radialcontrollercontrolacquiredeventargs.isbuttonpressed <br> radialcontrollercontrolacquiredeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollermenuitem.createfromfontglyph <br> radialcontrollermenuitem.createfromfontglyph <br> radialcontrollerrotationchangedeventargs.isbuttonpressed <br> radialcontrollerrotationchangedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactcontinuedeventargs.isbuttonpressed <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactcontinuedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactendedeventargs <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactendedeventargs.isbuttonpressed <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactendedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactstartedeventargs.isbuttonpressed <br> radialcontrollerscreencontactstartedeventargs.simplehapticscontroller <br>
### [windows.ui.notifications](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.notifications)
notificationdata.notificationdata <br> notificationdata.notificationdata <br> notificationdata.notificationdata <br> notificationdata.sequencenumber <br> notificationdata.values <br> notificationupdateresult <br> toastcollection <br> toastcollection.displayname <br> toastcollection.icon <br> toastcollection.id <br> toastcollection.launchargs <br> toastcollection.toastcollection <br> toastcollectionmanager <br> toastcollectionmanager.appid <br> toastcollectionmanager.findalltoastcollectionsasync <br> toastcollectionmanager.gettoastcollectionasync <br> toastcollectionmanager.removealltoastcollectionsasync <br> toastcollectionmanager.removetoastcollectionasync <br> toastcollectionmanager.savetoastcollectionasync <br> toastcollectionmanager.user <br> toastnotification.data <br> toastnotification.priority <br> toastnotificationhistorychangedtriggerdetail.collectionid <br> toastnotificationmanager.getdefault <br> toastnotificationmanagerforuser.gethistoryfortoastcollectionidasync <br> toastnotificationmanagerforuser.gettoastcollectionmanager <br> toastnotificationmanagerforuser.gettoastcollectionmanager <br> toastnotificationmanagerforuser.gettoastnotifierfortoastcollectionidasync <br> toastnotificationpriority <br> toastnotifier.update <br> toastnotifier.update <br>
### [windows.ui.startscreen](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.startscreen)
startscreenmanager <br> startscreenmanager.containsapplistentryasync <br> startscreenmanager.getdefault <br> startscreenmanager.getforuser <br> startscreenmanager.requestaddapplistentryasync <br> startscreenmanager.supportsapplistentry <br> startscreenmanager.user <br>
### [windows.ui.text](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.text)
richedittextdocument <br> richedittextdocument.alignmentincludestrailingwhitespace <br> richedittextdocument.applydisplayupdates <br> richedittextdocument.batchdisplayupdates <br> richedittextdocument.beginundogroup <br> richedittextdocument.cancopy <br> richedittextdocument.canpaste <br> richedittextdocument.canredo <br> richedittextdocument.canundo <br> richedittextdocument.carettype <br> richedittextdocument.defaulttabstop <br> richedittextdocument.endundogroup <br> richedittextdocument.getdefaultcharacterformat <br> richedittextdocument.getdefaultparagraphformat <br> richedittextdocument.getrange <br> richedittextdocument.getrangefrompoint <br> richedittextdocument.gettext <br> richedittextdocument.ignoretrailingcharacterspacing <br> richedittextdocument.loadfromstream <br> richedittextdocument.redo <br> richedittextdocument.savetostream <br> richedittextdocument.selection <br> richedittextdocument.setdefaultcharacterformat <br> richedittextdocument.setdefaultparagraphformat <br> richedittextdocument.settext <br> richedittextdocument.undo <br> richedittextdocument.undolimit <br> textdecorations <br> textgetoptions <br>
### [windows.ui.viewmanagement](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.viewmanagement)
applicationview.isviewmodesupported <br> applicationview.tryconsolidateasync <br> applicationview.tryenterviewmodeasync <br> applicationview.tryenterviewmodeasync <br> applicationview.viewmode <br> applicationviewconsolidatedeventargs.isappinitiated <br> applicationviewmode <br> applicationviewswitcher.tryshowasviewmodeasync <br> applicationviewswitcher.tryshowasviewmodeasync <br> uisettings.advancedeffectsenabled <br> uisettings.advancedeffectsenabledchanged <br> viewmodepreferences <br> viewmodepreferences.createdefault <br> viewmodepreferences.customsize <br> viewmodepreferences.viewsizepreference <br> viewsizepreference <br>
### [windows.ui.webui](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.webui)
webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.activatedoperation <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.contact <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.contactpanel <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.kind <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.previousexecutionstate <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.splashscreen <br> webuicontactpanelactivatedeventargs.user <br> webuilockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs <br> webuilockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.activatedoperation <br> webuilockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.kind <br> webuilockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.previousexecutionstate <br> webuilockscreencomponentactivatedeventargs.splashscreen <br> webuiprintworkflowforegroundtaskactivatedeventargs <br> webuiprintworkflowforegroundtaskactivatedeventargs.activatedoperation <br> webuiprintworkflowforegroundtaskactivatedeventargs.kind <br> webuiprintworkflowforegroundtaskactivatedeventargs.previousexecutionstate <br> webuiprintworkflowforegroundtaskactivatedeventargs.splashscreen <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.automation.peers](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.automation.peers)
automationpeer.getculture <br> automationpeer.getculturecore <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.canmove <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.canresize <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.canrotate <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.canzoom <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.maxzoom <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.minzoom <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.move <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.resize <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.rotate <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.zoom <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.zoombyunit <br> mapcontrolautomationpeer.zoomlevel <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.automation](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.automation)
automationelementidentifiers.cultureproperty <br> automationproperties.cultureproperty <br> automationproperties.getculture <br> automationproperties.setculture <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.controls.maps](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.controls.maps)
mapbillboard <br> mapbillboard.collisionbehaviordesired <br> mapbillboard.collisionbehaviordesiredproperty <br> mapbillboard.image <br> mapbillboard.location <br> mapbillboard.locationproperty <br> mapbillboard.mapbillboard <br> mapbillboard.normalizedanchorpoint <br> mapbillboard.normalizedanchorpointproperty <br> mapbillboard.referencecamera <br> mapcontextrequestedeventargs <br> mapcontextrequestedeventargs.location <br> mapcontextrequestedeventargs.mapcontextrequestedeventargs <br> mapcontextrequestedeventargs.mapelements <br> mapcontextrequestedeventargs.position <br> mapcontrol.findmapelementsatoffset <br> mapcontrol.getlocationfromoffset <br> mapcontrol.mapcontextrequested <br> mapcontrol.mapprojection <br> mapcontrol.mapprojectionproperty <br> mapcontrol.startcontinuouspan <br> mapcontrol.stopcontinuouspan <br> mapcontrol.stylesheet <br> mapcontrol.stylesheetproperty <br> mapcontrol.trypanasync <br> mapcontrol.trypantoasync <br> mapcontrol.viewpadding <br> mapcontrol.viewpaddingproperty <br> mapprojection <br> mapstyle <br> mapstylesheet <br> mapstylesheet.aerial <br> mapstylesheet.aerialwithoverlay <br> mapstylesheet.combine <br> mapstylesheet.parsefromjson <br> mapstylesheet.roaddark <br> mapstylesheet.roadhighcontrastdark <br> mapstylesheet.roadhighcontrastlight <br> mapstylesheet.roadlight <br> mapstylesheet.tryparsefromjson <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.controls.primitives](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.controls.primitives)
flyoutbase.overlayinputpassthroughelement <br> flyoutbase.overlayinputpassthroughelementproperty <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.controls](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.controls)
bitmapicon.showasmonochrome <br> bitmapicon.showasmonochromeproperty <br> combobox.selectionchangedtrigger <br> combobox.selectionchangedtriggerproperty <br> comboboxselectionchangedtrigger <br> contentdialog.closebuttonclick <br> contentdialog.closebuttoncommand <br> contentdialog.closebuttoncommandparameter <br> contentdialog.closebuttoncommandparameterproperty <br> contentdialog.closebuttoncommandproperty <br> contentdialog.closebuttonstyle <br> contentdialog.closebuttonstyleproperty <br> contentdialog.closebuttontext <br> contentdialog.closebuttontextproperty <br> contentdialog.defaultbutton <br> contentdialog.defaultbuttonproperty <br> contentdialog.primarybuttonstyle <br> contentdialog.primarybuttonstyleproperty <br> contentdialog.secondarybuttonstyle <br> contentdialog.secondarybuttonstyleproperty <br> contentdialogbutton <br> control.defaultstyleresourceuri <br> control.defaultstyleresourceuriproperty <br> control.getistemplatekeytiptarget <br> control.istemplatekeytiptargetproperty <br> control.setistemplatekeytiptarget <br> focusengagedeventargs.handled <br> frame.setnavigationstate <br> inktoolbar.buttonflyoutplacement <br> inktoolbar.buttonflyoutplacementproperty <br> inktoolbar.getmenubutton <br> inktoolbar.isstencilbuttonchecked <br> inktoolbar.isstencilbuttoncheckedchanged <br> inktoolbar.isstencilbuttoncheckedproperty <br> inktoolbar.orientation <br> inktoolbar.orientationproperty <br> inktoolbarbuttonflyoutplacement <br> inktoolbareraserbutton.isclearallvisible <br> inktoolbareraserbutton.isclearallvisibleproperty <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.checked <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.inktoolbarflyoutitem <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.ischecked <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.ischeckedproperty <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.kind <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.kindproperty <br> inktoolbarflyoutitem.unchecked <br> inktoolbarflyoutitemkind <br> inktoolbarisstencilbuttoncheckedchangedeventargs <br> inktoolbarisstencilbuttoncheckedchangedeventargs.inktoolbarisstencilbuttoncheckedchangedeventargs <br> inktoolbarisstencilbuttoncheckedchangedeventargs.stencilbutton <br> inktoolbarisstencilbuttoncheckedchangedeventargs.stencilkind <br> inktoolbarmenubutton <br> inktoolbarmenubutton.isextensionglyphshown <br> inktoolbarmenubutton.isextensionglyphshownproperty <br> inktoolbarmenubutton.menukind <br> inktoolbarmenukind <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.inktoolbarstencilbutton <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.isprotractoritemvisible <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.isprotractoritemvisibleproperty <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.isruleritemvisible <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.isruleritemvisibleproperty <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.protractor <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.protractorproperty <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.ruler <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.rulerproperty <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.selectedstencil <br> inktoolbarstencilbutton.selectedstencilproperty <br> inktoolbarstencilkind <br> listviewbase.prepareconnectedanimation <br> listviewbase.trystartconnectedanimationasync <br> menuflyoutitem.icon <br> menuflyoutitem.iconproperty <br> menuflyoutsubitem.icon <br> menuflyoutsubitem.iconproperty <br> richeditbox.maxlength <br> richeditbox.maxlengthproperty <br> richeditbox.selectionhighlightcolorwhennotfocused <br> richeditbox.selectionhighlightcolorwhennotfocusedproperty <br> richeditboxtextchangingeventargs.iscontentchanging <br> richtextblock.textdecorations <br> richtextblock.textdecorationsproperty <br> textblock.textdecorations <br> textblock.textdecorationsproperty <br> textbox.selectionhighlightcolorwhennotfocused <br> textbox.selectionhighlightcolorwhennotfocusedproperty <br> textboxtextchangingeventargs.iscontentchanging <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.documents](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.documents)
hyperlink.focus <br> hyperlink.focusstate <br> hyperlink.focusstateproperty <br> hyperlink.gotfocus <br> hyperlink.lostfocus <br> hyperlink.xyfocusdownnavigationstrategy <br> hyperlink.xyfocusdownnavigationstrategyproperty <br> hyperlink.xyfocusleftnavigationstrategy <br> hyperlink.xyfocusleftnavigationstrategyproperty <br> hyperlink.xyfocusrightnavigationstrategy <br> hyperlink.xyfocusrightnavigationstrategyproperty <br> hyperlink.xyfocusupnavigationstrategy <br> hyperlink.xyfocusupnavigationstrategyproperty <br> textelement.accesskeydisplaydismissed <br> textelement.accesskeydisplayrequested <br> textelement.accesskeyinvoked <br> textelement.accesskeyscopeowner <br> textelement.accesskeyscopeownerproperty <br> textelement.isaccesskeyscope <br> textelement.isaccesskeyscopeproperty <br> textelement.keytiphorizontaloffset <br> textelement.keytiphorizontaloffsetproperty <br> textelement.keytipplacementmode <br> textelement.keytipplacementmodeproperty <br> textelement.keytipverticaloffset <br> textelement.keytipverticaloffsetproperty <br> textelement.textdecorations <br> textelement.textdecorationsproperty <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.hosting](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.hosting)
elementcompositionpreview.getpointerpositionpropertyset <br> elementcompositionpreview.setimplicithideanimation <br> elementcompositionpreview.setimplicitshowanimation <br> elementcompositionpreview.setistranslationenabled <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.input](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.input)
accesskeymanager.arekeytipsenabled <br> findnextelementoptions <br> findnextelementoptions.exclusionrect <br> findnextelementoptions.findnextelementoptions <br> findnextelementoptions.hintrect <br> findnextelementoptions.searchroot <br> findnextelementoptions.xyfocusnavigationstrategyoverride <br> focusinputdevicekind <br> focusmanager.findfirstfocusableelement <br> focusmanager.findlastfocusableelement <br> focusmanager.findnextelement <br> focusmanager.findnextelement <br> focusmanager.trymovefocus <br> gettingfocuseventargs <br> gettingfocuseventargs.cancel <br> gettingfocuseventargs.direction <br> gettingfocuseventargs.focusstate <br> gettingfocuseventargs.handled <br> gettingfocuseventargs.inputdevice <br> gettingfocuseventargs.newfocusedelement <br> gettingfocuseventargs.oldfocusedelement <br> keytipplacementmode <br> losingfocuseventargs <br> losingfocuseventargs.cancel <br> losingfocuseventargs.direction <br> losingfocuseventargs.focusstate <br> losingfocuseventargs.handled <br> losingfocuseventargs.inputdevice <br> losingfocuseventargs.newfocusedelement <br> losingfocuseventargs.oldfocusedelement <br> nofocuscandidatefoundeventargs <br> nofocuscandidatefoundeventargs.direction <br> nofocuscandidatefoundeventargs.handled <br> nofocuscandidatefoundeventargs.inputdevice <br> xyfocuskeyboardnavigationmode <br> xyfocusnavigationstrategy <br> xyfocusnavigationstrategyoverride <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.markup](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.markup)
xamlmarkuphelper <br> xamlmarkuphelper.unloadobject <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.media.animation](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.media.animation)
connectedanimation.isscaleanimationenabled <br> connectedanimation.setanimationcomponent <br> connectedanimation.trystart <br> connectedanimationcomponent <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.media.imaging](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.media.imaging)
svgimagesource <br> svgimagesource.opened <br> svgimagesource.openfailed <br> svgimagesource.rasterizepixelheight <br> svgimagesource.rasterizepixelheightproperty <br> svgimagesource.rasterizepixelwidth <br> svgimagesource.rasterizepixelwidthproperty <br> svgimagesource.setsourceasync <br> svgimagesource.svgimagesource <br> svgimagesource.svgimagesource <br> svgimagesource.urisource <br> svgimagesource.urisourceproperty <br> svgimagesourcefailedeventargs <br> svgimagesourcefailedeventargs.status <br> svgimagesourceloadstatus <br> svgimagesourceopenedeventargs <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml.media](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml.media)
loadedimagesourceloadcompletedeventargs <br> loadedimagesourceloadcompletedeventargs.status <br> loadedimagesourceloadstatus <br> loadedimagesurface <br> loadedimagesurface.close <br> loadedimagesurface.decodedphysicalsize <br> loadedimagesurface.decodedsize <br> loadedimagesurface.loadcompleted <br> loadedimagesurface.naturalsize <br> loadedimagesurface.startloadfromstream <br> loadedimagesurface.startloadfromstream <br> loadedimagesurface.startloadfromuri <br> loadedimagesurface.startloadfromuri <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.compositionbrush <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.fallbackcolor <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.fallbackcolorproperty <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.onconnected <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.ondisconnected <br> xamlcompositionbrushbase.xamlcompositionbrushbase <br> xamllight <br> xamllight.addtargetbrush <br> xamllight.addtargetelement <br> xamllight.compositionlight <br> xamllight.getid <br> xamllight.onconnected <br> xamllight.ondisconnected <br> xamllight.removetargetbrush <br> xamllight.removetargetelement <br> xamllight.xamllight <br>
### [windows.ui.xaml](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui.xaml)
application.highcontrastadjustment <br> applicationhighcontrastadjustment <br> bringintoviewoptions <br> bringintoviewoptions.animationdesired <br> bringintoviewoptions.bringintoviewoptions <br> bringintoviewoptions.targetrect <br> elementhighcontrastadjustment <br> frameworkelement.defertree <br> uielement.gettingfocus <br> uielement.gettingfocusevent <br> uielement.highcontrastadjustment <br> uielement.highcontrastadjustmentproperty <br> uielement.keytiphorizontaloffset <br> uielement.keytiphorizontaloffsetproperty <br> uielement.keytipplacementmode <br> uielement.keytipplacementmodeproperty <br> uielement.keytipverticaloffset <br> uielement.keytipverticaloffsetproperty <br> uielement.lights <br> uielement.lightsproperty <br> uielement.losingfocus <br> uielement.losingfocusevent <br> uielement.nofocuscandidatefound <br> uielement.nofocuscandidatefoundevent <br> uielement.startbringintoview <br> uielement.startbringintoview <br> uielement.tabfocusnavigation <br> uielement.tabfocusnavigationproperty <br> uielement.xyfocusdownnavigationstrategy <br> uielement.xyfocusdownnavigationstrategyproperty <br> uielement.xyfocuskeyboardnavigation <br> uielement.xyfocuskeyboardnavigationproperty <br> uielement.xyfocusleftnavigationstrategy <br> uielement.xyfocusleftnavigationstrategyproperty <br> uielement.xyfocusrightnavigationstrategy <br> uielement.xyfocusrightnavigationstrategyproperty <br> uielement.xyfocusupnavigationstrategy <br> uielement.xyfocusupnavigationstrategyproperty <br> window.compositor <br>
### [windows.ui](https://docs.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.ui)
colorhelper.todisplayname <br> | 268.257336 | 12,101 | 0.872608 | eng_Latn | 0.297433 |
ed5da92ee03547c7e6c016064ce79f095b2b70c7 | 26,001 | md | Markdown | Part_2/README.md | Bhaskers-Blu-Org2/datascience4managers | 2410182fe6913a8c986d2f28f5db6850cddb75f2 | [
"MIT"
] | 8 | 2019-11-24T08:23:12.000Z | 2021-01-19T02:48:46.000Z | Part_2/README.md | Bhaskers-Blu-Org2/datascience4managers | 2410182fe6913a8c986d2f28f5db6850cddb75f2 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-06-02T02:05:15.000Z | 2021-06-02T02:05:15.000Z | Part_2/README.md | microsoft/datascience4managers | 7c332bf23a85f281237c841e1981ab21ed4ca072 | [
"MIT"
] | 9 | 2019-10-29T18:45:36.000Z | 2021-03-27T07:23:13.000Z | # Decisions, decisions.
_In which we use economic utility models to set a threshold for a binary classifier, based on the cost or benefit of making 4 types of correct and incorrect decisions._
## Web resources
* [ML Utility Shiny app](https://ml4managers.shinyapps.io/ML_utility/)
## Background
Most machine learning classifiers give fuzzy results; rather than telling you whether a customer will buy a product, they give you estimated probabilities. People accustomed to black and white answers may need to learn new approaches to deal with these shades of gray.
In this series of hands-on exercises, we examine the process of characterizing the performance of a classifier by relating its _sensitivity_ (the ability to detect the positive cases) to its _specificity_ (the ability to not detect the negatives). In general, ML classifiers allow you to make a trade-off between quality and quantity by adjusting a threshold; you have to settle for finding fewer positives if you insist on only taking the purest subset. The theme of this section is to study what that tradeoff means, how to associate it with a cost or value, and how to estimate how much additional value can be realized by using a ML classifier.
In a business context we can often assign dollar values to each of the two types of mistakes a binary classifier can make (it can think a bad widget is good, or it can think a good widget is bad), and to the two ways it can get things right (it can correctly identify a good widget, or correctly identify a bad one). In medical testing there is usually a different weighting for screening tests (where it is important to not miss anybody, so sensitivity is emphasized over specificity), as opposed to confirmatory tests (where you want to be sure the patient really has the disease). Since machine learning makes it possible to test for huge numbers of possible errors (for example, in electronic health record systems), we need to consider the risk of overwhelming users with false alarms (leading to "alert fatigue").
The tradeoffs between sensitivity and specificity need to be evaluated in the context of the system in which the classifier is deployed. Our main exercise in this section is to use an economic utility model to weight these types of errors and help us decide on the best classifier threshold to use to maximize reward in various scenarios. As part of that process we will take an in-depth look at ROC curves, one of the most important types of diagnostic plots for visualizing classifier performance, and frame machine learning as a way to automate (some) decisions (or parts thereof).
## ROC curves and confusion matrixes
Let's say we have a machine learning model that tries to distinguish red beads from blue beads. To make the problem interesting, we can't allow the model to just look at the color; if it could do that, classification would be easy and perfect and we wouldn't need to worry about how to handle uncertainty (and we probably wouldn't need to use machine learning). So we're assuming right off the bat that the model will be predicting the color of the bead from some other characteristics that correlate somewhat, but not perfectly, with color; these might include things about the beads that we could measure (other than the color itself), like density, smoothness, sphericity, diameter, and so forth. In machine learning terms, the color is the _label_, and the various attributes of the bead that we are measuring to use as inputs to the classifer are _features_. The model uses the features to generate a _score_, which is a numeric value that is high if the bead seems likely to be red, and low if it seems likely not to be red (since there are only 2 colors, this means it is likely to be blue). The score is often expressed as the estimated probability of the bead being red, but for our purposes, we don't need it to be calibrated as a probability; we just need the beads that are more likely to be red to have higher scores.
An ROC curve is a plot that shows how well the scores from the model did at separating the beads overall. To draw this curve, we first sort all the beads based on their scores. Since we are (convieniently) dealing with beads, let's imagine putting them on a necklace in sorted order, with the high-scoring beads at the beginning and the low-scoring beads at the end. If the classifier did a good job, there should be more red beads at the beginning, and more blue beads at the end. In the middle of the necklace we expect to find a mixture of red and blue beads.
Now we plot the curve by giving the sorted necklace to a graphic turtle. This turtle is specialized in that it can only make two moves; when it sees a red bead it takes a step in the y-direction, and when it sees a blue bead it takes a step in the x-direction. These steps are scaled based on how many red and blue beads there are, so that by the time the turtle has passed all the red beads it will be at the top of the plot area (1.0 on the y-axis), and when it has passed all the blue beads it will be at the right-hand side of the plot area (1.0 on the x-axis). In other words, the x-axis represents the fraction of all the (negative) blue beads and the y-axis represents the fraction of all the (positive) red beads the turtle has passed in its march from the beginning of the necklace to the end.
> ROC curve for red and blue beads sorted by score from a model predicting whether a bead is likely to be red. The shape of the curve illustrates how well our model was able to tell the red beads from the blue ones. Starting from (0,0), the curve takes a step upward for each red bead, and to the right for each blue bead. There are 20 red beads and 30 blue beads, so the steps in the y-direction are slightly larger than those in the x-direction. By the time we get through all the red beads we are at the top of the plot, and by the time we get through all the blue ones we are at the far right.
If the classifier had done a perfect job, all the red beads would have been at the beginning and all the blue ones at the end, and the curve would have gone straight up from (0,0) to (1,0) as the turtle marched along finding only red beads, until it passed them all, then it would have marched straight to the left as it covered the sequence of only blue beads. The curve would have been square, and the area under the curve would have been the entire unit square, or 1.0. If the classifier had just given random scores to the beads they would have been sorted in random order, and the curve would have been a random walk more or less up the diagonal, and we would expect the area under it to be around 0.5.
The simple turtle-graphics view of ROC curves leaves out one minor detail; if you have tied scores, you should take a diagonal step that covers all the beads in the group of tied scores. This diagonal segment should cover a distance on the x-axis representing the fraction of all the blue beads that are in the tied group, and a distance on the y-axis representing the fraction of all the red beads in the group. The extreme case of tied scores is when the model thinks all the beads are the same, and gives them all the exact same score. This means they are all tied, and should be represented by a straight diagonal line from (0,0) to (1,1). This is a subtle difference from random scores, which would only approximate the diagonal. In the exercises we will see an ROC curve from a simple decision tree model that puts all cases into a small number of score buckets, where all the cases in each bucket get the same score; that curve will show obvious diagonal segments, one for each score bucket.
Choosing a position along the necklace is equivalent to setting a threshold value for the classifier score by which the beads were sorted. All the beads that come before our selected position are above the threshold, and will be predicted to be negative, while all the beads that come after our position are below the threshold, and will be predicted to be positive. Now you should see the quality vs. quantity tradeoff we need to make; we can find more red beads if we are willing to have some blue ones mixed in, but if we want a purer set of red beads, we have to settle for fewer of them. Our challenge will be to figure out the most valuable balance between quality and quantity.
Let's go back to the ROC plot and count how many of the red and blue beads we got right and wrong for each bead position:
> This animation shows the sorted beads (already laid out as an ROC curve by the turtle) being scanned to compute a confusion matrix for each bead position along the sorted necklace. Beads above the threshold are shown in bright colors, while those below the threshold are more pale. Every time the threshold passes a red bead we turn a false negative into a true positive, and every time it passes a blue bead it turns a true negative into a false positive. The test set represented by this curve contains 20 red beads and 30 blue ones.
These little 2 by 2 tables are called confusion matrixes, and they are so important that each cell has a name. Two cells represent cases that are actually positive (red beads); the positive cases that are correctly identified are true positives (TP), and the ones that are incorrectly classified as negative are false negatives (FN). The other two cells show the cases that are actually negative (blue beads); if we got them right they are true negatives (TN), and if we got them wrong they are false positives (FP). They are laid out like this:
predicted \\ actual | True | False |
--------------------|------|-------|
True | TP | FP |
False | FN | TN |
## Linear utility model
We saw above that any point on the ROC curve can be represented by a 2 by 2 confusion matrix. But actually, we could make one of these little confusion matrixes for any point on the whole TPR vs FPR plane; the curve just shows which of those points (and which of those confusion matrixes) are reachable by a given model. As long as we know how many cases in the test set are actually positive and how many are actually negative, then for any combination of true positive rate and false positive rate (that is, for any point on the plane), we can figure out the four entries in the 2 by 2 confusion matrix:
* `TP = TPR * N * P`
* `FP = FPR * N * (1-P)`
* `TN = (1 - FPR) * N * (1-P)`
* `FN = (1 - TPR) * N * P`
Here N is the total number of cases, and P is the proportion of those cases that are positive (this proportion is also called the "prevalence" of positive cases). So the overall number of positive cases is `N * P` and the number of negative cases is `(1 - P) * N`.
We will be studying the interaction between two concepts that we can represent together in "ROC space". One is the ROC curve itself, which plots all the options the classifier gives you for trading off quality (low rate of false positives) against quantity (high rate of true positives). The second concept involves assigning values to the possible values of TPR and FPR, based on how much we think we would gain from each true positive case, how much we lose from each false positive, etc. Once we have made estimates for a set of value parameters and the overall prevalence of positive cases, we can calculate a value for each point on the plane on which the ROC curve is plotted, and represent these payoff values by coloring the background.
> Shiny app showing economic utility in ROC space. The settings on the left are used to compute the “payoff” value of every point on the plane of true positive rate (TPR) vs. false positive rate (FPR); this is used to color the background. The parallel black lines are “lines of indifference”, showing contours on the cost surface (since this cost model is linear, these are parallel lines). The diagonal is emphasized by a dashed line; this is basically the performance of a "null" model that cannot tell the beads apart at all. Two special lines of indifference are also shown with bedazzled dashed lines; the one that passes through the origin, and the one that passes through (1,1). The line of indifference passing through the origin connect the points that have the same payoff value as when nothing passes the threshold, and the one passing through (1,1) has the same payoff as when everything passes the threshold. An ROC curve showing the performance of a particular model on a particular test set is shown in blue, and the green spot shows the point on the curve with the highest payoff. In this case the highest payoff is at (1,1), representing a threshold where all cases are considered positive, and the classifier is not useful.
# Example Scenarios
The first two tasks in the 'Exercises' section below will be to get you familiar with how the sliders in the Shiny App affect the value model, but this all leads up to Exercise 3 where you are asked to invent some fictitious business scenarios to go with particular value settings. To get you thinking about these kinds of scenarios up front, we'll first present a couple of examples.
## Screener scenario
A very common use case for ML classifiers it to pre-screen cases to handle the obvious things before bumping the more difficult ones up for a human to handle. This is like a bot that uses an FAQ to screen calls; it tries to figure out if it is confident enough that the caller's question is one it knows the answer to that it can go ahead and answer it, or if the caller really needs to speak to a human. You can usually think of this situation as a set of one-vs-all binary classifiers; Is it question 1? Is it question 2, etc. Deciding how confident the bot needs to be before it goes ahead and sends the approved answer to the question it thinks the caller is asking requires setting a threshold. If you can frame the problem in terms of how valuable it is to use the bot compared to the old system of just having humans answer all the questions, you only need to set three sliders:
* Slider 1. How common is this question? (P) What proportion of all questions are this one?
* Slider 2. How much benefit do I get if the bot correctly answers this question? (TP) In other words, how much do you save by not having to engage a human employee?
* Slider 3. What is the cost of sending the answer if it turns out to NOT be what the customer was asking? (FP) This cost might be a matter of annoying the customer, but you have to estimate it in the same value units as the other value questions.
In this scenario, you can leave the last two slider values set to zero, because if the bot classifies the question as negative (not something it wants to answer), it will get bumped to the human (whether it is a True Negative or a False Negative), and the cost of that is no different than the old system, because a human still has to answer the question.
## Widget scenario: setting all 4 values
You are running a factory that makes widgets, and the classifier examines them as they come off of the assembly line to judge whether the widget is good or not. A 'bad' widget is one that is likely to fail and be returned by the (probably unhappy) customer. Let's frame this problem as a good widget detector (we could do an exactly equivalent analysis by thinking of it as a bad widget detector, but we have to pick one way to label positives and negatives, and stick to it). So this is what the sliders represent:
* Slider 1: What proportion of all the widgets coming off of the assembly line are good? (P)
* Slider 2: How much is a widget worth if we correctly identify it as good? (TP)
* Slider 3: How much does it cost us when we sell a bad widget? (FP)
* Slider 4: How much does it cost us to make a widget, then figure out it is bad and not sell it? (TN)
* Slider 5: How much does it cost to mistakenly assume a widget is bad, and not sell it? (FN)
If almost all of the widgets your factory produces are good, you make a lot of money by selling each one, and the cost of selling a bad one is low, then it might not be useful for you to invest in an ML classifer. But if you only make a little money per widget, there are a lot of bad ones produced, and it is a big disaster for the customer when a widget fails, then the additional quality control from an ML classifier could make the difference between your business being viable or not.
Once again, slider 3 is probably the most difficult one to assign a value to. You need to consider possible lawsuits, damage to your reputation, and so forth, and boil all those things down into a number that can be compared to the other values. But we need a number here so we can think about the tradeoffs. In many cases a ballpark estimate is enough to shed some light on the questions. Besides, if your job were easy anybody could do it.
For practical purposes, the values of the TNs and the FNs are probably the same, because in both cases you make a widget and decide not to sell it. This would be the cost of producing it (probably a negative value) plus the cost of recycling it (it might be worth something as parts or as scrap, so this value might actually be positive). It is a bit of a stretch to imagine a scenario where the TN and FN values are different; the best I've come up with so far might be if a recycler would pay more for your rejects if they include more good widgets.
# Exercises
Open a tab to the [ML Utility Shiny app](https://ml4managers.shinyapps.io/ML_utility/) to work through these problems.
## Exercise 1: The effects of prevalence, or the proportion of positive cases.
The contours on the value surface are called "lines of indifference" because all points along those lines have the same total value. Since this is a linear model, these lines are all straight and parallel to one another, and any line with the same slope connects points that all have the same overall value.
Set the proportion of positive cases to 0.5; this means that there are the same number of positive and negative cases in the test set, so the x and y axes (TPR and FPR) are on the same scale. In other words, 0.1 TPR represents the same number of true cases as 0.1 FPR represents false cases.
Set the value of a true positive to 100 and the value of a false positive to -100. Leave the values of true negatives and false negatives both set to zero.
Note that the contour lines on the value surface are at a 45 degree angle. This is because every false positive loses as much value as every positive case gains; so when you move along a lower left to upper right diagonal lines the gains and losses balance out exactly.
Now move the top slider to change the proportion of positive cases to 0.8; this makes it so that there are exactly 4 times as many positive cases as negative cases. This means that a given distance on the y-axis (TPR) represents 4 times as many cases as the same distance on the x-axis (FPR). Now our lines of indifference have a slope of 1:4 because the true positives and false positives still have exactly opposite values (they balance each other one to one), but to get the same number of false positive and true positive cases you now have to move 4 times as far on the FPR axis as you do on the TPR axis.
Once the costs are fixed, the slope of the indifference lines is determined by the ratio of true to false cases. The higher you set the proportion of positive cases, the more shallow the slope of the contour lines becomes. If you set it to a very low value, the lines have a very steep slope.
## Exercise 2: Crossing the threshold.
Let's go back to that turtle marching along the beads of a string. Each bead is really either red or black, but as the turtle pushes the cutoff threshold past a bead, he is considering it to be red. If it is actually red and he has marched past it, it is a true positive, but if he has not reached it yet it is a false negative. So when the threshold moves past a red bead, it converts a FN to a TP; it is a zero-sum situation among the red beads. Likewise, when the threshold moves past a black bead, a TN gets changed to a FP. So really only two values matter for finding the optimal threshold: the difference in value between a TP and a FN, and the difference in value between a TN and a FP. In this exercise, we'll show that the Shiny app always picks the same threshold value based on these differences.
Note that even though the _position_ of the optimal threshold is determined by these two differences in value ( `TN_value - FP_value` and `TP_value - FN_value` ), the value of the total payoff does depend on all 4 values.
## Exercise 3: Utility scenarios.
Now that you have a feel for what the sliders do, it is time to get creative:
1. Using the ROC curve for the random forest model, find a set of slider settings where the optimal threshold puts the blue dot all the way in the upper right corner. Make up a fictitious business scenario to go along with these slider settings. If your optimal threshold is so low that all cases are accepted (TPR and FPR are both 1.0), is the classifier useful?
2. Find slider settings where the `rule` model had a higher payoff than the `decisionTree` model. Can you make up a business scenario to go along with these settings? What is the payoff of the `randomForest` model under these value conditions? Can you think of any circumstances where the `rule` model might be preferable to the `randomForest` model?
3. Find slider settings where the `randomForest` classifier is useful (that is, it provides a better payoff than no model at all), but the other models are useless. Invent a business scenario to go with these settings.
4. Can you find slider settings where no classifier could possibly be useful? Can you make up a scenario to go with these settings?
# Notes:
## ROC vs Precision-Recall
Sometimes it is easier to think about the quality-quantity tradeoffs in terms of Precision and Recall, instead of TPR and FPR (or Sensitivity and Specificity). So we've added an option to display the classifier performance and utility model on a Precision-Recall curve instead of an ROC curve. We won't do any exercises with the PR curve, but you might find it interesting to compare these two popular types of performance curves, and I'd like to point out a few details. First, the PR curve itself changes when you change the prevalence slider. ROC curves are special in that they completely separate the positives on the y-axis from the negatives on the x-axis, so they are invariant to prevalence. Not so with PR curves. Also, our linear utility models are are not linear in PR space; the nice parallel lines of indifference we saw in ROC space are curved in this representation. And the cost surface goes to such large negative values toward the bottom right that I had to put a limit below which it is just colored red (otherwise the deep chasm soaks up all the dynamic range for the color scale). But the same general ideas of making a quality vs. quantity tradeoff apply, and both views should arrive at the same optimal threshold and the same payoff.
## Real ROC curves have statistical variation
A single ROC curve really just represents the performance of the classifier on a particular test set, and if we had used a different randomly chosen test set the curve would have been slightly different. It is pretty common to assume that the test set is representative of the data you would really like to use your model on, but it would be appropriate to mark the sampling variability with error bars or error bounds. We haven't done that here because the visualization is already very busy, but keep in mind that the curve is estimated from a sample and there is some error associated with it.
## Confusion matrixes are confusing
I know a little 2 by 2 confusion matrix seems like it should be really simple, but it can be really, well, _confusing_, for several reasons. The first confusing thing is all the negating (a false negative is actually positive). Then there is all the symmetry: you've got two cells that depend on the TPR and two that depend on the FPR; two that depend on the prevalence and two that depend on one minus the prevalence, and two that depend directly on the rate (be it FPR or TPR), and two that depend on one minus those rates. That's a lot of symmetry to squash into just four cells. And if that's not bad enough, you could always flip the definition of what you consider positive and perform an exactly equivalent analysis on the mirror image problem; say you are trying to build a classifier to detect counterfeit $20 bills: you could define a bogus bill to be positive and a real bill to be negative (that is, not counterfeit), or you could describe an exactly equivalent classifier as a good bill detector, in which case a counterfeit bill is negative. You've got to pick one definition of 'positive' and stick to it. But probably the most confusing thing is many of the metrics derived from the confusion matrix have a lot of different names for the same thing; for example, "False Positive Rate", "Sensitivity" and "Recall" all mean exactly the same thing: they are the ratio of true positives to all positives (`TPR = TP/(TP + FN)`). Look at the diagram at the bottom of the Wikipedia article on [confusion matrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion_matrix) and see if that isn't confusing. But the reason that so many of these concepts have multiple names is that they are so important that they were independently discovered by people in different fields. The bottom line is that these are important concepts, and it is worth spending some time thinking about them.
| 168.837662 | 1,879 | 0.776278 | eng_Latn | 0.999957 |
ed5f8a5f0c14ffac14bad63f9e29ee1b1f9a85a4 | 3,183 | md | Markdown | README.md | bogdandbruma/RestClientBundle | c50a78683769287d0acdf46baf17b60ddade2d53 | [
"MIT"
] | 9 | 2017-03-14T15:51:58.000Z | 2019-07-16T07:17:41.000Z | README.md | bogdandbruma/RestClientBundle | c50a78683769287d0acdf46baf17b60ddade2d53 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2018-09-18T07:10:09.000Z | 2018-12-01T07:53:57.000Z | README.md | bogdandbruma/RestClientBundle | c50a78683769287d0acdf46baf17b60ddade2d53 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # RestClientBundle
Symfony **Rest Client Bundle** using [GuzzleHttp](http://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/latest/index.html) and [Ocramius/ProxyManager](http://ocramius.github.io/ProxyManager/)
Installation
============
To install CosRestClientBundle with Composer execute the following command:
$ composer require "cos/rest-client-bundle": "dev-master"
Now, Composer will automatically download all required files, and install them
for you. All that is left to do is to update your ``AppKernel.php`` file, and
register the new bundle:
<?php
// in AppKernel::registerBundles()
$bundles = array(
// ...
new Cos\RestClientBundle\CosRestClientBundle(),
// ...
);
The bundle is now installed. Lets start configure with the bundle.
Configuration reference
=========
# config.yml
cos_rest_client:
annotation_reader: annotation_reader # annotation reader service id
# http clients and base URLs
clients:
default: { baseUri: 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com' }
Usage
======
Define a rest resource interface
-------
<?php
namespace AppBundle\Rest;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Client;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Endpoint;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Form;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Json;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Path;
use Cos\RestClientBundle\Annotation\Query;
/**
* Client configuration
* @Client(name="default")
*/
interface Posts
{
/**
* @Path(name="id", paramName="idParam")
* @Endpoint(uri="/posts/{id}", method="get")
*/
public function get($idParam);
/**
* @Query(name="userId")
* @Endpoint(uri="/posts")
*/
public function getWithQuery($userId);
/**
* @Form(name="formData")
* @Endpoint(uri="/posts", method="POST")
*/
public function form(array $formData);
/**
* @Json(name="data")
* @Endpoint(uri="/posts", method="POST")
*/
public function json(array $data);
}
Create proxy for Posts
------
<?php
//in controller
$proxyFactory = $this->get('cos_rest_client.proxy_factory');
$proxy = $proxyFactory->create(Posts::class);
Call proxy methods defined in interface
-----
<?php
$proxy->get(1); //request for client base uri + /posts/1
$proxy->getWithQuery(1)->getBody()->getContents(); //request for /posts?userId=1
$data = ['foo' => 'bar']
$proxy->form($data) //post request where $data is sent as application/x-www-form-urlencoded
$proxy->json($data) // send data as json
Response
-----
Every method call from a proxy return a [Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface](http://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/latest/quickstart.html#using-responses)
Full example
--------
https://github.com/cosminseceleanu/RestClientBundleSample
Events
=======
**RequestEvent**: dispatched before a request is executed<br>
**ResponseEvent**: dispatched when response is received
| 24.867188 | 166 | 0.620484 | eng_Latn | 0.511434 |
ed5f977e9add117cb39f5ec41b15a5f12b8ac2dc | 2,771 | md | Markdown | 流行/My Happy Ending-Avril Lavigne/README.md | hsdllcw/everyonepiano-music-database | d440544ad31131421c1f6b5df0f039974521eb8d | [
"MIT"
] | 17 | 2020-12-01T05:27:50.000Z | 2022-03-28T05:03:34.000Z | 流行/My Happy Ending-Avril Lavigne/README.md | hsdllcw/everyonepiano-music-database | d440544ad31131421c1f6b5df0f039974521eb8d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | 流行/My Happy Ending-Avril Lavigne/README.md | hsdllcw/everyonepiano-music-database | d440544ad31131421c1f6b5df0f039974521eb8d | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2021-08-24T08:58:58.000Z | 2022-02-08T08:22:52.000Z |
**My Happy Ending双手简谱** 和五线谱完全对应。
_
My Happy Ending_ 是加拿大著名流行摇滚歌手Avril
Lavigne（艾薇儿·拉维尼）发行于2004年7月的一支单曲，歌曲收录在她第二张录音室专辑《Under My Skin》中。歌曲在US Billboard
Hot 100中最高排名第九，在US Pop Songs排行榜上成功登顶。
歌词下方是 _My Happy Ending钢琴谱_ ，希望大家喜欢。
### My Happy Ending歌词：
Oh~ Oh!
So much for my happy ending
Oh oh, oh oh, oh oh...
Let's talk this over/让我们好好谈谈吧
It's not like we're dead/像我们之间还未结束那样
Was it something I did?/是我做了什么
Was it something You said?/还是你说了什么
Don't leave me hanging/别把我丢下
In a city so dead/在这个死寂的城市
Held up so high/有点恐惧
On such a breakable thread/我们之间的关系岌岌可危
You were all the things I thought I knew/我曾天真的以为我很了解你
And I thought we could be/我们可以永远在一起
You were everything, everything that I wanted/曾经，你是我梦寐以求的一切
We were meant to be, supposed to be, but we lost it/我们本命中注定要在一起，但却事与愿违
And all of the memories, so close to me, just fade away/那些记忆感觉如此清晰却又淡淡逝去
All this time you were pretending/一直以来 你努力假装着
So much for my happy ending/只为给我一个快乐结局
Oh oh, oh oh, oh oh...
So much for my happy ending/这就是我的快乐结局
You've got your dumb friends/你的那些愚蠢的朋友们
I know what they say/我知道他们会说什麼
They tell you I'm difficult/他们会告诉你我很难相处
But so are they/但其实他们也一样
But they don't know me/但他们并不了解我
Do they even know you?/他们甚至连你也不了解
All the things you hide from me/一切你对我隐藏的事
All the shit that you do/那些你不愿提起的苟且之事
You were all the things I thought I knew/曾经我以为我很了解你
And I thought we could be/以为我们能永远走下去
You were everything, everything that I wanted/曾经，你是我梦寐以求的一切
We were meant to be, supposed to be, but we lost it/我们本命中注定要在一起，但却事与愿违
And all of the memories, so close to me, just fade away/那些记忆感觉如此清晰却又淡淡逝去
All this time you were pretending/一直以来 你努力假装着
So much for my happy ending/只为给我一个快乐结局
It's nice to know that you were there/真的很开心你曾陪在我身边
Thanks for acting like you cared/也谢谢你假装你还在乎
And making me feel like I was the only one/让我傻傻的以为 我就是你的唯一
It's nice to know we had it all/感谢你给的所有的虚幻的回忆
Thanks for watching as I fall/也谢谢你在我跌倒的时候冷眼旁观
And letting me know we were done/让我终于明白 我们要结束了
He was everything, everything that I wanted/曾经，他是我梦寐以求的一切
We were meant to be, supposed to be, but we lost it/我们本命中注定要在一起，但却事与愿违
And all of the memories, so close to me, just fade away/那些记忆感觉如此清晰却又淡淡逝去
All this time you were pretending/一直以来 你努力假装着
So much for my happy ending/只为给我一个快乐结局
You were everything, everything that I wanted/曾经，你是我梦寐以求的一切
We were meant to be, supposed to be, but we lost it/我们本命中注定要在一起，但却事与愿违
And all of the memories, so close to me, just fade away/那些记忆感觉如此清晰却又淡淡逝去
All this time you were pretending/一直以来 你努力假装着
So much for my happy ending/只为给我一个快乐结局
Oh oh, oh oh, oh oh...
So much for my happy ending
Oh oh, oh oh, oh oh...
So much for my happy ending
Oh oh, oh oh, oh oh...
| 38.486111 | 78 | 0.75821 | eng_Latn | 0.992262 |
ed5fa692d129505f9334378809e0e5682fcbb3e4 | 6,749 | md | Markdown | docs/android/deploy-test/debugging/android-debug-log.md | lunelake/xamarin-docs.ko-kr | c42343b37aa18d3be7e80f58e4b65a0b28ff59fb | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/android/deploy-test/debugging/android-debug-log.md | lunelake/xamarin-docs.ko-kr | c42343b37aa18d3be7e80f58e4b65a0b28ff59fb | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/android/deploy-test/debugging/android-debug-log.md | lunelake/xamarin-docs.ko-kr | c42343b37aa18d3be7e80f58e4b65a0b28ff59fb | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Android 디버그 로그
description: 디버그 로그를 사용하여 Xamarin.Android 응용 프로그램을 디버깅하는 방법입니다.
ms.prod: xamarin
ms.assetid: 01A715FE-9E9D-9B85-8A59-6568D8A09CA5
ms.technology: xamarin-android
author: conceptdev
ms.author: crdun
ms.date: 06/22/2018
ms.openlocfilehash: 8cf6c11675f0f3ddca0d5aea69e5e07160ef8454
ms.sourcegitcommit: e268fd44422d0bbc7c944a678e2cc633a0493122
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: ko-KR
ms.lasthandoff: 10/25/2018
ms.locfileid: "50114784"
---
# <a name="android-debug-log"></a>Android 디버그 로그
개발자가 응용 프로그램 디버그에 사용하는 아주 일반적인 트릭은 `Console.WriteLine`에 대한 호출을 수행하는 것입니다. 하지만 Android와 같은 모바일 플랫폼에는 콘솔이 없습니다. Android 장치에는 앱을 작성하는 동안 사용할 수 있는 로그가 제공됩니다. 이 명령은 검색을 위해 입력하는 명령 때문에 _logcat_이라고도 합니다. 로그된 데이터를 보려면 **디버그 로그** 도구를 사용하세요.
## <a name="android-debug-log-overview"></a>Android 디버그 로그 개요
**디버그 로그** 도구는 Visual Studio를 통해 앱을 디버그하는 동안 로그 출력을 보는 방법을 제공합니다. 디버그 로그는 다음 장치를 지원합니다.
- 물리적인 Android 휴대폰, 태블릿 및 착용식 장치
- Android Emulator에서 실행 중인 Android 가상 장치
> [!NOTE]
> **디버그 로그** 도구는 Xamarin Live Player에서 작동하지 않습니다.
**디버그 로그**는 앱이 장치에서 독립형으로 실행 중인 동안(즉 Visual Studio에서 연결이 끊어진 동안)에는 로그 메시지를 표시하지 않습니다.
## <a name="accessing-the-debug-log-from-visual-studio"></a>Visual Studio에서 디버그 로그에 액세스
# <a name="visual-studiotabwindows"></a>[Visual Studio](#tab/windows)
**장치 로그** 도구를 열려면 도구 모음에서 **장치 로그(logcat)** 아이콘을 클릭합니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vswin-01-logcat.png#lightbox)
또는 다음 메뉴 선택 사항 중 하나에서 **장치 로그** 도구를 시작합니다.
- **보기 > 다른 창 > 장치 로그**
- **도구 > Android > 장치 로그**
다음 스크린샷은 **디버그 도구** 창의 다양한 부분을 보여줍니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vswin-03-features.png#lightbox)
- **Device Selector**(장치 선택기) – 모니터링할 물리적 장치 또는 실행 중인 에뮬레이터를 선택합니다.
- **Log Entries**(로그 항목) – logcat의 로그 메시지 테이블입니다.
- **Clear Log Entries**(로그 항목 지우기) – 테이블에서 현재 로그를 모두 지웁니다.
- **Play/Pause**(재생/일시 중지) – 새 로그 항목 표시 업데이트 또는 일시 중지 간을 토글합니다.
- **중지** – 새 로그 항목 표시를 중지합니다.
- **Search Box**(검색 상자) – 이 상자에 검색 문자열을 입력하여 로그 항목의 하위 집합을 필터링합니다.
**디버그 로그** 도구 창이 표시되면 장치 풀다운 메뉴를 사용하여 모니터링할 Android 장치를 선택합니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vswin-02-devices-combo.png#lightbox)
장치가 선택되면 **장치 로그** 도구가 자동으로 실행 중인 앱의 로그 항목을 추가합니다. – 이러한 로그 항목은 로그 항목 테이블에 표시됩니다. 장치 간에 전환하면 장치 로깅이 중지되었다가 다시 시작됩니다. 장치 선택기에 장치가 표시되기 전에 Android 프로젝트가 로드되어야 합니다. 장치 선택기에 장치가 표시되지 않는 경우 **시작** 단추 옆의 Visual Studio 장치 드롭다운 메뉴에서 장치가 사용 가능한지 확인합니다.
# <a name="visual-studio-for-mactabmacos"></a>[Visual Studio for Mac](#tab/macos)
**장치 로그**를 열려면 **보기 > 패드 > 장치 로그**를 클릭합니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vsmac-01-logcat.png#lightbox)
다음 스크린샷은 **디버그 도구** 창의 다양한 부분을 보여줍니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vsmac-03-features.png#lightbox)
- **Device Selector**(장치 선택기) – 모니터링할 물리적 장치 또는 실행 중인 에뮬레이터를 선택합니다.
- **Log Entries**(로그 항목) – logcat의 로그 메시지 테이블입니다.
- **Clear Log Entries**(로그 항목 지우기) – 테이블에서 현재 로그를 모두 지웁니다.
- **Search Box**(검색 상자) – 이 상자에 검색 문자열을 입력하여 로그 항목의 하위 집합을 필터링합니다.
- **메시지 표시** – 정보 메시지 표시를 토글합니다.
- **경고 표시** – 경고 메시지 표시를 토글합니다(경고 메시지는 노란색으로 표시됨).
- **오류 표시** – 오류 메시지 표시를 토글합니다(오류 메시지는 빨란색으로 표시됨).
- **다시 연결** – 장치에 다시 연결하고 로그 항목 표시를 새로 고칩니다.
- **마커 추가** – 마지막 로그 항목 뒤에 마커 메시지(예: `--- Marker N ---`)를 삽입합니다. 여기서 _N_은 1에서 시작하여 새 마커가 추가되면 1씩 증가하는 카운터입니다.
[디버그 로그] 도구 창이 표시되면 장치 풀다운 메뉴를 사용하여 모니터링할 Android 장치를 선택합니다.
[](android-debug-log-images/vsmac-02-devices-combo.png#lightbox)
장치가 선택되면 **장치 로그** 도구가 자동으로 실행 중인 앱의 로그 항목을 추가합니다. – 이러한 로그 항목은 로그 항목 테이블에 표시됩니다. 장치 간에 전환하면 장치 로깅이 중지되었다가 다시 시작됩니다. 장치 선택기에 장치가 표시되기 전에 Android 프로젝트가 로드되어야 합니다. 장치 선택기에 장치가 표시되지 않는 경우 **시작** 단추 옆의 Visual Studio 장치 드롭다운 메뉴에서 장치가 사용 가능한지 확인합니다.
-----
## <a name="accessing-from-the-command-line"></a>명령줄에서 액세스
# <a name="visual-studiotabwindows"></a>[Visual Studio](#tab/windows)
디버그 로그를 보는 또 다른 옵션은 명령줄을 통해서 보는 것입니다. 명령 프롬프트 창을 열고 Android SDK 플랫폼 도구 폴더(일반적으로 SDK 플랫폼 도구 폴더는 **C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Android\\android-sdk\\platform-tools**에 있음)로 이동합니다.
장치(물리적 장치 또는 에뮬레이터)가 하나만 연결된 경우 다음 명령을 입력하여 로그를 볼 수 있습니다.
```shell
$ adb logcat
```
# <a name="visual-studio-for-mactabmacos"></a>[Visual Studio for Mac](#tab/macos)
디버그 로그를 보는 또 다른 옵션은 명령줄을 통해서 보는 것입니다. 터미널 창을 열고 Android SDK 플랫폼 도구 폴더(일반적으로 SDK 플랫폼 도구 폴더는 **/Users/username/Library/Developer/Xamarin/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools**에 있음)로 이동합니다.
장치(물리적 장치 또는 에뮬레이터)가 하나만 연결된 경우 다음 명령을 입력하여 로그를 볼 수 있습니다.
```shell
$ ./adb logcat
```
-----
연결된 장치가 둘 이상이면 장치를 분명히 식별해야 합니다. 예를 들어 **adb -d logcat**은 연결된 물리적 장치의 로그만 보여주고, **adb -e logcat**은 실행 중인 에뮬레이터의 로그만 보여줍니다.
**adb**를 입력하고 도움말 메시지를 읽어서 더 많은 명령을 찾을 수 있습니다.
## <a name="writing-to-the-debug-log"></a>디버그 로그에 쓰기
[Android.Util.Log](https://developer.xamarin.com/api/type/Android.Util.Log/) 클래스의 메서드를 사용하여 **디버그 로그**에 메시지를 쓸 수 있습니다.
예:
```csharp
string tag = "myapp";
Log.Info (tag, "this is an info message");
Log.Warn (tag, "this is a warning message");
Log.Error (tag, "this is an error message");
```
이 명령은 다음과 비슷한 출력을 생성합니다.
```shell
I/myapp (11103): this is an info message
W/myapp (11103): this is a warning message
E/myapp (11103): this is an error message
```
`Console.WriteLine`을 사용하여 **디버그 로그** –에 쓸 수도 있습니다. 이 메시지는 출력 형식과는 약간 다르게 logcat에 나타납니다(이 기법은 Android에서 Xamarin.Forms 앱을 디버깅할 때 특히 유용합니다).
```csharp
System.Console.WriteLine ("DEBUG - Button Clicked!");
```
이 명령은 logcat에 다음과 비슷한 출력을 생성합니다.
```
Info (19543) / mono-stdout: DEBUG - Button Clicked!
```
## <a name="interesting-messages"></a>흥미로운 메시지
로그를 읽을 때(그리고 특히 다른 사람에게 로그 코드 조각을 제공할 때) 로그 파일을 전부 정독하는 일은 너무 힘든 경우가 많습니다.
로그 메시지를 보다 쉽게 탐색하려면 다음과 유사한 로그 항목을 찾습니다.
```shell
I/ActivityManager(12944): Starting: Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10200000 cmp=GcTest.GcTest/gctest.Activity1 } from pid 24175
```
특히 응용 프로그램 패키지 이름도 포함하는 정규식과 일치하는 줄을 찾습니다.
```shell
^I.*ActivityManager.*Starting: Intent
```
작업의 시작 부분에 해당하는 줄이며 다음 메시지 중 *대부분*(전부는 아님)이 응용 프로그램과 관련되어야 합니다.
모든 메시지는 메시지를 생성하는 프로세스의 프로세스 식별자(pid)를 포함합니다. 위의 `ActivityManager` 메시지에서 `12944` 프로세스는 메시지를 생성합니다. 어떤 프로세스가 디버그 중인 응용 프로그램의 프로세스인지 확인하려면 **mono.MonoRuntimeProvider** 메시지를 찾습니다.
```shell
I/ActivityThread( 602): Pub TouchTest.TouchTest.__mono_init__: mono.MonoRuntimeProvider
```
이 메시지는 시작된 프로세스에서 생성됩니다. 이 pid를 포함하는 모든 후속 메시지는 동일한 프로세스에서 생성됩니다.
| 34.610256 | 249 | 0.700845 | kor_Hang | 1.000009 |
ed5fef4abf5496b7a004aa5201e1950b0a189741 | 38 | md | Markdown | README.md | romaindubost/test-git-elephorm | 83474f6c6a8436c0a222dd9296527fbe376c998a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | romaindubost/test-git-elephorm | 83474f6c6a8436c0a222dd9296527fbe376c998a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | romaindubost/test-git-elephorm | 83474f6c6a8436c0a222dd9296527fbe376c998a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # test-git-elephorm
Test git elephorm
| 12.666667 | 19 | 0.789474 | tur_Latn | 0.219811 |
ed600afac079310444692005d764665ae0f6bce0 | 1,217 | md | Markdown | docs/2014/ssms/object/browse-for-objects-object-explorer.md | gmilani/sql-docs.pt-br | 02f07ca69eae8435cefd74616a8b00f09c4d4f99 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/2014/ssms/object/browse-for-objects-object-explorer.md | gmilani/sql-docs.pt-br | 02f07ca69eae8435cefd74616a8b00f09c4d4f99 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/2014/ssms/object/browse-for-objects-object-explorer.md | gmilani/sql-docs.pt-br | 02f07ca69eae8435cefd74616a8b00f09c4d4f99 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Procurar por objetos (Pesquisador de Objetos) | Microsoft Docs
ms.custom: ''
ms.date: 06/13/2017
ms.prod: sql-server-2014
ms.reviewer: ''
ms.technology: ssms
ms.topic: conceptual
f1_keywords:
- sql12.swb.common.matchingobjects.f1
- sql12.swb.common.browseobjects.f1
ms.assetid: 6e8b5900-1990-48e9-8666-d9a20ed786be
author: stevestein
ms.author: sstein
manager: craigg
ms.openlocfilehash: 1df8207ebf479d22f1e67191dfdd254fb6403fea
ms.sourcegitcommit: 3026c22b7fba19059a769ea5f367c4f51efaf286
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: pt-BR
ms.lasthandoff: 06/15/2019
ms.locfileid: "63276862"
---
# <a name="browse-for-objects-object-explorer"></a>Procurar por objetos (Pesquisador de Objetos)
Exibe uma lista de objetos do tipo selecionado. Selecione um ou mais objetos desta lista marcando a caixa de seleção correspondente. A caixa **Procurar por Objetos** só exibe itens apropriados para a ação e só exibe itens que você tem permissão para exibir.
## <a name="options"></a>Opções
**Caixa de seleção**
Selecione para incluir o objeto.
**Ícone**
Um ícone que representa o tipo de objeto.
**Nome**
O nome do objeto.
**Tipo**
O tipo de objeto de banco de dados.
| 30.425 | 261 | 0.751849 | por_Latn | 0.965419 |
ed601b2b9920b8d7c7ef42c97ea194f6223dd985 | 182 | md | Markdown | packages/@bencelang/vuedocs-plugin-vuepress/README.md | bencelang/vuedocs | 8b2fe74fda8a22a1d5f143e6e29833c0cd40f9ab | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | packages/@bencelang/vuedocs-plugin-vuepress/README.md | bencelang/vuedocs | 8b2fe74fda8a22a1d5f143e6e29833c0cd40f9ab | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-02-22T01:08:03.000Z | 2020-02-22T01:08:03.000Z | packages/@bencelang/vuedocs-plugin-vuepress/README.md | bencelang/vuedocs | 8b2fe74fda8a22a1d5f143e6e29833c0cd40f9ab | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-09-16T11:13:53.000Z | 2021-09-16T11:13:53.000Z | # `@bencelang/vuedocs-plugin-vuepress`
> TODO: description
## Usage
```
const vuedocsPluginVuepress = require('@bencelang/vuedocs-plugin-vuepress');
// TODO: DEMONSTRATE API
```
| 15.166667 | 76 | 0.71978 | yue_Hant | 0.535894 |
ed601f076e9b2582a840db37ca336b25e32aef8f | 123 | md | Markdown | docs/tools/tips.md | ferhatelmas/ferhatelmas.com | cc00651a97a886f8552733707cd3356b5335a00a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/tools/tips.md | ferhatelmas/ferhatelmas.com | cc00651a97a886f8552733707cd3356b5335a00a | [
"MIT"
] | 12 | 2019-09-05T18:37:51.000Z | 2020-04-05T21:27:31.000Z | docs/tools/tips.md | ferhatelmas/ferhatelmas.com | cc00651a97a886f8552733707cd3356b5335a00a | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Tips
---
## quick package install in browser to test things out
```js
await import('//dev.jspm.io/[pkg]')
```
| 12.3 | 54 | 0.626016 | eng_Latn | 0.862318 |
ed61c8f6de93e034ca1ef8f6d0d20612ac597664 | 622 | md | Markdown | src/main/java/com/github/puddingspudding/justthedip/README.md | marcel-tov/just-the-dip | 344858e6fa99fc024843b1268b59064e1c67e977 | [
"MIT"
] | 9 | 2021-02-05T12:37:18.000Z | 2021-12-25T20:13:11.000Z | src/main/java/com/github/puddingspudding/justthedip/README.md | marcel-tov/just-the-dip | 344858e6fa99fc024843b1268b59064e1c67e977 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2021-01-31T18:26:14.000Z | 2022-03-10T17:28:11.000Z | src/main/java/com/github/puddingspudding/justthedip/README.md | marcel-tov/just-the-dip | 344858e6fa99fc024843b1268b59064e1c67e977 | [
"MIT"
] | 5 | 2021-01-30T15:07:33.000Z | 2022-03-30T06:35:01.000Z |
# Bitstamp Trading Bot
## Run
### Build
```
mvn clean package
```
### Properties
| Name | Description | Examples |
|----- | ---------- | ------- |
| apiKey| Bitsamp api key | 2ad56c2da76ed... |
| apiSecretKey | Bitstamp api secret key | habcdf570da3fe.... |
| totalPct | Row 3 Column 2 | 75 |
| stepsPct | | 5 |
| sellPct | | 5 |
| pair | Currency pair | XLMEUR |
| maxFiat | max amount of fiat money to spent | 500 |
### Command
```
java \
-DapiKey=API_KEY \
-DapiSecretKey=API_SECRET_KEY \
-DtotalPct=75 \
-DstepsPct=5 \
-DsellPct=5 \
-Dpair=XLMEUR \
-DmaxFiat=500 \
-jar bot.jar
```
| 18.848485 | 63 | 0.581994 | eng_Latn | 0.243143 |
ed62e6b25e5b8154ac4ed99fb1088b253d03815f | 2,792 | md | Markdown | docs/build/reference/errorreport-report-internal-compiler-errors.md | svick/cpp-docs | 76fd30ff3e0352e2206460503b61f45897e60e4f | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-04-18T12:54:41.000Z | 2021-04-18T12:54:41.000Z | docs/build/reference/errorreport-report-internal-compiler-errors.md | Mikejo5000/cpp-docs | 4b2c3b0c720aef42bce7e1e5566723b0fec5ec7f | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/build/reference/errorreport-report-internal-compiler-errors.md | Mikejo5000/cpp-docs | 4b2c3b0c720aef42bce7e1e5566723b0fec5ec7f | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2018-10-10T07:37:30.000Z | 2019-06-21T15:18:07.000Z | ---
title: "-errorReport (Report Internal Compiler Errors) | Microsoft Docs"
ms.custom: ""
ms.date: "11/04/2016"
ms.technology: ["cpp-tools"]
ms.topic: "reference"
f1_keywords: ["VC.Project.VCCLCompilerTool.ErrorReporting", "/errorreport"]
dev_langs: ["C++"]
helpviewer_keywords: ["/errorReport compiler option [C++]", "-errorReport compiler option [C++]"]
ms.assetid: 819828f8-b0a5-412c-9c57-bf822f17e667
author: "corob-msft"
ms.author: "corob"
ms.workload: ["cplusplus"]
---
# /errorReport (Report Internal Compiler Errors)
Lets you provide internal compiler error (ICE) information directly to Microsoft.
## Syntax
```
/errorReport:[ none | prompt | queue | send ]
```
## Arguments
**none**
Reports about internal compiler errors will not be collected or sent to Microsoft.
**prompt**
Prompts you to send a report when you receive an internal compiler error. **prompt** is the default when an application is compiled in the development environment.
**queue**
Queues the error report. When you log in with administrator privileges, a window is displayed so that you can report any failures since the last time you were logged in (you will not be prompted to send reports for failures more than once every three days). **queue** is the default when an application is compiled at a command prompt.
**send**
Automatically sends reports of internal compiler errors to Microsoft if reporting is enabled by the Windows Error Reporting system settings.
## Remarks
An internal compiler error (ICE) results when the compiler cannot process a source code file. When an ICE occurs, the compiler does not produce an output file or any useful diagnostic that you can use to fix your code.
In earlier releases, when you got an ICE, you were encouraged to call Microsoft Product Support Services to report the problem. With **/errorReport**, you can provide ICE information directly to Microsoft. Your error reports can help improve future compiler releases.
A user's ability to send reports depends on computer and user policy permissions.
### To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
1. Open the project **Property Pages** dialog box. For more information, see [Working with Project Properties](../../ide/working-with-project-properties.md).
2. Click the **C/C++** folder.
3. Click the **Advanced** property page.
4. Modify the **Error Reporting** property.
### To set this compiler option programmatically
- See <xref:Microsoft.VisualStudio.VCProjectEngine.VCCLCompilerTool.ErrorReporting%2A>.
## See Also
[Compiler Options](../../build/reference/compiler-options.md)
[Setting Compiler Options](../../build/reference/setting-compiler-options.md) | 46.533333 | 338 | 0.73639 | eng_Latn | 0.976806 |
ed6385870de6ed5d3f9fb98bd68d8d8197eff393 | 1,725 | md | Markdown | README.md | seonk94/seonk94.github.io | bc70050ac8fe38d7fee222a00182faf7ba016b79 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | seonk94/seonk94.github.io | bc70050ac8fe38d7fee222a00182faf7ba016b79 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2022-01-04T11:50:53.000Z | 2022-03-20T11:55:27.000Z | README.md | seonk94/seonk94.github.io | bc70050ac8fe38d7fee222a00182faf7ba016b79 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # About me
## Javascript Developer
With
And interesting
 | 69 | 115 | 0.783768 | yue_Hant | 0.600994 |
ed638a5ba9ced5b4e299c460078ddd20af904368 | 1,647 | md | Markdown | powerbi-docs/desktop-privacy.md | 5003/powerbi-docs.ja-jp | f2dcfa0652f4cbf6db01d08979da4779d45cca2a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | powerbi-docs/desktop-privacy.md | 5003/powerbi-docs.ja-jp | f2dcfa0652f4cbf6db01d08979da4779d45cca2a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | powerbi-docs/desktop-privacy.md | 5003/powerbi-docs.ja-jp | f2dcfa0652f4cbf6db01d08979da4779d45cca2a | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Power BI Desktop のプライバシー
description: Power BI Desktop のプライバシー オプション
author: MI77
manager: kfile
ms.reviewer: ''
ms.service: powerbi
ms.component: powerbi-service
ms.topic: conceptual
ms.date: 03/14/2018
ms.author: willthom
LocalizationGroup: Learn more
ms.openlocfilehash: fe77d15634ce14d083884b09a7157f79e315f196
ms.sourcegitcommit: 1574ecba7530e6e0ee97235251a3138fb0e4789b
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: ja-JP
ms.lasthandoff: 08/14/2018
ms.locfileid: "40257034"
---
# <a name="power-bi-desktop-privacy"></a>Power BI Desktop のプライバシー
Microsoft は、お客様のニーズを満たすパフォーマンス、性能、利便性を備えた製品をお届けするにあたり、プライバシーの保護に精力的に取り組んでいます。 Microsoft では、Power BI Desktop の利用状況に関する特定の情報を収集し、問題を診断して、製品の品質向上に役立てています。 Microsoft のプライバシー プラクティスの詳細については、Microsoft のプライバシーに関する声明を確認してください。 これは、**Power BI Desktop** の利用について収集されるデータに適用されます。
**Power BI Desktop** ユーザーから収集する情報には、オペレーティング システム、Power BI Desktop の情報、Internet Explorer のバージョンに関するデータを含めることができます。
このデータが収集されないようにするには、以下の画像のように、**[ファイル]、[オプションと設定]、[オプション]** の順に移動し、**[利用状況データ]** タブで、**[利用状況データを送信する]** チェック ボックスをオフにします。
![[利用状況データを送信する] の [オプション] 設定](media/desktop-privacy/privacy_01.png)
## <a name="sending-additional-information"></a>追加情報の送信
クラッシュまたはその他の問題が発生した場合は、エラー レポートと追加情報を送信するよう選択できます。これらは、今後のリリースでの問題の解決に役立つ場合があります。 ドキュメント ロケール、有効になっているプレビュー機能、およびストレージ モードなど、操作した **Power BI Desktop** ファイルの状態に関する情報も収集します。 これには、モデルのスクリーンショット、エラー メッセージ、および式を含めることができます。 これらの項目には、エラー発生時に使用していたファイルの内容が含まれる場合があるため、送信する前に確認する必要があります。 Microsoft に送信する情報を事前に選択できることを忘れないでください。
この情報を送信しない場合は、エラー発生時に **[閉じる]** をクリックするか、前述のように利用状況データを送信しないようにすることができます。
| 44.513514 | 320 | 0.820886 | yue_Hant | 0.40378 |
ed63fc9097dcfa4b917ab8b80559039f1fc1192c | 52 | md | Markdown | public/icons/README.md | darc-coder/watch-together | ceb0750a54f7c70e912d56bbc177e87cf42bce86 | [
"MIT"
] | 4 | 2021-09-04T07:54:53.000Z | 2022-02-10T13:47:37.000Z | public/icons/README.md | darc-coder/watch-together | ceb0750a54f7c70e912d56bbc177e87cf42bce86 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | public/icons/README.md | darc-coder/watch-together | ceb0750a54f7c70e912d56bbc177e87cf42bce86 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ### Transparent icons in png format, Many ununsed.
| 26 | 51 | 0.730769 | eng_Latn | 0.718567 |
ed6426aed813790515399693034269cb411b1d76 | 4,506 | md | Markdown | WindowsServerDocs/manage/windows-admin-center/extend/develop-gateway-plugin.md | dtbray/windowsserverdocs | 557b3eb87d2e714a0ca09340e8e388ccf5fe0282 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | WindowsServerDocs/manage/windows-admin-center/extend/develop-gateway-plugin.md | dtbray/windowsserverdocs | 557b3eb87d2e714a0ca09340e8e388ccf5fe0282 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | WindowsServerDocs/manage/windows-admin-center/extend/develop-gateway-plugin.md | dtbray/windowsserverdocs | 557b3eb87d2e714a0ca09340e8e388ccf5fe0282 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Develop a gateway plugin
description: Develop a gateway plugin Windows Admin Center SDK (Project Honolulu)
ms.technology: manage
ms.topic: article
author: nwashburn-ms
ms.author: niwashbu
ms.date: 06/18/2018
ms.localizationpriority: medium
ms.prod: windows-server-threshold
---
# Develop a gateway plugin
>Applies To: Windows Admin Center, Windows Admin Center Preview
The gateway service exposes REST APIs for the UI to call and relays commands and scripts to be executed on the target. The gateway service can be extended by gateway plugins that support different protocols. Windows Admin Center is pre-packaged with two gateway plugins, one for executing PowerShell scripts and the other for WMI commands. If you need to communicate with the target through a protocol other than PowerShell or WMI, such as REST, you can build a gateway plugin for this. Gateway plugins will be loaded into a separate AppDomain from the existing gateway process, but use the same level of elevation for rights.
> [!NOTE]
> Not familiar with the different extension types? Learn more about the [extensibility architecture and extension types](understand-extensions.md).
> [!IMPORTANT]
> The Windows Admin Center SDK is in public preview. **The gateway plugin functionality described in this document is still under active development, and is subject to change.**
## Developing a gateway plugin
There are two basic requirements for any code that will be hosted as a plugin:
1) It needs to inherit from MarshalByRefObject from the System namespace to allow marshalling across app domains.
2) It needs to implement the IFeature interface from the Microsoft.ManagementExperience.FeatureInterfaces namespace.
An example plugin can be found in the SampleFeature folder.
Once you have implemented your plugin, the next step is to get it loaded in the Gateway process. By default the Gateway process looks for all plugins in a "plugins" folder in the Application Data folder of the current machine (using the CommonApplicationData value of the Environment.SpecialFolder enumeration, on Windows 10 this correlates to: C:\ProgramData\Server Management Experience). You can override this behavior by updating the "StaticsFolder" configuration value. If you're debugging locally, this setting is in the App.Config of the Desktop solution. This override will only work if running a debug build.
Inside the plugins folder (C:\ProgramData\Server Management Experience\plugins), create a new folder who's name matches the Name property value of the Feature that you implemented. Inside the new folder, place your new Feature DLL, and restart the Windows Admin Center process. Once the process starts up again, you will be able to exercise the code by issuing a GET, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, or POST to http(s)://<domain / localhost>/api/nodes/{node}/features/{feature name}/{identifier}
## Testing a gateway plugin
In order to debug a plugin you will need to make sure the feature DLL has be copied to the appropriate "plugins" directory mentioned above. Start Visual Studio (2017), and then click the Debug menu and select "Attach to Process". In the next window, scroll through the Available Processes list and select SMEDesktop.exe, and then click "Attach". Once the debugger starts, you can place a breakpoint in your feature code and then exercise through the above URL format. For our Sample Feature (feature name: "Sample Uno") the URL is: "http://localhost:6516/api/nodes/fake-server.my.domain.com/features/Sample Uno".
## Publishing a gateway plugin
The process to publish a gateway plugin will be available in the future. At this point in time you will need to manually move the DLL as detailed above.
## Calling a gateway plugin from a tool extension
If you haven't already, follow these [step-by-step directions](developing-extensions.md) to create a new, empty project from the extension template.
Next, modify your to project make a call to the gateway plugin that was created in the previous step.
[Example code](https://github.com/Microsoft/windows-admin-center-sdk/tree/master/windows-admin-center-developer-tools/src/app/hello/dll-example) for calling a gateway plugin can be found in our [Developer Tools](https://github.com/Microsoft/windows-admin-center-sdk/tree/master/windows-admin-center-developer-tools) example on GitHub. Developer Tools is a sample extension containing a rich collection of sample functionality and tool examples that you can browse and use in your own extension.
| 83.444444 | 626 | 0.799157 | eng_Latn | 0.994382 |
ed647cfd724371e41df6da9ef6f9b6d02386f55b | 3,634 | md | Markdown | docs/cloud/survey-slide-decks.md | jerdog/gitpitch | 16603efa4b514688bdefba519bf9b52d4f4599dd | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/cloud/survey-slide-decks.md | jerdog/gitpitch | 16603efa4b514688bdefba519bf9b52d4f4599dd | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/cloud/survey-slide-decks.md | jerdog/gitpitch | 16603efa4b514688bdefba519bf9b52d4f4599dd | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Publish Survey Slide Decks
!> To unlock online publishing features for your slide decks [activate paid service](https://gitpitch.com/pricing).
Cloud surveys let you gather feedback from your audience. Using professional surveys embedded directly inside your slide deck.
- [JotForm Surveys](#jotform-surveys)
- [SurveyMonkey Surveys](#surveymonkey-surveys)
- [Google Forms Surveys](#google-forms-surveys)
### Publish 4.0
To publish a [4.0 slide deck](/whats-new-in-40.md) to the cloud you *must* activate the `gitpitch` setting in the [PITCHME.yaml](/conventions/pitchme-yaml.md) for your deck as shown here:
```yaml
gitpitch : 4.0
```
When activated as shown your slide deck can be published and shared in the cloud on **gitpitch.com**.
### JotForm Surveys
Powered by [JotForm](https://jotform.com). To activate a JotForm survey on any slide use a `---?survey=` slide delimiter. For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://form.jotform.me/81050187195456
```
?> JotForm survey links must begin with `https://form.jotform` as shown above. Urls created using url shortening services are not supported.
The *link* to your JotForm survey can be found within your JotForm dashboard under the *Publish* tab for your survey.
The `---?survey=` slide delimiter takes an optional `color` query parameter. It can be used to customize the color of the slide background visible around the survey form. For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://form.jotform.me/81050187195456&color=yellow
```
Where the *color* query parameter takes any valid [CSS Color Value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color_value).
### SurveyMonkey Surveys
Powered by [SurveyMonkey](https://www.surveymonkey.com). To activate a SurveyMonkey survey on any slide use a `---?survey=` slide delimiter. For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/B73FNQK
```
?> SurveyMonkey survey links must begin with `https://www.surveymonkey.com` as shown above. Urls created using url shortening services are not supported.
The *link* to your SurveyMonkey survey can be found within your SurveyMonkey dashboard under the *Collect Responses* tab for your survey. The `---?survey=` slide delimiter takes an optional `color` query parameter. It can be used to customize the color of the slide background visible around the survey form. For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/B73FNQK&color=yellow
```
Where the *color* query parameter takes any valid [CSS Color Value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color_value).
### Google Forms Surveys
Powered by [Google Forms](https://forms.google.com). To activate a Google Forms survey on any slide use a `---?survey=` slide delimiter . For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe/viewform
```
?> Google Forms survey links must begin with `https://docs.google.com` as shown above. Urls created using url shortening services are not supported.
The link to your Google Forms survey can be found within your Google Forms dashboard. Open your survey, then click the *Send* button. Within the pop-up window, click the *Send via* link option. Then copy and use the link displayed in your browser.
The `---?survey=` slide delimiter takes an optional `color` query parameter. It can be used to customize the color of the slide background visible around the survey form. For example:
```markdown
---?survey=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe/viewform&color=yellow
```
Where the *color* query parameter takes any valid [CSS Color Value](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color_value).
| 47.194805 | 321 | 0.758118 | eng_Latn | 0.911136 |
ed647d06fe78db0585a8fa2229391b39ab9e8a26 | 2,900 | md | Markdown | src/lib/components/Textarea/Textarea.examples.md | glcheetham/react-formik-ui | 0bd458c1c178af1e9dbdeb55479db8eb16500502 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | src/lib/components/Textarea/Textarea.examples.md | glcheetham/react-formik-ui | 0bd458c1c178af1e9dbdeb55479db8eb16500502 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | src/lib/components/Textarea/Textarea.examples.md | glcheetham/react-formik-ui | 0bd458c1c178af1e9dbdeb55479db8eb16500502 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ##### Default
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample1: ''
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample1'
label='Write a comment'
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
##### Structured
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample2: ''
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form structured>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample2'
label='Write a comment'
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
##### Themed
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample3: ''
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form themed>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample3'
label='Write a comment'
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
##### Themed with placeholder
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample3: ''
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form themed>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample3'
label='Write a comment'
placeholder='Write some text here'
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
##### Themed and disabled
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample3: ''
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form themed>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample3'
label='Write a comment'
disabled
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
##### Themed disabled with text
```jsx
import { Formik } from 'formik'
import { Form, Textarea } from 'react-formik-ui';
<Formik
initialValues={{
textAreaExample4: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.'
}}
onSubmit={data => (alert(JSON.stringify(data)))}
render={() => (
<Form themed>
<Textarea
name='textAreaExample4'
label='Write a comment'
disabled
/>
</Form>
)}
/>
```
| 20 | 615 | 0.611379 | eng_Latn | 0.256838 |
ed654b16dcafd377e5456840388aaa48717a9176 | 5,397 | md | Markdown | content/introduksi/1-etos.md | evilfactorylabs/handbook | 1cab3eb9d68900e94ebd7cc3d2bcbfd0066d0cac | [
"MIT"
] | 18 | 2020-02-08T04:17:50.000Z | 2021-04-10T15:13:04.000Z | content/introduksi/1-etos.md | evilfactorylabs/handbook | 1cab3eb9d68900e94ebd7cc3d2bcbfd0066d0cac | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-02-09T16:16:56.000Z | 2020-02-09T16:16:56.000Z | content/introduksi/1-etos.md | evilfactorylabs/handbook | 1cab3eb9d68900e94ebd7cc3d2bcbfd0066d0cac | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: 'Etos'
metaTitle: 'This is the title tag of this page'
metaDescription: 'This is the meta description'
---
etos /étos/ n pandangan hidup yang khas dari suatu golongan sosial;
— kebudayaan sifat, nilai, dan adat-istiadat khas yang memberi watak kepada kebudayaan suatu golongan sosial dalam masyarakat;
— kerja semangat kerja yang menjadi ciri khas dan keyakinan seseorang atau suatu kelompok
Iya, itulah arti etos menurut KBBI. Sebagai bocoran, kata EVIL di nama organisasi ini sebenarnya adalah bagian dari etos yang ingin di tanamkan. Yakni:
## E — Enlight
Mencerahkan.
Kita senang dengan hal-hal yang masih tabu; Seperti bermain dengan _bleeding-edge technology_, melawan status-quo, dan melakukan hal-hal yang kontroversial seperti hack satellite dengan smadav contohnya.
Meskipun kita gak tau hasilnya akan gimana, berhasil atau tidak.
Hey, ada yang tau kutipan dari Jeff Bezos pendiri indiemaret yang berbunyi _"It's not an experiment if you know it's going to work"_? Ada? Ada ya?
Nah, dari apa yang kita lakukan tersebut, kita bagikan dengan orang lain. Penting/gak penting, mudah/susah, perkenalan/pendalaman itu urusan belakangan. Yang gue yakini, segala sesuatu pasti bakal bermanfaat termasuk seekor nyamuk yang kerjaannya cuma ganggu manusia, tapi jadi makanan cicak.
Yang intinya, ya, berbagilah. Kamu berbagi 10rb ke orang yang gajinya 10 miliar per-bulan, mungkin kamu ngerasanya gak berguna, gak penting. Tapi beda cerita kalau kamu membagikannya kepada orang yang kurang beruntung, kepada anak jalanan misalnya. You got the point, right?
Dan gue belum tau cara lain untuk "mencerahkan" selain dengan berbagi.
## V — Valiant
Berani.
Masalah klasik di industri ini adalah minder; Malu, merasa enggak pantas, dsb. Karena kita dikelilingi oleh orang-orang hebat, yang ternama, dll sehingga muncul pemikiran _"emang gue sokap?"_.
Dan perasaan takut ini sebenarnya adalah jebakan
Itulah yang gue tau setelah ngobrol-ngobrol dengan _wannabe developers_, _new comers_, dsb termasuk dengan anggota maupun non-anggota.
Disini, kita bantu untuk bisa berani. Setidaknya pikiran "merasa enggak pantas" bisa hilang, gak usah malu untuk blabla, gak usah takut untuk blablabla. Dan blablabla lainnya.
Jangan mau keterampilanmu dibunuh oleh rasa takut.
Pendekatannya, kita gak pernah melihat latar belakang. Ya, [persetan latar belakangmu](https://faultable.dev/persetan-latar-belakangmu/). Selain itu, kita gak lihat tingkat pengalaman; Title-title seperti Junior, Senior, Principal, Suhu, Soho, sarjana, guru, gak berlaku disini.
Peng-kelas-kelas-an seperti itu menurut gue (atau menurut semua orang juga?) bukanlah sesuatu yang baik, bukanlah sesuatu yang sehat, dan gak ada keren-keren nya. Dan kamu jangan minder kalau kode mu masih acak-acakan, _problem solving_ mu masih kurang terasah, dsb.
Kamu akan belajar sambil berjalan.
Dan ya, kamu tidak akan memulai berjalan bila kamu untuk memulainya saja takut.
Persetan dengan ketakutan & keminderanmu, thank it & leave it.
## I — Inspire
Mempengaruhi.
Ini bukan di konteks negatif. Kita hidup di zaman dimana orang lain "cenderung" becermin kepada orang lain. Terima kasih kepada teknologi, sekarang untuk mendapatkan informasi semudah menggenggamkan tangan tanpa harus pergi ke Israel untuk mengetahui kondisi Yerusalem bagaimana.
Yang maksudnya, apa yang kamu lakukan bisa saja _mendorong orang lain_ juga untuk melakukan sesuatu, yang bahkan meskipun tidak saling mengenal & tidak pernah saling bertemu satu sama lain. Kondisi ini disebut [Bandwagon Effect](https://faultable.dev/dampak-show-off/), dan ini adalah sesuatu yang lumrah.
Misal, sebuah tindakan yang membuat orang lain bisa berpikir seperti *"jika dia aja yang seorang *newbie* berani untuk berbagi hal-hal sepele, mengapa saya yang tidak?"* atau seperti _"dia aja yang berkecukupan mau membantu orang lain, masa gue yang tajir melintir juragan bitcoin tidak?_.
Selagi untuk sesuatu yang positif, mengapa tidak?
Konteks disini adalah tentang Skill Gap, tentang bagaimana "kiprah" yang kita lakukan untuk mencoba membantu menjembatani "celah" yang ada antara industri dan tenaga kerja. Poin-poinnya sudah dibahas sedikit sebelumnya, dan bila ingin mengetahui cerita panjangnya, bisa [baca ini](https://evilfactorylabs.org/cerita).
Target audiens dalam "mempengeruhi" disini adalah kepada siapapun, namun dikhususkan untuk para pendatang baru yang sedang/ingin memasuki industri ini. Dan nilai ini _relate_ dengan nilai-nilai sebelumnya, alias, memang sudah dirancang secara sistematis dari E sampai L.
## L — Loop
Ulang.
Terus mencerahkan, terus berani, dan terus mempengaruhi. Bagaimanapun kehidupan selalu dipenuhi dengan sesuatu yang diulang-ulang, dan karena itulah kita bisa hidup sampai hari ini.
Jika sudah berhenti mencerahkan, berhenti berani, dan berhenti mempengaruhi; Seperti kegiatan bernafas yang selalu kita ulang setiap hari: kita akan mati.
Keberadaannya ada tapi seperti tidak ada.
Melakukan sesuatu yang sama terus menerus adalah hal yang membosankan, seperti kamu memakan menu yang sama setiap hari. Tapi beda cerita bila menu itu adalah kesukaanmu, dan ya, kamu tau harus melakukan apa ketika "rasa bosan" itu datang.
Intinya, terus ulangi. Terus tumbuh & berkembang. Terus cari sesuatu yang baru. Terus belajar. Dan jangan pernah merasa puas, meskipun manusia pada dasarnya tidak akan pernah merasa puas.
| 64.25 | 317 | 0.804892 | ind_Latn | 0.966451 |
ed66287aa89950e3745d198af7cfbb8167b0645c | 41 | md | Markdown | content/enterprise/_index.md | t0-network/t0.network | 197902cbdcd1b9961f1e15fa6987168404816fed | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | content/enterprise/_index.md | t0-network/t0.network | 197902cbdcd1b9961f1e15fa6987168404816fed | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | content/enterprise/_index.md | t0-network/t0.network | 197902cbdcd1b9961f1e15fa6987168404816fed | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: "Enterprise"
draft: false
---
| 8.2 | 19 | 0.609756 | eng_Latn | 0.716326 |
ed66472c24fcdf30be26537c23e6f3e9df9bbc2a | 330 | md | Markdown | README.md | JiangXuejian/iraf_install | d67e912f4bc45b5b75e47f733fb57196a9264db4 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2015-01-10T20:17:21.000Z | 2015-02-09T14:12:45.000Z | README.md | JiangXuejian/iraf_install | d67e912f4bc45b5b75e47f733fb57196a9264db4 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | JiangXuejian/iraf_install | d67e912f4bc45b5b75e47f733fb57196a9264db4 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | iraf_install script README
=================
It would be better if you have installed tcsh and downloaded iraf-linux.tar.gz before you run this script.
And this script will NOT create a new user iraf
ref:
http://astroleaks.lamost.org/?p=1563 (Chinese)
http://geco.phys.columbia.edu/~rubab/iraf/iraf_step_by_step_installation
| 27.5 | 107 | 0.751515 | eng_Latn | 0.806391 |
ed668562e0509cbfd6cf25763f954e691d7ab865 | 1,136 | markdown | Markdown | _posts/2020-02-13-programming_lifestyle.markdown | Karma1089/Karma1089.github.io | c8f600658dd25236df34aba6ca572738e407a48d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2020-02-13-programming_lifestyle.markdown | Karma1089/Karma1089.github.io | c8f600658dd25236df34aba6ca572738e407a48d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2020-02-13-programming_lifestyle.markdown | Karma1089/Karma1089.github.io | c8f600658dd25236df34aba6ca572738e407a48d | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
layout: post
title: "***Programming Lifestyle***"
date: 2020-02-13 11:44:32 -0500
permalink: programming_lifestyle
---
I'm so excited to be getting back to the thing that is what makes me who I am, programming. Lets start with how I got started.
Back in 2014 I got into a very exclusive program at Ust-Global Inc. called "Step It Up America". The reason why it was exclusive was the fact that over 300 indivisuales applied to get into the program when there were only 30 positions to fill. Not only did they teach you how to program utilizing Java programming laugage but alsonhired you at the end of you bootcamp. Out of the 30 women that got in only 28 graduated and became programmers which I was one of them. In my time there at Ust I grew to love the art of communicating with computers and building web pages. Unfortunitly through unforseen circumstances I was not able to continue with my passion and work in the healthcare feild as a home health aid to my mom and dad. But now with this oppertunity that I will not squander I will get to get back to what I love and step into the indistry that I belong in.
| 103.272727 | 870 | 0.772007 | eng_Latn | 0.999964 |
ed66bb66164a886305b42bc4fd1f77b8b675d226 | 7,937 | md | Markdown | README.md | mirkomorati/elaborato_OS_IPC | 4816ba1a59c29995cce51b8f89b279ed53efb674 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | mirkomorati/elaborato_OS_IPC | 4816ba1a59c29995cce51b8f89b279ed53efb674 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | mirkomorati/elaborato_OS_IPC | 4816ba1a59c29995cce51b8f89b279ed53efb674 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # elaborato_OS_IPC
## Comunicazione interprocesso
Elaborato per la parte di laboratorio del corso di Sistemi Operativi 2016/2017.
Autori:
- [Mirko Morati](https://github.com/mirkomorati)
- [Noè Murr](https://github.com/NoeMurr)
## Consegna
Si vuole realizzare un programma in C che utilizzi le system call (IPC), ove possibile, per implementare alcune operazioni su Matrici intere in maniera concorrente, distribuite su un certo numero di processi. Il progetto deve essere commentato in formato Doxygen, e corredato da uno script configurazione per tale tool e da uno script Makefile per la sua compilazione. Inoltre si devono allegare al progetto anche eventuali file di supporto.
Nel dettaglio: il programma dovrà calcolare la matrice quadrata C di ordine N risultante dal prodotto tra due matrici quadrate A e B di ordine N. Successivamente deve calcolare la somma degli elementi della matrice C. Alla fine dell’esecuzione la matrice C, dovrà essere memorizzata in un file. La somma degli elementi di C dovrà essere stampata a video. Queste operazioni dovranno essere svolte mediante la cooperazione tra P processi concorrenti.
Il programma dovrà prendere 5 parametri:
1. Il path del file contenente la matrice A.
2. Il path del file contenente la matrice B.
3. Il path del file in cui salvare la matrice C.
4. L’Ordine N (dimensione) delle due matrici.
5. Il numero P di processi concorrenti da utilizzare. E.g., ./calcola matA Matb MATc 6 4La matrice A è contenuta nel file matA, la matrice B è contenuta nel file Matb, le matrici sono di ordine 6 (matrici quadrate 6x6) e devono essere allocati 4 processi. La matrice C verrà salvata in MATc.
Il processo principale (PADRE) dovrà:
1. Leggere le matrici A e B dai file.
2. Memorizzare le due matrici in due aree di Memoria Condivisa.
3. Creare una terza area di Memoria Condivisa che conterrà la matrice C risultante della moltiplicazione tra matrici.
4. Creare una quarta area di Memoria Condivisa che conterrà il risultato della somma degli elementi di C: questa area di Memoria Condivisa dovrà contenere un unico intero.
5. Creare i P processi che coopereranno concorrentemente per svolgere la computazione, e creare ed inizializzare tutte le strutture di supporto quali: semafori, pipe, fifo, etc.
6. Coordinare i P processi figli per “distribuire” le operazioni da compiere.
a. Operazioni per calcolare la matrice C, prodotto di A e B.
b. Operazioni per calcolare la somma degli elementi di C.
7. Scrive su file la matrice C.
8. Stampa a video il valore della somma degli elementi di C.
Ogni processo figlio eseguirà una routine di questo tipo:
1. Attesa della ricezione di una richiesta di operazione da parte del padre
2. Ricezione dei dati e dell’operazione da eseguire, da parte del processo padre.
3. Esecuzione dell’operazione.
4. Scrittura del risultato nella corretta locazione di memoria condivisa.
5. Invio di un messaggio al padre per comunicare il completamento dell’operazione.
6. Attesa del comando successivo.
Ogni figlio ha due modalità di esecuzione:
1. Modalità “Moltiplicazione”:
Il padre richiede l’operazione di Moltiplicazione e manda al figlio due indici: i, j. Il figlio deve calcolare il valore dell’elemento i,j della matrice C. Il figlio dunque:
+ deve leggere la riga i-esima della matrice A;
+ deve leggere la colonna j-esima della matrice B;
+ effettuare le operazioni aritmetiche necessarie;
+ scrivere il risulato nella cella i,j della matrice C;
+ comunicare al padre se l’operazione è andata a buon fine.
2. Modalità “Somma”:
Il padre richiede l’operazione di Somma e comunica al figlio un indice k. Il figlio deve calcolare la somma della riga k-esima della matrice C, e sommarla al valore parziale della somma degli elementi di C. Il figlio dunque:
+ legge la riga k-esima di C;
+ somma gli elementi letti;
+ legge il valore parziale della somma degli elementi di C;
+ somma gli elementi della k-esima riga di C e la somma parziale degli elementi di C; - aggiorna il valore parziale degli elementi di C.
Il padre invierà i comandi ai figli mediante delle pipe.
Il padre riceverà le comunicazioni da parte di tutti figli mediate una singola coda di messaggi: tutti i processi invieranno le informazioni utilizzando questa coda di messaggi, il processo padre dovrà filtrarli per capire, per ogni messaggio, quale figlio si è liberato.
Il padre non potrà compiere __NESSUNA__ operazione aritmetica sulle matrici. Le uniche operazioni permesse sono quelle implementate dalle modalità “Moltiplicazione” e “Somma” dei processi figli. Il padre dovrà limitarsi a coordinare/schedulare le operazioni dei figli.
### Note
- Il formato dei file di input contenenti le matrici è libero.
- I “formati” di dati utilizzati nella comunicazione tra padre e figli (e viceversa), ossia il formato delle stringe passanti per la pipe e dei messaggi, sono libera scelta dello studente.
- La corretta sincronizzazione tra letture e scritture su aree di memoria condivisa deve essere garantita, dove necessario, utilizzando semafori.
- Alla fine dell’esecuzione, il padre libera tutte le risorse.
- Si aggiungano ai processi delle stampe a video per poter seguirne l'esecuzione.
- Per ogni chiamata ad una system call, si deve controllare che tale funzione abbia successo.
- I dettagli su come utilizzare la memoria condivisa o quanta allocarne, o quanti semafori, sono lasciati liberi.
- Quando i processi devono attendere, non devono fare attese attive: si devono bloccare.
- Ove possibile, si devono usare le system call al posto delle equivalenti chiamate a funzioni di libreria.
- Tutte le stampe a video, le letture e le scritture su file devono avvenire tramite system call (quindi ad esempio non si possono utilizzare printf, fprintf, scanf, fscanf, perror).
- Il programma deve gestire correttamente a prescindere dal numero N di processi (1, 2, uguale, minore o maggiore dell’ordine delle matrici).
- Il programma deve essere in grado di gestire matrici quadrate di qualsiasi Ordine.
### FACOLTATIVO: Implementazione mediante thread
Si implementi una SECONDA VERSIONE del programma che si avvalga di thread anziché processi per risolvere il medesimo problema.
In questo caso P non viene passato da linea di comando: il programma è libero di utilizzare liberamente le thread, oltre che di decidere dinamicamente il numero di thread da utilizzare.
Tutte le operazioni aritmetiche che utilizzano le matrici dovranno essere svolte da thread.
Nota:
Le thread saranno materia di esame orale. Dunque, per chi svolgerà la parte facoltativa, la parte di esame orale riguardante le thread si baserà principalmente sulla presentazione di questa.
A chi non svolgerà la parte facoltativa verrà chiesto di rispondere ad alcune domande in merito alle thread e di svolgere durante l’interrogazione alcuni esercizi che utilizzano le thread.
### FAQ
1. E’ possibile inserire il codice su file separati?
Questa decisione e' lasciata allo studente, che puo' scegliere il modo piu' opportuno. L'importante e' che il codice sia ben strutturato e leggibile.
2. Si possono usare funzioni quali la printf, fscanf, etc.?
No. L'elaborato richiede di usare le system call ove possibile, e tali funzioni sono rimpiazzabili tramite le system call open, write, etc. In generale, si cerchi di utilizzare il piu' possibile le system call. Invece, si possono usare funzioni quali la sprintf, perche' non ha una system call equivalente.
3. Alcune cose non sono ben specificate nell'elaborato. Cosa faccio?
Alcune cose non sono specificate apposta per lasciare liberta' agli studenti di implementarle come preferiscono. In caso di dubbi, si possono comunque contattare i docenti per eventuali chiarimenti.
4. Quale dei due stili presentati a lezione bisogna usare per il Makefile?
Lo studente può usare quello che preferisce.
N.B.: Tutto quanto non esplicitato in questo documento può essere implementato liberamente.
| 80.989796 | 448 | 0.795641 | ita_Latn | 0.999867 |
ed66e4d3bf095d7d9e69fc2e9e6255f8a3413a67 | 2,509 | md | Markdown | wdk-ddi-src/content/portcls/nf-portcls-pcregisteradapterpowermanagement.md | Acidburn0zzz/windows-driver-docs-ddi | c16b5cd6c3f59ca5f963ff86f3f0926e3b910231 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2018-11-06T01:28:38.000Z | 2018-11-06T01:28:38.000Z | wdk-ddi-src/content/portcls/nf-portcls-pcregisteradapterpowermanagement.md | Acidburn0zzz/windows-driver-docs-ddi | c16b5cd6c3f59ca5f963ff86f3f0926e3b910231 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | wdk-ddi-src/content/portcls/nf-portcls-pcregisteradapterpowermanagement.md | Acidburn0zzz/windows-driver-docs-ddi | c16b5cd6c3f59ca5f963ff86f3f0926e3b910231 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
UID: NF:portcls.PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement
title: PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement function
author: windows-driver-content
description: The PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement function registers the adapter's power-management interface with the PortCls system driver.
old-location: audio\pcregisteradapterpowermanagement.htm
tech.root: audio
ms.assetid: a9e2537d-4d67-4495-b391-55f885b7041a
ms.date: 05/08/2018
ms.keywords: PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement, PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement function [Audio Devices], audio.pcregisteradapterpowermanagement, audpc-routines_524bed01-a6ba-492c-9e18-7495de15be46.xml, portcls/PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement
ms.topic: function
req.header: portcls.h
req.include-header: Portcls.h
req.target-type: Universal
req.target-min-winverclnt: Available starting in Windows 2000.
req.target-min-winversvr:
req.kmdf-ver:
req.umdf-ver:
req.ddi-compliance:
req.unicode-ansi:
req.idl:
req.max-support:
req.namespace:
req.assembly:
req.type-library:
req.lib: Portcls.lib
req.dll:
req.irql: PASSIVE_LEVEL
topic_type:
- APIRef
- kbSyntax
api_type:
- LibDef
api_location:
- Portcls.lib
- Portcls.dll
api_name:
- PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement
product:
- Windows
targetos: Windows
req.typenames:
---
# PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement function
## -description
The <b>PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement</b> function registers the adapter's power-management interface with the PortCls system driver.
## -parameters
### -param Unknown
<p>Pointer to an adapter driver object's <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms680509(v=VS.85).aspx"><b>IUnknown</b></a> interface. The PortCls system driver queries this object for its <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/Ff536485(v=VS.85).aspx">IAdapterPowerManagement</a> interface.</p>
### -param pvContext1 [in]
Pointer to the adapter's <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/f697e0db-1db0-4a81-94d8-0ca079885480">functional device object (FDO)</a>. This parameter is a pointer to a system structure of type <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff543147">DEVICE_OBJECT</a> but is cast to type PVOID.
## -returns
<b>PcRegisterAdapterPowerManagement</b> returns STATUS_SUCCESS if the call was successful. Otherwise, it returns an appropriate error code.
## -see-also
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff543147">DEVICE_OBJECT</a>
<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff536485">IAdapterPowerManagement</a>
| 27.271739 | 308 | 0.791152 | eng_Latn | 0.301021 |
ed676bf1bcb6e25e07f75c855f9aab3bd68bc5ac | 3,343 | md | Markdown | _posts/2021-06-06-Operation-System-4-memoy.md | JeongJin984/jeongjin984.github.io | 83d27246fa89709cd08167e9f49da0b9dce4f132 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-07-14T03:45:21.000Z | 2021-07-14T03:45:21.000Z | _posts/2021-06-06-Operation-System-4-memoy.md | JeongJin984/jeongjin984.github.io | 83d27246fa89709cd08167e9f49da0b9dce4f132 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2021-06-06-Operation-System-4-memoy.md | JeongJin984/jeongjin984.github.io | 83d27246fa89709cd08167e9f49da0b9dce4f132 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-01-26T14:36:50.000Z | 2021-01-26T14:36:50.000Z | ---
title: Operation System 4 memory
author: Jiny
date: 2021-06-06 12:30:00 +0800
categories: [CS, OS]
tags: [cs, os, memory]
toc: false
---
# Operation System 4(메모리)
___
## 💿 **메모리**
> 메모리는 주소와 데이터로 구성
CPU가 원하는 데이터의 주소를 메모리에 보내주게 되면 CPU에게 해당하는 데이터를 보내준다. 또한 CPU에서 계산된 결과를 메모리의 특정 주소를 담아 명령을 보내면 메모리에 해당 주소에 데이터를 저장한다.
프로그램을 개발할 때는 여러 가지의 파일 형태로 개발을 하는데 소스 파일은 고수준언어 혹은 어셈블리로 개발된 파일을 말한다.
1. 소스파일은 컴파일러와 어셈블러에 의해 목적 파일로 전환된다.
- 목적파일은 소스 파일에 대한 컴파일 또는 어셈블 결과를 나타내는 파일로 기계어로 나타내 진다
2. 목적 파일을 링크가 실행파일로 바꾼다,
- 링크는 하드디스크에 들어가 있는 다양한 내장 함수(Library)들을 실행하기 위해 연결해 주는 과정
- 만들어진 실행 파일을 메모리에 적재하는 과정을 하는 것이 로더
3. 실행파일은 로더에 의해 적재되어 실행이 가능해 진다.
하나의 프로그램이 실행되기 위해서는 코드와 데이터, 스택 메모리를 가지고 있어야 한다.
- 코드: 앞서 작성한 파일들
- 데이터: 프로그램이 실행될 때 넣어 주어야 할 값
- 예를들어 큰 수를 나타내는 프로그램이라면 두 수를 입력하는 값이 데이터
- 스택: 함수를 호출 했을 때 돌아오는 주소와 지역변수를 저장하는 공간
### **MMU**
> 운영체재는 실행파일이 로더에 의해 메모리에 올려 질때 어디 부분에 올릴지를 결정한다.
- 다중 프로그램 환경에서 메모리에 프로그램을 넣어주고 다시 하드디스크로 보내주고 하는 과정을 모두 OS에서 담당
- 사실 고수준 언어를 작성할 때에는 주소를 사용하여 작성하지 않지만 목적 파일로 바뀌어 실행파일을 사용하면 주소의 값을 통해 코드를 이동하고 작동
- 따라서 메모리에 적재할때 적절한 메모리 위치에 프로그램을 넣지 않으면 문제가 발생할 수 있는데 이러한 문제를 해결하는 것이 MMU
MMU에는 재배치 레지스터가 존재하는데 이는 코드가 원하는 주소를 만들어주는 역할을 한다.
___
## 💿 **메모리 낭비 방지**
MMU는 프로그램이 동작할 때 필요한 데이터나 동작들을 메모리의 특정 주소 위치로부터 가지고 와야 하는데 이는 프로그램이 만들어질 때 마다 코드화 되어있다. 따라서 항상 같은 위치의 메모리 주소로 부터 데이터를 불러오게 된다.
하지만 메모리에 프로그램을 적재할 때 항상 같은 위치에 프로그램을 올릴 수는 없다. 이는 메모리 공간에서 빈공간을 찾아 프로그램을 올리기 때문에 **빈 공간 위치에 따라 주소가 달라지기 때문이다.**
이를 맞추어 조절해 주는 것이 MMU의 **재배치 레지스터**이다.
CPU에서 원하는 데이터 위치와 메모리상에 프로그램의 위치를 맞게 맞추어 준다. 여기서 CPU에서 MMU로 보내는 주소를 논리 주소라고 하고 MMU에서 메모리로 보내는 주소는 물리 주소라 한다.
### **동적 적재**
> 프로그램에 반드시 필요한 루틴/데이터만 적재하는 것
### **동적 연결**
> 여러 프로그램에 공통 사용되는 라이브러리를 관리하는 방법
- prinf()와 같은 C언어에서 사용하는 공통 라이브러리가 존재
- 라이브러리 루틴 연결을 실행 시까지 미루고 오직 하나의 라이브러리 루틴만 메모리에 적재해서 이 루틴과 연결을 하도록 하는 방법을 통해서 적용
### **swapping**
> 메모리에 적재되어 있으나 현재 사용되지 않고 있는 프로세스를 관리하는 역할
- swap out
- 메모리 활용도를 높이기 위해 Swapping을 이용하면 현재 사용되지 않는 프로세스를 Backing store로 몰아낸다.(Backing Store는 하드디스크의 일부분이다.)
- swap in
- 필요한 부분이 생기면 그 부분에 대해 메모리로 적재해서 올려주는 것
MMU의 재배치 레지스터로 적재 위치는 메모리의 빈공간 어디에도 적재가 가능하다.
하지만 프로세스가 너무 크면 Backing store 입출력에 따른 부담이 크다
__
## 💿 **연속 메모리 할당**
1. 처음에 부팅 직후에는 운영체제만 적재되어 있으므로 운영체제를 제외한 공간이 모두 비어 있게 된다. 그래서 big single hole이 생기게 된다.
2. 프로세스가 생성되고 종료되는 작업을 반복하며 컴퓨터가 동작하게 된다. 이 때는 프로세스들은 여러 위치의 메모리에 적재되기 때문에 scattered holes가 생성되게 된다.
프로세스가 순서대로 쌓이더라도 작업이 끝나는 순서는 정해져 있지 않고 다시 들어오는 프로세스와도 메모리 공간 차지 사이즈가 다르기 때문에 메모리의 빈 공간이 중간 중간에 계속 생김
이러한 hole들이 불연속하게 흩어져 있게 되어 메모리 단편화 현상이 발행
메모리의 빈공간은 많은데 사이즈가작은 빈 공간이 많아 다른 프로세스를 적재할 수 없는 외부 단편화 발생
- 외부단편화 : 구멍을 합치면 사용가능 한데, 구멍들의 크기가 작아 사용하기 곤란한 상황
- 내부단편화 : 메모리의 영역을 사용하고 남은 공간
외부 단편화를 없애는 방식으로 **연속 메모리 할당 방식**을 사용한다. 연속 메모리 할당 방식에도 3가지의 방법이 존재한다. 그리고 Compaction 까지도 사용하지만 문제가 생기기 때문에 Paging이 나오게 된다.
- 최초 적합(First-fit): 메모리를 순차적으로 탐색하여 제일 먼저 발견한 적절하게 들어갈 수 있는 곳을 찾아 프로세스를 적재하는 방법이다.
- 최적 적합(Best-fit): 메모리를 탐색하여 메모리 공간 중에서 제일 적절하게 들어갈 수 있는 곳을 찾아 프로세스를 적재하는 방법이다.
- 최악 적합(Worst-fit): 메모리에 넣는데 크기와 제일 안 맞는 공간(프로세스보다 큰 메모리 공간 중에서)에 프로세스를 넣는 방식이다.
- Compaction: hole 들을 한 곳으로 모으겠다는 방식
- 하지만 메모리를 계산해서 움직여야 하기 때문에 부담이 크다
| 29.069565 | 126 | 0.70356 | kor_Hang | 1.00001 |
ed67ce078716c5987a483fb328509bbe478eaac0 | 32 | md | Markdown | README.md | oltarasenko/qa-hq | 9e7e2bf1cc7855d96a9b727a276aaab199e7972f | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | oltarasenko/qa-hq | 9e7e2bf1cc7855d96a9b727a276aaab199e7972f | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | oltarasenko/qa-hq | 9e7e2bf1cc7855d96a9b727a276aaab199e7972f | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | # qa-hq
QA headquarters project
| 10.666667 | 23 | 0.78125 | eng_Latn | 0.991625 |
ed68455b7c6980ca427472b3009aadfac2abd1e5 | 112 | md | Markdown | README.md | PleaBanshee/Security-Playground-Frontend | d1785a9d7823c97891979c6d56b786950716dd77 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | PleaBanshee/Security-Playground-Frontend | d1785a9d7823c97891979c6d56b786950716dd77 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | PleaBanshee/Security-Playground-Frontend | d1785a9d7823c97891979c6d56b786950716dd77 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # security-client-exercise
For ZTM course - Security
Run in conjunction with security-server-exercise repo :)
| 18.666667 | 56 | 0.785714 | eng_Latn | 0.89165 |
ed6a774fc958d7a34ab4310ef0fcc195dbf27598 | 1,477 | md | Markdown | reference/docs-conceptual/dsc/reference/mof-classes/msft-dsclocalconfigurationmanager-removeconfiguration.md | educativ/powerShell-Docs.es-es | d177ed78c7dbe5d6b819d7403c60119c20b7a541 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2019-10-27T03:14:39.000Z | 2019-10-27T03:14:39.000Z | reference/docs-conceptual/dsc/reference/mof-classes/msft-dsclocalconfigurationmanager-removeconfiguration.md | educativ/powerShell-Docs.es-es | d177ed78c7dbe5d6b819d7403c60119c20b7a541 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | reference/docs-conceptual/dsc/reference/mof-classes/msft-dsclocalconfigurationmanager-removeconfiguration.md | educativ/powerShell-Docs.es-es | d177ed78c7dbe5d6b819d7403c60119c20b7a541 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
ms.date: 06/12/2017
keywords: dsc,powershell,configuration,setup
title: Método RemoveConfiguration
ms.openlocfilehash: aacbed96beb960d7e0d449423a4de9a27f0a287e
ms.sourcegitcommit: 18985d07ef024378c8590dc7a983099ff9225672
ms.translationtype: HT
ms.contentlocale: es-ES
ms.lasthandoff: 10/04/2019
ms.locfileid: "71953402"
---
# <a name="removeconfiguration-method"></a>Método RemoveConfiguration
Quita los archivos de configuración.
## <a name="syntax"></a>Sintaxis
```mof
uint32 RemoveConfiguration(
[in] uint32 Stage,
[in] boolean Force
);
```
## <a name="parameters"></a>Parámetros
*Stage* \[in\] Especifica qué documento de configuración quiere quitar. Los valores siguientes son válidos:
|Value |Descripción |
|:--- |:---|
|**1** | Documento de configuración **Current** (current.mof). |
|**2** | Documento de configuración **Pending** (pending.mof). |
|**4** | Documento de configuración **Previous** (previous.mof). |
*Force* \[in\] **true** para forzar la eliminación de la configuración.
## <a name="return-value"></a>Valor devuelto
Devuelve cero si se ejecuta correctamente; de lo contrario, devuelve un código de error.
## <a name="remarks"></a>Observaciones
Se trata de un método estático.
## <a name="requirements"></a>Requisitos
**MOF:** DscCore.mof
**Espacio de nombres**: Root\Microsoft\Windows\DesiredStateConfiguration
## <a name="see-also"></a>Vea también
[**MSFT_DSCLocalConfigurationManager**](msft-dsclocalconfigurationmanager.md)
| 27.351852 | 107 | 0.737305 | spa_Latn | 0.539621 |
ed6a797ea5e3a9ac9b549d630a948833dfc02bb2 | 4,573 | md | Markdown | articles/event-hubs/resource-manager-exceptions.md | youngick/azure-docs.ko-kr | b6bc928fc360216bb122e24e225a5b7b0ab51d7e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-03-12T23:37:18.000Z | 2021-03-12T23:37:18.000Z | articles/event-hubs/resource-manager-exceptions.md | zoonoo/azure-docs.ko-kr | 3ca44c0720204e9f9a6ef9fe2c73950aa17251c1 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | articles/event-hubs/resource-manager-exceptions.md | zoonoo/azure-docs.ko-kr | 3ca44c0720204e9f9a6ef9fe2c73950aa17251c1 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Azure Event Hubs-리소스 관리자 예외 | Microsoft Docs
description: Azure Resource Manager 및 제안 된 작업으로 표시 되는 Azure Event Hubs 예외 목록입니다.
ms.topic: article
ms.date: 06/23/2020
ms.openlocfilehash: cec24696d0d49ba408860f6562c34dd14876c311
ms.sourcegitcommit: 772eb9c6684dd4864e0ba507945a83e48b8c16f0
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: ko-KR
ms.lasthandoff: 03/19/2021
ms.locfileid: "91334211"
---
# <a name="azure-event-hubs---resource-manager-exceptions"></a>Azure Event Hubs-리소스 관리자 예외
이 문서에서는 Azure Resource Manager via 템플릿 또는 직접 호출을 사용 하 여 Azure Event Hubs와 상호 작용할 때 생성 되는 예외를 나열 합니다.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> 이 문서는 자주 업데이트 됩니다. 업데이트를 다시 확인 하세요.
다음 섹션에서는 Azure Resource Manager를 통해 표시 되는 다양 한 예외/오류를 제공 합니다.
## <a name="error-code-conflict"></a>오류 코드: 충돌
| 오류 코드 | 오류 하위 코드 | 오류 메시지 | Description | 권장 |
| ---------- | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | -------------- |
| 충돌 | 40300 | EventHub 형식의 최대 리소스 수에 도달 했거나이를 초과 했습니다. 실제: #, 허용 된 최대: # | 네임 스페이스가 포함할 수 있는 Event Hubs 수에 대 한 [할당량](event-hubs-quotas.md) 에 도달 했습니다. | 네임 스페이스에서 사용 되지 않거나 불필요 한 event hubs를 삭제 하거나 [전용 클러스터](event-hubs-dedicated-overview.md)로 업그레이드 하는 것이 좋습니다. |
| 충돌 | 없음 | 복제를 진행 중 이므로 DR (재해 복구) 구성을 삭제할 수 없습니다. DR 구성 삭제를 시도 하기 전에 페어링을 장애 조치 (failover) 하거나 중단 합니다. | [Geodr 복제가](event-hubs-geo-dr.md) 진행 중 이므로 지금은 구성을 삭제할 수 없습니다. | 구성 삭제를 차단 해제 하려면 복제가 완료 될 때까지 기다리거나 장애 조치 (failover)를 트리거하거나 GeoDR 페어링을 중단 합니다. |
| 충돌 | 없음 | 백 엔드에서 충돌 하 여 네임 스페이스를 업데이트 하지 못했습니다. | 이 네임 스페이스에서 현재 다른 작업을 수행 하 고 있습니다. | 현재 작업이 완료 될 때까지 기다렸다가 다시 시도 하세요. |
## <a name="error-code-429"></a>오류 코드: 429
| 오류 코드 | 오류 하위 코드 | 오류 메시지 | Description | 권장 |
| ---------- | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | -------------- |
| 429 | 없음 | 전환에서 네임 스페이스 프로 비전 | 이 네임 스페이스에서 현재 다른 작업을 수행 하 고 있습니다. | 현재 작업이 완료 될 때까지 기다렸다가 다시 시도 하세요. |
| 429 | 없음 | 재해 복구 작업을 진행 중입니다. | 현재이 네임 스페이스 또는 페어링에서 [Geodr](event-hubs-geo-dr.md) 작업을 수행 하 고 있습니다. | 현재 GeoDR 작업이 완료 될 때까지 기다렸다가 다시 시도 하세요. |
## <a name="error-code-badrequest"></a>오류 코드: BadRequest
| 오류 코드 | 오류 하위 코드 | 오류 메시지 | Description | 권장 |
| ---------- | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | -------------- |
| BadRequest | 40,000 | 이벤트 허브에 대 한 파티션 수를 변경할 수 없습니다. | Azure Event Hubs의 기본 또는 표준 계층은 파티션 변경을 지원 하지 않습니다. | 기본 또는 표준 계층 네임 스페이스에서 원하는 수의 파티션을 사용 하 여 새 이벤트 허브를 만듭니다. 파티션 확장은 [전용 클러스터](event-hubs-dedicated-overview.md)에 대해 지원 됩니다. |
| BadRequest | 40,000 | MessageRetentionInDays의 ' # ' 값은 기본 계층에 대해 유효 하지 않습니다. 값은 ' 1 ' 일을 초과할 수 없습니다. | 기본 계층 Event Hubs 네임 스페이스는 최대 1 일의 메시지 보존만 지원 합니다. | 하나 이상의 메시지 보존이 필요한 경우 [표준 Event Hubs 네임 스페이스를 만듭니다](event-hubs-create.md). |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 지정 된 이름을 사용할 수 없습니다. | 네임 스페이스 이름은 고유 해야 하며 지정 된 이름이 이미 사용 되었습니다. | 지정 된 이름을 사용 하 여 기존 네임 스페이스의 소유자 인 경우 데이터 손실을 초래 하는 삭제할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 같은 이름으로 다시 시도 합니다. 네임 스페이스를 삭제 하는 것이 안전 하지 않은 경우 (또는 소유자가 아닌 경우) 다른 네임 스페이스 이름을 선택 합니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 지정 된 구독이 네임 스페이스의 할당량에 도달 했습니다. | 구독이 보유할 수 있는 네임 스페이스 수에 대 한 [할당량](event-hubs-quotas.md) 에 도달 했습니다. | 이 구독에서 사용 하지 않는 네임 스페이스를 삭제 하거나 다른 구독을 만들거나 [전용 클러스터](event-hubs-dedicated-overview.md)로 업그레이드 하는 것이 좋습니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 보조 네임 스페이스를 업데이트할 수 없습니다. | 네임 스페이스는 [Geodr 페어링](event-hubs-geo-dr.md)의 보조 네임 스페이스 이므로 업데이트할 수 없습니다. | 해당 하는 경우이 페어링의 기본 네임 스페이스를 대신 변경 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 GeoDR 페어링을 중단 하 여 변경 합니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 기본 SKU에서 자동 확장을 설정할 수 없습니다. | 기본 계층 Event Hubs 네임 스페이스에서 자동 확장을 사용 하도록 설정할 수 없습니다. | 네임 스페이스에서 자동 확장을 [사용](event-hubs-auto-inflate.md) 하려면 표준 계층 인지 확인 합니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 용량이 부족 하 여 네임 스페이스를 만들 수 없습니다. Event Hubs 관리자에 게 문의 하십시오. | 선택한 지역이 용량에 있고 더 이상 네임 스페이스를 만들 수 없습니다. | 네임 스페이스를 저장할 다른 지역을 선택 합니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | ' Namespace name ' 네임 스페이스에서 ' Basic ' 계층을 사용 하 고 있으므로 엔터티 형식 ' ConsumerGroup '에 대 한 작업을 수행할 수 없습니다. | 기본 계층 Event Hubs 네임 스페이스에는 소비자 그룹 하나 (기본값)의 할당량 (quotas.md)이 있습니다. 추가 소비자 그룹을 만드는 것은 지원 되지 않습니다. | 기본 소비자 그룹 ($Default)을 계속 사용 하거나, 필요한 경우 표준 계층 Event Hubs 네임 스페이스를 대신 사용 하는 것이 좋습니다. |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 네임 스페이스 ' 네임 스페이스 이름 '이 없습니다. | 제공 된 네임 스페이스를 찾을 수 없습니다. | 네임 스페이스 이름이 올바르고 구독에서 찾을 수 있는지 확인 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 [Event Hubs 네임 스페이스를 만듭니다](event-hubs-create.md). |
| BadRequest | 없음 | 리소스의 location 속성이 포함 하는 네임 스페이스와 일치 하지 않습니다. | 특정 지역에 이벤트 허브를 만들지 못했습니다 .이는 네임 스페이스의 지역과 일치 하지 않기 때문입니다. | 네임 스페이스와 동일한 지역에 이벤트 허브를 만들어 보세요. |
## <a name="error-code-internal-server-error"></a>오류 코드: 내부 서버 오류
| 오류 코드 | 오류 하위 코드 | 오류 메시지 | Description | 권장 |
| ---------- | ------------- | ------------- | ----------- | -------------- |
| 내부 서버 오류 | 없음 | 내부 서버 오류. | Event Hubs 서비스에 내부 오류가 발생 했습니다. | 실패 한 작업을 다시 시도 합니다. 작업이 계속 실패 하면 지원 담당자에 게 문의 하세요. | | 83.145455 | 309 | 0.634376 | kor_Hang | 1.00001 |
ed6b942e85a0fc13dfaed7a58854d97763f9af9c | 385 | md | Markdown | README.md | syuchan1005/SchoolFestival2019 | d11fe36f5b4b728f73245cdc26997e81b74ef2f1 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | syuchan1005/SchoolFestival2019 | d11fe36f5b4b728f73245cdc26997e81b74ef2f1 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | README.md | syuchan1005/SchoolFestival2019 | d11fe36f5b4b728f73245cdc26997e81b74ef2f1 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # SchoolFestival2019
これはとある学校の文化祭用レジアプリです
> なお今年はLINEBotです
## 使い方
1. `.env.sample`と`config.sample.js`をそれぞれ`.env`, `config.js`にリネーム
2. `.env`と`config.js`を埋める
3. `npm install`
4. `npm run build`
5. `npm run start`
## 開発時
`npm run build` -> `npm run start`ではなく`npm run dev`で開発用サーバーが立ち上がります
## 注意事項
サーバーを再起動するとSessionがリセットされるため商品追加などの一時的な情報が削除されます
(注文やユーザーの団体名などはデータベースに保存しているので消えません)
| 20.263158 | 67 | 0.761039 | jpn_Jpan | 0.425031 |
ed6b97cb0a56e16517fd3edd12724c08a0fc43be | 216 | md | Markdown | dist/resources/README.md | caiocrd/politicaemfoco-ionic | 732ec51db45f14cfcbdd8c5881fed82e577cff2a | [
"MIT"
] | 772 | 2015-01-28T22:50:37.000Z | 2017-05-11T11:09:51.000Z | dist/resources/README.md | caiocrd/politicaemfoco-ionic | 732ec51db45f14cfcbdd8c5881fed82e577cff2a | [
"MIT"
] | 324 | 2015-01-28T22:52:17.000Z | 2017-05-07T23:46:15.000Z | dist/resources/README.md | caiocrd/politicaemfoco-ionic | 732ec51db45f14cfcbdd8c5881fed82e577cff2a | [
"MIT"
] | 324 | 2015-05-20T03:11:53.000Z | 2017-05-09T08:45:01.000Z | To generate your own splashscreen and icons you should modify `icon.png` and `splash.png` with your own design (keep the same size!) and run `ionic:resources` to generate custom icons and splash screens for your
app. | 108 | 211 | 0.787037 | eng_Latn | 0.996192 |
ed6bc5e2d0a64bd305862c6b26da6d7312d9ffab | 404 | md | Markdown | components/slider/demos/dynamicStep.md | matengfei131/kpc | 7e3423a4ddfaf8430900af35231744cc7b968b9f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | components/slider/demos/dynamicStep.md | matengfei131/kpc | 7e3423a4ddfaf8430900af35231744cc7b968b9f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | components/slider/demos/dynamicStep.md | matengfei131/kpc | 7e3423a4ddfaf8430900af35231744cc7b968b9f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: 动态步长
order: 1.1
---
动态步长是指，步长`step`不是固定不变的，而是定义在不同的取值区间，`step`取不同的步长值。
通过对象`Object`设置，此时`key`表示小于当前值时`step`的取值，其中`$`代表`Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY`
```vdt
import {Slider} from 'kpc/components/slider';
<Slider v-model="value1" min={0} max={500}
step={{
// 0~100 step: 10
'100': 10,
// 100~500 step: 50
'500': 50
}}
showTooltip
isShowStop
/>
```
| 16.833333 | 73 | 0.594059 | yue_Hant | 0.358328 |
ed6c44a6ddf9bb1d431a1510fe7bf17cdeae48e4 | 737 | md | Markdown | src/components/export-to-figma/readme.md | splitinfinities/htmltofigma | 4c682ef99fdf1fa05b27a5ad6fb0b33530b979d2 | [
"MIT"
] | 3 | 2020-03-03T16:03:28.000Z | 2021-12-13T12:52:28.000Z | src/components/export-to-figma/readme.md | splitinfinities/htmltofigma | 4c682ef99fdf1fa05b27a5ad6fb0b33530b979d2 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | src/components/export-to-figma/readme.md | splitinfinities/htmltofigma | 4c682ef99fdf1fa05b27a5ad6fb0b33530b979d2 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-07-17T12:42:24.000Z | 2021-07-17T12:42:24.000Z | # export-to-figma
<!-- Auto Generated Below -->
## Properties
| Property | Attribute | Description | Type | Default |
| --------- | --------- | ----------- | ------------- | ----------- |
| `element` | -- | | `HTMLElement` | `undefined` |
| `nokey` | `nokey` | | `boolean` | `false` |
## Dependencies
### Used by
- [example-no-shadow](../no-shadow)
- [example-with-shadow](../with-shadow)
### Graph
```mermaid
graph TD;
example-no-shadow --> export-to-figma
example-with-shadow --> export-to-figma
style export-to-figma fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px
```
----------------------------------------------
*Built with [StencilJS](https://stenciljs.com/)*
| 21.676471 | 69 | 0.484396 | eng_Latn | 0.399915 |
ed6cbd150bc13a001c5d7ed0c5c526e6b92f6afa | 1,751 | md | Markdown | README.md | virtualidentityag/angular-logex | 1087c6e3d8fa88dccad8030c23b7856c05c2a143 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2017-12-29T11:40:00.000Z | 2017-12-29T11:40:00.000Z | docs/bower_components/angular-logex/README.md | C0ZEN/21-days | 7bced95200d54a9606334eda3c37b538923e1818 | [
"MIT"
] | 57 | 2019-07-15T09:44:37.000Z | 2021-06-25T15:22:06.000Z | docs/bower_components/angular-logex/README.md | C0ZEN/21-days | 7bced95200d54a9606334eda3c37b538923e1818 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | AngularLogExtender
==================
[](https://travis-ci.org/lwhiteley/AngularLogExtender)
[](https://coveralls.io/github/ferronrsmith/AngularLogExtender?branch=master)
This is an extension of the Angular $log functionality.
It uses the native $decorator to push the $log pass its capabilities and provide new
functionality such as configuring the $log for different environments such as
production and development.
## How to Use
Please view our [wiki](https://github.com/lwhiteley/AngularLogExtender/wiki) for detailed documentation.
### Notes
You can include the module in your AngularJS Application and it does all the work immediately.
Methods native to the log extender are not publicly available in your AngularJs
Application so this extension can be used as a standalone plugin.
Advanced configurations can be done to make the $log service fit
your personal development style. Log methods are now colour coded by default.
### Install with bower
Now offers bower support.
`bower install --save angular-logex `
Add the script to your index.html:
```javascript
<script src="/bower_components/angular-logex/dist/log-ex-unobtrusive.js"></script>
```
## Credits
To view the blog this module was extended from and inspired by, go to
http://solutionoptimist.com/2013/10/07/enhance-angularjs-logging-using-decorators/
## Development
If you wish to contribute, Please read the `Develop.md` file.
Feel Free to make your own contributions to this module so we can make it better :)
====================
License: MIT | Made with :green_heart:
| 36.479167 | 186 | 0.772701 | eng_Latn | 0.959101 |
ed6cf57beaef9b067881517467455f582da549e0 | 3,403 | md | Markdown | docs/msbuild/onerror-element-msbuild.md | MicrosoftDocs/visualstudio-docs.it- | 3e6906339549f32b01960e19cd3400222dcc7b94 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 3 | 2018-03-29T21:12:32.000Z | 2022-03-26T11:56:08.000Z | docs/msbuild/onerror-element-msbuild.md | MicrosoftDocs/visualstudio-docs.it- | 3e6906339549f32b01960e19cd3400222dcc7b94 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 12 | 2018-03-07T15:43:33.000Z | 2021-03-29T15:28:34.000Z | docs/msbuild/onerror-element-msbuild.md | MicrosoftDocs/visualstudio-docs.it- | 3e6906339549f32b01960e19cd3400222dcc7b94 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 12 | 2017-11-26T08:17:38.000Z | 2021-10-09T11:24:07.000Z | ---
title: Elemento OnError (MSBuild) | Microsoft Docs
description: Informazioni su MSBuild usa l'elemento OnError per determinare l'esecuzione di una o più destinazioni, se l'attributo ContinueOnError è false per un'attività non riuscita.
ms.custom: SEO-VS-2020
ms.date: 03/13/2017
ms.topic: reference
f1_keywords:
- http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003#OnError
dev_langs:
- VB
- CSharp
- C++
- jsharp
helpviewer_keywords:
- OnError Element [MSBuild]
- <OnError Element [MSBuild]
ms.assetid: 765767d3-ecb7-4cd9-ba1e-d9468964dddc
author: ghogen
ms.author: ghogen
manager: jmartens
ms.technology: msbuild
ms.workload:
- multiple
ms.openlocfilehash: ba50100afaa5a3cebc5a3bc9d59f4e922b8da7b9
ms.sourcegitcommit: 68897da7d74c31ae1ebf5d47c7b5ddc9b108265b
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: it-IT
ms.lasthandoff: 08/13/2021
ms.locfileid: "122108460"
---
# <a name="onerror-element-msbuild"></a>Elemento OnError (MSBuild)
Fa in modo che vengano eseguite una o più destinazioni se l'attributo `ContinueOnError` è `false` per un'attività non riuscita.
\<Project> \<Target>
\<OnError>
## <a name="syntax"></a>Sintassi
```xml
<OnError ExecuteTargets="TargetName"
Condition="'String A'=='String B'" />
```
## <a name="attributes-and-elements"></a>Attributi ed elementi
Nelle sezioni seguenti vengono descritti gli attributi, gli elementi figlio e gli elementi padre.
### <a name="attributes"></a>Attributi
|Attributo|Descrizione|
|---------------|-----------------|
|`Condition`|Attributo facoltativo.<br /><br /> Condizione da valutare. Per altre informazioni, vedere [Condizioni](../msbuild/msbuild-conditions.md).|
|`ExecuteTargets`|Attributo obbligatorio.<br /><br /> Le destinazioni da eseguire se un'attività non riesce. Se si specificano più destinazioni, separarle con punto e virgola. Le destinazioni vengono eseguite nell'ordine specificato.|
### <a name="child-elements"></a>Elementi figlio
Nessuno.
### <a name="parent-elements"></a>Elementi padre
| Elemento | Descrizione |
| - | - |
| [Destinazione](../msbuild/target-element-msbuild.md) | Elemento Container per MSBuild attività. |
## <a name="remarks"></a>Commenti
MSBuild esegue l'elemento se una delle attività dell'elemento ha esito negativo con `OnError` `Target` `ContinueOnError` l'attributo impostato su `ErrorAndStop` (o `false` ). Quando l'attività ha esito negativo, vengono eseguite le destinazioni specificate nell'attributo `ExecuteTargets`. Se la destinazione include più di un elemento `OnError`, gli elementi `OnError` vengono eseguiti in sequenza quando l'attività ha esito negativo.
Per altre informazioni sull'attributo `ContinueOnError`, vedere [Elemento Task (MSBuild)](../msbuild/task-element-msbuild.md). Per informazioni sulle destinazioni, vedere [Destinazioni](../msbuild/msbuild-targets.md).
## <a name="example"></a>Esempio
Il codice seguente esegue le attività `TaskOne` e `TaskTwo`. Se `TaskOne` ha esito negativo, MSBuild valuta `OnError` l'elemento ed esegue la `OtherTarget` destinazione.
```xml
<Target Name="ThisTarget">
<TaskOne ContinueOnError="ErrorAndStop">
</TaskOne>
<TaskTwo>
</TaskTwo>
<OnError ExecuteTargets="OtherTarget" />
</Target>
```
## <a name="see-also"></a>Vedi anche
- [Project riferimento allo schema del file](../msbuild/msbuild-project-file-schema-reference.md)
- [Server di destinazione](../msbuild/msbuild-targets.md)
| 37.811111 | 436 | 0.749045 | ita_Latn | 0.900242 |
ed6d287e6f5243309d2086e4356b0733bb9f3e8a | 12,217 | md | Markdown | articles/sql-database/saas-tenancy-schema-management.md | changeworld/azure-docs.pl-pl | f97283ce868106fdb5236557ef827e56b43d803e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | articles/sql-database/saas-tenancy-schema-management.md | changeworld/azure-docs.pl-pl | f97283ce868106fdb5236557ef827e56b43d803e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | articles/sql-database/saas-tenancy-schema-management.md | changeworld/azure-docs.pl-pl | f97283ce868106fdb5236557ef827e56b43d803e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: Zarządzanie schematem w aplikacji z jedną dzierżawą
description: Zarządzanie schematem dla wielu dzierżawców w aplikacji z jedną dzierżawą, która korzysta z bazy danych SQL Azure
services: sql-database
ms.service: sql-database
ms.subservice: scenario
ms.custom: ''
ms.devlang: ''
ms.topic: conceptual
author: stevestein
ms.author: sstein
ms.reviewer: billgib
ms.date: 09/19/2018
ms.openlocfilehash: b6802d97b964b8863f6c2fce0cebfe16782b46fe
ms.sourcegitcommit: 2ec4b3d0bad7dc0071400c2a2264399e4fe34897
ms.translationtype: MT
ms.contentlocale: pl-PL
ms.lasthandoff: 03/28/2020
ms.locfileid: "79269213"
---
# <a name="manage-schema-in-a-saas-application-using-the-database-per-tenant-pattern-with-azure-sql-database"></a>Zarządzanie schematem w aplikacji SaaS przy użyciu wzorca bazy danych na dzierżawę za pomocą usługi Azure SQL Database
W miarę rozwoju aplikacji bazy danych zmiany należy nieuchronnie wywłyć do schematu bazy danych lub danych referencyjnych. Okresowo potrzebne są również zadania konserwacji bazy danych. Zarządzanie aplikacją, która używa bazy danych na wzorzec dzierżawy wymaga zastosowania tych zmian lub zadań konserwacji we flocie baz danych dzierżawy.
W tym samouczku przedstawiono dwa scenariusze — wdrażanie aktualizacji danych referencyjnych dla wszystkich dzierżawców i odbudowanie indeksu w tabeli zawierającej dane referencyjne. Funkcja [Zadania elastyczne](elastic-jobs-overview.md) jest używana do wykonywania tych akcji we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy i w bazie danych szablonów używanej do tworzenia nowych baz danych dzierżawy.
Ten samouczek zawiera informacje na temat wykonywania następujących czynności:
> [!div class="checklist"]
>
> * Tworzenie agenta zadania
> * Przyczyna uruchamiania zadań T-SQL we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy
> * Aktualizowanie danych referencyjnych we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy
> * Tworzenie indeksu tabeli we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżaw
Do wykonania zadań opisanych w tym samouczku niezbędne jest spełnienie następujących wymagań wstępnych:
* Wdrożono aplikację Bazy danych SaaS na dzierżawę Wingtip Tickets. Aby wdrożyć w mniej niż pięć minut, zobacz [Wdrażanie i eksplorowanie bazy danych SaaS biletów Wingtip na aplikację dzierżawy](saas-dbpertenant-get-started-deploy.md)
* Zainstalowany jest program Azure PowerShell. Aby uzyskać szczegółowe informacje, zobacz [Rozpoczynanie pracy z programem Azure PowerShell](https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/azure/get-started-azureps)
* Zainstalowano najnowszą wersję programu SSMS (SQL Server Management Studio). [Pobieranie i instalowanie systemu SSMS](https://docs.microsoft.com/sql/ssms/download-sql-server-management-studio-ssms)
> [!NOTE]
> Ten samouczek zakłada użycie funkcji usługi SQL Database, które znajdują się w ograniczonej wersji zapoznawczej (zadania Elastic Database). Jeśli chcesz wykonać ten samouczek, podaj identyfikator subskrypcji [email protected] z subject=Elastic Jobs Preview. Po otrzymaniu potwierdzenia, że Twoja subskrypcja została włączona, [pobierz i zainstaluj najnowsze polecenia cmdlet zadań w wersji wstępnej](https://github.com/jaredmoo/azure-powershell/releases). Ta wersja zapoznawcza [email protected] jest ograniczona, więc skontaktuj się z powiązanymi pytaniami lub pomocą techniczną.
## <a name="introduction-to-saas-schema-management-patterns"></a>Wprowadzenie do wzorców zarządzania schematami SaaS
Baza danych na wzorzec dzierżawy skutecznie izoluje dane dzierżawy, ale zwiększa liczbę baz danych do zarządzania i obsługi. [Zadania elastyczne](elastic-jobs-overview.md) ułatwia administrowanie i zarządzanie bazami danych SQL. Zadania umożliwiają bezpieczne i niezawodne uruchamianie zadań (skrypty T-SQL) względem grupy baz danych. Zadania można wdrożyć schemat i typowe zmiany danych referencyjnych we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy w aplikacji. Zadania elastyczne mogą być również używane do obsługi bazy danych *szablonów* używanej do tworzenia nowych dzierżaw, zapewniając, że zawsze ma najnowsze dane schematu i odwołania.
## <a name="elastic-jobs-limited-preview"></a>Ograniczona wersja zapoznawcza Zadań elastycznych
Istnieje nowa wersja zadań elastycznych, która jest teraz zintegrowaną funkcją usługi Azure SQL Database. Nowa wersja Zadań elastycznych jest obecnie dostępna w ograniczonej wersji zapoznawczej. Ta ograniczona wersja zapoznawcza obsługuje obecnie tworzenie agenta zadań przy użyciu programu PowerShell, a także funkcję T-SQL do tworzenia zadań i zarządzania nimi.
> [!NOTE]
> Ten samouczek zakłada użycie funkcji usługi SQL Database, które znajdują się w ograniczonej wersji zapoznawczej (zadania Elastic Database). Jeśli chcesz wykonać ten samouczek, podaj identyfikator subskrypcji [email protected] z subject=Elastic Jobs Preview. Po otrzymaniu potwierdzenia, że Twoja subskrypcja została włączona, [pobierz i zainstaluj najnowsze polecenia cmdlet zadań w wersji wstępnej](https://github.com/jaredmoo/azure-powershell/releases). Ta wersja zapoznawcza [email protected] jest ograniczona, więc skontaktuj się z powiązanymi pytaniami lub pomocą techniczną.
## <a name="get-the-wingtip-tickets-saas-database-per-tenant-application-scripts"></a>Pobierz bazę danych SaaS Wingtip Tickets na skrypty aplikacji dzierżawcy
Kod źródłowy aplikacji i skrypty zarządzania są dostępne w repozytorium [WingtipTicketsSaaS-DbPerTenant](https://github.com/Microsoft/WingtipTicketsSaaS-DbPerTenant) GitHub. Zapoznaj się z [ogólnymi wskazówkami dotyczącymi](saas-tenancy-wingtip-app-guidance-tips.md) pobierania i odblokowywania skryptów SaaS biletów Wingtip.
## <a name="create-a-job-agent-database-and-new-job-agent"></a>Tworzenie bazy danych agenta zadań i nowego agenta zadania
Ten samouczek wymaga użycia programu PowerShell do utworzenia agenta zadań i jego zapasowej bazy danych agenta zadań. Baza danych agenta zadań zawiera definicje zadań, stan zadania i historię. Po utworzeniu agenta zadania i jego bazy danych można natychmiast tworzyć i monitorować zadania.
1. **W programie PowerShell ISE**otwórz ... \\Moduły\\szkoleniowe\\Zarządzanie schematem*Demo-SchemaManagement.ps1*.
1. Naciśnij klawisz **F5**, aby uruchomić skrypt.
Skrypt *Demo-SchemaManagement.ps1* wywołuje skrypt *Deploy-SchemaManagement.ps1* w celu utworzenia bazy danych SQL o nazwie *osagent* na serwerze katalogu. Następnie tworzy agenta zadania, używając bazy danych jako parametru.
## <a name="create-a-job-to-deploy-new-reference-data-to-all-tenants"></a>Tworzenie zadania służącego do wdrożenia nowych danych referencyjnych we wszystkich dzierżawach
W aplikacji Bilety Wingtip każda baza danych dzierżawy zawiera zestaw obsługiwanych typów miejsc. Każde miejsce ma określony typ miejsca, który definiuje rodzaj zdarzeń, które mogą być hostowane i określa obraz tła używany w aplikacji. Aby aplikacja obsługiwała nowe rodzaje zdarzeń, te dane referencyjne muszą zostać zaktualizowane i dodane nowe typy miejsc. W tym ćwiczeniu wdrożysz i uaktualnisz wszystkie bazy danych dzierżaw w celu dodania dwóch dodatkowych typów miejsc: *Motorcycle Racing* i *Swimming Club*.
Najpierw przejrzyj typy miejsc zawarte w każdej bazie danych dzierżawy. Połącz się z jedną z baz danych dzierżawy w programie SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) i sprawdź tabelę VenueTypes. Można również kwerendy tej tabeli w edytorze zapytań w witrynie Azure portal, dostępne ze strony bazy danych.
1. Otwórz usługę SSMS i połącz się z serwerem dzierżawy: *tenants1-dpt-<user>.database.windows.net*
1. Aby potwierdzić, że *Wyścigi motocyklowe* i *Klub Pływacki* **nie są** obecnie uwzględnione, przejdź do bazy danych _contosoconcerthall_ na serwerze *użytkownika<> tenants1-dpt-* i prześp tabelę *VenueTypes.*
Teraz utwórzmy zadanie, aby zaktualizować *VenueTypes* tabeli we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy, aby dodać nowe typy miejsc.
Aby utworzyć nowe zadanie, należy użyć zestawu procedur przechowywanych systemu zadań utworzonych w bazie danych _jobagent_ podczas tworzenia agenta zadania.
1. W systemie SSMS połącz się z serwerem katalogu: *catalog-dpt-<>user .database.windows.net* server
1. W SSMS otwórz plik ... \\Moduły\\szkoleniowe\\Wdrażanie zarządzania schematem.sql
1. Zmodyfikuj <> instrukcję: SET @wtpUser = użytkownik i zastąp wartość Użytkownika używaną podczas wdrażania aplikacji Bazy danych SaaS Wingtip na dzierżawę
1. Upewnij się, że masz połączenie z bazą danych _jobagent_ i naciśnij **klawisz F5,** aby uruchomić skrypt
Obserwuj następujące elementy w skrypcie *DeployReferenceData.sql:*
* **sp\_\_dodaj\_grupę docelową** tworzy nazwę grupy docelowej DemoServerGroup.
* **sp\_\_add\_\_element członkowski grupy docelowej** służy do definiowania zestawu docelowych baz danych. Najpierw jest dodawany serwer _<użytkownika> tenants1-dpt- user._ Dodanie serwera jako obiektu docelowego powoduje, że bazy danych na tym serwerze w momencie wykonywania zadania mają zostać uwzględnione w zadaniu. Następnie _basetenantdb_ bazy danych i bazy danych *adhocreporting* (używane w późniejszym samouczku) są dodawane jako obiekty docelowe.
* **sp\_\_add zadanie** tworzy zadanie o nazwie _Reference Data Deployment_.
* **sp\_\_add jobstep** tworzy krok zadania zawierający tekst polecenia T-SQL, aby zaktualizować tabelę odwołań, VenueTypes.
* Pozostałe widoki w skrypcie dotyczą istnienia obiektów i monitorowania wykonania zadań. Użyj tych kwerend, aby przejrzeć wartość stanu w kolumnie **cyklu życia,** aby określić, kiedy zadanie zostało zakończone we wszystkich docelowych bazach danych.
Po zakończeniu skryptu można sprawdzić, czy dane referencyjne zostały zaktualizowane. W programie SSMS przejdź do bazy danych *contosoconcerthall* na serwerze *użytkownika<> tenants1-dpt-* i przekonuj tabelę *VenueTypes.* Sprawdź, czy *wyścigi motocyklowe* i *klub pływacki* **są** już obecne.
## <a name="create-a-job-to-manage-the-reference-table-index"></a>Tworzenie zadania do zarządzania indeksem tabeli referencyjnej
To ćwiczenie używa zadania do odbudowania indeksu w kluczu podstawowym tabeli odwołań. Jest to typowa operacja konserwacji bazy danych, która może być wykonana po załadowaniu dużych ilości danych.
Utwórz zadanie, używając tych samych procedur składowanych „system”.
1. Otwórz SSMS i połącz się z _serwerem .database.windows.net<catalog-dpt- user>_
1. Otwórz plik _... Moduły\\szkoleniowe\\Zarządzanie schematami OnlineReindex.sql \\_
1. Kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy, wybierz pozycję Połączenie i połącz się z _<serwerem .database.windows.net użytkownika>catalog-dpt,_ jeśli nie jest już podłączony
1. Upewnij się, że masz połączenie z bazą danych _jobagent_ i naciśnij **klawisz F5,** aby uruchomić skrypt
Należy przestrzegać następujących elementów w skrypcie _OnlineReindex.sql:_
* **sp\_\_dodać zadanie** tworzy nowe zadanie o nazwie\_\_"Online\_Reindex PK VenueTyp\_265E44FD7FD4C885"
* **sp\_\_add jobstep** tworzy krok zadania zawierający tekst polecenia T-SQL w celu zaktualizowania indeksu
* Pozostałe widoki w wykonaniu zadania monitora skryptu. Użyj tych kwerend, aby przejrzeć wartość stanu w kolumnie **cyklu życia,** aby określić, kiedy zadanie zostało pomyślnie zakończone na wszystkich członków grupy docelowej.
## <a name="next-steps"></a>Następne kroki
W niniejszym samouczku zawarto informacje na temat wykonywania następujących czynności:
> [!div class="checklist"]
>
> * Tworzenie agenta zadań w celu uruchamiania w wielu bazach danych w zadaniach T-SQL
> * Aktualizowanie danych referencyjnych we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżawy
> * Tworzenie indeksu tabeli we wszystkich bazach danych dzierżaw
Następnie spróbuj [samouczek raportowania ad hoc,](saas-tenancy-cross-tenant-reporting.md) aby zbadać uruchamianie zapytań rozproszonych w bazach danych dzierżawy.
## <a name="additional-resources"></a>Zasoby dodatkowe
* [Dodatkowe samouczki, które opierają się na wdrożeniu aplikacji bazy danych SaaS Wingtip na dzierżawę](saas-dbpertenant-wingtip-app-overview.md#sql-database-wingtip-saas-tutorials)
* [Zarządzanie skalowaną w poziomie bazą danych w chmurze](elastic-jobs-overview.md) | 90.496296 | 634 | 0.817467 | pol_Latn | 0.999856 |
ed6d334e7014f00c287626514886dc94e1da1196 | 2,142 | md | Markdown | README.md | pepebecker/pinyin-messenger | 899646309d5e74a02ab847065dea2562ecee0056 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2017-11-22T21:30:32.000Z | 2017-11-22T21:30:32.000Z | README.md | pepebecker/pinyin-messenger | 899646309d5e74a02ab847065dea2562ecee0056 | [
"MIT"
] | 2 | 2018-01-24T00:02:25.000Z | 2018-01-24T00:10:01.000Z | README.md | pepebecker/pinyin-messenger | 899646309d5e74a02ab847065dea2562ecee0056 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # Pinyin Messenger
[](https://david-dm.org/pepebecker/pinyin-messenger)
[](https://david-dm.org/pepebecker/pinyin-messenger#info=devDependencies)
[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
[](https://gitter.im/pepebecker)
## [Live on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/pinyinmessenger/)
## Usage
On Facebook, in the lower right search bar, search for pinyinbot and send him some Chinese text. He will reply with the same text in the phonic language called Pinyin. For example, if you send `我喜欢吃面条`, he would reply with `wǒ xǐ huān chī miàn tiáo`.
## Related
- [`pinyin-utils`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-utils)
- [`pinyin-split`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-split)
- [`find-hanzi`](https://github.com/pepebecker/find-hanzi)
- [`hsk-words`](https://github.com/pepebecker/hsk-words)
- [`cedict`](https://github.com/pepebecker/cedict)
- [`mdbg`](https://github.com/pepebecker/mdbg)
- [`pinyin-or-hanzi`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-or-hanzi)
- [`hanzi-to-pinyin`](https://github.com/pepebecker/hanzi-to-pinyin)
- [`pinyin-convert`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-convert)
- [`pinyin-rest`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-rest)
- [`pinyin-api`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-api)
- [`pinyin-bot-core`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-bot-core)
- [`pinyin-telegram`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-telegram)
- [`pinyin-line`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-line)
- [`pinyin-chrome`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-chrome)
- [`pinyin-cli`](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-cli)
- [`hanzi-cli`](https://github.com/pepebecker/hanzi-cli)
## Contributing
If you **have a question**, **found a bug** or want to **propose a feature**, have a look at [the issues page](https://github.com/pepebecker/pinyin-messenger/issues). | 56.368421 | 250 | 0.738562 | yue_Hant | 0.382042 |
ed6dc1ebfb6a9d4caaa11f324c0fe8c46d2fad0e | 2,544 | md | Markdown | _posts/BOJ/2021-4-22-2075_N번째 큰 수.md | ddb8036631/ddb8036631.github.io | fe1d93d2f3816ab04f6953e54d943477dabcb11f | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-02-23T00:42:21.000Z | 2021-02-23T00:42:21.000Z | _posts/BOJ/2021-4-22-2075_N번째 큰 수.md | ddb8036631/ddb8036631.github.io | fe1d93d2f3816ab04f6953e54d943477dabcb11f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/BOJ/2021-4-22-2075_N번째 큰 수.md | ddb8036631/ddb8036631.github.io | fe1d93d2f3816ab04f6953e54d943477dabcb11f | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: "[백준] 2075. N번째 큰 수"
date: 2021-4-22 13:00:00 +0900
categories:
- boj
toc: true
classes: wide
use_math: true
---
# 문제 링크
> [[백준] 2075. N번째 큰 수](https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/2075)
<br>
# 풀이 과정
<details>
<summary>다음은 $N^{2}$개의 수를 <b>내림차순으로 정렬</b>한 후, $N-1$ 번째 수를 출력한 방법입니다.</summary>
<div markdown="1">
```java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
StringTokenizer st;
int N = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
list.add(Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken()));
}
}
list.sort((a, b) -> b - a);
System.out.println(list.get(N - 1));
}
}
```
- 문제의 메모리 제한은 **12MB** 입니다. $12B*10^{6}=12,000,000B$
- N이 최대 **1500**까지 가능하므로, 리스트는 최대 $N^{2} * 4B=1500^{2} * 4B=2,250,000*4B=9,000,000B$ 를 차지할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 메모리 제한에 걸리지 않고 풀 수 있습니다.
</div>
</details>
<br>
알고리즘은 다음과 같습니다.
- Min-heap 에 N개 만큼의 숫자만 보관합니다.
- Min-heap 의 최소값보다 큰 값이면 넣어주고, 작거나 같은 값이면 넣지 않습니다. 넣었을 때 Min-heap 의 최대 개수 N을 초과한다면, 제일 작은 값을 빼줍니다.
- $N^2$ 개의 모든 숫자를 다 체크했다면, Min-heap 의 최소값을 출력해줍니다.
<br>
# 코드
```java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
StringTokenizer st;
int N = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a - b);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
int num = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
if (minHeap.isEmpty()) minHeap.add(num);
else {
if (num <= minHeap.peek()) continue;
minHeap.add(num);
if (minHeap.size() == N + 1) minHeap.poll();
}
}
}
System.out.println(minHeap.peek());
}
}
``` | 24.228571 | 128 | 0.579796 | kor_Hang | 0.981719 |
ed6dde770d5db970244071c8e931e0e3fb2c2ca5 | 1,347 | md | Markdown | README.md | Non-Contradiction/NextGeneration | 79212566dbc07ff9466c541a6c8a0d6092deac1a | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | 3 | 2017-11-10T02:56:56.000Z | 2018-05-07T02:04:02.000Z | README.md | Non-Contradiction/NextGeneration | 79212566dbc07ff9466c541a6c8a0d6092deac1a | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | README.md | Non-Contradiction/NextGeneration | 79212566dbc07ff9466c541a6c8a0d6092deac1a | [
"Apache-2.0"
] | null | null | null | # README #
### What is this repository for? ###
The goal of this project is to create higher order abstractions on the base of ANN.
When come to higher order abstractions, the key concept is rule. For example, we use mathematica rules to carry out our computations, follow the programming rules to write programs, and use grammar rules to organize our thoughts into languages. And the core concept of the rule is axioms. And what are rules about? The rules are about functions of the objects. So we can see that the nature of abstractions is: objects, functions, and rules. Coming back to the mathematica example, numbers are objects, plus and minus are functions, and rules are about how to carry out the functions on the objects.
And then we can come back to our ANN, to use ANN to represent higher order abstractions, we could use layers of artificial neurons to represent objects, matrices and transformations to represent functions, and we can use back-propagation to train our rules. This is the idea of the project.
### How do I get set up? ###
To run this program, you have to have Julia 0.5. No other dependencies are required.
### Contribution guidelines ###
* Writing tests
* Code review
* Other guidelines
### Who do I talk to? ###
If you have any questions about the project, don't hesitate and email to [email protected]. | 58.565217 | 599 | 0.769859 | eng_Latn | 0.999651 |
ed6e069c8bb65d3f809f91801ce3bcf8369b0b32 | 260 | md | Markdown | _posts/2017-07-17-webrtc-scr.md | pipiscrew/pipiscrew.github.io | 9d81bd323c800a1bff2b6d26c3ec3eb96fb41004 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2017-07-17-webrtc-scr.md | pipiscrew/pipiscrew.github.io | 9d81bd323c800a1bff2b6d26c3ec3eb96fb41004 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2017-07-17-webrtc-scr.md | pipiscrew/pipiscrew.github.io | 9d81bd323c800a1bff2b6d26c3ec3eb96fb41004 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | ---
title: WebRTC - Screen Sharing
author: PipisCrew
date: 2017-07-17
categories: [news]
toc: true
---
https://deepstreamhub.com/tutorials/protocols/webrtc-screen-sharing/
origin - http://www.pipiscrew.com/2017/07/webrtc-screen-sharing/ webrtc-screen-sharing | 23.636364 | 86 | 0.765385 | yue_Hant | 0.265328 |
ed6e2f9b88a49f87b698b560041b065da36230bd | 4,146 | md | Markdown | docs/master-data-services/create-an-explicit-hierarchy-master-data-services.md | v-thepet/sql-docs | 487ce4c1584d377b26ce4ced54c3107efcd75f8e | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2019-05-04T19:57:42.000Z | 2019-05-04T19:57:42.000Z | docs/master-data-services/create-an-explicit-hierarchy-master-data-services.md | jzabroski/sql-docs | 34be3e3e656de711b4c7a09274c715b23b451014 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | docs/master-data-services/create-an-explicit-hierarchy-master-data-services.md | jzabroski/sql-docs | 34be3e3e656de711b4c7a09274c715b23b451014 | [
"CC-BY-4.0",
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2021-01-13T23:26:30.000Z | 2021-01-13T23:26:30.000Z | ---
title: "Create an Explicit Hierarchy (Master Data Services) | Microsoft Docs"
ms.custom:
- "SQL2016_New_Updated"
ms.date: "04/01/2016"
ms.prod: "sql-server-2016"
ms.reviewer: ""
ms.suite: ""
ms.technology:
- "master-data-services"
ms.tgt_pltfrm: ""
ms.topic: "article"
helpviewer_keywords:
- "creating explicit hierarchies [Master Data Services]"
- "explicit hierarchies, creating"
ms.assetid: ba768393-6990-4eda-8cb0-d58cb3cfc2e2
caps.latest.revision: 10
author: "smartysanthosh"
ms.author: "nagavo"
manager: "craigg"
ms.workload: "Inactive"
---
# Create an Explicit Hierarchy (Master Data Services)
In [!INCLUDE[ssMDSshort](../includes/ssmdsshort-md.md)], create an explicit hierarchy when you need a ragged hierarchy in which members can exist at any level. Explicit hierarchies contain members from a single entity.
After you create an explicit hierarchy, you can add members to it in the **Explorer** functional area.
## Prerequisites
To perform this procedure:
- You must have permission to access the **System Administration** functional area.
- You must be a model administrator. For more information, see [Administrators (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/administrators-master-data-services.md).
- The entity must be enabled for explicit hierarchies and collections.
### To create an explicit hierarchy
1. In [!INCLUDE[ssMDSmdm](../includes/ssmdsmdm-md.md)], click **System Administration**.
2. On the **Manage Model** page, select a model from the grid and then click **Entities**.
3. On the **Manage Entity** page, from the grid, select the row for the entity that you want to create an explicit hierarchy for.
4. Click **Explicit Hierarchies**.
5. On the **Manage Explicit Hierarchy** page, click **Add**.
6. In the **Name** box, type a name for the hierarchy.
7. Optionally, clear the **Mandatory hierarchy** check box to create the hierarchy as a non-mandatory hierarchy. For more information about hierarchy types, see [Explicit Hierarchies (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/explicit-hierarchies-master-data-services.md).
8. Click **Save**.
## Grid Columns
For each explicit hierarchy that you create, a row with seven columns is added to the grid. The following is a description of the columns.
|Name|Description|
|----------|-----------------|
|Status|The entity status. When you click **Save** the following image is displayed that indicates that the entity is updating.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> If there are errors when creating or editing an entity, the following image is displayed.<br /><br /> <br /><br /> If the status is OK, then the following image is displayed.<br /><br /> |
|Name|The explicit hierarchy name.|
|Is Mandatory|Specifies whether the explicit hierarchy is mandatory.|
|Created By|The username of the user who created the explicit hierarchy.|
|Created On|The date and time when the explicit hierarchy was created.|
|Updated By|The username of the user who last updated the explicit hierarchy.|
|Updated On|The date and time when the explicit hierarchy was last updated.|
## Next Steps
- [Create a Consolidated Member (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/create-a-consolidated-member-master-data-services.md)
## See Also
[Explicit Hierarchies (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/explicit-hierarchies-master-data-services.md)
[Derived Hierarchies with Explicit Caps (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/derived-hierarchies-with-explicit-caps-master-data-services.md)
[Change an Explicit Hierarchy Name (Master Data Services)](../master-data-services/change-an-explicit-hierarchy-name-master-data-services.md)
| 51.185185 | 655 | 0.726242 | eng_Latn | 0.886287 |
ed6e371a81c64143cf022ac863a0a0fb4613721f | 2,239 | md | Markdown | _posts/2019-08-09-Exploiting-Cross-Lingual-Speaker-and-Phonetic-Diversity-for-Unsupervised-Subword-Modeling.md | AMDS123/papers | 80ccfe8c852685e4829848229b22ba4736c65a7c | [
"MIT"
] | 7 | 2018-02-11T01:50:19.000Z | 2020-01-14T02:07:17.000Z | _posts/2019-08-09-Exploiting-Cross-Lingual-Speaker-and-Phonetic-Diversity-for-Unsupervised-Subword-Modeling.md | AMDS123/papers | 80ccfe8c852685e4829848229b22ba4736c65a7c | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | _posts/2019-08-09-Exploiting-Cross-Lingual-Speaker-and-Phonetic-Diversity-for-Unsupervised-Subword-Modeling.md | AMDS123/papers | 80ccfe8c852685e4829848229b22ba4736c65a7c | [
"MIT"
] | 4 | 2018-02-04T15:58:04.000Z | 2019-08-29T14:54:14.000Z | ---
layout: post
title: "Exploiting Cross-Lingual Speaker and Phonetic Diversity for Unsupervised Subword Modeling"
date: 2019-08-09 16:57:04
categories: arXiv_CL
tags: arXiv_CL Speech_Recognition Recognition
author: Siyuan Feng, Tan Lee
mathjax: true
---
* content
{:toc}
##### Abstract
This research addresses the problem of acoustic modeling of low-resource languages for which transcribed training data is absent. The goal is to learn robust frame-level feature representations that can be used to identify and distinguish subword-level speech units. The proposed feature representations comprise various types of multilingual bottleneck features (BNFs) that are obtained via multi-task learning of deep neural networks (MTL-DNN). One of the key problems is how to acquire high-quality frame labels for untranscribed training data to facilitate supervised DNN training. It is shown that learning of robust BNF representations can be achieved by effectively leveraging transcribed speech data and well-trained automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems from one or more out-of-domain (resource-rich) languages. Out-of-domain ASR systems can be applied to perform speaker adaptation with untranscribed training data of the target language, and to decode the training speech into frame-level labels for DNN training. It is also found that better frame labels can be generated by considering temporal dependency in speech when performing frame clustering. The proposed methods of feature learning are evaluated on the standard task of unsupervised subword modeling in Track 1 of the ZeroSpeech 2017 Challenge. The best performance achieved by our system is $9.7\%$ in terms of across-speaker triphone minimal-pair ABX error rate, which is comparable to the best systems reported recently. Lastly, our investigation reveals that the closeness between target languages and out-of-domain languages and the amount of available training data for individual target languages could have significant impact on the goodness of learned features.
##### Abstract (translated by Google)
##### URL
[https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03538](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03538)
##### PDF
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.03538](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.03538)
| 86.115385 | 1,747 | 0.80795 | eng_Latn | 0.996372 |
ed6e5ee82b30180145c1ae958753d3cff059d901 | 4,388 | md | Markdown | lowmc/INSTALL.md | Bhaskers-Blu-Org2/grover-blocks | 4736d5e5871a2de7e9a0eb893bc8bb887585fe00 | [
"MIT"
] | 11 | 2020-01-09T14:58:19.000Z | 2022-01-05T16:44:48.000Z | lowmc/INSTALL.md | hzy-cas/grover-blocks | e8a98f069bf0e67298eb5db6ea856c1efa40012c | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | lowmc/INSTALL.md | hzy-cas/grover-blocks | e8a98f069bf0e67298eb5db6ea856c1efa40012c | [
"MIT"
] | 14 | 2020-03-09T15:31:58.000Z | 2022-01-05T16:44:51.000Z | # Instructions to install dependencies and run the code
We assume that the LowMC code is under `/path/to/qsharp/lowmc` and specify when instructions differ.
## Dependencies
These will be installed as part of the commands in the Environment setup section below.
- dotnet core sdk 2.1,
- qsharp sdk 0.7.1905.3109 (later versions will need changes to the C# code portions),
- iqsharp,
- python 3,
- python qsharp package,
- FileHelpers dotnet package,
- SageMath to regenerate the provided affine layers and key expansion routines (if reproducing results).
## Environment setup
The following should work the same on Windows and Linux, with the minor differences noted below.
- Get the dotnet core sdk version 2.1 from https://www.microsoft.com/net/download.
- Install it following the appropriate OS' instructions.
- Install python 3 (with pip and jupyter).
- Run the following commands in cmd/shell.
First install Q# and IQ# support.
```
dotnet new -i Microsoft.Quantum.ProjectTemplates
dotnet tool install -g Microsoft.Quantum.IQSharp --version 0.7.1905.3109
```
In theory, on Linux the last command should add `~/.dotnet/tools` to the PATH. Starting a new bash process without rebooting *does not seem to work*, but logging out and in does.
If not, a patch can be to explicitly modify the PATH on demand by running some of the commands as `PATH=$PATH:~/.dotnet/tools command`.
Instead, on Windows, opening a new instance of cmd.exe or PowerShell should be enough.
Get python3 support (on windows you may want to write `py -m pip` instead of `pip3`).
An implicit dependency to get python3 support is to install Jupyter.
This can be done in many ways, varying from system to system. One conservative and hopefully portable possibility is to run the following.
```
pip3 install jupyter --user
```
We now get the qsharp python package.
NOTE: the difference in qsharp versions is intended.
```
pip3 install qsharp==0.8.1907.1701 --user --upgrade
```
On Linux, one may need to log out and in again for the next command to work.
Install iqsharp jupyter support; this may need a Linux PATH override.
```
dotnet iqsharp install --user
cd /path/to/qsharp/lowmc
```
## How to build
### LowMC AffineLayer and KeyExpansion code generation
Note that compiling all parameter levels takes multiple hours as of now, due to the lack of optimization in the Q# compiler.
#### Generate random matrices from the LowMC spec
Get `generate_matrices.py` from the official repo, and patch it to match the bit ordering used in the LowMC reference C implementation using the following commands.
```
git clone https://github.com/LowMC/lowmc.git
cd lowmc
git checkout e847fb160ad8ca1f373efd91a55b6d67f7deb425
cd ..
patch lowmc/generate_matrices.py -i generate_matrices.patch -o patched.py
```
Then generate the LowMC matrices.
```
python patched.py -b 32 -k 32 -r 10 -o L0.py
python patched.py -b 128 -k 128 -r 20 -o L1.py
python patched.py -b 192 -k 192 -r 30 -o L3.py
python patched.py -b 256 -k 256 -r 38 -o L5.py
```
#### Port the matrices to Q#
Using SageMath, generate Q# code.
```
sage affine_layers.py
sage in_place_round_key_generation.py
```
### Build the Q# code
This step is slow, compilation takes multiple hours.
```
cd /path/to/qsharp/lowmc
dotnet build
```
## How to compute cost estimates
```
cd /path/to/qsharp/lowmc
dotnet run --no-build
```
## How to run tests
Since the compiler is somewhat slow, tests require to modify the Q# Python module.
### Modified Q# for Python
Note: cp and rm may have a different syntax on Windows.
```
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/iqsharp.git
cd iqsharp
git checkout dbcffc3a5709fe0706fe3d44d3145b8b8a4a7ae0
cd ..
cp -r iqsharp/src/Python/qsharp/ .
patch qsharp/clients/__init__.py qsharp_client.patch
rm -rf iqsharp
```
### Linux
On Linux this may need a PATH override.
```
cd /path/to/qsharp/lowmc
python3 qtests.py -v
```
### Windows
```
cd /path/to/qsharp/lowmc
py qtests.py -v
```
One can also use `python` instead of `py` if PATH is not polluted with a version of Python2.7.
## Python LowMC implementation tests
If you want to test the Python implementations of LowMC used to test the Q# implementation, run the following.
```
cd /path/to/lowmc
sage in_place_round_key_generation.py -c 1
python3 lowmc.py -v
```
The test vectors were generated using the reference LowMC C implementation from https://github.com/LowMC/lowmc.
| 30.901408 | 178 | 0.755697 | eng_Latn | 0.987519 |
ed6f1fb745853f715f22830296c28ad471ed0811 | 43 | md | Markdown | README.md | HecateET/shopping-koa | 438f2872fedb42bfe9409b9247be86d054768ff8 | [
"MIT"
] | 1 | 2020-06-11T11:28:53.000Z | 2020-06-11T11:28:53.000Z | README.md | HecateET/shopping-koa | 438f2872fedb42bfe9409b9247be86d054768ff8 | [
"MIT"
] | 5 | 2021-03-02T01:27:08.000Z | 2022-03-08T23:25:46.000Z | README.md | HecateET/shopping-koa | 438f2872fedb42bfe9409b9247be86d054768ff8 | [
"MIT"
] | null | null | null | # shopping-koa
JavaScript+KOA2+Node的蹩脚购物系统
| 14.333333 | 27 | 0.837209 | eng_Latn | 0.219166 |
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