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the presence of islet cell antibodies ( ica ) , complement fixing islet cell antibodies ( cf-ica ) , other organ-specific autoantibodies , insulin antibodies and two different types of immune complexes ( agab ) in diabetic pregnant women treated with insulin during pregnancy was investigated and compared with maternal metabolic control and with the course and outcome of pregnancy . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cell",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
251,
258
]
} |
the location and amount of the basement membrane ( bm ) components collagen iv and laminin were studied in ovarian epithelial , sex cord-stromal and germ cell tumors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
31,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "collagen iv",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} |
the occurrence and location of basement membranes ( bm ) and their constituents were studied in benign , inflammatory , dysplastic and malignant conditions of the uterine cervix by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies against human laminin and type iv collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membranes",
"pos": [
31,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
289,
305
]
} |
these data suggest that unkeito induces lh release from the pituitary through hypothalamic lh-rh , and can be used for the treatment of patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
78,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} |
for some t-cell-like nk clones , the t3 antigen complex and a t-cell receptor-like structure , nkta or nktb , have been shown to define the target cell specificity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
9,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
62,
68
]
} |
this low cytotoxicity was augmented by il-2 , and especially lnl were activated to have higher lymphokine activated killer ( lak ) activity than that of pbl . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lnl",
"pos": [
61,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
95,
105
]
} |
hypothalamic lhrh was measured by ria in young and middle-aged ( ma ) female rats in several endocrine conditions . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
13,
17
]
} |
because studies have verified the responsiveness of the pituitary of ma rats to lhrh , the data suggest that adequate amounts of hypothalamic lhrh do not reach the pituitary . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
142,
146
]
} |
rather , high levels of hypothalamic lhrh measured in ma subjects may represent accumulation of the peptide in lhrh neurons due to an age-related impairment in release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
24,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
111,
115
]
} |
stimulation of platelets causes the release of tsp in parallel with other alpha-granule constituents such as beta-thromboglobulin ( beta-tg ) and platelet factor 4 ( pf4 ) but the thrombospondin plasma in vivo half life is significantly greater than beta-tg and pf4 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelets",
"pos": [
15,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
180,
194
]
} |
acutely administered morphine stimulated both the synthesis and release of crf in the hypothalamus , thereby activating the pituitary-adrenocortical system in non-stressed rats , but inhibited the stress-induced crf synthesis and acth-corticosterone secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
86,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crf",
"pos": [
212,
215
]
} |
recently , based on the pulsatile nature of hypothalamic gnrh section , it has been demonstrated that pulsatile administration of this decapeptide is effective in activation of the pituitary-ovarian function and induction of ovulation in patients with endogenous gnrh deficiency . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
44,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
263,
267
]
} |
after a single administration of ccl4 , significant increases in liver/body weight ratio , serum got and gpt levels , alpha , beta and gamma-globulins and bsp retention , and decreases in serum albumin , an activity of the hepaplastintest and the correct phagocytic activity , alpha value , were found . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
65,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0017007",
"name": "gamma-globulins",
"pos": [
135,
150
]
} |
a retrospective study of 69 superficial and 15 invasive transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and a prospective study of 43 mucosal biopsies were performed in order to assess the usefulness of immunohistochemical staining of the basement membrane components , type iv collagen and laminin as prognostic indicators in superficial bladder cancer . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
231,
248
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
262,
269
]
} |
thus , changes merely reflective of hiv infection included decreased levels of leu 8+ cd4 cells and increased levels of leu 8- cd8 , leu 18- cd8 , leu 7+ cd8 , leu 17+ cd8 , and hla-dr+ cd8 cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4 cells",
"pos": [
86,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0019764",
"name": "hla-dr",
"pos": [
178,
184
]
} |
development of symptoms were associated with a further , preferential loss of leu 8+ cd4 cells , proportional losses of both cd4 subsets defined by leu 18 expression , and a return to normal levels of leu 7- cd8 , leu 17- cd8 , and hla-dr- cd8 cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4 cells",
"pos": [
85,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0019764",
"name": "hla-dr",
"pos": [
232,
238
]
} |
for trout red cells , small functional heterogeneity is evidenced , despite hb multiplicity , and effect seems linked to the level of temperature . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
10,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
76,
78
]
} |
fourteen blood genetic systems were analysed : reduced glutathione ( gsh ) , red cell potassium ( ke ) , haemoglobin ( hb ) , diaphorase ( dia ) , catalase ( ct ) , malate dehydrogenase ( mdh ) , carbonic anhydrase ( ca ) , x-protein ( x ) , nucleoside phosphorylase ( np ) , alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) , amylase ( am ) , ceruloplasmin ( cp ) , transferrin ( tf ) and albumin ( al ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red",
"pos": [
47,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
105,
116
]
} |
recently , with the development of technology for cloning t cells , it has been possible to produce monoclonal antibodies to the t-cell receptor proteins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
58,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptor",
"pos": [
129,
144
]
} |
labelling of t cell dependent areas of spleen and lymph nodes was observed with each of the tcr probes , but neither alpha nor beta gene expression was seen in lymphoid tissues of athymic nude mice . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
13,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
92,
95
]
} |
on l-dopa administration , no apparent increases in both plasma ghrh and gh concentrations were observed in patients with hypothalamic hypopituitarism , whereas ghrh administration induced almost normal gh response . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
122,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
161,
165
]
} |
these findings suggest that gh secretion evoked by the l-dopa administration is induced by ghrh released from the hypothalamus , and impairment of gh secretion associated with simple obesity , primary hypothyroidism , or niddm may be in part attributed to insufficiency of ghrh release from the hypothalamus , and indicate that l-dopa test is clinically useful for evaluating the ability of intrinsic ghrh release in such diseased states . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
114,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
401,
405
]
} |
antibodies specific for the erythrocyte-specific histone h5 , for embryonic hemoglobin , and for adult hemoglobin were used as markers for general , primitive , and definitive erythropoiesis , respectively . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
28,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
103,
113
]
} |
all the primary prostatic tumours also stained positively for prostate-specific antigen and for prostatic acid phosphatase using polyclonal antisera . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
16,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "prostate-specific antigen",
"pos": [
62,
87
]
} |
signet ring cell 'mucinous ' thyroid adenoma : a follicle cell tumour with abnormal accumulation of thyroglobulin and a peculiar histochemical profile . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
100,
113
]
} |
the present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the deficits in copulatory behavior observed in hyperprolactinemic male rats may be related to a reduction in hypothalamic release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ( lhrh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
171,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing hormone releasing hormone",
"pos": [
195,
232
]
} |
these results demonstrate that exogenous lhrh can restore normal copulatory performance in hyperprolactinemic male rats and support the hypothesis that a reduction in hypothalamic lhrh release is responsible for the behavioral deficits observed in those animals . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
167,
179
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
180,
184
]
} |
spleen cells of mice and lymph node lymphocytes of rats were cultured with epinephrine , norepinephrine and alpha- and beta-adrenergic drugs to determine effects on lymphokine secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
36,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
165,
175
]
} |
ultrastructural localization of glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) in hypothalamic paraventricular neurons synthesizing corticotropin releasing factor ( crf ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
66,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin releasing factor",
"pos": [
116,
146
]
} |
one of the autoantigens detected in the thyroid gland was biochemically consistent with a thyroglobulin subunit . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid gland",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
90,
103
]
} |
in view of a possible cosecretion of these substances with grf into the portal circulation , the effect of synthetic rat hypothalamic grf ( 1-43 ) alone , or together with dopamine ( da ) , l-dopa , gamma-aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) , neurotensin ( nt ) or galanin ( gal ) on gh release was investigated by using dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
121,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
134,
137
]
} |
it has been recently demonstrated that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) can inhibit lhrh release by the hypothalamus , suggesting an ultrashort feedback of lhrh on lhrh neurons . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
118,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
178,
182
]
} |
the ability of lymphocytes to secrete macrophage-activating lymphokines is enhanced up to day 12 of infection but was absent in the later stages . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
15,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
60,
71
]
} |
the purine ribonucleoside inosine is known to be metabolized in islet cells ( its ribose moiety feeds into the pentose-phosphate cycle ) and stimulate insulin release , but the mechanisms of this stimulation have not been established . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
151,
158
]
} |
in the absence of glucose , 5 mm inosine decreased 86rb+ efflux from islet cells , depolarized the b-cell membrane , induced electrical activity ( slow waves of membrane potential with bursts of spikes on the plateau ) , accelerated 45ca2+ efflux and stimulated insulin release with the same efficiency as 10 mm glucose . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
69,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
262,
269
]
} |
we conclude that there are developmental stage-specific trans-acting factors for hb switching , that trans-acting factors from adult mouse erythroid cells can induce expression of adult frog globin genes in a tadpole rbc nucleus , and that hb switching mechanisms are conserved across vertebrate classes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
217,
220
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
240,
242
]
} |
the results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma tsp in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma tsp can be a better indicator than beta-tg to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelets",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "tsp",
"pos": [
124,
127
]
} |
both solvents showed a linear relationship between the quantities of cfmp in adm and the dissolved cfmp . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "cfmp",
"pos": [
69,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "cfmp",
"pos": [
99,
103
]
} |
from day 12 of fetal life the synthesis of hypothalamic lhrh could be demonstrated by radioimmunoassay . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
56,
60
]
} |
on the other hand , fetal hypothalamic gnrh and pituitary gnrh receptors were observed from 12 days of gestation which can explain the observations made on primordia explanted at 13 days . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
26,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
58,
62
]
} |
the hypogonadal mouse is a mutant deficient in the hypothalamic gonadotrophic hormone releasing hormone ( gnrh ) with a consequent extreme depletion in pituitary luteinising hormone ( lh ) and follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) and a failure of post-natal gonadal growth . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
51,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gonadotrophic",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} |
in ovx + e2 rats bearing a push-pull cannula ( ppc ) in the hypothalamic area , in vivo infusion of repetitive pulses of pregnanolone through the ppc was also effective , confirming in vivo the stimulatory effect of pregnanolone on lh-rh release obtained from in vitro preparations . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
60,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
232,
237
]
} |
[ ontogenetic data on the peptidergic interneuronal population in immunoreactivity of the grf 37 type serum of the human posterolateral hypothalamus . immunocytochemical studies using anti-grf 37 and anti-mch ( melanin-concentrating hormone ) immune sera ] . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
136,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
189,
192
]
} |
human posterolateral hypothalamic neurons are revealed with an anti grf 37 serum as soon as the 7th week of fetal life . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
21,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
68,
71
]
} |
fibroblast cells grown on microcarriers in the presence of glucocorticoid hormones maintained their ability to produce interferon ( ifn ) -beta in a superinduction method with poly i : poly c and antimetabolites . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast cells",
"pos": [
0,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn",
"pos": [
132,
135
]
} |
an extract of rat hypothalamus was submitted to sephadex g50 separation and a single peak of lhrh immunoreactivity corresponding to synthetic lhrh , was detected with the antibody bkl2 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
18,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
142,
146
]
} |
touch preparations of human placenta yield cells retaining antigenic reactivity to immunoperoxidase stains for alpha and beta chains of human chorionic gonadotropin , placental lactogen , and pregnancy-specific beta glycoprotein . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0032043",
"name": "placenta",
"pos": [
28,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0106132",
"name": "beta chains",
"pos": [
121,
132
]
} |
the former antibody is specific for l23 , whereas the latter recognizes the sequence common to fast skeletal muscle myosin light chains 1 and 3 , and also l23 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0242692",
"name": "skeletal muscle",
"pos": [
100,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C3815884",
"name": "myosin",
"pos": [
116,
122
]
} |
retinohypothalamic projections ( rht ) were studied by two anterograde tracing methods , and hypothalamic organization was investigated immunohistochemically with antisera against a number of substances known to be present in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus ( scn ) : bombesin ( bbs ) , glutamic acid decarboxylase ( gad ) , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5ht ) , neuropeptide y ( npy ) , neurotensin ( nt ) , somatostatin ( ss ) , substance p ( sp ) , vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( vip ) , and arginine vasopressin ( avp ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
6,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
407,
419
]
} |
an effect on the lymphocytic response is possible , with inhibition of the production of certain lymphokines , especially interleukins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytic",
"pos": [
17,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
97,
108
]
} |
in the prostate , no reaction by antibodies against prostate specific antigen was observed in the granulomas . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostate",
"pos": [
7,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "prostate specific",
"pos": [
52,
69
]
} |
immunohistochemical staining showed the epithelial cells to be positive for both keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen , whereas the stromal cells were negative . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014597",
"name": "epithelial cells",
"pos": [
40,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0007082",
"name": "carcinoembryonic antigen",
"pos": [
93,
117
]
} |
additional support to volume homeostasis is provided by increased secretion of hypothalamic hormones ( arginine vasopressin and corticotrophin releasing factor ) and activation of the sympathetic nervous system , which further enhances renin secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
79,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotrophin releasing factor",
"pos": [
128,
159
]
} |
to more completely assess the means by which alcohol impairs the female reproductive cycle in rats , we have measured hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) , pituitary lhrh receptor content , and the serum levels of luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , prolactin ( prl ) , and progesterone ( p ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
118,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "pituitary lhrh",
"pos": [
180,
194
]
} |
these results indicate that short-term alcohol administration disrupts the female reproductive cycle , causing persistent diestrus , and support our hypothesis that the alcohol-induced depression in serum lh levels is due to a diminished release rate of hypothalamic lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
254,
266
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
267,
271
]
} |
these findings suggest important sex differences at the pituitary level in the responses to withdrawal from gonadal feedback that persist in culture in the absence of direct hypothalamic ( gnrh ) input . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
174,
186
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
189,
193
]
} |
the isolated perfused liver incorporates lysine-epsilon-c ( 14 ) into the plasma albumin , alpha globulin , and beta globulin ( including fibrinogen ) fractions . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
22,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0002211",
"name": "alpha globulin",
"pos": [
91,
105
]
} |
the isolated perfused liver incorporates lysine-epsilon-c ( 14 ) into the plasma albumin , alpha globulin , and beta globulin ( including fibrinogen ) fractions . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
22,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0005157",
"name": "beta globulin",
"pos": [
112,
125
]
} |
a method for sensitizing human group o red cells with this preparation is given , together with the technical details of an automated passive haemagglutination technique suitable for the mass screening of blood donors for hb virus and anti-hb antibody . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
39,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
240,
242
]
} |
protein kinase activity was measured in islets of langerhans that had been incubated in the presence of agents known to affect insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islets of langerhans",
"pos": [
40,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
127,
134
]
} |
glucagon , theophylline , caffeine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine , agents that raise cyclic amp concentrations in islet cells and stimulate insulin release , increased protein kinase activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
142,
149
]
} |
intact rbc 's , hemoglobin , and concentrated platelet stroma , on the other hand , are inactive in this regard . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc 's",
"pos": [
7,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} |
the factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( ifn-beta ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
22,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "interferon-beta",
"pos": [
45,
60
]
} |
data from the present study and a previous report show that abnormal gh response to the hypothalamic hormones ( crf , trh and lhrh ) may be observed in patients with congenital isolated tsh deficiency . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
88,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crf",
"pos": [
112,
115
]
} |
data from the present study and a previous report show that abnormal gh response to the hypothalamic hormones ( crf , trh and lhrh ) may be observed in patients with congenital isolated tsh deficiency . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
88,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
126,
130
]
} |
in the intermediary periods , low plasma gh levels depend on the tonic release of hypothalamic somatostatin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
the ontogeny of hypothalamic gnrh , of pituitary and gonadal receptors and of pituitary lh and fsh was studied in the fetal and neonatal rat . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
16,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
29,
33
]
} |
immunoreactive gnrh was detectable in the hypothalamus from fetal day 12 onwards at a low level until day 17 , whereafter hypothalamic gnrh content and concentration increased until birth . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
122,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
135,
139
]
} |
the possible relations among the developmental changes in hypothalamic gnrh , pituitary gnrh receptors and gonadotrophins are discussed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
58,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
88,
92
]
} |
soluble thyroid proteins of the human fetus were studied in parallel with the formation of the follicular structure of the gland using polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and a radioimmunological method for measuring thyroglobulin ( tg ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
8,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
217,
230
]
} |
before the first trimester of gestation the human fetal thyroid , which did not have an organized follicular structure contained a significant amount of the 12s protein fraction , but only trace amounts of tg . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
56,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
206,
208
]
} |
the t4 and t3 contents in tg of human fetal thyroids ( 20-24 weeks ) amounted to 0.54 +/- 0.39 and 0.12 +/- 0.09 mole/tg mole , respectively . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroids",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
118,
120
]
} |
the finding of the 12 s protein in the human thyroid during early fetal life , i.e . in the prefollicular phase , implies a low rate of aggregation of tg subunits ( 12 s ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
45,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
151,
153
]
} |
the content of hypothalamic and telencephalic ir-gnrh from female fish was more than four-fold greater than that of male animals . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
15,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
49,
53
]
} |
the behaviour of keratins in the human prostate is investigated immunohistochemically by polyclonal rabbit antibodies against keratins from human stratum corneum ( kit from ortho/heidelberg ) and compared to the behaviour of prostatic acid phosphatase ( pap ) and prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostate",
"pos": [
39,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "prostate-specific antigen",
"pos": [
264,
289
]
} |
pancreatic islets removed from normal rats and tumoral insulin-producing cells of the rinm5f line were examined for their respective sensitivity to two distinct beta-cytotoxic agents , namely pentamidine and streptozotocin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
55,
62
]
} |
however , 4 patients had metastatic disease with normal tg levels , and 2 of these patients had residual thyroid in the neck and raised tgab levels , while in the remaining 2 patients , both tg and tgab were low . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
198,
200
]
} |
we have successfully used this system to obtain cdna clones coding for the different chains of the large basement membrane proteins type iv collagen and laminin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
105,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
132,
148
]
} |
these data support the use of a 4-5-day pulsatile treatment in the differentiation between hypothalamic and pituitary deficiency , and the possibility of therapeutical use of grf with the same protocol when a response is evidenced . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
91,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
in order to elucidate the maternal factors influencing the functional development of the fetal rat thyroid gland , pregnant rats were subjected to either thyroidectomy or administration of ptu or tsh and the thyroid glands of the fetuses were examined chronologically by immunohistochemistry to detect thyroglobulin ( tg ) , t4 and t3 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid glands",
"pos": [
208,
222
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
302,
315
]
} |
based on these results , thyroid albumin may be described as consisting of t3 and an albumin-like protein which is distinguishable from serum albumin and distinct from thyroglobulin immunochemically . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
25,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
168,
181
]
} |
from these results , correlations between p50 or red cell transmembrane ph gradient at the extracellular ph of 7.40 ( delta ph ) and red cell dpg/hemoglobin molar ratio ( chi ) were derived as p50 = 10.92 chi + 14.2 ( r = 0.91 ) or delta ph = 0.060 chi + 0.135 ( r = 0.70 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
49,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
146,
156
]
} |
when thyroid residues are present tg levels are usually within the normal range for a healthy population ( 2.5-28 ng/ml ) and no conclusion can be drawn . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
5,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
34,
36
]
} |
the rate constants measured are similar to those in solution , indicating that the different physical environment in the rbc has little effect on the hb kinetics . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
121,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
150,
152
]
} |
from the results of the parallel occurrence of t cell-mediated cytotoxicity and blast transformation responses to hbsag , and of presence of lymphotoxin in the supernatant co-cultured hbsag and cytotoxicity-positive lymphocytes , it seemed likely that t cell-mediated cytotoxicity in our system might be mediated by lymphokine produced by t cells as a result of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in vitro . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
216,
227
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
316,
326
]
} |
using rat pancreatic islets and the perfused rat pancreas , the effect of exogenous insulin on insulin secretion mediated by glucose , leucine , arginine , aminophylline and tolbutamide was studied . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
10,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
95,
102
]
} |
to investigate the variable gene activities of alpha-fetoprotein , albumin and fibrinogen polypeptides as markers of 'liver specific proteins ' in different developing organs or tissues , we have used specific complementary dna probes to detect and to quantitate alpha-fetoprotein , albumin and fibrinogen polypeptide mrna , respectively , in rna fractions , prepared from various tissues of rats at different stages of fetal and postnatal development and from hepatomas induced by diethylnitrosamine . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
118,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "alpha-fetoprotein",
"pos": [
263,
280
]
} |
intestines which are like the liver also of endodermal origin do not contain alpha-fetoprotein , albumin and fibrinogen polypeptide mrnas , while kidneys which are mesodermal in origin were found to be alpha-fetoprotein , albumin and fibrinogen polypeptide mrna producers in neonatal life . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
30,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "alpha-fetoprotein",
"pos": [
202,
219
]
} |
in the liver , the increased level of albumin and fibrinogen polypeptide mrna during fetal and neonatal development is accompanied with a diminished amount of alpha-fetoprotein mrna . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
7,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "alpha-fetoprotein",
"pos": [
159,
176
]
} |
the joint population of t lymphocytes and active t lymphocytes had a powerful stimulant effect while t lymphocytes with receptors for rabbit red blood cells and a mixture of b lymphocytes with 0 cells decreased these indices . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
24,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
101,
114
]
} |
the mean erythrocyte hcai value and standard deviation for 20 normal men and women were respectively 16.9 +/- 3.4 and 15.4 +/- 2.1 mg hcai/g haemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
9,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
141,
152
]
} |
this model allows simulation of experimental findings such as the glucose-induced accumulation of cyclic amp in islet cells , the calcium dependency of the latter accumulation , the time course of 45ca net uptake by the islets exposed to glucose and/or a phosphodiesterase inhibitor , the stimulation of insulin release by glucose , the suppression of such a release at low extracellular ca2+ concentration and its amplification by phosphodiesterase inhibitors , the restoration of a significant secretory response to glucose in islets deprived of ca2+ but exposed to a phosphodiesterase inhibitor , and the usual relationship between 45ca net uptake and insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
655,
662
]
} |
a very significant amount of hbalc is formed when young rbc extracts are incubated : 3.6 % of total hb becomes hbalc with the extracts , versus 3.2 % with free glucose , and only 2.5 % for controls . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
56,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
111,
113
]
} |
hill 's coefficients , buffering capacity , red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate , and blood hemoglobin concentrations are similar in both species . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
88,
98
]
} |
both bce and bae cells exhibited relatively high basal levels of pa , the production of which was stimulated approximately threefold by the addition of tpa . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0225336",
"name": "bae cells",
"pos": [
13,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "pa",
"pos": [
153,
155
]
} |
when sheep red blood cells coated with an antibody specific for dba/2j mouse hemoglobin were used in the assay , only red cells from dba/2j mice ( carrying d hemoglobin ) formed plaques while c57bl/6j red cells ( carrying s hemoglobin ) did not . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
118,
127
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
224,
234
]
} |
in order to further clarify hypothalamic function , plasma lh-rh was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in normal men and women with increasing age , in women with castration , climacteric syndrome , also in pregnancy , deliver , and puerperium . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
28,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
59,
64
]
} |
adult red cells contained 28.0 +/- 8.3 sod units/mg hemoglobin ( hgb ) whereas aga neonatal red cells had 28.5 +/- 8.3 sod units/mg hgb . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
6,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hgb",
"pos": [
132,
135
]
} |
purified ( rat ) hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor ( grf ) , native human grf isolated from an islet cell tumor of the pancreas that had caused acromegaly , and the synthetic replicates of the human material are potent secretagogues of immunoreactive growth hormone ( gh ) by primary cultures of rat pituitary cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
17,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "human",
"pos": [
204,
209
]
} |
the effect of hypothalamic grf or of a synthetic replicate of tumor-derived grf is immediate , being demonstrable in less than or equal to 30 sec after contact in a pituitary cell perifusion system . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
14,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
76,
79
]
} |
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