id
stringlengths 7
10
| title
stringlengths 8
354
| content
stringlengths 91
4.1k
| contents
stringlengths 164
4.24k
| embedding
listlengths 384
384
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
PMID:19539
|
Comparison otitis media due to types 3 and 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Chinchilla model.
|
Only a few pneumococcal serotypes are responsible for the majority of cases of acute otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The immunopathogenesis of otitis media cause by two serotypes, type 3 and 23, was studied in chinchillas. Chinchillas with type 23 pneumococcal otitis media were capable of clearing the infection over a six-week period without treatment, whereas the type 3 infection persisted throughout the six-week study. In addition, bacteremia or meningitis occurred more frequently and earlier with type 3 pneumococcal otitis media than with type 23. The resolution of the type 23 pneumococcal infection paralleled the development of type-specific antibody, as measured by radioimmunoassay, whereas type 3 infection was associated with a fall in serum antibody to low levels. Since the pathogenesis of pneumococcal otitis media in the chinchilla differs between pneumococcal serotypes, it may be important to correlate pneumococcal serotypes with sequealae and recurrence of otitis media in children.
|
Comparison otitis media due to types 3 and 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Chinchilla model. Only a few pneumococcal serotypes are responsible for the majority of cases of acute otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The immunopathogenesis of otitis media cause by two serotypes, type 3 and 23, was studied in chinchillas. Chinchillas with type 23 pneumococcal otitis media were capable of clearing the infection over a six-week period without treatment, whereas the type 3 infection persisted throughout the six-week study. In addition, bacteremia or meningitis occurred more frequently and earlier with type 3 pneumococcal otitis media than with type 23. The resolution of the type 23 pneumococcal infection paralleled the development of type-specific antibody, as measured by radioimmunoassay, whereas type 3 infection was associated with a fall in serum antibody to low levels. Since the pathogenesis of pneumococcal otitis media in the chinchilla differs between pneumococcal serotypes, it may be important to correlate pneumococcal serotypes with sequealae and recurrence of otitis media in children.
|
[
-0.020990608260035515,
-0.017878377810120583,
-0.0784342885017395,
-0.0005724843358621001,
0.048445142805576324,
-0.024237677454948425,
0.009970319457352161,
0.0373724028468132,
-0.04784558713436127,
0.0020352706778794527,
0.02674238197505474,
-0.10590529441833496,
0.05253874137997627,
-0.010945838876068592,
0.0010896435705944896,
-0.03696940466761589,
0.00714215449988842,
-0.06372920423746109,
-0.07173524796962738,
0.0074414536356925964,
-0.05541322007775307,
0.04011467844247818,
0.01001246552914381,
-0.01596376672387123,
0.03133805841207504,
0.007428598124533892,
0.04246203601360321,
-0.01924056187272072,
0.042142175137996674,
-0.17175932228565216,
0.004677313379943371,
-0.05415986478328705,
0.018315428867936134,
-0.022186730057001114,
-0.03566829487681389,
-0.059612076729536057,
-0.021460212767124176,
-0.016025586053729057,
0.024330144748091698,
0.09732577949762344,
0.009820742532610893,
0.0662597119808197,
0.04579712077975273,
0.003510712645947933,
-0.03924941271543503,
-0.055835358798503876,
-0.05370228737592697,
0.02469383180141449,
0.1166556105017662,
-0.021826302632689476,
-0.010133244097232819,
-0.04272976517677307,
-0.016346203163266182,
0.08407104015350342,
-0.045636698603630066,
-0.007252768147736788,
-0.007919421419501305,
0.016238151118159294,
-0.006975889205932617,
0.0036514317616820335,
0.01435903925448656,
0.04111209511756897,
-0.07682152092456818,
0.0769507959485054,
0.06111689284443855,
0.054458048194646835,
-0.0217543113976717,
-0.02528608776628971,
0.0072159916162490845,
0.0033026435412466526,
-0.0635157972574234,
0.02981279231607914,
-0.07827619463205338,
0.030866874381899834,
-0.03613997995853424,
0.037943508476018906,
0.03916461765766144,
-0.02613493986427784,
0.026310734450817108,
0.02779996767640114,
-0.07947724312543869,
0.03246006369590759,
-0.02432587929069996,
0.032317548990249634,
-0.030218899250030518,
-0.022868238389492035,
0.04091101139783859,
-0.04846234619617462,
-0.04849231243133545,
-0.00008892695768736303,
0.006098871119320393,
0.0271914042532444,
-0.02320987917482853,
0.023928597569465637,
-0.00924819428473711,
-0.002069279085844755,
0.004186359699815512,
0.028951440006494522,
-0.040675099939107895,
0.37876614928245544,
-0.00956004485487938,
-0.07513254880905151,
-0.05398432910442352,
-0.03723876550793648,
0.015950364992022514,
-0.01400146633386612,
-0.003350489307194948,
-0.06822886317968369,
0.0047880192287266254,
0.02645963430404663,
0.029396040365099907,
0.03857775405049324,
0.022207781672477722,
0.004353264346718788,
-0.06617407500743866,
0.02058829367160797,
0.047288794070482254,
0.0603572279214859,
-0.009667831473052502,
-0.00024797269725240767,
-0.0035409568808972836,
-0.04153409227728844,
0.01059027947485447,
-0.060172416269779205,
-0.0025958181358873844,
0.0028937167953699827,
-0.0023337348829954863,
0.06687320023775101,
0.017021289095282555,
-0.028733067214488983,
0.051202259957790375,
0.019085900858044624,
-0.002240732777863741,
0.03161422535777092,
-0.002894503064453602,
-0.06388213485479355,
-0.049591537564992905,
-0.02589529938995838,
0.011494345031678677,
0.003024958074092865,
-0.006822980474680662,
-0.09277709573507309,
-0.006986381020396948,
-0.06536999344825745,
-0.0950663834810257,
0.1302499920129776,
-0.09087178856134415,
0.03645126894116402,
-0.023386891931295395,
0.003606084967032075,
0.03285462036728859,
0.09242509305477142,
-0.03758325055241585,
0.018871953710913658,
0.012125924229621887,
0.014122058637440205,
-0.01188112236559391,
0.033957339823246,
-0.006759653799235821,
-0.007758007850497961,
-0.038259923458099365,
-0.018076056614518166,
0.001617584959603846,
0.029788559302687645,
0.004392410162836313,
-0.030130837112665176,
0.03450700640678406,
0.011662822216749191,
0.004909550305455923,
-0.00396087346598506,
0.00604314124211669,
0.03706107288599014,
-0.01150742918252945,
-0.03421882167458534,
-0.030835412442684174,
0.05764035880565643,
-0.01212949026376009,
-0.008159307762980461,
0.04919324070215225,
0.08306737244129181,
-0.02610738016664982,
0.025546837598085403,
-0.00796471070498228,
-0.026227885857224464,
-0.01027095876634121,
0.0032642106525599957,
-0.009312148205935955,
0.04658821225166321,
0.08018289506435394,
-0.04916645959019661,
-0.011668493039906025,
-0.0390055887401104,
-0.031413059681653976,
0.011229283176362514,
0.023321516811847687,
0.003830474801361561,
-0.06574515253305435,
-0.061443839222192764,
0.08643582463264465,
-0.008696051314473152,
0.08680904656648636,
0.022811541333794594,
0.010440237820148468,
-0.024601785466074944,
-0.009889121167361736,
-0.02192123793065548,
0.015812639147043228,
-0.034690894186496735,
0.03360724076628685,
0.0119169345125556,
-0.02826991304755211,
0.023057065904140472,
-0.08432534337043762,
0.04966351389884949,
-0.017865508794784546,
0.047201041132211685,
0.011193335056304932,
0.025634264573454857,
0.058696724474430084,
0.019992640241980553,
-0.0004641965206246823,
-0.026339948177337646,
-0.018545357510447502,
-0.28398025035858154,
-0.014899298548698425,
0.021078627556562424,
-0.021927550435066223,
-0.011384863406419754,
-0.015706742182374,
0.014652308076620102,
0.005172880366444588,
0.019974360242486,
-0.020339712500572205,
0.03942810744047165,
0.0990493968129158,
-0.05690464377403259,
-0.03526860475540161,
0.024956557899713516,
0.01798464171588421,
0.032534364610910416,
-0.018189700320363045,
-0.01121441088616848,
0.01121740136295557,
0.03436654061079025,
-0.026331352069973946,
-0.016879569739103317,
0.03956039622426033,
0.04378915950655937,
0.007657616399228573,
0.08063942193984985,
-0.010452318005263805,
0.02981197088956833,
-0.03320964053273201,
0.05333574116230011,
0.0022752026561647654,
-0.026976170018315315,
-0.00544347008690238,
0.02978554368019104,
0.043708186596632004,
0.029006365686655045,
0.0125352181494236,
-0.015540855005383492,
-0.004759154282510281,
-0.005553606431931257,
0.034945882856845856,
0.015599150210618973,
-0.04494231566786766,
-0.022874362766742706,
-0.0599532313644886,
0.021948831155896187,
-0.01569812186062336,
-0.008000527508556843,
0.0031203534454107285,
-0.024610869586467743,
0.023480214178562164,
-0.04565327614545822,
0.07402331382036209,
-0.031540438532829285,
0.019509343430399895,
-0.0239651408046484,
-0.024911392480134964,
-0.0669180303812027,
-0.04115498438477516,
0.045177873224020004,
-0.0037402857560664415,
0.056633464992046356,
0.011023922823369503,
-0.0761154294013977,
0.009079165756702423,
0.004861400928348303,
-0.0640915185213089,
-0.02371499501168728,
0.09194359183311462,
0.009365640580654144,
0.10590935498476028,
-0.055447738617658615,
-0.028063537552952766,
-0.032926157116889954,
0.03283772990107536,
0.04318935051560402,
-0.08400444686412811,
-0.061616890132427216,
-0.009264917112886906,
0.038069892674684525,
-0.05928419902920723,
-0.002980536548420787,
0.07319758832454681,
0.0588664710521698,
0.007067915052175522,
-0.021587178111076355,
-0.025468695908784866,
-0.013089606538414955,
-0.019751928746700287,
-0.00117318460252136,
-0.015797177329659462,
-0.032521702349185944,
-0.06802427768707275,
-0.035637035965919495,
0.03682423382997513,
-0.2749231457710266,
0.028749648481607437,
0.08667878806591034,
0.0056931390427052975,
0.018521461635828018,
0.031023571267724037,
-0.023784512653946877,
-0.01069689728319645,
0.006954587530344725,
0.0031744735315442085,
0.0763758197426796,
0.022320324555039406,
0.04891574755311012,
0.04311453178524971,
-0.015160386450588703,
0.030212366953492165,
0.03023717738687992,
0.011814117431640625,
0.038832686841487885,
0.0025421734899282455,
-0.026157235726714134,
-0.03824625536799431,
0.15268991887569427,
0.08768528699874878,
-0.001718308194540441,
-0.04859640821814537,
0.00376936630345881,
0.08070750534534454,
0.014585673809051514,
-0.014380407519638538,
0.08634421229362488,
-0.08795618265867233,
0.07916564494371414,
0.011609272100031376,
0.010259789414703846,
0.010014941915869713,
0.03361145406961441,
-0.005672751925885677,
-0.02899056114256382,
0.03633130341768265,
-0.0384363979101181,
0.01716879941523075,
-0.06992220133543015,
-0.0283102598041296,
0.057486362755298615,
0.0027116485871374607,
-0.031114701181650162,
-0.06697487086057663,
-0.005680825561285019,
0.0185419749468565,
-0.0545213520526886,
-0.04735919088125229,
-0.029853422194719315,
0.04794659465551376,
0.039122406393289566,
-0.00943801924586296,
0.014125507324934006,
-0.007600552402436733,
0.020589224994182587,
-0.012958801351487637,
0.08462158590555191,
-0.08516819775104523,
-0.08594175428152084,
0.10107626765966415,
0.04292500764131546
] |
PMID:19540
|
Maturation of regulatory factors influencing magnitude of antibody response to capsular polysaccharide of type III Streptococcus pneumoniae.
|
Mice of different ages were evaluated for their ability to give a plaque-forming cell response to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III). The response of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (T-) cells was also evaluated. The responses to an optimally immunogenic dose of SSS-III for two-and three-week-old mice were only 7% and 14%, respectively, of that produced by adult mice; values comparable to those of adult mice were attained by four weeks of age. Activity of amplifier T-cells, which was minimal at two to four weeks of age, matured slowly and did not reach a maximum until eight to 10 weeks of age. However, activity of suppressor T-cells was found to be fully developed as early as two weeks of age. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of suppressor T-cells are predominant in young mice and that such cells may play an active role in determining the ease with which immunological unresponsiveness is induced in neonates.
|
Maturation of regulatory factors influencing magnitude of antibody response to capsular polysaccharide of type III Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice of different ages were evaluated for their ability to give a plaque-forming cell response to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III). The response of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (T-) cells was also evaluated. The responses to an optimally immunogenic dose of SSS-III for two-and three-week-old mice were only 7% and 14%, respectively, of that produced by adult mice; values comparable to those of adult mice were attained by four weeks of age. Activity of amplifier T-cells, which was minimal at two to four weeks of age, matured slowly and did not reach a maximum until eight to 10 weeks of age. However, activity of suppressor T-cells was found to be fully developed as early as two weeks of age. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of suppressor T-cells are predominant in young mice and that such cells may play an active role in determining the ease with which immunological unresponsiveness is induced in neonates.
|
[
-0.05511331185698509,
0.002860811771824956,
-0.01038777083158493,
0.006975213065743446,
0.008544490672647953,
0.006129519082605839,
0.020884225144982338,
0.06850133091211319,
-0.09802401810884476,
-0.01739557273685932,
0.04125633463263512,
-0.0657450407743454,
0.014148872345685959,
-0.014028521254658699,
0.00039174669655039907,
-0.0009999149478971958,
0.005520595237612724,
-0.02528289519250393,
-0.05150590464472771,
-0.0010243942961096764,
-0.026214443147182465,
0.0008264940115623176,
0.012944523245096207,
-0.046648576855659485,
0.06922874599695206,
-0.00640892656520009,
0.01289679016917944,
-0.047085244208574295,
-0.028585487976670265,
-0.18860357999801636,
0.014259843155741692,
-0.07838226854801178,
0.014668497256934643,
-0.023977283388376236,
-0.07971679419279099,
0.008732741698622704,
0.005404388532042503,
-0.03106636181473732,
-0.031139399856328964,
0.0495639406144619,
0.016558825969696045,
0.05642235651612282,
-0.008552255108952522,
0.003953997977077961,
-0.0551428459584713,
-0.021711258217692375,
-0.046272359788417816,
-0.021900828927755356,
0.06768523901700974,
0.039209313690662384,
0.0013425002107396722,
-0.03716953471302986,
0.02885381318628788,
0.09159895032644272,
-0.04087303578853607,
0.015451920218765736,
0.01491643488407135,
0.03054790198802948,
0.05632707476615906,
0.020821109414100647,
-0.019526630640029907,
0.003349972888827324,
-0.12348129600286484,
0.09516032785177231,
0.06369888037443161,
0.02964230626821518,
0.012964445166289806,
-0.015067429281771183,
0.0334622748196125,
0.011824089102447033,
-0.05955173075199127,
0.059477467089891434,
-0.013632724061608315,
0.0373220331966877,
0.019849691540002823,
0.03153441101312637,
-0.03126576915383339,
-0.016883866861462593,
0.14133398234844208,
0.008691332302987576,
0.011069122701883316,
0.013710282742977142,
-0.014066492207348347,
0.04366035386919975,
-0.057224828749895096,
-0.036672476679086685,
0.022067738696932793,
-0.0639680027961731,
-0.030233176425099373,
0.05629142001271248,
-0.015638180077075958,
-0.02731538563966751,
-0.032965853810310364,
0.0020704129710793495,
-0.07419542968273163,
-0.04430265352129936,
0.02438819222152233,
-0.01338285207748413,
-0.00393206812441349,
0.39858096837997437,
-0.00550116365775466,
-0.0033248215913772583,
-0.0454484187066555,
-0.03369929641485214,
0.008774422109127045,
-0.03768828138709068,
0.019906973466277122,
-0.007134691812098026,
-0.014391145668923855,
0.04878513887524605,
0.03738953173160553,
0.0018858861876651645,
-0.0285049919039011,
-0.026871006935834885,
-0.014861397445201874,
-0.014978516846895218,
0.031652528792619705,
0.02865077555179596,
-0.030808549374341965,
0.026386944577097893,
0.03456072509288788,
-0.0206000916659832,
0.028070857748389244,
-0.062498267740011215,
0.06612101197242737,
0.01147676445543766,
0.007067591417580843,
0.09244168549776077,
0.0009165057563222945,
-0.01806718111038208,
0.048175543546676636,
-0.020392362028360367,
-0.03777162730693817,
0.0318482369184494,
0.006749515421688557,
-0.04412539303302765,
-0.04505186900496483,
-0.027058541774749756,
-0.01847827434539795,
-0.013436350971460342,
-0.010979940183460712,
-0.04637006297707558,
-0.007314770016819239,
-0.07572753727436066,
-0.028385436162352562,
0.10364736616611481,
-0.0032624301966279745,
0.0005156865227036178,
0.01962612383067608,
0.02806471474468708,
0.019417958334088326,
0.08073463290929794,
0.03949744626879692,
0.01678226888179779,
-0.006240322720259428,
0.01631913147866726,
-0.057363465428352356,
-0.02142104133963585,
0.0259566493332386,
-0.07091726362705231,
-0.06031562387943268,
-0.015075026080012321,
-0.0018185083754360676,
0.02089690789580345,
-0.02576959878206253,
0.0035872815642505884,
0.00820210762321949,
0.006786021403968334,
0.052498627454042435,
0.00558740459382534,
0.00463173259049654,
0.03087736666202545,
-0.03169265761971474,
-0.03446514904499054,
-0.04766618832945824,
0.04119977355003357,
-0.024829553440213203,
-0.0031817967537790537,
0.008927593939006329,
0.06649180501699448,
-0.044543810188770294,
-0.034196607768535614,
0.010968929156661034,
-0.03221631422638893,
-0.0309433676302433,
0.02126467600464821,
-0.007605402730405331,
-0.0016811040695756674,
-0.004640100058168173,
-0.015298880636692047,
0.03088529407978058,
-0.017702404409646988,
-0.10756855458021164,
-0.008495930582284927,
-0.007216026075184345,
-0.0024672839790582657,
-0.037181753665208817,
0.018336499109864235,
0.025537798181176186,
-0.0021678446792066097,
0.05518941953778267,
-0.03669312968850136,
0.010917987674474716,
0.042533185333013535,
0.046534959226846695,
0.05429108440876007,
0.051304444670677185,
0.007159431930631399,
0.06267061829566956,
-0.0445452481508255,
-0.07198493927717209,
-0.007782771717756987,
-0.03285627067089081,
0.017172610387206078,
0.0007245211163535714,
0.07629566639661789,
-0.004976804368197918,
-0.0386638268828392,
0.0049475510604679585,
0.02511044591665268,
0.08436404913663864,
0.035547129809856415,
-0.01609976962208748,
-0.30558106303215027,
-0.004218087065964937,
0.0321166105568409,
-0.04303634539246559,
0.025257840752601624,
-0.04419929161667824,
-0.016487257555127144,
-0.031527694314718246,
0.03470607101917267,
-0.05733916908502579,
0.05572991073131561,
0.15042589604854584,
-0.029876472428441048,
-0.04789743199944496,
-0.0403919592499733,
0.06300333887338638,
-0.004186555743217468,
-0.02732839249074459,
0.0025955536402761936,
0.014398102648556232,
0.026597103103995323,
0.020263822749257088,
0.011503745801746845,
0.042869675904512405,
0.0486406646668911,
0.008732377551496029,
0.11476073414087296,
-0.0077251894399523735,
-0.0002454219793435186,
-0.0028507979586720467,
0.07525462657213211,
0.022752143442630768,
0.024518895894289017,
-0.022680580615997314,
0.007672229781746864,
0.014546271413564682,
-0.05084306374192238,
-0.011818833649158478,
-0.0014308430254459381,
0.015531842596828938,
-0.043267715722322464,
0.046286020427942276,
0.0027150267269462347,
-0.059545259922742844,
-0.019253725185990334,
-0.02983950637280941,
0.0481242910027504,
0.08319288492202759,
0.02900548465549946,
-0.055289674550294876,
0.008218825794756413,
-0.024871742352843285,
-0.0005922832642681897,
0.06550376117229462,
0.01648695208132267,
0.005337418522685766,
-0.03201528266072273,
0.019007014110684395,
-0.056872960180044174,
0.017048858106136322,
-0.028675958514213562,
0.02560616098344326,
-0.019790876656770706,
0.008979014120995998,
-0.061097197234630585,
0.02596086822450161,
0.008885172195732594,
-0.05202172324061394,
-0.018985090777277946,
-0.01783045567572117,
-0.030570149421691895,
0.08828936517238617,
-0.02658635936677456,
0.0442504808306694,
0.03232244774699211,
0.02651805244386196,
-0.0559433288872242,
-0.06726906448602676,
-0.08067630231380463,
0.011711260303854942,
0.008620120584964752,
-0.060944296419620514,
0.03961827605962753,
-0.02069583162665367,
0.01671275682747364,
0.005755519960075617,
-0.0018370066536590457,
0.007315804250538349,
-0.0028979997150599957,
-0.041786447167396545,
-0.018478460609912872,
-0.006108950823545456,
-0.041454415768384933,
-0.05914369598031044,
0.005133168306201696,
0.002438066527247429,
-0.2935979962348938,
-0.0022489363327622414,
0.047771796584129333,
0.0015264640096575022,
0.004308363888412714,
-0.005075458902865648,
-0.0002605992485769093,
-0.05531269684433937,
-0.034102339297533035,
0.010000403970479965,
0.060736216604709625,
0.06152501702308655,
0.031055886298418045,
0.0613996759057045,
-0.014451428316533566,
-0.0038075638003647327,
0.023240838199853897,
0.005856818053871393,
0.021352237090468407,
-0.04874109476804733,
0.02625877596437931,
-0.011298613622784615,
0.14275497198104858,
0.04998205229640007,
0.017625920474529266,
0.03579508513212204,
-0.017018388956785202,
0.02531844563782215,
-0.04050198197364807,
-0.012574146501719952,
0.01637655682861805,
-0.016347482800483704,
0.11456924676895142,
0.03256655111908913,
0.051360826939344406,
0.02216961793601513,
-0.049687981605529785,
0.010600931942462921,
-0.016314147040247917,
0.04146852716803551,
-0.024128470569849014,
0.02744479849934578,
-0.036853790283203125,
-0.02053515799343586,
0.11261364072561264,
-0.05051567405462265,
-0.010790158063173294,
-0.049232251942157745,
-0.0054564750753343105,
-0.00003683723116409965,
-0.06625435501337051,
-0.019482102245092392,
0.009772014804184437,
-0.005650920327752829,
0.03527030348777771,
-0.03324497491121292,
-0.013986937701702118,
-0.04852428659796715,
0.03351128473877907,
0.009885034523904324,
0.007944805547595024,
-0.02476017363369465,
-0.020154066383838654,
0.09684038907289505,
0.06181200221180916
] |
PMID:19541
|
Temperature-sensitive mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: preparation, characterization, and evidence for attenuation and immunogenicity.
|
Thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected after exposure of virulent wild-type (ts+) organisms to nitrosoguanidine. Each mutant resembled the ts+ parent in properties of alpha-hemolysis, bile solubility, optochin sensitivity, antibiotic sensitivity, and serotype. Unlike the ts+ parent, however, each ts mutant was restricted in its capacity to form colonies on blood agar at 38 C. With the exception of two mutants, there was a correlation between the degree of temperature-sensitivity of a mutant and its genetic stability. When inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, 11 of 13 mutants were attenuated and induced homologous resistance. Three mutants (ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4) were also studied in hamsters and were found to be attenuated and immunogenic after intraperitoneal injection. Study of the behavior of mutants ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4 in the blood of hamsters suggested that attenuation may be related, in part, to decreased growth and survival of ts organisms at body temperature. Mutants ts 1 and ts 4 were completely attenuated for hamsters when administered intranasally and induced significant resistance to subsequent challenge with wild-type organisms by the same route. Local administration of ts mutants of type 1 S. pneumoniae to hamsters may provide a model for evaluating the potential of live vaccines in the prevention of disease due to bacterial respiratory tract pathogens.
|
Temperature-sensitive mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: preparation, characterization, and evidence for attenuation and immunogenicity. Thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected after exposure of virulent wild-type (ts+) organisms to nitrosoguanidine. Each mutant resembled the ts+ parent in properties of alpha-hemolysis, bile solubility, optochin sensitivity, antibiotic sensitivity, and serotype. Unlike the ts+ parent, however, each ts mutant was restricted in its capacity to form colonies on blood agar at 38 C. With the exception of two mutants, there was a correlation between the degree of temperature-sensitivity of a mutant and its genetic stability. When inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, 11 of 13 mutants were attenuated and induced homologous resistance. Three mutants (ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4) were also studied in hamsters and were found to be attenuated and immunogenic after intraperitoneal injection. Study of the behavior of mutants ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4 in the blood of hamsters suggested that attenuation may be related, in part, to decreased growth and survival of ts organisms at body temperature. Mutants ts 1 and ts 4 were completely attenuated for hamsters when administered intranasally and induced significant resistance to subsequent challenge with wild-type organisms by the same route. Local administration of ts mutants of type 1 S. pneumoniae to hamsters may provide a model for evaluating the potential of live vaccines in the prevention of disease due to bacterial respiratory tract pathogens.
|
[
-0.0525675006210804,
0.03046013042330742,
-0.015712356194853783,
0.00003428970740060322,
0.04182136431336403,
-0.01015020627528429,
0.04681336134672165,
0.03535327687859535,
-0.07252586632966995,
-0.018675005063414574,
0.006942745763808489,
-0.09992720931768417,
0.009714466519653797,
0.010025308467447758,
-0.02673948183655739,
-0.02977186068892479,
-0.032843127846717834,
-0.038427937775850296,
-0.05482874810695648,
0.030062688514590263,
-0.017025819048285484,
-0.01771380752325058,
0.06208408251404762,
-0.06905808299779892,
0.05283452570438385,
0.01710616610944271,
0.028504911810159683,
-0.007642876822501421,
-0.019223500043153763,
-0.21488870680332184,
0.037043165415525436,
-0.046348679810762405,
-0.00429509487003088,
-0.043791964650154114,
-0.059960607439279556,
-0.015986241400241852,
-0.004215081688016653,
-0.084560826420784,
-0.013185008428990841,
0.032752491533756256,
0.09818337112665176,
0.0757625624537468,
0.023118387907743454,
-0.004992072470486164,
-0.010278718546032906,
-0.01953873224556446,
-0.037397176027297974,
0.0341755636036396,
0.07860895246267319,
-0.008712097071111202,
-0.0014216081472113729,
-0.0907645970582962,
-0.023089028894901276,
0.08530345559120178,
-0.032547567039728165,
-0.017600147053599358,
0.04882806912064552,
0.02479018084704876,
0.013072472997009754,
0.002792722312733531,
0.01258242130279541,
0.047943416982889175,
-0.1111905500292778,
0.06840665638446808,
0.03886047750711441,
0.0486416295170784,
-0.015191299840807915,
-0.06633127480745316,
0.0118947122246027,
0.013595156371593475,
-0.041280779987573624,
0.028859026730060577,
-0.02022681199014187,
0.052514802664518356,
0.03401961922645569,
0.0612729974091053,
-0.009756399318575859,
-0.02713872119784355,
0.08608528971672058,
0.02008802443742752,
0.008501581847667694,
-0.04543498530983925,
-0.006660596001893282,
0.015021257102489471,
-0.04772191867232323,
-0.02501790039241314,
0.039661675691604614,
-0.04770544171333313,
-0.015392386354506016,
0.026219511404633522,
-0.03386874496936798,
-0.01091346237808466,
0.011647365055978298,
0.01463479083031416,
-0.08072613924741745,
0.012185958214104176,
0.05038608983159065,
0.01912815310060978,
0.02142125368118286,
0.3885626494884491,
-0.007452093996107578,
-0.024101069197058678,
-0.07291093468666077,
0.013940265402197838,
0.0163766797631979,
0.017311615869402885,
0.02261120080947876,
-0.026088953018188477,
-0.03273294121026993,
0.022127779200673103,
-0.0023482695687562227,
0.0007424281211569905,
0.0026134694926440716,
0.01767338253557682,
-0.032063499093055725,
-0.012717817910015583,
0.04000111669301987,
0.01007265504449606,
-0.026955807581543922,
0.011508303694427013,
-0.03173540532588959,
-0.02326214872300625,
0.03967300057411194,
-0.052778955549001694,
0.021066952496767044,
0.01182477455586195,
0.00856684148311615,
0.10326986759901047,
0.008012819103896618,
-0.019294485449790955,
0.03836458921432495,
0.02954874373972416,
0.02433711104094982,
-0.0012709501897916198,
0.015072177164256573,
-0.03768379986286163,
-0.08141333609819412,
-0.08080348372459412,
0.012480032630264759,
0.012791232205927372,
-0.03698663040995598,
-0.06319046765565872,
-0.01627209223806858,
-0.10134302079677582,
-0.07941032201051712,
0.08033465594053268,
-0.04367227479815483,
0.04862905293703079,
-0.02927708998322487,
-0.009467868134379387,
0.035591334104537964,
0.049930326640605927,
-0.0010378790320828557,
-0.00453419191762805,
-0.004759769421070814,
0.03583482652902603,
-0.03006078116595745,
0.006659720093011856,
0.030503904446959496,
-0.013745004311203957,
-0.085999496281147,
0.0013036385644227266,
0.014511005021631718,
0.03423916548490524,
-0.00045064391451887786,
-0.031601432710886,
-0.024421866983175278,
0.030963655561208725,
0.035117875784635544,
-0.02889273688197136,
0.012047074735164642,
0.013408487662672997,
-0.01915012113749981,
-0.010771339759230614,
-0.017408667132258415,
0.059214863926172256,
-0.04071228951215744,
-0.04660138487815857,
0.02013383060693741,
0.07293277233839035,
-0.04107541963458061,
-0.022859927266836166,
-0.008719890378415585,
-0.029744097962975502,
0.041451383382081985,
0.0359676256775856,
-0.023722270503640175,
-0.022677714005112648,
0.0035402982030063868,
0.0205092653632164,
-0.003101698588579893,
-0.02645084448158741,
-0.08182480186223984,
-0.002413632581010461,
0.031683485954999924,
0.02656073123216629,
-0.02784719318151474,
0.017384935170412064,
0.061875373125076294,
-0.014859448187053204,
0.06764193624258041,
-0.0058577037416398525,
0.005274181254208088,
0.02067716419696808,
-0.008459662087261677,
-0.005647388286888599,
0.06304926425218582,
-0.013888799585402012,
-0.0005473548662848771,
-0.017882762476801872,
-0.023906240239739418,
0.006684213876724243,
-0.08865860104560852,
0.0260714590549469,
-0.04778259992599487,
0.03789777681231499,
0.04096192494034767,
0.012008310295641422,
0.08558967709541321,
-0.01602628082036972,
0.029799025505781174,
0.020727353170514107,
-0.024318313226103783,
-0.32825395464897156,
-0.00900319591164589,
0.01786079816520214,
-0.026032593101263046,
0.027341097593307495,
-0.06706356257200241,
0.01239487249404192,
-0.035156089812517166,
0.04992042854428291,
-0.07757922261953354,
0.049114301800727844,
0.08502651751041412,
-0.03426273539662361,
-0.04660775512456894,
0.01780305802822113,
0.04176053777337074,
0.02256223000586033,
-0.025835098698735237,
0.02020135708153248,
-0.01650174707174301,
0.0437367707490921,
0.01749354414641857,
-0.01280147023499012,
-0.0020652615930885077,
0.012391948141157627,
-0.0044532660394907,
0.11267412453889847,
-0.032315079122781754,
0.03975683078169823,
0.008520287461578846,
0.06147262081503868,
0.014338463544845581,
-0.02475738152861595,
-0.0416378416121006,
-0.009476508013904095,
-0.003267205087468028,
-0.013351699337363243,
-0.00490194046869874,
0.020690012723207474,
-0.002469482133165002,
0.012827573344111443,
0.0401984378695488,
-0.02441658079624176,
-0.04570971056818962,
-0.03862881660461426,
-0.03888726979494095,
0.03415735438466072,
0.04868646711111069,
-0.025087790563702583,
0.013049553148448467,
0.03234357014298439,
-0.019268129020929337,
-0.003358288435265422,
0.018502630293369293,
0.004258617293089628,
-0.005494600627571344,
-0.023477977141737938,
-0.01387497317045927,
-0.028374167159199715,
0.004116847645491362,
-0.011353586800396442,
0.019905000925064087,
0.03985540568828583,
-0.024635884910821915,
-0.03196670114994049,
-0.03524910286068916,
0.06748910993337631,
-0.026489952579140663,
0.06524962186813354,
0.025293081998825073,
-0.031130695715546608,
0.08616333454847336,
-0.007934100925922394,
0.04486984387040138,
-0.013625705614686012,
0.013297691009938717,
-0.0586421899497509,
-0.0510653592646122,
-0.10449547320604324,
0.014130735769867897,
0.034672725945711136,
0.011179519817233086,
0.0071426015347242355,
0.03449384868144989,
-0.004940608516335487,
0.033960651606321335,
0.011771882884204388,
-0.011104023084044456,
0.03768592327833176,
0.03022048808634281,
-0.027272958308458328,
-0.036584243178367615,
0.04052940383553505,
-0.06869810819625854,
0.020270342007279396,
0.04718885198235512,
-0.2857859432697296,
0.01720883883535862,
0.010230924002826214,
0.05344324931502342,
-0.03566611558198929,
0.04261009767651558,
0.020484494045376778,
-0.08929865807294846,
-0.036698371171951294,
0.0016958278138190508,
0.03985666111111641,
-0.001227388740517199,
0.07745767384767532,
0.0793883353471756,
-0.012728756293654442,
-0.033548418432474136,
0.01396146323531866,
-0.04430365189909935,
0.0126079972833395,
-0.04269760847091675,
0.032970838248729706,
-0.03833087533712387,
0.16928118467330933,
0.04386727511882782,
0.023569582030177116,
0.013434458523988724,
0.000309898256091401,
0.05980222672224045,
0.020351100713014603,
0.00814182497560978,
0.01135219819843769,
-0.02868533879518509,
0.049821604043245316,
0.011025885120034218,
0.03364264965057373,
0.055398762226104736,
-0.02895837277173996,
-0.0033758562058210373,
-0.04205029457807541,
0.02240545116364956,
-0.017193954437971115,
0.015762334689497948,
-0.011954795569181442,
-0.04365948215126991,
0.06032160297036171,
-0.05511852726340294,
-0.035636238753795624,
-0.017054295167326927,
-0.04635206237435341,
0.015515431761741638,
-0.04448731988668442,
0.03640982136130333,
0.025788594037294388,
-0.04601733759045601,
0.04069991782307625,
-0.010572073981165886,
-0.006714983377605677,
-0.016750285401940346,
-0.013157821260392666,
0.023600229993462563,
0.03249439597129822,
0.010822372511029243,
-0.05875612795352936,
0.12361399829387665,
-0.005206261295825243
] |
PMID:19542
|
Adenyl cyclase in Bordetella pertussis vaccines.
|
Brodetella pertussis organisms have a large amount of extracytoplasmic adenyl cyclase, part of which is found in the supernatant culture medium during exponential growth. The enzyme differs from previously studied bacterial adenyl cyclases in biochemical characteristics as well as in location. Several commercial pertussis vaccines were found to contain adenyl cyclase activity; this activity is probably due to the extracytoplasmic enzyme associated with and released from the whole cells in the vaccine.
|
Adenyl cyclase in Bordetella pertussis vaccines. Brodetella pertussis organisms have a large amount of extracytoplasmic adenyl cyclase, part of which is found in the supernatant culture medium during exponential growth. The enzyme differs from previously studied bacterial adenyl cyclases in biochemical characteristics as well as in location. Several commercial pertussis vaccines were found to contain adenyl cyclase activity; this activity is probably due to the extracytoplasmic enzyme associated with and released from the whole cells in the vaccine.
|
[
-0.08209887892007828,
-0.01848793588578701,
-0.06820376962423325,
-0.012892837636172771,
0.07819341868162155,
-0.08647080510854721,
-0.0008733632857911289,
0.05607748031616211,
-0.03423885628581047,
-0.0006930649396963418,
0.04061093181371689,
-0.07856091111898422,
-0.04759863391518593,
-0.034311674535274506,
0.030149996280670166,
-0.018371833488345146,
-0.026298677548766136,
-0.02373492904007435,
0.009815165773034096,
0.009986751712858677,
-0.01327509991824627,
0.04205657169222832,
0.02553529292345047,
-0.02406744286417961,
-0.03573429211974144,
0.0334722176194191,
-0.03377407416701317,
-0.026914462447166443,
-0.0448605939745903,
-0.19482482969760895,
0.012220827862620354,
-0.05032190680503845,
-0.048148203641176224,
-0.030305637046694756,
-0.006397488061338663,
0.03529317304491997,
0.0007354693952947855,
0.06140264496207237,
-0.020327074453234673,
0.10288885980844498,
0.054109472781419754,
0.07066747546195984,
-0.019521847367286682,
0.017825830727815628,
0.008767501451075077,
0.027263574302196503,
-0.06483868509531021,
-0.0032230939250439405,
0.09218628704547882,
-0.032986968755722046,
0.03155389055609703,
-0.051532961428165436,
0.01903112232685089,
0.03086204081773758,
-0.04185780882835388,
-0.022004438564181328,
-0.036920223385095596,
0.04707910865545273,
-0.003512431401759386,
0.03321242704987526,
-0.0467277392745018,
0.0033368777949362993,
-0.11351422220468521,
0.07002541422843933,
-0.023811032995581627,
-0.008318725042045116,
-0.0536346472799778,
-0.031092435121536255,
0.025022519752383232,
0.061633069068193436,
-0.019659413024783134,
-0.01642601005733013,
0.010254411026835442,
0.00897007156163454,
-0.029083464294672012,
-0.023656830191612244,
0.0008963309228420258,
0.013435703702270985,
0.04269016161561012,
0.040464963763952255,
-0.022870579734444618,
0.057522933930158615,
0.02603812888264656,
-0.034546248614788055,
-0.035596225410699844,
-0.012642651796340942,
0.04403087496757507,
-0.055743444710969925,
0.06397388130426407,
0.014556766487658024,
-0.05680270120501518,
-0.04490145295858383,
-0.04571940749883652,
-0.025912463665008545,
-0.10255169123411179,
0.009524069726467133,
0.04822301119565964,
-0.0449952557682991,
0.009232488460838795,
0.34817954897880554,
-0.015245546586811543,
-0.06880513578653336,
-0.06542861461639404,
0.02489406056702137,
0.024326730519533157,
0.0003574322327040136,
-0.003206488909199834,
-0.040743883699178696,
-0.07128647714853287,
0.05093732103705406,
0.023975420743227005,
0.0024696355685591698,
0.02352403663098812,
-0.039358384907245636,
-0.0144035117700696,
0.007804714143276215,
0.03882364556193352,
0.014386945404112339,
-0.07456989586353302,
0.013707956299185753,
-0.03808579593896866,
-0.08185089379549026,
0.024703750386834145,
-0.04661491885781288,
0.03156036511063576,
0.023205755278468132,
-0.028106696903705597,
0.10650666058063507,
0.06617504358291626,
0.03224951773881912,
0.04700200632214546,
-0.004363541025668383,
-0.007083225529640913,
0.06864903122186661,
-0.008818824775516987,
0.011390497907996178,
0.014253400266170502,
-0.02243972197175026,
0.024000270292162895,
-0.08049604296684265,
-0.02260970138013363,
-0.029534336179494858,
-0.020044850185513496,
-0.08515435457229614,
-0.04051094129681587,
0.08146235346794128,
0.02099149115383625,
0.06222137063741684,
-0.03177476301789284,
0.01833106391131878,
0.007361297961324453,
0.03895161300897598,
-0.04218534380197525,
0.08421532064676285,
0.033949628472328186,
0.04678546264767647,
-0.018101878464221954,
0.010924349538981915,
0.048657890409231186,
-0.018213193863630295,
-0.07093361020088196,
-0.012271654792129993,
0.03366729989647865,
0.04417330026626587,
0.037535034120082855,
-0.0011501462431624532,
-0.024248316884040833,
0.021958820521831512,
0.023947738111019135,
0.015209430828690529,
-0.0010728524066507816,
0.04328898712992668,
-0.003101602429524064,
0.03397142514586449,
-0.05475536733865738,
-0.006745147984474897,
-0.05665397271513939,
-0.006469366606324911,
0.055884137749671936,
0.022738516330718994,
0.03357895463705063,
-0.049121566116809845,
-0.006880737375468016,
0.08924148231744766,
-0.006545152515172958,
-0.03154836595058441,
0.02217900939285755,
-0.0026389819104224443,
0.05399191752076149,
-0.0027242370415478945,
-0.01413703616708517,
-0.013102652505040169,
-0.10641224682331085,
0.02256179042160511,
-0.06826478987932205,
-0.05607852712273598,
-0.015751933678984642,
0.017047390341758728,
0.1113746240735054,
-0.00484838243573904,
0.04986888915300369,
0.05504249781370163,
-0.037017036229372025,
0.08280201256275177,
-0.007683718577027321,
0.06948643922805786,
0.02834112010896206,
0.008353998884558678,
0.055598754435777664,
-0.023232299834489822,
-0.02145903743803501,
0.02051873318850994,
-0.03190900385379791,
-0.06267357617616653,
-0.05352507159113884,
0.012914453633129597,
-0.038189638406038284,
0.03447446599602699,
0.052964210510253906,
-0.05012042820453644,
-0.024796292185783386,
0.009992357343435287,
0.0010291434591636062,
-0.28050997853279114,
-0.05217881500720978,
-0.03459427133202553,
-0.07690165191888809,
0.01926933042705059,
0.0026538576930761337,
-0.03816148266196251,
0.010407950729131699,
0.017160825431346893,
-0.03168804198503494,
0.06563738733530045,
0.03200875222682953,
-0.029679162427783012,
-0.02293488383293152,
-0.0304039865732193,
0.12498009949922562,
0.0046175881288945675,
-0.04478960111737251,
0.030593901872634888,
-0.011821407824754715,
-0.0036714801099151373,
-0.037728484719991684,
-0.008052807301282883,
0.00047450215788558125,
0.03259121999144554,
-0.030775045976042747,
0.09290708601474762,
0.04797807335853577,
0.06384692341089249,
0.04068012163043022,
0.0381072536110878,
0.048213496804237366,
-0.01340364571660757,
-0.0419192835688591,
-0.02424037642776966,
-0.04619760066270828,
-0.06813248991966248,
0.037505436688661575,
0.02170765958726406,
-0.0007377213332802057,
0.012146228924393654,
0.054787106812000275,
-0.0037248542066663504,
-0.022516516968607903,
0.0413736030459404,
-0.02479819767177105,
0.014994640834629536,
0.09438715875148773,
-0.02308516763150692,
-0.01970881223678589,
0.0016703782603144646,
0.012847743928432465,
0.0026628810446709394,
-0.048888035118579865,
0.05413458123803139,
-0.048067256808280945,
-0.003806210355833173,
-0.028084393590688705,
-0.04976768046617508,
0.019566820934414864,
-0.0018183952197432518,
0.005436796694993973,
-0.050792768597602844,
0.0587754026055336,
-0.004085266496986151,
0.033992186188697815,
-0.021528927609324455,
-0.026920221745967865,
0.0823020413517952,
-0.007003238890320063,
-0.026798924431204796,
0.0894988551735878,
-0.033980388194322586,
-0.06739091873168945,
0.0065672979690134525,
0.00872028712183237,
0.012467470951378345,
-0.0399194061756134,
-0.054780133068561554,
0.03147045522928238,
-0.006433608941733837,
-0.02669113501906395,
0.03772854804992676,
0.025725210085511208,
-0.04146457836031914,
0.017899567261338234,
-0.028929760679602623,
0.02272290363907814,
0.011643102392554283,
0.0027135140262544155,
0.028489988297224045,
0.005350866355001926,
-0.005334313027560711,
-0.028475293889641762,
-0.020371166989207268,
-0.01932256668806076,
-0.24085615575313568,
0.039326779544353485,
0.026295458897948265,
-0.042878225445747375,
-0.018354356288909912,
-0.017037805169820786,
-0.021108336746692657,
0.0037027988582849503,
0.010071855038404465,
0.024344123899936676,
0.06640367209911346,
0.027108365669846535,
0.03662523627281189,
0.10074246674776077,
0.0314079225063324,
0.03873630613088608,
0.016285963356494904,
-0.045197129249572754,
0.06215560436248779,
0.044021084904670715,
0.008707590401172638,
-0.03813333436846733,
0.16568605601787567,
0.04838971793651581,
-0.022614071145653725,
0.013112133368849754,
-0.03348330408334732,
0.028887592256069183,
-0.06424182653427124,
0.03717339411377907,
0.017430972307920456,
-0.029351018369197845,
0.05992382392287254,
0.007260458543896675,
0.018449900671839714,
0.029811155050992966,
0.0385962538421154,
0.004650793503969908,
0.019128385931253433,
-0.0073953429237008095,
0.006803696975111961,
-0.013365574181079865,
-0.1063421368598938,
-0.013118465431034565,
0.06055256724357605,
-0.019907459616661072,
-0.021347731351852417,
-0.059777744114398956,
0.010047193616628647,
-0.024536894634366035,
-0.030400898307561874,
-0.009327269159257412,
0.06189608946442604,
-0.014926194213330746,
-0.014869259670376778,
-0.04003504663705826,
0.010885700583457947,
0.029194829985499382,
-0.05202620476484299,
0.06919340789318085,
-0.010863689705729485,
-0.0330963060259819,
-0.07021534442901611,
0.1296473741531372,
0.06600009649991989
] |
PMID:19543
|
Prevention of pneumococcal infection by immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae: current status of polyvalent vaccines.
|
Because of the continuing morbidity and mortality resulting from pneumococcal infection, a program was instituted to redevelop polyvalent vaccines consisting of capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccines containing 50 microgram each of the capsular polysaccharides of as many as 13 pneumococcal types have been shown to be safe, antigenic, and 78.5% effective in the prevention of type-specific putative pneumococcal pneumonia and of type-specific pneumococcal bacteremia in adults. In a population in which pneumococcal pneumonia predominated, the total incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia, irrespective of cause, was reduced by 54.3% by use of a tridecavalent vaccine. The efficacy of vaccine in the prevention of infection during the first two years of life is under investigation. The vaccine is recommended for those at high risk of pneumococcal infection or of a fatal outcome from such illness.
|
Prevention of pneumococcal infection by immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae: current status of polyvalent vaccines. Because of the continuing morbidity and mortality resulting from pneumococcal infection, a program was instituted to redevelop polyvalent vaccines consisting of capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccines containing 50 microgram each of the capsular polysaccharides of as many as 13 pneumococcal types have been shown to be safe, antigenic, and 78.5% effective in the prevention of type-specific putative pneumococcal pneumonia and of type-specific pneumococcal bacteremia in adults. In a population in which pneumococcal pneumonia predominated, the total incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia, irrespective of cause, was reduced by 54.3% by use of a tridecavalent vaccine. The efficacy of vaccine in the prevention of infection during the first two years of life is under investigation. The vaccine is recommended for those at high risk of pneumococcal infection or of a fatal outcome from such illness.
|
[
-0.031506285071372986,
0.003172224387526512,
-0.05479853227734566,
-0.04517540708184242,
0.011211755685508251,
0.03238104656338692,
-0.021723676472902298,
0.03890318050980568,
-0.05217496678233147,
0.025690045207738876,
-0.0004424784565344453,
-0.08808991312980652,
0.012076297774910927,
-0.023740988224744797,
-0.012149564921855927,
0.023412497714161873,
-0.0280062947422266,
-0.03537306189537048,
-0.05112624168395996,
0.009334675967693329,
-0.024768104776740074,
0.04602232947945595,
-0.035490620881319046,
-0.07393712550401688,
0.08078762143850327,
0.034760136157274246,
0.05342360585927963,
-0.0696396455168724,
0.004052467178553343,
-0.16881205141544342,
-0.039840858429670334,
-0.07220754772424698,
-0.05075577646493912,
0.020169224590063095,
-0.08107724040746689,
-0.038144782185554504,
0.01485071238130331,
-0.0025174343027174473,
-0.008006885647773743,
0.04263652488589287,
-0.00412329426035285,
0.06199663504958153,
0.012443378567695618,
-0.02345145121216774,
-0.014666492119431496,
-0.031124792993068695,
-0.04993400722742081,
-0.03348224610090256,
0.11438018828630447,
0.04542318359017372,
0.024821393191814423,
-0.0013807833893224597,
0.003875378519296646,
0.07205701619386673,
-0.059986721724271774,
-0.03414374589920044,
-0.018201075494289398,
0.006817851681262255,
0.03177955746650696,
0.022977128624916077,
-0.02007106877863407,
-0.0010665084701031446,
-0.09982075542211533,
0.08018635958433151,
0.009436729364097118,
0.020798886194825172,
0.008721312507987022,
-0.02293640561401844,
0.023820113390684128,
0.007536077406257391,
-0.02543683722615242,
0.029603255912661552,
-0.04213029891252518,
0.0574067048728466,
0.0034603571984916925,
0.060915060341358185,
-0.028716444969177246,
-0.05702744424343109,
0.0481935478746891,
0.07740509510040283,
-0.009417413733899593,
0.02107476070523262,
0.0332689993083477,
0.035054124891757965,
-0.07853523641824722,
-0.09314056485891342,
0.023483870550990105,
-0.04037601128220558,
0.005502376239746809,
-0.00254098535515368,
0.02394242212176323,
0.051096294075250626,
-0.04552559554576874,
0.03423340618610382,
-0.07556667178869247,
0.01152440533041954,
0.02115178294479847,
0.06001212075352669,
0.010517711751163006,
0.3451099395751953,
-0.013150772079825401,
-0.0822356566786766,
-0.021784819662570953,
-0.015521444380283356,
0.0390215627849102,
-0.04298463463783264,
-0.002296930178999901,
-0.04356791824102402,
-0.02224919945001602,
0.020880714058876038,
0.0024426435120403767,
0.037989601492881775,
0.002484657568857074,
-0.03579797223210335,
-0.0547419972717762,
0.043416380882263184,
0.05505373701453209,
0.07891178876161575,
-0.007996262051165104,
-0.004123691935092211,
-0.028117690235376358,
-0.06279933452606201,
0.03389998525381088,
-0.0513143464922905,
0.039097316563129425,
0.0605187863111496,
0.029861582443118095,
0.0866091325879097,
0.00737572368234396,
0.04199550300836563,
0.027012484148144722,
0.054840363562107086,
0.03303378075361252,
-0.008010778576135635,
-0.03717038780450821,
-0.04441075399518013,
-0.024891821667551994,
-0.0463041253387928,
0.04554557055234909,
0.020970093086361885,
-0.027174944058060646,
-0.020616691559553146,
-0.012527598068118095,
-0.06598696857690811,
-0.05767045170068741,
0.061450228095054626,
-0.07061946392059326,
0.028923282399773598,
-0.007724611554294825,
-0.008860108442604542,
0.003615565365180373,
0.11496621370315552,
-0.042019493877887726,
-0.025612780824303627,
0.016554631292819977,
-0.00610054936259985,
0.014820755459368229,
-0.03341818228363991,
0.01367898192256689,
-0.0255501177161932,
-0.07531165331602097,
-0.027643706649541855,
-0.010693836025893688,
0.10797563195228577,
-0.031369153410196304,
-0.026108859106898308,
0.009271714836359024,
0.014499539509415627,
0.03378983959555626,
-0.05708146467804909,
0.049340780824422836,
0.003398057073354721,
0.0009141931659542024,
-0.035067979246377945,
-0.0014658331638202071,
0.051866792142391205,
-0.09484311193227768,
-0.06330756843090057,
0.06646967679262161,
-0.005867091007530689,
-0.0070561980828642845,
-0.015363565646111965,
-0.01741294376552105,
-0.04159886762499809,
0.03237262740731239,
0.04659428820014,
-0.010695346631109715,
0.053791727870702744,
0.0699361115694046,
-0.014375693164765835,
0.016253791749477386,
-0.022566376253962517,
-0.0506838783621788,
0.007187563460320234,
0.057623207569122314,
-0.016747288405895233,
-0.07177011668682098,
-0.04295511171221733,
0.09330867975950241,
-0.03233115002512932,
-0.0017660208977758884,
0.0048559787683188915,
-0.005542499478906393,
0.021009888499975204,
0.03791424632072449,
-0.011743205599486828,
0.07425935566425323,
0.02960275672376156,
0.007241637445986271,
-0.013715359382331371,
-0.05832134559750557,
0.07250810414552689,
-0.03720642626285553,
0.0051704272627830505,
-0.02655976265668869,
0.033543117344379425,
0.017955942079424858,
0.03563665971159935,
0.012320573441684246,
0.053353358060121536,
0.03864515200257301,
0.02178576961159706,
0.01883707009255886,
-0.3122735917568207,
0.02264096401631832,
0.008775494992733002,
-0.030475227162241936,
0.00011328224354656413,
-0.04985421150922775,
-0.02795647457242012,
0.02392669767141342,
-0.012713291682302952,
-0.008955040946602821,
0.04631716012954712,
0.04794234037399292,
-0.06518574059009552,
-0.0035132747143507004,
0.030758121982216835,
0.09470231831073761,
-0.01622065156698227,
-0.06287940591573715,
-0.008679831400513649,
-0.00917238462716341,
0.025610636919736862,
-0.022766707465052605,
0.005735422484576702,
0.0776679664850235,
0.027778372168540955,
0.011906228959560394,
0.11339656263589859,
-0.0432584322988987,
0.0073321000672876835,
-0.015311016701161861,
0.060775190591812134,
0.030433813109993935,
-0.008372107520699501,
-0.04825272783637047,
0.007062521297484636,
-0.0001110435914597474,
-0.056183669716119766,
0.007227030582726002,
-0.026319662109017372,
0.03871737793087959,
0.013279322534799576,
0.048092521727085114,
-0.00558142876252532,
-0.09649026393890381,
0.0074150897562503815,
-0.05570942535996437,
0.006123282015323639,
0.0878278985619545,
-0.007094111293554306,
0.01299350243061781,
-0.02469690889120102,
-0.009545419365167618,
-0.008773998357355595,
0.06533116847276688,
0.021344730630517006,
-0.050409939140081406,
-0.003893151180818677,
-0.011893910355865955,
-0.03766412287950516,
0.04605264589190483,
-0.010555497370660305,
-0.026362475007772446,
0.040535759180784225,
0.026546822860836983,
-0.02235284447669983,
-0.040832340717315674,
-0.0014551680069416761,
-0.05066012591123581,
0.055156681686639786,
0.06826835125684738,
-0.02742229960858822,
0.09583619236946106,
-0.039103731513023376,
0.0024416425731033087,
0.00008211175008909777,
0.07485288381576538,
-0.00537207443267107,
-0.0013366363709792495,
-0.0673372820019722,
0.021847551688551903,
0.016413742676377296,
-0.0185470562428236,
0.028153071179986,
0.031190689653158188,
0.03486402705311775,
-0.01910405606031418,
-0.05238858982920647,
0.044290971010923386,
-0.027425045147538185,
-0.03469805419445038,
-0.009665547870099545,
0.00878877192735672,
0.011990200728178024,
-0.04704480618238449,
0.029171686619520187,
0.020752478390932083,
-0.26838967204093933,
0.04688575491309166,
0.013985008001327515,
0.0389215387403965,
-0.009413699619472027,
0.032091423869132996,
-0.027530917897820473,
-0.08161567151546478,
0.0033429230097681284,
-0.03190675750374794,
0.033987805247306824,
0.09457771480083466,
0.08022526651620865,
0.050376150757074356,
-0.04652253910899162,
-0.0007132062455639243,
-0.013045611791312695,
-0.009001615457236767,
0.01895705610513687,
-0.04851590469479561,
0.01757168211042881,
-0.07115454226732254,
0.11560075730085373,
0.0795862004160881,
0.012238415889441967,
-0.009510946460068226,
0.03370632603764534,
0.06218565255403519,
-0.03921255096793175,
0.06205727905035019,
0.03603922575712204,
-0.050220515578985214,
0.06722965836524963,
0.011211621575057507,
0.00040108183748088777,
0.018162086606025696,
0.007110160775482655,
-0.0069695329293608665,
0.009960037656128407,
0.020633846521377563,
-0.03365165740251541,
-0.0034365118481218815,
0.010889223776757717,
-0.044979214668273926,
0.04799693822860718,
0.003268997883424163,
-0.008536708541214466,
-0.07507014274597168,
-0.03127659857273102,
0.0006179417250677943,
-0.03233528509736061,
-0.029217984527349472,
0.026518194004893303,
-0.04243117570877075,
0.0018715404439717531,
-0.049336060881614685,
-0.016034966334700584,
-0.009005785919725895,
-0.009468691423535347,
0.01573818176984787,
0.028055846691131592,
-0.03364146500825882,
-0.11543267220258713,
0.08905623108148575,
0.04011847823858261
] |
PMID:19545
|
Platelet-aggregating factor and the aggregation of fixed washed platelets.
|
Platelet-aggregating factor (PAF) was removed from bovine plasma by human platelets fixed with 2% formaldehyde. The degree of adsorption was directly related to the platelet concentration and the length of incubation. Fixed washed platelets (FWP) aggregated with bovine plasma could be deaggregated by 1M KCl, Evans blue, and 8M urea but not by beta-galactosidase. Incubation with 1M KCl eluted some but not all of the PAF, as the deaggregated platelets spontaneously aggregated upon removal of the deaggregating conditions. Also, fixed platelets adsorbed PAF even in the presence of 1M salt or after treatment with Evans blue. Platelet aggregation was not affected by thrombin (20 micron/ml) but was abolished by trypsin at concentrations as low as 4 X 10(-1) microgram/ml. The data suggest that deaggregation is not the result of elution of the loosely bound aggregating factor from the platelet surface, but rather the disruption of noncovalent interplatelet bridging between one or more PAF molecules bound to a specific receptor.
|
Platelet-aggregating factor and the aggregation of fixed washed platelets. Platelet-aggregating factor (PAF) was removed from bovine plasma by human platelets fixed with 2% formaldehyde. The degree of adsorption was directly related to the platelet concentration and the length of incubation. Fixed washed platelets (FWP) aggregated with bovine plasma could be deaggregated by 1M KCl, Evans blue, and 8M urea but not by beta-galactosidase. Incubation with 1M KCl eluted some but not all of the PAF, as the deaggregated platelets spontaneously aggregated upon removal of the deaggregating conditions. Also, fixed platelets adsorbed PAF even in the presence of 1M salt or after treatment with Evans blue. Platelet aggregation was not affected by thrombin (20 micron/ml) but was abolished by trypsin at concentrations as low as 4 X 10(-1) microgram/ml. The data suggest that deaggregation is not the result of elution of the loosely bound aggregating factor from the platelet surface, but rather the disruption of noncovalent interplatelet bridging between one or more PAF molecules bound to a specific receptor.
|
[
-0.0752742737531662,
-0.010176864452660084,
-0.06689155101776123,
0.007622475270181894,
0.043152082711458206,
0.004223145544528961,
0.03326511010527611,
0.05900849029421806,
-0.043009400367736816,
-0.012234525755047798,
0.030993303284049034,
-0.07635833323001862,
-0.028797006234526634,
0.00677988026291132,
-0.037117768079042435,
-0.023283816874027252,
-0.015801623463630676,
0.05161220580339432,
-0.095278300344944,
-0.014854991808533669,
-0.036543186753988266,
-0.04637955129146576,
-0.06904108822345734,
-0.0030877201352268457,
0.042665693908929825,
0.07214736938476562,
-0.02579226903617382,
-0.04373234137892723,
-0.034235768020153046,
-0.1989743411540985,
0.0061067440547049046,
0.0010147729190066457,
-0.006491386331617832,
0.009551767259836197,
0.007473751436918974,
0.07108797878026962,
-0.013800001703202724,
-0.026147572323679924,
-0.014482449740171432,
0.030955249443650246,
0.03587424382567406,
-0.012835611589252949,
-0.047656577080488205,
0.059637993574142456,
0.05017175152897835,
0.021684987470507622,
-0.07072179019451141,
-0.0017935505602508783,
0.04785062372684479,
0.06112896651029587,
0.04273086041212082,
-0.0398765504360199,
-0.050191670656204224,
0.09457412362098694,
0.007059300784021616,
-0.002594205318018794,
-0.01614418625831604,
-0.00973889883607626,
0.030759437009692192,
0.03924053534865379,
0.014680539257824421,
0.026728851720690727,
-0.16558709740638733,
0.12472411245107651,
0.08027420938014984,
0.015601124614477158,
0.013636196963489056,
-0.04325588792562485,
0.031778622418642044,
0.10085590183734894,
-0.046844515949487686,
0.0981413796544075,
0.010825255885720253,
-0.023517804220318794,
0.03904682770371437,
-0.017879091203212738,
-0.0010038436157628894,
-0.029659857973456383,
0.04414832219481468,
0.01961430348455906,
-0.04205487668514252,
-0.008991696871817112,
-0.05174541845917702,
-0.038642629981040955,
-0.042040590196847916,
0.02181440405547619,
0.02009228616952896,
-0.06448914110660553,
-0.019634991884231567,
0.014966834336519241,
0.005651228595525026,
-0.05300207436084747,
0.00039239382022060454,
0.03313077613711357,
-0.03125551715493202,
0.06034141406416893,
0.007286765147000551,
0.005673245992511511,
0.04528447985649109,
0.3191852271556854,
-0.028027432039380074,
0.031970687210559845,
-0.041524216532707214,
-0.005390101112425327,
-0.01645691506564617,
0.008699432946741581,
0.013919130899012089,
0.06674899160861969,
0.013795974664390087,
0.06534749269485474,
0.0022621690295636654,
0.028321510180830956,
0.0747809112071991,
-0.06786859780550003,
0.024982253089547157,
-0.03266511857509613,
-0.026051338762044907,
0.020555127412080765,
-0.02179235965013504,
0.05676761642098427,
0.019489213824272156,
0.014563459903001785,
-0.013837063685059547,
-0.04074717313051224,
0.033015985041856766,
0.05097372829914093,
0.030918821692466736,
0.1087372824549675,
0.05541735142469406,
-0.05400055646896362,
0.0032489136792719364,
-0.02282746694982052,
-0.028830982744693756,
-0.031122639775276184,
0.03300554305315018,
0.009821834973990917,
0.016128649935126305,
0.03026648797094822,
0.04405469447374344,
0.011133727617561817,
-0.005718625616282225,
-0.015105601400136948,
-0.06166863441467285,
-0.0631318986415863,
-0.024898724630475044,
0.11931145191192627,
-0.009851593524217606,
0.024968067184090614,
-0.017323004081845284,
-0.059662286192178726,
-0.0018701262306421995,
0.05460124462842941,
-0.03970801830291748,
0.038252200931310654,
-0.006745040416717529,
0.04044709354639053,
-0.02018504962325096,
0.022447895258665085,
0.00919131189584732,
0.001960709923878312,
-0.05918814614415169,
0.017185028642416,
-0.037876810878515244,
0.05206131562590599,
-0.021279172971844673,
-0.07548671960830688,
0.00120242265984416,
-0.0271048191934824,
-0.01470295898616314,
-0.004695643670856953,
-0.016250072047114372,
-0.03909887373447418,
0.0002900934196077287,
-0.06458169221878052,
0.0005097085377201438,
-0.011531286872923374,
-0.012856904417276382,
0.011888079345226288,
0.03802277892827988,
-0.030140066519379616,
0.020097779110074043,
-0.008149056695401669,
-0.022664541378617287,
0.022989550605416298,
0.04169447720050812,
-0.036439064890146255,
-0.048428770154714584,
0.026217782869935036,
0.04353854060173035,
0.06253864616155624,
-0.052687980234622955,
-0.016441619023680687,
-0.008037520572543144,
0.01680498570203781,
0.004634378477931023,
-0.05465898662805557,
-0.05041084811091423,
-0.03208267688751221,
-0.008143581449985504,
-0.0454755499958992,
0.09159242361783981,
-0.02571338787674904,
0.001685448456555605,
0.046255555003881454,
0.09024327993392944,
0.0996330976486206,
-0.007318144664168358,
-0.04279861971735954,
0.0035655698738992214,
-0.03040270134806633,
0.04514548182487488,
0.02197604440152645,
-0.040676433593034744,
-0.0075522540137171745,
-0.017881369218230247,
0.05530547723174095,
-0.044062815606594086,
-0.055169478058815,
0.027870118618011475,
0.010276546701788902,
0.05597477778792381,
-0.04103207215666771,
-0.006760244257748127,
-0.3228839039802551,
-0.01680881157517433,
0.03952687233686447,
0.004540400579571724,
0.03577393293380737,
-0.03019336424767971,
0.0020645924378186464,
-0.04822133108973503,
-0.005278949625790119,
-0.012947900220751762,
0.02395349182188511,
0.09711334854364395,
-0.04424489662051201,
-0.07270549982786179,
0.01731981709599495,
0.08153044432401657,
0.033643510192632675,
-0.03041725605726242,
-0.014656773768365383,
-0.010489856824278831,
0.002943577943369746,
0.00625591678544879,
-0.0034071148838847876,
0.05454302579164505,
0.08461199700832367,
0.01364669669419527,
0.14085836708545685,
-0.02946094051003456,
-0.07193083316087723,
0.03147600591182709,
0.03558380901813507,
0.09092818200588226,
0.027095263823866844,
-0.042351074516773224,
0.013886685483157635,
-0.004271537531167269,
-0.007641771342605352,
-0.042039431631565094,
0.001857819501310587,
-0.0197766050696373,
-0.011208322830498219,
-0.027631407603621483,
-0.015363307669758797,
-0.10906459391117096,
-0.07767100632190704,
0.011543056927621365,
-0.02574341557919979,
0.018608691170811653,
-0.0057706283405423164,
0.05562657490372658,
0.04889560118317604,
-0.08130292594432831,
0.037617117166519165,
0.02613772079348564,
0.04196111857891083,
-0.009186942130327225,
-0.005201173946261406,
-0.007764881942421198,
-0.09335238486528397,
0.031201906502246857,
0.033512040972709656,
0.010535924695432186,
-0.0036405802238732576,
-0.013933029025793076,
0.005488219205290079,
0.02944871224462986,
0.07525523006916046,
0.015328721143305302,
0.028514033183455467,
0.03563603386282921,
-0.0072102537378668785,
0.09725318104028702,
-0.02424473501741886,
0.029409898445010185,
0.0436241440474987,
0.03087201714515686,
-0.03308417275547981,
-0.0012709125876426697,
-0.01248585619032383,
-0.006648816633969545,
0.06259153038263321,
-0.060284242033958435,
0.05468391627073288,
0.00036746732075698674,
-0.01634293422102928,
0.006819677539169788,
-0.010061701759696007,
-0.030793827027082443,
0.0031965323723852634,
0.04466948285698891,
-0.029342155903577805,
0.00022563542006537318,
-0.06321671605110168,
-0.005841607693582773,
0.043252892792224884,
0.01862688735127449,
-0.2796441316604614,
0.004980617202818394,
0.0030258335173130035,
-0.011837904341518879,
-0.05180104076862335,
0.026512132957577705,
0.05053822696208954,
-0.03777886927127838,
-0.005950792692601681,
0.008904588408768177,
-0.035200078040361404,
0.020022999495267868,
0.06935864686965942,
-0.09661906957626343,
0.00040474545676261187,
0.029332056641578674,
0.003978085238486528,
-0.015876978635787964,
-0.007073356304317713,
-0.05814049020409584,
-0.016475627198815346,
-0.06661708652973175,
0.10270339995622635,
-0.02771655283868313,
-0.020389018580317497,
-0.025742020457983017,
0.01272406056523323,
-0.023493211716413498,
-0.08564304560422897,
0.018594447523355484,
-0.0055145095102488995,
-0.028864914551377296,
0.04909411445260048,
-0.007784562651067972,
0.0005529636982828379,
-0.02695600315928459,
-0.020773671567440033,
-0.019822005182504654,
0.02907361276447773,
0.03128723055124283,
-0.0035617349203675985,
0.029180027544498444,
-0.05670607089996338,
-0.00536346435546875,
0.023120814934372902,
-0.0375753715634346,
-0.02350001037120819,
-0.028668679296970367,
0.026394685730338097,
0.03227788954973221,
-0.024957869201898575,
0.008938124403357506,
0.04112658277153969,
-0.010203545913100243,
-0.009870835579931736,
-0.01219117920845747,
-0.004043806344270706,
-0.001817347132600844,
-0.027493376284837723,
0.05932850390672684,
0.04861999675631523,
0.0008494786452502012,
-0.03130544722080231,
0.09608355909585953,
-0.004024471156299114
] |
PMID:19547
|
A comparison of lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation in growing male rats.
|
During adipose tissue development changes in lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte precede significant changes in fat cell size. Lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte increases fourfold from the second to seventh postnatal week. Furthermore, when isolated adipocytes and stromal--vascular cells are prepared by collagenase digestion of adipose tissue, there is a progressive shift in enzyme activity during development from the stromal-vascular compartment to the adipocyte fraction. The data support the concept that during normal development a "bed" of preadipocytes is synthesized during the suckling period. The data further suggest a regulatory role for lipoprotein lipase in the control of "lipid-filling" during early postnatal development.
|
A comparison of lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation in growing male rats. During adipose tissue development changes in lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte precede significant changes in fat cell size. Lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte increases fourfold from the second to seventh postnatal week. Furthermore, when isolated adipocytes and stromal--vascular cells are prepared by collagenase digestion of adipose tissue, there is a progressive shift in enzyme activity during development from the stromal-vascular compartment to the adipocyte fraction. The data support the concept that during normal development a "bed" of preadipocytes is synthesized during the suckling period. The data further suggest a regulatory role for lipoprotein lipase in the control of "lipid-filling" during early postnatal development.
|
[
-0.010781446471810341,
-0.015024916268885136,
0.017384417355060577,
0.022380974143743515,
-0.046077631413936615,
0.018681392073631287,
-0.012795789167284966,
0.04349255934357643,
-0.010742987506091595,
-0.0067949434742331505,
0.006513822358101606,
-0.062269240617752075,
-0.020942777395248413,
0.014553189277648926,
-0.028554826974868774,
-0.040802955627441406,
-0.012583978474140167,
-0.003861132310703397,
-0.09243521094322205,
0.006449192296713591,
0.020223908126354218,
-0.008738708682358265,
0.06740260124206543,
-0.05159809812903404,
0.023324396461248398,
-0.039545804262161255,
-0.023666150867938995,
-0.0432467982172966,
-0.03942139074206352,
-0.18971221148967743,
0.050329457968473434,
-0.06052524596452713,
0.015682362020015717,
-0.040566738694906235,
0.0639396384358406,
0.02819523960351944,
-0.0003523738996591419,
0.028370440006256104,
-0.03800080716609955,
0.02965245023369789,
0.03764703497290611,
0.020310083404183388,
-0.013268263079226017,
0.0044097439385950565,
0.04060972481966019,
0.03014591708779335,
0.00889632198959589,
0.030312273651361465,
0.016897985711693764,
0.018293771892786026,
0.019616425037384033,
-0.008756929077208042,
0.025073125958442688,
0.040915023535490036,
0.0035676746629178524,
0.026391930878162384,
0.04423841834068298,
0.023871615529060364,
0.031212778761982918,
0.05186370015144348,
-0.031297795474529266,
0.0012536597205325961,
-0.13804985582828522,
0.1190139576792717,
0.03749484196305275,
-0.001802682178094983,
-0.02345510572195053,
-0.037718456238508224,
-0.0015021661529317498,
0.014558467082679272,
-0.038533154875040054,
0.09208189696073532,
0.0031763031147420406,
-0.025251800194382668,
0.008066533133387566,
-0.022594550624489784,
-0.02021593414247036,
0.0005614573019556701,
0.025625618174672127,
0.037347450852394104,
0.006536200176924467,
-0.04167500510811806,
0.02164762280881405,
0.022193588316440582,
-0.056639816612005234,
0.008371547795832157,
-0.031578272581100464,
-0.0652647316455841,
-0.006116371601819992,
0.02666858211159706,
-0.07793687283992767,
-0.03767228126525879,
-0.015939218923449516,
0.012845044024288654,
-0.06702889502048492,
0.04155990853905678,
0.07022510468959808,
-0.05603758245706558,
-0.024604761973023415,
0.4064940810203552,
0.00811509694904089,
0.0037000623997300863,
-0.046180177479982376,
0.024957850575447083,
-0.05574570968747139,
0.009617183357477188,
-0.05330977216362953,
0.012133527547121048,
-0.00664182472974062,
0.03381070867180824,
0.034824348986148834,
0.0157450083643198,
-0.014869992621243,
-0.04825960844755173,
-0.014330197125673294,
-0.08071212470531464,
-0.00009437791595701128,
0.048113636672496796,
-0.014267162419855595,
0.09771838039159775,
-0.038156233727931976,
0.020676204934716225,
0.025089675560593605,
-0.002987855114042759,
0.07186762243509293,
0.015622780658304691,
0.009985880926251411,
0.11278822273015976,
0.054926469922065735,
-0.021975716575980186,
0.03245978802442551,
0.07214043289422989,
-0.06065725162625313,
0.00840794574469328,
0.0217265747487545,
-0.013414988294243813,
0.029081419110298157,
-0.013164788484573364,
-0.009248718619346619,
-0.036369793117046356,
0.03990413248538971,
0.0398329459130764,
-0.04053058847784996,
-0.0704067125916481,
-0.009551194496452808,
0.12325552850961685,
0.02708950825035572,
0.055888425558805466,
0.013236938044428825,
-0.02822490967810154,
0.0131863197311759,
0.02479293942451477,
0.01891823671758175,
0.05273647978901863,
0.024481983855366707,
0.00005674030398949981,
-0.01855735294520855,
-0.01872984506189823,
0.0035954806953668594,
-0.02266557700932026,
-0.07714451104402542,
-0.01183506939560175,
0.00347572797909379,
-0.00797946099191904,
0.028742481023073196,
0.0013107550330460072,
-0.029792964458465576,
-0.03298722580075264,
0.043371234089136124,
-0.013287844136357307,
-0.007819069549441338,
-0.0038830453995615244,
-0.011098471470177174,
-0.03637215122580528,
-0.04225596785545349,
0.01728353463113308,
0.03216172754764557,
0.04270842671394348,
-0.005012972746044397,
0.014215530827641487,
0.06658873707056046,
-0.1128624826669693,
-0.01285445224493742,
0.018601467832922935,
-0.019986122846603394,
-0.056119248270988464,
-0.02962351404130459,
0.0021298029460012913,
0.04720085486769676,
0.06417525559663773,
-0.07810934633016586,
-0.00406423257663846,
-0.11335785686969757,
-0.03869689255952835,
-0.056494589895009995,
-0.05918212607502937,
0.005245417822152376,
0.054738253355026245,
-0.007748209871351719,
-0.02793200872838497,
0.06562292575836182,
-0.04286728426814079,
0.06271003186702728,
0.028163788840174675,
-0.019071688875555992,
0.0880240947008133,
-0.019406335428357124,
-0.0381842777132988,
0.06692789494991302,
0.0363544225692749,
-0.07323490083217621,
0.017190316691994667,
-0.04766310006380081,
-0.010361519642174244,
-0.029285738244652748,
0.06368914246559143,
0.008495235815644264,
-0.047062262892723083,
0.01755516231060028,
0.01775163784623146,
0.008997302502393723,
-0.0009502333705313504,
0.004334236029535532,
-0.2878361940383911,
-0.00997738353908062,
0.08779975026845932,
-0.016834260895848274,
-0.01502209808677435,
-0.04657362028956413,
-0.015366633422672749,
-0.033778462558984756,
-0.003643962787464261,
-0.05421828478574753,
0.0204694252461195,
0.06089937686920166,
-0.025915278121829033,
0.01846146024763584,
-0.011748652905225754,
0.03934662416577339,
0.029291557148098946,
-0.021441828459501266,
0.007464070338755846,
0.0007463811198249459,
0.003816522192209959,
-0.010340962558984756,
-0.017686307430267334,
0.010848025791347027,
0.17720168828964233,
-0.04626355320215225,
0.10864946991205215,
0.004190507810562849,
0.0006470421212725341,
-0.011023496277630329,
0.026583287864923477,
0.03161689266562462,
-0.034051913768053055,
-0.10969315469264984,
0.03469167649745941,
-0.01863335445523262,
-0.03920373320579529,
-0.019155701622366905,
0.009778143838047981,
-0.01752706803381443,
-0.029632456600666046,
0.004150639288127422,
-0.016268087550997734,
-0.03842882439494133,
-0.06934681534767151,
-0.04446806386113167,
0.006559026427567005,
0.020047446712851524,
0.05155596509575844,
-0.0034532544668763876,
0.029941121116280556,
-0.03591058403253555,
0.028782956302165985,
0.003946409560739994,
0.01379478257149458,
-0.037630319595336914,
0.017259659245610237,
0.0571710467338562,
-0.041247524321079254,
-0.008588900789618492,
-0.04775777459144592,
-0.03560891002416611,
-0.012722721323370934,
-0.00601941766217351,
-0.0057447683066129684,
0.029528576880693436,
-0.017511194571852684,
-0.035383254289627075,
-0.028651416301727295,
-0.0011772984871640801,
0.005849908571690321,
0.042852070182561874,
-0.036069225519895554,
-0.01546955294907093,
0.05178656429052353,
-0.014215598814189434,
-0.025557028129696846,
-0.025346597656607628,
-0.06619919091463089,
-0.0037393318489193916,
-0.026440797373652458,
-0.08701704442501068,
0.038116443902254105,
-0.004895484074950218,
0.008000841364264488,
-0.016970593482255936,
0.006620876025408506,
-0.029022248461842537,
0.006479599513113499,
0.005889545194804668,
0.05176448076963425,
0.020865775644779205,
0.0020774221047759056,
-0.03110099956393242,
0.04278445243835449,
-0.005970832891762257,
-0.2911278307437897,
0.06520849466323853,
0.030551575124263763,
0.0037782960571348667,
-0.0017069753957912326,
0.012359187938272953,
0.02011922188103199,
0.011439753696322441,
0.0077438559383153915,
0.04187483713030815,
-0.019994404166936874,
0.0004726327897515148,
0.09149216115474701,
0.09541979432106018,
-0.0426439493894577,
0.0015164765063673258,
0.03878941386938095,
0.010762064717710018,
0.021920552477240562,
-0.05225810408592224,
-0.007130212616175413,
-0.035798683762550354,
0.13276289403438568,
-0.022393684834241867,
-0.0025189421139657497,
0.022219598293304443,
-0.01833779737353325,
0.007300704251974821,
-0.01729438453912735,
0.0059104617685079575,
0.0014430645387619734,
0.034340012818574905,
0.0671834796667099,
-0.0035434849560260773,
0.015560354106128216,
0.11862047016620636,
0.003896260866895318,
0.0010386818321421742,
-0.029341328889131546,
-0.01439981535077095,
0.05424290895462036,
-0.06259728223085403,
-0.03689888119697571,
0.018122781068086624,
0.025177370756864548,
-0.01790742576122284,
0.007376224733889103,
0.02411537617444992,
0.022259749472141266,
-0.00681450916454196,
-0.03968879207968712,
-0.039607398211956024,
0.007869069464504719,
0.038416869938373566,
0.014586251229047775,
-0.04186734929680824,
-0.009086516685783863,
-0.014468406327068806,
-0.008542883209884167,
0.01362399198114872,
0.035439617931842804,
0.005261900369077921,
-0.06514406949281693,
0.07403570413589478,
0.04948730021715164
] |
PMID:19548
|
Blood respiratory properties of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) kept in water of high CO2 tension.
|
1. Blood O2 transport and acid-base balance were studied at 20 degrees C in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) which had been kept in water of high CO2 content (15 mmHg) for at least a week. Also the blood gas chemistry of fish rapidly entering or leaving the hypercapnic environment was studied. 2. Fish entering high CO2 water suffered a sharp decrease in blood pH which significantly reduced O2 transport by the blood, but after a few hours considerable compensation was achieved. 3. After at least a week in high CO2 water, trout showed elevated plasma bicarbonate and PCO2 levels, and a decrease in plasma chloride, while pH was about 0 - 1 pH unit below the level for control fish. Oxygen transport by the blood was marginally reduced. 4. Hypercapnic fish rapidly entering fresh water showed a sharp increase in blood pH and a decrease in blood PO2. These parameters regained normal values after a few hours but plasma bicarbonate and chloride levels took much longer to regain control concentrations. 5. Acid-base balance in hypercapnic fish is discussed with particular reference to the role of the branchial ion exchanges.
|
Blood respiratory properties of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) kept in water of high CO2 tension. 1. Blood O2 transport and acid-base balance were studied at 20 degrees C in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) which had been kept in water of high CO2 content (15 mmHg) for at least a week. Also the blood gas chemistry of fish rapidly entering or leaving the hypercapnic environment was studied. 2. Fish entering high CO2 water suffered a sharp decrease in blood pH which significantly reduced O2 transport by the blood, but after a few hours considerable compensation was achieved. 3. After at least a week in high CO2 water, trout showed elevated plasma bicarbonate and PCO2 levels, and a decrease in plasma chloride, while pH was about 0 - 1 pH unit below the level for control fish. Oxygen transport by the blood was marginally reduced. 4. Hypercapnic fish rapidly entering fresh water showed a sharp increase in blood pH and a decrease in blood PO2. These parameters regained normal values after a few hours but plasma bicarbonate and chloride levels took much longer to regain control concentrations. 5. Acid-base balance in hypercapnic fish is discussed with particular reference to the role of the branchial ion exchanges.
|
[
-0.03503234684467316,
-0.01998642459511757,
0.004401536658406258,
0.06703038513660431,
-0.012916416861116886,
-0.04424065724015236,
0.08987639099359512,
0.024274656549096107,
-0.06877408176660538,
0.02470337599515915,
0.026195650920271873,
-0.11040743440389633,
-0.008228634484112263,
0.030046692118048668,
0.005102252587676048,
-0.0335448794066906,
0.025343632325530052,
0.006219318602234125,
-0.09486406296491623,
0.023602765053510666,
0.02416045032441616,
0.02591588906943798,
0.016815228387713432,
-0.05099393427371979,
0.022094039246439934,
0.013901515863835812,
-0.05544773116707802,
0.0402412973344326,
-0.026987450197339058,
-0.18567976355552673,
-0.007138221524655819,
-0.01641549915075302,
-0.0008145549218170345,
-0.05681319534778595,
-0.039017584174871445,
0.05531669035553932,
-0.008922102861106396,
-0.04210861027240753,
0.0009276610217057168,
0.06603451818227768,
0.029644273221492767,
0.04601991921663284,
-0.019177647307515144,
0.07858853042125702,
-0.029996823519468307,
0.018079353496432304,
-0.021998777985572815,
0.025202957913279533,
0.11989688873291016,
-0.0037480234168469906,
-0.040071871131658554,
0.01900947093963623,
0.017438696697354317,
0.02490554377436638,
-0.0006226917612366378,
-0.030448168516159058,
0.04550440236926079,
0.014336945489048958,
0.037043433636426926,
-0.031486064195632935,
0.026073314249515533,
0.03608056157827377,
-0.11285889148712158,
0.03689534589648247,
0.03184397518634796,
0.061391592025756836,
-0.07682168483734131,
-0.005032802000641823,
0.05395963415503502,
-0.01344025693833828,
-0.053653962910175323,
0.027451451867818832,
0.02434600330889225,
-0.03461327403783798,
0.061492644250392914,
-0.015994835644960403,
-0.038961879909038544,
0.00868065096437931,
0.02359524741768837,
-0.025607571005821228,
-0.03127887472510338,
-0.03187749534845352,
0.045066289603710175,
-0.0009981131879612803,
0.022602293640375137,
-0.01632305420935154,
0.06345284730195999,
-0.05451337620615959,
-0.054338447749614716,
-0.006960401311516762,
-0.01630523055791855,
-0.0898771733045578,
-0.04230252280831337,
0.005496592726558447,
-0.06258409470319748,
0.07316914200782776,
0.008008143864572048,
-0.0067630852572619915,
-0.02795671485364437,
0.3836298882961273,
0.01731754094362259,
0.01561252772808075,
-0.0021229523699730635,
0.04037345200777054,
0.009951294399797916,
-0.023648731410503387,
-0.0010237620444968343,
0.027694664895534515,
-0.027322717010974884,
-0.0037720792461186647,
0.008538935333490372,
-0.007102805655449629,
0.03566855937242508,
-0.02267971821129322,
-0.017330901697278023,
0.03487499803304672,
0.027152441442012787,
-0.002514258027076721,
-0.00842635054141283,
0.02571355737745762,
-0.06974538415670395,
0.017209412530064583,
0.03481360152363777,
0.017285022884607315,
0.07065100967884064,
0.025960301980376244,
0.08429277688264847,
0.01284745428711176,
0.048388805240392685,
0.022636093199253082,
0.047633666545152664,
0.01866406574845314,
-0.009138130582869053,
-0.052379023283720016,
-0.0749066025018692,
0.007187852635979652,
0.07456111162900925,
-0.03335489332675934,
0.0046899705193936825,
0.003645544173195958,
-0.03493049368262291,
-0.05161537602543831,
-0.015019623562693596,
-0.08236929029226303,
-0.0524052269756794,
0.06269464641809464,
0.0313502661883831,
0.02805870771408081,
-0.05450080335140228,
-0.04271835461258888,
-0.028946777805685997,
0.0032619175035506487,
0.03533192351460457,
-0.003105353331193328,
-0.0112874461337924,
-0.004083255771547556,
-0.04169030115008354,
0.04984092339873314,
0.017527008429169655,
-0.037897028028964996,
-0.05314495414495468,
0.021569499745965004,
-0.002917023841291666,
0.013584467582404613,
0.044019389897584915,
-0.009913329035043716,
0.00802928302437067,
-0.021477416157722473,
0.008056522347033024,
0.05068584904074669,
-0.005033289082348347,
-0.014214985072612762,
0.06204860284924507,
-0.09356538206338882,
0.0369735062122345,
0.01046739798039198,
-0.019418368116021156,
0.020021788775920868,
0.03486056998372078,
-0.0174160897731781,
0.054870277643203735,
0.054820336401462555,
-0.04993525519967079,
0.03444511070847511,
0.04345673695206642,
-0.04204916954040527,
-0.09282233566045761,
-0.05269581079483032,
-0.038155149668455124,
0.08347654342651367,
-0.052303217351436615,
-0.05788012593984604,
-0.031418051570653915,
0.03747943043708801,
0.03010893613100052,
-0.0029145879670977592,
0.019350986927747726,
-0.01872517541050911,
0.012180526740849018,
0.013307399116456509,
0.04921193793416023,
-0.019460849463939667,
-0.013278413563966751,
0.009556986391544342,
0.026525376364588737,
0.006748283747583628,
0.028109723702073097,
-0.028002088889479637,
-0.01754572056233883,
0.03130031377077103,
0.005875514354556799,
0.0009085942292585969,
-0.0744677186012268,
0.034014031291007996,
-0.06301678717136383,
-0.006084423512220383,
-0.002653400646522641,
0.026372281834483147,
0.03018576093018055,
-0.011379732750356197,
0.06127794459462166,
-0.13965648412704468,
-0.04420469328761101,
-0.316185861825943,
0.025718649849295616,
0.0178593210875988,
0.006171320099383593,
0.08204684406518936,
-0.03866534307599068,
0.017987914383411407,
-0.019198523834347725,
0.03756957873702049,
-0.019986027851700783,
0.011783727444708347,
-0.020644675940275192,
-0.027524590492248535,
-0.03915131837129593,
0.047172993421554565,
0.047608837485313416,
0.048483844846487045,
-0.00856256578117609,
0.044731322675943375,
0.041293561458587646,
0.03398291766643524,
0.012529619969427586,
0.016518356278538704,
0.029108740389347076,
0.07566037029027939,
-0.03157749027013779,
0.11314969509840012,
-0.08837287127971649,
0.02809447981417179,
-0.024190068244934082,
0.01802976056933403,
0.010945688933134079,
0.009821472689509392,
-0.08005107939243317,
-0.006847535725682974,
-0.057412851601839066,
-0.01255177240818739,
0.007155125495046377,
-0.011534546501934528,
-0.05718511343002319,
-0.013495302759110928,
0.025112904608249664,
-0.0599963404238224,
-0.009314343333244324,
-0.012107649818062782,
0.013029759749770164,
0.02183019369840622,
0.020449578762054443,
-0.03412884846329689,
-0.06737254559993744,
0.038552604615688324,
0.029840582981705666,
-0.011691904626786709,
-0.04806092754006386,
0.04022025689482689,
-0.024805720895528793,
-0.023165758699178696,
0.031698573380708694,
-0.10341387987136841,
-0.028338925912976265,
-0.024563584476709366,
-0.006437125150114298,
0.0042777154594659805,
0.005217535886913538,
0.014705229550600052,
0.03157690539956093,
0.04071497544646263,
-0.023489082232117653,
0.01477703358978033,
0.004943362437188625,
0.03768451139330864,
0.06875371187925339,
-0.012140068225562572,
0.03786511719226837,
0.025513840839266777,
0.03882567211985588,
-0.028892844915390015,
-0.06771209090948105,
0.04064692184329033,
-0.05388588458299637,
0.02867722138762474,
-0.0476917140185833,
0.07273884117603302,
0.01982446014881134,
0.023474931716918945,
0.01831631176173687,
0.010318842716515064,
-0.046445298939943314,
0.013377434574067593,
0.05324457585811615,
0.019971003755927086,
-0.009628602303564548,
-0.04105241596698761,
-0.05080546438694,
0.04438014328479767,
0.06511078029870987,
-0.25976741313934326,
-0.05786852538585663,
-0.005728156305849552,
-0.030443040654063225,
-0.018737362697720528,
0.03719167038798332,
-0.006696268450468779,
-0.02674061432480812,
-0.011649834923446178,
0.06346216797828674,
-0.009827793575823307,
0.06604495644569397,
0.07271476835012436,
0.09333696216344833,
0.0030486013274639845,
0.01133802067488432,
0.023907549679279327,
-0.0621805414557457,
0.02937999926507473,
0.016115570440888405,
-0.0009920018492266536,
-0.0066778096370399,
0.10832937061786652,
-0.011045900173485279,
-0.04771864041686058,
-0.01924218237400055,
-0.0009025683393701911,
-0.008900848217308521,
-0.065066859126091,
0.07151535153388977,
0.05910944193601608,
0.006553564686328173,
0.04835820943117142,
-0.04906107857823372,
0.03280096501111984,
0.0652928277850151,
-0.027142910286784172,
-0.03217175230383873,
0.04495716840028763,
-0.024473762139678,
0.0015977100702002645,
-0.0039613982662558556,
-0.03416307270526886,
-0.04311058670282364,
0.04279138147830963,
-0.020387820899486542,
-0.031953152269124985,
-0.03681270778179169,
0.0047600059770047665,
0.00037933167186565697,
-0.09044300019741058,
-0.033243849873542786,
0.013248470611870289,
-0.001561105833388865,
-0.01066543348133564,
-0.009224051609635353,
0.03897572308778763,
-0.058563895523548126,
-0.023744218051433563,
-0.05478212237358093,
0.08296877890825272,
-0.03623725473880768,
-0.01680915802717209,
0.07392682880163193,
0.05279087275266647
] |
PMID:19549
|
pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood from the Antarctic cod Dissostichus mawsoni.
|
Blood pH in the antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni) and in two Trematomus species, occlrring at --1-9 degrees C, is extremely high (approximately 8-2 to 8-3). This supports and extends Rahn's (1966) model for the temperature-pH relationship in cold-blooded vertebrates. The blood of D. mawsoni shows a low oxygen affinity (P50 approximately equal to 14-5 mmHg at pH 8-16 and -1-9 degrees C). Despite normal in vitro temperature and pH sensitivities, blood P50 increases only slightly when live fish are temperature-stressed (+ 4-0 degrees C), or become acidotic as a result of agitational stress (blood pH 7-71), primarily as a result of compensatory decreases in blood ATP levels. Oxygen-binding properties of 'stripped' (cofactor-free) solutions of D. mawsoni haemoglobin were measured in attempts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the function of the pigment.
|
pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood from the Antarctic cod Dissostichus mawsoni. Blood pH in the antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni) and in two Trematomus species, occlrring at --1-9 degrees C, is extremely high (approximately 8-2 to 8-3). This supports and extends Rahn's (1966) model for the temperature-pH relationship in cold-blooded vertebrates. The blood of D. mawsoni shows a low oxygen affinity (P50 approximately equal to 14-5 mmHg at pH 8-16 and -1-9 degrees C). Despite normal in vitro temperature and pH sensitivities, blood P50 increases only slightly when live fish are temperature-stressed (+ 4-0 degrees C), or become acidotic as a result of agitational stress (blood pH 7-71), primarily as a result of compensatory decreases in blood ATP levels. Oxygen-binding properties of 'stripped' (cofactor-free) solutions of D. mawsoni haemoglobin were measured in attempts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the function of the pigment.
|
[
-0.07644912600517273,
0.05895046144723892,
0.00811703596264124,
0.020260276272892952,
0.050773635506629944,
-0.03014025278389454,
0.11375696957111359,
0.04981895163655281,
-0.04631490632891655,
-0.012040417641401291,
0.04802427440881729,
-0.1257341057062149,
0.017410537227988243,
0.047731053084135056,
-0.06646911799907684,
-0.007524461951106787,
0.017000935971736908,
-0.002726402133703232,
-0.05782800167798996,
0.02735280990600586,
0.02204030007123947,
-0.021711576730012894,
-0.005482845474034548,
-0.033628370612859726,
0.05836300551891327,
0.08526171743869781,
-0.04315604269504547,
0.03851240500807762,
-0.06332766264677048,
-0.18520285189151764,
-0.05152458697557449,
-0.01977021060883999,
0.05418745055794716,
-0.03190535306930542,
-0.024214237928390503,
0.0296547319740057,
-0.025487413629889488,
-0.061146724969148636,
-0.046799223870038986,
0.06267578899860382,
0.06857556849718094,
0.055855922400951385,
-0.009413577616214752,
0.050151485949754715,
-0.03892580047249794,
-0.01357584074139595,
-0.03631211817264557,
0.032657917588949203,
0.061878614127635956,
0.01152330543845892,
-0.047850560396909714,
-0.032779231667518616,
-0.03181562200188637,
0.044617217034101486,
0.009917231276631355,
-0.0013200544053688645,
0.03537329286336899,
0.0045446548610925674,
0.009942875243723392,
0.005591780412942171,
0.02164393477141857,
0.02297322265803814,
-0.12258197367191315,
0.09676700085401535,
0.05991775915026665,
0.02228792943060398,
-0.05253897234797478,
0.008188937790691853,
0.027005862444639206,
-0.025240197777748108,
-0.04892415553331375,
0.037447042763233185,
0.05285874754190445,
-0.03890678286552429,
0.0368342287838459,
-0.026526091620326042,
-0.015815066173672676,
-0.022237185388803482,
0.05317046493291855,
-0.0062981885857880116,
-0.06500954926013947,
0.004929319489747286,
0.013775298371911049,
-0.007357086054980755,
0.017347276210784912,
0.0038138048257678747,
0.047034211456775665,
-0.03872893750667572,
-0.0561126172542572,
0.027301743626594543,
-0.047560907900333405,
-0.08975117653608322,
-0.034120503813028336,
-0.008849046193063259,
-0.06103198602795601,
0.08571138232946396,
0.019851019605994225,
-0.0030725798569619656,
0.004185007885098457,
0.39192885160446167,
-0.03351390361785889,
0.044128064066171646,
-0.018433837220072746,
0.003465039422735572,
0.04839573800563812,
-0.01600082777440548,
0.012740013189613819,
0.02071346901357174,
-0.037135135382413864,
0.01817556843161583,
0.0005523969302885234,
-0.00036576861748471856,
0.02171868272125721,
-0.04778004065155983,
-0.017532896250486374,
0.028613178059458733,
0.0098717724904418,
0.005394261796027422,
-0.025460615754127502,
0.033275481313467026,
-0.06996776908636093,
-0.0035478579811751842,
0.03218002989888191,
-0.008318345062434673,
0.0903516411781311,
0.0514717698097229,
0.0011687392834573984,
0.12855903804302216,
0.059839166700839996,
-0.0020143534056842327,
0.04728946089744568,
0.014630230143666267,
0.00678936205804348,
-0.015835020691156387,
-0.052349694073200226,
-0.04001293703913689,
0.051132820546627045,
-0.04394236579537392,
0.00375668634660542,
0.006290573161095381,
-0.06668125838041306,
-0.05927009508013725,
-0.029382064938545227,
-0.04276682063937187,
-0.02888728305697441,
0.07756533473730087,
0.005802481900900602,
-0.007444905117154121,
-0.06657680869102478,
-0.028407784178853035,
-0.0663067176938057,
0.009856960736215115,
-0.0011236516293138266,
0.008289879187941551,
-0.015553821809589863,
0.00012821580457966775,
-0.030037611722946167,
-0.01929347775876522,
0.013269739225506783,
-0.06596808135509491,
-0.06577856093645096,
0.02241651341319084,
-0.006783985998481512,
0.00887200329452753,
0.0273538026958704,
0.0003061502065975219,
-0.019990907981991768,
-0.008409605361521244,
0.015174150466918945,
-0.003510773414745927,
0.008739452809095383,
-0.011184255592525005,
0.021346475929021835,
-0.05518274009227753,
0.007607371546328068,
0.026241010054945946,
0.02033982425928116,
0.021783703938126564,
0.02236928977072239,
-0.008495541289448738,
0.02763461507856846,
0.05174475908279419,
-0.01893574371933937,
-0.015565052628517151,
0.04078644514083862,
-0.012191317044198513,
-0.0905032604932785,
-0.00565312709659338,
-0.041607290506362915,
0.04245661571621895,
-0.019066039472818375,
-0.027051709592342377,
0.02434662915766239,
0.06538292020559311,
0.02284775860607624,
-0.004455421585589647,
-0.023946311324834824,
-0.008040046319365501,
-0.022146355360746384,
-0.009039255790412426,
0.09523219615221024,
-0.044026706367731094,
-0.027123089879751205,
0.011468954384326935,
0.07903316617012024,
-0.0019074991578236222,
0.07098538428544998,
-0.01600928232073784,
0.02438204735517502,
-0.0037233459297567606,
-0.029294505715370178,
0.02828415483236313,
-0.08014453947544098,
0.01600317656993866,
-0.01646215096116066,
-0.02492031641304493,
0.003243198385462165,
-0.040081970393657684,
0.033472176641225815,
0.0019567145500332117,
0.02468654327094555,
-0.1289084404706955,
-0.026196973398327827,
-0.31996476650238037,
0.00598998973146081,
0.0012966167414560914,
0.016392946243286133,
0.06752590835094452,
-0.02445879392325878,
0.0396873913705349,
-0.0014933570055291057,
0.020871993154287338,
-0.024851731956005096,
0.01982690952718258,
0.011311163194477558,
0.0006319714593701065,
-0.08523384481668472,
0.0544135682284832,
0.033752765506505966,
0.050583917647600174,
-0.013604901731014252,
0.05285412073135376,
0.0345725491642952,
0.02447924017906189,
0.026387488469481468,
-0.06458248943090439,
0.018957793712615967,
0.09299473464488983,
0.011650965549051762,
0.09839086979627609,
-0.04988491162657738,
-0.030482355505228043,
0.02607109770178795,
0.019657740369439125,
-0.01525534875690937,
0.01240785326808691,
-0.06609330326318741,
-0.03936304152011871,
-0.038889896124601364,
-0.020988481119275093,
-0.06502021104097366,
0.04566707834601402,
-0.018771640956401825,
-0.02472567930817604,
0.028596514835953712,
-0.06952594220638275,
0.013729799538850784,
-0.0699985921382904,
-0.026882806792855263,
-0.0005844885599799454,
0.01545653585344553,
-0.01070613507181406,
0.006869859993457794,
0.028049536049365997,
-0.004600786603987217,
0.0025943873915821314,
-0.045783113688230515,
-0.028389854356646538,
0.010659017600119114,
-0.023223048076033592,
0.05020734295248985,
-0.07707349956035614,
-0.016884461045265198,
0.018974164500832558,
-0.05623536929488182,
-0.002037492347881198,
-0.009750796481966972,
0.0065835705026984215,
0.032776739448308945,
0.07672852277755737,
-0.014510033652186394,
0.0571998730301857,
0.04103308916091919,
0.06442034244537354,
0.05383225157856941,
0.0040571740828454494,
0.05981309711933136,
0.04057443141937256,
0.035615574568510056,
-0.009083149954676628,
-0.060886409133672714,
-0.012888974510133266,
-0.035071443766355515,
0.09063313901424408,
0.00620450871065259,
0.03821306303143501,
-0.015429583378136158,
0.021489731967449188,
0.03892309591174126,
0.015421885997056961,
-0.002322962274774909,
0.038927026093006134,
0.002387454267591238,
-0.011349152773618698,
-0.05344529449939728,
-0.002494829474017024,
-0.03317727893590927,
0.053529731929302216,
0.03543562814593315,
-0.27170735597610474,
0.015040848404169083,
0.031897250562906265,
0.0069428300485014915,
-0.0018205890664830804,
-0.00465509295463562,
0.01359780877828598,
-0.04727937653660774,
-0.049032602459192276,
0.06630343198776245,
-0.00471004331484437,
0.023287532851099968,
0.053245652467012405,
0.020083976909518242,
0.004530288279056549,
0.0003924055490642786,
0.006973132025450468,
-0.04261196777224541,
0.007195367943495512,
-0.009937378577888012,
-0.030050057917833328,
-0.034986864775419235,
0.13095374405384064,
-0.027745146304368973,
-0.010772171430289745,
-0.0054165939800441265,
0.008078405633568764,
0.04391217231750488,
-0.03452892601490021,
0.0021874038502573967,
0.03491169959306717,
0.05386951193213463,
0.019232891499996185,
-0.019519632682204247,
0.03850976750254631,
0.06651055812835693,
-0.05966494604945183,
-0.013307897374033928,
0.022753329947590828,
0.002665548352524638,
-0.002940033096820116,
-0.0020281749311834574,
-0.005413773003965616,
-0.03135443478822708,
0.08226609975099564,
-0.008238466456532478,
-0.03830955550074577,
-0.006964567583054304,
-0.016165198758244514,
-0.0032512731850147247,
-0.06206052750349045,
-0.0644448772072792,
0.04665883630514145,
-0.0028897461015731096,
0.0009900832083076239,
-0.017136001959443092,
-0.006323765031993389,
-0.03590250760316849,
0.0007777739083394408,
-0.048067234456539154,
0.04477139562368393,
-0.0007717639673501253,
-0.056229233741760254,
0.052627455443143845,
0.017188068479299545
] |
PMID:19550
|
The effect of progressive hypoxia on respiration in the toad Bufo marinus.
|
1. As Bufo marinus became progressively hypoxic over a period of 90 min, there was a rise in arterial pH, presumably brought about by hyperventilation. The alkalosis gradually disappeared when oxygen levels became very low. It is suggested that this is the result of a respiratory or a metabolic pH adjustment, or both. 2. Hypoxic animals developed a characteristic breathing pattern in which discrete periods of lung ventilations alternated with buccal oscillations or respiratory pauses. 3. A pronounced bradycardia was associated with the concomitant decline of inspired and arterial PO2. 4. Although respiratory rates were greater than normal resting values in the initial stages of post-hypoxia, the pre-exposure breathing pattern was quickly restored. Following recovery from bradycardia (60 min), the breathing rates, arterial blood gases and pHa returned to normal within 30 min.
|
The effect of progressive hypoxia on respiration in the toad Bufo marinus. 1. As Bufo marinus became progressively hypoxic over a period of 90 min, there was a rise in arterial pH, presumably brought about by hyperventilation. The alkalosis gradually disappeared when oxygen levels became very low. It is suggested that this is the result of a respiratory or a metabolic pH adjustment, or both. 2. Hypoxic animals developed a characteristic breathing pattern in which discrete periods of lung ventilations alternated with buccal oscillations or respiratory pauses. 3. A pronounced bradycardia was associated with the concomitant decline of inspired and arterial PO2. 4. Although respiratory rates were greater than normal resting values in the initial stages of post-hypoxia, the pre-exposure breathing pattern was quickly restored. Following recovery from bradycardia (60 min), the breathing rates, arterial blood gases and pHa returned to normal within 30 min.
|
[
-0.05590860918164253,
0.06208660453557968,
0.04033014178276062,
0.058164652436971664,
-0.0007980430964380503,
-0.01857900060713291,
0.050114475190639496,
-0.005263215396553278,
-0.02957618050277233,
0.03011329472064972,
-0.006968998815864325,
-0.060221586376428604,
0.010782734490931034,
0.01718178763985634,
-0.020311973989009857,
-0.025951672345399857,
-0.030643653124570847,
0.00017886815476231277,
-0.07956668734550476,
-0.03291196748614311,
0.005516306962817907,
0.03061230294406414,
0.07702725380659103,
0.012764518149197102,
0.037693172693252563,
0.026051143184304237,
-0.002882058499380946,
0.0171009823679924,
-0.01937992498278618,
-0.15766800940036774,
-0.03358917683362961,
-0.005496663972735405,
0.03565580025315285,
-0.02885865420103073,
-0.0014929333701729774,
0.08659791201353073,
-0.05352947115898132,
0.0314050056040287,
-0.01726604998111725,
0.11559460312128067,
-0.037576824426651,
0.015797561034560204,
0.05841878801584244,
0.035220351070165634,
0.0014146668836474419,
-0.005038049537688494,
0.005447926931083202,
-0.02137945219874382,
0.09067832678556442,
-0.011702153831720352,
-0.005604109726846218,
-0.0013365455670282245,
0.0321510024368763,
0.0442945621907711,
0.0022705746814608574,
-0.04691186919808388,
0.057243552058935165,
0.04706541821360588,
-0.0062706018798053265,
-0.016230696812272072,
0.02751089073717594,
0.06475603580474854,
-0.13433215022087097,
0.040165647864341736,
0.038492366671562195,
-0.0008150070789270103,
-0.05607537925243378,
-0.026580240577459335,
0.06178189814090729,
-0.02702748216688633,
-0.05863542854785919,
0.031114181503653526,
0.035930085927248,
-0.06830798834562302,
0.029290974140167236,
-0.027321510016918182,
-0.04047770798206329,
-0.017473088577389717,
0.01830926537513733,
0.029786469414830208,
0.033758386969566345,
-0.012462585233151913,
-0.03385656327009201,
-0.0019325551111251116,
-0.0006409126799553633,
-0.04025985673069954,
0.07903165370225906,
-0.09094730764627457,
-0.074171282351017,
0.009177956730127335,
0.014742342755198479,
-0.08105680346488953,
-0.054957203567028046,
0.012063837610185146,
-0.03263857588171959,
0.06981463730335236,
0.06583617627620697,
0.018942300230264664,
-0.007459775544703007,
0.36072683334350586,
0.00019170511222910136,
0.07096099108457565,
-0.004176273941993713,
0.01401697751134634,
0.04570768401026726,
-0.046997059136629105,
-0.026484457775950432,
-0.021907126531004906,
0.0025388840585947037,
0.0411398783326149,
0.024025028571486473,
-0.01249753963202238,
0.0573078878223896,
-0.006423523649573326,
0.0009912289679050446,
0.031819529831409454,
-0.005718590226024389,
0.06443037837743759,
0.0017929051537066698,
0.06895843148231506,
-0.03413626179099083,
0.004372741561383009,
0.01114028599113226,
-0.022222395986318588,
0.07268670946359634,
0.03805660456418991,
0.013066866435110569,
0.08459260314702988,
0.04859600588679314,
0.009817761369049549,
0.10964003205299377,
0.022590499371290207,
-0.0222132820636034,
-0.03240453079342842,
-0.038923341780900955,
-0.002335574012249708,
0.03452110290527344,
0.00567492563277483,
-0.047092653810977936,
0.042239509522914886,
-0.07870770990848541,
-0.09744317084550858,
-0.01967741549015045,
-0.04627503454685211,
-0.05628230422735214,
0.0811985656619072,
0.05212755501270294,
0.022634262219071388,
-0.05797853693366051,
-0.013655503280460835,
-0.06461811810731888,
-0.00629643676802516,
0.009767847135663033,
0.024773648008704185,
-0.008379137143492699,
-0.007037952542304993,
-0.001840550801716745,
0.05675177648663521,
0.03577094152569771,
-0.04574313387274742,
-0.03205445036292076,
-0.004905584268271923,
0.016214855015277863,
0.005798764992505312,
0.03177344426512718,
0.05119101703166962,
-0.04212978109717369,
-0.021367482841014862,
0.0019084886880591512,
0.03948511183261871,
-0.026859985664486885,
0.029119841754436493,
0.06338769942522049,
-0.11792122572660446,
0.02211940847337246,
0.020827630534768105,
0.0060978722758591175,
-0.018788710236549377,
0.008205104619264603,
-0.05929972976446152,
0.06004290282726288,
-0.012046161107718945,
-0.016210125759243965,
0.005117191467434168,
0.00396393146365881,
-0.05378028005361557,
-0.09092147648334503,
0.04065004736185074,
0.020386312156915665,
0.03831690549850464,
-0.013258210383355618,
-0.07504100352525711,
-0.02918589860200882,
-0.02076014317572117,
0.011464818380773067,
-0.05473310127854347,
-0.03995327651500702,
-0.0033940779976546764,
-0.04860525578260422,
0.03389548882842064,
0.08422631025314331,
-0.03747383877635002,
-0.026101356372237206,
-0.029444405809044838,
-0.003391626290977001,
0.07057677954435349,
0.008880946785211563,
0.013095000758767128,
0.07503616809844971,
-0.013524464331567287,
-0.0313400961458683,
-0.013656937517225742,
0.003659783164039254,
0.017175864428281784,
-0.0213815588504076,
0.05885131657123566,
-0.03024020604789257,
0.015690483152866364,
0.0014556359965354204,
0.013103821314871311,
0.08965204656124115,
-0.12471228092908859,
-0.006248567719012499,
-0.2917695939540863,
-0.022972043603658676,
0.008465258404612541,
-0.019429735839366913,
0.05209193006157875,
-0.015671849250793457,
0.00587689271196723,
0.04001426696777344,
0.03427153453230858,
-0.043142374604940414,
-0.025362398475408554,
-0.01834072358906269,
-0.028671706095337868,
0.03242246434092522,
0.03830651193857193,
0.08803769946098328,
0.09210764616727829,
-0.06968605518341064,
0.01564982533454895,
-0.017547139897942543,
-0.009064322337508202,
-0.0051251729018986225,
-0.008074025623500347,
0.009624742902815342,
0.032234277576208115,
0.0065991925075650215,
0.09295815974473953,
-0.02500171586871147,
-0.006810080260038376,
-0.017406687140464783,
0.03312120959162712,
0.0010529389837756753,
-0.0017341530183330178,
-0.06225493550300598,
0.008503014221787453,
0.010392583906650543,
0.0275514405220747,
0.02516247145831585,
-0.026902807876467705,
-0.060787007212638855,
-0.06361115723848343,
0.013451390899717808,
-0.06021607667207718,
0.005794371012598276,
-0.07085644453763962,
0.026642702519893646,
-0.01857219822704792,
-0.027153585106134415,
-0.06518565863370895,
-0.029568124562501907,
0.022617371752858162,
0.0467308834195137,
-0.07451913505792618,
-0.04535110294818878,
0.06095466390252113,
-0.04214821755886078,
-0.03666892275214195,
-0.01051248423755169,
-0.09566985815763474,
-0.05776728689670563,
0.03138864412903786,
-0.002426679478958249,
0.015213345177471638,
0.005727848969399929,
-0.0379202701151371,
0.017882291227579117,
0.030201170593500137,
-0.033223871141672134,
0.0462382510304451,
0.003559367498382926,
-0.019294269382953644,
0.11647559702396393,
-0.045809306204319,
-0.05586762726306915,
0.09506256133317947,
-0.041710253804922104,
-0.016406426206231117,
-0.06239321455359459,
-0.05023053660988808,
0.007327872794121504,
0.0632697120308876,
-0.10017866641283035,
0.03872701898217201,
0.014075744897127151,
-0.02133355848491192,
0.03345766291022301,
0.022208858281373978,
-0.030399249866604805,
-0.032379426062107086,
0.018241360783576965,
-0.028457563370466232,
0.0363585464656353,
-0.03158055618405342,
-0.0026873836759477854,
0.02667788416147232,
0.05550619959831238,
-0.24850133061408997,
-0.03110305592417717,
0.05958493798971176,
0.010954264551401138,
-0.018247677013278008,
0.046766217797994614,
0.004057656042277813,
-0.025126872584223747,
-0.029130587354302406,
0.011732658371329308,
-0.046637967228889465,
0.05497969314455986,
0.06329213827848434,
0.0799093171954155,
0.009270938113331795,
0.032156020402908325,
-0.018368208780884743,
-0.05053715780377388,
0.04589223861694336,
-0.05466368421912193,
-0.0407349094748497,
-0.01284583006054163,
0.1230931282043457,
-0.036268871277570724,
-0.020774375647306442,
0.010356441140174866,
-0.010752410627901554,
0.046071700751781464,
-0.04414014518260956,
-0.012638837099075317,
0.03900054097175598,
0.0033604700583964586,
0.06684615463018417,
-0.026724923402071,
0.0049931141547858715,
-0.0007799520972184837,
-0.05172396078705788,
0.05535287782549858,
-0.00045585588668473065,
-0.0062890565022826195,
-0.00819912925362587,
0.0048489379696547985,
0.002694543683901429,
-0.015837090089917183,
0.08987310528755188,
-0.0167695265263319,
-0.026257101446390152,
-0.0004162353288847953,
0.0181435514241457,
0.04243156686425209,
-0.025782834738492966,
-0.028522327542304993,
0.06318632513284683,
0.05356255918741226,
-0.020417040213942528,
-0.03308510407805443,
0.0001275384856853634,
-0.06594263017177582,
0.01955408602952957,
-0.022750219330191612,
0.04284549131989479,
-0.04160918667912483,
0.007512745913118124,
0.0442347452044487,
-0.011879700236022472
] |
PMID:19551
|
Suppression of in vitro cytotoxic response by macrophages due to induced arginase.
|
Arginine was found to be completely depleted from cell-free supernates of mixed leukocyte cultures suppressed by the addition of excess macrophages. Partial reversal of macrophage-mediated suppression was accomplished by daily addition of a cocktail containing arginine and nonamino acid nutrients. Complete reversal of the suppression was accomplished by the addition of arginine and glucose to the medium and the nonadherent cells after their separation from the adherent macrophages. A marked increase in the enzyme arginase was found in macrophages that had been cultured 24 h in vitro in Eagle's minimum essential medium plus 10% fetal calf serum, in peritoneal cells activated by prior injection of thioglycollate, and in one spleen activated by a graft vs. host reaction.
|
Suppression of in vitro cytotoxic response by macrophages due to induced arginase. Arginine was found to be completely depleted from cell-free supernates of mixed leukocyte cultures suppressed by the addition of excess macrophages. Partial reversal of macrophage-mediated suppression was accomplished by daily addition of a cocktail containing arginine and nonamino acid nutrients. Complete reversal of the suppression was accomplished by the addition of arginine and glucose to the medium and the nonadherent cells after their separation from the adherent macrophages. A marked increase in the enzyme arginase was found in macrophages that had been cultured 24 h in vitro in Eagle's minimum essential medium plus 10% fetal calf serum, in peritoneal cells activated by prior injection of thioglycollate, and in one spleen activated by a graft vs. host reaction.
|
[
-0.06263752281665802,
0.05146017298102379,
-0.046883728355169296,
0.015548432245850563,
-0.025360548868775368,
-0.010021904483437538,
0.03737279772758484,
0.06146291270852089,
-0.05001872777938843,
0.026047907769680023,
0.005292699672281742,
-0.05545145273208618,
0.02986745722591877,
0.0010075601749122143,
-0.01767650805413723,
-0.028238849714398384,
-0.012826219201087952,
-0.004480298142880201,
-0.10190597921609879,
-0.006412413902580738,
-0.02045137621462345,
0.010892031714320183,
0.07898693531751633,
-0.020648028701543808,
0.04857855662703514,
0.011715427972376347,
0.01546965166926384,
0.018219346180558205,
-0.030296673998236656,
-0.1839507818222046,
0.008336684666574001,
-0.04543859139084816,
0.029215650632977486,
-0.04302746802568436,
-0.042037155479192734,
0.08814085274934769,
-0.03343534469604492,
-0.014319383539259434,
-0.04148159921169281,
0.05447196960449219,
0.037927791476249695,
0.04501146450638771,
0.004331584088504314,
0.04225999861955643,
0.06190602481365204,
0.012731124646961689,
0.023132866248488426,
-0.03212061524391174,
0.06081452965736389,
-0.0385073684155941,
0.011882329359650612,
-0.002152048982679844,
-0.003985411953181028,
0.035114824771881104,
0.008494284003973007,
-0.0018600079929456115,
-0.00034702743869274855,
0.04002425819635391,
0.006589303258806467,
0.07023292034864426,
-0.017241261899471283,
0.012938259169459343,
-0.09822652488946915,
0.05877045914530754,
0.010470978915691376,
-0.035330019891262054,
-0.022754855453968048,
-0.020702216774225235,
0.024378066882491112,
0.09140177071094513,
-0.09790593385696411,
0.048438575118780136,
0.01172551978379488,
-0.009356276132166386,
0.02486526221036911,
0.0394013375043869,
0.008617575280368328,
0.016330691054463387,
0.06359724700450897,
0.024396216496825218,
-0.00400794530287385,
-0.06541051715612411,
0.05018032714724541,
0.030180757865309715,
-0.07130341231822968,
-0.04706927388906479,
0.04696476086974144,
-0.03735123947262764,
0.08581778407096863,
0.006407441571354866,
-0.011188212782144547,
-0.03346933424472809,
0.015515675768256187,
-0.02202143706381321,
-0.08571600168943405,
-0.006889689713716507,
0.03418402001261711,
-0.006186107639223337,
0.03764290362596512,
0.4082452952861786,
0.00010912906873272732,
-0.06549028307199478,
-0.022194799035787582,
0.036434605717659,
-0.015764757990837097,
-0.07973098009824753,
-0.011925390921533108,
-0.005664434749633074,
0.02198142372071743,
0.0517234168946743,
0.055746134370565414,
-0.00786912813782692,
-0.007648438215255737,
0.018691951408982277,
-0.04814609885215759,
0.03926703333854675,
0.08677638322114944,
-0.050838667899370193,
-0.03819745033979416,
0.05176679044961929,
0.015162335708737373,
-0.045857153832912445,
0.01950039528310299,
0.005862243007868528,
0.06028430536389351,
0.03256034478545189,
-0.023986585438251495,
0.11989054828882217,
0.03532418608665466,
-0.037762194871902466,
0.060651566833257675,
0.012365352362394333,
0.03409418836236,
0.041510652750730515,
0.020968662574887276,
-0.0236080102622509,
0.09305810928344727,
0.007754109334200621,
-0.014847544953227043,
-0.011708957143127918,
0.012959424406290054,
-0.046517662703990936,
-0.05171950161457062,
-0.06847670674324036,
0.0009493897669017315,
0.0790475383400917,
0.049066949635744095,
0.013165920041501522,
0.01004186924546957,
-0.04960846155881882,
-0.0232728011906147,
0.03912830352783203,
-0.012525305151939392,
0.038563072681427,
-0.007910579442977905,
0.01345599815249443,
-0.04590848088264465,
0.0011658474104478955,
-0.0044660549610853195,
-0.020954368636012077,
-0.05155501514673233,
-0.02687160298228264,
0.012347954325377941,
0.08976014703512192,
0.03608736768364906,
0.011760233901441097,
-0.036856312304735184,
-0.021712319925427437,
-0.019274218007922173,
0.003499787300825119,
0.00376507337205112,
0.038236625492572784,
-0.045078519731760025,
0.0228855200111866,
-0.00756615586578846,
0.03353209048509598,
-0.003011594759300351,
0.03249296918511391,
-0.001772747142240405,
-0.004004395566880703,
0.01985647901892662,
-0.02856285311281681,
-0.022830525413155556,
0.03646361455321312,
-0.03881938010454178,
-0.03302285820245743,
-0.04518080875277519,
0.04480738192796707,
-0.007642767857760191,
0.02714536339044571,
-0.000613404146861285,
0.028358690440654755,
-0.06349523365497589,
-0.015653522685170174,
0.011446249671280384,
-0.08583522588014603,
-0.03035031631588936,
-0.007105657365173101,
0.004648581147193909,
-0.0890394002199173,
0.07690926641225815,
-0.003497909754514694,
0.014867090620100498,
0.0348566472530365,
0.06699606031179428,
0.08031873404979706,
0.04054298624396324,
-0.01995842158794403,
0.050388019531965256,
0.012691899202764034,
-0.11530940979719162,
0.00046842533629387617,
-0.04010530561208725,
0.016498446464538574,
-0.0485689677298069,
0.08885389566421509,
-0.03808315098285675,
-0.04681717976927757,
0.03131125122308731,
0.0043708281591534615,
0.043637972325086594,
0.03603363037109375,
-0.0163430105894804,
-0.29321056604385376,
0.003675889689475298,
0.007090167608112097,
-0.0355464331805706,
0.03939564898610115,
-0.028472349047660828,
0.01818346604704857,
-0.06913896650075912,
0.010486176237463951,
-0.011070222593843937,
0.008844191208481789,
0.1011020839214325,
-0.03668360412120819,
-0.007990450598299503,
0.028725512325763702,
0.04005027562379837,
-0.02627158723771572,
-0.026423798874020576,
0.0030731367878615856,
-0.00610582809895277,
0.018619537353515625,
0.006273554638028145,
0.017505362629890442,
-0.0009217608021572232,
0.06952281296253204,
0.019749099388718605,
0.11601666361093521,
0.05494114011526108,
0.06126871332526207,
-0.043833594769239426,
0.008221005089581013,
0.06496085971593857,
-0.01943633146584034,
-0.053079571574926376,
-0.039170775562524796,
0.00550602562725544,
-0.01757136546075344,
-0.04971662908792496,
0.003418277483433485,
0.03792833909392357,
-0.025496020913124084,
-0.009085451252758503,
-0.01211470551788807,
-0.0879228264093399,
0.01107287872582674,
-0.021167270839214325,
0.029184134677052498,
0.03289850428700447,
-0.022571628913283348,
-0.02418055571615696,
0.04597341641783714,
-0.0374852754175663,
-0.012962051667273045,
0.02236999198794365,
0.00014596102118957788,
0.009726280346512794,
-0.050353799015283585,
-0.00617153849452734,
-0.048441313207149506,
-0.006542784161865711,
-0.0067793275229632854,
-0.019633375108242035,
-0.02172464318573475,
0.028994057327508926,
-0.02053738944232464,
0.05851002037525177,
-0.0019688927568495274,
-0.030631588771939278,
0.027281086891889572,
0.006415295880287886,
0.03430871292948723,
0.06908226013183594,
-0.035116568207740784,
0.046936243772506714,
-0.029236504808068275,
0.052018165588378906,
-0.01568702794611454,
-0.02364194393157959,
-0.10427673906087875,
-0.0214257650077343,
-0.00768459215760231,
-0.015338975936174393,
0.046202871948480606,
-0.02905321680009365,
-0.04678521305322647,
0.06416566669940948,
0.0070806993171572685,
-0.008120118640363216,
0.004349549300968647,
-0.015527395531535149,
0.0219846423715353,
-0.03246884420514107,
-0.07330340892076492,
-0.012495143339037895,
0.06334763020277023,
-0.00654218764975667,
-0.23556125164031982,
0.000053492378356168047,
0.0004141908138990402,
0.0019744953606277704,
-0.04956955835223198,
0.03379346430301666,
-0.026358190923929214,
-0.0602637454867363,
-0.017515983432531357,
0.050479400902986526,
0.02656160108745098,
-0.010156696662306786,
0.07744452357292175,
0.048334136605262756,
-0.013415847904980183,
0.027726689353585243,
0.012172741815447807,
-0.05518849194049835,
0.04200167581439018,
0.000018485141481505707,
0.014585942029953003,
-0.05101180076599121,
0.1448289155960083,
-0.03419725224375725,
-0.005978851113468409,
0.05655570700764656,
-0.03018958494067192,
0.018419427797198296,
-0.09083767235279083,
0.010680325329303741,
-0.02427317574620247,
-0.014917157590389252,
0.04657512530684471,
-0.018351176753640175,
0.04438801109790802,
-0.02338336780667305,
-0.050176624208688736,
0.02433580532670021,
-0.029982872307300568,
-0.004337671212852001,
-0.07097847759723663,
0.012091245502233505,
-0.029440006241202354,
-0.03501935675740242,
0.05902289226651192,
-0.08042074739933014,
-0.021248502656817436,
-0.08119771629571915,
0.009645138867199421,
-0.06380508840084076,
-0.028468383476138115,
-0.020084166899323463,
0.07999283075332642,
0.03433818742632866,
-0.004656306467950344,
-0.04846819490194321,
-0.04259742051362991,
-0.002563145710155368,
0.0012895314721390605,
0.06881053000688553,
0.0028455881401896477,
-0.032462552189826965,
-0.0438176766037941,
0.06470780074596405,
-0.03692127764225006
] |
PMID:19552
|
Elastase secretion by peritoneal exudative and alveolar macrophages.
|
Mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in the absence of serum secrete an elastolytic enzyme. The elastase from AM resembles the previously described elastase from peritoneal macrophages (PM) in pH optimum and inhibition profile. The macrophage enzymes do not appear to be stored, and with periodic changes in the culture medium, accumulate extracellularly for up to 10 days. Resident PM produce barely detectable levels of extracellular elastase unless given a phagocytic load. Thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal exudative macrophages (PEM), however, secret easily detectable levels of elastase, which can be further increased with a phagocytic load. Without any additional stimulation, AM secret an elastolytic activity comparable to that of the PEM receiving a phagocytic load, but unlike PM they do not increase elastase secretion after phagocytosis.
|
Elastase secretion by peritoneal exudative and alveolar macrophages. Mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in the absence of serum secrete an elastolytic enzyme. The elastase from AM resembles the previously described elastase from peritoneal macrophages (PM) in pH optimum and inhibition profile. The macrophage enzymes do not appear to be stored, and with periodic changes in the culture medium, accumulate extracellularly for up to 10 days. Resident PM produce barely detectable levels of extracellular elastase unless given a phagocytic load. Thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal exudative macrophages (PEM), however, secret easily detectable levels of elastase, which can be further increased with a phagocytic load. Without any additional stimulation, AM secret an elastolytic activity comparable to that of the PEM receiving a phagocytic load, but unlike PM they do not increase elastase secretion after phagocytosis.
|
[
-0.07034847140312195,
0.011412831023335457,
0.04192344471812248,
0.013747151009738445,
-0.07213899493217468,
-0.04059635102748871,
0.019659869372844696,
0.0533488430082798,
-0.009977965615689754,
0.026370009407401085,
-0.02586950547993183,
-0.05650840327143669,
-0.042472872883081436,
0.004878867417573929,
-0.005402575246989727,
-0.02662915736436844,
-0.019066302105784416,
0.024885838851332664,
-0.08561232686042786,
-0.002908904803916812,
0.015825001522898674,
0.021498562768101692,
0.03394791856408119,
-0.04881750047206879,
0.0034388364292681217,
0.011864823289215565,
-0.03681369125843048,
0.018192047253251076,
-0.028470579534769058,
-0.196896031498909,
-0.017849789932370186,
-0.08611799031496048,
0.04490041732788086,
-0.020016515627503395,
0.013808510266244411,
0.005146781448274851,
-0.0065338644199073315,
0.0012284464901313186,
-0.038896068930625916,
0.06812053918838501,
0.07590185105800629,
0.0038251287769526243,
-0.014603761956095695,
-0.005377437453716993,
0.06773751974105835,
0.018360432237386703,
0.012000243179500103,
-0.02263503707945347,
0.0581214502453804,
0.0019876244477927685,
0.055201347917318344,
0.017803559079766273,
0.06534937024116516,
0.06576318293809891,
-0.008091101422905922,
-0.01771724782884121,
-0.036283645778894424,
0.02267247997224331,
0.009775370359420776,
0.029167210683226585,
-0.0002684097271412611,
-0.009452234953641891,
-0.15542052686214447,
0.08231353014707565,
0.02528441697359085,
0.004038673359900713,
-0.047191739082336426,
-0.039633940905332565,
0.00791407935321331,
0.07490368187427521,
-0.06893126666545868,
0.05538935959339142,
-0.00406538276001811,
-0.03691651299595833,
0.035598259419202805,
-0.016401149332523346,
0.03655334562063217,
0.04018590226769447,
0.020360102877020836,
0.03824860602617264,
-0.04141981527209282,
-0.06096906587481499,
0.02210630103945732,
-0.03100748360157013,
-0.04257826879620552,
-0.020438706502318382,
0.052538204938173294,
-0.048509709537029266,
0.030912596732378006,
0.03178403899073601,
-0.08011144399642944,
-0.017093459144234657,
-0.06211179122328758,
-0.018801888450980186,
-0.07726600021123886,
-0.017228953540325165,
0.07980258762836456,
0.01788487285375595,
0.009522752836346626,
0.3720334470272064,
-0.05067436024546623,
-0.05332912877202034,
-0.085155189037323,
0.00266100000590086,
0.036456916481256485,
-0.03972529247403145,
-0.026017693802714348,
0.011208413168787956,
-0.02022230438888073,
0.09299103170633316,
0.013256173580884933,
0.02104107476770878,
-0.006276269908994436,
-0.028057551011443138,
-0.04755483195185661,
-0.03145601227879524,
0.044158343225717545,
0.037698689848184586,
-0.058610495179891586,
0.05894574895501137,
0.007156615611165762,
-0.02249431237578392,
-0.015707073733210564,
-0.04713277518749237,
0.017148299142718315,
0.04933221638202667,
0.0007458447944372892,
0.06947982311248779,
0.04587544873356819,
-0.023356357589364052,
0.005682285875082016,
0.03936271741986275,
-0.0006105165230110288,
0.011615542694926262,
0.027118518948554993,
-0.013145321048796177,
0.03435380756855011,
0.01204549428075552,
0.002700268989428878,
-0.0010168030858039856,
-0.02514639124274254,
0.001102701062336564,
-0.042349159717559814,
-0.07707454264163971,
-0.008344239555299282,
0.11358830332756042,
0.002285552443936467,
0.006033036392182112,
-0.027519045397639275,
-0.07223936170339584,
-0.01647750288248062,
0.02998538129031658,
-0.03672220930457115,
0.012316121719777584,
0.036859944462776184,
-0.003101564012467861,
-0.004813188221305609,
-0.000010665763511497062,
0.05252408608794212,
-0.04266321286559105,
-0.0200178399682045,
0.01598840206861496,
0.042981985956430435,
0.04819983243942261,
0.07416844367980957,
0.036468036472797394,
-0.02418772131204605,
-0.051515914499759674,
0.0495947040617466,
-0.05394202843308449,
0.010276583023369312,
0.05480552837252617,
-0.009758571162819862,
-0.022115444764494896,
-0.027019023895263672,
0.019187361001968384,
-0.016171397641301155,
0.004944506101310253,
0.034617576748132706,
0.030961792916059494,
-0.011601798236370087,
-0.04198995232582092,
-0.04470282047986984,
0.06838414818048477,
-0.0036511262878775597,
-0.04486209154129028,
-0.001669477322138846,
0.024652011692523956,
0.03229444846510887,
-0.0011837428901344538,
0.01300613023340702,
0.026208069175481796,
-0.06191689893603325,
-0.01705058477818966,
-0.03995571658015251,
-0.06255095452070236,
-0.0015248520066961646,
0.008079453371465206,
-0.019994713366031647,
-0.07145987451076508,
0.038062747567892075,
0.014101923443377018,
0.004147966857999563,
0.014638911001384258,
-0.009128877893090248,
0.09095176309347153,
-0.0036636304575949907,
0.015103466808795929,
0.0440765842795372,
-0.028299501165747643,
-0.07712765783071518,
-0.008883251808583736,
-0.049836982041597366,
-0.0138209518045187,
-0.08325814455747604,
0.0490400455892086,
0.0025989452842622995,
-0.03861625865101814,
0.007000498473644257,
-0.022424355149269104,
-0.013005204498767853,
0.053081464022397995,
-0.02290365844964981,
-0.2792922258377075,
0.005905065685510635,
0.012084323912858963,
-0.03422698378562927,
0.06081968918442726,
0.008114933967590332,
0.07026644796133041,
-0.022108489647507668,
0.04488149285316467,
-0.06312967091798782,
0.06319376826286316,
0.051093097776174545,
-0.04295039921998978,
-0.00009053160465555266,
0.05232197418808937,
0.060203585773706436,
0.04113680496811867,
-0.009517297148704529,
-0.012105350382626057,
-0.017862467095255852,
-0.008649776689708233,
-0.010084125213325024,
0.015279651619493961,
0.02705158293247223,
0.044469062238931656,
0.008296714164316654,
0.11157417297363281,
0.0073339203372597694,
-0.0007923044031485915,
-0.0398617722094059,
0.013524728827178478,
0.0664379820227623,
-0.012066589668393135,
-0.08701352775096893,
-0.03179213032126427,
-0.06127992272377014,
0.01461571641266346,
-0.057952165603637695,
0.043267130851745605,
-0.01647278666496277,
-0.05817346274852753,
-0.03423358127474785,
-0.016229433938860893,
-0.033210255205631256,
-0.04107370227575302,
-0.040213730186223984,
0.03249559551477432,
0.12135270237922668,
-0.061773668974637985,
0.009199818596243858,
0.06449886411428452,
-0.0280764177441597,
0.05107814446091652,
-0.06564467400312424,
0.007756972219794989,
0.02976045571267605,
0.013767021708190441,
-0.03635867312550545,
-0.05819027125835419,
0.019054578617215157,
-0.040134623646736145,
0.035390421748161316,
-0.008060580119490623,
0.015481742098927498,
-0.016374047845602036,
-0.05022779479622841,
-0.011011337861418724,
-0.0583377331495285,
0.05710972100496292,
0.02842945046722889,
0.04698656126856804,
0.0892491564154625,
0.014266317710280418,
-0.03613272309303284,
0.03140154853463173,
-0.0009396419045515358,
-0.01942615397274494,
-0.03559121862053871,
-0.08342436701059341,
-0.0016417454462498426,
0.02688600681722164,
-0.047436121851205826,
0.034459423273801804,
0.008236248977482319,
-0.03017636388540268,
0.06265684217214584,
0.03664896637201309,
0.017331307753920555,
-0.027969075366854668,
0.04602509364485741,
0.02426156960427761,
0.024179980158805847,
-0.02809915505349636,
-0.03472190350294113,
-0.014007477089762688,
-0.04685556888580322,
-0.2536294460296631,
0.08556582778692245,
0.062121711671352386,
-0.0011238133301958442,
-0.04350314661860466,
0.027338001877069473,
0.023406118154525757,
-0.0356765016913414,
0.00011716487642843276,
0.05869348719716072,
0.042957011610269547,
0.028271738439798355,
0.015508676879107952,
0.008690332062542439,
-0.007667817175388336,
0.005886644124984741,
0.046058736741542816,
-0.012112642638385296,
0.01614205352962017,
-0.06738399714231491,
-0.002584106521680951,
-0.09623849391937256,
0.14828720688819885,
-0.014507800340652466,
0.0021194289438426495,
0.07451978325843811,
0.03799460455775261,
0.014614878222346306,
-0.04935126751661301,
0.00040694131166674197,
0.05149463191628456,
-0.008411544375121593,
0.05287965387105942,
-0.0035403259098529816,
-0.002382298232987523,
-0.002658967627212405,
-0.026306111365556717,
0.10748294740915298,
-0.013185650110244751,
0.03539126366376877,
0.026363126933574677,
-0.0022767633199691772,
-0.07363313436508179,
0.018600620329380035,
0.016689317300915718,
-0.07898017764091492,
-0.0005867213476449251,
-0.0380968302488327,
0.003529967740178108,
-0.03522627055644989,
-0.04553796723484993,
-0.07111023366451263,
0.05670124664902687,
0.08447769284248352,
0.004929847549647093,
0.04566916450858116,
-0.0011340657947584987,
-0.021823318675160408,
0.007824087515473366,
0.048307713121175766,
0.010941113345324993,
0.04594383016228676,
-0.05939282104372978,
0.04847957193851471,
0.026452122256159782
] |
PMID:19553
|
Influence of splenectomy on first set rejection reactions of C57BL/6 females to male skin isografts.
|
The tempo with which C57BL/6 females reject male skin isografts is determined in part by the immunogenicity of the H-Y antigen and in part by the capacity of the host to respond immunologically. Our studies indicate that the spleen plays an important role in determining the briskness of the rejection process in that splenectomy 7-30 days before grafting with male skin significantly shortens the survival time. The results of reconstitution experiments suggests that a population of cells is present in spleens of normal, but not specifically sensitized, females which can restore the conventional first set reaction in splenectomized females. It is inferred that this resident population normally operates in spleen-intact females to delay the development of specific effector responses. Lymphoid cells from H-Y antigen-sensitized, splenectomized females failed to evoke graft-vs.-host responses in males whereas similar cells from females with spleens intact did possess graft-vs.-host potential.
|
Influence of splenectomy on first set rejection reactions of C57BL/6 females to male skin isografts. The tempo with which C57BL/6 females reject male skin isografts is determined in part by the immunogenicity of the H-Y antigen and in part by the capacity of the host to respond immunologically. Our studies indicate that the spleen plays an important role in determining the briskness of the rejection process in that splenectomy 7-30 days before grafting with male skin significantly shortens the survival time. The results of reconstitution experiments suggests that a population of cells is present in spleens of normal, but not specifically sensitized, females which can restore the conventional first set reaction in splenectomized females. It is inferred that this resident population normally operates in spleen-intact females to delay the development of specific effector responses. Lymphoid cells from H-Y antigen-sensitized, splenectomized females failed to evoke graft-vs.-host responses in males whereas similar cells from females with spleens intact did possess graft-vs.-host potential.
|
[
-0.028051264584064484,
0.016022706404328346,
0.002195447450503707,
0.030327219516038895,
0.02031557448208332,
0.022120339795947075,
0.07044710218906403,
0.11130048334598541,
-0.032638631761074066,
0.014868355356156826,
0.04320836067199707,
-0.044846195727586746,
-0.004936865530908108,
-0.038540102541446686,
-0.044764380902051926,
0.03501618653535843,
-0.015846330672502518,
0.029675934463739395,
-0.1173727884888649,
0.05525043234229088,
-0.0916755199432373,
-0.026836037635803223,
0.02144671604037285,
-0.03884139657020569,
0.02980244718492031,
-0.09120321273803711,
0.009013115428388119,
-0.024577975273132324,
-0.04966788738965988,
-0.20243625342845917,
0.0010152612812817097,
-0.04663341864943504,
0.014208423905074596,
-0.02880924381315708,
0.009910178370773792,
-0.015474475920200348,
0.011612750589847565,
-0.0008431768510490656,
-0.026628989726305008,
0.0482451431453228,
0.006014252547174692,
0.024418529123067856,
0.025909554213285446,
0.05926128104329109,
0.03416503593325615,
0.039645005017519,
-0.02773737721145153,
-0.00707078306004405,
0.02762761153280735,
0.0008059350657276809,
0.025346362963318825,
-0.012879181653261185,
0.010386030189692974,
0.08610814809799194,
0.015722990036010742,
0.03137332201004028,
0.005742945242673159,
0.018423493951559067,
-0.0002247098454972729,
-0.004122896585613489,
-0.08213860541582108,
-0.01202867366373539,
-0.089312344789505,
0.10125535726547241,
0.046105872839689255,
-0.008225971832871437,
-0.012321331538259983,
-0.07031989842653275,
0.04781771078705788,
0.034517109394073486,
-0.061072759330272675,
0.0483299158513546,
-0.004460142459720373,
0.04018853232264519,
0.03828008845448494,
-0.01009476650506258,
-0.04175885394215584,
-0.028599832206964493,
0.055507976561784744,
0.027368003502488136,
-0.04833894222974777,
0.006313827354460955,
0.007303973194211721,
0.008880751207470894,
-0.036008983850479126,
-0.06079934537410736,
0.015759767964482307,
-0.06314181536436081,
-0.016160696744918823,
0.051112618297338486,
-0.018361492082476616,
0.0017363750375807285,
-0.06511213630437851,
0.038452718406915665,
-0.04685866832733154,
-0.007449852302670479,
-0.03956375643610954,
-0.0457327738404274,
0.06005482375621796,
0.43770790100097656,
-0.01112322323024273,
0.0057952567003667355,
-0.07221987843513489,
0.023876992985606194,
0.012331701815128326,
-0.020704230293631554,
0.0026781458873301744,
-0.03782786801457405,
-0.04280475527048111,
0.035629041492938995,
0.020215025171637535,
0.010492529720067978,
0.03227092698216438,
-0.008946022018790245,
-0.038254041224718094,
-0.015025027096271515,
0.0711747407913208,
0.0027318366337567568,
0.004817567300051451,
-0.054490700364112854,
0.06916270405054092,
0.02384372428059578,
0.037512753158807755,
-0.05763901397585869,
0.01604325883090496,
0.024799592792987823,
0.07637917250394821,
0.07197055220603943,
0.02956487238407135,
-0.010043957270681858,
0.06917644292116165,
-0.0022716245148330927,
-0.043981604278087616,
0.04567936807870865,
-0.024269184097647667,
-0.009101076051592827,
-0.008607052266597748,
0.011681505478918552,
-0.04530782252550125,
-0.03225436806678772,
-0.005637757014483213,
-0.07002221047878265,
0.030913518741726875,
-0.0590214841067791,
-0.016127444803714752,
0.057920292019844055,
0.03242620825767517,
0.0255602914839983,
-0.028011353686451912,
0.029787110164761543,
-0.011383749544620514,
0.008719714358448982,
-0.02521180361509323,
-0.005167537368834019,
-0.06096557527780533,
0.03720442205667496,
-0.05640435218811035,
0.00640863087028265,
0.016073178499937057,
0.0160529688000679,
-0.027330270037055016,
-0.01986529491841793,
-0.048714373260736465,
0.0398356169462204,
0.005172912031412125,
0.011146551929414272,
0.003478084923699498,
-0.02707042172551155,
0.012472071684896946,
0.0035968993324786425,
-0.023446867242455482,
-0.0120862340554595,
-0.0549958273768425,
-0.04999178647994995,
-0.025608113035559654,
-0.0004258585686329752,
-0.0236872136592865,
-0.003382499795407057,
0.021395660936832428,
0.054316647350788116,
0.02118661440908909,
0.0005484496359713376,
0.024256477132439613,
0.00976124219596386,
0.0037546376697719097,
-0.028476471081376076,
-0.03399502858519554,
0.022738542407751083,
0.05021343380212784,
0.05419180542230606,
-0.036902181804180145,
-0.011872287839651108,
-0.039245299994945526,
-0.005429617594927549,
0.03844448924064636,
-0.08424874395132065,
-0.006410673726350069,
-0.04104316234588623,
0.00859898142516613,
-0.011980225332081318,
0.0775567814707756,
0.009624362923204899,
0.02896982617676258,
0.01818893477320671,
-0.0033601894974708557,
0.07851535826921463,
0.0767337754368782,
-0.08483082801103592,
0.09931305050849915,
0.0009748187148943543,
-0.034855589270591736,
0.041503652930259705,
0.00460607698187232,
-0.005786439869552851,
0.014300815761089325,
0.04427151381969452,
0.021781401708722115,
-0.027508776634931564,
0.10048998892307281,
0.013906593434512615,
0.05859656259417534,
-0.004315949510782957,
0.009899413213133812,
-0.3241775929927826,
-0.0130997933447361,
-0.027735238894820213,
-0.01670932210981846,
0.03424050286412239,
-0.05709337070584297,
0.0031360997818410397,
-0.0843573734164238,
0.024519624188542366,
0.01896512694656849,
0.09658722579479218,
0.0904194787144661,
-0.03581592068076134,
-0.04664238169789314,
0.009756969287991524,
0.055904000997543335,
0.015114125795662403,
0.016566244885325432,
0.02345205284655094,
0.005957233719527721,
-0.0032620325218886137,
0.030188823118805885,
0.01770605519413948,
0.014997594058513641,
0.0051657939329743385,
0.004133506212383509,
0.07538507133722305,
0.023417191579937935,
-0.031168917194008827,
-0.036088258028030396,
-0.01678411290049553,
-0.02648005820810795,
-0.013470560312271118,
-0.03378131613135338,
0.017362169921398163,
-0.008162268437445164,
-0.005097456742078066,
-0.08149638026952744,
0.07232145220041275,
0.062492307275533676,
-0.05338721722364426,
-0.016065064817667007,
-0.03693545609712601,
-0.013168140314519405,
-0.007350325584411621,
0.04734447970986366,
0.022801825776696205,
0.05382741615176201,
-0.0041907550767064095,
-0.0033606155775487423,
-0.0023707784712314606,
-0.02836456522345543,
-0.009549718350172043,
0.03502854332327843,
0.01830950193107128,
-0.017493287101387978,
-0.04270358756184578,
0.012203920632600784,
-0.05925317853689194,
0.037668995559215546,
0.014015672728419304,
0.004739842377603054,
0.004885238595306873,
-0.04100007936358452,
-0.05184655264019966,
-0.0017117528477683663,
0.007980884052813053,
-0.022176165133714676,
-0.01709248498082161,
-0.0497715137898922,
0.0025577449705451727,
0.07459843903779984,
0.037991274148225784,
-0.014267080463469028,
0.003101382404565811,
0.01950678601861,
-0.024146396666765213,
0.030492251738905907,
-0.08042682707309723,
-0.0480753518640995,
0.04713098704814911,
-0.06276858597993851,
0.028824131935834885,
0.03459182754158974,
0.027896389365196228,
0.05518811196088791,
-0.005857008509337902,
-0.009944751858711243,
-0.010417463257908821,
-0.0008226517820730805,
-0.008307748474180698,
0.036045823246240616,
-0.05574244260787964,
-0.03870697692036629,
-0.031573373824357986,
-0.02693297527730465,
-0.28677213191986084,
0.01870211400091648,
0.04247500002384186,
-0.028868019580841064,
-0.023151645436882973,
-0.0021416170056909323,
0.02307647466659546,
-0.05405973270535469,
-0.0012429372873157263,
0.01925046183168888,
0.03085329942405224,
0.014387082308530807,
0.023732630535960197,
0.03562133386731148,
-0.01494861301034689,
0.0029479763470590115,
0.03431151434779167,
0.007486314047127962,
-0.05659949779510498,
-0.045938197523355484,
0.019059598445892334,
-0.036211010068655014,
0.13113054633140564,
-0.031204797327518463,
0.014672172255814075,
0.0034815152175724506,
0.009348471648991108,
0.012321987189352512,
0.008251897059381008,
-0.0018674781313166022,
0.03654571995139122,
0.017764810472726822,
-0.019111400470137596,
0.005194974597543478,
-0.004901498556137085,
0.051288820803165436,
-0.03724375367164612,
0.008669061586260796,
0.021560149267315865,
0.02724379487335682,
-0.04570132866501808,
-0.0016784592298790812,
0.03845353052020073,
-0.047189861536026,
0.09104438871145248,
-0.009678799659013748,
-0.03185361623764038,
-0.047513607889413834,
-0.02713492326438427,
0.01854056864976883,
-0.060679640620946884,
0.024509834125638008,
0.04635244235396385,
-0.04590306431055069,
-0.015985921025276184,
-0.005067786667495966,
0.012320347130298615,
-0.028451040387153625,
0.0018239258788526058,
0.05372531712055206,
0.030311476439237595,
-0.014993402175605297,
-0.04339481145143509,
0.08726881444454193,
0.019029397517442703
] |
PMID:19554
|
[Critical observations on the use of phenolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)].
|
At pH 10, which is in the alkaline measurement range, phenolphthalein is bound by albumin. The resonance system of this acid-base indicator cannot therefore be completely formed, and the colour intensity is correspondingly lower. Albumin also binds phenolphthalein monophosphate at pH 4-8, in the pH range of the enzymic reaction. Depending on the relative concentrations, the substrate concentration is therefore either suboptimal (manifested as a lower catalytic concentration of phosphatase), or the substrate excess is bound by albumin, so that the substrate inhibition of the phosphatase is decreased or abolished. Binding of phenolphthalein and its monophosphate to albumin is partly prevented by the addition of alcohol. These results show that the determination of prostate phosphatase with the substrate phenolphthalein monophosphate is markedly influenced by various factors. The interpretation of the observed colour intensity is therefore difficult, and the calculation of the catalytic concentration is frequently subject to error.
|
[Critical observations on the use of phenolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. At pH 10, which is in the alkaline measurement range, phenolphthalein is bound by albumin. The resonance system of this acid-base indicator cannot therefore be completely formed, and the colour intensity is correspondingly lower. Albumin also binds phenolphthalein monophosphate at pH 4-8, in the pH range of the enzymic reaction. Depending on the relative concentrations, the substrate concentration is therefore either suboptimal (manifested as a lower catalytic concentration of phosphatase), or the substrate excess is bound by albumin, so that the substrate inhibition of the phosphatase is decreased or abolished. Binding of phenolphthalein and its monophosphate to albumin is partly prevented by the addition of alcohol. These results show that the determination of prostate phosphatase with the substrate phenolphthalein monophosphate is markedly influenced by various factors. The interpretation of the observed colour intensity is therefore difficult, and the calculation of the catalytic concentration is frequently subject to error.
|
[
-0.03744309023022652,
-0.0023511352483183146,
0.008277310989797115,
0.005727155599743128,
-0.006907083559781313,
-0.027265947312116623,
0.10701398551464081,
0.04904322698712349,
-0.05227798968553543,
-0.017372505739331245,
0.040541164577007294,
-0.07792898267507553,
-0.004970444831997156,
0.0846414789557457,
-0.03178606927394867,
-0.009503882378339767,
0.030338086187839508,
0.006553507875651121,
-0.05369085446000099,
0.0049214549362659454,
0.024466685950756073,
0.028240470215678215,
0.006510766688734293,
-0.03510752320289612,
0.07100532948970795,
0.015470998361706734,
0.04846862703561783,
-0.009543830528855324,
-0.03724174201488495,
-0.2321614921092987,
0.005554011091589928,
-0.02953471429646015,
-0.005041258409619331,
-0.06061706691980362,
-0.013161567971110344,
-0.0077058784663677216,
0.0011435442138463259,
-0.012810155749320984,
-0.00809589121490717,
0.05473718047142029,
0.02055211365222931,
0.035768650472164154,
-0.028143294155597687,
0.0217913668602705,
0.03461594507098198,
0.019217777997255325,
-0.08678488433361053,
0.007325662299990654,
0.056774526834487915,
-0.007639892399311066,
-0.021685225889086723,
0.024456651881337166,
0.004420776851475239,
-0.0002822703099809587,
-0.012306892313063145,
-0.03929126262664795,
0.02197633869946003,
0.053100232034921646,
0.004173400811851025,
0.006260404363274574,
-0.002795818028971553,
0.033236656337976456,
-0.15407578647136688,
0.07345042377710342,
0.05066397786140442,
-0.023929966613650322,
0.00436053890734911,
-0.022648315876722336,
0.05480266362428665,
0.06543392688035965,
-0.03831968829035759,
0.04903509467840195,
0.0346536710858345,
-0.013767752796411514,
0.010135544463992119,
-0.02778472565114498,
0.02887973189353943,
-0.022687474265694618,
-0.003402794012799859,
-0.0034325309097766876,
-0.031025812029838562,
0.06345779448747635,
-0.007340526673942804,
0.006554627791047096,
-0.0033200818579643965,
0.021573854610323906,
0.028357259929180145,
-0.003675219137221575,
0.03510848432779312,
0.04626571014523506,
0.03922528773546219,
-0.08916109800338745,
-0.008471682667732239,
-0.0311488825827837,
-0.0612826868891716,
0.0759490579366684,
0.015142065472900867,
-0.025291312485933304,
-0.02313053049147129,
0.3910139799118042,
-0.07493765652179718,
0.03679881989955902,
-0.038491904735565186,
-0.026599841192364693,
-0.01064611691981554,
-0.027457596734166145,
-0.040728408843278885,
-0.004600646439939737,
-0.042612142860889435,
0.03512316569685936,
0.044257547706365585,
-0.0269911028444767,
0.0032597563695162535,
-0.08544658124446869,
-0.025547802448272705,
-0.01829119771718979,
-0.007777807768434286,
0.0199888925999403,
-0.01029511634260416,
-0.022704657167196274,
-0.008541983552277088,
0.013511656783521175,
0.0114103639498353,
-0.005734455306082964,
0.04309355840086937,
0.0499659925699234,
0.016917986795306206,
0.07445572316646576,
0.06672267615795135,
0.05520405247807503,
0.022177552804350853,
-0.021376080811023712,
0.012470649555325508,
0.011807371862232685,
0.015225510112941265,
-0.029089564457535744,
0.07173272967338562,
0.01259127352386713,
0.06178275868296623,
0.03109440580010414,
-0.022649142891168594,
-0.049639590084552765,
-0.057185884565114975,
-0.0301751047372818,
-0.00527406157925725,
0.14208142459392548,
-0.01262374222278595,
0.020111409947276115,
-0.03008979745209217,
-0.037159547209739685,
-0.006422961130738258,
0.02320595644414425,
-0.041339244693517685,
0.03480193018913269,
-0.010672667995095253,
0.006577847525477409,
-0.013651528395712376,
-0.012247368693351746,
0.02225581184029579,
-0.030740126967430115,
-0.0916280522942543,
0.007163623813539743,
0.0030993015971034765,
0.03493374586105347,
-0.010554810985922813,
0.02219502255320549,
-0.021849552169442177,
-0.047900523990392685,
0.011157259345054626,
-0.0033365050330758095,
-0.028867274522781372,
0.007702818140387535,
0.020381322130560875,
-0.04076407104730606,
-0.04282321780920029,
0.012640067376196384,
0.029544135555624962,
0.08561493456363678,
-0.0030366333667188883,
-0.03160485252737999,
0.03346787765622139,
-0.01783927157521248,
-0.026900652796030045,
0.0048641846515238285,
0.014484326355159283,
-0.056729529052972794,
-0.009356137365102768,
0.030080266296863556,
-0.009324315935373306,
0.03628211095929146,
-0.01012843195348978,
0.003411323530599475,
-0.056627292186021805,
0.0168465543538332,
-0.04871821776032448,
-0.020372170954942703,
-0.049001920968294144,
0.0069014206528663635,
-0.00007793748955009505,
-0.021277425810694695,
0.1359570324420929,
-0.011149072088301182,
-0.01853974163532257,
0.05868371203541756,
0.004850699100643396,
0.07962535321712494,
-0.039456456899642944,
0.06276620179414749,
0.033316828310489655,
0.04895156994462013,
-0.05717642977833748,
-0.0072217644192278385,
-0.06937339901924133,
-0.0015309684677049518,
-0.048429936170578,
0.028944451361894608,
-0.016085149720311165,
-0.03846040368080139,
0.020739413797855377,
-0.018727827817201614,
0.02209474705159664,
-0.032273463904857635,
-0.061530038714408875,
-0.2867909073829651,
-0.017720956355333328,
0.004454394802451134,
0.03735790401697159,
0.04387576878070831,
-0.022503312677145004,
-0.02461906149983406,
-0.0007910325657576323,
-0.009376704692840576,
-0.06637682020664215,
0.05988961458206177,
0.06064921244978905,
-0.01149199903011322,
0.028859904035925865,
0.02413741499185562,
0.0464262031018734,
0.010792260058224201,
-0.07640524953603745,
-0.016667161136865616,
0.0048269303515553474,
0.007231779396533966,
-0.02409612573683262,
-0.024434076622128487,
-0.009030953980982304,
0.10127952694892883,
-0.009739179164171219,
0.11771056801080704,
-0.003941756207495928,
-0.036893393844366074,
-0.0048523866571486,
0.026537613943219185,
0.025398846715688705,
-0.03811199218034744,
-0.08513180911540985,
-0.04174721986055374,
-0.015612231567502022,
-0.015354432165622711,
-0.03666539117693901,
-0.02555461786687374,
0.020029010251164436,
-0.03867984935641289,
0.05976490303874016,
-0.014293011277914047,
-0.051877595484256744,
-0.063759446144104,
0.007270343601703644,
0.03688270226120949,
0.0469621866941452,
0.00965084694325924,
0.03525259345769882,
0.03521915152668953,
-0.0015204763039946556,
0.01681692712008953,
-0.03289204090833664,
-0.037735287100076675,
0.008469310589134693,
-0.005335215944796801,
0.010579373687505722,
-0.025922898203134537,
0.011802047491073608,
-0.03668304160237312,
-0.02812541462481022,
0.01570907048881054,
0.05359078571200371,
-0.006531239952892065,
-0.03925889730453491,
-0.01674344763159752,
-0.03723086416721344,
0.045048635452985764,
0.038852836936712265,
0.013506279326975346,
0.04310986027121544,
-0.06161359325051308,
0.06567481905221939,
0.06135129556059837,
-0.013101848773658276,
0.002621120074763894,
-0.04301093891263008,
-0.013464981690049171,
-0.029420236125588417,
-0.007025830913335085,
0.006550271529704332,
0.0872744619846344,
-0.022510364651679993,
-0.033895377069711685,
0.06053084507584572,
0.015469971112906933,
-0.011228234507143497,
0.045582205057144165,
0.04178529232740402,
-0.01244206354022026,
0.023113343864679337,
-0.017504729330539703,
-0.04387857764959335,
0.03401739522814751,
0.00941033847630024,
-0.28134575486183167,
-0.007031533867120743,
0.02132086269557476,
0.06898582726716995,
-0.045497000217437744,
0.08406952023506165,
0.0018043984891846776,
0.00019298265397083014,
-0.0235544815659523,
-0.0013380986638367176,
0.013668972998857498,
0.021141303703188896,
0.019616231322288513,
0.021571356803178787,
-0.05469323694705963,
0.015779750421643257,
0.0042573013342916965,
-0.005357208661735058,
0.004882269073277712,
0.0018931751837953925,
0.029175763949751854,
-0.07614166289567947,
0.15547101199626923,
-0.021656135097146034,
-0.018453175202012062,
0.0552937313914299,
0.059794433414936066,
-0.004663766827434301,
-0.07807140052318573,
-0.007153582759201527,
-0.06516830623149872,
0.017131894826889038,
0.07389924675226212,
-0.07023361325263977,
0.025936296209692955,
0.08645015209913254,
0.02095777355134487,
-0.0171466376632452,
-0.028320541605353355,
0.003718365216627717,
0.001052803359925747,
-0.06357591599225998,
-0.08110544830560684,
-0.014736964367330074,
0.04558958858251572,
-0.08855515718460083,
-0.03200941160321236,
0.01682709902524948,
0.03117663413286209,
-0.0312366783618927,
-0.025832677260041237,
-0.007079536560922861,
-0.0006241310038603842,
0.08912340551614761,
-0.030703801661729813,
0.01874666102230549,
-0.01570223644375801,
-0.06764855980873108,
-0.019524842500686646,
0.013783276081085205,
0.008505642414093018,
0.012490056455135345,
-0.006807083263993263,
0.0783102735877037,
0.04156363010406494
] |
PMID:19555
|
Relations between ameboid movement and membrane-controlled electrical currents.
|
We have studied the pattern of electrical currents through amebas (mainly Chaos chaos) with an ultrasensitive extracellular vibrating probe. Amebas drive both steady currents and current pulses through themselves. Relatively steady current with an average surface density of 0.1-0.2 muA/cm2 enters the rear quarter of an ameba and leaves its pseudopods. Streaming reversals are preceded by changes in this current pattern and the region with the largest new inward current becomes the new tail. Ion substitution studies suggest that some of the steady inward current is carried by calcium ions. Characteristic stimulated pulses of current sometimes follow the close approach of the vibrating probe to the side of an advancing pseudopod. Such a pulse enters the cytoplasm through a small patch of membrane near the probe (and seems to leave through the adjacent membrane), is usually followed by hyaline cap and then by pseudopod initiation, is calcium dependent, lasts about 5-10 s, and has a peak density of about 0.4 muA/cm2. Spontaneous pulses of similar shape and duration may enter or leave any part of an animal. They are much less localized, tend to have higher peak densities, and occur in physiological salt solutions at about 0.2-4 times per minute. Retraction of a pseudopod is always accompanied or preceded by a spontaneous pulse which leaves its sides.
|
Relations between ameboid movement and membrane-controlled electrical currents. We have studied the pattern of electrical currents through amebas (mainly Chaos chaos) with an ultrasensitive extracellular vibrating probe. Amebas drive both steady currents and current pulses through themselves. Relatively steady current with an average surface density of 0.1-0.2 muA/cm2 enters the rear quarter of an ameba and leaves its pseudopods. Streaming reversals are preceded by changes in this current pattern and the region with the largest new inward current becomes the new tail. Ion substitution studies suggest that some of the steady inward current is carried by calcium ions. Characteristic stimulated pulses of current sometimes follow the close approach of the vibrating probe to the side of an advancing pseudopod. Such a pulse enters the cytoplasm through a small patch of membrane near the probe (and seems to leave through the adjacent membrane), is usually followed by hyaline cap and then by pseudopod initiation, is calcium dependent, lasts about 5-10 s, and has a peak density of about 0.4 muA/cm2. Spontaneous pulses of similar shape and duration may enter or leave any part of an animal. They are much less localized, tend to have higher peak densities, and occur in physiological salt solutions at about 0.2-4 times per minute. Retraction of a pseudopod is always accompanied or preceded by a spontaneous pulse which leaves its sides.
|
[
-0.02068297192454338,
-0.03876497969031334,
0.02198815904557705,
-0.009748856537044048,
-0.023411449044942856,
-0.04717818647623062,
0.036828890442848206,
-0.004923989996314049,
0.004125307314097881,
0.005629114806652069,
0.0119636757299304,
-0.08063959330320358,
0.010454841889441013,
0.014232350513339043,
0.008487369865179062,
0.03127042576670647,
-0.012889542616903782,
-0.02138037048280239,
-0.028612378984689713,
0.02704044245183468,
0.04475214704871178,
0.008672092109918594,
0.00046928488882258534,
0.03141937404870987,
-0.012109566479921341,
0.0015842156717553735,
-0.007829051464796066,
0.025660566985607147,
-0.06998888403177261,
-0.21671020984649658,
-0.0416627936065197,
-0.02225334569811821,
-0.010169191285967827,
-0.02144334651529789,
-0.018461141735315323,
-0.00864923745393753,
-0.018468739464879036,
-0.08481158316135406,
0.013576068915426731,
0.034783877432346344,
0.03275662660598755,
0.011434336192905903,
0.04208025336265564,
-0.007869783788919449,
0.022303596138954163,
-0.02978416532278061,
0.026756316423416138,
-0.02354210428893566,
0.08234796673059464,
-0.024907294660806656,
0.005508114118129015,
-0.008095244877040386,
0.04013524204492569,
0.02674599550664425,
0.031623464077711105,
0.03750300779938698,
0.012021182104945183,
0.0015112757682800293,
0.04634466767311096,
0.01587328501045704,
0.05385424941778183,
0.05615144968032837,
-0.09628955274820328,
0.07116784155368805,
0.06226218864321709,
-0.012805518694221973,
-0.01837589219212532,
0.0028403184842318296,
0.0597783587872982,
0.0018007982289418578,
-0.03714064881205559,
-0.006349474657326937,
-0.0337037667632103,
-0.04316389560699463,
0.015363819897174835,
-0.02138131856918335,
0.006568752229213715,
0.010682386346161366,
-0.012879332527518272,
0.007237205747514963,
-0.05538133531808853,
0.006159852258861065,
0.046195968985557556,
-0.021980391815304756,
-0.011363721452653408,
0.017169123515486717,
0.05195366591215134,
-0.040971625596284866,
0.023143606260418892,
-0.00906627532094717,
-0.04715542495250702,
-0.013161999173462391,
0.004262323025614023,
0.008016317151486874,
-0.036643143743276596,
0.0802973136305809,
-0.023509206250309944,
-0.008059854619204998,
0.03812722489237785,
0.3861318528652191,
0.005258267745375633,
0.04132834076881409,
0.052508946508169174,
0.03561432287096977,
0.014601538889110088,
-0.036958660930395126,
0.027616236358880997,
-0.015003982000052929,
0.026268545538187027,
0.09632492810487747,
0.06616825610399246,
-0.02625606395304203,
0.015732966363430023,
-0.028708146885037422,
0.02316100150346756,
-0.012842864729464054,
0.04877597093582153,
0.012406299822032452,
0.0016893853899091482,
0.0069016157649457455,
-0.06858278065919876,
-0.023755423724651337,
0.040824126452207565,
0.009748369455337524,
0.046356309205293655,
-0.0034163568634539843,
-0.03221743181347847,
0.061066884547472,
0.054896846413612366,
-0.07758248597383499,
0.04287847504019737,
0.04012100771069527,
-0.055607158690690994,
-0.0013199372915551066,
0.004460491705685854,
-0.0045382361859083176,
0.02284758910536766,
-0.0829913467168808,
-0.010157055221498013,
-0.026623062789440155,
0.002641410334035754,
-0.03864898532629013,
0.05683604255318642,
-0.07470832765102386,
-0.0715947076678276,
0.018675385043025017,
0.006414702627807856,
0.041194848716259,
-0.03917650878429413,
0.026920100674033165,
-0.046956177800893784,
0.020558632910251617,
0.012450123205780983,
-0.037422891706228256,
0.003246583975851536,
0.019095156341791153,
-0.008597465232014656,
0.0629480704665184,
-0.000403147452743724,
-0.029106538742780685,
-0.08684755861759186,
0.01640946790575981,
0.045539259910583496,
0.1216018870472908,
0.055733274668455124,
0.005370317026972771,
-0.014088389463722706,
-0.030836615711450577,
0.0047302586026489735,
-0.016129886731505394,
-0.06696173548698425,
0.015266588889062405,
-0.01466141827404499,
-0.04650542140007019,
0.02510981261730194,
0.010883024893701077,
-0.002932606963440776,
-0.06659884750843048,
0.023377669975161552,
0.005045812577009201,
0.05869529768824577,
-0.025527287274599075,
-0.021615980193018913,
0.05119172856211662,
-0.006442536599934101,
-0.023710664361715317,
-0.04865364357829094,
0.020681649446487427,
-0.01220625638961792,
0.027558470144867897,
0.02573537267744541,
-0.01937444508075714,
-0.04474533721804619,
0.06872863322496414,
-0.05709751695394516,
-0.07977578043937683,
0.044584497809410095,
-0.01979050040245056,
-0.0016702401917427778,
-0.025139281526207924,
0.03611372411251068,
-0.02074434421956539,
-0.010171445086598396,
0.05483398959040642,
0.016605254262685776,
0.015336149372160435,
-0.002716649789363146,
0.03919220343232155,
0.04650590196251869,
0.017361130565404892,
-0.026294223964214325,
-0.041838180273771286,
0.013507879339158535,
-0.047003719955682755,
-0.04642484709620476,
-0.022908801212906837,
-0.057739537209272385,
0.034191254526376724,
0.09645990282297134,
-0.03240782022476196,
-0.009170768782496452,
-0.04310343414545059,
-0.050376154482364655,
-0.32905831933021545,
-0.04332423210144043,
0.015901150181889534,
-0.053663019090890884,
0.09803006052970886,
-0.04452892392873764,
0.0032224913593381643,
-0.049358267337083817,
0.05633449926972389,
-0.11152299493551254,
-0.005479419603943825,
-0.031817711889743805,
-0.04243339225649834,
-0.03779102861881256,
0.05956653505563736,
0.08987114578485489,
0.0444549135863781,
0.03141558915376663,
0.024669930338859558,
0.028209934011101723,
-0.013434474356472492,
0.005154856014996767,
0.0414898544549942,
0.0352596640586853,
0.05061366781592369,
-0.04004845395684242,
0.10246261209249496,
0.02540486678481102,
-0.0119863823056221,
-0.07770916819572449,
-0.03341369703412056,
0.015935741364955902,
0.007269273512065411,
-0.010796835646033287,
-0.033445898443460464,
0.0038300149608403444,
0.07835293561220169,
-0.06866433471441269,
0.04448523372411728,
-0.04474271088838577,
-0.07933874428272247,
0.01514799427241087,
-0.011968796141445637,
-0.0005375033942982554,
-0.035865750163793564,
-0.050970982760190964,
-0.0006323128473013639,
-0.024340972304344177,
0.022376665845513344,
-0.046160146594047546,
0.06760124117136002,
-0.041339579969644547,
0.0019757195841521025,
-0.0012980508618056774,
0.03072674386203289,
-0.05574335530400276,
0.0007832810515537858,
0.0024041973520070314,
-0.05889512225985527,
0.018942005932331085,
-0.04952343925833702,
0.04826567694544792,
0.008998258970677853,
-0.018435051664710045,
0.00472546461969614,
-0.007344682235270739,
0.022086119279265404,
0.006061126012355089,
0.08500567823648453,
-0.008442076854407787,
0.03960065543651581,
0.12861941754817963,
0.03022962622344494,
-0.02252931147813797,
0.03987995535135269,
-0.028483768925070763,
0.010662682354450226,
-0.018758319318294525,
0.006367924157530069,
0.0200068186968565,
0.009317146614193916,
-0.05340373143553734,
0.05390463024377823,
-0.0001955291663762182,
-0.01938118040561676,
0.003589907893911004,
0.010804465040564537,
-0.029506821185350418,
0.02118004858493805,
-0.03602953255176544,
-0.009112635627388954,
-0.008943045511841774,
-0.034423261880874634,
-0.023859618231654167,
-0.021873120218515396,
0.0023736986331641674,
-0.28035491704940796,
0.04413217678666115,
0.004916002508252859,
0.04059206321835518,
-0.03277367725968361,
-0.002518556546419859,
0.0635879710316658,
-0.05318153277039528,
-0.03579576313495636,
0.04951348528265953,
-0.077588751912117,
0.024376947432756424,
0.03556736558675766,
0.077631875872612,
0.017631633207201958,
0.04246201366186142,
0.0435321219265461,
-0.08622405678033829,
0.031124204397201538,
-0.09627537429332733,
-0.055739372968673706,
-0.008719764649868011,
0.15843252837657928,
-0.021076533943414688,
0.01664993353188038,
-0.009061919525265694,
-0.0084203677251935,
0.02397300861775875,
-0.015576768666505814,
-0.005159124732017517,
0.053272224962711334,
0.03482620045542717,
0.04118717461824417,
-0.013794864527881145,
0.05782006308436394,
0.02176143415272236,
-0.02792469784617424,
0.045629989355802536,
-0.019134989008307457,
-0.01424823235720396,
0.01561816968023777,
0.059994280338287354,
-0.040725961327552795,
-0.018003620207309723,
0.03487628325819969,
-0.000006890481472510146,
-0.051676735281944275,
-0.024682918563485146,
-0.0018803869606927037,
0.06049799919128418,
-0.017246268689632416,
-0.02232237346470356,
0.01546571683138609,
0.02017800323665142,
-0.02798774465918541,
0.04354292154312134,
-0.047631748020648956,
-0.019233809784054756,
0.003600501222535968,
-0.011154416017234325,
0.0610392801463604,
-0.03455867990851402,
-0.021214177832007408,
-0.016534920781850815,
0.0591563917696476
] |
PMID:19556
|
Temperature-dependent changes of chloride transport kinetics in human red cells.
|
Chloride self-exchange in human red cells was studied between 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C. At higher temperatures the flow-tube method was used. Although the general features of chloride transport at 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C are similar, the following differences were found: (a) the maximum pH of chloride self-exchange flux was lowered 0.6 pH unit from 7.8 to 7.2 when temperature was increased from 0 degrees C to 38 degrees C; (b)the apparent half-saturation constant increased from 28 mM at 0 degrees C to 65 mM at 38 degrees C; (c) chloride transport at body temperature is slower than predicted by other investigators by extrapolation from low-temperature results. Chloride transport increased only 200 times when temperature was raised from 0 degrees C to 38 degrees C, because the apparent activation energy decreased from 30 kcal mol(-1) to 20 kcal mol(-1) above a temperature of 15 degrees C; (d) a study of temperature dependence of the slower bromide self-exchange showed that a similar change of activation energy occurred around 25 degrees C. Both in the case of Cl(-) (15 degrees C) and in the case of Br(-) (25 degrees C), critical temperature was reached when the anion self-exchange had a turnover number of about 4x10(9) ions cell (-1)s(-1); (e) inhibition of chloride transport by DIDS (4,4'- diisothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate)revealed that the deflection persisted at 15 degrees C at partial inhibition (66 percent) presumably because DIDS inactivated 66 percent of the transport sites. It is suggested that a less temperature- dependent step of anion exchange becomes rate limiting at the temperature where a critical turnover number is reached.
|
Temperature-dependent changes of chloride transport kinetics in human red cells. Chloride self-exchange in human red cells was studied between 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C. At higher temperatures the flow-tube method was used. Although the general features of chloride transport at 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C are similar, the following differences were found: (a) the maximum pH of chloride self-exchange flux was lowered 0.6 pH unit from 7.8 to 7.2 when temperature was increased from 0 degrees C to 38 degrees C; (b)the apparent half-saturation constant increased from 28 mM at 0 degrees C to 65 mM at 38 degrees C; (c) chloride transport at body temperature is slower than predicted by other investigators by extrapolation from low-temperature results. Chloride transport increased only 200 times when temperature was raised from 0 degrees C to 38 degrees C, because the apparent activation energy decreased from 30 kcal mol(-1) to 20 kcal mol(-1) above a temperature of 15 degrees C; (d) a study of temperature dependence of the slower bromide self-exchange showed that a similar change of activation energy occurred around 25 degrees C. Both in the case of Cl(-) (15 degrees C) and in the case of Br(-) (25 degrees C), critical temperature was reached when the anion self-exchange had a turnover number of about 4x10(9) ions cell (-1)s(-1); (e) inhibition of chloride transport by DIDS (4,4'- diisothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate)revealed that the deflection persisted at 15 degrees C at partial inhibition (66 percent) presumably because DIDS inactivated 66 percent of the transport sites. It is suggested that a less temperature- dependent step of anion exchange becomes rate limiting at the temperature where a critical turnover number is reached.
|
[
-0.08316069841384888,
-0.003187728812918067,
0.012674596160650253,
0.04036587476730347,
0.0601903572678566,
0.043512746691703796,
0.10399837046861649,
0.002114641945809126,
-0.026257367804646492,
-0.05475148931145668,
0.07078950107097626,
-0.09729903191328049,
0.016182277351617813,
0.004121491685509682,
-0.04571601375937462,
0.012894535437226295,
0.024756425991654396,
-0.023129338398575783,
-0.06975177675485611,
-0.005514377262443304,
-0.0010624147253111005,
-0.072201207280159,
0.029070084914565086,
-0.017808882519602776,
0.03007557988166809,
-0.020195987075567245,
0.027289578691124916,
0.005615913309156895,
-0.05999189615249634,
-0.21664810180664062,
-0.00026531569892540574,
0.015307639725506306,
-0.030625075101852417,
-0.018223656341433525,
-0.011999230831861496,
-0.014236514456570148,
-0.016231559216976166,
0.03033420443534851,
-0.07418809086084366,
0.03714243322610855,
0.0639452338218689,
0.06608568876981735,
0.04478783905506134,
0.029261009767651558,
0.0001880963973235339,
0.039761271327733994,
-0.031086605042219162,
0.0540163516998291,
0.06837407499551773,
0.0686568170785904,
0.0038948648143559694,
-0.00343334604986012,
-0.05001634359359741,
0.03481069579720497,
-0.009536136873066425,
0.038487229496240616,
0.008906872943043709,
0.03176859766244888,
0.017816904932260513,
-0.031005648896098137,
0.009938348084688187,
0.03446723520755768,
-0.13891202211380005,
0.051092229783535004,
0.08057955652475357,
0.012200446799397469,
-0.02216091752052307,
-0.0007886081002652645,
0.026248982176184654,
0.00841969158500433,
-0.07535216957330704,
0.033740200102329254,
0.004242747090756893,
-0.004196681547909975,
0.06117133051156998,
-0.06052538752555847,
-0.032700587064027786,
-0.009811250492930412,
0.060751840472221375,
-0.003421654226258397,
-0.02898600697517395,
0.0201369971036911,
0.012540691532194614,
-0.032870661467313766,
0.03712812811136246,
-0.015755554661154747,
0.03852953761816025,
-0.04675593599677086,
-0.030850306153297424,
-0.0317472368478775,
-0.023622147738933563,
-0.044007815420627594,
-0.025327043607831,
0.021068954840302467,
-0.07076498121023178,
0.04161084070801735,
0.026338331401348114,
-0.03994676098227501,
-0.003004656871780753,
0.38287925720214844,
0.007356004323810339,
0.030058609321713448,
-0.04899679869413376,
0.062479060143232346,
0.021855905652046204,
0.00014853289758320898,
0.0147313317283988,
-0.011469618417322636,
-0.008247589692473412,
-0.016732212156057358,
0.001610839506611228,
0.0006208264385350049,
-0.01299829687923193,
-0.04045529663562775,
-0.0189953800290823,
-0.01078054215759039,
0.0816325917840004,
-0.004567669238895178,
-0.022443924099206924,
0.0877176970243454,
-0.046678632497787476,
0.003542007179930806,
0.05709202587604523,
-0.02146095409989357,
0.025534186512231827,
0.018107272684574127,
0.017988692969083786,
0.09146679192781448,
-0.01915564015507698,
0.0337505117058754,
0.0797274112701416,
0.07174887508153915,
-0.020549245178699493,
0.0020815443713217974,
-0.04682055115699768,
0.006763526238501072,
-0.021679550409317017,
-0.05950527265667915,
0.034493181854486465,
-0.01991899684071541,
0.021117113530635834,
-0.051507774740457535,
-0.030061598867177963,
-0.10754972696304321,
-0.028043091297149658,
0.08485177159309387,
-0.028963619843125343,
0.02580134943127632,
-0.03407362475991249,
0.002706061350181699,
0.0164719857275486,
0.026524147018790245,
-0.00836772471666336,
-0.01183212362229824,
-0.023023029789328575,
-0.00022540983627550304,
-0.0023393428418785334,
-0.02438134141266346,
0.01599850133061409,
-0.03322211652994156,
-0.055492572486400604,
0.01841840334236622,
-0.010783250443637371,
0.051914848387241364,
0.005836124066263437,
0.02503812499344349,
0.03620497137308121,
0.0033040079288184643,
0.04378385841846466,
0.00668678991496563,
0.0008044451824389398,
-0.003840196644887328,
-0.040577322244644165,
-0.05649565905332565,
0.020317602902650833,
0.03323600813746452,
0.008214717730879784,
-0.033428072929382324,
0.04202733561396599,
0.021802304312586784,
-0.00700750108808279,
0.010073711164295673,
0.03382591903209686,
0.021711114794015884,
0.08928268402814865,
0.0004765255725942552,
-0.06137264892458916,
-0.007482700981199741,
0.018789922818541527,
0.10736159980297089,
-0.06986390799283981,
-0.020901188254356384,
-0.04733290150761604,
0.027382900938391685,
-0.040910061448812485,
-0.0034537024330347776,
0.0012616674648597836,
-0.0251929871737957,
0.013269082643091679,
-0.015064540319144726,
0.09807111322879791,
-0.022822286933660507,
-0.05872036889195442,
0.06039494648575783,
0.014681424014270306,
0.031953584402799606,
0.03671243041753769,
0.016220759600400925,
0.038930557668209076,
0.022595934569835663,
-0.03792058676481247,
-0.025846639648079872,
-0.04038264602422714,
-0.020474065095186234,
-0.03812703490257263,
-0.003957854118198156,
0.008973636664450169,
-0.011381326243281364,
0.05770456790924072,
-0.06107132136821747,
0.048701927065849304,
-0.08647900074720383,
-0.03353634476661682,
-0.2855049669742584,
-0.013611944392323494,
0.04780231788754463,
-0.015077892690896988,
0.1125367134809494,
-0.0341787189245224,
0.0347975455224514,
-0.02072686329483986,
0.0042408606968820095,
-0.02887594699859619,
0.09775008261203766,
0.008838249370455742,
-0.0752217024564743,
-0.09510216116905212,
0.019932564347982407,
0.017948532477021217,
0.03787824511528015,
0.019159337505698204,
0.04709272086620331,
0.02485533431172371,
0.03068985603749752,
0.006595285143703222,
0.0013922423822805285,
0.013912015594542027,
0.011594713665544987,
-0.03396209329366684,
0.058887843042612076,
-0.06717096269130707,
-0.009342760778963566,
0.02085106633603573,
0.0186258926987648,
-0.026577448472380638,
-0.0013349264627322555,
-0.08615271747112274,
-0.036619123071432114,
-0.03558994457125664,
0.036552563309669495,
-0.04006606340408325,
0.008080762811005116,
0.019506851211190224,
-0.02990693412721157,
0.019352097064256668,
-0.06531838327646255,
-0.002620328450575471,
-0.02571224234998226,
-0.00024501016014255583,
0.017871251329779625,
-0.013346182182431221,
-0.06940893083810806,
-0.01996321976184845,
0.02502165362238884,
-0.009460587985813618,
0.006097590085119009,
-0.0455622524023056,
0.003693651407957077,
-0.024201739579439163,
0.01101614534854889,
0.056218165904283524,
-0.09569545835256577,
-0.003347700694575906,
-0.042103804647922516,
0.012868272140622139,
-0.002539975568652153,
-0.011913307942450047,
-0.00987591315060854,
-0.008641177788376808,
0.04073594510555267,
0.04695189744234085,
0.06504424661397934,
-0.00349593092687428,
0.03073875606060028,
0.12434950470924377,
-0.008474592119455338,
0.018799055367708206,
0.040896039456129074,
0.054684367030858994,
-0.0888623297214508,
0.0029649343341588974,
-0.08465901017189026,
-0.014074611477553844,
0.025860143825411797,
-0.026516444981098175,
0.08834677189588547,
-0.016889868304133415,
0.02203463762998581,
0.045918241143226624,
0.006520842667669058,
-0.02215617522597313,
-0.004472638946026564,
0.012006624601781368,
-0.03465910255908966,
-0.0549984872341156,
-0.02048100158572197,
-0.04018249362707138,
0.07127980887889862,
0.027403175830841064,
-0.25512540340423584,
-0.020612886175513268,
0.039289359003305435,
0.010804465971887112,
-0.027521122246980667,
0.003435959341004491,
0.06339046359062195,
0.00447695842012763,
-0.06743740290403366,
0.06321599334478378,
0.0009086331119760871,
-0.0043659331277012825,
0.09372338652610779,
0.06507592648267746,
0.017371950671076775,
-0.03564189001917839,
0.019112352281808853,
-0.08383750170469284,
-0.04339449107646942,
-0.010736675933003426,
0.019514175131917,
0.003520070808008313,
0.1441386640071869,
-0.023151744157075882,
0.011647776700556278,
0.043855197727680206,
-0.014673496596515179,
0.03797547519207001,
0.006374427117407322,
0.007170812226831913,
-0.009667189791798592,
0.025313332676887512,
-0.006801937241107225,
-0.0010021631605923176,
0.00027286980184726417,
0.04131943732500076,
-0.010293787345290184,
0.017790894955396652,
-0.047962915152311325,
0.007820531725883484,
0.04135970026254654,
0.022569481283426285,
-0.049816958606243134,
-0.0621536560356617,
0.08844374120235443,
-0.020491180941462517,
-0.028088705614209175,
-0.07808683812618256,
0.022932019084692,
-0.027737637981772423,
-0.02751808427274227,
-0.02466297335922718,
0.015124218538403511,
0.021118460223078728,
-0.01170081552118063,
0.03393919765949249,
-0.021552851423621178,
-0.03822597488760948,
-0.07003718614578247,
-0.04103214666247368,
0.038261353969573975,
-0.041032347828149796,
-0.012810843996703625,
0.0008795810281299055,
0.02398454211652279
] |
PMID:19557
|
Preferential hemolysis of postnatal calf red cells induced by internal alkalinization.
|
Red blood cells from neonatal calves, but not from adult cows, rapidly hemolyze in buffered 300 mM solutions of a variety of nonelectrolytes and amino acids. Of these compounds, sucrose is chosen to elucidate the mechanism by which this preferential hemolysis takes place. As in other mammalian red cells, both calf and cow cells are found to be impermeable to sucrose and, in an isosmolar sucrose solution, to undergo volume shrinkage caused by the net loss of chloride ions with concomitant increase in intracellular pH. To test the potential role of intracellular pH change associated with chloride loss in promoting hemolysis, intracellular pH was altered by: (a) a direct addition of fixed acid or base to sucrose solution; (b) the removal of dissolved CO(2) from sucrose solution; and (c) the addition of cells to isotonic NaHCO(3) solution in the absence of sucrose. In all cases, only calf and not cow cells underwent hemolysis. Moreover, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid, a potent anion transport inhibitor, completely protected calf cells from hemolysis and caused a nearly total inhibition of both chloride loss and intracellular alkalinization. Furthermore, the hemolytic process is closely related to the integrity of a membrane protein, the band 3 protein, which can be cleaved to varying degrees by the combined treatment of pronase and lipase. Hemolysis is progressively inhibited as the band 3 protein undergoes proteolysis, until a total inhibition of hemolysis takes place when almost all of the band 3 protein is digested into smaller protein components with a mol wt of 65,000 and 35,000 daltons. These results suggest that the intracellular alkalinization process leading to a structural instability of the membrane band 3 protein is responsible for this calf cell hemolysis.
|
Preferential hemolysis of postnatal calf red cells induced by internal alkalinization. Red blood cells from neonatal calves, but not from adult cows, rapidly hemolyze in buffered 300 mM solutions of a variety of nonelectrolytes and amino acids. Of these compounds, sucrose is chosen to elucidate the mechanism by which this preferential hemolysis takes place. As in other mammalian red cells, both calf and cow cells are found to be impermeable to sucrose and, in an isosmolar sucrose solution, to undergo volume shrinkage caused by the net loss of chloride ions with concomitant increase in intracellular pH. To test the potential role of intracellular pH change associated with chloride loss in promoting hemolysis, intracellular pH was altered by: (a) a direct addition of fixed acid or base to sucrose solution; (b) the removal of dissolved CO(2) from sucrose solution; and (c) the addition of cells to isotonic NaHCO(3) solution in the absence of sucrose. In all cases, only calf and not cow cells underwent hemolysis. Moreover, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid, a potent anion transport inhibitor, completely protected calf cells from hemolysis and caused a nearly total inhibition of both chloride loss and intracellular alkalinization. Furthermore, the hemolytic process is closely related to the integrity of a membrane protein, the band 3 protein, which can be cleaved to varying degrees by the combined treatment of pronase and lipase. Hemolysis is progressively inhibited as the band 3 protein undergoes proteolysis, until a total inhibition of hemolysis takes place when almost all of the band 3 protein is digested into smaller protein components with a mol wt of 65,000 and 35,000 daltons. These results suggest that the intracellular alkalinization process leading to a structural instability of the membrane band 3 protein is responsible for this calf cell hemolysis.
|
[
-0.08112843334674835,
-0.06007877364754677,
-0.04270397871732712,
0.026543395593762398,
0.04389289394021034,
-0.03454960882663727,
0.05152975395321846,
0.06013822555541992,
-0.016591578722000122,
0.057850517332553864,
0.033495787531137466,
-0.11569324880838394,
-0.015964021906256676,
0.030894657596945763,
-0.01854396052658558,
-0.03731797635555267,
-0.03147280961275101,
0.04223623871803284,
-0.13277675211429596,
0.002220430178567767,
-0.005026584956794977,
-0.01883532851934433,
-0.008122213184833527,
-0.05127936601638794,
0.06622295081615448,
-0.045093994587659836,
0.021332841366529465,
0.018458398059010506,
-0.07910460978746414,
-0.21249596774578094,
0.012911912053823471,
-0.012510111555457115,
0.018429158255457878,
-0.06977438181638718,
-0.020557548850774765,
0.0003262082755099982,
-0.007958679459989071,
0.010202355682849884,
-0.035112857818603516,
0.03946544975042343,
0.04710673913359642,
0.04904455691576004,
-0.0358039028942585,
0.028025122359395027,
-0.007803145796060562,
-0.021735254675149918,
0.003311930689960718,
-0.007675010710954666,
0.06313689053058624,
0.011440134607255459,
0.01768329180777073,
0.04095689207315445,
0.025342795997858047,
0.04064624011516571,
0.0103425532579422,
0.00992779340595007,
0.04165598005056381,
0.07016392797231674,
0.04850611090660095,
-0.002796455519273877,
0.034507229924201965,
0.02148847095668316,
-0.12182466685771942,
0.06860215961933136,
0.061945054680109024,
0.020663045346736908,
-0.018882250413298607,
-0.012102590873837471,
0.037417348474264145,
0.07729338854551315,
-0.07345712184906006,
0.06572773307561874,
0.027186939492821693,
0.005028685554862022,
-0.0006086155772209167,
-0.06257035583257675,
0.013837906531989574,
0.0011272691190242767,
0.009094050154089928,
0.00012480170698836446,
-0.017901845276355743,
0.000679535383824259,
-0.036071039736270905,
-0.002657748991623521,
-0.020319189876317978,
-0.008848114870488644,
-0.046821583062410355,
-0.04170482978224754,
0.028135957196354866,
-0.022242309525609016,
-0.025922562927007675,
-0.05638088658452034,
-0.02716599963605404,
0.036631990224123,
-0.08134862035512924,
-0.0044142333790659904,
-0.002487910445779562,
-0.03137096390128136,
-0.03578605130314827,
0.3552490770816803,
-0.029999803751707077,
-0.013241882435977459,
-0.02024771273136139,
-0.015063310973346233,
-0.0029367946553975344,
-0.036566849797964096,
-0.011696932837367058,
0.0540979728102684,
-0.029086779803037643,
0.06233746185898781,
0.01701660081744194,
0.057686690241098404,
0.026501184329390526,
-0.013552994467318058,
-0.040087029337882996,
0.03311952203512192,
-0.00712604308500886,
-0.013588831759989262,
-0.0034363004378974438,
0.029541494324803352,
-0.04166840761899948,
0.04344644397497177,
-0.01936875842511654,
-0.03552701324224472,
0.07926395535469055,
0.035467591136693954,
0.006018651649355888,
0.065834179520607,
0.001964982133358717,
-0.032112181186676025,
0.02241922728717327,
0.01494012214243412,
-0.07186414301395416,
0.02215985581278801,
-0.04889228567481041,
-0.011663427576422691,
-0.006388283334672451,
-0.04544060304760933,
0.04608432576060295,
-0.015188539400696754,
-0.013867808505892754,
-0.03080640360713005,
-0.08237113058567047,
-0.10495937615633011,
-0.018160676583647728,
0.06314995884895325,
0.03019952028989792,
0.03502817079424858,
-0.05082885921001434,
-0.03666110336780548,
0.0012071873061358929,
0.06157072260975838,
-0.029625406488776207,
0.0587024949491024,
-0.010860873386263847,
0.02575450763106346,
-0.06482461094856262,
-0.001407962990924716,
-0.016614871099591255,
0.003485516645014286,
-0.04914757236838341,
-0.004938783589750528,
0.023920057341456413,
0.0859970822930336,
0.020183995366096497,
0.016933389008045197,
-0.015161968767642975,
-0.019033022224903107,
0.010170111432671547,
-0.011653847061097622,
-0.019120998680591583,
0.0348116010427475,
0.01697833463549614,
-0.10711903125047684,
0.014414958655834198,
0.07618886232376099,
0.012484278529882431,
-0.007793446071445942,
0.070535808801651,
-0.028585031628608704,
0.0655258372426033,
0.00226013595238328,
0.04652964323759079,
0.011992081999778748,
0.07323240488767624,
-0.002599801402539015,
-0.05909193679690361,
0.005354987923055887,
0.01088398415595293,
0.06273201107978821,
-0.05330314859747887,
0.024905959144234657,
-0.060901131480932236,
-0.022059712558984756,
-0.0077604507096111774,
-0.011989962309598923,
0.03373495861887932,
-0.06602191925048828,
-0.005233141593635082,
-0.012712149880826473,
0.05078749731183052,
-0.03138284012675285,
-0.01739991456270218,
0.024226123467087746,
-0.01412045955657959,
0.025798024609684944,
0.034210432320833206,
0.000005981595677440055,
0.07475556433200836,
-0.05802721902728081,
-0.011471965350210667,
0.005824877414852381,
-0.06657052785158157,
-0.0024434237275272608,
-0.04975918307900429,
0.05426681041717529,
-0.0355229526758194,
-0.008271531201899052,
0.026350198313593864,
-0.007114551495760679,
0.04310176149010658,
-0.06401116400957108,
-0.02040211670100689,
-0.2876594364643097,
0.0014865125995129347,
0.061102043837308884,
-0.053705401718616486,
0.12391377985477448,
0.011417889036238194,
-0.008331959135830402,
-0.06271792203187943,
-0.01747697964310646,
-0.05008486285805702,
0.05126587301492691,
0.062366604804992676,
-0.026802919805049896,
-0.020932992920279503,
0.06740237772464752,
0.03445165976881981,
0.04178965836763382,
-0.059669263660907745,
0.04877191409468651,
0.04696384444832802,
0.02414746955037117,
0.011381804943084717,
0.0341690331697464,
0.047988902777433395,
0.04868292063474655,
0.00798889622092247,
0.07205341011285782,
-0.01289029698818922,
0.04779750853776932,
-0.03258503973484039,
-0.023360533639788628,
0.05067610740661621,
0.00048451207112520933,
-0.056342434138059616,
-0.028913984075188637,
0.007518643047660589,
0.020111441612243652,
-0.044468190521001816,
0.03753240779042244,
0.008309287950396538,
-0.019501809030771255,
0.03183778375387192,
-0.04496674984693527,
-0.042491521686315536,
0.009770325385034084,
0.00044795774738304317,
-0.012840342707931995,
-0.023044364526867867,
-0.009259936399757862,
0.00792104285210371,
0.08945704996585846,
-0.03479340299963951,
0.00771067850291729,
-0.001744370674714446,
0.06592448055744171,
0.014189299196004868,
-0.03770642727613449,
0.046089548617601395,
-0.10638027638196945,
-0.0505782887339592,
0.015220907516777515,
-0.026522889733314514,
-0.04962187260389328,
0.011377722956240177,
0.02723282389342785,
-0.007157638669013977,
0.015552450902760029,
0.08476763218641281,
0.056661877781152725,
0.02241012640297413,
0.03289315849542618,
0.08988553285598755,
-0.033569853752851486,
0.004651238676160574,
0.03174598515033722,
0.08033987879753113,
-0.06886843591928482,
-0.033401358872652054,
-0.028325488790869713,
0.00025391424424014986,
0.03215199336409569,
-0.07011442631483078,
0.07712987810373306,
-0.044526249170303345,
0.015613078139722347,
0.05664652958512306,
0.03306879103183746,
-0.03171718120574951,
0.024160193279385567,
0.021120745688676834,
-0.015494512394070625,
-0.04784947633743286,
-0.0729108527302742,
-0.062385864555835724,
0.01785067655146122,
-0.009208275936543941,
-0.25138840079307556,
-0.04708166420459747,
0.01158500462770462,
-0.03210905194282532,
-0.016117773950099945,
0.044282421469688416,
0.016553517431020737,
-0.004348114598542452,
-0.0013086323160678148,
0.06059041619300842,
-0.030123338103294373,
0.028601154685020447,
0.06191632151603699,
0.023357190191745758,
0.01178174838423729,
0.018170811235904694,
0.026381749659776688,
-0.06524796783924103,
-0.014181898906826973,
-0.026405593380331993,
-0.0026332123670727015,
-0.061667922884225845,
0.14645826816558838,
-0.007163929287344217,
0.012746533378958702,
0.03767692297697067,
-0.006943290587514639,
-0.006157873198390007,
-0.048256468027830124,
0.02410799078643322,
0.03599735349416733,
0.05829290673136711,
0.08087997883558273,
0.029980704188346863,
0.03067467361688614,
0.019951138645410538,
0.0011321310885250568,
-0.03747789189219475,
-0.025954222306609154,
-0.004017672035843134,
0.006414075847715139,
-0.0010546153644099832,
-0.07094866782426834,
-0.06651104241609573,
0.0637766495347023,
-0.04133259132504463,
-0.03832468017935753,
-0.012195294722914696,
0.025662457570433617,
-0.0438956618309021,
-0.01599866896867752,
-0.04882734641432762,
0.025124404579401016,
0.025768401101231575,
0.023174937814474106,
-0.024928251281380653,
0.038142137229442596,
-0.03956664353609085,
-0.04905608296394348,
0.016286535188555717,
0.0735144168138504,
-0.013473616912961006,
-0.04253743588924408,
0.07917258143424988,
0.029832929372787476
] |
PMID:19558
|
Influence of solute and hydrogen ion concentration on the water relations of some xerophilic fungi.
|
Germination and growth of six xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium chevalieri, Chrysosphorium fastidium, Wallemia sebi and Xeromyces bisporus were examined on media of a wide range of water activities (aw). The influence of three solutes, NaCl, glycerol and a glucose/fructose mixture, was studied at pH 4-0 and pH 6-5 using a plate-slide technique. Germination times and growth rates were affected by solute type, but the influence of pH was less marked. Except for Wallemia sebi, the fungi grew most strongly on glucose/fructose and were partially or completely inhibited by NaCl. The results showed that a universal isolation medium for xerophilic fungi could be based on glycerol or glucose/fructose but not on NaCl as aw-limiting solute.
|
Influence of solute and hydrogen ion concentration on the water relations of some xerophilic fungi. Germination and growth of six xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium chevalieri, Chrysosphorium fastidium, Wallemia sebi and Xeromyces bisporus were examined on media of a wide range of water activities (aw). The influence of three solutes, NaCl, glycerol and a glucose/fructose mixture, was studied at pH 4-0 and pH 6-5 using a plate-slide technique. Germination times and growth rates were affected by solute type, but the influence of pH was less marked. Except for Wallemia sebi, the fungi grew most strongly on glucose/fructose and were partially or completely inhibited by NaCl. The results showed that a universal isolation medium for xerophilic fungi could be based on glycerol or glucose/fructose but not on NaCl as aw-limiting solute.
|
[
0.007399006746709347,
0.0018537472933530807,
0.024766771122813225,
0.02978953905403614,
0.049161527305841446,
-0.05154062807559967,
-0.03665240854024887,
0.017014553770422935,
-0.009990823455154896,
0.012268392369151115,
-0.03877878561615944,
-0.057783953845500946,
0.019644763320684433,
-0.017568469047546387,
-0.03107353113591671,
-0.04774170741438866,
0.023168101906776428,
0.00253675552085042,
-0.09016095846891403,
0.013841971755027771,
0.035119734704494476,
-0.017526429146528244,
0.014142166823148727,
-0.09199770539999008,
0.01332515012472868,
0.034863006323575974,
-0.01801183819770813,
0.0034877744037657976,
-0.040129322558641434,
-0.17916737496852875,
-0.04169945791363716,
0.04993017390370369,
0.063290536403656,
-0.031563326716423035,
-0.026550212875008583,
0.04275725409388542,
-0.050008635967969894,
-0.03517185151576996,
-0.044816333800554276,
0.04088041931390762,
0.00920654647052288,
0.047067899256944656,
-0.014297670684754848,
0.03793932870030403,
-0.037513211369514465,
-0.0681237205862999,
-0.007722071837633848,
0.02731727808713913,
0.0657731369137764,
-0.0017925362335518003,
-0.0013603589031845331,
0.008620352484285831,
0.009693507105112076,
-0.02066408284008503,
-0.023489199578762054,
-0.026447856798768044,
0.017283467575907707,
0.02003931812942028,
-0.0347689650952816,
-0.032389163970947266,
-0.012712467461824417,
-0.0007196341175585985,
-0.11336129158735275,
0.053117673844099045,
0.0568087175488472,
0.020408889278769493,
-0.04772767797112465,
-0.015857534483075142,
0.04450709745287895,
0.013358037918806076,
-0.03702332079410553,
0.06927375495433807,
0.030743787065148354,
0.05168277770280838,
0.07289882749319077,
-0.017547987401485443,
-0.03324747458100319,
-0.03735126182436943,
-0.018980329856276512,
0.014804588630795479,
-0.002025563269853592,
0.014239215292036533,
-0.08278927952051163,
0.010534369386732578,
0.0028794403187930584,
0.030575452372431755,
0.021537933498620987,
-0.04128995165228844,
-0.02249046042561531,
0.027558544650673866,
-0.005703624803572893,
-0.04857194051146507,
-0.03188008442521095,
0.015237662009894848,
-0.06960727274417877,
0.017409171909093857,
-0.04909498617053032,
-0.06393030285835266,
-0.015128458850085735,
0.38908037543296814,
-0.006089990958571434,
0.027227818965911865,
0.012298650108277798,
-0.003444621805101633,
-0.0038108881562948227,
-0.006992348004132509,
-0.017422255128622055,
-0.033377740532159805,
0.034622255712747574,
0.011277751065790653,
0.08724880963563919,
-0.05972084030508995,
0.05323280394077301,
-0.020781688392162323,
-0.018897483125329018,
0.0022073646541684866,
0.03434378653764725,
-0.004814379848539829,
-0.06094461306929588,
-0.01467009074985981,
-0.011844095773994923,
-0.0007674539810977876,
0.0689011663198471,
0.03218019753694534,
0.04057938978075981,
0.0166658665984869,
-0.062400832772254944,
0.058313339948654175,
-0.0187618900090456,
0.03155640885233879,
0.030123421922326088,
-0.01309958379715681,
0.009710840880870819,
-0.04237804189324379,
0.014851056039333344,
-0.0009292656322941184,
0.03613676875829697,
-0.04839448258280754,
0.03616167604923248,
0.019712653011083603,
-0.043626654893159866,
-0.06251759827136993,
-0.01922778971493244,
-0.09942080825567245,
0.005336109083145857,
0.058944594115018845,
0.04666867479681969,
0.027925975620746613,
-0.04244259372353554,
0.013291683048009872,
0.0012531980173662305,
0.03774861991405487,
-0.0007220840780064464,
-0.018880339339375496,
0.019191650673747063,
-0.004831596743315458,
-0.025774050503969193,
0.007508682087063789,
-0.04638371244072914,
-0.026232801377773285,
-0.08294282853603363,
-0.03807194530963898,
0.02391991578042507,
0.12063708156347275,
0.03961740806698799,
-0.007625645492225885,
-0.0008604983449913561,
-0.008301093243062496,
-0.018487567082047462,
-0.03512916341423988,
0.014611962251365185,
-0.013103541918098927,
0.041942939162254333,
-0.038401249796152115,
0.0025898765306919813,
-0.02164449729025364,
0.03847288340330124,
0.0026076219510287046,
0.01267276331782341,
-0.006502294447273016,
0.03657941147685051,
0.06581034511327744,
0.007461526431143284,
0.032373398542404175,
0.05946362018585205,
-0.033753007650375366,
-0.004422656260430813,
0.02039075456559658,
-0.024991119280457497,
0.02995697595179081,
-0.07956494390964508,
-0.031350135803222656,
-0.03764815628528595,
0.01994367130100727,
0.020092474296689034,
0.006025094073265791,
0.01241654809564352,
0.02325785905122757,
0.029272936284542084,
0.030316200107336044,
0.01614956185221672,
0.028447099030017853,
-0.0181397944688797,
-0.005319556687027216,
0.03682885318994522,
0.06636147946119308,
0.026798903942108154,
0.039892878383398056,
-0.007406506221741438,
-0.02196861244738102,
-0.06534358114004135,
-0.0058556850999593735,
-0.08197368681430817,
-0.010959360748529434,
-0.024622639641165733,
0.03810707852244377,
0.06680415570735931,
-0.022636201232671738,
0.02418401837348938,
0.03468158096075058,
0.07534284144639969,
-0.10588350147008896,
-0.04323826730251312,
-0.3258242607116699,
-0.024646295234560966,
-0.01392465177923441,
-0.026916731148958206,
0.06681256741285324,
-0.07664798945188522,
0.021995173767209053,
-0.062149785459041595,
-0.018811460584402084,
-0.001237036194652319,
0.10325291752815247,
0.008374929428100586,
-0.01232367567718029,
-0.00005258004603092559,
0.006249468773603439,
-0.024473458528518677,
0.08170218765735626,
-0.04797253757715225,
0.06905996799468994,
0.02821984887123108,
0.04789870232343674,
-0.03344414383172989,
0.08467642217874527,
-0.00906222965568304,
0.01130977738648653,
-0.058898039162158966,
0.07094600051641464,
0.04253574460744858,
0.004297388251870871,
-0.06314686685800552,
0.007215249817818403,
0.022045858204364777,
0.043477289378643036,
-0.07226921617984772,
-0.027291251346468925,
-0.03300067037343979,
0.031770966947078705,
-0.031170519068837166,
-0.006570698693394661,
-0.03332182392477989,
-0.01705821044743061,
0.016879726201295853,
0.003882070304825902,
-0.0018396376399323344,
0.057848960161209106,
-0.01681383140385151,
0.03328273072838783,
0.07749123126268387,
-0.006969671696424484,
-0.0037275338545441628,
0.02860918641090393,
0.021858973428606987,
0.051688142120838165,
-0.001538132899440825,
0.009739553555846214,
-0.0028746663592755795,
-0.03067188709974289,
-0.032107576727867126,
-0.06939573585987091,
-0.00009089813829632476,
0.0018301112577319145,
0.00551956333220005,
0.006057575345039368,
0.026171572506427765,
0.040583159774541855,
0.03290223330259323,
-0.031756430864334106,
0.010580966249108315,
0.05657947435975075,
0.03163943439722061,
-0.02515082247555256,
0.07709924876689911,
0.024548782035708427,
-0.004220951814204454,
0.011735658161342144,
0.06313588470220566,
-0.012992148287594318,
-0.039341364055871964,
-0.032798465341329575,
-0.02735111676156521,
0.011537618935108185,
-0.022351427003741264,
0.05579068511724472,
-0.037241075187921524,
0.02778984233736992,
0.03734549880027771,
-0.010822180658578873,
-0.028430402278900146,
0.009398887865245342,
-0.014348206110298634,
-0.010561217553913593,
-0.019177552312612534,
-0.02152256853878498,
-0.011816924437880516,
0.05240551382303238,
-0.005699629429727793,
-0.2995993196964264,
0.00435487600043416,
0.04409986734390259,
0.008711391128599644,
-0.017226364463567734,
0.021690329536795616,
0.06085220351815224,
-0.06269769370555878,
0.009849811904132366,
-0.02141927182674408,
0.02516353316605091,
-0.02337028644979,
0.03640333190560341,
0.03501248359680176,
0.03192592039704323,
0.012263954617083073,
-0.0013480510096997023,
-0.08463919907808304,
-0.012708306312561035,
-0.040632765740156174,
0.023451266810297966,
-0.03409906104207039,
0.16824527084827423,
0.017323937267065048,
-0.02186637744307518,
0.04151114076375961,
0.01573093794286251,
0.06415407359600067,
-0.02196928672492504,
0.05466754361987114,
0.03953003138303757,
0.06028224527835846,
0.0997571125626564,
0.02056271769106388,
0.0384368933737278,
0.07160800695419312,
0.03006274811923504,
0.0050477827899158,
0.016173308715224266,
-0.015072567388415337,
0.00681000342592597,
-0.1009630337357521,
-0.11757335811853409,
-0.04146825149655342,
0.019841264933347702,
-0.0829756036400795,
0.009489326737821102,
-0.02795429900288582,
0.001569825573824346,
0.025137504562735558,
-0.05315636843442917,
-0.03667747601866722,
0.05765228718519211,
0.04473413527011871,
-0.02402268536388874,
-0.023953605443239212,
-0.05034209415316582,
-0.03449706733226776,
-0.05073342099785805,
-0.004544236697256565,
0.05632869154214859,
0.03564309701323509,
-0.040238652378320694,
0.028685523197054863,
0.02178097702562809
] |
PMID:19567
|
Effect of dietary threonine supplementation on tyrosine toxicity in the rat.
|
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of threonine supplementation on tyrosine metabolism in rats fed a low protein diet with excess tyrosine. The growth retardation and the development of eye and paw lesions that occur in rats ingesting a basal plus 3% or 5% L-tyrosine diet could be alleviated partially by the addition of 0.5% or 1.0% L-threonine to the diet. An increased blood tyrosine level in rats fed excess tyrosine was also lowered by threonine supplementation. In tyrotoxic conditions, the activities of liver tyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5) and threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.9.16) were elevated, but p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid oxidase (EC 1.13.11.27) which is also intimately associated with tyrosine toxicity was found to be inactivated. Furthermore, biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in liver was significantly lowered in this condition. However, addition of L-threonine in the diet, not only could cure the signs developed due to excess tyrosine, but also could affect the levels of enzymes studied.
|
Effect of dietary threonine supplementation on tyrosine toxicity in the rat. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of threonine supplementation on tyrosine metabolism in rats fed a low protein diet with excess tyrosine. The growth retardation and the development of eye and paw lesions that occur in rats ingesting a basal plus 3% or 5% L-tyrosine diet could be alleviated partially by the addition of 0.5% or 1.0% L-threonine to the diet. An increased blood tyrosine level in rats fed excess tyrosine was also lowered by threonine supplementation. In tyrotoxic conditions, the activities of liver tyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5) and threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.9.16) were elevated, but p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid oxidase (EC 1.13.11.27) which is also intimately associated with tyrosine toxicity was found to be inactivated. Furthermore, biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in liver was significantly lowered in this condition. However, addition of L-threonine in the diet, not only could cure the signs developed due to excess tyrosine, but also could affect the levels of enzymes studied.
|
[
-0.05868875980377197,
0.010351210832595825,
-0.0555865541100502,
0.05613816902041435,
-0.005359115079045296,
-0.009805387817323208,
0.04245564714074135,
0.05346113070845604,
-0.049105241894721985,
-0.006890167947858572,
0.04893016070127487,
-0.0687231495976448,
0.015340087935328484,
0.04460086673498154,
-0.007449604105204344,
-0.03255048766732216,
0.03673842176795006,
-0.008381312713027,
-0.06161313131451607,
-0.07389521598815918,
-0.05975259467959404,
-0.0008301639463752508,
0.05817492678761482,
-0.030672939494252205,
0.056576721370220184,
0.0017638627905398607,
-0.010685766115784645,
0.025344019755721092,
-0.02630632370710373,
-0.17721739411354065,
0.023669343441724777,
-0.007472851779311895,
-0.0006852651131339371,
-0.04899720847606659,
-0.012253138236701488,
0.07243042439222336,
-0.014323952607810497,
-0.027402188628911972,
0.03533419221639633,
0.03771179914474487,
0.06589413434267044,
0.06579798460006714,
0.01583680510520935,
-0.00042845835560001433,
-0.0006558989989571273,
0.03551948443055153,
-0.05684235692024231,
-0.0686415508389473,
0.07633364200592041,
-0.0014229760272428393,
-0.005659854039549828,
-0.003684595925733447,
0.05783627927303314,
0.07030569016933441,
0.000932773167733103,
0.016112476587295532,
0.034691836684942245,
0.06934530287981033,
0.0205476563423872,
0.07292219996452332,
0.03861335292458534,
-0.025578945875167847,
-0.12975770235061646,
0.04787015542387962,
0.040991317480802536,
0.028020601719617844,
-0.05873182415962219,
0.004554359707981348,
0.02987329103052616,
0.028260888531804085,
-0.08833644539117813,
0.048938218504190445,
0.03574613109230995,
-0.0013962391531094909,
0.01790733076632023,
-0.01731228455901146,
-0.05988479405641556,
-0.04128868505358696,
0.03681137040257454,
0.03526909649372101,
0.018638955429196358,
-0.01760001853108406,
0.025418555364012718,
-0.031692150980234146,
-0.005325064063072205,
-0.056763485074043274,
-0.05784379318356514,
-0.010746669955551624,
0.029878174886107445,
-0.006875496357679367,
0.0464087650179863,
-0.053359970450401306,
0.026280635967850685,
0.008905773982405663,
-0.05821068957448006,
-0.009087463840842247,
0.03940463066101074,
-0.04973824322223663,
-0.022830188274383545,
0.3243871331214905,
0.004009674768894911,
0.013582590967416763,
-0.06366674602031708,
0.018180856481194496,
-0.04353979229927063,
-0.011891603469848633,
0.0008665748755447567,
0.05424448475241661,
0.02244790643453598,
0.02516419067978859,
0.08214754611253738,
0.024897754192352295,
-0.034071169793605804,
-0.026094423606991768,
-0.1107378900051117,
0.053758908063173294,
0.061317868530750275,
0.028501277789473534,
-0.038938600569963455,
0.06110808253288269,
-0.014345511794090271,
-0.0010428804671391845,
-0.001361014205031097,
0.0046142227947711945,
0.019688962027430534,
0.013627484440803528,
0.0013913811417296529,
0.07299195230007172,
0.04768246412277222,
0.040976595133543015,
0.05883114039897919,
0.010439423844218254,
0.025598254054784775,
0.014074898324906826,
0.06557919830083847,
-0.032070331275463104,
0.010213262401521206,
-0.09094573557376862,
0.03358662128448486,
0.03942954167723656,
-0.038555603474378586,
-0.061624616384506226,
-0.03254767134785652,
-0.07688522338867188,
-0.04947611317038536,
0.11379308998584747,
0.050850287079811096,
-0.004890614654868841,
-0.01822328194975853,
-0.08688610792160034,
0.02907094918191433,
0.040093205869197845,
0.0030056529212743044,
0.014148752205073833,
-0.0031681866385042667,
0.013478698208928108,
-0.015213909558951855,
-0.05193280056118965,
0.009376682341098785,
0.0162839125841856,
-0.032134972512722015,
-0.07032427191734314,
-0.0832730084657669,
0.02028251811861992,
0.004171305801719427,
0.01652396284043789,
-0.0705001950263977,
0.04426015168428421,
-0.02404710464179516,
-0.008666368201375008,
0.050082676112651825,
-0.0032438801135867834,
-0.0020442630629986525,
-0.045578230172395706,
-0.00026143479044549167,
0.010515058413147926,
0.012097055092453957,
0.004360205493867397,
0.02078150399029255,
-0.0008605304756201804,
0.09527821093797684,
-0.04940393939614296,
-0.03212866932153702,
0.02960267663002014,
-0.0028021468315273523,
0.031869322061538696,
-0.025445520877838135,
0.043958600610494614,
0.018920429050922394,
0.01862541399896145,
-0.013387071900069714,
-0.012506645172834396,
-0.06831382215023041,
-0.0929264947772026,
-0.020713984966278076,
0.010295284911990166,
-0.06552498042583466,
0.06546349823474884,
0.04965458810329437,
-0.0020257842261344194,
0.06752833724021912,
-0.024366557598114014,
0.027099352329969406,
0.05457637459039688,
0.012004288844764233,
0.0372246690094471,
-0.031188279390335083,
-0.023586945608258247,
0.046970780938863754,
-0.03650764375925064,
-0.07666248083114624,
0.032960936427116394,
-0.0034798886626958847,
0.04087445139884949,
-0.023163767531514168,
0.05555744469165802,
0.06507023423910141,
0.02769055776298046,
0.06078638136386871,
0.009221901185810566,
0.0887012928724289,
-0.10039477050304413,
-0.0184494461864233,
-0.31987619400024414,
-0.04383743554353714,
0.025143418461084366,
-0.03104594349861145,
-0.022970719262957573,
-0.052149273455142975,
-0.020011644810438156,
-0.00426880270242691,
0.008622824214398861,
0.013848414644598961,
0.035597898066043854,
0.0659111887216568,
-0.01544403750449419,
-0.07095858454704285,
0.03186926990747452,
0.024349600076675415,
0.016503162682056427,
-0.04908272624015808,
0.07589197903871536,
0.01636817306280136,
-0.001744168228469789,
-0.01201088260859251,
-0.004518441390246153,
-0.014766164124011993,
0.040609411895275116,
-0.024277176707983017,
0.06440899521112442,
-0.006656790152192116,
-0.04917839542031288,
-0.053619761019945145,
-0.0038102997932583094,
0.0516192726790905,
-0.034174542874097824,
-0.09532957524061203,
0.004264070652425289,
-0.011407132260501385,
-0.0173750389367342,
-0.02402917668223381,
-0.040765952318906784,
-0.059360526502132416,
-0.08592811226844788,
-0.006984225008636713,
-0.04243198037147522,
-0.05496295168995857,
-0.08895445615053177,
0.0022781025618314743,
0.03397366404533386,
-0.0018580303294584155,
0.015599633567035198,
0.009464466013014317,
0.05660747364163399,
-0.02543453685939312,
-0.007246166467666626,
0.07446641474962234,
-0.022287864238023758,
-0.029278261587023735,
-0.08029478043317795,
-0.01092386245727539,
-0.005189339630305767,
-0.012153781950473785,
-0.039575960487127304,
0.0521647147834301,
-0.009784864261746407,
-0.047315239906311035,
0.043891437351703644,
-0.012165464460849762,
0.03464997187256813,
-0.02199811115860939,
0.03176964074373245,
0.03595801815390587,
0.04355213791131973,
0.08470234274864197,
-0.029842985793948174,
0.008743217214941978,
0.023223869502544403,
0.013813112862408161,
-0.024797456339001656,
-0.06549648940563202,
-0.044138651341199875,
0.034045662730932236,
-0.003559219418093562,
-0.05021747946739197,
0.034525658935308456,
0.029601383954286575,
-0.013184580951929092,
-0.025858890265226364,
0.01193402148783207,
-0.04516219720244408,
0.04427744820713997,
0.030730292201042175,
0.018832392990589142,
-0.02302480675280094,
-0.02110913395881653,
0.015847498551011086,
0.06814515590667725,
0.06489452719688416,
-0.24836468696594238,
-0.018637899309396744,
0.008206603117287159,
-0.003329160390421748,
0.015857569873332977,
0.007512505631893873,
-0.016117775812745094,
-0.0009676564368419349,
-0.04292382672429085,
0.02197783999145031,
0.04370465129613876,
0.016569016501307487,
0.09848776459693909,
0.02539300173521042,
-0.030161656439304352,
-0.03703828528523445,
0.02847125194966793,
0.03849050775170326,
0.024307914078235626,
-0.044108808040618896,
0.02900541014969349,
-0.06637653708457947,
0.13270363211631775,
0.012673321180045605,
-0.04981550946831703,
0.044995006173849106,
-0.04011581838130951,
0.017952721565961838,
0.0005599442520178854,
0.051612161099910736,
-0.0353778600692749,
0.03969937190413475,
0.10365979373455048,
0.024666311219334602,
0.041550129652023315,
0.05351448059082031,
-0.042448174208402634,
-0.026713095605373383,
-0.0369754321873188,
0.005358388181775808,
-0.010606203228235245,
0.0028407073114067316,
-0.07364673912525177,
-0.008520021103322506,
0.059501711279153824,
-0.025452759116888046,
-0.04794764146208763,
-0.06813149154186249,
0.010145632550120354,
0.02801487036049366,
0.004860927816480398,
-0.07256346195936203,
-0.03331610560417175,
0.05998685210943222,
0.003636167151853442,
-0.041782259941101074,
-0.028124526143074036,
0.026101434603333473,
0.02961290255188942,
-0.002544625662267208,
0.011083615012466908,
-0.023258455097675323,
-0.06019771471619606,
0.09182602912187576,
0.03944680094718933
] |
PMID:19568
|
Decreased opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease: studies on selected complement components and immunoglobulins.
|
Opsonic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sera of patients with sickle cell disease was reduced in comparison to the opsonic activity of sera from age-matched normal children. No difference in opsonic activity for Escherichi coli was observed in the sera from patients or normals. Total hemolytic complement, conversion of C3 by inulin and cobra venom factor, and levels of C3, factor B, properdin, C3b inactivator, and immunoglobulins G, A, and M were normal in patients' sera. The opsonic abnormality for S. pneumoniae was attributed to a deficiency of serum proteins rather than to an inhibitor of opsonic function. The data suggest that decreased opsonization was not associated with a deficiency of those complement components or immunoglobulins measured in this study.
|
Decreased opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease: studies on selected complement components and immunoglobulins. Opsonic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sera of patients with sickle cell disease was reduced in comparison to the opsonic activity of sera from age-matched normal children. No difference in opsonic activity for Escherichi coli was observed in the sera from patients or normals. Total hemolytic complement, conversion of C3 by inulin and cobra venom factor, and levels of C3, factor B, properdin, C3b inactivator, and immunoglobulins G, A, and M were normal in patients' sera. The opsonic abnormality for S. pneumoniae was attributed to a deficiency of serum proteins rather than to an inhibitor of opsonic function. The data suggest that decreased opsonization was not associated with a deficiency of those complement components or immunoglobulins measured in this study.
|
[
-0.06572330743074417,
0.004162733443081379,
-0.0179344043135643,
-0.03450203314423561,
0.04552135616540909,
-0.013160345144569874,
0.062406428158283234,
0.054025162011384964,
-0.035539474338293076,
0.028890099376440048,
0.006686784327030182,
-0.06695858389139175,
0.012706299312412739,
0.014078340493142605,
-0.05404811352491379,
-0.06211833283305168,
0.0030798304360359907,
0.022435154765844345,
-0.11232184618711472,
0.04232490435242653,
-0.08724432438611984,
-0.0063140057027339935,
0.012830110266804695,
-0.056023191660642624,
0.1033756360411644,
0.021939648315310478,
0.0019094502786174417,
-0.028189869597554207,
-0.013695959001779556,
-0.1968403458595276,
0.0122070899233222,
-0.04997776821255684,
0.007918905466794968,
0.004555550403892994,
0.009647186845541,
0.0250448789447546,
-0.0012970151146873832,
0.007279068231582642,
-0.01722916215658188,
0.03587229549884796,
0.031502995640039444,
0.01747216284275055,
0.010899636894464493,
0.01963735558092594,
-0.049401432275772095,
-0.02186262048780918,
-0.03987189382314682,
0.03204654902219772,
0.08463260531425476,
0.07475916296243668,
-0.002597676357254386,
0.0020768623799085617,
-0.01846916601061821,
0.07040644437074661,
0.0036542785819619894,
-0.03815321624279022,
-0.05887932702898979,
0.021255075931549072,
-0.011129151098430157,
0.00502464035525918,
-0.031166084110736847,
0.02338174171745777,
-0.0952487364411354,
0.06207713112235069,
0.06399090588092804,
-0.015772609040141106,
0.030624113976955414,
-0.10783618688583374,
0.0521056205034256,
0.007856548763811588,
-0.040543995797634125,
0.03298758715391159,
-0.021095462143421173,
0.07821830362081528,
0.00740368478000164,
0.012651772238314152,
-0.010655742138624191,
-0.013920621015131474,
0.05606348440051079,
0.04066358506679535,
-0.010746958665549755,
-0.017600638791918755,
0.028162186965346336,
0.04093562811613083,
0.021706469357013702,
0.0013575665652751923,
0.02052110992372036,
-0.08383233100175858,
-0.008923057466745377,
0.00802104827016592,
-0.00844572577625513,
-0.0031856736168265343,
-0.03647994250059128,
0.047636523842811584,
-0.09001171588897705,
0.014151440002024174,
0.00184453628025949,
0.014520582742989063,
-0.03891864791512489,
0.402067631483078,
-0.012173200026154518,
-0.032084379345178604,
-0.04433317109942436,
0.003095025895163417,
0.060426536947488785,
0.023150453343987465,
-0.004209989216178656,
-0.03800230473279953,
-0.0252072736620903,
0.03202482685446739,
0.053143564611673355,
0.023926613852381706,
0.02170662395656109,
-0.04250127822160721,
0.025794940069317818,
0.025054162368178368,
0.02703232318162918,
0.0360843800008297,
-0.044138021767139435,
0.05221962183713913,
0.03211122378706932,
-0.06146632507443428,
0.0058571952395141125,
-0.020937517285346985,
0.03604947775602341,
0.01965082809329033,
0.020322930067777634,
0.09030270576477051,
0.03229096531867981,
0.013288664631545544,
0.022931145504117012,
0.0002765702083706856,
-0.001321985386312008,
0.015940487384796143,
0.02510189078748226,
-0.0008868547156453133,
-0.05104286968708038,
-0.029396336525678635,
0.07683181017637253,
-0.02063216269016266,
0.005745208356529474,
-0.037846531718969345,
-0.020676974207162857,
-0.07725566625595093,
-0.010693817399442196,
0.07976416498422623,
-0.03895951434969902,
-0.006994718685746193,
-0.008344076573848724,
-0.030341235920786858,
-0.005471564829349518,
0.08771396428346634,
0.02443118393421173,
0.044375982135534286,
-0.010274232365190983,
0.021890325471758842,
-0.0010623125126585364,
-0.0018341901013627648,
-0.009838804602622986,
-0.033097729086875916,
-0.07513342797756195,
-0.06814660876989365,
0.014588185586035252,
0.08179446309804916,
-0.017701182514429092,
-0.018673373386263847,
-0.014991902746260166,
0.005608460400253534,
-0.020316090434789658,
-0.01789207197725773,
0.03649476543068886,
0.048909202218055725,
-0.002524890471249819,
-0.04986615106463432,
0.04190286621451378,
0.049466852098703384,
-0.02085874415934086,
0.01829545758664608,
0.021697597578167915,
0.03633177652955055,
-0.03160746768116951,
0.028310533612966537,
0.02036721631884575,
-0.013996687717735767,
-0.0029782226774841547,
0.004725929815322161,
-0.03237767145037651,
0.01827843114733696,
0.05037869140505791,
0.032546527683734894,
-0.008417006582021713,
-0.016674423590302467,
-0.05740673094987869,
-0.01635371334850788,
0.013607802800834179,
-0.011783357709646225,
-0.0070165833458304405,
-0.057994093745946884,
0.04746861755847931,
-0.027218613773584366,
0.12343178689479828,
0.020243577659130096,
0.03439946845173836,
-0.05436111241579056,
-0.011871995404362679,
-0.023313118144869804,
0.03401250019669533,
-0.055723417550325394,
0.03176213428378105,
-0.01838693954050541,
-0.03766092658042908,
0.0019355501281097531,
-0.06314755976200104,
0.023299118503928185,
-0.02600329928100109,
0.028464119881391525,
-0.016546467319130898,
-0.005630007945001125,
0.026439843699336052,
-0.0048326607793569565,
-0.002313307486474514,
0.0034280770923942327,
-0.00724240206182003,
-0.3247976005077362,
-0.002076835837215185,
0.06374222785234451,
-0.07243756204843521,
0.02838282100856304,
0.0045403712429106236,
-0.04172137752175331,
-0.0013383353361859918,
0.007099499925971031,
-0.058612946420907974,
0.04535116255283356,
0.07315031439065933,
-0.04083246737718582,
-0.09119795262813568,
0.03228776529431343,
0.04458009824156761,
0.013745354488492012,
-0.08574890345335007,
-0.007264312356710434,
-0.012237117625772953,
0.07329437136650085,
-0.011101451702415943,
0.02303212136030197,
0.0638519898056984,
0.03826862573623657,
0.010807869955897331,
0.09785766154527664,
-0.005260044708848,
0.04709576070308685,
0.0023292028345167637,
-0.016048163175582886,
0.08268813788890839,
0.007702940609306097,
-0.009386097081005573,
-0.030449584126472473,
0.0019975146278738976,
-0.013592326082289219,
-0.04015033692121506,
0.0006488888175226748,
0.020712731406092644,
-0.057715076953172684,
0.02851986140012741,
0.013381056487560272,
-0.05709078535437584,
-0.004253325518220663,
0.00635182810947299,
0.047335002571344376,
0.00043851041118614376,
0.011516949161887169,
0.014533859677612782,
-0.010601154528558254,
-0.041132908314466476,
0.01684868149459362,
0.10343130677938461,
-0.017542246729135513,
0.0009060321608558297,
-0.038743145763874054,
-0.030932439491152763,
-0.12188877910375595,
-0.018014300614595413,
0.011491772718727589,
0.012053287588059902,
0.015475032851099968,
-0.018591850996017456,
-0.02632015012204647,
0.006984824780374765,
0.05674752965569496,
-0.07094157487154007,
0.06195970997214317,
0.006329620257019997,
-0.0376896895468235,
0.08085953444242477,
-0.04817839339375496,
-0.00106430531013757,
0.00887941475957632,
0.021322445943951607,
-0.04031183943152428,
-0.06715278327465057,
-0.011625280603766441,
-0.01568370684981346,
0.04355154186487198,
-0.03899652138352394,
0.03836880251765251,
0.03140479698777199,
-0.0025126102846115828,
-0.008677754551172256,
-0.024088364094495773,
-0.0258032213896513,
-0.023551374673843384,
-0.020250065252184868,
0.028472900390625,
-0.04191352799534798,
0.02859949693083763,
-0.024211937561631203,
-0.002600109903141856,
0.013898378238081932,
-0.28354695439338684,
0.02687028981745243,
0.03364507481455803,
0.006276667583733797,
-0.01400561723858118,
0.039248645305633545,
0.01619047112762928,
-0.06140919029712677,
-0.022100718691945076,
0.03245921805500984,
0.047482963651418686,
-0.014601406641304493,
0.013388055376708508,
-0.031062446534633636,
-0.05302385985851288,
0.03034331649541855,
0.014756590127944946,
-0.008815876208245754,
0.03372368961572647,
0.000651861191727221,
0.021611690521240234,
0.03675302863121033,
0.1353471279144287,
0.045282572507858276,
-0.023474011570215225,
-0.023359060287475586,
0.016838518902659416,
0.04531056061387062,
-0.05796032026410103,
-0.018989818170666695,
0.08307258784770966,
-0.043966442346572876,
0.056612107902765274,
0.0702330470085144,
0.01731809787452221,
0.0014841624069958925,
0.003273989539593458,
-0.02603534236550331,
-0.02356213703751564,
0.034287698566913605,
-0.03053566813468933,
0.04085947945713997,
-0.027202008292078972,
-0.07818827033042908,
0.06130195036530495,
-0.04395374283194542,
-0.036895718425512314,
-0.03041962720453739,
0.04344429820775986,
0.0050880154594779015,
-0.05364808812737465,
-0.03931764140725136,
0.028563907369971275,
0.011946132406592369,
0.02078527957201004,
0.008681287989020348,
-0.05631357803940773,
0.019369401037693024,
0.01631748676300049,
0.023253586143255234,
0.004750626161694527,
-0.059655893594026566,
-0.06222100183367729,
0.0751933827996254,
-0.021544314920902252
] |
PMID:19569
|
Methylmalonic aciduria: a variant form of methylmalonyl coenzyme A apomutase deficiency.
|
Sisters aged 3 and 4 1/2 years, respectively, who had grown and developed normally were found to have methylmalonic aciduria. The elder had had only one previous illness, at 18 months, and was thriving at six years without treatment; she was excreting up to 2 gm methylmalonic acid per day. The younger sister died during her third episode of illness, at 3 years of age. Studies of cultured skin fibroblasts showed deficient methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase apoenzyme activity; cobalamin metabolism was normal. There was a moderate response in cultured cells to large amounts of added hydroxycobalamin; but treatment of the patient with high doses of intramuscular vitamin B12 for ten days failed to lower the urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid.
|
Methylmalonic aciduria: a variant form of methylmalonyl coenzyme A apomutase deficiency. Sisters aged 3 and 4 1/2 years, respectively, who had grown and developed normally were found to have methylmalonic aciduria. The elder had had only one previous illness, at 18 months, and was thriving at six years without treatment; she was excreting up to 2 gm methylmalonic acid per day. The younger sister died during her third episode of illness, at 3 years of age. Studies of cultured skin fibroblasts showed deficient methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase apoenzyme activity; cobalamin metabolism was normal. There was a moderate response in cultured cells to large amounts of added hydroxycobalamin; but treatment of the patient with high doses of intramuscular vitamin B12 for ten days failed to lower the urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid.
|
[
-0.045148685574531555,
0.002455608220770955,
0.011923415586352348,
0.060015611350536346,
-0.025145553052425385,
-0.011385714635252953,
0.023662500083446503,
0.014956708066165447,
-0.034801699221134186,
-0.01335238292813301,
0.05760961025953293,
-0.09349922835826874,
0.058498311787843704,
0.013445725664496422,
-0.001787294982932508,
0.04395036771893501,
0.0033354959450662136,
-0.030880730599164963,
-0.06257107108831406,
0.023847900331020355,
-0.013203149661421776,
-0.025846870616078377,
0.052205510437488556,
-0.02566104382276535,
0.057006753981113434,
-0.03065856173634529,
-0.018405459821224213,
0.004089151043444872,
-0.060131870210170746,
-0.1985325664281845,
0.059392672032117844,
0.061203569173812866,
-0.020172957330942154,
-0.06359422206878662,
-0.014772526919841766,
-0.01776287704706192,
-0.02536109648644924,
-0.011157872155308723,
-0.02687290869653225,
0.04553477093577385,
0.032614246010780334,
0.05908678472042084,
0.03860034421086311,
-0.02524373307824135,
-0.03535287454724312,
0.01574883796274662,
-0.018696734681725502,
0.02543891966342926,
0.1183919832110405,
0.010505445301532745,
-0.056790128350257874,
-0.030753662809729576,
0.08045031130313873,
0.07557076215744019,
-0.005355291534215212,
0.020689014345407486,
0.04535118117928505,
-0.059707194566726685,
-0.030320657417178154,
0.003751506796106696,
0.030055154114961624,
-0.036509037017822266,
-0.11403895169496536,
0.030465180054306984,
0.0719180628657341,
0.03224163502454758,
0.02765936776995659,
-0.10863956809043884,
0.0068085892125964165,
-0.015729961916804314,
-0.07214891165494919,
0.04871411249041557,
-0.013237742707133293,
0.035394780337810516,
0.05438913404941559,
-0.05989331379532814,
0.012366226874291897,
-0.007278671022504568,
0.025392262265086174,
0.006063444539904594,
-0.05959158018231392,
0.049756474792957306,
0.014060619287192822,
-0.01466462668031454,
0.059753283858299255,
-0.047473449259996414,
-0.01685006357729435,
-0.049135010689496994,
-0.03668275102972984,
-0.029882345348596573,
-0.04471254348754883,
-0.04185047000646591,
-0.02705112099647522,
-0.002724794438108802,
-0.08151136338710785,
0.02738342061638832,
0.007381726056337357,
-0.0062551856972277164,
-0.00790413934737444,
0.36902639269828796,
-0.011150234378874302,
0.014336680062115192,
-0.02488969825208187,
-0.035536911338567734,
-0.012860842049121857,
-0.006166472099721432,
0.003577029798179865,
0.059125203639268875,
0.05814029276371002,
-0.0033644388895481825,
0.024727676063776016,
0.0494532436132431,
0.0573473758995533,
-0.05562884733080864,
-0.07992611825466156,
-0.0009152950951829553,
0.028644675388932228,
-0.012302041053771973,
-0.028010185807943344,
0.11708046495914459,
0.0020395200699567795,
-0.019213465973734856,
0.023847060278058052,
-0.01181650161743164,
0.01700975000858307,
0.05965251103043556,
0.035435717552900314,
0.10476330667734146,
0.05804085358977318,
0.03414829075336456,
0.033266402781009674,
0.006765355356037617,
-0.02122296579182148,
0.020666828379034996,
-0.013208671472966671,
-0.01176940556615591,
-0.0052058813162148,
-0.06403987109661102,
0.059364087879657745,
-0.01238929107785225,
-0.03626847267150879,
-0.05988389998674393,
-0.06970550864934921,
-0.03314051404595375,
-0.04577005282044411,
0.07491788268089294,
0.018727239221334457,
0.024843508377671242,
0.04673800244927406,
0.04566182941198349,
0.04060974717140198,
0.07078341394662857,
-0.0034309180919080973,
0.006674025673419237,
-0.006314302794635296,
0.04219789430499077,
0.008574813604354858,
-0.02094651758670807,
0.05962834879755974,
-0.020450223237276077,
-0.001334157306700945,
-0.07876548916101456,
-0.06262024492025375,
0.07877440005540848,
-0.021266646683216095,
-0.028293171897530556,
-0.05809097737073898,
0.009418467991054058,
-0.02055320143699646,
-0.0202444177120924,
0.06941401213407516,
0.011430107988417149,
0.05359356477856636,
-0.016634153202176094,
-0.0027945737820118666,
-0.011646227911114693,
-0.010637971572577953,
0.05454806610941887,
-0.029063092544674873,
0.01904175616800785,
0.04461882263422012,
0.03474051505327225,
0.03344925493001938,
0.04051586613059044,
0.0319213904440403,
-0.008027583360671997,
-0.006567605305463076,
0.013055561110377312,
0.037408798933029175,
0.029933840036392212,
-0.05391347035765648,
-0.023458324372768402,
-0.1183195635676384,
-0.019933851435780525,
-0.011671178042888641,
-0.01841781847178936,
-0.021521423012018204,
0.013376021757721901,
0.012758047319948673,
-0.03255113586783409,
0.07402592152357101,
0.043177530169487,
0.042483992874622345,
0.03742333874106407,
-0.039165105670690536,
-0.01536394003778696,
0.0389779731631279,
-0.007345819845795631,
0.031323447823524475,
-0.01908952370285988,
-0.02106844075024128,
-0.0005026391590945423,
-0.05518025904893875,
-0.020894141867756844,
-0.04734522104263306,
0.07984480261802673,
-0.007680441718548536,
-0.019088322296738625,
0.06478627771139145,
0.05288642272353172,
0.05075681954622269,
-0.07026239484548569,
-0.04396270588040352,
-0.2818472385406494,
-0.006905792281031609,
0.04591526836156845,
-0.028507936745882034,
-0.024704182520508766,
-0.017196545377373695,
-0.006839481182396412,
-0.019426586106419563,
-0.010030610486865044,
-0.05847931280732155,
0.030023451894521713,
0.06510228663682938,
-0.025363437831401825,
-0.04788197949528694,
-0.03421088308095932,
0.030146678909659386,
0.03355999290943146,
-0.03730202093720436,
0.04491141438484192,
-0.008331517688930035,
0.03655209019780159,
-0.03081851452589035,
0.05702672898769379,
0.02117874287068844,
0.08184053748846054,
-0.013751717284321785,
0.10823094844818115,
-0.004976182710379362,
-0.011519653722643852,
-0.06699975579977036,
0.008985557593405247,
-0.009466479532420635,
-0.01310533657670021,
-0.044367771595716476,
-0.025069445371627808,
-0.09941224008798599,
-0.04814523085951805,
-0.06012141704559326,
-0.03507496416568756,
-0.02289571613073349,
-0.06948322802782059,
-0.004773481283336878,
0.002347727306187153,
-0.04602409899234772,
-0.06706392765045166,
0.039547502994537354,
0.011929208412766457,
-0.005695002153515816,
0.0012420326238498092,
-0.03672526776790619,
0.020137161016464233,
-0.004376022610813379,
-0.004355869721621275,
-0.023368773981928825,
-0.06089172512292862,
0.011236394755542278,
-0.06240760535001755,
-0.017293401062488556,
-0.08711109310388565,
-0.027152640745043755,
-0.0607624389231205,
0.0305437371134758,
0.0275376308709383,
-0.024356301873922348,
-0.022133633494377136,
-0.0039223842322826385,
0.04794330522418022,
-0.031951189041137695,
0.06567975133657455,
0.02508697099983692,
-0.013040115125477314,
0.09309880435466766,
-0.08028226345777512,
-0.06639190018177032,
0.046681761741638184,
0.04310176894068718,
-0.01536068320274353,
-0.07838855683803558,
-0.026081567630171776,
-0.010436082258820534,
-0.00034284123103134334,
-0.03742422163486481,
0.009303544647991657,
0.006140217650681734,
0.034728795289993286,
0.010649137198925018,
0.034659095108509064,
0.021612700074911118,
0.010567010380327702,
0.049660179764032364,
0.032194603234529495,
-0.029015688225626945,
0.02059219777584076,
0.027912165969610214,
-0.0011580446735024452,
0.015688609331846237,
-0.2557106614112854,
0.042892105877399445,
0.0004842648049816489,
0.03363918885588646,
0.007711497601121664,
-0.0007219750550575554,
0.011714433319866657,
0.009324484504759312,
-0.04182461276650429,
0.08566763252019882,
0.08475610613822937,
-0.026317395269870758,
0.10801082849502563,
0.043324366211891174,
0.023465530946850777,
0.003043063450604677,
-0.016256919130682945,
0.03507538139820099,
-0.002561742439866066,
-0.04657047986984253,
-0.007299766410142183,
-0.0357256643474102,
0.10166700184345245,
0.009707627817988396,
0.02119167521595955,
0.039628420025110245,
-0.03985515609383583,
0.06609326601028442,
-0.006854252424091101,
-0.009108546189963818,
0.022358287125825882,
0.044043879956007004,
0.06104179099202156,
0.006734294351190329,
0.06933795660734177,
-0.0006160893244668841,
-0.026571204885840416,
-0.04715685173869133,
-0.017415767535567284,
0.011031835339963436,
-0.03821791335940361,
-0.013629407621920109,
-0.05072404444217682,
-0.0061835055239498615,
0.09502644836902618,
-0.0584368072450161,
-0.06154048442840576,
-0.03855029121041298,
-0.008376658894121647,
-0.010098526254296303,
0.02282979153096676,
-0.01678108051419258,
0.01933435909450054,
-0.006748304236680269,
0.01793144829571247,
0.05423256382346153,
0.003839411772787571,
-0.009330526925623417,
0.010061817243695259,
-0.06234649196267128,
0.02972058393061161,
-0.0008472605259157717,
-0.024189868941903114,
0.0927993506193161,
-0.02443804405629635
] |
PMID:19571
|
Bilateral retractile testes--subsequent effects on fertility.
|
A group of 43 adults who as children had been diagnosed as having bilateral retractile testes were traced. Seventy-four per cent of the married patients had children. The testicular volume was normal in all the 19 patients examined.
|
Bilateral retractile testes--subsequent effects on fertility. A group of 43 adults who as children had been diagnosed as having bilateral retractile testes were traced. Seventy-four per cent of the married patients had children. The testicular volume was normal in all the 19 patients examined.
|
[
0.05010804161429405,
0.009315988048911095,
0.007906731218099594,
0.006342704873532057,
-0.044828083366155624,
0.06644566357135773,
0.01008505281060934,
0.03236882761120796,
-0.03599413484334946,
-0.03984394297003746,
0.030426936224102974,
-0.04682232439517975,
0.05992453917860985,
-0.013264579698443413,
-0.0004927453119307756,
0.025176120921969414,
0.010853396728634834,
-0.002786914585158229,
-0.06512413918972015,
0.06444858759641647,
0.03835858032107353,
0.03491850942373276,
0.03913836181163788,
-0.03590969741344452,
-0.004799048416316509,
-0.007769686635583639,
-0.023072879761457443,
-0.0183819979429245,
-0.05310700088739395,
-0.1513461023569107,
-0.0007657324313186109,
-0.031510017812252045,
-0.025158962234854698,
-0.01532775815576315,
0.003074318403378129,
-0.03933210298418999,
-0.033750616014003754,
0.03492259979248047,
0.009237954393029213,
0.04104165360331535,
0.0015684106620028615,
0.010519585572183132,
0.01752578467130661,
-0.04950306564569473,
-0.03927525877952576,
0.056392937898635864,
-0.0005948480684310198,
-0.007457712199538946,
0.10389681160449982,
0.05703191086649895,
0.04924045503139496,
-0.010235438123345375,
0.08441846817731857,
0.10360079258680344,
0.01144298817962408,
-0.008854311890900135,
0.016299312934279442,
0.00404598843306303,
0.005832173861563206,
0.06784049421548843,
-0.019359255209565163,
0.005113933701068163,
-0.08143096417188644,
0.04189039766788483,
0.08893626183271408,
0.04084383696317673,
0.0075423200614750385,
-0.07613351941108704,
0.031876906752586365,
0.028775304555892944,
0.0488598495721817,
0.049007389694452286,
-0.0027234998997300863,
0.03988127410411835,
0.017619267106056213,
-0.05199297145009041,
-0.04978730157017708,
-0.042049262672662735,
-0.013512074947357178,
-0.03489290550351143,
-0.031171299517154694,
-0.0033244409132748842,
0.04824528843164444,
-0.011138741858303547,
0.014894282445311546,
-0.034972548484802246,
0.004243945237249136,
-0.023351123556494713,
-0.01452949270606041,
0.006051389034837484,
0.030362863093614578,
-0.010551149956882,
-0.06959039717912674,
-0.005968097131699324,
-0.015828009694814682,
0.08737604320049286,
0.016966255381703377,
-0.023263586685061455,
-0.0005068235332146287,
0.37881386280059814,
-0.03870655223727226,
0.006811558734625578,
-0.009973910637199879,
0.04377438500523567,
-0.005554260686039925,
-0.02668731100857258,
-0.019266260787844658,
-0.04831601679325104,
-0.005107146222144365,
0.08092937618494034,
0.07252160459756851,
-0.017439724877476692,
0.08988223969936371,
0.001629662699997425,
-0.054616063833236694,
0.00477507384493947,
0.05522572621703148,
0.018878474831581116,
0.013655651360750198,
0.023752376437187195,
-0.040083061903715134,
0.05568409338593483,
0.016225503757596016,
-0.05289434641599655,
0.08049555122852325,
0.01869388110935688,
0.06363984942436218,
0.06050322204828262,
-0.0332508459687233,
0.007883143611252308,
0.05052509158849716,
0.034400664269924164,
-0.019116340205073357,
0.014855492860078812,
0.009629503823816776,
-0.03182541951537132,
-0.0051329126581549644,
-0.024841975420713425,
0.026146864518523216,
0.036198679357767105,
0.04118998721241951,
-0.06173470616340637,
0.007137088105082512,
-0.07430150359869003,
0.022264795377850533,
0.0954592227935791,
-0.0342242605984211,
0.028922805562615395,
-0.02199193462729454,
0.06691745668649673,
0.03802222013473511,
0.04647782817482948,
-0.06316444277763367,
-0.011303885839879513,
0.005282571539282799,
-0.012355088256299496,
-0.01640188880264759,
0.022488083690404892,
-0.012168249115347862,
-0.043854113668203354,
0.04774850979447365,
-0.026750583201646805,
-0.06310119479894638,
0.011812960729002953,
0.03393258899450302,
-0.064604252576828,
-0.03657783567905426,
0.027758676558732986,
-0.02248254418373108,
-0.03389783203601837,
0.01952718198299408,
0.016250280663371086,
-0.027965925633907318,
-0.015599386766552925,
-0.03536393120884895,
-0.029739219695329666,
-0.055520884692668915,
-0.019538937136530876,
0.0013636585790663958,
-0.00031312942155636847,
-0.012272844091057777,
0.010955072939395905,
0.03229768946766853,
0.016459351405501366,
-0.09505510330200195,
-0.033649977296590805,
-0.06280390918254852,
0.002515206579118967,
0.02440483123064041,
0.029975073412060738,
0.0439673475921154,
-0.032576967030763626,
-0.09725780785083771,
0.046641986817121506,
0.03656134381890297,
-0.011739306151866913,
-0.03136201947927475,
-0.04568782448768616,
-0.013413227163255215,
-0.04102307930588722,
0.07642802596092224,
-0.016613038256764412,
0.06943030655384064,
0.015148859471082687,
-0.004622370004653931,
0.05447133630514145,
0.0326804481446743,
-0.03439104184508324,
0.05401286482810974,
0.0449431873857975,
-0.01621435023844242,
-0.004673707764595747,
0.022216498851776123,
-0.037231095135211945,
-0.03953806310892105,
0.06297317892313004,
0.013916108757257462,
0.007973065599799156,
0.07359971106052399,
0.013139522634446621,
0.06448698043823242,
0.01078249141573906,
0.03894570842385292,
-0.3269135653972626,
-0.04713931307196617,
0.01920328289270401,
-0.04461946338415146,
0.07072948664426804,
-0.0541594922542572,
0.0061376579105854034,
0.02344229631125927,
0.026378083974123,
-0.07264847308397293,
-0.00011527233436936513,
0.08225171267986298,
-0.08104343712329865,
0.026275014504790306,
0.004839377012103796,
-0.01748734712600708,
-0.04512706771492958,
-0.02699878253042698,
-0.0325121134519577,
0.015076172538101673,
-0.04172345995903015,
0.016651472076773643,
-0.022155512124300003,
-0.007497830782085657,
0.07588641345500946,
-0.027028322219848633,
0.09932669252157211,
-0.018849553540349007,
-0.045694198459386826,
-0.036772895604372025,
0.03359488025307655,
0.031068548560142517,
0.048505377024412155,
-0.039196550846099854,
0.009440149180591106,
0.01149670034646988,
-0.046942371875047684,
-0.07498066127300262,
-0.05349838361144066,
-0.005029517691582441,
-0.11196858435869217,
-0.04780028387904167,
0.003240868216380477,
0.004901747684925795,
-0.06778781116008759,
-0.024624334648251534,
0.022411687299609184,
-0.0238263588398695,
0.034518759697675705,
0.03240443021059036,
-0.022596705704927444,
-0.05726185813546181,
-0.01793019101023674,
0.05239659920334816,
-0.043550025671720505,
-0.012381691485643387,
-0.07704205811023712,
-0.061363257467746735,
-0.05705595761537552,
-0.004570303484797478,
0.04806891083717346,
0.044454529881477356,
0.0263275895267725,
-0.09627891331911087,
0.015624456107616425,
-0.008739680983126163,
0.027003001421689987,
0.031243380159139633,
-0.01197481993585825,
0.024702202528715134,
0.0113204475492239,
0.10635410994291306,
-0.07126116007566452,
0.011187903583049774,
-0.021723156794905663,
0.034313712269067764,
0.004218422807753086,
-0.005580500233918428,
-0.015675272792577744,
-0.07469797879457474,
0.01132357120513916,
-0.062288157641887665,
-0.005977984052151442,
0.0162246972322464,
0.03835632652044296,
-0.037576861679553986,
-0.036363810300827026,
-0.04641111567616463,
0.003419644897803664,
-0.03985090181231499,
0.034228160977363586,
0.006341360043734312,
-0.07298971712589264,
0.024401329457759857,
-0.05297117307782173,
0.018997523933649063,
-0.24668633937835693,
-0.03875132277607918,
-0.04863595589995384,
0.06767325848340988,
0.008050129748880863,
0.11935362964868546,
0.033317092806100845,
-0.005892956629395485,
-0.009857318364083767,
0.017992407083511353,
0.058427922427654266,
-0.03835028409957886,
0.04517907276749611,
-0.0566900260746479,
-0.03912907838821411,
-0.010253018699586391,
0.040253568440675735,
-0.03944459557533264,
-0.0010109920985996723,
-0.028897171840071678,
0.051523357629776,
0.029668709263205528,
0.1402599960565567,
-0.005318921059370041,
0.007095448672771454,
-0.008447198197245598,
-0.0514240600168705,
0.06515221297740936,
0.006227126810699701,
-0.02510473132133484,
-0.04195819050073624,
0.002899725455790758,
-0.02099580131471157,
-0.00866026058793068,
0.020232684910297394,
0.01317011471837759,
-0.05545969679951668,
0.019795484840869904,
0.022043393924832344,
-0.006855087820440531,
0.024911992251873016,
-0.009995394386351109,
-0.017316868528723717,
-0.011619696393609047,
0.11347272247076035,
-0.016468729823827744,
0.047637294977903366,
-0.0533924363553524,
0.018679363653063774,
0.01626436412334442,
-0.002067172434180975,
-0.03692246973514557,
0.03157656267285347,
0.06953184306621552,
-0.007177541498094797,
0.00710794422775507,
0.005005222279578447,
-0.07853128761053085,
0.027776282280683517,
0.038285769522190094,
0.0036283733788877726,
-0.005496670957654715,
-0.026328302919864655,
0.0477730967104435,
-0.040746722370386124
] |
PMID:19572
|
Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion.
|
The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks during the first stage of labor. Glucose was given intravenously by a bolus injection of 330 mg/kg body weight, followed by a glucose infusion of 27.5 mg/kg/min for 60 min. Glucose concentration, immuno-reactive insulin (IRI), pH and base excess of the maternal and fetal blood were measured before and during maternal glucose load. Maternal blood glucose rose within 10 min. up to 280.0 mg% (SD 25.9). This level could be fairly maintained throughout the experiment. The maternal glucose was after 60 min. infusion 326.5 mg% (SD 46.9). Fetal glucose concentration rose continuously from 65.8 mg% (SD 5.8) at control to 249.2 mg% (SD 23.3) after 60 min. The increase of maternal and fetal glucose was associated with an elevation of immuno-reactive insulin (IRI). The maternal insulin was 24.0 micronU/ml (SD 8.0). It was scattered over a wide range (55.4 micronU/ml-217.1 micronU/ml) after 60 min. glucose infusion. The fetal insulin was 17.0 micronU/ml (SD 5.2) at control and rose by 86.5% (SD 80.5) after 60 min. glucose load. One case of a mother with a subclinical diabetes mellitus deviated where the fetal insulin rose from 26.0 micronU/ml at control to 215.6 micronU/ml after 60 min. infusion. The increase of insulin per glucose rise was correlated to fetal body weight. During glucose infusion to the mother of both, fetal and maternal, acid base parameters remained unchanged. From these observations it may be concluded that in the human fetus insulin secretion following a single glucose load is generally low, however, it increases in cases where the maternal insulin response to glucose load is abnormal. This might be related to a chronic stimulation by glucose of the fetal pancreatic islet cells in poorly controlled diabetic and possibly prediabetic patients.
|
Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks during the first stage of labor. Glucose was given intravenously by a bolus injection of 330 mg/kg body weight, followed by a glucose infusion of 27.5 mg/kg/min for 60 min. Glucose concentration, immuno-reactive insulin (IRI), pH and base excess of the maternal and fetal blood were measured before and during maternal glucose load. Maternal blood glucose rose within 10 min. up to 280.0 mg% (SD 25.9). This level could be fairly maintained throughout the experiment. The maternal glucose was after 60 min. infusion 326.5 mg% (SD 46.9). Fetal glucose concentration rose continuously from 65.8 mg% (SD 5.8) at control to 249.2 mg% (SD 23.3) after 60 min. The increase of maternal and fetal glucose was associated with an elevation of immuno-reactive insulin (IRI). The maternal insulin was 24.0 micronU/ml (SD 8.0). It was scattered over a wide range (55.4 micronU/ml-217.1 micronU/ml) after 60 min. glucose infusion. The fetal insulin was 17.0 micronU/ml (SD 5.2) at control and rose by 86.5% (SD 80.5) after 60 min. glucose load. One case of a mother with a subclinical diabetes mellitus deviated where the fetal insulin rose from 26.0 micronU/ml at control to 215.6 micronU/ml after 60 min. infusion. The increase of insulin per glucose rise was correlated to fetal body weight. During glucose infusion to the mother of both, fetal and maternal, acid base parameters remained unchanged. From these observations it may be concluded that in the human fetus insulin secretion following a single glucose load is generally low, however, it increases in cases where the maternal insulin response to glucose load is abnormal. This might be related to a chronic stimulation by glucose of the fetal pancreatic islet cells in poorly controlled diabetic and possibly prediabetic patients.
|
[
-0.01257416047155857,
0.015776902437210083,
-0.023910822346806526,
0.02391682006418705,
-0.022553294897079468,
0.0248445812612772,
0.060239922255277634,
0.025248408317565918,
-0.013427517376840115,
-0.002219404559582472,
-0.026660019531846046,
-0.07812214642763138,
-0.05424855276942253,
0.0707387775182724,
-0.030759619548916817,
0.0058836666867136955,
-0.006386902648955584,
-0.044935885816812515,
-0.1220284104347229,
-0.003963167779147625,
0.045608989894390106,
-0.026781145483255386,
0.02938719280064106,
0.009512095712125301,
0.07236235588788986,
-0.015464105643332005,
-0.026865767315030098,
0.02447293885052204,
-0.05201854184269905,
-0.16324104368686676,
-0.0018706689588725567,
-0.0102328946813941,
0.08502396196126938,
-0.027835454791784286,
-0.01727680116891861,
0.020166760310530663,
-0.021877221763134003,
0.06027202308177948,
-0.05785525590181351,
0.04162326455116272,
0.05163886770606041,
0.002743626944720745,
0.021713515743613243,
0.01273515447974205,
0.0032567945308983326,
-0.004755226895213127,
-0.02337297983467579,
0.0022111868020147085,
0.04500880837440491,
0.03725768253207207,
0.04021777957677841,
0.0027824989520013332,
0.0688670203089714,
0.07484761625528336,
-0.04785555228590965,
-0.009792172349989414,
0.045353036373853683,
-0.08104253560304642,
0.04274795576930046,
0.006640356034040451,
-0.0005659720627591014,
0.08050315082073212,
-0.12055495381355286,
0.053072210401296616,
0.04774468392133713,
0.019404426217079163,
-0.04213055968284607,
-0.010594437830150127,
0.015176208689808846,
0.07057643681764603,
-0.044470593333244324,
0.07342543452978134,
0.06344079226255417,
-0.002000730484724045,
0.034655869007110596,
-0.043217603117227554,
0.09663265943527222,
0.00987930316478014,
0.046133801341056824,
0.029498057439923286,
0.008367475122213364,
-0.029838817194104195,
0.0007552583701908588,
-0.01571127586066723,
0.002282193396240473,
-0.05649811029434204,
-0.006387853994965553,
-0.003663565730676055,
0.04081367328763008,
0.004372463561594486,
-0.02835681661963463,
-0.08357510715723038,
-0.09281907230615616,
0.034715767949819565,
-0.10273422300815582,
-0.009875217452645302,
0.043192896991968155,
-0.05059429630637169,
-0.033000148832798004,
0.40842360258102417,
-0.03253975883126259,
0.011761226691305637,
-0.008727957494556904,
-0.0442516952753067,
-0.030934398993849754,
-0.05593971908092499,
0.027263183146715164,
0.024946337565779686,
-0.007906824350357056,
0.015848012641072273,
-0.025280043482780457,
-0.025368398055434227,
0.039442095905542374,
-0.012837408110499382,
-0.00887230969965458,
-0.010740535333752632,
0.043391481041908264,
-0.00548408692702651,
0.025315316393971443,
0.04108786582946777,
0.004217623732984066,
-0.02560259960591793,
0.0273975171148777,
-0.07451809197664261,
0.04986443370580673,
0.024710936471819878,
0.026482906192541122,
0.10088971257209778,
-0.017744969576597214,
0.0015621375059708953,
0.06212740018963814,
0.057870764285326004,
-0.0789659321308136,
0.011053607799112797,
-0.03578143194317818,
-0.004797252826392651,
-0.01897662691771984,
-0.006398042198270559,
0.01100379228591919,
-0.01450996845960617,
-0.03335261717438698,
-0.0488261878490448,
-0.03887410834431648,
-0.09296299517154694,
-0.010318848304450512,
0.1266399621963501,
0.05482008308172226,
0.05210532993078232,
0.028398552909493446,
-0.048703745007514954,
0.021732592955231667,
0.07874774932861328,
0.004859177861362696,
-0.012096201069653034,
-0.021891670301556587,
0.042832519859075546,
-0.06055069714784622,
0.0010910986457020044,
0.024191590026021004,
-0.07121019810438156,
0.008963299915194511,
-0.020597141236066818,
-0.015987327322363853,
0.012385924346745014,
0.041179388761520386,
-0.016633212566375732,
-0.008080855943262577,
-0.038001932203769684,
0.03771902993321419,
0.009449906647205353,
0.04976653307676315,
-0.04372572526335716,
-0.022619735449552536,
-0.07364539802074432,
0.024696597829461098,
-0.02217891439795494,
0.004483144264668226,
0.051876578480005264,
0.01619071513414383,
0.0007426580414175987,
0.016783567145466805,
0.012892238795757294,
0.036103274673223495,
0.006749507039785385,
0.05854487419128418,
-0.044516753405332565,
-0.020163215696811676,
0.02341333031654358,
-0.02029852382838726,
0.05351081117987633,
-0.0790243148803711,
0.009362300857901573,
-0.10707557946443558,
-0.02135629393160343,
0.023288100957870483,
-0.009993381798267365,
0.000051394996262388304,
-0.0032941566314548254,
0.005285718943923712,
-0.07076685130596161,
0.045167047530412674,
0.006465597078204155,
-0.00497993640601635,
0.10107225179672241,
0.0451810285449028,
0.0060444422997534275,
0.008169973269104958,
-0.005399148911237717,
0.043667107820510864,
0.04147924855351448,
-0.004896261263638735,
0.037141475826501846,
-0.013360592536628246,
-0.008648490533232689,
-0.049548838287591934,
0.03105565346777439,
-0.008897910825908184,
-0.012892341241240501,
-0.0113303754478693,
0.0556633360683918,
0.019258152693510056,
-0.09766766428947449,
-0.0025548243429511786,
-0.28264516592025757,
0.007193302735686302,
0.04556629806756973,
-0.024663055315613747,
0.01072787493467331,
-0.045411933213472366,
0.006897705607116222,
-0.01378506887704134,
-0.018017562106251717,
-0.0015339874662458897,
0.05915996432304382,
0.06004442647099495,
-0.059636857360601425,
-0.023566853255033493,
-0.006707670167088509,
-0.0103238420560956,
0.015174348838627338,
-0.08372680097818375,
0.04464878514409065,
0.03694549575448036,
-0.014825806953012943,
0.01675887033343315,
0.059333715587854385,
0.03417114168405533,
0.07546199858188629,
-0.009163964539766312,
0.08542165160179138,
-0.04979199171066284,
0.0366324856877327,
-0.024136368185281754,
-0.01690393127501011,
0.0005256194272078574,
-0.012338336557149887,
-0.020620528608560562,
0.008847597986459732,
-0.051788680255413055,
-0.01361039374023676,
0.01024048961699009,
-0.036960065364837646,
0.02188033238053322,
-0.08153930306434631,
0.004584198817610741,
-0.008803028613328934,
0.00426073232665658,
-0.03744889795780182,
0.023876426741480827,
-0.024686185643076897,
-0.04718713089823723,
0.014060679823160172,
0.012132528237998486,
0.005186152178794146,
-0.057220421731472015,
-0.030124297365546227,
-0.02823111228644848,
0.046467941254377365,
-0.05308631807565689,
-0.059957168996334076,
-0.00575720239430666,
-0.06682200729846954,
0.02324984408915043,
-0.008840651251375675,
-0.00038862056680954993,
-0.06058163195848465,
-0.01758037693798542,
-0.02046472765505314,
0.005852373782545328,
0.0017042371910065413,
0.01663384400308132,
0.029262006282806396,
0.010365305468440056,
0.04008464142680168,
0.10383385419845581,
-0.028619086369872093,
0.0043451483361423016,
0.08479838073253632,
0.02706841379404068,
-0.035617243498563766,
-0.04663658142089844,
-0.09115040302276611,
0.01682329922914505,
-0.0057660434395074844,
0.006321050692349672,
0.08655178546905518,
0.02503405325114727,
0.013556688092648983,
0.022995635867118835,
0.016690334305167198,
0.036763276904821396,
-0.00817032065242529,
0.003478920552879572,
0.02275201678276062,
0.03844158351421356,
-0.05294229835271835,
-0.04370274767279625,
0.007338389754295349,
0.007287212181836367,
-0.2774294316768646,
0.016827598214149475,
-0.009339332580566406,
-0.004473442677408457,
-0.010485782288014889,
-0.018237203359603882,
0.011671480722725391,
-0.011508544906973839,
-0.01904991641640663,
-0.011531251482665539,
0.00010659699910320342,
0.024783743545413017,
0.09160445630550385,
0.0914086252450943,
0.025831514969468117,
0.02756430208683014,
-0.013625611551105976,
-0.03703547641634941,
-0.041753388941287994,
-0.0552649050951004,
-0.004819810856133699,
-0.01957889460027218,
0.12119557708501816,
-0.032445743680000305,
-0.05013629049062729,
-0.038346514105796814,
0.02704283408820629,
0.08283855766057968,
0.016686636954545975,
0.036614492535591125,
-0.011888169683516026,
0.024944845587015152,
0.011908982880413532,
0.0053892070427536964,
0.06644204258918762,
0.007597606163471937,
-0.044200483709573746,
0.01117976289242506,
0.06748572736978531,
0.034728072583675385,
0.009675893932580948,
-0.04430929571390152,
-0.05948441103100777,
-0.027846530079841614,
0.05865577235817909,
-0.03334794193506241,
-0.00661215977743268,
-0.05789319425821304,
0.04557163268327713,
-0.00919813010841608,
-0.01259562373161316,
-0.021811742335557938,
0.028660381212830544,
0.009349570609629154,
0.032664768397808075,
-0.05284570902585983,
-0.02420828491449356,
-0.005126571282744408,
-0.07076709717512131,
0.02243015356361866,
0.003140200162306428,
0.014731483533978462,
-0.02792547084391117,
0.03133771941065788,
-0.034146424382925034
] |
PMID:19574
|
The effect of temperature on the tensile strength and disintegration of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets.
|
The tensile strengths and disintegration times of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets at room temperature are higher when they have been prepared at high temperatures, e.g. 85 degrees, than at room temperature or below, e.g.--20 degrees. The activation energies of the two materials, 3 and 1 k cal mol-1 (13 and 4kJmol-1) respectively, were derived from plots of log tensile strength and log disintegration time versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. The results have been explained in terms of sintering theory and the formation of welded bonds between particles.
|
The effect of temperature on the tensile strength and disintegration of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets. The tensile strengths and disintegration times of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets at room temperature are higher when they have been prepared at high temperatures, e.g. 85 degrees, than at room temperature or below, e.g.--20 degrees. The activation energies of the two materials, 3 and 1 k cal mol-1 (13 and 4kJmol-1) respectively, were derived from plots of log tensile strength and log disintegration time versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. The results have been explained in terms of sintering theory and the formation of welded bonds between particles.
|
[
-0.04916592687368393,
0.030130458995699883,
0.0399816669523716,
-0.03341022506356239,
0.046485524624586105,
-0.02149360254406929,
0.008446802385151386,
0.03168613463640213,
-0.02366720139980316,
-0.057228874415159225,
-0.013502676039934158,
-0.008597041480243206,
0.06558636575937271,
0.037122614681720734,
-0.015120791271328926,
-0.026645615696907043,
0.032376937568187714,
-0.027730528265237808,
-0.050134699791669846,
0.015751246362924576,
0.011386786587536335,
0.0035522221587598324,
0.03577592596411705,
-0.0389387309551239,
0.05073589086532593,
0.08049191534519196,
-0.009766676463186741,
0.005989544093608856,
-0.0604054294526577,
-0.22155174612998962,
0.03279514238238335,
0.03511110320687294,
-0.009943226352334023,
-0.06814773380756378,
-0.00067358702654019,
0.015930887311697006,
0.00028457053122110665,
0.07278098165988922,
0.007414159364998341,
-0.017969276756048203,
0.07262417674064636,
0.04549908638000488,
-0.030358845368027687,
-0.022999493405222893,
0.02467293292284012,
0.01383970770984888,
-0.0410727933049202,
0.00746617466211319,
0.11625546216964722,
0.008890785276889801,
0.04884813353419304,
0.004318655002862215,
0.025803042575716972,
0.014512352645397186,
0.0156666599214077,
0.031085526570677757,
0.019290531054139137,
0.0493711419403553,
0.018376976251602173,
0.02993886172771454,
-0.008346081711351871,
0.01755436882376671,
-0.1511409729719162,
0.07264228165149689,
0.04936967045068741,
-0.01853370852768421,
0.03269439935684204,
-0.03336319327354431,
0.018125683069229126,
0.07004567235708237,
-0.0110245943069458,
-0.010121564380824566,
0.013758236542344093,
0.0005097986431792378,
0.05744021013379097,
-0.01644730567932129,
-0.021919749677181244,
-0.052307043224573135,
0.02828967012465,
-0.01636248640716076,
0.01644415408372879,
-0.0005765077075920999,
0.010690157301723957,
-0.07173323631286621,
-0.018460944294929504,
-0.03502833470702171,
0.02201554737985134,
0.005290592554956675,
-0.006874985992908478,
0.014156267046928406,
-0.021807586774230003,
0.037226639688014984,
-0.021168526262044907,
-0.02734944224357605,
-0.053368717432022095,
-0.007438581436872482,
-0.030502695590257645,
0.019781721755862236,
-0.01828364096581936,
0.3933967351913452,
-0.06596710532903671,
-0.016692042350769043,
-0.03161296620965004,
-0.01163324061781168,
0.00024661043426021934,
0.006801964715123177,
0.07776488363742828,
-0.020651118829846382,
-0.03668852522969246,
-0.005356814246624708,
0.02646295353770256,
0.026388702914118767,
-0.006673138588666916,
0.03629496693611145,
0.0017541749402880669,
0.0026760816108435392,
0.04222104698419571,
-0.021132510155439377,
-0.02006874419748783,
-0.005035068839788437,
-0.01983913779258728,
-0.011550629511475563,
0.03980538994073868,
-0.030123725533485413,
-0.021594345569610596,
-0.0503971204161644,
-0.0434841513633728,
0.06767410784959793,
0.0007375011336989701,
-0.036781422793865204,
0.02931101620197296,
-0.00008955804514698684,
0.03142112120985985,
-0.012000741437077522,
0.007992777973413467,
-0.016989905387163162,
0.006937832105904818,
-0.05010710656642914,
0.03038434125483036,
-0.003892085049301386,
-0.027998346835374832,
-0.038695499300956726,
0.03228716552257538,
-0.0903644785284996,
-0.05086130648851395,
0.054822470992803574,
-0.025345943868160248,
0.005286967847496271,
-0.007196241524070501,
0.0034597537014633417,
-0.047971293330192566,
-0.01133081316947937,
-0.0378263033926487,
0.00865345261991024,
0.04128192365169525,
-0.02789967693388462,
-0.02980717085301876,
-0.025825992226600647,
-0.005812361370772123,
-0.03955753520131111,
-0.014049096032977104,
-0.022879531607031822,
-0.08205661922693253,
0.09421638399362564,
-0.04197235777974129,
-0.05258571356534958,
0.002705649472773075,
0.021077314391732216,
0.036837778985500336,
0.01317366398870945,
0.058815933763980865,
-0.02240549586713314,
-0.031925830990076065,
-0.01734832488000393,
0.035652585327625275,
0.022329121828079224,
0.0664696916937828,
-0.08633504062891006,
0.05821694806218147,
0.020853310823440552,
0.04088650643825531,
0.051206473261117935,
-0.002503800205886364,
0.0026372182182967663,
0.03760814294219017,
-0.005994664970785379,
-0.03387678414583206,
-0.05017238110303879,
0.035250723361968994,
0.04332254081964493,
-0.04235432296991348,
-0.006208192091435194,
-0.04741653800010681,
0.0726567953824997,
0.015808098018169403,
0.008713096380233765,
-0.03225265443325043,
0.03428921848535538,
0.0027637488674372435,
-0.03764691948890686,
0.11071669310331345,
-0.007594948634505272,
0.0013959738425910473,
0.04630117118358612,
0.06423835456371307,
0.030911073088645935,
0.04213487356901169,
0.0008355877362191677,
0.02566501311957836,
-0.0042540039867162704,
0.007880888879299164,
0.006729152984917164,
0.018287139013409615,
-0.019235925748944283,
-0.01291350182145834,
-0.015763338655233383,
0.02577998675405979,
0.0059569235891103745,
0.018176579847931862,
-0.00104967609513551,
0.013588192872703075,
-0.046104416251182556,
0.015050780959427357,
-0.339584618806839,
0.03993748873472214,
0.025567159056663513,
-0.0056807976216077805,
0.13556256890296936,
-0.03519175201654434,
0.025352302938699722,
-0.07401609420776367,
0.008640937507152557,
-0.05443098396062851,
0.11564350128173828,
0.04463953897356987,
-0.019656648859381676,
-0.07257971912622452,
-0.025362767279148102,
-0.015790428966283798,
0.019955774769186974,
0.037241335958242416,
-0.01755659282207489,
0.02104543149471283,
-0.01627495139837265,
-0.0036258564796298742,
-0.10250001400709152,
0.02360423095524311,
0.023112893104553223,
0.04550015553832054,
0.10590728372335434,
-0.0802052766084671,
-0.03853079304099083,
-0.023950116708874702,
0.026259973645210266,
-0.03642026335000992,
-0.05415443703532219,
-0.055657871067523956,
0.011781432665884495,
-0.00123156129848212,
0.0219709649682045,
-0.017832282930612564,
-0.005733507219702005,
-0.005625932943075895,
-0.02816593647003174,
0.06439937651157379,
0.019866324961185455,
-0.03332320228219032,
-0.05078563094139099,
-0.016036173328757286,
-0.03293900564312935,
0.009485200047492981,
-0.040069203823804855,
0.0680592879652977,
-0.016269836574792862,
0.05681939050555229,
0.03580201417207718,
-0.013270647265017033,
-0.0075919353403151035,
-0.03537096083164215,
0.006909981369972229,
0.0332237184047699,
-0.02784840762615204,
-0.023982100188732147,
-0.03866016864776611,
0.00982069130986929,
0.022475261241197586,
0.050004974007606506,
-0.047081898897886276,
-0.025003766641020775,
0.011343790218234062,
-0.00455087423324585,
0.022234441712498665,
0.013177815824747086,
0.02993454784154892,
0.12272749841213226,
-0.061905842274427414,
0.02135368436574936,
0.0633140355348587,
0.030760256573557854,
-0.07172928005456924,
0.022932343184947968,
-0.020328588783740997,
-0.002176698762923479,
-0.032362330704927444,
0.07236889749765396,
0.04694301635026932,
-0.0038803089410066605,
-0.0032110970932990313,
-0.03489275276660919,
-0.0036205374635756016,
-0.04861120507121086,
0.06744268536567688,
0.034219060093164444,
0.010676850564777851,
0.0008788246777839959,
-0.015969667583703995,
-0.0041338372975587845,
0.06260936707258224,
0.02215225249528885,
-0.2943152189254761,
-0.009525326080620289,
0.05833212658762932,
0.015612032264471054,
-0.05812544375658035,
-0.04720514267683029,
0.01654466986656189,
0.005668592173606157,
-0.04231847822666168,
-0.017433108761906624,
-0.011078160256147385,
-0.011486828327178955,
-0.0015123969642445445,
0.0024426919408142567,
0.004613950848579407,
-0.04662160575389862,
0.052386555820703506,
-0.07084109634160995,
-0.008578510954976082,
-0.0011317901080474257,
0.016832690685987473,
-0.0441964827477932,
0.14842410385608673,
-0.007802976295351982,
-0.0332595556974411,
0.039075691252946854,
0.03752994164824486,
0.06634590774774551,
-0.007080074865370989,
0.001349971047602594,
-0.017982827499508858,
0.04611507058143616,
0.03646999970078468,
0.005166089162230492,
0.0432572141289711,
0.016694018617272377,
-0.050515852868556976,
0.004365229979157448,
0.058135952800512314,
-0.013308831490576267,
0.025697316974401474,
-0.04264647141098976,
-0.03792620077729225,
-0.0042781829833984375,
0.03369853273034096,
-0.053568076342344284,
-0.05301718786358833,
-0.0708814337849617,
-0.020273439586162567,
-0.02104032225906849,
-0.040908798575401306,
-0.004038491751998663,
-0.005399662535637617,
0.010519230738282204,
-0.014599899761378765,
0.01147367898374796,
-0.04081245884299278,
0.02804885245859623,
0.005424533970654011,
-0.000587724382057786,
-0.05394946038722992,
0.024815451353788376,
-0.028717270120978355,
0.0389445535838604,
0.013342397287487984
] |
PMID:19575
|
Binder distribution onto binary mixtures of glass spheres.
|
Glass spheres (0-8 and 0-4 cm diam.) in differing weight ratios were treated in a rotating pan with four pharmaceutical binder fluids. Binder uptake for a sphere of 1 g was greater onto the smaller spheres irrespective of binder or wt ratio used. There were differences in uniformity of uptake, the solution binders (PVP and gelatin) being more evenly distributed than the mucilaginous binders (starch and methylcellulose). Binder distribution on the basis of unit surface area showed less obvious differences between the sphere sizes. Possible consequences of such binder distribution through powder aggregates are discussed.
|
Binder distribution onto binary mixtures of glass spheres. Glass spheres (0-8 and 0-4 cm diam.) in differing weight ratios were treated in a rotating pan with four pharmaceutical binder fluids. Binder uptake for a sphere of 1 g was greater onto the smaller spheres irrespective of binder or wt ratio used. There were differences in uniformity of uptake, the solution binders (PVP and gelatin) being more evenly distributed than the mucilaginous binders (starch and methylcellulose). Binder distribution on the basis of unit surface area showed less obvious differences between the sphere sizes. Possible consequences of such binder distribution through powder aggregates are discussed.
|
[
-0.04054882377386093,
-0.011486560106277466,
0.005514193791896105,
-0.07997872680425644,
0.025640230625867844,
0.0034778041299432516,
0.05431964993476868,
-0.005387037061154842,
-0.03087267465889454,
0.036376602947711945,
-0.03162062540650368,
-0.07062003761529922,
0.0015080493176355958,
-0.0030947416089475155,
0.01240144670009613,
0.002840592758730054,
0.013303873129189014,
-0.07269791513681412,
-0.049807846546173096,
-0.005549371242523193,
0.04452529922127724,
-0.06120995432138443,
-0.06622172892093658,
-0.014275624416768551,
0.046127159148454666,
0.04400959610939026,
-0.02791173942387104,
-0.04151836782693863,
-0.06294769048690796,
-0.2373075634241104,
-0.013891324400901794,
-0.015712285414338112,
-0.0010933923767879605,
-0.06921833008527756,
-0.023145616054534912,
0.026787104085087776,
0.011313592083752155,
0.042347438633441925,
-0.03495965152978897,
-0.00970784854143858,
0.05345133692026138,
0.018549375236034393,
-0.04385227710008621,
0.006899034604430199,
-0.021028833463788033,
0.014386809431016445,
-0.039104774594306946,
0.02910468727350235,
0.0647793859243393,
0.009212014265358448,
0.02446073293685913,
-0.03903642296791077,
-0.049423448741436005,
0.0017730897525325418,
-0.05999951437115669,
0.009458590298891068,
0.006981206126511097,
0.02477165125310421,
0.021319206804037094,
0.03922861069440842,
-0.024082675576210022,
-0.04076782986521721,
-0.10337094217538834,
0.09789334982633591,
0.08379519730806351,
-0.011287324130535126,
-0.007977968081831932,
0.0002657600271049887,
0.029774105176329613,
0.06855163723230362,
0.05113508552312851,
0.060071248561143875,
0.02103223092854023,
0.034954532980918884,
0.023295512422919273,
-0.008111758157610893,
0.02973218262195587,
-0.024946335703134537,
-0.03251855447888374,
0.030540695413947105,
-0.04153565689921379,
0.04696856811642647,
0.015640053898096085,
0.00017998137627728283,
-0.07499443739652634,
-0.019109858199954033,
-0.00516189681366086,
-0.06387767940759659,
0.015429024584591389,
0.03175514563918114,
0.006308804266154766,
0.027373749762773514,
0.0034576572943478823,
0.04651513695716858,
-0.06395192444324493,
-0.01260469201952219,
-0.015612446703016758,
0.05193595215678215,
0.05599895492196083,
0.40562811493873596,
0.016523119062185287,
0.007164131384342909,
0.0335988849401474,
-0.006390521302819252,
-0.027620837092399597,
-0.005852336995303631,
-0.00766119547188282,
-0.05434134230017662,
0.03969016298651695,
0.01419788971543312,
0.03245603293180466,
0.0046431031078100204,
-0.002946940716356039,
-0.02726367674767971,
-0.05566222220659256,
-0.05877935141324997,
0.0018670113058760762,
-0.0010055083548650146,
-0.043617259711027145,
-0.047856640070676804,
-0.03265862166881561,
0.024606848135590553,
0.02131415344774723,
0.011210051365196705,
0.02462361752986908,
0.013939942233264446,
-0.021545598283410072,
0.04018327593803406,
0.00522896833717823,
-0.028522571548819542,
0.027835289016366005,
0.041432563215494156,
-0.00294266315177083,
-0.016383573412895203,
0.044265784323215485,
-0.0030687986873090267,
0.025927679613232613,
-0.04855158552527428,
0.05695666745305061,
0.043435513973236084,
0.001628270954824984,
-0.026803886517882347,
-0.008264387026429176,
-0.08431562781333923,
-0.003050013678148389,
0.12080328166484833,
-0.03900701552629471,
0.0031794521491974592,
0.00039408859447576106,
-0.019758954644203186,
-0.010300439782440662,
0.04684709012508392,
-0.029725374653935432,
0.009940069168806076,
-0.007231933996081352,
0.0018304046243429184,
0.023212410509586334,
0.003044264158234,
-0.01357098389416933,
-0.0017286622896790504,
-0.03484150767326355,
-0.004310046322643757,
0.020046129822731018,
0.11165633052587509,
-0.050885576754808426,
-0.029644407331943512,
-0.0162346251308918,
-0.01285719033330679,
0.044175807386636734,
0.025137651711702347,
0.014273564331233501,
0.027573993429541588,
0.06163910776376724,
0.021482428535819054,
-0.0009976493893191218,
0.045894473791122437,
-0.03251468762755394,
-0.010308760218322277,
0.04845408722758293,
-0.027559716254472733,
0.05130421742796898,
0.07100944966077805,
-0.01593419909477234,
0.035477228462696075,
0.022977521643042564,
-0.004966020118445158,
-0.03172549977898598,
0.01490210834890604,
0.004614037461578846,
0.04231158271431923,
-0.03287060558795929,
0.02434384822845459,
-0.06327474862337112,
0.061499010771512985,
-0.007143628317862749,
-0.009437506087124348,
-0.025965159758925438,
0.005713241640478373,
-0.016142969951033592,
0.01610320806503296,
0.06008261442184448,
0.019820183515548706,
-0.03333873301744461,
0.023369407281279564,
0.07436680048704147,
0.04480190947651863,
-0.011930563487112522,
-0.026226632297039032,
0.07593340426683426,
0.045886795967817307,
-0.009341645054519176,
-0.032614000141620636,
0.026814710348844528,
-0.03937523439526558,
-0.03693670034408569,
0.05290726572275162,
0.04086186736822128,
-0.020067648962140083,
0.0029690114315599203,
-0.028784573078155518,
0.01036330871284008,
-0.06358995288610458,
-0.05573795363306999,
-0.2789615988731384,
0.014475739561021328,
-0.014191454276442528,
-0.0005149191711097956,
0.07140914350748062,
0.01207277923822403,
0.038067277520895004,
0.02699001133441925,
-0.05949467793107033,
-0.064041867852211,
0.037450160831213,
-0.02520517259836197,
-0.013692731969058514,
-0.019573701545596123,
-0.03284147381782532,
-0.07206277549266815,
-0.007083341479301453,
0.02714128978550434,
-0.017224056646227837,
0.009665949270129204,
-0.006918795872479677,
0.006135511677712202,
-0.0892341360449791,
0.06859800219535828,
0.05445600301027298,
-0.03560579940676689,
0.11370103061199188,
-0.07154203951358795,
-0.09563200920820236,
-0.04498130828142166,
0.04730112478137016,
0.05551636964082718,
-0.011576949618756771,
-0.019306864589452744,
0.0017950086621567607,
-0.031651269644498825,
0.0023414462339133024,
-0.04770908132195473,
-0.031011926010251045,
0.04921991378068924,
-0.031096847727894783,
0.059949710965156555,
-0.003242774633690715,
-0.03933345153927803,
-0.008318091742694378,
0.016453780233860016,
-0.05944401025772095,
0.022979307919740677,
-0.05872122198343277,
0.004584123846143484,
-0.019272906705737114,
-0.015652474015951157,
-0.003968540579080582,
-0.021835559979081154,
0.010572589933872223,
-0.0005622180178761482,
0.018463876098394394,
0.03579529747366905,
-0.06299218535423279,
0.04026388004422188,
-0.03901710733771324,
0.018424564972519875,
0.044708237051963806,
-0.006561379414051771,
-0.017954396083950996,
0.00031634667539037764,
0.03479114919900894,
-0.03670413792133331,
0.008471217006444931,
0.012608488090336323,
0.015532161109149456,
0.07548807561397552,
-0.06067363917827606,
0.06697110831737518,
0.10459555685520172,
0.023601220920681953,
0.007595410104840994,
0.03116094507277012,
-0.009136511944234371,
-0.011151442304253578,
0.05208374932408333,
0.05094442516565323,
0.030467936769127846,
0.02081095613539219,
0.042224086821079254,
-0.006056096870452166,
-0.029185833409428596,
0.025744734331965446,
0.044661469757556915,
0.02373947575688362,
-0.021496620029211044,
0.038142237812280655,
-0.05085679143667221,
0.006543382536619902,
0.03953946381807327,
0.022098781540989876,
-0.2962462604045868,
0.062883660197258,
0.06767544150352478,
0.09468162804841995,
-0.014279341325163841,
-0.028357790783047676,
0.05742650479078293,
0.004192375112324953,
0.07294650375843048,
-0.016922172158956528,
-0.02586398273706436,
-0.007147045806050301,
0.0177929624915123,
-0.018774298951029778,
-0.014054113999009132,
-0.04328823462128639,
0.024124236777424812,
-0.08273813873529434,
0.006289531942456961,
-0.06155845895409584,
0.029066091403365135,
-0.03226505219936371,
0.1796145886182785,
0.009996266104280949,
-0.04152331128716469,
0.01827455684542656,
-0.0010786934290081263,
0.05859968438744545,
-0.06805668026208878,
0.008233237080276012,
-0.035421695560216904,
0.02158455178141594,
0.1104702353477478,
-0.02508000284433365,
-0.023737136274576187,
0.0328904427587986,
0.007903462275862694,
-0.02627159282565117,
-0.003951193764805794,
-0.02049325592815876,
0.031194236129522324,
-0.05888335406780243,
-0.06505125015974045,
-0.009635630995035172,
0.020539697259664536,
-0.03832657262682915,
-0.0021684193052351475,
-0.06547733396291733,
-0.01697891391813755,
-0.03695222735404968,
-0.00448056124150753,
0.00823447946459055,
0.003262345911934972,
0.011552846059203148,
-0.003217303892597556,
-0.009889701381325722,
-0.0406421422958374,
-0.03176230564713478,
-0.07900118827819824,
0.03753587603569031,
0.01373292412608862,
-0.010662016458809376,
-0.03563687950372696,
-0.0072136190719902515,
0.015779178589582443
] |
PMID:19576
|
Permeation of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and dexamethasone across cellulose acetate membrane.
|
The permeation across cellulose acetate of three oestrogens, differing only in the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the nucleus, and a 'standard' steroid, dexamethasone, was investigated using the lag-time method for calculating diffusion parameters, between 10 and 40 degrees. Diffusion coefficients for the similarly-sized oestrogens were relatively insensitive to marked changes in polarity, but increased permeation was correlated with increased partition coefficients, decreased polarity and fewer hydroxyl groups on the nucleus. Permeation increased with temperature and energies of activation were calculated from Arrhenius-type plots. Ep values ranged from 4-84 k cal mol-1 (20 kJ mol-1) for the least polar steroid (oestrone) to 6-91 k cal mol-1 (29 kJ mol-1) for the most polar steroid (oestriol). The results implied that steroid diffusion occurred through aqueous membrane channels, but that it was impeded to various extents by both obstruction and polar interaction effects.
|
Permeation of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and dexamethasone across cellulose acetate membrane. The permeation across cellulose acetate of three oestrogens, differing only in the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the nucleus, and a 'standard' steroid, dexamethasone, was investigated using the lag-time method for calculating diffusion parameters, between 10 and 40 degrees. Diffusion coefficients for the similarly-sized oestrogens were relatively insensitive to marked changes in polarity, but increased permeation was correlated with increased partition coefficients, decreased polarity and fewer hydroxyl groups on the nucleus. Permeation increased with temperature and energies of activation were calculated from Arrhenius-type plots. Ep values ranged from 4-84 k cal mol-1 (20 kJ mol-1) for the least polar steroid (oestrone) to 6-91 k cal mol-1 (29 kJ mol-1) for the most polar steroid (oestriol). The results implied that steroid diffusion occurred through aqueous membrane channels, but that it was impeded to various extents by both obstruction and polar interaction effects.
|
[
-0.01937035471200943,
-0.044262878596782684,
-0.045826397836208344,
0.006203659810125828,
0.04450567811727524,
-0.004610281903296709,
0.021992210298776627,
-0.026274895295500755,
-0.0040525030344724655,
-0.04467419907450676,
-0.009851937182247639,
-0.04047316685318947,
0.04392608255147934,
0.005267710890620947,
0.011628280393779278,
0.03273726627230644,
0.0023291115649044514,
-0.014849046245217323,
-0.06467882543802261,
0.0504491813480854,
0.0014578320551663637,
-0.02203422412276268,
-0.004412008449435234,
0.007589026819914579,
0.0254240483045578,
0.035521719604730606,
-0.008247949182987213,
0.028277935460209846,
-0.06680246442556381,
-0.2018778920173645,
-0.01084025576710701,
-0.019613342359662056,
-0.0023720029275864363,
-0.033035751432180405,
-0.056990232318639755,
0.033169783651828766,
0.01756894588470459,
-0.04043015092611313,
0.015859585255384445,
0.07816716283559799,
-0.0007294696406461298,
-0.0011006549466401339,
-0.04055490717291832,
0.048956338316202164,
-0.03147347643971443,
0.039224013686180115,
-0.0658913180232048,
0.03338395431637764,
0.08265763521194458,
-0.048767704516649246,
0.019944777712225914,
0.034953124821186066,
-0.004129420500248671,
0.028699422255158424,
0.020271211862564087,
-0.016014698892831802,
0.0029789244290441275,
0.04013001173734665,
-0.0076377796940505505,
0.07883915305137634,
-0.0037155658937990665,
0.05056491121649742,
-0.14101001620292664,
0.0798453837633133,
0.045910704880952835,
-0.024524642154574394,
0.003586064325645566,
-0.01165822334587574,
0.017331665381789207,
0.08100379258394241,
-0.04431520774960518,
0.038298189640045166,
-0.015978971496224403,
-0.013247503899037838,
0.05216230824589729,
-0.007027098909020424,
-0.014524051919579506,
-0.039281755685806274,
0.00017415429465472698,
0.00772861298173666,
0.009119324386119843,
0.03764387592673302,
-0.0029028081335127354,
-0.028189320117235184,
-0.01918102242052555,
0.0166536346077919,
-0.008957182988524437,
-0.039747584611177444,
0.025510253384709358,
0.03410300612449646,
-0.06078321114182472,
-0.019293418154120445,
-0.09178939461708069,
0.05526478588581085,
-0.05107972398400307,
0.017986364662647247,
-0.0008441777899861336,
-0.03817569464445114,
0.015605892054736614,
0.3898794949054718,
-0.022547706961631775,
0.06813763082027435,
-0.018964027985930443,
0.0018890249775722623,
0.006732732057571411,
-0.04221023619174957,
-0.004884315188974142,
-0.04221181198954582,
-0.01773799955844879,
0.04151178523898125,
-0.0028846340719610453,
-0.04126686975359917,
0.01563119702041149,
-0.04580838978290558,
-0.020361825823783875,
-0.028748590499162674,
0.053233519196510315,
-0.03818577900528908,
-0.056663647294044495,
-0.005184694658964872,
-0.07037101686000824,
-0.014593220315873623,
0.06730183959007263,
0.015916995704174042,
0.07237086445093155,
-0.010676383040845394,
-0.009962362237274647,
0.07547365874052048,
0.04561269283294678,
0.02812916971743107,
0.04167137295007706,
0.0729803517460823,
-0.0337805449962616,
-0.019556090235710144,
-0.00902523659169674,
0.002853329759091139,
0.03326604142785072,
-0.04331950843334198,
0.008979156613349915,
-0.010084010660648346,
-0.013416913338005543,
-0.0364447720348835,
-0.01200480293482542,
-0.08978397399187088,
-0.04325437173247337,
0.1394750326871872,
0.00012952023826073855,
-0.011227225884795189,
-0.02277768775820732,
0.0017860346706584096,
0.03710479661822319,
0.05586864799261093,
-0.04812346026301384,
0.029984381049871445,
-0.03905158117413521,
-0.0671253576874733,
-0.03947708010673523,
-0.041397955268621445,
0.016731273382902145,
0.029698237776756287,
-0.025322942063212395,
0.05305437743663788,
-0.01494800578802824,
0.10619764775037766,
0.035755813121795654,
-0.031056135892868042,
0.0017305260989814997,
0.03258456662297249,
0.018220895901322365,
0.020611438900232315,
0.030161121860146523,
-0.001969181001186371,
-0.06830251216888428,
-0.03261476010084152,
-0.029273295775055885,
0.031214537099003792,
0.018632210791110992,
-0.021511666476726532,
0.0067227985709905624,
-0.07513377070426941,
0.02160467952489853,
0.0013087865663692355,
-0.026504674926400185,
0.010788966901600361,
0.05303090810775757,
0.027078881859779358,
-0.03320925682783127,
-0.03994515538215637,
-0.017668668180704117,
0.025514787063002586,
-0.032160237431526184,
0.024590158835053444,
-0.047384243458509445,
0.05128626152873039,
-0.058051642030477524,
-0.05681847408413887,
-0.02502761036157608,
-0.012188934721052647,
-0.026417002081871033,
-0.02569793537259102,
0.0867801085114479,
-0.004636226687580347,
0.020244043320417404,
0.043559521436691284,
0.03793618828058243,
0.060363564640283585,
0.06901310384273529,
-0.022824522107839584,
0.04315830394625664,
0.023455418646335602,
-0.01865996979176998,
-0.025475330650806427,
-0.016354965046048164,
-0.008061530068516731,
-0.017984172329306602,
0.037488903850317,
0.021437419578433037,
-0.0144258514046669,
0.07589616626501083,
0.006777042523026466,
0.07424452155828476,
-0.029487023130059242,
0.0003504251944832504,
-0.33561959862709045,
-0.0050917030312120914,
0.010649088770151138,
0.02656649239361286,
0.09361264854669571,
-0.061680134385824203,
-0.010451016016304493,
-0.07025846838951111,
0.009501021355390549,
-0.05418004095554352,
0.06813396513462067,
0.0649123564362526,
-0.027732478454709053,
-0.027697760611772537,
-0.003524532774463296,
-0.03547970950603485,
0.04042758420109749,
0.03125089406967163,
0.03821934014558792,
0.012777162715792656,
-0.012624871917068958,
-0.02389415167272091,
0.005526582710444927,
0.03015422448515892,
0.07517555356025696,
-0.06422682851552963,
0.10521858185529709,
-0.0019179354421794415,
-0.04149055480957031,
-0.003589620813727379,
0.05641425400972366,
0.010899529792368412,
0.027543196454644203,
-0.05002528801560402,
-0.0023573071230202913,
-0.0485396608710289,
0.07660838961601257,
-0.00065560796065256,
0.04352981224656105,
-0.023281756788492203,
-0.03909057378768921,
0.05844695121049881,
0.01784743182361126,
-0.06188428774476051,
-0.05024746432900429,
-0.0014312888961285353,
0.014082837849855423,
-0.0007718905108049512,
-0.05640518292784691,
0.020608648657798767,
0.05612854287028313,
-0.04479847848415375,
0.09504559636116028,
-0.01572500169277191,
0.013914835639297962,
-0.024008488282561302,
-0.017368152737617493,
-0.0191707331687212,
-0.07278495281934738,
0.01114648673683405,
-0.03555268049240112,
-0.04467274993658066,
0.0013144626282155514,
-0.036481279879808426,
-0.04252689331769943,
-0.018176760524511337,
-0.001249609049409628,
-0.006067127455025911,
0.06111392378807068,
-0.010719121433794498,
0.025345642119646072,
0.0801512598991394,
-0.05190647393465042,
0.003741417545825243,
0.06854864209890366,
0.023416263982653618,
-0.06985390186309814,
-0.006304978858679533,
-0.06952060014009476,
0.016191698610782623,
-0.0018062260933220387,
-0.030838660895824432,
0.06423278152942657,
-0.031741365790367126,
0.009858593344688416,
-0.004699961747974157,
-0.01545151136815548,
-0.056779228150844574,
0.017401045188307762,
0.025189246982336044,
0.015303904190659523,
-0.010382995940744877,
-0.0025020854081958532,
-0.02570229209959507,
0.011135995388031006,
-0.01517350971698761,
-0.29139772057533264,
0.019191114231944084,
0.07091054320335388,
0.03647937253117561,
-0.042577922344207764,
0.018139159306883812,
0.030875127762556076,
0.0018588465172797441,
-0.05377243831753731,
0.030531145632267,
-0.011259052902460098,
0.08344785869121552,
0.07548579573631287,
0.020480941981077194,
0.0051365508697927,
-0.00816761888563633,
0.004695749841630459,
-0.001104011433199048,
-0.023098768666386604,
-0.005212143529206514,
0.016738973557949066,
-0.024821558967232704,
0.10139206796884537,
-0.011224783957004547,
-0.06497779488563538,
0.017749136313796043,
0.010236972011625767,
0.059326425194740295,
0.02682986669242382,
-0.013820488005876541,
-0.005538483615964651,
0.0487327016890049,
0.03482852131128311,
0.038635604083538055,
-0.006117173004895449,
0.04070921242237091,
-0.02879125252366066,
-0.002295039827004075,
0.024229777976870537,
-0.03364181891083717,
0.0686991885304451,
-0.055865004658699036,
-0.06786572188138962,
0.04334860295057297,
0.019706638529896736,
-0.0505639910697937,
-0.03589213639497757,
-0.021298907697200775,
0.014059310778975487,
-0.004490583669394255,
-0.021542983129620552,
0.018554482609033585,
0.02530978061258793,
0.04164496064186096,
0.030758000910282135,
0.009237348102033138,
0.011511341668665409,
-0.03503870964050293,
-0.023442456498742104,
-0.033794667571783066,
0.0048935431987047195,
-0.052944719791412354,
-0.04412734881043434,
0.03767366707324982,
0.03330918774008751
] |
PMID:19577
|
Effect of a second solubilizate on the partition coefficient of drugs in micellar solution and their permeation rate across an artificial membrane.
|
The distribution of a solubilizate between micelles and the aqueous phase does not obey a simple partition law when a second solubilizate species is present. Alterations of the apparent partition coefficient cannot be explained in terms of a simple displacement mechanism, following the interaction of both solubilizates with the same site of the micelle. A non linear increase in solubilizate association to micelles following an increase in surfactant concentration is observed in the presence of a second solubilizate. A depression in the cloud point temperature follows the addition of a second species and is such that cannot be interpreted as a simple additive effect. Alteration of the apparent partition coefficient in a miscellar solution has an effect on the permeation rate of the solubilizate across an artificial membrane. Biopharmaceutical implications are discussed.
|
Effect of a second solubilizate on the partition coefficient of drugs in micellar solution and their permeation rate across an artificial membrane. The distribution of a solubilizate between micelles and the aqueous phase does not obey a simple partition law when a second solubilizate species is present. Alterations of the apparent partition coefficient cannot be explained in terms of a simple displacement mechanism, following the interaction of both solubilizates with the same site of the micelle. A non linear increase in solubilizate association to micelles following an increase in surfactant concentration is observed in the presence of a second solubilizate. A depression in the cloud point temperature follows the addition of a second species and is such that cannot be interpreted as a simple additive effect. Alteration of the apparent partition coefficient in a miscellar solution has an effect on the permeation rate of the solubilizate across an artificial membrane. Biopharmaceutical implications are discussed.
|
[
-0.04762924462556839,
-0.036867428570985794,
-0.007255238480865955,
-0.0031363763846457005,
0.01995147578418255,
-0.017357738688588142,
0.05552905425429344,
0.018826454877853394,
-0.011366591788828373,
-0.04266431927680969,
-0.01231022085994482,
-0.053049664944410324,
0.0012404253939166665,
0.018952850252389908,
0.005654633045196533,
0.007218316197395325,
-0.0015677001792937517,
-0.02103118784725666,
-0.0932207852602005,
0.01515698991715908,
0.021238338202238083,
-0.05823336914181709,
-0.003409779630601406,
-0.018058955669403076,
0.005260254256427288,
0.015538150444626808,
-0.024893194437026978,
-0.0021379555109888315,
-0.0391712486743927,
-0.2628335952758789,
0.017601771280169487,
0.025066467002034187,
0.006006312556564808,
-0.03308556228876114,
0.019374525174498558,
0.050471317023038864,
-0.033112261444330215,
0.014594720676541328,
-0.04194600507616997,
0.04332849383354187,
0.02945738658308983,
0.052810877561569214,
0.02246212214231491,
0.01080918125808239,
0.03377837315201759,
-0.04323776066303253,
-0.005385859403759241,
0.03472054377198219,
0.06316941976547241,
-0.07406675070524216,
0.03827948868274689,
0.0012178356992080808,
-0.03345954045653343,
0.04043104872107506,
-0.022003069519996643,
0.06701945513486862,
-0.03215506300330162,
0.020956959575414658,
0.019756300374865532,
0.06619176268577576,
0.02384072169661522,
0.03487016260623932,
-0.12724730372428894,
0.08087584376335144,
0.0686548724770546,
-0.005205129738897085,
-0.025097236037254333,
-0.02202911116182804,
0.0026887168642133474,
0.06662044674158096,
-0.03831474483013153,
0.05743352323770523,
-0.008635836653411388,
-0.016340000554919243,
0.10971816629171371,
-0.015506028197705746,
-0.0035105585120618343,
0.02361125312745571,
-0.007811176124960184,
-0.014550209045410156,
-0.00025536082102917135,
-0.04569891095161438,
-0.012012145482003689,
-0.05419985577464104,
-0.06296491622924805,
0.03900222107768059,
0.010871648788452148,
-0.016224093735218048,
0.007491536904126406,
0.007816731929779053,
0.02604195475578308,
-0.00009263099491363391,
-0.015082472935318947,
-0.015587643720209599,
-0.0424351803958416,
0.0468158982694149,
-0.016110286116600037,
-0.035874318331480026,
0.06474985182285309,
0.3715816140174866,
0.0026288838125765324,
0.034891948103904724,
-0.01632803864777088,
-0.00034397211857140064,
0.012085811235010624,
-0.035106733441352844,
-0.0024131829850375652,
-0.01761656068265438,
0.0736171156167984,
0.043930791318416595,
0.039448369294404984,
-0.022389469668269157,
0.026919716969132423,
-0.00221928465180099,
-0.06924765557050705,
-0.014184490777552128,
-0.0064362408593297005,
-0.009681498631834984,
0.023489592596888542,
-0.032044023275375366,
-0.03197221830487251,
-0.04223649203777313,
0.023447830229997635,
-0.024243419989943504,
-0.02314887009561062,
0.02245490439236164,
-0.023391852155327797,
0.10869481414556503,
0.006331858690828085,
-0.0242730975151062,
0.03758610412478447,
0.013212638907134533,
-0.01885555125772953,
-0.0080558517947793,
0.033009786158800125,
0.0025989245623350143,
-0.018637647852301598,
-0.021793529391288757,
0.031426332890987396,
0.01087132841348648,
-0.011395561508834362,
-0.006331289187073708,
-0.0478784404695034,
-0.08576025068759918,
-0.022880449891090393,
0.13892138004302979,
0.023806855082511902,
-0.014000816270709038,
-0.011980474926531315,
0.013943751342594624,
-0.03567202016711235,
0.040860746055841446,
-0.06038988009095192,
0.019674459472298622,
-0.008654765784740448,
0.005235487129539251,
0.05600566416978836,
-0.00778887839987874,
0.011851927265524864,
-0.008185673505067825,
-0.032329872250556946,
-0.020339425653219223,
-0.0367802157998085,
0.1071002334356308,
0.003397941356524825,
0.0229325070977211,
-0.0021554867271333933,
0.028068149462342262,
0.013441615737974644,
-0.00493954261764884,
0.03390390798449516,
0.0015259466599673033,
0.005164132919162512,
-0.09772517532110214,
-0.041487742215394974,
-0.0036601442843675613,
0.0006102254847064614,
-0.012717710807919502,
0.03840762749314308,
-0.018291067332029343,
0.029977068305015564,
0.027219731360673904,
-0.006936762016266584,
0.08800552785396576,
0.094755619764328,
-0.008343331515789032,
-0.04635975882411003,
-0.011818326078355312,
-0.024259621277451515,
0.05726958438754082,
-0.09804482758045197,
-0.009201595559716225,
-0.03355195373296738,
0.08860906213521957,
-0.03192181512713432,
-0.0046545276418328285,
-0.001987389288842678,
-0.021225787699222565,
-0.06969746202230453,
-0.03149600699543953,
0.12300535291433334,
0.027610506862401962,
-0.020458310842514038,
0.008841185830533504,
0.08192673325538635,
0.06070471182465553,
0.10177592188119888,
-0.00027088914066553116,
-0.022556087002158165,
0.000025108432964771055,
-0.021025147289037704,
-0.053328435868024826,
-0.04708046466112137,
-0.04208190366625786,
-0.04552378132939339,
0.04617763310670853,
0.04046962037682533,
-0.01742061972618103,
0.08853501081466675,
0.056168828159570694,
0.07157866656780243,
-0.0272691547870636,
-0.01987599767744541,
-0.2997451424598694,
-0.038892507553100586,
-0.004039356485009193,
-0.016942273825407028,
0.08512990176677704,
-0.0232402253895998,
0.004569221753627062,
-0.011385374702513218,
-0.00015750214515719563,
-0.0741540938615799,
0.06919144093990326,
0.030243949964642525,
0.024039147421717644,
-0.02426282688975334,
-0.022084595635533333,
-0.06359965354204178,
0.013942736200988293,
0.0584462471306324,
0.014163196086883545,
-0.0041473982855677605,
0.006947740912437439,
0.009638805873692036,
0.04197770729660988,
0.02359432727098465,
0.044510096311569214,
-0.01489871647208929,
0.08768800646066666,
0.011891091242432594,
-0.06030024215579033,
0.03166191279888153,
0.01785423420369625,
0.02744973637163639,
-0.01222663652151823,
-0.07160844653844833,
-0.04765145108103752,
-0.021440761163830757,
0.03373895585536957,
-0.034153345972299576,
-0.006018923129886389,
-0.02574218437075615,
-0.01333912555128336,
0.052729494869709015,
0.0562826432287693,
-0.007405894808471203,
-0.040269285440444946,
-0.015851642936468124,
0.013887845911085606,
0.0354992039501667,
-0.026101207360625267,
-0.0012905735056847334,
-0.003058262635022402,
0.033489976078271866,
0.036414068192243576,
-0.024131743237376213,
0.023771971464157104,
0.015239107422530651,
-0.011720646172761917,
-0.01612403430044651,
-0.04969782382249832,
-0.04286147281527519,
-0.023489544168114662,
0.0022683546412736177,
0.013722370378673077,
-0.02764798142015934,
-0.013268915936350822,
-0.026425538584589958,
-0.019060684368014336,
-0.04898133873939514,
0.037074014544487,
0.002802751725539565,
0.02721455506980419,
0.11205876618623734,
-0.018642565235495567,
0.00024037018010858446,
0.03641139343380928,
-0.004348819609731436,
-0.01710904762148857,
-0.022103527560830116,
-0.07048653066158295,
0.006744127720594406,
-0.010814563371241093,
-0.016375858336687088,
0.07438316196203232,
0.009389766491949558,
0.04408353194594383,
0.030287062749266624,
-0.0066118608228862286,
-0.014509465545415878,
-0.003605351084843278,
0.0016148152062669396,
-0.011426429264247417,
0.024595484137535095,
-0.04342275857925415,
-0.01034889742732048,
0.0018866659374907613,
0.011174991726875305,
-0.28979504108428955,
0.04290126636624336,
0.02820047363638878,
0.026899229735136032,
-0.054804231971502304,
-0.028413567692041397,
0.10784438997507095,
-0.023219062015414238,
-0.044975172728300095,
-0.002565226051956415,
-0.040165625512599945,
0.03941045328974724,
0.006072916556149721,
0.046471867710351944,
-0.033711858093738556,
-0.024501072242856026,
-0.014382651075720787,
-0.029675105586647987,
-0.0036461204290390015,
-0.03664418309926987,
0.026517407968640327,
-0.03965668007731438,
0.1690981239080429,
0.0031446798238903284,
-0.0344080850481987,
0.04003826156258583,
0.011072978377342224,
0.001673959195613861,
-0.03626049682497978,
0.030122606083750725,
-0.03850126266479492,
0.042505741119384766,
0.06559727340936661,
-0.05569230765104294,
-0.014114617370069027,
0.03370131924748421,
-0.037072256207466125,
0.009985554963350296,
0.027143368497490883,
0.014691811054944992,
0.03584589064121246,
-0.08125881850719452,
-0.11213520914316177,
-0.014836246147751808,
0.06180758774280548,
-0.053024325519800186,
-0.005147888790816069,
-0.05024317279458046,
-0.014849947765469551,
0.028915170580148697,
-0.026057394221425056,
-0.01221846416592598,
0.03248197212815285,
0.0029819009359925985,
0.03565081208944321,
-0.02344997227191925,
-0.03225066140294075,
-0.001983536407351494,
-0.016969088464975357,
-0.008724747225642204,
0.03372616320848465,
-0.023498136550188065,
0.006718013901263475,
-0.006940685678273439,
0.030826998874545097
] |
PMID:19578
|
The release of plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride haemodialysis tubing.
|
The extent of migration of plasticizer from haemodialysis lines into saline and plasma has been examined and a number of different types of tubing have been compared. A model system designed to simulate in vivo haemodialysis was evolved. The method uses a continuous cyclohexane extraction in order to mimic uptake of plasticizer by body tissues. Although not an ideal system, the results obtained are indicative of the extent to which the plasticizers are leached.
|
The release of plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride haemodialysis tubing. The extent of migration of plasticizer from haemodialysis lines into saline and plasma has been examined and a number of different types of tubing have been compared. A model system designed to simulate in vivo haemodialysis was evolved. The method uses a continuous cyclohexane extraction in order to mimic uptake of plasticizer by body tissues. Although not an ideal system, the results obtained are indicative of the extent to which the plasticizers are leached.
|
[
-0.1172739639878273,
0.002436818554997444,
0.07462406158447266,
-0.018579142168164253,
0.0033414969220757484,
-0.016388846561312675,
0.055681727826595306,
0.022225385531783104,
-0.0589243620634079,
0.03191637247800827,
0.02105218917131424,
-0.050099894404411316,
0.011981422081589699,
-0.01696181111037731,
0.026135044172406197,
0.014226676896214485,
0.011156328022480011,
0.041563309729099274,
-0.05793989449739456,
0.018344983458518982,
0.038725655525922775,
-0.015177484601736069,
-0.028887368738651276,
0.026999151334166527,
0.05385565757751465,
0.016753753647208214,
0.022781824693083763,
0.01817653514444828,
-0.034112874418497086,
-0.19423145055770874,
0.0031422292813658714,
0.0023912752512842417,
-0.03804535046219826,
0.00961189903318882,
-0.03648592531681061,
0.00031695174402557313,
-0.035948242992162704,
0.05600875988602638,
-0.020209942013025284,
0.01483362726867199,
-0.015061993151903152,
0.04113104194402695,
-0.0829816535115242,
0.03822104632854462,
0.013739622198045254,
0.022599926218390465,
0.002559727057814598,
0.05216354876756668,
0.1283208578824997,
-0.02323564700782299,
0.024877961724996567,
0.026163876056671143,
0.026643937453627586,
-0.0015741350362077355,
-0.035773806273937225,
-0.042666833847761154,
0.06646966934204102,
0.0059080468490719795,
-0.013354049995541573,
0.041238028556108475,
0.021572835743427277,
0.033560000360012054,
-0.13194391131401062,
0.07351461052894592,
0.03902607411146164,
0.010482467710971832,
0.0009433900122530758,
-0.029149532318115234,
0.057788070291280746,
0.004203472752124071,
-0.0413990318775177,
0.04005894064903259,
-0.010460122488439083,
0.010893763974308968,
0.048551421612501144,
-0.041875872761011124,
0.002636007498949766,
0.0037575673777610064,
-0.0020957947708666325,
0.06684183329343796,
-0.032805945724248886,
0.015897328034043312,
-0.013057278469204903,
-0.0656234622001648,
-0.022119857370853424,
0.021251559257507324,
-0.0068647186271846294,
-0.019022449851036072,
0.03679601103067398,
0.002936653094366193,
-0.04931167885661125,
0.048270609229803085,
-0.034781426191329956,
0.026391344144940376,
-0.024546578526496887,
0.016141623258590698,
0.02532569132745266,
-0.01517117116600275,
0.029358910396695137,
0.39849117398262024,
-0.03574475646018982,
0.0001724831818137318,
0.03247717767953873,
-0.027352560311555862,
0.007116435095667839,
-0.002918288577347994,
-0.05646166577935219,
-0.017635898664593697,
-0.008645158261060715,
-0.010797005146741867,
0.043822091072797775,
0.031034789979457855,
0.0257326140999794,
-0.05966552346944809,
-0.004269313998520374,
-0.00228440435603261,
-0.03644658997654915,
-0.001834582886658609,
-0.04349619522690773,
0.023108970373868942,
-0.0769910141825676,
-0.0009783721761777997,
0.04885300248861313,
0.004551126156002283,
0.0002504685253370553,
0.0018082719761878252,
0.03812822327017784,
0.04215119779109955,
-0.006946384906768799,
-0.02369040437042713,
-0.0032991787884384394,
-0.01671888679265976,
-0.060959916561841965,
0.0016829747473821044,
0.02436140365898609,
-0.046911925077438354,
0.04225732013583183,
-0.06604044884443283,
0.02138599567115307,
0.03615598753094673,
-0.026844169944524765,
-0.023762792348861694,
-0.017195088788866997,
-0.1100183054804802,
-0.023832369595766068,
0.08135271817445755,
0.03771572187542915,
0.023539599031209946,
-0.04281158000230789,
-0.03165475279092789,
-0.004140445962548256,
0.05339377000927925,
-0.058053262531757355,
-0.0020606904290616512,
0.07572250813245773,
0.02113192155957222,
-0.005354435183107853,
-0.019044658169150352,
0.0015601733466610312,
0.036595068871974945,
-0.049384038895368576,
-0.06542681157588959,
-0.054741084575653076,
0.09710992127656937,
-0.025116119533777237,
-0.023386498913168907,
-0.012073050253093243,
-0.006015894468873739,
0.09813088178634644,
-0.004487928003072739,
-0.018591344356536865,
0.023353975266218185,
-0.0337168350815773,
0.013602059334516525,
-0.04027584567666054,
0.0673503503203392,
-0.0211151335388422,
-0.0799495130777359,
0.05417352169752121,
-0.02672290988266468,
-0.0059513854794204235,
0.026098253205418587,
-0.050110410898923874,
0.042080704122781754,
0.07484517991542816,
-0.0043281204998493195,
-0.05238376185297966,
0.049831002950668335,
-0.006240093614906073,
0.06199660152196884,
0.02408815547823906,
-0.01617681421339512,
-0.017212025821208954,
0.029107362031936646,
-0.013959748670458794,
-0.022448476403951645,
-0.08312507718801498,
-0.017877139151096344,
-0.023244930431246758,
0.0025449206586927176,
0.04563235118985176,
0.016343489289283752,
0.00717722624540329,
0.04812382906675339,
0.024599622935056686,
0.06969453394412994,
0.005245827604085207,
-0.02240382693707943,
0.0690167248249054,
0.06884139776229858,
-0.03925871104001999,
0.02940281294286251,
0.027618298307061195,
-0.018221983686089516,
0.018031073734164238,
0.0050222245045006275,
0.020674319937825203,
-0.037917301058769226,
0.028391685336828232,
-0.027422256767749786,
0.04730677232146263,
0.02273835800588131,
-0.010410596616566181,
-0.2951483130455017,
0.004625309724360704,
0.012174059636890888,
-0.0017600497230887413,
0.0946863517165184,
-0.03820237144827843,
-0.031209848821163177,
-0.04433353990316391,
-0.01204805076122284,
-0.054792772978544235,
0.08276024460792542,
0.031129999086260796,
-0.030692003667354584,
-0.004317695274949074,
-0.006047158967703581,
-0.005780106410384178,
0.043511584401130676,
0.005693548824638128,
-0.03228224441409111,
0.015191574580967426,
0.08164684474468231,
-0.03292079269886017,
-0.061317455023527145,
0.05840142071247101,
0.02415708266198635,
-0.032291658222675323,
0.1158602386713028,
-0.07150758057832718,
0.007550389505922794,
0.01029310841113329,
-0.0018971513491123915,
0.04485781118273735,
-0.030839866027235985,
-0.09823907166719437,
0.0039015531074255705,
-0.03697563707828522,
0.0378875695168972,
-0.01239165011793375,
0.0015459746355190873,
-0.01940901391208172,
-0.05682128667831421,
0.08265875279903412,
-0.02486790344119072,
-0.07717236876487732,
0.006739073898643255,
0.0008925356087274849,
-0.04856881499290466,
0.05531300604343414,
-0.012729121372103691,
-0.005416168365627527,
0.026818837970495224,
0.005228180903941393,
0.022316882386803627,
-0.05972294509410858,
0.04327882453799248,
-0.03568281978368759,
-0.018901748582720757,
0.01930629089474678,
-0.08574895560741425,
-0.04166256636381149,
-0.004654832184314728,
0.026824891567230225,
0.07841726392507553,
0.004510581027716398,
-0.008691366761922836,
0.011294839903712273,
0.019390424713492393,
-0.010451901704072952,
0.07971366494894028,
0.016295019537210464,
-0.03831996023654938,
0.10186158865690231,
-0.03500642254948616,
0.05715182423591614,
-0.0018194017466157675,
0.04460104927420616,
-0.08794398605823517,
0.0007030023261904716,
-0.04938685894012451,
-0.024358078837394714,
0.014750111848115921,
0.014524148777127266,
0.029905876144766808,
-0.010314944200217724,
-0.0017094644717872143,
0.03579225763678551,
-0.05858016386628151,
-0.03086075559258461,
-0.006762235425412655,
0.004931400530040264,
0.006060795858502388,
0.017662622034549713,
-0.10424754023551941,
0.021540407091379166,
-0.0015235731843858957,
0.02188193053007126,
-0.2898470461368561,
-0.007819428108632565,
0.06658513098955154,
0.08839400112628937,
-0.05639486014842987,
-0.0402798093855381,
0.007784989662468433,
-0.013826473616063595,
0.07910751551389694,
0.004638576414436102,
-0.04340744763612747,
0.026743486523628235,
0.0069043515250086784,
0.03772268444299698,
0.013117121532559395,
0.044291991740465164,
0.04459958150982857,
-0.009800036437809467,
-0.07251758873462677,
-0.020963016897439957,
-0.014144239947199821,
-0.05563945323228836,
0.12602925300598145,
-0.024974863976240158,
-0.02522226609289646,
-0.03691244497895241,
-0.028764517977833748,
-0.0252983495593071,
-0.035821691155433655,
-0.002140898024663329,
-0.058535199612379074,
0.05298049747943878,
0.057808972895145416,
-0.0010626299772411585,
0.039551861584186554,
-0.037375643849372864,
-0.005791288800537586,
-0.0002793442690744996,
-0.011241979897022247,
-0.010725979693233967,
-0.01829899102449417,
-0.022270813584327698,
-0.04318000376224518,
-0.01598607935011387,
0.021411331370472908,
0.02001095749437809,
-0.01941889524459839,
-0.058316703885793686,
0.03880178928375244,
-0.006516440771520138,
-0.045568373054265976,
-0.029100144281983376,
0.026266666129231453,
-0.00758707569912076,
0.03270605579018593,
0.01436859555542469,
0.047146156430244446,
-0.033739443868398666,
0.012719593942165375,
0.011510459706187248,
0.027035674080252647,
0.0023681162856519222,
-0.035210784524679184,
0.059809282422065735,
0.028163384646177292
] |
PMID:19579
|
The effect of tris buffers on rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase.
|
The effect of tris buffers upon the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. Tris buffer was shown to inhibit MAO in a non-competitive manner with a Ki of 15-25 mM. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenethylamine but not benzylamine oxidations were all inhibited by tris buffer. All inhibitions, except that of 5-HT, were completely reversible. It is suggested that these effects are produced by conformational changes in the structure of the MAO. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to the use of tris buffers in the extraction and estimation of the activity of MAO.
|
The effect of tris buffers on rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. The effect of tris buffers upon the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. Tris buffer was shown to inhibit MAO in a non-competitive manner with a Ki of 15-25 mM. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenethylamine but not benzylamine oxidations were all inhibited by tris buffer. All inhibitions, except that of 5-HT, were completely reversible. It is suggested that these effects are produced by conformational changes in the structure of the MAO. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to the use of tris buffers in the extraction and estimation of the activity of MAO.
|
[
-0.051216572523117065,
0.05588459596037865,
-0.022669490426778793,
0.06657662987709045,
0.004243946168571711,
-0.0249287411570549,
0.08521097153425217,
0.032549504190683365,
-0.020888160914182663,
-0.04309400916099548,
0.01366750430315733,
-0.04658573865890503,
0.017008787021040916,
0.06384941935539246,
-0.03275907412171364,
-0.0005717879394069314,
0.03554398566484451,
-0.0079292431473732,
-0.02772963047027588,
-0.04850665107369423,
0.006216120906174183,
-0.014483436942100525,
0.035394277423620224,
-0.010861597023904324,
-0.013852065429091454,
-0.0029543880373239517,
-0.0004742548044305295,
-0.044669199734926224,
-0.0060068657621741295,
-0.18970586359500885,
0.0479024313390255,
-0.041452161967754364,
-0.03227349370718002,
-0.03790250048041344,
-0.01913287118077278,
0.022331982851028442,
-0.008799511007964611,
0.03006787598133087,
-0.021447092294692993,
0.019361095502972603,
0.023366734385490417,
0.044667888432741165,
-0.02794504724442959,
0.04019788280129433,
-0.01671532355248928,
0.007618800271302462,
-0.044836077839136124,
-0.011208988726139069,
0.07129649817943573,
-0.006150845438241959,
-0.007306014187633991,
0.03482121601700783,
0.08777710050344467,
-0.018422026187181473,
-0.007046388927847147,
0.03181708604097366,
0.02249227836728096,
0.12081056833267212,
-0.09923718124628067,
0.043713368475437164,
0.046765659004449844,
0.008170895278453827,
-0.14901049435138702,
0.05652061104774475,
0.10992156714200974,
-0.030475031584501266,
-0.023727359250187874,
0.006100558675825596,
0.08231893181800842,
0.05483467876911163,
-0.12957678735256195,
0.02897501364350319,
0.015346969477832317,
-0.02022877149283886,
0.006396925076842308,
0.01597513072192669,
0.02952343225479126,
-0.0628952607512474,
-0.017440272495150566,
-0.02818148396909237,
-0.03673291951417923,
-0.023044779896736145,
0.01187480241060257,
-0.04223689064383507,
0.002990514738485217,
0.03616601228713989,
-0.03913695365190506,
-0.005859480705112219,
-0.02217179350554943,
-0.028799498453736305,
-0.03808687627315521,
-0.047420207411050797,
0.02160927653312683,
-0.018857579678297043,
-0.07852458208799362,
-0.012044648639857769,
0.04574596509337425,
-0.011361779645085335,
0.00828587543219328,
0.399666965007782,
0.007014066446572542,
0.05401436612010002,
-0.037331171333789825,
-0.05968385562300682,
-0.015066614374518394,
-0.03696948289871216,
-0.0631682276725769,
-0.060325704514980316,
-0.009323354810476303,
0.06785247474908829,
0.02766312099993229,
0.03246306627988815,
-0.014366384595632553,
-0.05435456708073616,
-0.009997284039855003,
-0.0026822788640856743,
0.05987761914730072,
-0.0017423650715500116,
-0.0026849848218262196,
0.06642557680606842,
-0.04848344996571541,
0.024029364809393883,
0.04266311973333359,
-0.007990817539393902,
-0.01616547256708145,
-0.0111745186150074,
0.0007837816374376416,
0.07123786211013794,
0.05519574508070946,
-0.004448942374438047,
0.02494898997247219,
-0.01682046614587307,
0.003645659424364567,
-0.017126217484474182,
0.015264919027686119,
-0.001808810862712562,
0.004877742845565081,
-0.001793822506442666,
0.04702826589345932,
-0.003578157164156437,
0.00663529010489583,
-0.07352480292320251,
0.023420600220561028,
-0.03992585465312004,
-0.03816579654812813,
0.0666523203253746,
0.030435828492045403,
-0.017724251374602318,
-0.02160095050930977,
0.00531670730561018,
-0.014682648703455925,
0.06976500898599625,
-0.017505286261439323,
0.041502367705106735,
-0.040569379925727844,
-0.007406651973724365,
-0.04441480338573456,
-0.008370551280677319,
0.01604883186519146,
0.0013291824143379927,
-0.088950976729393,
-0.013039136305451393,
-0.014690432697534561,
0.08500832319259644,
0.061279598623514175,
-0.03077971562743187,
-0.007139975670725107,
-0.0053214686922729015,
0.026130566373467445,
-0.03824964165687561,
-0.009218703955411911,
0.009022226557135582,
-0.057942554354667664,
0.009039866738021374,
-0.06868952512741089,
-0.007229976821690798,
0.01883932203054428,
0.052175842225551605,
0.02185656689107418,
-0.025643352419137955,
0.008061742410063744,
-0.013520591892302036,
-0.00626866752281785,
0.018214095383882523,
-0.0021734503097832203,
0.01030868198722601,
-0.04772021248936653,
0.005662334617227316,
0.01750643365085125,
0.04448747634887695,
-0.02255999855697155,
0.00841518584638834,
-0.09495809674263,
0.021532399579882622,
-0.028464794158935547,
-0.041375238448381424,
-0.049044836312532425,
0.010271819308400154,
0.010602460242807865,
-0.020136019214987755,
0.09334765374660492,
-0.019729437306523323,
0.013502005487680435,
0.05792999640107155,
0.06202754005789757,
0.014729155227541924,
-0.01688660867512226,
-0.0310190599411726,
0.05865383893251419,
0.009891508147120476,
-0.020597955211997032,
0.008577940985560417,
0.01772504299879074,
0.0017495595384389162,
-0.050005726516246796,
0.04966863989830017,
0.04937868192791939,
-0.005539515055716038,
0.038968004286289215,
0.03428944945335388,
0.010756559669971466,
-0.03351195529103279,
-0.07640890777111053,
-0.279577374458313,
-0.0548144094645977,
0.004615827463567257,
-0.0007005617953836918,
0.023542514070868492,
-0.0943460464477539,
0.012922493740916252,
-0.04247278347611427,
0.014298176392912865,
0.016643226146697998,
0.00793132372200489,
0.06353643536567688,
-0.02058260329067707,
-0.02807384356856346,
0.010134641081094742,
0.047673407942056656,
-0.011955753900110722,
-0.00835583359003067,
0.014203161001205444,
0.03529318422079086,
0.07257091253995895,
0.022122684866189957,
0.020382113754749298,
-0.03544976934790611,
0.06321612745523453,
0.0049295867793262005,
0.13165396451950073,
0.0020465014968067408,
-0.04088014364242554,
-0.02757032960653305,
-0.004040344152599573,
0.007894184440374374,
-0.038481295108795166,
-0.12913866341114044,
-0.03010495752096176,
-0.024461999535560608,
-0.013346998021006584,
-0.0331835113465786,
-0.006586755160242319,
-0.0013963950332254171,
-0.061681900173425674,
0.028653282672166824,
0.023337677121162415,
-0.09425803273916245,
-0.08740584552288055,
0.011402535252273083,
0.012959761545062065,
-0.038904059678316116,
0.02123408392071724,
-0.036267198622226715,
0.04628156125545502,
0.058487869799137115,
0.01408880203962326,
-0.034864962100982666,
0.016135159879922867,
0.007593501824885607,
-0.029569096863269806,
0.03523426875472069,
-0.04148383066058159,
-0.05357011780142784,
-0.07835831493139267,
-0.011051567271351814,
0.02010406367480755,
0.03783934563398361,
-0.009465296752750874,
0.008075566031038761,
0.03085293062031269,
-0.061235155910253525,
0.08010547608137131,
0.03192546218633652,
0.038502421230077744,
0.1320040374994278,
-0.013882702216506004,
0.052796948701143265,
0.0001537331409053877,
-0.011449778452515602,
-0.0458875373005867,
-0.04250441491603851,
-0.03928820416331291,
0.06665673851966858,
-0.0029957308433949947,
-0.03782651573419571,
0.05813205614686012,
0.008681175298988819,
0.010006487369537354,
0.008904236368834972,
-0.00825310219079256,
-0.013636904768645763,
0.03433893993496895,
-0.017404090613126755,
0.047360967844724655,
0.030256399884819984,
-0.009529728442430496,
-0.011302451603114605,
0.05720414221286774,
0.049647290259599686,
-0.2805591821670532,
-0.024203374981880188,
-0.009743248112499714,
-0.024858634918928146,
0.00346016651019454,
0.017007723450660706,
0.008983704261481762,
-0.027659928426146507,
-0.03262106329202652,
0.050638873130083084,
-0.022639906033873558,
0.0665462538599968,
0.03884956240653992,
0.009268070571124554,
0.002926293294876814,
0.009781156666576862,
-0.03043394349515438,
-0.0036756761837750673,
-0.016730373725295067,
-0.019404640421271324,
0.0009370489860884845,
-0.026530377566814423,
0.1507790982723236,
0.051150672137737274,
-0.011535368859767914,
0.07204610854387283,
-0.011956324800848961,
0.039246007800102234,
-0.02673685923218727,
0.012539614923298359,
-0.03322313353419304,
-0.01852458529174328,
0.040839262306690216,
-0.04159043729305267,
0.03689587116241455,
0.01532526034861803,
-0.059280384331941605,
0.0015052114613354206,
0.00016226133448071778,
0.015439537353813648,
0.018605303019285202,
0.028682075440883636,
-0.06032026186585426,
-0.015631210058927536,
0.046005990356206894,
-0.05829238519072533,
-0.03170888498425484,
-0.022739531472325325,
-0.0076855747029185295,
0.03179316222667694,
-0.008971983566880226,
-0.03813847154378891,
-0.01754162833094597,
0.04752431437373161,
-0.01687791384756565,
0.04541312903165817,
-0.0519869290292263,
0.01011662743985653,
0.035947900265455246,
0.009394561871886253,
-0.004933791700750589,
0.0552070327103138,
-0.018763188272714615,
0.085683673620224,
0.053597111254930496
] |
PMID:19580
|
Metabolic oxidation of aralkyl oximes to nitro compounds by fortified 9000g liver supernatants from various species.
|
Incubation of 'amphetamine oxime' (IIa, anti-benzyl methyl ketoxime) with fortified rabbit liver 9000 g supernatants gave the nitro compound (Ie) and the beta-hydroxylated oxime (IIc) in addition to the previously reported ketone (IIb) and alcohol (Ic) metabolites. Formation of the products was cofactor dependent. The nitro compound was also formed using mouse, hamster and guinea-pig 9000 g liver supernatants and to a minor extent by rat liver. The oximes of 2-phenethylamine (IIe) and norfenfluramine (IIg) were also metabolized to the corresponding nitro compounds, ketones and alcohols with rabbit 9000 g liver supernatants; however, no nitro compound (IIIb) was detected after the incubation of 'mexiletine oxime' (IVa). The metabolic products were identified and characterized by g.l.c., t.l.c. and g.l.c. linked mass spectrometry by comparison with synthetic materials.
|
Metabolic oxidation of aralkyl oximes to nitro compounds by fortified 9000g liver supernatants from various species. Incubation of 'amphetamine oxime' (IIa, anti-benzyl methyl ketoxime) with fortified rabbit liver 9000 g supernatants gave the nitro compound (Ie) and the beta-hydroxylated oxime (IIc) in addition to the previously reported ketone (IIb) and alcohol (Ic) metabolites. Formation of the products was cofactor dependent. The nitro compound was also formed using mouse, hamster and guinea-pig 9000 g liver supernatants and to a minor extent by rat liver. The oximes of 2-phenethylamine (IIe) and norfenfluramine (IIg) were also metabolized to the corresponding nitro compounds, ketones and alcohols with rabbit 9000 g liver supernatants; however, no nitro compound (IIIb) was detected after the incubation of 'mexiletine oxime' (IVa). The metabolic products were identified and characterized by g.l.c., t.l.c. and g.l.c. linked mass spectrometry by comparison with synthetic materials.
|
[
-0.050093166530132294,
-0.0025426626671105623,
-0.023374736309051514,
-0.0532839260995388,
0.07606776058673859,
0.0004870574048254639,
0.0433574803173542,
-0.017652511596679688,
-0.06673749536275864,
-0.014170732349157333,
0.009666187688708305,
-0.06155220791697502,
0.020037975162267685,
0.00993300136178732,
-0.00680567417293787,
0.01761338673532009,
-0.0013217435916885734,
-0.07898709177970886,
-0.017977196723222733,
0.01741628535091877,
0.018491338938474655,
-0.011927786283195019,
0.07266673445701599,
0.04437868669629097,
0.023990320041775703,
0.06434910744428635,
-0.0026921876706182957,
-0.02770223282277584,
-0.03811298683285713,
-0.2032993584871292,
0.05687645822763443,
0.04763924703001976,
-0.008484331890940666,
-0.028023406863212585,
-0.03499750792980194,
0.029457304626703262,
0.04050159826874733,
0.1009078249335289,
-0.010279204696416855,
0.021188929677009583,
0.060980115085840225,
0.01303851418197155,
-0.0011816308833658695,
0.041439276188611984,
0.06783539801836014,
0.019066905602812767,
-0.06074834242463112,
0.029180485755205154,
0.05051124840974808,
-0.041079211980104446,
0.04393317922949791,
-0.014528940431773663,
0.0532568097114563,
0.06526678055524826,
0.052263498306274414,
-0.040464628487825394,
0.017989512532949448,
-0.0010493333684280515,
0.056893739849328995,
0.029974784702062607,
-0.028895780444145203,
0.05177299678325653,
-0.16876120865345,
0.04478637874126434,
0.022545944899320602,
-0.036875393241643906,
-0.018137773498892784,
0.0009278160287067294,
0.02954755537211895,
0.05791432410478592,
-0.01277688518166542,
-0.00421144301071763,
-0.02846747636795044,
-0.04791349172592163,
-0.03192278742790222,
0.018606804311275482,
0.02229476347565651,
-0.031948503106832504,
0.019585924223065376,
-0.006297779269516468,
-0.0016891646664589643,
0.017391448840498924,
0.03673368692398071,
-0.037526484578847885,
0.03519259765744209,
-0.026021011173725128,
-0.029833365231752396,
-0.002361610298976302,
0.045964933931827545,
0.003575846552848816,
-0.024386057630181313,
-0.02110886760056019,
-0.011913370341062546,
-0.07707113027572632,
-0.03470708429813385,
-0.04840690270066261,
-0.0073484377935528755,
-0.009489607065916061,
0.012735052034258842,
0.3400942385196686,
-0.034592192620038986,
0.005115450359880924,
-0.052334412932395935,
-0.02284224145114422,
-0.05937429517507553,
-0.08039285987615585,
-0.0002842836547642946,
0.018517840653657913,
0.03203480318188667,
0.0019873972050845623,
0.05366911739110947,
0.069694384932518,
0.018515780568122864,
-0.09496574848890305,
0.01624368503689766,
0.026127194985747337,
0.046481139957904816,
-0.013259809464216232,
0.0058425297029316425,
0.04601480811834335,
0.013673080131411552,
-0.011588937602937222,
0.0474374033510685,
0.0028631319291889668,
0.013473176397383213,
0.01319805532693863,
-0.037671223282814026,
0.040533728897571564,
0.008395693264901638,
-0.0001850755070336163,
-0.016399720683693886,
0.026466578245162964,
0.006148849613964558,
-0.032222095876932144,
-0.04963748902082443,
0.0010687955655157566,
0.013068712316453457,
-0.0004089941212441772,
0.028533784672617912,
-0.0399768091738224,
-0.06432679295539856,
-0.051410142332315445,
-0.016978470608592033,
-0.055832475423812866,
-0.05174268037080765,
0.10796716809272766,
0.05713000148534775,
-0.02279048040509224,
-0.046096399426460266,
-0.016133002936840057,
0.0273795984685421,
0.028014227747917175,
-0.07278583943843842,
0.03523188456892967,
-0.03879617899656296,
0.013566875830292702,
0.005361954681575298,
0.01714126020669937,
0.0004586151335388422,
-0.008581241592764854,
-0.0830882340669632,
-0.03894248232245445,
-0.015031659975647926,
0.11482863128185272,
-0.01687004417181015,
-0.07547345757484436,
-0.007221449166536331,
0.03744037076830864,
0.03382555767893791,
0.01754128187894821,
0.035255707800388336,
-0.050430938601493835,
0.013838203623890877,
0.0019984040409326553,
-0.025446826592087746,
0.021458055824041367,
0.04737292230129242,
0.06653272360563278,
0.006593089550733566,
-0.0057732174172997475,
0.02877916395664215,
-0.011309178546071053,
-0.01084549818187952,
0.03678935393691063,
0.013429270125925541,
-0.030853576958179474,
-0.05207698792219162,
-0.05695581063628197,
0.012727708555758,
0.007336778100579977,
-0.05556120350956917,
0.030318502336740494,
-0.11427679657936096,
0.04835055395960808,
-0.0112506914883852,
-0.0015503214672207832,
-0.010905866511166096,
0.05982207506895065,
0.03258480876684189,
-0.08313048630952835,
0.09648073464632034,
0.03026709519326687,
0.030378378927707672,
0.0784204974770546,
0.07064777612686157,
0.001748975133523345,
0.017272336408495903,
-0.04297308251261711,
0.021187279373407364,
-0.022847749292850494,
-0.0526018962264061,
-0.032256077975034714,
-0.02153586782515049,
0.016251223161816597,
-0.04907460883259773,
0.010573274455964565,
-0.006504013203084469,
-0.017122188583016396,
0.024625925347208977,
0.003919990733265877,
0.051139961928129196,
-0.06717183440923691,
-0.05224481225013733,
-0.2782595455646515,
-0.014582042582333088,
0.034143488854169846,
-0.0012134109856560826,
0.0032959706149995327,
-0.02969300001859665,
0.003187862690538168,
-0.050159089267253876,
0.0015260622603818774,
-0.005485209170728922,
0.02149169147014618,
0.05972236767411232,
0.00860058143734932,
0.0007017564494162798,
-0.012009628117084503,
0.029268931597471237,
0.006648687180131674,
-0.020237570628523827,
0.05998464301228523,
-0.004118356853723526,
0.005874035879969597,
-0.006578448694199324,
-0.0044671823270618916,
0.01850414276123047,
0.06022535637021065,
-0.02608325146138668,
0.1495542973279953,
0.026661526411771774,
0.014902925118803978,
0.011763070710003376,
0.0006801392300985754,
0.02493775263428688,
-0.06352906674146652,
-0.0815500020980835,
-0.027144595980644226,
-0.06819472461938858,
0.04544604942202568,
-0.05273419991135597,
0.021656114608049393,
-0.004093799274414778,
-0.011412062682211399,
-0.017000194638967514,
-0.021764656528830528,
-0.11720617115497589,
-0.06841664761304855,
-0.008085686713457108,
-0.01879294402897358,
-0.043582260608673096,
0.009545651264488697,
-0.01661357283592224,
0.1066119372844696,
0.06146201118826866,
0.015988238155841827,
-0.04224606603384018,
0.015358895063400269,
-0.010387210175395012,
-0.07801537215709686,
-0.03119436651468277,
-0.02465769276022911,
-0.04199022427201271,
-0.02347240038216114,
-0.01703108660876751,
0.024865424260497093,
0.00571128074079752,
0.009922177530825138,
-0.033268656581640244,
0.02233671210706234,
-0.009280718863010406,
0.006707131862640381,
0.02486066333949566,
0.03973148763179779,
0.12445221841335297,
-0.0350009985268116,
0.003930411767214537,
0.0722208097577095,
0.05172267556190491,
-0.010117844678461552,
-0.015728257596492767,
-0.04311724007129669,
0.04622431844472885,
-0.04937462508678436,
0.03466107323765755,
0.04232954978942871,
0.04188556969165802,
-0.01250764261931181,
0.004353235010057688,
-0.024848410859704018,
0.013998331502079964,
0.06446376442909241,
0.020711781457066536,
0.03750865161418915,
0.0452166385948658,
-0.01236727274954319,
-0.06136085465550423,
0.03307424485683441,
0.029142437502741814,
-0.26081177592277527,
-0.02904670685529709,
0.03833380714058876,
0.020908433943986893,
0.010356135666370392,
-0.03185921534895897,
-0.008073901757597923,
-0.03995996341109276,
-0.04687420278787613,
0.01929653063416481,
0.008635335601866245,
0.016374696046113968,
0.04650801792740822,
0.03521832451224327,
0.05385538190603256,
0.03758656606078148,
0.034075893461704254,
0.01665467582643032,
0.008946782909333706,
-0.03957035392522812,
-0.01897207275032997,
0.00425428943708539,
0.16779206693172455,
0.02310016378760338,
-0.03571654111146927,
0.02009207010269165,
-0.06121710687875748,
0.043021149933338165,
-0.004487734753638506,
0.03445101156830788,
-0.03399352356791496,
0.027214309200644493,
0.10677237808704376,
-0.049803026020526886,
0.025560937821865082,
0.0013957669725641608,
-0.05549187958240509,
0.017896044999361038,
-0.033067893236875534,
0.024627160280942917,
-0.029897216707468033,
0.0007859625038690865,
-0.09396705776453018,
0.0057970150373876095,
0.0654984638094902,
-0.06764515489339828,
-0.09728630632162094,
-0.07315576821565628,
0.029583457857370377,
-0.01804126240313053,
-0.07486271113157272,
-0.01989433728158474,
0.0128526221960783,
0.0455269031226635,
0.028614457696676254,
-0.0077345650643110275,
0.02382800541818142,
0.014236739836633205,
-0.004377726931124926,
-0.006969881244003773,
-0.07298102229833603,
0.04838218912482262,
-0.0262087881565094,
0.0885891318321228,
0.021773772314190865
] |
PMID:19581
|
Dopamine receptors in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens; conformational studies using rigid analogues of dopamine.
|
A study was made of the actions of dopamine and of some 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. The compounds were also tested for their ability to stimulate motor activity following bilateral injection into the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats. The most active compounds on adenylate cyclase from both striatum and nucleus accumbens were dopamine and 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene(6,7-diOHATN). The 5,6-dihydroxy analogue (5,6-diOHATN) was 50 times less active than 6,7-diOHATN in striatal homogenates and 350 times less active in homogenates of nucleus accumbens. All dihydroxy compounds tested were active in causing stimulation of motor activity, the most active compounds being 6,7-and5,6diOHATN. Both dimethoxy derivatives tested were inactive on the adenylate cyclase and as locomotor stimulants.
|
Dopamine receptors in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens; conformational studies using rigid analogues of dopamine. A study was made of the actions of dopamine and of some 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. The compounds were also tested for their ability to stimulate motor activity following bilateral injection into the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats. The most active compounds on adenylate cyclase from both striatum and nucleus accumbens were dopamine and 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene(6,7-diOHATN). The 5,6-dihydroxy analogue (5,6-diOHATN) was 50 times less active than 6,7-diOHATN in striatal homogenates and 350 times less active in homogenates of nucleus accumbens. All dihydroxy compounds tested were active in causing stimulation of motor activity, the most active compounds being 6,7-and5,6diOHATN. Both dimethoxy derivatives tested were inactive on the adenylate cyclase and as locomotor stimulants.
|
[
-0.03086824156343937,
-0.021564552560448647,
-0.03673701733350754,
0.018721289932727814,
-0.039141517132520676,
0.03337293118238449,
0.05516057834029198,
0.008499618619680405,
-0.03624129667878151,
-0.03221192583441734,
0.04262417182326317,
-0.04401817172765732,
-0.04099603742361069,
0.022008487954735756,
-0.020138049498200417,
0.013111378997564316,
0.010655687190592289,
-0.026600519195199013,
0.022943165153265,
-0.014222397468984127,
-0.03583196550607681,
-0.008745328523218632,
0.049710553139448166,
-0.010935377329587936,
-0.04438699781894684,
0.015331100672483444,
-0.052930187433958054,
-0.027823634445667267,
-0.0700669214129448,
-0.15951739251613617,
0.030701858922839165,
0.027865439653396606,
0.015134631656110287,
-0.061919547617435455,
-0.0249645859003067,
-0.019606465473771095,
-0.03518842160701752,
0.04672027751803398,
0.0008957696263678372,
-0.0028150586877018213,
0.039287909865379333,
0.008819946087896824,
-0.03394526243209839,
0.007688568439334631,
0.00390852615237236,
0.016855590045452118,
-0.057785723358392715,
-0.04209316521883011,
0.0887092649936676,
-0.008935855701565742,
0.013366668485105038,
-0.015915684401988983,
0.011064853519201279,
0.019726108759641647,
0.03195697069168091,
-0.013349680230021477,
-0.001140112173743546,
0.052103087306022644,
-0.03458176180720329,
-0.001172560383565724,
-0.014927509240806103,
0.05709211155772209,
-0.1203523650765419,
0.05804973468184471,
0.03619363158941269,
-0.03527919203042984,
-0.047357093542814255,
-0.05314856022596359,
0.008285441435873508,
0.07336493581533432,
-0.049901023507118225,
0.00296097993850708,
0.024585187435150146,
-0.024403579533100128,
0.030025452375411987,
-0.04416707903146744,
-0.02122540771961212,
-0.041900038719177246,
0.05423172190785408,
-0.052310265600681305,
0.017773739993572235,
-0.0058813816867768764,
0.026049599051475525,
-0.016957946121692657,
-0.027991676703095436,
-0.027963105589151382,
0.02358386665582657,
-0.037214361131191254,
-0.014529010280966759,
-0.004366299603134394,
-0.06301844865083694,
0.006211318075656891,
0.031053762882947922,
-0.04472724348306656,
-0.08627527207136154,
0.02919331006705761,
0.0792221799492836,
-0.009234304539859295,
0.0221126526594162,
0.33081111311912537,
-0.010013207793235779,
0.052926138043403625,
-0.1097806766629219,
0.014172040857374668,
-0.057609740644693375,
0.00657179718837142,
-0.043374203145504,
-0.010031910613179207,
-0.04515114799141884,
0.04261557385325432,
0.08111485838890076,
0.005415827035903931,
0.07738883048295975,
-0.03536105528473854,
-0.02251223847270012,
-0.060492292046546936,
0.02830931730568409,
0.039723727852106094,
0.03130273148417473,
-0.021956972777843475,
-0.012975078076124191,
0.037443857640028,
0.08784618973731995,
-0.010218774899840355,
-0.001890332903712988,
-0.02601444348692894,
-0.0367528460919857,
0.09173834323883057,
0.06406047195196152,
0.005502175539731979,
0.01980125717818737,
0.012509439140558243,
0.024300716817378998,
0.03788479417562485,
0.06970375776290894,
0.01313834823668003,
0.04525989294052124,
-0.029369955882430077,
0.001329831313341856,
0.007735055405646563,
-0.04004295915365219,
-0.032574575394392014,
0.013791142962872982,
-0.07686623930931091,
-0.033022843301296234,
0.053167279809713364,
0.011023995466530323,
-0.022583654150366783,
-0.03778195008635521,
0.05697718262672424,
0.05503104627132416,
0.09936480224132538,
-0.046326879411935806,
0.02679363265633583,
-0.05033114552497864,
0.054424628615379333,
-0.00962095893919468,
-0.029897719621658325,
0.021674320101737976,
-0.02868608944118023,
-0.09537723660469055,
-0.013403362594544888,
-0.01781816966831684,
0.07717624306678772,
0.04138898104429245,
-0.006562517955899239,
-0.08694208413362503,
0.015614506788551807,
-0.0020795546006411314,
0.0018779269885271788,
0.002151183784008026,
0.009156289510428905,
-0.027936255559325218,
-0.011490102857351303,
-0.028281373903155327,
0.009372172877192497,
0.04618501663208008,
0.05362527072429657,
0.05318062752485275,
-0.043447066098451614,
0.03149638697504997,
-0.05148221552371979,
-0.009123953990638256,
0.0007653123466297984,
0.018663492053747177,
0.07241644710302353,
-0.019535019993782043,
0.01907256245613098,
0.023287467658519745,
-0.010165230371057987,
-0.014069820754230022,
-0.013240518048405647,
-0.07126609236001968,
0.010078661143779755,
-0.05166010931134224,
-0.062193214893341064,
-0.04608984664082527,
0.009323683567345142,
0.06518121063709259,
0.026460016146302223,
0.07717273384332657,
0.04669392853975296,
0.015475400723516941,
0.0766521468758583,
0.0192080307751894,
0.01118453498929739,
-0.040072206407785416,
0.01916540041565895,
0.06350002437829971,
-0.042326539754867554,
-0.04950857162475586,
0.03027312085032463,
0.0061306701973080635,
-0.02604866586625576,
-0.020610874518752098,
0.028001859784126282,
-0.01969137415289879,
0.004616706166416407,
0.03260448947548866,
-0.0055290875025093555,
0.01568792574107647,
-0.08643005788326263,
0.01108924113214016,
-0.3100193440914154,
-0.0560285821557045,
0.03608589619398117,
0.025402650237083435,
0.04575903341174126,
-0.037567105144262314,
0.006650225259363651,
-0.06466864049434662,
0.009287250228226185,
-0.049981601536273956,
-0.03554556891322136,
0.042287833988666534,
-0.009714593179523945,
-0.04496730491518974,
0.0014606069307774305,
0.0844445526599884,
-0.007651908323168755,
-0.0030956286936998367,
0.017847545444965363,
0.0034484793432056904,
0.013452240265905857,
0.001678349683061242,
-0.04155375808477402,
0.012775683775544167,
0.0744440034031868,
-0.04048702493309975,
0.1423124372959137,
0.04565340280532837,
0.0065827928483486176,
0.05867861211299896,
-0.015441342256963253,
0.06511273980140686,
-0.04247915372252464,
-0.07405361533164978,
-0.0024898662231862545,
-0.029220251366496086,
-0.022700946778059006,
-0.04176878184080124,
0.041590508073568344,
0.0030638885218650103,
-0.04379923269152641,
0.04188147559762001,
0.014954437501728535,
-0.05446638911962509,
-0.05694872885942459,
0.029384233057498932,
-0.004623461980372667,
0.021530386060476303,
0.004926877561956644,
-0.05794806778430939,
0.009678062982857227,
0.04852451756596565,
0.01635785400867462,
-0.01989012584090233,
-0.04137333855032921,
-0.0018791734473779798,
-0.03670857474207878,
-0.004753706976771355,
-0.034957434982061386,
-0.011087480001151562,
-0.0165603905916214,
-0.028952643275260925,
-0.02661963738501072,
-0.007482811342924833,
-0.014198563061654568,
0.020656144246459007,
-0.04696398973464966,
-0.0633440613746643,
0.09728603810071945,
0.07730573415756226,
0.04154909774661064,
0.11559320241212845,
-0.014879078604280949,
0.057113680988550186,
0.066151924431324,
0.006869282573461533,
-0.060210805386304855,
-0.022137276828289032,
-0.03749715909361839,
0.048808395862579346,
-0.08343677222728729,
0.005670101381838322,
0.01923741027712822,
0.05119215324521065,
-0.04383011534810066,
-0.03755941987037659,
0.0278670322149992,
-0.04501207172870636,
0.09059309214353561,
0.017098253592848778,
0.02983582578599453,
0.04509972408413887,
0.0342782661318779,
-0.06598994880914688,
0.04757028445601463,
0.06609087437391281,
-0.2771787643432617,
-0.00431137066334486,
0.014214535243809223,
0.0020490551833063364,
-0.019587302580475807,
0.004766277503222227,
0.03119461052119732,
-0.010954247787594795,
-0.0256738793104887,
-0.05320451781153679,
0.05115736648440361,
0.06190614774823189,
0.05837804079055786,
0.04369605332612991,
-0.03461098298430443,
-0.018814755603671074,
0.07529538869857788,
0.015548310242593288,
-0.001802688930183649,
-0.006614187732338905,
0.009566753171384335,
-0.020760428160429,
0.1659078150987625,
-0.012431178241968155,
0.0023259050212800503,
0.036908525973558426,
-0.010553606785833836,
-0.02534298039972782,
-0.018292123451828957,
-0.019496019929647446,
-0.03713689371943474,
-0.002879488980397582,
0.08723237365484238,
-0.03355810046195984,
0.03284047916531563,
0.03440740704536438,
-0.07233300060033798,
0.02334790863096714,
0.017495015636086464,
-0.03222319111227989,
-0.04517650231719017,
-0.00610241899266839,
-0.11731328070163727,
-0.011518048122525215,
0.05151795968413353,
-0.05146627873182297,
-0.0352194607257843,
-0.023185012862086296,
-0.0196110550314188,
0.03521358221769333,
0.02706138789653778,
0.007427343167364597,
-0.015812892466783524,
0.03216409683227539,
0.00668371794745326,
-0.0021439315751194954,
-0.033148739486932755,
-0.018310546875,
0.01911528781056404,
-0.005635763518512249,
-0.011221586726605892,
0.03635116666555405,
0.036769624799489975,
0.07603724300861359,
0.12008995562791824
] |
PMID:19582
|
The effects of diethylcarbamazine citrate on smooth muscle.
|
The effect of the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) was examined on the guinea-pig isolated ileum, rabbit duodenum, chick oesophagus, rat portal vein and pig coronary artery. DECC contracted all the gastrointestinal smooth muscle preparations. The contractions were antagonized by hexamethonium and atropine but they were not affected by mepyramine or methysergide in concentrations that abolished, or markedly reduced, responses to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. DECC inhibited the responses of the guinea-pig ileum to other spasmogens, namely, acetylcholine, histamine and nicotine. Physostigmine markedly potentiated the responses of the chick oesophagus and the rabbit duodenum to DECC. DECC relaxed the potassium chloride-induced contractions of the pig coronary artery strips; these relaxations were not modified by propranolol or calcium chloride. There was no evidence that DECC released histamine from skin or muscle.
|
The effects of diethylcarbamazine citrate on smooth muscle. The effect of the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) was examined on the guinea-pig isolated ileum, rabbit duodenum, chick oesophagus, rat portal vein and pig coronary artery. DECC contracted all the gastrointestinal smooth muscle preparations. The contractions were antagonized by hexamethonium and atropine but they were not affected by mepyramine or methysergide in concentrations that abolished, or markedly reduced, responses to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. DECC inhibited the responses of the guinea-pig ileum to other spasmogens, namely, acetylcholine, histamine and nicotine. Physostigmine markedly potentiated the responses of the chick oesophagus and the rabbit duodenum to DECC. DECC relaxed the potassium chloride-induced contractions of the pig coronary artery strips; these relaxations were not modified by propranolol or calcium chloride. There was no evidence that DECC released histamine from skin or muscle.
|
[
-0.046502210199832916,
0.010463140904903412,
0.02871674858033657,
0.06305413693189621,
0.018114807084202766,
-0.020905207842588425,
0.0690956860780716,
0.049321629106998444,
-0.0733405202627182,
-0.03665328398346901,
0.034701112657785416,
-0.06425624340772629,
0.027747683227062225,
-0.029791932553052902,
-0.0033125162590295076,
-0.06050729379057884,
0.03194214776158333,
0.008969467133283615,
-0.057264458388090134,
0.025642558932304382,
-0.07106538861989975,
0.04177286848425865,
0.012164760380983353,
0.000176247616764158,
0.02011774480342865,
-0.01661745272576809,
0.0211877953261137,
-0.037913646548986435,
-0.09609430283308029,
-0.20010335743427277,
-0.012298202142119408,
-0.024323856458067894,
0.02962617389857769,
0.006602027919143438,
0.04905425012111664,
0.014897782355546951,
0.0004448049876373261,
0.003392791375517845,
0.0028164261020720005,
0.032370425760746,
0.01635318621993065,
0.055782582610845566,
0.017376989126205444,
0.05986833944916725,
0.01652156002819538,
0.024389827623963356,
0.03940902650356293,
0.0026886933483183384,
0.11229103058576584,
-0.01264515332877636,
0.01063399575650692,
-0.03862442076206207,
0.023721542209386826,
0.05530647188425064,
-0.031038720160722733,
-0.003935004584491253,
-0.023386768996715546,
0.0379696823656559,
-0.0021222708746790886,
0.007576810196042061,
0.001953110913746059,
0.0017071604961529374,
-0.15163399279117584,
0.045303940773010254,
0.04645243287086487,
0.01013204175978899,
0.01088523119688034,
-0.06440947204828262,
0.04575873538851738,
0.08752328157424927,
-0.059745412319898605,
-0.004312513396143913,
-0.046567823737859726,
-0.008935957215726376,
0.024227842688560486,
-0.07367967069149017,
0.03777299448847771,
-0.0011982072610408068,
-0.004732831846922636,
0.012104077264666557,
-0.0072365570813417435,
0.036492131650447845,
0.016628608107566833,
-0.10893028229475021,
0.04975694417953491,
-0.059646934270858765,
-0.018263908103108406,
-0.017129959538578987,
-0.012130634859204292,
-0.027078136801719666,
0.022371457889676094,
-0.03853680565953255,
-0.029024913907051086,
-0.050657548010349274,
-0.07621239870786667,
0.02411569282412529,
-0.00210959161631763,
-0.0290781632065773,
0.008630686439573765,
0.3467993140220642,
0.03385442495346069,
-0.018375512212514877,
-0.08118607103824615,
-0.01887481100857258,
-0.00000861113949213177,
0.024562690407037735,
0.012240848504006863,
0.007810824550688267,
0.011913963593542576,
0.05346528813242912,
0.05471627786755562,
0.03942527249455452,
0.01327989436686039,
-0.00024145613133441657,
-0.019230077043175697,
0.011023728176951408,
0.05919947475194931,
0.00871727429330349,
-0.053383562713861465,
0.07753504067659378,
0.005641755647957325,
-0.01547383051365614,
0.03478899225592613,
-0.0012463380116969347,
0.04592692479491234,
0.013087576255202293,
-0.06802395731210709,
0.066215381026268,
-0.004456397611647844,
0.016696594655513763,
0.05254161357879639,
0.04400650039315224,
0.018287906423211098,
0.03973504528403282,
0.052195724099874496,
0.005357257090508938,
0.05294067785143852,
-0.03837078437209129,
0.013057355768978596,
-0.04464711993932724,
-0.03416374698281288,
-0.07885599881410599,
-0.05587269365787506,
-0.08156856149435043,
-0.07585594803094864,
0.04179259389638901,
0.0664513036608696,
-0.01003007311373949,
-0.025356024503707886,
0.023504167795181274,
-0.01652337983250618,
0.04316939413547516,
0.05837775766849518,
0.060048993676900864,
-0.006813414860516787,
0.0463898703455925,
0.007044208236038685,
-0.028989382088184357,
0.012306373566389084,
-0.027230197563767433,
-0.038970209658145905,
-0.08329737186431885,
0.004914350342005491,
0.06810291856527328,
-0.015332862734794617,
0.014945299364626408,
-0.04497355967760086,
0.00734039256349206,
0.004704353865236044,
0.01704050786793232,
0.009263233281672001,
0.05296098440885544,
-0.01946382224559784,
-0.06080514192581177,
-0.06929570436477661,
0.017089586704969406,
0.08712100237607956,
-0.01942163147032261,
0.032912738621234894,
-0.014037560671567917,
0.008422049693763256,
0.033957015722990036,
0.019313309341669083,
0.009600966237485409,
0.0029628125485032797,
0.06766296923160553,
-0.10623698681592941,
-0.005368070676922798,
0.041853807866573334,
0.004057694226503372,
0.009249447844922543,
-0.041707538068294525,
-0.07221619784832001,
0.024029243737459183,
0.005065302364528179,
-0.025913618505001068,
-0.029942281544208527,
0.05176439881324768,
-0.05801473557949066,
-0.04491656646132469,
0.09574435651302338,
0.008473151363432407,
0.00891990028321743,
0.04727063328027725,
0.02390783652663231,
0.001040732953697443,
-0.00036347948480397463,
-0.030170992016792297,
0.02275775372982025,
-0.0007182546542026103,
-0.02751559019088745,
0.03168974816799164,
0.022275704890489578,
-0.015876946970820427,
-0.056289192289114,
0.10079137980937958,
-0.023769892752170563,
0.03632616251707077,
0.049847736954689026,
0.023699825629591942,
0.04634010046720505,
0.007273390889167786,
0.018314674496650696,
-0.3222104012966156,
-0.07714451104402542,
0.026755189523100853,
-0.037073612213134766,
0.026036741212010384,
-0.031102238222956657,
0.003392656333744526,
-0.040606774389743805,
-0.009620843455195427,
-0.035163626074790955,
0.05495961010456085,
0.12169619649648666,
-0.06351254880428314,
-0.01624656468629837,
0.04258100688457489,
0.05451136454939842,
-0.002427094615995884,
0.0004133949114475399,
0.029830673709511757,
0.008747766725718975,
0.03430222347378731,
-0.02989131771028042,
-0.07255725562572479,
0.012028219178318977,
0.013703967444598675,
-0.041838228702545166,
0.11237799376249313,
0.01140141487121582,
-0.04082649201154709,
-0.006299799308180809,
0.03082893416285515,
0.02947373501956463,
-0.03821362927556038,
-0.10597552359104156,
-0.036669954657554626,
0.02101239562034607,
0.05304545536637306,
-0.05174076184630394,
0.004863365087658167,
0.0023732283152639866,
-0.023838909342885017,
-0.009006689302623272,
-0.007596305105835199,
-0.031813621520996094,
-0.061414770781993866,
-0.001717990729957819,
-0.01823989674448967,
-0.005411622580140829,
-0.01778303273022175,
-0.0038069691509008408,
0.013282543048262596,
0.031798288226127625,
-0.0019280099077150226,
0.04387807101011276,
0.022698523476719856,
-0.02001594379544258,
-0.04429827257990837,
0.006810599938035011,
-0.0568874254822731,
-0.005586894694715738,
-0.019231919199228287,
0.024463718757033348,
0.04216691106557846,
-0.020300017669796944,
-0.02581554651260376,
0.03704489395022392,
0.007011734880506992,
-0.01625451073050499,
0.04943523928523064,
-0.017560705542564392,
0.03868895396590233,
0.11894021928310394,
-0.012157739140093327,
-0.005371895618736744,
0.06262994557619095,
0.014581502415239811,
0.0011521447449922562,
-0.0011373633751645684,
-0.09263743460178375,
0.011773310601711273,
-0.03635534271597862,
0.020724499598145485,
0.026163442060351372,
0.014949207194149494,
-0.029095802456140518,
-0.035086989402770996,
0.006656115408986807,
-0.046906836330890656,
0.046577952802181244,
-0.022646965458989143,
0.06941550970077515,
-0.004159157630056143,
-0.05090255290269852,
-0.028099969029426575,
0.04222312569618225,
0.05968271940946579,
-0.2370552271604538,
0.023544570431113243,
0.009629125706851482,
0.007251524366438389,
-0.010291196405887604,
0.026477819308638573,
0.06508507579565048,
-0.02815914899110794,
-0.05683370307087898,
-0.02032361552119255,
0.007635411806404591,
0.005500154569745064,
0.008179784752428532,
0.03502006456255913,
-0.0265380647033453,
0.07463382929563522,
0.023516783490777016,
-0.01793072745203972,
0.049944113940000534,
-0.05078089237213135,
-0.011064069345593452,
-0.011881173588335514,
0.1507299542427063,
0.028312886133790016,
-0.04220261424779892,
0.028514808043837547,
-0.0607711561024189,
0.05644749104976654,
0.01875108852982521,
0.06492257118225098,
-0.015668287873268127,
0.04729551821947098,
0.08098745346069336,
-0.02019314281642437,
0.02091045491397381,
-0.00985520426183939,
-0.07230684906244278,
-0.003420245135203004,
-0.000983390142209828,
0.021685030311346054,
-0.03929172083735466,
0.06363625079393387,
-0.051347438246011734,
-0.018280861899256706,
0.007217209320515394,
-0.060052014887332916,
-0.08434733003377914,
-0.053728681057691574,
0.03142065182328224,
0.024512987583875656,
-0.022626491263508797,
-0.07156094908714294,
-0.027158787474036217,
0.010227826423943043,
0.01625053957104683,
-0.04075651988387108,
-0.00040842939051799476,
-0.034486375749111176,
0.014171269722282887,
-0.017823079600930214,
-0.002560799242928624,
-0.07822838425636292,
-0.050971318036317825,
0.05468755587935448,
0.030211804434657097
] |
PMID:19592
|
Interpretation of dissolution rate data from in vitro testing of compressed tablets.
|
To find if theoretically and experimentally a relation existed between the dissolution rate theory of Kitazawa, Johno & others (1975) and that of Wagner (1969), a study was undertaken with uncoated caffeine, aspirin and proxyphylline tablets using two dissolution methods. Although the original treatment for surface area of drug available for dissolution was quite different between the two dissolution theories, the dissolution rate constants obtained were in fair agreement. Hence it might not be always necessary to take into consideration changes in the surface area as a function of dissolution rate, and the 1n W infinity/(W infinity) versus time plot devised by Kitazawa & others might be a useful and simple means of obtaining the dissolution rate constant of an active ingredient from a dosage form such as compressed tablet.
|
Interpretation of dissolution rate data from in vitro testing of compressed tablets. To find if theoretically and experimentally a relation existed between the dissolution rate theory of Kitazawa, Johno & others (1975) and that of Wagner (1969), a study was undertaken with uncoated caffeine, aspirin and proxyphylline tablets using two dissolution methods. Although the original treatment for surface area of drug available for dissolution was quite different between the two dissolution theories, the dissolution rate constants obtained were in fair agreement. Hence it might not be always necessary to take into consideration changes in the surface area as a function of dissolution rate, and the 1n W infinity/(W infinity) versus time plot devised by Kitazawa & others might be a useful and simple means of obtaining the dissolution rate constant of an active ingredient from a dosage form such as compressed tablet.
|
[
-0.056117355823516846,
0.0115802101790905,
0.027275754138827324,
0.005822444800287485,
0.030670257285237312,
-0.02528000995516777,
0.034498024731874466,
0.08261053264141083,
-0.040560733526945114,
-0.0396077036857605,
0.002666656393557787,
-0.016379186883568764,
0.025027066469192505,
0.0593961626291275,
-0.013325933367013931,
0.009514636360108852,
-0.021142808720469475,
-0.07950825989246368,
-0.03467460721731186,
0.0004122008685953915,
0.05936320871114731,
-0.07683774828910828,
0.01778179593384266,
-0.030332645401358604,
0.013487051241099834,
0.04647171124815941,
-0.02521357871592045,
-0.06142440065741539,
-0.004929285030812025,
-0.21274159848690033,
0.0038407635875046253,
-0.0006455730763264,
0.007272006943821907,
-0.03658224269747734,
0.01722225360572338,
0.06618469953536987,
-0.014668121002614498,
0.03333429619669914,
-0.026715479791164398,
0.07431664317846298,
0.021817095577716827,
0.010307308286428452,
-0.027809225022792816,
0.04676602780818939,
-0.0033562714233994484,
-0.018640458583831787,
-0.029137058183550835,
0.04975464567542076,
0.06776285916566849,
0.04739028960466385,
0.04399266466498375,
0.006118640303611755,
0.03298404812812805,
0.007398759014904499,
-0.023163706064224243,
-0.01715262606739998,
-0.01670438051223755,
0.059634335339069366,
-0.002183864125981927,
0.05176881328225136,
0.010372315533459187,
0.024037176743149757,
-0.16569706797599792,
0.014135387726128101,
0.07422155886888504,
-0.019412493333220482,
-0.037887897342443466,
-0.04203969985246658,
0.030035393312573433,
0.08371584862470627,
-0.04370521008968353,
0.03059927187860012,
-0.04763983190059662,
0.005184707697480917,
0.003340246621519327,
-0.022622600197792053,
0.013767683878540993,
0.00653817830607295,
-0.012980598025023937,
-0.0019952000584453344,
0.030926095321774483,
0.035048287361860275,
0.010813629254698753,
-0.07183010876178741,
-0.02189646102488041,
-0.05963879078626633,
0.0623776912689209,
-0.023916341364383698,
0.020286453887820244,
0.02941284328699112,
-0.030656127259135246,
0.00971036497503519,
0.001569249085150659,
-0.008074608631432056,
-0.019448067992925644,
0.005540626589208841,
-0.0281259473413229,
0.07636959105730057,
-0.007971209473907948,
0.3626764118671417,
-0.06209736689925194,
0.0008563916198909283,
-0.07945001125335693,
-0.015491629019379616,
-0.020025426521897316,
-0.010941612534224987,
-0.015325858257710934,
-0.04695013910531998,
0.028313230723142624,
-0.017065582796931267,
0.02553245984017849,
0.0519401878118515,
0.028554297983646393,
-0.02716585248708725,
-0.0034179887734353542,
0.010089533403515816,
0.015734661370515823,
-0.022406432777643204,
0.03516562655568123,
0.0016135144978761673,
-0.008089017122983932,
0.04200146719813347,
-0.016663948073983192,
-0.05791730806231499,
-0.0032882418017834425,
-0.01341779250651598,
-0.06907866895198822,
0.04157380387187004,
-0.008432039991021156,
-0.04890836775302887,
0.05011127516627312,
-0.046562377363443375,
-0.0200950987637043,
-0.014754291623830795,
-0.012758096680045128,
0.004882474429905415,
0.026718465611338615,
0.025568310171365738,
0.009960404597222805,
0.07058683782815933,
-0.019616249948740005,
-0.05596044659614563,
-0.01401288527995348,
-0.029111647978425026,
-0.057342130690813065,
0.1462157815694809,
0.01593759097158909,
0.03584931418299675,
-0.017657410353422165,
0.0159197635948658,
-0.020263759419322014,
0.07421029359102249,
-0.05619090422987938,
0.002740749390795827,
0.0062608313746750355,
-0.006363816559314728,
0.0468340627849102,
-0.011940844357013702,
-0.07651542127132416,
0.019537296146154404,
-0.012935657054185867,
-0.010746919550001621,
0.0028554843738675117,
0.12214671075344086,
-0.03694143891334534,
-0.0011936285300180316,
-0.013442053459584713,
-0.0036392253823578358,
0.01721719652414322,
-0.01482696644961834,
-0.014226633124053478,
-0.0221718680113554,
-0.00794724840670824,
-0.004956706427037716,
-0.011198299005627632,
0.05157246068120003,
0.015410587191581726,
-0.0332491360604763,
0.04668150097131729,
-0.03081892430782318,
0.05295141786336899,
0.0423218198120594,
0.0011587007902562618,
0.016084538772702217,
-0.0012986721703782678,
-0.039510443806648254,
0.02453000470995903,
0.016236286610364914,
-0.010767132043838501,
-0.007586691994220018,
-0.040993720293045044,
-0.06614407896995544,
-0.07178538292646408,
0.08204087615013123,
-0.014576098881661892,
0.022181736305356026,
-0.033457670360803604,
0.03577064722776413,
-0.03028089925646782,
-0.009446309879422188,
0.03189508244395256,
-0.009863696061074734,
-0.028936779126524925,
0.06350542604923248,
0.0814165249466896,
0.08255206048488617,
0.05874798446893692,
0.022868074476718903,
0.021803395822644234,
0.039090581238269806,
0.0012425633613020182,
-0.025661932304501534,
-0.04620776325464249,
-0.00661506736651063,
0.022435253486037254,
0.04581516236066818,
0.03695500269532204,
-0.001010593376122415,
-0.04714106768369675,
0.0167954433709383,
0.02804819494485855,
-0.11030536144971848,
-0.04085960611701012,
-0.34517812728881836,
0.029252583160996437,
0.03889274224638939,
0.03868668153882027,
0.0817110612988472,
-0.020808696746826172,
0.008217926137149334,
0.0019777733832597733,
-0.021441075950860977,
-0.01830453798174858,
0.023058705031871796,
0.02520868554711342,
-0.012504491955041885,
-0.029398562386631966,
-0.015083195641636848,
-0.07755337655544281,
0.02830207534134388,
-0.02191365696489811,
-0.0359346866607666,
-0.015537277795374393,
0.021562784910202026,
-0.016784751787781715,
-0.03835630416870117,
0.013251998461782932,
0.021705446764826775,
0.0007914063171483576,
0.11463494598865509,
-0.06175742670893669,
0.026196807622909546,
-0.0018443628214299679,
0.012487044557929039,
0.020272130146622658,
-0.016977034509181976,
-0.08158393949270248,
-0.026530098170042038,
-0.023918945342302322,
0.005613891873508692,
-0.04007430374622345,
-0.04369018226861954,
-0.013333259150385857,
-0.023855110630393028,
0.019055433571338654,
0.05499307066202164,
-0.012427586130797863,
-0.048516370356082916,
0.012004464864730835,
-0.031004419550299644,
0.010460288263857365,
-0.06261973083019257,
0.04724114388227463,
-0.030831288546323776,
-0.023649226874113083,
-0.020270396023988724,
-0.030650485306978226,
0.016832124441862106,
-0.0028398216236382723,
0.006974223535507917,
0.018559200689196587,
-0.07181534171104431,
-0.05827624723315239,
-0.04716995358467102,
0.028827087953686714,
0.07346847653388977,
-0.018573099747300148,
-0.023195745423436165,
0.0060766348615288734,
-0.0230312030762434,
-0.03815637156367302,
0.05785996839404106,
0.015752948820590973,
0.0077835144475102425,
0.11744563281536102,
-0.08057239651679993,
-0.02404896728694439,
0.05131594091653824,
0.0018694307655096054,
0.030984867364168167,
0.009108727797865868,
-0.04493747651576996,
0.022352442145347595,
-0.038317013531923294,
0.025905167683959007,
0.05832771956920624,
-0.012968308292329311,
-0.00013780764129478484,
0.00033495278330519795,
-0.0027360881213098764,
-0.001989501528441906,
-0.004344495944678783,
0.041314560920000076,
-0.03017241880297661,
0.015772929415106773,
0.0014678110601380467,
-0.01785513199865818,
0.03477197512984276,
0.034892331808805466,
-0.28316211700439453,
0.015359170734882355,
0.05060896649956703,
0.07765817642211914,
-0.007545429281890392,
-0.010961159132421017,
0.03570792078971863,
-0.0005690078833140433,
-0.01807253248989582,
0.0040218522772192955,
-0.017624014988541603,
0.016544755548238754,
0.05794942378997803,
0.07882356643676758,
-0.008896458894014359,
-0.02581159584224224,
0.055001500993967056,
-0.06697330623865128,
0.005093259736895561,
-0.04877037927508354,
0.0767267569899559,
-0.028944987803697586,
0.15139444172382355,
-0.007548199500888586,
-0.042750172317028046,
0.05298392102122307,
0.04434845224022865,
0.00871117040514946,
-0.010303807444870472,
0.009492108598351479,
-0.064927838742733,
0.04398414492607117,
0.0221860408782959,
0.029067186638712883,
0.014993918128311634,
0.041841957718133926,
-0.04246588423848152,
0.029552370309829712,
0.010973394848406315,
0.030892040580511093,
0.03910842537879944,
-0.07502763718366623,
-0.05400065705180168,
0.013150019571185112,
0.050301048904657364,
-0.09727808088064194,
-0.013586853630840778,
-0.10121258348226547,
0.021713076159358025,
-0.024458616971969604,
-0.0009523378103040159,
-0.051221247762441635,
0.0242646262049675,
-0.005446223542094231,
0.053553055971860886,
0.010343935340642929,
-0.0004000588378403336,
0.02405351772904396,
0.011258305981755257,
0.00905334297567606,
-0.008003061637282372,
-0.04101919010281563,
-0.004558592103421688,
0.03260458633303642,
0.018609806895256042
] |
PMID:19593
|
The extraction and analysis of benzodiazepines in tissues by enzymic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography.
|
A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the analysis of unchanged benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolites, in human and animal tissues, using the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin Carlsberg followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The enzymic digestion yields far higher recoveries than conventional extraction methods, while the liquid chromatogrpahic analysis allows the rapid separation and detection of nanogram quantities of these drugs without the need for elaborate "clean-up" procedures.
|
The extraction and analysis of benzodiazepines in tissues by enzymic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography. A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the analysis of unchanged benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolites, in human and animal tissues, using the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin Carlsberg followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The enzymic digestion yields far higher recoveries than conventional extraction methods, while the liquid chromatogrpahic analysis allows the rapid separation and detection of nanogram quantities of these drugs without the need for elaborate "clean-up" procedures.
|
[
-0.05230530723929405,
0.00449621444568038,
0.0065353852696716785,
0.008958814665675163,
0.07517842948436737,
-0.038849350064992905,
0.04808395355939865,
0.06149747222661972,
-0.03820650279521942,
-0.03415350988507271,
-0.026096515357494354,
-0.05410728231072426,
0.004740007687360048,
-0.006593931932002306,
-0.04363970458507538,
-0.02733801305294037,
0.07288459688425064,
-0.027443867176771164,
-0.04836544767022133,
-0.022549323737621307,
-0.001882286393083632,
-0.013095592148602009,
0.03062182292342186,
-0.013568919152021408,
0.029158374294638634,
0.02847030572593212,
-0.0469890758395195,
-0.031893495470285416,
-0.0783698707818985,
-0.18653669953346252,
0.09236784279346466,
-0.018676580861210823,
0.05381016060709953,
-0.08611053228378296,
-0.01799534261226654,
-0.01073574461042881,
-0.021298184990882874,
0.036514267325401306,
-0.0065819621086120605,
0.025004493072628975,
0.09164339303970337,
0.05356472730636597,
-0.09046101570129395,
0.009486888535320759,
0.06504843384027481,
0.0037743018474429846,
-0.017314884811639786,
-0.006086236797273159,
0.08990593999624252,
-0.03354386240243912,
0.0035572643391788006,
0.025841709226369858,
0.07962855696678162,
0.02874700538814068,
0.016396978870034218,
0.0002479893446434289,
0.02233731560409069,
-0.01978200301527977,
-0.07402369379997253,
0.09231504797935486,
0.009768839925527573,
0.003801284823566675,
-0.13626977801322937,
-0.01926512084901333,
0.03804029896855354,
-0.013230277225375175,
0.01964324153959751,
-0.0437079481780529,
0.033217258751392365,
0.020270315930247307,
-0.08207391947507858,
-0.014099177904427052,
0.021564621478319168,
0.020109808072447777,
0.022357480600476265,
-0.050202377140522,
0.03399527817964554,
-0.01994495838880539,
-0.016583284363150597,
-0.000036814668419538066,
0.04608891159296036,
0.006304312963038683,
0.04619697853922844,
-0.007313849404454231,
-0.004497223999351263,
0.017512721940875053,
0.011272335425019264,
0.014058648608624935,
0.07542668282985687,
0.021537084132432938,
0.01847478374838829,
-0.04805032163858414,
0.031843576580286026,
-0.03197244554758072,
-0.03607891499996185,
-0.007717880420386791,
-0.017462657764554024,
-0.027624277397990227,
0.049183741211891174,
0.42594823241233826,
0.013983924873173237,
0.037870392203330994,
0.003489215625450015,
-0.05933697521686554,
-0.03833811357617378,
-0.0013581617968156934,
-0.05143521726131439,
0.022318508476018906,
0.007751889992505312,
0.0027094397228211164,
0.019057027995586395,
0.027558181434869766,
0.06517324596643448,
0.004266420379281044,
0.012294508516788483,
-0.00754079595208168,
-0.010482698678970337,
-0.013258199207484722,
-0.011703821830451488,
0.05766351521015167,
-0.016710352152585983,
-0.022511521354317665,
0.011688576079905033,
-0.012459794990718365,
0.08336550742387772,
-0.021734749898314476,
-0.050714604556560516,
0.09185761213302612,
0.033839039504528046,
0.0019027225207537413,
0.03943239152431488,
0.029653552919626236,
0.02033219113945961,
0.048321694135665894,
-0.00038720841985195875,
-0.004041067790240049,
0.021722109988331795,
-0.0002863363770302385,
0.009198441170156002,
-0.004984188824892044,
-0.011918059550225735,
-0.02569584734737873,
-0.004447241313755512,
-0.07584571838378906,
-0.06515724211931229,
0.09532363712787628,
0.05057862401008606,
-0.0008747343672439456,
-0.0442056842148304,
-0.04668402671813965,
-0.004858376923948526,
0.008094060234725475,
0.004730765707790852,
0.049810461699962616,
-0.014525225386023521,
0.03465989977121353,
0.0038335579447448254,
-0.02465689554810524,
-0.025400729849934578,
0.015249840915203094,
-0.038106128573417664,
-0.016070710495114326,
0.005213464610278606,
0.0974079966545105,
0.021273339167237282,
-0.0003308416053187102,
0.012808728031814098,
0.00275706616230309,
0.008774724788963795,
0.027703719213604927,
0.017478330060839653,
0.012592394836246967,
-0.07716094702482224,
0.06826578080654144,
-0.06138886883854866,
-0.01808577962219715,
0.03580591082572937,
-0.041280489414930344,
0.015376714058220387,
-0.0004436928720679134,
0.014640631154179573,
0.007806251756846905,
-0.09324859082698822,
0.05497809126973152,
0.0505402646958828,
0.016987089067697525,
-0.00023455008340533823,
-0.006118706427514553,
-0.031367961317300797,
0.05817382410168648,
-0.051724426448345184,
0.025689395144581795,
-0.04592513665556908,
-0.0526912547647953,
-0.05718616396188736,
-0.034979116171598434,
-0.08111090213060379,
-0.002524946117773652,
-0.01853223145008087,
-0.06999672204256058,
0.12928986549377441,
0.029212119057774544,
-0.00464472034946084,
0.05058768019080162,
0.04117319732904434,
0.02640988864004612,
-0.038405414670705795,
0.003993766847997904,
0.050320930778980255,
0.029900869354605675,
-0.015783436596393585,
0.02151237241923809,
-0.019835853949189186,
0.026303837075829506,
-0.029797649011015892,
0.011599462479352951,
-0.039327990263700485,
0.05168949067592621,
0.0064393035136163235,
0.05577812343835831,
-0.004477855749428272,
-0.04472514986991882,
-0.04820743575692177,
-0.2683701813220978,
-0.035189785063266754,
0.01299655344337225,
0.04325989633798599,
0.021904803812503815,
-0.04115976765751839,
0.014622601680457592,
-0.07220219075679779,
-0.013547283597290516,
0.0013897247845306993,
0.026210106909275055,
0.0576130636036396,
-0.059442538768053055,
-0.009998318739235401,
-0.00017321610357612371,
0.0640045627951622,
0.01943664811551571,
-0.04713009297847748,
-0.015441280789673328,
-0.018723566085100174,
0.006512636784464121,
-0.03590243309736252,
-0.020032530650496483,
0.048129137605428696,
0.03539390116930008,
-0.03158370405435562,
0.15329565107822418,
0.012987702153623104,
0.003040511626750231,
0.006216473411768675,
-0.008788106963038445,
0.022425472736358643,
-0.004722206387668848,
-0.131716787815094,
-0.03272198885679245,
-0.024238398298621178,
-0.022846028208732605,
-0.03823784366250038,
0.005311823915690184,
-0.011888600885868073,
-0.05268339067697525,
0.008476128801703453,
0.02258855104446411,
-0.06636947393417358,
-0.1012582927942276,
-0.01721496321260929,
0.003576867049559951,
-0.0528128519654274,
0.022361109033226967,
-0.011403177864849567,
0.03322196006774902,
0.031346242874860764,
0.040332160890102386,
-0.03987544775009155,
-0.003331149462610483,
-0.0035438700579106808,
-0.03268463537096977,
0.013406134210526943,
-0.03705812990665436,
-0.0688447579741478,
0.042259909212589264,
0.007116588763892651,
0.00042481711716391146,
0.007017675321549177,
0.004303561057895422,
0.020643901079893112,
-0.016000866889953613,
-0.0021478028502315283,
0.06039734184741974,
-0.00636523449793458,
-0.014280436560511589,
0.07987021654844284,
-0.017181968316435814,
0.004940041806548834,
0.07746793329715729,
0.006308302748948336,
0.004560159053653479,
-0.0623369999229908,
-0.1252528429031372,
0.016549518331885338,
-0.012692180462181568,
-0.05221899226307869,
0.029491936787962914,
-0.0027549162041395903,
0.01961313560605049,
0.04775896668434143,
0.006808282807469368,
-0.030232777819037437,
-0.001993801910430193,
0.020827345550060272,
0.04615803807973862,
0.019447749480605125,
-0.08620796352624893,
-0.06485121697187424,
0.0013932299334555864,
0.05852522328495979,
-0.24224728345870972,
-0.00007050524436635897,
0.00421207444742322,
-0.010098257102072239,
-0.0010185025166720152,
0.017090514302253723,
0.047860704362392426,
-0.031439825892448425,
0.0089754993095994,
-0.038495782762765884,
-0.015496902167797089,
-0.014384835958480835,
0.0338611826300621,
0.015202777460217476,
-0.006984286475926638,
0.010062350891530514,
0.06260842829942703,
-0.021682530641555786,
0.05239742249250412,
0.022780293598771095,
0.050412531942129135,
-0.009192821569740772,
0.1347060650587082,
0.029166314750909805,
0.015819057822227478,
0.05968179926276207,
0.03501412272453308,
-0.03737320378422737,
-0.003374582389369607,
0.04605533927679062,
0.0004723437305074185,
0.008184575475752354,
0.0710090920329094,
-0.033549193292856216,
0.0073828683234751225,
0.048375941812992096,
-0.04629356786608696,
-0.006726004648953676,
-0.016621476039290428,
-0.04978606849908829,
-0.006038060877472162,
-0.02877899818122387,
-0.036411479115486145,
-0.04815676435828209,
0.04516486078500748,
-0.1133710965514183,
-0.01314790453761816,
-0.05397939682006836,
0.015772100538015366,
0.013790144585072994,
-0.015577753074467182,
-0.022378694266080856,
-0.010927241295576096,
0.03606173396110535,
0.022738592699170113,
0.032007139176130295,
-0.0024450914934277534,
-0.007923664525151253,
0.021892553195357323,
-0.027774840593338013,
0.012315412983298302,
-0.0038311798125505447,
-0.004620847292244434,
0.10725000500679016,
-0.03001190349459648
] |
PMID:19594
|
Biochemical differentiation of amphetamine vs methylphenidate and nomifensine in rats.
|
Amphetamine-like stimulants were divided into two groups, one in which the stereotyped behaviour was not antagonized by reserpine [(+)-amphetamine, (-)-amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine and phenethylamine] and another group in which the behavioural effects were blocked by reserpine (methylphenidate, nomifensine, pipradrol and amfonelic acid (NCA; Win 25978)). Both groups increased homovanillic acid (HVA) in whole brain 2 h after administration. The 'methylphenidate group' also increased brain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in naive rats; whereas the '(+)-amphetamine group' decreased DOPAC in naive rats, as well as in reserpinized rats, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-treated rats and after acute hemisection. The reserpine antagonism of the 'methylphenidate group'-induced stereotyped behaviour was partially reversed by type A monoamine oxidase inhibition. The '(+)-amphetamine group'-induced stereotyped behaviour was not blocked by short time pretreatment with alpha-methyltyrosine, only by longer pretreatment intervals. The mechanisms by which the two groups are differentiated biochemically is discussed with special attention to possible intra-neuronal inhibition of dopamine oxidation by the '(+)-amphetamine group'.
|
Biochemical differentiation of amphetamine vs methylphenidate and nomifensine in rats. Amphetamine-like stimulants were divided into two groups, one in which the stereotyped behaviour was not antagonized by reserpine [(+)-amphetamine, (-)-amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine and phenethylamine] and another group in which the behavioural effects were blocked by reserpine (methylphenidate, nomifensine, pipradrol and amfonelic acid (NCA; Win 25978)). Both groups increased homovanillic acid (HVA) in whole brain 2 h after administration. The 'methylphenidate group' also increased brain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in naive rats; whereas the '(+)-amphetamine group' decreased DOPAC in naive rats, as well as in reserpinized rats, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-treated rats and after acute hemisection. The reserpine antagonism of the 'methylphenidate group'-induced stereotyped behaviour was partially reversed by type A monoamine oxidase inhibition. The '(+)-amphetamine group'-induced stereotyped behaviour was not blocked by short time pretreatment with alpha-methyltyrosine, only by longer pretreatment intervals. The mechanisms by which the two groups are differentiated biochemically is discussed with special attention to possible intra-neuronal inhibition of dopamine oxidation by the '(+)-amphetamine group'.
|
[
-0.024429313838481903,
-0.0029567249584943056,
-0.026975279673933983,
0.034536778926849365,
0.03175913169980049,
0.030868906527757645,
0.058845579624176025,
0.03922189027070999,
-0.029339885339140892,
-0.043141208589076996,
0.02092132903635502,
-0.00005367665653466247,
0.018703974783420563,
0.05118529126048088,
-0.04294643551111221,
0.0363289974629879,
0.006559009198099375,
-0.06098082289099693,
-0.029633035883307457,
-0.051423329859972,
-0.012598752975463867,
-0.02986604906618595,
0.039895862340927124,
0.01871115155518055,
0.028667964041233063,
0.013091078959405422,
-0.00267595867626369,
0.002269614255055785,
-0.04743119329214096,
-0.15393990278244019,
0.07309519499540329,
0.060828860849142075,
-0.015085472725331783,
-0.06615898013114929,
-0.01792340911924839,
0.025095602497458458,
-0.007383059710264206,
0.040065642446279526,
-0.03139664605259895,
0.03605273738503456,
0.04857630282640457,
-0.006627670489251614,
0.040784984827041626,
-0.0068627335131168365,
-0.041820671409368515,
0.020261703059077263,
-0.07734622061252594,
-0.047690775245428085,
0.09386590868234634,
-0.04743218049407005,
-0.0019685702864080667,
-0.0594404973089695,
-0.018748298287391663,
0.04328060522675514,
0.022420288994908333,
-0.009345436468720436,
0.0397600419819355,
0.005386869888752699,
-0.0030913616064935923,
0.07748578488826752,
0.015340713784098625,
0.008272477425634861,
-0.1430855691432953,
0.05437631160020828,
0.043314624577760696,
-0.013600624166429043,
-0.04894917085766792,
-0.027147959917783737,
0.04790268465876579,
0.0674910619854927,
-0.03727105259895325,
0.03174076974391937,
-0.004080678801983595,
-0.07038650661706924,
0.006644132547080517,
-0.04239865019917488,
-0.00913598109036684,
-0.021479731425642967,
0.06510654091835022,
-0.028068572282791138,
0.029057983309030533,
0.017300963401794434,
0.0014533913927152753,
-0.08283723145723343,
0.04070517420768738,
-0.0863972008228302,
0.021126074716448784,
-0.004317088518291712,
0.01130901649594307,
0.008759144693613052,
-0.013949979096651077,
-0.024230899289250374,
0.041210711002349854,
-0.08112341910600662,
-0.008508528582751751,
0.05152633413672447,
0.028580931946635246,
-0.05255576968193054,
-0.03407685458660126,
0.3275502622127533,
-0.002245794516056776,
0.026323584839701653,
-0.0746898204088211,
-0.0018079928122460842,
-0.030335960909724236,
-0.022144610062241554,
0.019959336146712303,
-0.01690634712576866,
0.0008708279929123819,
0.040212687104940414,
0.0624178871512413,
0.06193912401795387,
0.11723728477954865,
-0.05210758373141289,
-0.0329970084130764,
-0.05697598308324814,
0.05349508672952652,
-0.008434481918811798,
0.06199511140584946,
-0.03506136313080788,
-0.04062705859541893,
-0.009186437353491783,
0.02644277550280094,
-0.0050159236416220665,
0.04015255719423294,
0.04455637186765671,
-0.03383168950676918,
0.10148415714502335,
0.019469154998660088,
-0.036626432090997696,
0.010205691680312157,
0.028684362769126892,
0.05304274708032608,
0.04723237082362175,
0.004001883789896965,
0.01922968402504921,
0.013859794475138187,
-0.022812651470303535,
0.03129852935671806,
0.006507665850222111,
-0.06838304549455643,
-0.011648253537714481,
0.007741933688521385,
-0.03967463597655296,
-0.053935449570417404,
0.11745452880859375,
-0.016033193096518517,
-0.03697005659341812,
-0.03453189507126808,
0.052992284297943115,
-0.0064657568000257015,
0.07567380368709564,
-0.04405979812145233,
0.03530989587306976,
-0.05546152591705322,
-0.015366206876933575,
0.009290190413594246,
-0.000768527330365032,
-0.042510949075222015,
-0.02719196490943432,
-0.03838353604078293,
-0.027701113373041153,
0.024285616353154182,
0.11424713581800461,
-0.0049631292931735516,
-0.008069288916885853,
-0.0132214967161417,
0.012472602538764477,
-0.021823592483997345,
0.015425136312842369,
-0.013632520101964474,
-0.014890680089592934,
0.014120809733867645,
-0.0009112374973483384,
-0.07349227368831635,
-0.03741792216897011,
0.06769153475761414,
0.03691451996564865,
0.04384912922978401,
-0.005108569283038378,
0.05462569370865822,
-0.022512303665280342,
-0.0722464844584465,
0.000321327883284539,
-0.005748120602220297,
0.04048195481300354,
-0.040468987077474594,
-0.002192228799685836,
0.015129531733691692,
0.0009186261449940503,
0.021301260218024254,
0.011825709603726864,
-0.09460975974798203,
-0.022894183173775673,
-0.04209760203957558,
-0.024677053093910217,
-0.05190274119377136,
0.01881062611937523,
-0.0025663513224571943,
-0.010907351039350033,
0.037090104073286057,
0.06977323442697525,
0.026215948164463043,
0.03712557628750801,
0.024087732657790184,
0.005626067519187927,
-0.010846545919775963,
-0.028486302122473717,
0.09424622356891632,
-0.010604646056890488,
-0.02370304986834526,
0.02376522868871689,
0.01927378587424755,
0.018076999112963676,
-0.02768295258283615,
0.05732640624046326,
-0.018606306985020638,
0.0007891839486546814,
0.04967031627893448,
0.05758838728070259,
-0.0258394256234169,
-0.024500472471117973,
-0.053776007145643234,
-0.2739794850349426,
-0.028359195217490196,
0.033499039709568024,
0.014304590411484241,
-0.000566515198443085,
-0.07001764327287674,
0.0013527398696169257,
0.020277705043554306,
0.0006935419514775276,
-0.030156170949339867,
0.012204386293888092,
0.058127511292696,
-0.05475486442446709,
0.01718384027481079,
0.006158118601888418,
0.08310136944055557,
0.044425565749406815,
-0.006853081751614809,
0.020405849441885948,
0.025425666943192482,
0.017734620720148087,
0.00462386617437005,
-0.036858931183815,
-0.011346729472279549,
0.05696900561451912,
-0.021610531955957413,
0.1085512712597847,
0.012826590798795223,
0.0060160416178405285,
-0.02758265845477581,
-0.01543867215514183,
0.09089231491088867,
-0.028265003114938736,
-0.10432478785514832,
0.03204106539487839,
-0.05550038442015648,
0.01630459912121296,
-0.03683435544371605,
-0.018373966217041016,
-0.07067238539457321,
-0.007454651407897472,
0.030558323487639427,
0.025159547105431557,
-0.09281477332115173,
-0.06863873451948166,
-0.023853488266468048,
0.005977499298751354,
-0.0324958860874176,
0.010850050486624241,
-0.03176743909716606,
0.017657887190580368,
0.047788701951503754,
-0.012240505777299404,
-0.009083270095288754,
-0.04279928654432297,
-0.026809383183717728,
-0.08622508496046066,
-0.017413314431905746,
-0.040070343762636185,
-0.07268117368221283,
0.02472253516316414,
-0.005063193384557962,
-0.008176370523869991,
-0.013360797427594662,
-0.00644129142165184,
0.028319112956523895,
0.035414859652519226,
-0.052437394857406616,
0.028806498274207115,
0.05611258000135422,
0.04242406785488129,
0.12632012367248535,
-0.055955369025468826,
0.04819102585315704,
0.06285592913627625,
-0.027652477845549583,
-0.07176141440868378,
-0.06445662677288055,
-0.02093730866909027,
0.04067060723900795,
-0.07641637325286865,
0.032264601439237595,
0.04929507151246071,
0.021480845287442207,
0.013727634213864803,
-0.050328534096479416,
0.007198276463896036,
-0.011625925078988075,
0.08053352683782578,
0.04807483032345772,
-0.015506299212574959,
0.003315245732665062,
0.021340329200029373,
-0.07327575236558914,
0.0616258941590786,
0.07437819987535477,
-0.2685979902744293,
-0.004572177305817604,
0.03951462358236313,
-0.010211276821792126,
0.03427334502339363,
-0.0037249489687383175,
-0.0063919564709067345,
-0.014394442550837994,
-0.032988131046295166,
0.013118117116391659,
0.015077991411089897,
0.04714987054467201,
0.04800944775342941,
0.019550515338778496,
-0.01573033072054386,
-0.04994844272732735,
0.10309623926877975,
0.02334928698837757,
0.005487879738211632,
-0.04944275692105293,
-0.035334814339876175,
-0.02057870477437973,
0.12759198248386383,
0.007398892194032669,
-0.011864391155540943,
0.002483647083863616,
-0.012084859423339367,
0.014759969897568226,
-0.05275191366672516,
-0.024244293570518494,
-0.04747265577316284,
0.012621930800378323,
0.09315314888954163,
-0.019349858164787292,
0.06923703849315643,
-0.018545905128121376,
-0.09404826909303665,
-0.0038169510662555695,
0.03622782602906227,
0.02568044327199459,
-0.05317602679133415,
0.016664883121848106,
-0.08986720442771912,
0.007653343491256237,
0.08747374266386032,
-0.08650952577590942,
-0.0357447974383831,
-0.02230696938931942,
-0.021082555875182152,
0.04021214693784714,
-0.030921008437871933,
-0.027200570330023766,
-0.036935705691576004,
0.05836658179759979,
0.018012885004281998,
0.015949063003063202,
-0.04258975759148598,
-0.010209979489445686,
0.04809533804655075,
-0.03068905510008335,
-0.0233488529920578,
0.08723597973585129,
-0.003171725897118449,
0.0883159413933754,
0.0418732725083828
] |
PMID:19595
|
Neurochemical correlates of ethanol withdrawal: alterations in serotoninergic function.
|
Cessation of chronic ethanol administration, and elimination of ethanol from the body, results in a withdrawal syndrome in mice characterized by behavioural symptoms and hypothermia. During withdrawal, the accumulation rate of [14C] 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from [14C]tryptophan, was significantly lower in the brainstem of the ethanol-withdrawn animals than in controls. A similar pattern was seen in forebrain. When the rate of 5-HT accumulation was determined using pargyline, no differences occurred between control and ethanol-treated animals. The endogenous concentrations of tryptophan in plasma, and tryptophan, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain were the same in ethanol-treated and control animals. It is suggested that the changes in accumulation of 14C-5-HT and 14C-5-HIAA in ethanol-withdrawn animals reflected alterations in electrical activity of serotoninergic neurons during withdrawal.
|
Neurochemical correlates of ethanol withdrawal: alterations in serotoninergic function. Cessation of chronic ethanol administration, and elimination of ethanol from the body, results in a withdrawal syndrome in mice characterized by behavioural symptoms and hypothermia. During withdrawal, the accumulation rate of [14C] 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from [14C]tryptophan, was significantly lower in the brainstem of the ethanol-withdrawn animals than in controls. A similar pattern was seen in forebrain. When the rate of 5-HT accumulation was determined using pargyline, no differences occurred between control and ethanol-treated animals. The endogenous concentrations of tryptophan in plasma, and tryptophan, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain were the same in ethanol-treated and control animals. It is suggested that the changes in accumulation of 14C-5-HT and 14C-5-HIAA in ethanol-withdrawn animals reflected alterations in electrical activity of serotoninergic neurons during withdrawal.
|
[
0.0061783455312252045,
0.0062737977132201195,
0.012674294412136078,
0.01645561307668686,
-0.017220892012119293,
0.02037966437637806,
0.10270077735185623,
0.06416616588830948,
0.014965154230594635,
-0.03924498334527016,
0.018838942050933838,
-0.0300650205463171,
-0.02635742537677288,
0.05547312647104263,
-0.04201292619109154,
0.014989337883889675,
0.015448308549821377,
-0.031176995486021042,
-0.054394133388996124,
-0.02039678767323494,
-0.04709881171584129,
-0.0191180557012558,
0.021687565371394157,
0.005030577536672354,
0.0227653905749321,
0.0010312378872185946,
-0.0014268822269514203,
-0.005750408861786127,
-0.08252101391553879,
-0.16158510744571686,
0.030941098928451538,
0.00248278328217566,
-0.01932416670024395,
-0.03266360983252525,
-0.032347287982702255,
-0.001877983333542943,
-0.03995228558778763,
0.03343966603279114,
0.00006342973210848868,
0.06344879418611526,
0.04890207201242447,
-0.009338555857539177,
0.009584259241819382,
-0.01817752793431282,
0.007531813811510801,
-0.02179020270705223,
-0.04806802049279213,
-0.05398706719279289,
0.0967424139380455,
0.029041042551398277,
-0.03203436732292175,
-0.02505590207874775,
0.0293893963098526,
0.05708212032914162,
0.03836910054087639,
0.029825130477547646,
0.00854564644396305,
0.04228866472840309,
-0.01869586482644081,
0.06619780510663986,
-0.006940875202417374,
0.054363351315259933,
-0.12744857370853424,
0.024300426244735718,
0.07894914597272873,
-0.03458726406097412,
-0.02920030802488327,
-0.026807613670825958,
0.04928196594119072,
0.05357154458761215,
-0.10951615869998932,
0.042820435017347336,
-0.04958633333444595,
-0.028648298233747482,
0.007514372933655977,
-0.03259780630469322,
-0.0055867936462163925,
-0.02062925323843956,
0.019470704719424248,
0.021731412038207054,
0.07130172848701477,
0.0026896607596427202,
0.08553159981966019,
-0.049717552959918976,
-0.011359017342329025,
-0.0389268696308136,
0.036314092576503754,
0.027529191225767136,
-0.02885466441512108,
0.012225869111716747,
-0.048902664333581924,
-0.059997327625751495,
0.042486026883125305,
-0.03890824317932129,
-0.03992323577404022,
0.0353940986096859,
0.04427054151892662,
-0.07190409302711487,
-0.020283743739128113,
0.3276844024658203,
-0.03184933587908745,
0.037601590156555176,
-0.015399321913719177,
-0.027954060584306717,
-0.004887644201517105,
0.006039873231202364,
-0.060451772063970566,
-0.003014076268300414,
-0.01856156624853611,
0.04370446503162384,
0.050677236169576645,
0.043644797056913376,
0.08864520490169525,
-0.025021908804774284,
-0.030841266736388206,
-0.05058595538139343,
0.07240870594978333,
0.0024758661165833473,
0.019985059276223183,
0.0547386072576046,
-0.0007644962752237916,
0.009760037995874882,
0.09579874575138092,
0.009649146348237991,
0.03529677540063858,
0.016903484240174294,
-0.029588764533400536,
0.06875628978013992,
0.0474083311855793,
-0.03490117937326431,
0.0016572228632867336,
0.029934989288449287,
0.05567646399140358,
-0.01868118904531002,
0.0073859975673258305,
-0.0013986843405291438,
0.0714576467871666,
-0.04259774088859558,
0.02730620838701725,
-0.020592374727129936,
0.0152017492800951,
-0.04799514636397362,
0.0798259899020195,
-0.06691830605268478,
-0.05033431574702263,
0.08826597779989243,
0.01649496890604496,
-0.06312812864780426,
-0.0076660215854644775,
0.09216918796300888,
0.012160252779722214,
0.043122000992298126,
-0.02760617807507515,
0.03518831729888916,
-0.06198902055621147,
0.06944378465414047,
0.0018120460445061326,
0.0058502149768173695,
-0.01137896440923214,
0.031046422198414803,
-0.01784614287316799,
-0.026833128184080124,
0.009308566339313984,
0.04338158667087555,
0.04684104770421982,
0.02639181725680828,
-0.039985302835702896,
-0.023135028779506683,
-0.0414525642991066,
-0.011899789795279503,
-0.003918276634067297,
0.05136215314269066,
-0.06404195725917816,
-0.03750103712081909,
-0.0038736602291464806,
-0.05348905175924301,
0.03578692674636841,
0.028610531240701675,
0.0052614714950323105,
0.019339341670274734,
0.052113890647888184,
-0.03244679048657417,
-0.01585282012820244,
0.0696168765425682,
0.038890354335308075,
-0.06144207715988159,
-0.03817446529865265,
-0.06057719513773918,
0.008507785387337208,
0.029370317235589027,
-0.04925381764769554,
-0.03892053663730621,
-0.08176933974027634,
-0.05072635039687157,
-0.06940511614084244,
-0.007155733648687601,
-0.053260572254657745,
-0.02366863191127777,
-0.005613886751234531,
0.02392115630209446,
0.09852378070354462,
0.04880155250430107,
-0.022825881838798523,
0.03826205059885979,
0.04188069701194763,
0.02110850065946579,
0.029922310262918472,
-0.013870295137166977,
0.035035066306591034,
0.004714242648333311,
-0.0054856943897902966,
-0.029698513448238373,
0.03908977657556534,
-0.03063276782631874,
-0.01197942066937685,
0.03797595575451851,
0.043053049594163895,
-0.028912154957652092,
0.03583742305636406,
-0.011458098888397217,
0.03189153969287872,
-0.07828832417726517,
-0.004343891516327858,
-0.31926077604293823,
-0.05099077150225639,
-0.0036635370925068855,
-0.015198798850178719,
0.01808411069214344,
-0.06128741055727005,
0.00436603045091033,
-0.061810750514268875,
0.0006761294207535684,
0.02678023651242256,
0.038900457322597504,
0.04028717055916786,
-0.050146378576755524,
-0.054740581661462784,
0.04771414026618004,
0.0002751057909335941,
0.05513392761349678,
-0.06071636825799942,
0.04778560250997543,
0.017193889245390892,
-0.008441315032541752,
-0.032646577805280685,
0.016688965260982513,
-0.007780051790177822,
0.03085259534418583,
-0.030211329460144043,
0.1176811084151268,
-0.013972490094602108,
0.01653350330889225,
-0.0013423454947769642,
-0.06953638046979904,
0.058569688349962234,
0.010376106016337872,
-0.09500566869974136,
0.04237927868962288,
0.0036098191048949957,
0.0018785825232043862,
0.01706823520362377,
0.010843389667570591,
-0.050349391996860504,
-0.029589511454105377,
0.06153186783194542,
0.00392317958176136,
-0.06516202539205551,
-0.07414267212152481,
0.004275039304047823,
-0.008511746302247047,
-0.03247082233428955,
0.0029477744828909636,
-0.06626623868942261,
0.05949966609477997,
0.023356923833489418,
-0.025844663381576538,
-0.059054501354694366,
0.04112962633371353,
0.015343517065048218,
-0.055290691554546356,
-0.007827725261449814,
-0.04767192527651787,
-0.034306302666664124,
0.02722310647368431,
0.015350734815001488,
-0.013486617244780064,
0.0069162892177701,
-0.02295837178826332,
-0.00479142228141427,
-0.021335430443286896,
-0.024152260273694992,
0.07730311155319214,
0.05529763549566269,
-0.0068815285339951515,
0.14110395312309265,
-0.0032066567800939083,
-0.013620048761367798,
0.036371663212776184,
-0.019488118588924408,
-0.03567061200737953,
-0.060334984213113785,
-0.09385712444782257,
0.05020200461149216,
-0.059682074934244156,
-0.060274623334407806,
0.06144120544195175,
0.012803166173398495,
0.004238297697156668,
0.01534720417112112,
0.034578725695610046,
-0.04012762010097504,
0.07616514712572098,
-0.017080873250961304,
0.044630467891693115,
0.004535165149718523,
0.004869871307164431,
-0.09486758708953857,
0.04384123906493187,
0.08713310211896896,
-0.25273197889328003,
-0.02294849418103695,
0.027464039623737335,
0.020487967878580093,
0.07302933186292648,
0.036571674048900604,
-0.01756269298493862,
0.05074915289878845,
0.01631198823451996,
0.005699675530195236,
-0.04853140562772751,
0.03122502751648426,
0.04439488425850868,
-0.019660022109746933,
0.0033122787717729807,
-0.005190823692828417,
0.01670442707836628,
0.002372504910454154,
-0.018746383488178253,
0.0058650360442698,
0.012414837256073952,
-0.03473113849759102,
0.1225416287779808,
-0.0456714890897274,
0.0358181968331337,
0.01960151456296444,
-0.01151341013610363,
0.025068039074540138,
0.024174772202968597,
0.010007951408624649,
-0.013309535570442677,
0.008661524392664433,
0.1167559027671814,
-0.0335104875266552,
0.04299386218190193,
0.01266823336482048,
-0.06573168188333511,
-0.03362792730331421,
0.015426685102283955,
0.025225812569260597,
-0.008669286966323853,
0.016610588878393173,
-0.05760880932211876,
-0.10843672603368759,
0.05567161366343498,
-0.04245924577116966,
-0.07442059367895126,
-0.07812965661287308,
-0.006273488514125347,
0.03249615430831909,
0.0008267233497463167,
-0.022500110790133476,
0.0007907816325314343,
0.040710728615522385,
-0.00357702374458313,
0.009407173842191696,
-0.037706710398197174,
-0.014012059196829796,
0.024400390684604645,
-0.011566669680178165,
-0.037180881947278976,
0.017173344269394875,
-0.03934619203209877,
0.04006635397672653,
0.04494897276163101
] |
PMID:19597
|
Identification of di- and tri-substituted hydroxy and ketone metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol in mouse liver.
|
In vivo liver metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC) were examined with a gas chromatograph--mass spectrometer--computer system as trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9]TMS and methyloxime-TMS derivatives. In addition to the reported monohydroxy, acid, and hydroxyacid metabolites, the following multiply substituted metabolites were identified: 2'',7-, 3'', 7-, and 6beta,7-dihydroxy-delta1-THC; 2'',6alpha,7-, and 3'',6alpha,7-trihydroxy-delta1-THC; 2''-, 3''-, and 7-hydroxy-6-oxo-delta1-THC, and 2'',7- and 3'',7-dihydroxy-6-oxo-delta1-THC. The ketones and hydroxyacids were reduced to common alcohols with lithium aluminium deuteride and the number of deuterium atoms in the product was used to distinguish the metabolic alcohols from those produced by reduction.
|
Identification of di- and tri-substituted hydroxy and ketone metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol in mouse liver. In vivo liver metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC) were examined with a gas chromatograph--mass spectrometer--computer system as trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9]TMS and methyloxime-TMS derivatives. In addition to the reported monohydroxy, acid, and hydroxyacid metabolites, the following multiply substituted metabolites were identified: 2'',7-, 3'', 7-, and 6beta,7-dihydroxy-delta1-THC; 2'',6alpha,7-, and 3'',6alpha,7-trihydroxy-delta1-THC; 2''-, 3''-, and 7-hydroxy-6-oxo-delta1-THC, and 2'',7- and 3'',7-dihydroxy-6-oxo-delta1-THC. The ketones and hydroxyacids were reduced to common alcohols with lithium aluminium deuteride and the number of deuterium atoms in the product was used to distinguish the metabolic alcohols from those produced by reduction.
|
[
-0.018672190606594086,
-0.02402508817613125,
0.0050590368919074535,
-0.008999437093734741,
0.05294269695878029,
-0.004546655807644129,
0.047129690647125244,
-0.02740410342812538,
-0.026610566303133965,
0.0368800163269043,
0.018614089116454124,
-0.07188668102025986,
-0.004498326685279608,
-0.040573135018348694,
-0.009212025441229343,
-0.009429016150534153,
0.04014626517891884,
-0.06231426075100899,
-0.05118582770228386,
-0.010743710212409496,
0.010592510923743248,
-0.0415349006652832,
0.03446619585156441,
0.04270755127072334,
0.05427703261375427,
-0.014889268204569817,
0.03912091627717018,
-0.0018481367733329535,
-0.06100695580244064,
-0.17371045053005219,
0.051054809242486954,
0.06011390686035156,
-0.00756827462464571,
-0.037030622363090515,
-0.003015244146808982,
-0.016955861821770668,
0.012766535393893719,
0.04355001822113991,
-0.049225591123104095,
0.02812645025551319,
0.07242778688669205,
-0.0042253718711435795,
-0.012504572980105877,
0.023049093782901764,
0.012188405729830265,
0.007287866435945034,
-0.09159979224205017,
-0.014588803052902222,
0.10796181857585907,
0.01243147999048233,
-0.015582178719341755,
0.0010239069815725088,
0.06087925285100937,
0.02362152934074402,
0.01833910495042801,
0.00043115628068335354,
0.017865164205431938,
0.038998767733573914,
-0.044778916984796524,
0.04895675182342529,
0.017982756718993187,
-0.0007473312434740365,
-0.12263928353786469,
0.032093290239572525,
0.07898106426000595,
0.0007834021234884858,
-0.0024912054650485516,
-0.04050063341856003,
0.0622190460562706,
0.09061531722545624,
-0.08231942355632782,
0.022288728505373,
0.005317090544849634,
0.0017911545000970364,
0.03041268326342106,
-0.020404938608407974,
-0.006613144185394049,
-0.05381794273853302,
0.02183280512690544,
-0.05682814121246338,
0.020477673038840294,
-0.007046526297926903,
0.04876303672790527,
-0.04426495358347893,
-0.026509562507271767,
-0.06479115039110184,
0.028881963342428207,
-0.0019798993598669767,
0.02394896373152733,
-0.008364583365619183,
-0.01017039641737938,
-0.021722134202718735,
-0.0004913599113933742,
0.011244066059589386,
-0.100505031645298,
-0.005159412510693073,
0.007077050395309925,
-0.020212220028042793,
0.04885898157954216,
0.3471203148365021,
-0.027912337332963943,
0.004678967408835888,
-0.0877390131354332,
-0.05078020691871643,
-0.04566163569688797,
-0.041650477796792984,
-0.051785651594400406,
-0.031145816668868065,
0.06613191962242126,
0.006358174607157707,
0.05889492109417915,
0.01010933704674244,
0.05143766850233078,
-0.04201337695121765,
-0.07452615350484848,
-0.043995458632707596,
0.030748847872018814,
0.008987017907202244,
0.019094454124569893,
0.002135633723810315,
0.0262307021766901,
0.03041297383606434,
0.05359985679388046,
-0.008190205320715904,
0.022588137537240982,
-0.011266197077929974,
-0.048700232058763504,
0.11209374666213989,
0.024312201887369156,
0.04135493189096451,
0.051351193338632584,
-0.007213208824396133,
0.047488369047641754,
-0.029725201427936554,
0.001225001527927816,
0.008834261447191238,
0.04788842424750328,
-0.04402012377977371,
0.0039056390523910522,
0.0031342990696430206,
-0.07695680856704712,
-0.022815203294157982,
0.025646541267633438,
-0.013373227789998055,
-0.06223258376121521,
0.07092548906803131,
0.050601303577423096,
-0.08238230645656586,
-0.04498535394668579,
0.045280396938323975,
0.05995712801814079,
0.05171831697225571,
-0.04912443086504936,
0.07392168045043945,
0.03706000745296478,
0.0241397712379694,
0.020561115816235542,
0.04175282642245293,
-0.019755544140934944,
0.007731858175247908,
0.008518146350979805,
-0.018523406237363815,
0.0008323464426212013,
0.13856010138988495,
0.03451509028673172,
-0.017716964706778526,
-0.025514250621199608,
0.05555306375026703,
0.03030519187450409,
-0.015356345102190971,
0.06692114472389221,
-0.06413271278142929,
-0.03526490181684494,
0.030331987887620926,
-0.04709616303443909,
-0.01369408518075943,
0.020794857293367386,
0.04831518232822418,
-0.03454387187957764,
0.011668527498841286,
0.08290491253137589,
-0.0883837342262268,
-0.06630277633666992,
0.01774425618350506,
0.038757070899009705,
0.0044736056588590145,
-0.03615225851535797,
-0.061969153583049774,
-0.007315873168408871,
0.012684043496847153,
-0.038932621479034424,
-0.012056736275553703,
-0.06283227354288101,
0.00238094013184309,
-0.033692654222249985,
-0.046880193054676056,
-0.03204571083188057,
0.042086828500032425,
0.03538590297102928,
-0.013178619556128979,
0.1071576252579689,
0.048052992671728134,
0.0022764343302696943,
0.06472402811050415,
-0.017583655193448067,
0.046323489397764206,
-0.01870906911790371,
0.004034957382827997,
0.04540427029132843,
0.0058253430761396885,
-0.028377410024404526,
0.0030690734274685383,
-0.05356854572892189,
0.022683607414364815,
-0.01792721077799797,
0.005957894958555698,
0.021887948736548424,
0.028790777549147606,
-0.01601121574640274,
0.033067651093006134,
0.04845389723777771,
-0.06493031233549118,
0.004913771990686655,
-0.29354941844940186,
-0.017985356971621513,
0.0045363022945821285,
0.039161331951618195,
0.03474026545882225,
-0.005114456173032522,
-0.00227442872710526,
-0.022190576419234276,
0.02007484808564186,
0.021172747015953064,
0.01280058640986681,
0.06298112869262695,
-0.0190059132874012,
-0.06281469762325287,
-0.01688149943947792,
0.022841190919280052,
0.005129810888320208,
-0.06406304985284805,
0.08688984811306,
0.001596922636963427,
0.011092484928667545,
-0.024283558130264282,
-0.03675304353237152,
-0.0003227978013455868,
0.025434548035264015,
-0.04609013721346855,
0.11529058963060379,
0.027005933225154877,
0.011967610567808151,
0.033595792949199677,
0.034094154834747314,
0.03506400063633919,
0.013985834084451199,
-0.08079302310943604,
0.004973569419234991,
-0.060494713485240936,
-0.03991841524839401,
-0.09815535694360733,
0.015061683021485806,
-0.046101611107587814,
-0.04271847382187843,
0.00012942490866407752,
-0.02888210490345955,
-0.1439076066017151,
-0.04618711397051811,
-0.014149028807878494,
-0.02140720561146736,
-0.031178075820207596,
-0.011449343524873257,
-0.025771426036953926,
0.053192105144262314,
0.06306857615709305,
-0.020024048164486885,
-0.03879823163151741,
0.019610140472650528,
-0.051771242171525955,
-0.0535975806415081,
-0.02046792022883892,
-0.045400869101285934,
-0.055161889642477036,
0.008308976888656616,
-0.014328891411423683,
0.02081390656530857,
-0.011833800002932549,
-0.002213169587776065,
-0.0401727594435215,
-0.018967263400554657,
0.0017013312317430973,
0.060231853276491165,
0.011730334721505642,
0.027434956282377243,
0.05682097002863884,
-0.016696590930223465,
-0.009574532508850098,
0.08912698924541473,
0.02940884418785572,
-0.01610998623073101,
-0.008470567874610424,
-0.13247230648994446,
0.02302207238972187,
-0.04719744622707367,
0.0058005149476230145,
0.0476912260055542,
-0.015008198097348213,
-0.022875284776091576,
0.008455116301774979,
0.03429577872157097,
-0.016982905566692352,
0.040349382907152176,
-0.0345844142138958,
0.011787095107138157,
0.00429553771391511,
0.07038670778274536,
-0.07957661151885986,
0.04204147309064865,
0.03454657644033432,
-0.2402511090040207,
-0.02089063450694084,
0.03739910200238228,
0.01149221882224083,
0.04317371919751167,
-0.01625470072031021,
0.04113376885652542,
0.014103487133979797,
-0.05397561565041542,
-0.044768061488866806,
0.005671284161508083,
0.033624447882175446,
0.025638755410909653,
0.029440000653266907,
-0.0029141567647457123,
-0.033688437193632126,
0.07038195431232452,
-0.015617267228662968,
-0.04538008198142052,
0.008271099999547005,
-0.021346352994441986,
-0.05788569152355194,
0.11922206729650497,
0.02534494549036026,
-0.051850490272045135,
0.02437678538262844,
-0.0022432473488152027,
0.010978197678923607,
0.014081127941608429,
0.045936521142721176,
0.017650144174695015,
0.05306006968021393,
0.12731269001960754,
-0.01623283140361309,
0.0073640854097902775,
0.07777184247970581,
-0.05969716235995293,
0.015300260856747627,
-0.015895478427410126,
0.0498276986181736,
-0.026087313890457153,
0.00801119115203619,
-0.07588867843151093,
-0.041378751397132874,
0.041166920214891434,
-0.03464837744832039,
-0.038030680269002914,
-0.019831810146570206,
0.015887228772044182,
-0.045414362102746964,
-0.012118618004024029,
0.03037375584244728,
-0.03621438518166542,
0.05568939447402954,
0.04086652398109436,
0.07155127823352814,
-0.026844171807169914,
-0.011816723272204399,
-0.022805344313383102,
-0.006422995589673519,
-0.04867415875196457,
0.010198662988841534,
-0.02734023705124855,
0.06442992389202118,
0.053960639983415604
] |
PMID:19598
|
Neutral in vivo metabolites of cannabinol isolated from rat faeces.
|
The in vivo transformation of cannabinol (CBN) in the rat has been studied. Unchanged CBN and nine neutral mono-oxygenated and dioxygenated CBN metabolites have been identified. In the mono-oxygenated series the metabolites occurred in decreasing order of prominence as follows: 7-hydroxy-CBN, 4''-hydroxy-CBN, 1''-hydroxy-CBN, 2''-hydroxy-CBN, 3''-hydroxy-CBN, 5''-hydroxy-CBN and CBN-7-al. In the dihydroxylated metabolite series only 1'',7-dihydroxy-CBN and 4'',7-dihydroxy-CBN were found with the former as the more prominent metabolite.
|
Neutral in vivo metabolites of cannabinol isolated from rat faeces. The in vivo transformation of cannabinol (CBN) in the rat has been studied. Unchanged CBN and nine neutral mono-oxygenated and dioxygenated CBN metabolites have been identified. In the mono-oxygenated series the metabolites occurred in decreasing order of prominence as follows: 7-hydroxy-CBN, 4''-hydroxy-CBN, 1''-hydroxy-CBN, 2''-hydroxy-CBN, 3''-hydroxy-CBN, 5''-hydroxy-CBN and CBN-7-al. In the dihydroxylated metabolite series only 1'',7-dihydroxy-CBN and 4'',7-dihydroxy-CBN were found with the former as the more prominent metabolite.
|
[
-0.050832778215408325,
-0.03913169726729393,
-0.03383814916014671,
-0.06085209548473358,
0.047722507268190384,
0.05646783486008644,
0.059238895773887634,
0.014073902741074562,
-0.028967197984457016,
0.019852889701724052,
-0.0037145689129829407,
-0.08049212396144867,
-0.02251884900033474,
-0.002488026861101389,
-0.021342873573303223,
-0.030152127146720886,
-0.008987282402813435,
-0.05216527730226517,
-0.06282655149698257,
0.013667178340256214,
0.011434044688940048,
-0.01745157688856125,
0.05398710072040558,
0.031190961599349976,
0.07555996626615524,
-0.007536397315561771,
0.0032240564469248056,
0.027540629729628563,
-0.0647999718785286,
-0.18975554406642914,
-0.01643354259431362,
0.07654248178005219,
0.009892336092889309,
-0.03583310544490814,
0.023628951981663704,
-0.026334790512919426,
-0.02917342074215412,
0.038827117532491684,
-0.03872869163751602,
0.03846371918916702,
0.06656520068645477,
0.02706265263259411,
0.023422427475452423,
0.03862391784787178,
0.05486921966075897,
0.0116738835349679,
-0.08190283924341202,
0.005678494460880756,
0.11295121163129807,
-0.007422043941915035,
-0.009394476190209389,
0.003463154658675194,
0.005910640582442284,
0.043964993208646774,
-0.009794344194233418,
-0.008567984215915203,
0.005890264641493559,
-0.024652449414134026,
-0.0034653409384191036,
0.04406474530696869,
0.01752135157585144,
0.048114195466041565,
-0.1113574430346489,
0.041028667241334915,
0.0680328905582428,
0.010164737701416016,
-0.0021103117614984512,
-0.0527026429772377,
0.09323062002658844,
0.036172669380903244,
-0.06146403029561043,
-0.015211688354611397,
0.01719442941248417,
-0.04866737872362137,
0.0031979968771338463,
-0.003535991767421365,
-0.01886007934808731,
0.019799508154392242,
-0.011520588770508766,
-0.003532576374709606,
0.009913532063364983,
0.015917208045721054,
0.008449876680970192,
-0.040214262902736664,
0.0016671678749844432,
-0.0468759760260582,
0.024094348773360252,
-0.05392495542764664,
-0.00414419686421752,
0.02644067443907261,
0.01737341284751892,
0.007724747061729431,
0.03416239842772484,
0.01316141989082098,
-0.09743022173643112,
-0.0016281390562653542,
0.005711559671908617,
-0.03920796513557434,
0.06488346308469772,
0.3578457832336426,
-0.00674858596175909,
-0.00998441968113184,
-0.0786481648683548,
-0.03903428465127945,
-0.02407812513411045,
-0.016158681362867355,
-0.04771643131971359,
0.017721891403198242,
-0.007223231252282858,
0.07855688780546188,
0.05759570747613907,
0.03549760952591896,
0.03589580953121185,
-0.050104960799217224,
-0.0426916666328907,
-0.04951096326112747,
0.03540945053100586,
0.029541609808802605,
0.002270740456879139,
0.020066672936081886,
0.020018983632326126,
0.01624801754951477,
0.04994792118668556,
-0.018820295110344887,
0.03142014518380165,
-0.01782476343214512,
-0.022051388397812843,
0.08387617021799088,
0.03741252422332764,
0.02449163794517517,
0.026950955390930176,
0.00976926926523447,
0.017078693956136703,
0.0017335924785584211,
-0.008919449523091316,
0.004686690866947174,
0.04844155162572861,
-0.02651558630168438,
-0.012956756167113781,
0.010069875977933407,
-0.035850170999765396,
-0.014388274401426315,
-0.008675595745444298,
-0.05243052542209625,
-0.06855868548154831,
0.0633903220295906,
0.015135332942008972,
0.010545773431658745,
-0.05153938755393028,
0.022294536232948303,
-0.013715880922973156,
0.005927922669798136,
-0.01950792782008648,
0.07262686640024185,
0.034643519669771194,
0.023665357381105423,
0.012252887710928917,
0.011211289092898369,
-0.025545336306095123,
-0.04780331999063492,
-0.04414759576320648,
-0.0033279669005423784,
0.01420859806239605,
0.12187400460243225,
0.017129555344581604,
0.022462517023086548,
-0.042488325387239456,
0.06283837556838989,
0.0310601145029068,
0.04059752821922302,
0.04148015379905701,
-0.08463986963033676,
-0.030059561133384705,
0.0442766509950161,
-0.03307989612221718,
-0.038628511130809784,
0.04172356054186821,
0.052081480622291565,
-0.013121750205755234,
-0.01483074203133583,
0.04063379019498825,
-0.10153672844171524,
0.005385617259889841,
0.03951495513319969,
0.059224583208560944,
0.036148801445961,
-0.023739781230688095,
0.019077759236097336,
-0.003307824954390526,
0.0713181123137474,
-0.027586597949266434,
-0.03913893923163414,
-0.09226732701063156,
0.013456590473651886,
-0.06368032097816467,
-0.03743760287761688,
-0.02770273946225643,
0.02610265277326107,
0.008445623330771923,
-0.052356112748384476,
0.06414537131786346,
0.019469380378723145,
0.0006266695563681424,
0.022788720205426216,
0.004918441642075777,
0.05202769488096237,
-0.008534669876098633,
-0.001531229354441166,
0.06757498532533646,
-0.019089480862021446,
-0.04112308472394943,
0.0257736649364233,
-0.018292700871825218,
0.019616233184933662,
0.00283517106436193,
0.001324207172729075,
0.0010830480605363846,
0.0075332303531467915,
0.02559206262230873,
0.04289994388818741,
0.029023662209510803,
-0.09911780804395676,
-0.03681289777159691,
-0.31555572152137756,
-0.03967159986495972,
0.07124853134155273,
0.02633201889693737,
0.09197480231523514,
-0.006106916815042496,
-0.010829269886016846,
-0.005443430971354246,
0.05353352800011635,
-0.033284738659858704,
0.0038283669855445623,
0.050811994820833206,
-0.009983194060623646,
-0.022226357832551003,
-0.02916518785059452,
0.0523039773106575,
0.05339046195149422,
-0.07594923675060272,
0.04811765253543854,
-0.019106382504105568,
0.047383636236190796,
-0.007543686777353287,
-0.0018100125016644597,
-0.03890644758939743,
0.011835049837827682,
0.010517016053199768,
0.08789665251970291,
-0.006167008075863123,
0.0389295294880867,
0.01424595806747675,
0.027652857825160027,
0.013917835429310799,
0.01535970252007246,
-0.09911113977432251,
0.02129768207669258,
-0.053242895752191544,
-0.016242902725934982,
-0.052230969071388245,
0.0091584837064147,
-0.019800707697868347,
-0.022612636908888817,
0.002847536699846387,
0.026770679280161858,
-0.12732139229774475,
-0.005213840864598751,
-0.02431265264749527,
-0.03137389197945595,
0.01695038564503193,
-0.010272304527461529,
-0.026193568482995033,
-0.020194994285702705,
0.00003397738328203559,
-0.001501509454101324,
-0.045025911182165146,
0.015575572848320007,
-0.004827470052987337,
-0.03205578774213791,
0.0021306562703102827,
-0.08087408542633057,
-0.04160771518945694,
-0.00128768605645746,
0.03741426765918732,
0.0058088297955691814,
0.005035778041929007,
-0.002059319755062461,
-0.015732066705822945,
0.014553110115230083,
0.0012019879650324583,
0.013275686651468277,
0.0052466802299022675,
0.036805409938097,
0.07482796162366867,
-0.009235640987753868,
-0.003850329900160432,
0.07761657983064651,
0.04361475259065628,
-0.06771313399076462,
-0.030368171632289886,
-0.12900231778621674,
0.01132934633642435,
-0.015065372921526432,
-0.02919340319931507,
0.06713312864303589,
-0.0027271551080048084,
0.0035918564535677433,
0.027693673968315125,
0.006560926325619221,
-0.05176221579313278,
0.07089237868785858,
-0.017182618379592896,
0.0471426397562027,
0.008742447011172771,
0.03641212359070778,
-0.08845444768667221,
0.065897636115551,
0.0262406375259161,
-0.24132917821407318,
-0.0418827161192894,
0.04434534162282944,
0.023978034034371376,
0.07073159515857697,
0.006676427088677883,
0.05112491175532341,
-0.004622792359441519,
-0.06436489522457123,
0.018439501523971558,
-0.0355924628674984,
0.012290009297430515,
-0.00021207543613854796,
0.010577276349067688,
0.06448565423488617,
-0.01736457087099552,
0.09637735038995743,
-0.012909951619803905,
-0.05701268091797829,
-0.002039659535512328,
-0.02665526606142521,
-0.04474429786205292,
0.12267712503671646,
0.04569317772984505,
-0.038515277206897736,
-0.03104572556912899,
-0.06900227814912796,
-0.04157990589737892,
-0.002974683651700616,
0.019546810537576675,
0.04649387300014496,
0.004932226147502661,
0.0839800238609314,
-0.050684548914432526,
0.005224932916462421,
0.046763282269239426,
-0.05335897579789162,
-0.0031638466753065586,
-0.0030700431670993567,
0.02762773260474205,
-0.1055321991443634,
-0.016472050920128822,
-0.11869003623723984,
-0.01734026148915291,
0.040231864899396896,
-0.08868511021137238,
-0.05318611115217209,
-0.017887208610773087,
0.020517965778708458,
-0.029710417613387108,
-0.01058360654860735,
0.053889356553554535,
-0.02363109216094017,
0.010855996049940586,
0.040327996015548706,
-0.00038040557410568,
0.014395742677152157,
0.0019087792607024312,
0.011896288022398949,
-0.0026957138907164335,
-0.011388608254492283,
0.0014177053235471249,
-0.022340165451169014,
0.1108621209859848,
0.01996854692697525
] |
PMID:19599
|
Cannabinoid patterns in seedlings of Cannabis sativa L. and their use in the determination of chemical race.
|
We have examined the cannabinoid contents of seedlings from twelve strains of Cannabis of known chemical race. Fourteen days after emergence of the shoot those of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) type could be distinguished from those of the cannabidiol (CBD) type. The true leaves of the THC type contained a relatively high content of THC and also contained cannabichromene (CBC), sometimes as the major cannabinoid, whereas the CBD type had much lower amounts of THC and no CBC; CBD being the major component. A strain from China corresponded to the THC type but showed some unusual features. Seeds purchased at seven outlets in Britain were also examined. Only two batches germinated by these proved to be of a THC type and resembled the Chinese strain.
|
Cannabinoid patterns in seedlings of Cannabis sativa L. and their use in the determination of chemical race. We have examined the cannabinoid contents of seedlings from twelve strains of Cannabis of known chemical race. Fourteen days after emergence of the shoot those of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) type could be distinguished from those of the cannabidiol (CBD) type. The true leaves of the THC type contained a relatively high content of THC and also contained cannabichromene (CBC), sometimes as the major cannabinoid, whereas the CBD type had much lower amounts of THC and no CBC; CBD being the major component. A strain from China corresponded to the THC type but showed some unusual features. Seeds purchased at seven outlets in Britain were also examined. Only two batches germinated by these proved to be of a THC type and resembled the Chinese strain.
|
[
-0.01428352203220129,
-0.013585075736045837,
-0.06376759707927704,
-0.007552345283329487,
0.08725780993700027,
0.05550333857536316,
0.040878135710954666,
-0.020555665716528893,
-0.052988212555646896,
0.023163095116615295,
0.005533165764063597,
-0.05595264583826065,
0.0340304896235466,
0.012203517369925976,
-0.008667574264109135,
0.012140217237174511,
0.04858116805553436,
-0.04161766916513443,
-0.07065717875957489,
-0.02309742011129856,
0.025250278413295746,
-0.018026789650321007,
0.02246030978858471,
-0.00877643097192049,
0.022786706686019897,
-0.0206722654402256,
-0.014417672529816628,
-0.004674842115491629,
0.01827051490545273,
-0.172033429145813,
0.022013386711478233,
0.07928391546010971,
-0.023430854082107544,
-0.033521462231874466,
0.06279940158128738,
-0.029392603784799576,
-0.012531445361673832,
0.034243714064359665,
-0.027211211621761322,
0.019462628290057182,
0.07810141146183014,
0.029635030776262283,
-0.017620228230953217,
0.050732363015413284,
0.026369884610176086,
0.017670493572950363,
-0.0643886998295784,
0.01980622112751007,
0.06180550530552864,
-0.028288215398788452,
-0.00027882997528649867,
0.02607746422290802,
0.050908710807561874,
-0.013349155895411968,
-0.028776349499821663,
0.0007490954594686627,
0.00917412992566824,
0.007858805358409882,
-0.03391384705901146,
0.055803727358579636,
0.015667548403143883,
0.03909112885594368,
-0.11502175033092499,
-0.01315511018037796,
0.07918857783079147,
0.009807033464312553,
-0.047393087297677994,
-0.024305075407028198,
0.051485419273376465,
0.04223860055208206,
-0.00999510195106268,
0.06231819465756416,
-0.03312838450074196,
-0.012863177806138992,
-0.014268705621361732,
-0.04910106584429741,
0.0019786020275205374,
0.0029325620271265507,
-0.03028041683137417,
-0.03597838431596756,
-0.0060473778285086155,
0.02572583220899105,
-0.0014719743048772216,
-0.025072060525417328,
-0.00920236948877573,
-0.04337126761674881,
0.004609632305800915,
-0.0037861934397369623,
0.015563691034913063,
0.04748973995447159,
0.020484892651438713,
-0.03003404103219509,
-0.006721369922161102,
0.02575358748435974,
-0.09795097261667252,
-0.02741355448961258,
-0.001903485506772995,
-0.06131783127784729,
0.032488856464624405,
0.4083048701286316,
-0.020553262904286385,
-0.012870180420577526,
-0.05777427926659584,
-0.03713993728160858,
-0.0127469003200531,
-0.01305628102272749,
-0.05122048407793045,
-0.05073622986674309,
0.01888839527964592,
0.032624751329422,
0.03363579139113426,
-0.0014466805150732398,
0.029095342382788658,
0.01190401241183281,
-0.08116669207811356,
-0.08488703519105911,
0.06706536561250687,
0.0003239573852624744,
0.03290649503469467,
0.03418145328760147,
-0.03689330071210861,
0.03111197240650654,
0.03918750584125519,
-0.03742920979857445,
0.0443752221763134,
-0.030773717910051346,
-0.04672936722636223,
0.05477198585867882,
0.006363837979733944,
0.024827392771840096,
0.05492383614182472,
0.020724482834339142,
0.05953231453895569,
-0.011265678331255913,
0.008997311815619469,
-0.022696375846862793,
0.010195755399763584,
-0.022551588714122772,
0.012502589263021946,
-0.030386118218302727,
-0.053709059953689575,
0.012903358787298203,
0.046867165714502335,
-0.02617856115102768,
-0.08179731667041779,
0.02893444336950779,
-0.023219868540763855,
0.02739243395626545,
-0.0451817661523819,
0.05649053305387497,
-0.03164071962237358,
0.016773678362369537,
-0.012757502496242523,
0.01235534343868494,
0.05548751354217529,
0.053928084671497345,
0.014922556467354298,
-0.011806572787463665,
-0.016297580674290657,
-0.016170889139175415,
-0.014799298718571663,
0.03228887915611267,
0.0018538900185376406,
0.09772490710020065,
0.054599322378635406,
-0.02482329122722149,
-0.0096599655225873,
-0.023069972172379494,
0.013481530360877514,
-0.027535514906048775,
0.05978885293006897,
-0.02309911698102951,
-0.04590215906500816,
0.0474846176803112,
-0.041389405727386475,
-0.017939791083335876,
-0.04773164168000221,
0.03869626298546791,
-0.016423216089606285,
0.013491930440068245,
0.09164147824048996,
-0.037481360137462616,
-0.026727188378572464,
0.03785198554396629,
0.034349579364061356,
0.021267734467983246,
-0.039769455790519714,
0.04081960767507553,
0.017628435045480728,
0.015104339458048344,
-0.020861294120550156,
-0.035723406821489334,
-0.07308876514434814,
0.03403057903051376,
-0.012362118810415268,
-0.06601489335298538,
-0.04019017517566681,
-0.010999450460076332,
0.027685897424817085,
-0.025009283795952797,
0.024241438135504723,
-0.0027566615026444197,
-0.012632996775209904,
0.03356907144188881,
-0.026562532410025597,
0.01586964912712574,
-0.003464433131739497,
-0.028478462249040604,
0.039264727383852005,
0.0030505829490721226,
-0.04947575926780701,
0.017957940697669983,
-0.0597965307533741,
0.035041242837905884,
-0.05542304739356041,
-0.0124173853546381,
0.03850778937339783,
0.024354273453354836,
-0.018220415338873863,
0.04304032027721405,
0.007559375837445259,
-0.079823337495327,
-0.03556128591299057,
-0.34193381667137146,
-0.05778471380472183,
0.0012562117772176862,
0.034315530210733414,
0.07197962701320648,
0.019513573497533798,
0.013255109079182148,
0.0365741029381752,
0.0027910578064620495,
0.0007435078732669353,
0.003436134895309806,
0.06262823939323425,
-0.014758950099349022,
-0.008290640078485012,
0.026125777512788773,
0.03908488154411316,
0.05600288510322571,
-0.09122148901224136,
0.036555565893650055,
0.05600101500749588,
0.0489269383251667,
-0.027215151116251945,
-0.07774960249662399,
-0.02456183359026909,
-0.028010951355099678,
-0.07800756394863129,
0.1231880858540535,
0.0021496720146387815,
0.0069169397465884686,
-0.0016033140709623694,
-0.01619846373796463,
0.01265542209148407,
-0.003311088541522622,
-0.09362712502479553,
0.06612762808799744,
-0.0342593751847744,
-0.03976571187376976,
-0.01342875324189663,
0.0094371372833848,
0.0014964703004807234,
-0.021290594711899757,
0.0007782094762660563,
-0.002712921006605029,
-0.035472456365823746,
-0.036471541970968246,
-0.003694988088682294,
0.038598399609327316,
0.048494353890419006,
-0.025926528498530388,
-0.019921397790312767,
-0.0005174604593776166,
0.04933495447039604,
-0.006535451393574476,
0.038000695407390594,
-0.008999830111861229,
0.011113039217889309,
-0.06881862133741379,
0.011624236591160297,
-0.013453640043735504,
-0.00636166799813509,
-0.007551807444542646,
0.0003114360151812434,
0.05481496453285217,
0.0021318206563591957,
-0.010589898563921452,
-0.0678611695766449,
-0.00857809279114008,
-0.0014693222474306822,
0.07872150093317032,
0.013050961308181286,
0.043323442339897156,
0.061188749969005585,
-0.019016573205590248,
-0.055221524089574814,
0.09933765977621078,
0.02228754758834839,
-0.07149656862020493,
-0.04152914881706238,
-0.08156035095453262,
-0.006367426365613937,
-0.008318194188177586,
-0.04418988153338432,
0.04581185802817345,
0.02941852994263172,
-0.008167852647602558,
0.023453757166862488,
0.010082420893013477,
0.003092250321060419,
0.10192975401878357,
0.0057038129307329655,
0.017773158848285675,
-0.0017674427945166826,
0.008117455057799816,
-0.08351881802082062,
0.06174853444099426,
0.04765605553984642,
-0.24460475146770477,
0.01673351228237152,
0.04085544869303703,
0.05770600587129593,
0.029106412082910538,
0.01239839382469654,
0.07048386335372925,
0.05638587847352028,
0.005232537630945444,
-0.012029564939439297,
-0.006010429933667183,
-0.03432009741663933,
0.03201155364513397,
-0.011945930309593678,
-0.03093290515244007,
0.002403105143457651,
0.08235280960798264,
-0.04966661334037781,
-0.038391776382923126,
0.009612366557121277,
-0.007466224022209644,
-0.005570054054260254,
0.13935910165309906,
0.004000571556389332,
-0.0307692252099514,
-0.018090030178427696,
-0.00831354409456253,
-0.026776719838380814,
-0.004516493529081345,
0.03247895836830139,
0.07876220345497131,
0.0404416099190712,
0.105267234146595,
-0.054048117250204086,
0.002237956039607525,
0.022765131667256355,
0.029019903391599655,
0.004933652933686972,
-0.016213830560445786,
0.010870725847780704,
-0.025439398363232613,
-0.01818164810538292,
-0.10954728722572327,
-0.042501285672187805,
-0.0054580750875175,
-0.10367389768362045,
-0.025987187400460243,
-0.05303560197353363,
0.02596082165837288,
0.018255997449159622,
-0.005945470649749041,
-0.011661546304821968,
-0.02419411577284336,
0.060601457953453064,
0.00809166394174099,
0.01997601054608822,
-0.026026614010334015,
-0.016089586541056633,
0.01709112338721752,
-0.04227341338992119,
-0.034410260617733,
-0.011951912194490433,
-0.04881785064935684,
0.08373009413480759,
0.06166372448205948
] |
PMID:19612
|
Degradation of carmustine in aqueous media.
|
The degradation rate of carmustine was investigated in buffered aqueous media at several pH values. The buffering agents studied were those with potential use in parenteral formulations of this drug: acetate, citrate, and phosphate. The apparent first-order degradation rate constants were calculated using a linear regression procedure. A pH range over which minimum degradation occurred was ascertained. General acid and specific base catalysis was demonstrated for the degradation of carmustine. From the data at 5, 22, and 37 degrees, the apparent activation energies for carmustine degradation in buffered aqueous media were computed and were strongly pH dependent.
|
Degradation of carmustine in aqueous media. The degradation rate of carmustine was investigated in buffered aqueous media at several pH values. The buffering agents studied were those with potential use in parenteral formulations of this drug: acetate, citrate, and phosphate. The apparent first-order degradation rate constants were calculated using a linear regression procedure. A pH range over which minimum degradation occurred was ascertained. General acid and specific base catalysis was demonstrated for the degradation of carmustine. From the data at 5, 22, and 37 degrees, the apparent activation energies for carmustine degradation in buffered aqueous media were computed and were strongly pH dependent.
|
[
-0.05893155559897423,
0.009217588230967522,
0.018705017864704132,
-0.00268530729226768,
-0.039144862443208694,
-0.005375094246119261,
0.02054419182240963,
0.016757728531956673,
-0.040013015270233154,
-0.02458219975233078,
0.034070368856191635,
-0.031288646161556244,
0.012587430886924267,
0.07103914022445679,
-0.03210412338376045,
-0.06874551624059677,
0.05283193662762642,
-0.009966673329472542,
0.010925236158072948,
-0.028000352904200554,
0.012130667455494404,
-0.03125114366412163,
-0.0029525631107389927,
-0.016213014721870422,
0.038642965257167816,
0.03942027688026428,
0.015056651085615158,
-0.0007581821409985423,
-0.026736261323094368,
-0.21522852778434753,
-0.022156422957777977,
-0.06363462656736374,
0.008596540428698063,
-0.02927648276090622,
-0.07337059080600739,
0.085829958319664,
-0.0070245531387627125,
-0.005378947127610445,
-0.043066103011369705,
0.06541790068149567,
0.052528265863657,
0.06863263249397278,
-0.04248485714197159,
0.026175513863563538,
-0.024905070662498474,
0.0471520833671093,
0.012479257769882679,
0.012480826117098331,
0.13402655720710754,
0.03615286201238632,
0.0012771604815497994,
0.07095419615507126,
0.010967308655381203,
0.036447443068027496,
-0.03802981227636337,
-0.0387251116335392,
0.05069384723901749,
0.022018995136022568,
-0.015921548008918762,
0.012540026567876339,
0.016328057274222374,
0.05273931473493576,
-0.1584583967924118,
0.004664769396185875,
0.03164432570338249,
0.025821352377533913,
0.021001169458031654,
0.02810206636786461,
0.002612773794680834,
0.06712112575769424,
-0.054354969412088394,
0.002583614317700267,
0.004236182197928429,
0.05693408101797104,
0.0480814054608345,
-0.03833593800663948,
0.01867854967713356,
0.03372320905327797,
-0.04238729551434517,
-0.047213684767484665,
-0.0316246896982193,
-0.04432060196995735,
-0.013599230907857418,
-0.036229729652404785,
0.00011355066089890897,
-0.014977846294641495,
0.021620679646730423,
0.01075491588562727,
0.06309503316879272,
0.01764488033950329,
-0.0017657345160841942,
0.004961732309311628,
0.028198786079883575,
0.03990630805492401,
-0.07285705208778381,
0.06302523612976074,
-0.020225808024406433,
-0.014883036725223064,
-0.019595105201005936,
0.37839794158935547,
-0.05137942358851433,
-0.02526686154305935,
-0.005127458833158016,
-0.045660462230443954,
0.015413083136081696,
-0.02806352823972702,
-0.0432601273059845,
-0.001825610757805407,
0.01771141029894352,
0.006543189287185669,
-0.03448640555143356,
0.02465936727821827,
0.04833924397826195,
-0.04597928375005722,
0.010978457517921925,
0.050551656633615494,
0.038093484938144684,
0.02066473662853241,
0.025452319532632828,
0.03294391557574272,
0.018868347629904747,
-0.026241397485136986,
0.014365613460540771,
-0.004430470522493124,
0.05583139508962631,
-0.058070193976163864,
-0.030808184295892715,
0.05271714925765991,
0.0636078417301178,
0.033494334667921066,
0.028014017269015312,
-0.0533931627869606,
-0.005329478066414595,
-0.002825623145326972,
0.024709809571504593,
-0.051569614559412,
0.059708837419748306,
0.010373223572969437,
0.00894715916365385,
0.022204693406820297,
-0.05702397599816322,
-0.02947317063808441,
-0.018317021429538727,
-0.09710494428873062,
-0.04486856237053871,
0.10377951711416245,
0.04110996052622795,
-0.02716599404811859,
-0.04635816812515259,
-0.04048580303788185,
-0.01176441740244627,
0.07736752927303314,
-0.03829322010278702,
-0.00270344247110188,
0.004652140196412802,
-0.004698705393821001,
-0.03985985741019249,
-0.0397779643535614,
-0.027507944032549858,
0.024210436269640923,
-0.05791918560862541,
-0.06280361115932465,
-0.0515313446521759,
0.0934862568974495,
-0.036888182163238525,
0.014920268207788467,
-0.019565794616937637,
-0.010132508352398872,
0.039091065526008606,
0.04495718330144882,
0.04647470638155937,
-0.01325328927487135,
0.010841703973710537,
0.0006625900859944522,
-0.05500352755188942,
0.031062303110957146,
0.03172215446829796,
0.013214186765253544,
0.02998362109065056,
-0.02650904282927513,
0.07220769673585892,
0.044718045741319656,
-0.02140515111386776,
0.06697861850261688,
0.056592028588056564,
0.003155084326863289,
-0.05511500686407089,
0.0234359223395586,
0.03635091334581375,
0.05705254152417183,
0.002334863180294633,
-0.016253700479865074,
-0.06357735395431519,
0.03115488402545452,
-0.027057375758886337,
-0.019181620329618454,
-0.07870091497898102,
-0.03527387976646423,
0.023557014763355255,
-0.013906401582062244,
0.10249823331832886,
0.00825965590775013,
-0.04605969414114952,
0.022725790739059448,
0.0304383784532547,
0.019932471215724945,
-0.022693835198879242,
0.018198978155851364,
0.02833142690360546,
0.0061821783892810345,
-0.04083726555109024,
-0.038607336580753326,
-0.011322693899273872,
-0.019900355488061905,
-0.0035207606852054596,
-0.026092199608683586,
0.037761084735393524,
-0.03189012035727501,
0.03213798999786377,
0.03711257129907608,
0.044299203902482986,
-0.031218701973557472,
-0.04138384759426117,
-0.27067121863365173,
-0.016003640368580818,
-0.00468129338696599,
-0.01747388020157814,
0.10897821187973022,
-0.054985325783491135,
0.008728417567908764,
-0.026006827130913734,
-0.0028420763555914164,
-0.07317513972520828,
0.017642155289649963,
0.05965176969766617,
-0.04980197548866272,
-0.025105657055974007,
0.012478100135922432,
-0.004850800149142742,
0.06946500390768051,
-0.023085493594408035,
-0.000408967025578022,
-0.05197306349873543,
0.021246815100312233,
-0.07459396868944168,
-0.015218633227050304,
0.017398633062839508,
0.10846124589443207,
0.0221930593252182,
0.10016653686761856,
0.022157369181513786,
-0.030393071472644806,
-0.045884594321250916,
0.016574442386627197,
0.01187882013618946,
-0.05015547573566437,
-0.066616490483284,
-0.06412988156080246,
-0.03739803284406662,
0.008251461200416088,
0.008718392811715603,
0.009497453458607197,
-0.0018345321295782924,
-0.042398106306791306,
0.015558558516204357,
0.011435318738222122,
-0.08437381684780121,
-0.0537685751914978,
0.020126184448599815,
-0.0101657435297966,
0.020826661959290504,
-0.03086494840681553,
-0.024483591318130493,
0.07980144768953323,
0.0022013376001268625,
-0.0024983191397041082,
-0.004702217411249876,
-0.015578638762235641,
-0.009204089641571045,
-0.01910732127726078,
0.07889320701360703,
-0.07137693464756012,
-0.05161634832620621,
-0.001272503170184791,
-0.032196033746004105,
0.014074968174099922,
-0.010780097916722298,
0.01065741665661335,
-0.005215803161263466,
0.03010900318622589,
-0.02491304837167263,
-0.0012785936705768108,
-0.03587447851896286,
0.029105141758918762,
0.09818506985902786,
-0.08781598508358002,
0.013303417712450027,
0.01968175359070301,
0.006868851371109486,
-0.04487632215023041,
0.002837998792529106,
-0.05927993357181549,
-0.041366539895534515,
-0.0005344368983060122,
0.046278905123472214,
0.07607080787420273,
-0.010575417429208755,
0.03023648075759411,
0.03016171045601368,
-0.020541200414299965,
-0.02080845832824707,
0.025386538356542587,
0.021485496312379837,
0.03803917393088341,
0.036761343479156494,
-0.07136628031730652,
-0.04969943314790726,
0.011155948974192142,
0.06625141948461533,
-0.27352628111839294,
-0.026815613731741905,
0.052628256380558014,
0.04359675571322441,
-0.0017148766200989485,
-0.029804013669490814,
-0.0029244371689856052,
0.012936422601342201,
-0.06226610392332077,
0.0535082146525383,
-0.0010263969888910651,
0.042979683727025986,
0.018942413851618767,
-0.015527661889791489,
0.018930813297629356,
0.00540661858394742,
0.00482579180970788,
-0.0764269307255745,
0.059207964688539505,
-0.04411597549915314,
0.03262196108698845,
-0.014916818588972092,
0.12658387422561646,
-0.014093591831624508,
0.0020801883656531572,
0.07180844247341156,
-0.04040168970823288,
0.03205511346459389,
-0.03809254616498947,
0.00820885505527258,
-0.04369505122303963,
0.04597635194659233,
0.08276354521512985,
-0.009108134545385838,
0.05570359528064728,
-0.04442327469587326,
-0.04444409906864166,
0.019044319167733192,
-0.05964445322751999,
0.032305002212524414,
0.013158710673451424,
-0.059393178671598434,
-0.07854562997817993,
0.00021776885841973126,
0.040445949882268906,
-0.028894992545247078,
-0.011417197994887829,
-0.07712368667125702,
-0.011864705942571163,
-0.018527600914239883,
-0.03243052586913109,
-0.01217568852007389,
0.03592214360833168,
0.008218376897275448,
0.0080577302724123,
0.06677447259426117,
-0.0200330913066864,
0.009629220701754093,
0.06714218854904175,
0.023108141496777534,
0.0477064847946167,
-0.011816715821623802,
-0.0038148523308336735,
0.08102299273014069,
0.007086528465151787
] |
PMID:19613
|
Spectrophotometric determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial.
|
A simple and specific method for the quantitative determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial, in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on reproducible degradation under controlled conditions to an unidentified species, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 375 nm. The procedure can be performed manually on a short series of samples in about 15 min or can be automated for large runs. Precursors and related substances show minimal interference. The coefficient of variation of the automated system is about 1% within days and 1.3% among days.
|
Spectrophotometric determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial. A simple and specific method for the quantitative determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial, in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on reproducible degradation under controlled conditions to an unidentified species, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 375 nm. The procedure can be performed manually on a short series of samples in about 15 min or can be automated for large runs. Precursors and related substances show minimal interference. The coefficient of variation of the automated system is about 1% within days and 1.3% among days.
|
[
-0.07738664001226425,
0.026466311886906624,
-0.007025746162980795,
0.00027041512657888234,
0.06358674168586731,
-0.04996378347277641,
0.06942269206047058,
0.07369847595691681,
-0.07734394073486328,
0.008342805318534374,
0.02299577184021473,
-0.027400197461247444,
0.03058430925011635,
-0.014519814401865005,
-0.039580028504133224,
-0.025207236409187317,
0.033093493431806564,
0.006555421743541956,
0.03408560901880264,
0.02389461174607277,
-0.012948506511747837,
0.008194154128432274,
0.003797493176534772,
-0.053926173597574234,
0.03422053903341293,
0.035384465008974075,
0.05594795197248459,
-0.02492799609899521,
-0.058003176003694534,
-0.18447688221931458,
0.024089893326163292,
-0.004147169645875692,
0.024072667583823204,
-0.08758258819580078,
0.017139839008450508,
-0.0006941988249309361,
0.0007895146845839918,
-0.0120690343901515,
0.031838756054639816,
-0.007608390878885984,
0.0569966658949852,
0.0436059944331646,
0.012769403867423534,
0.031425416469573975,
-0.006054324563592672,
0.027922196313738823,
-0.04680047929286957,
0.11597350984811783,
0.06607869267463684,
-0.012324362061917782,
0.020894505083560944,
-0.015178155153989792,
0.038126297295093536,
0.03173861280083656,
-0.05839965492486954,
-0.04002391919493675,
0.03116104193031788,
-0.0018823748687282205,
-0.030212270095944405,
-0.023188810795545578,
-0.002934464253485203,
0.03408678621053696,
-0.10400071740150452,
0.010403483174741268,
-0.07193422317504883,
-0.022555526345968246,
0.008023527450859547,
-0.08688277751207352,
0.006649085786193609,
0.06965901702642441,
0.01596042513847351,
0.0448065884411335,
-0.042212169617414474,
0.031111709773540497,
0.02089834399521351,
-0.03133697062730789,
0.03554610162973404,
-0.06995377689599991,
-0.010042893700301647,
0.01528230682015419,
0.004209120292216539,
0.0342351533472538,
0.0028735168743878603,
-0.004678276367485523,
-0.021271293982863426,
-0.003948595374822617,
0.04251721501350403,
-0.0070123751647770405,
0.08820763975381851,
0.022554656490683556,
0.02716068923473358,
-0.060611292719841,
-0.026451384648680687,
-0.05088619887828827,
-0.054764557629823685,
-0.10038232803344727,
-0.01486746221780777,
-0.00013426794612314552,
0.03512430191040039,
0.35528144240379333,
-0.04203371703624725,
-0.06295286864042282,
-0.02557232789695263,
-0.004011448007076979,
-0.004170441068708897,
-0.02046945132315159,
0.010530797764658928,
0.035095974802970886,
0.010888448916375637,
0.03401549533009529,
-0.015264598652720451,
-0.0012638844782486558,
0.029033314436674118,
-0.05033072456717491,
0.021986356005072594,
0.004917422775179148,
0.03000112622976303,
-0.02047022059559822,
0.00602654367685318,
-0.01081810612231493,
0.03919842466711998,
-0.006633557844907045,
0.0367838479578495,
-0.05755532532930374,
0.08164472132921219,
-0.024833686649799347,
0.03431092947721481,
0.07675422728061676,
0.06104354187846184,
0.017985234037041664,
0.04007286578416824,
-0.039174020290374756,
-0.10426037013530731,
-0.03489577770233154,
0.007399108726531267,
0.030779480934143066,
0.02991141378879547,
0.03506655991077423,
0.031181592494249344,
-0.03300344944000244,
-0.013407990336418152,
0.014032178558409214,
-0.029389701783657074,
-0.019384002313017845,
-0.08860014379024506,
0.16316360235214233,
-0.016040660440921783,
0.03657933324575424,
-0.028605300933122635,
-0.07831139117479324,
0.002442871918901801,
0.020357469096779823,
-0.028153974562883377,
0.003611403750255704,
0.023274783045053482,
0.013573932461440563,
0.026539765298366547,
-0.014450387097895145,
-0.049612291157245636,
0.04551161825656891,
-0.10854638367891312,
-0.006571504287421703,
-0.02988537773489952,
0.12409324944019318,
-0.06738436222076416,
-0.02756890095770359,
0.009765993803739548,
-0.02845526486635208,
-0.020333126187324524,
0.043986253440380096,
-0.00769141037017107,
0.04070139676332474,
-0.03612709790468216,
-0.029409416019916534,
-0.009117897599935532,
0.04202701523900032,
0.006076647900044918,
0.04490568861365318,
0.012943243607878685,
-0.015526609495282173,
0.029880313202738762,
0.06561020761728287,
-0.06196251139044762,
0.06449158489704132,
0.021273275837302208,
0.03542625531554222,
0.0010397742735221982,
0.0351412333548069,
0.012849039398133755,
0.06610476225614548,
-0.02650076523423195,
-0.01528372336179018,
-0.0027898482512682676,
0.009992648847401142,
-0.041325584053993225,
0.03516353666782379,
-0.06006219610571861,
-0.03548327088356018,
-0.01897980086505413,
-0.04590572044253349,
0.07657968252897263,
-0.008459091186523438,
0.007921004667878151,
0.031084910035133362,
0.09394923597574234,
0.023198477923870087,
0.016081223264336586,
0.06167885288596153,
-0.0056814649142324924,
0.05286885052919388,
-0.034091588109731674,
0.024631289765238762,
-0.06257445365190506,
-0.04381623491644859,
-0.04771171137690544,
0.03907699137926102,
-0.01560554001480341,
-0.006946374196559191,
-0.04805425554513931,
0.06748535484075546,
0.015371241606771946,
-0.07319794595241547,
-0.08143183588981628,
-0.28931570053100586,
0.042638134211301804,
0.018347743898630142,
-0.004332148935645819,
0.08604330569505692,
-0.013137193396687508,
-0.03016262874007225,
-0.054036159068346024,
-0.004579621367156506,
-0.03958761319518089,
0.0685584619641304,
0.05910356715321541,
-0.02058456279337406,
-0.03494502231478691,
0.017137613147497177,
0.017984287813305855,
0.023805471137166023,
-0.02345176972448826,
0.0034091537818312645,
-0.02630828320980072,
0.03275877609848976,
-0.028447814285755157,
0.005431094206869602,
0.03286980465054512,
0.04517999663949013,
-0.061038121581077576,
0.08083629608154297,
-0.045440517365932465,
0.039751965552568436,
-0.043014686554670334,
-0.048775508999824524,
0.00326122110709548,
-0.04986541345715523,
-0.09111777693033218,
-0.016483569517731667,
0.008512076921761036,
0.03234757110476494,
-0.022023413330316544,
0.006990169640630484,
0.018230488523840904,
0.01218270044773817,
0.04413951188325882,
0.008020501583814621,
-0.04455898329615593,
-0.010968890972435474,
-0.026644263416528702,
0.03701944276690483,
0.07817286998033524,
-0.014634646475315094,
-0.011040136218070984,
-0.03123621828854084,
-0.024001099169254303,
-0.04794862121343613,
0.02058250457048416,
0.03115522488951683,
-0.02959255687892437,
-0.06421046704053879,
0.010741866193711758,
-0.054949186742305756,
-0.042753830552101135,
-0.021236751228570938,
0.01017042901366949,
0.06915363669395447,
-0.0022939499467611313,
0.01478984858840704,
-0.0286613330245018,
0.006766232196241617,
-0.033637430518865585,
0.0794966071844101,
0.02016640640795231,
-0.020741645246744156,
0.13564680516719818,
-0.04470320791006088,
-0.0010354806436225772,
0.07946650683879852,
0.07676054537296295,
0.010117272846400738,
-0.08165391534566879,
-0.051190588623285294,
0.013158711604773998,
0.029610758647322655,
-0.0014238927979022264,
-0.003991913050413132,
-0.037480827420949936,
0.04925508797168732,
0.023096421733498573,
0.004755405709147453,
0.01640797033905983,
0.030731521546840668,
0.02234804816544056,
0.017360907047986984,
-0.009301678277552128,
-0.0008001771639101207,
-0.04399608075618744,
-0.02026779018342495,
0.09222657978534698,
-0.2451406717300415,
-0.058130018413066864,
0.041804686188697815,
0.05115143582224846,
0.013761518523097038,
0.011593200266361237,
0.04384080320596695,
-0.021823281422257423,
-0.016055921092629433,
0.04492056369781494,
-0.039140596985816956,
-0.014047140255570412,
0.043348826467990875,
0.004803835414350033,
-0.03546692430973053,
-0.0212980005890131,
0.037316564470529556,
-0.027229292318224907,
0.010950548574328423,
-0.020129354670643806,
0.03184588998556137,
-0.060151007026433945,
0.1356874704360962,
-0.0460326187312603,
-0.04295783117413521,
0.06123602017760277,
0.03186885640025139,
0.011451943777501583,
0.0022478254977613688,
0.02831030823290348,
-0.01722436212003231,
0.022446244955062866,
0.05473995953798294,
-0.03880196809768677,
0.007005166262388229,
0.03253945708274841,
-0.022965561598539352,
-0.021106058731675148,
-0.007887971587479115,
-0.00956623163074255,
-0.03253737837076187,
-0.06973003596067429,
-0.02615724317729473,
-0.025030814111232758,
0.07993905991315842,
-0.06485352665185928,
-0.031412046402692795,
-0.03645571693778038,
-0.028982967138290405,
-0.011466285213828087,
-0.05864962562918663,
0.036784641444683075,
0.020354829728603363,
0.05676194280385971,
-0.0006610191776417196,
0.0169356781989336,
0.02526441402733326,
-0.0072504025883972645,
-0.0022101132199168205,
-0.04359741881489754,
-0.031252771615982056,
-0.04203762486577034,
-0.0738152489066124,
0.07794661074876785,
0.05658033490180969
] |
PMID:19614
|
High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in blood and urine.
|
A method is described for extraction of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, from whole blood and urine with subsequent analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drug is extracted from biological fluids with 1-octanol and back-extracted into dilute acid and then into a small volume of ethanol by saturation with potassium carbonate. HPLC analysis is performed on a column of 5-micrometer silica with a mixed mobile phase consisting primarily of acetonitrile. The method measures concentrations of cimetidine as low as 0.05 microgram/ml and is reproducible. Blood levels and urinary excretion data obtained with the analytical procedure are given for a group of human subjects who received 200-mg oral doses of cimetidine.
|
High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in blood and urine. A method is described for extraction of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, from whole blood and urine with subsequent analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drug is extracted from biological fluids with 1-octanol and back-extracted into dilute acid and then into a small volume of ethanol by saturation with potassium carbonate. HPLC analysis is performed on a column of 5-micrometer silica with a mixed mobile phase consisting primarily of acetonitrile. The method measures concentrations of cimetidine as low as 0.05 microgram/ml and is reproducible. Blood levels and urinary excretion data obtained with the analytical procedure are given for a group of human subjects who received 200-mg oral doses of cimetidine.
|
[
-0.036227066069841385,
-0.010908401571214199,
-0.017843738198280334,
0.019891299307346344,
0.008771417662501335,
-0.010573560371994972,
0.07606448978185654,
0.03606441617012024,
-0.061874568462371826,
-0.017375431954860687,
0.007799362763762474,
-0.04381965473294258,
0.014329354278743267,
0.008128675632178783,
-0.024219706654548645,
-0.02882133238017559,
0.061976537108421326,
0.0021998812444508076,
-0.0559476874768734,
-0.03447723016142845,
-0.03707951679825783,
-0.03394259884953499,
-0.0046980720944702625,
-0.025747861713171005,
0.026279786601662636,
-0.04697970673441887,
-0.03885018080472946,
-0.02417926862835884,
-0.0827372595667839,
-0.20403508841991425,
0.06807858496904373,
0.013363414444029331,
0.01870337501168251,
-0.0295206718146801,
0.01341705210506916,
0.002926930785179138,
0.0005366295808926225,
0.05875994265079498,
0.04107297584414482,
0.008404486812651157,
0.007883239537477493,
0.01598416455090046,
-0.024678420275449753,
0.0517641119658947,
-0.02065664529800415,
-0.035500891506671906,
-0.0033315387554466724,
0.011408519931137562,
0.13534651696681976,
0.0009879244025796652,
-0.001964826602488756,
0.022219326347112656,
0.02601490542292595,
0.04125325381755829,
0.02072683908045292,
-0.03222373127937317,
0.027351954951882362,
-0.010000688023865223,
-0.007212490309029818,
0.06465146690607071,
-0.001221409416757524,
0.060516368597745895,
-0.13987413048744202,
0.04053821414709091,
0.01886979676783085,
-0.008862312883138657,
-0.010188328102231026,
-0.029737083241343498,
0.06133895739912987,
0.048821546137332916,
-0.01724427007138729,
-0.026725027710199356,
-0.031188881024718285,
0.03388926014304161,
0.010964085347950459,
-0.0659981220960617,
-0.03312136232852936,
-0.062360960990190506,
0.0361831970512867,
0.019026609137654305,
-0.0008903230191208422,
0.04245110973715782,
-0.03823137655854225,
-0.00558372912928462,
0.047672320157289505,
-0.031200766563415527,
0.00013560107618104666,
0.017209338024258614,
0.040900930762290955,
-0.013372107408940792,
-0.016350768506526947,
-0.09385702759027481,
-0.04322504997253418,
-0.03994905576109886,
-0.03953219950199127,
-0.0938825011253357,
-0.0019217523513361812,
-0.00016264086298178881,
0.04261140897870064,
0.3515203297138214,
0.011227239854633808,
-0.05417104810476303,
-0.07637730240821838,
-0.029477912932634354,
0.006447228137403727,
-0.02348826453089714,
-0.017208201810717583,
0.016138890758156776,
0.03164271265268326,
-0.007456731051206589,
0.057494062930345535,
0.07458749413490295,
0.04717859998345375,
-0.0395677424967289,
0.027255864813923836,
0.024218732491135597,
0.005366424098610878,
0.007064650300890207,
0.017394689843058586,
0.04191010072827339,
0.005617952905595303,
-0.010708460584282875,
0.050716061145067215,
0.019357647746801376,
-0.008679783903062344,
-0.003868988249450922,
-0.049753837287425995,
0.07915298640727997,
0.011840861290693283,
0.004756301641464233,
0.046062733978033066,
-0.006481229793280363,
-0.04007207974791527,
0.04544952139258385,
-0.024279111996293068,
0.018979191780090332,
0.031169705092906952,
0.021150784566998482,
0.027849918231368065,
0.050638433545827866,
-0.08376985043287277,
-0.05071420222520828,
-0.09154020249843597,
-0.09644649922847748,
-0.03661178797483444,
0.12318097054958344,
0.01904682256281376,
-0.0071684857830405235,
-0.03182234615087509,
-0.031040700152516365,
-0.01077392790466547,
0.04481677711009979,
0.0017687059007585049,
0.017920490354299545,
0.017927955836057663,
-0.000666126434225589,
0.03668014332652092,
0.0021790533792227507,
-0.003298368537798524,
0.04679928719997406,
-0.03074222058057785,
-0.05126684904098511,
-0.03583220764994621,
0.1307833343744278,
-0.06097853556275368,
-0.044117603451013565,
-0.010774781927466393,
-0.011469176039099693,
0.04806137457489967,
0.07133524864912033,
0.04370526224374771,
0.04186008870601654,
-0.03133106231689453,
0.058892469853162766,
-0.045548565685749054,
0.00484444759786129,
0.01750280149281025,
0.009438316337764263,
0.02349073626101017,
-0.013309905305504799,
0.030180983245372772,
0.055722519755363464,
-0.05805300548672676,
0.03380647674202919,
0.03572263568639755,
-0.027132458984851837,
-0.029839234426617622,
0.030825089663267136,
0.0069501339457929134,
0.05625450983643532,
-0.055421773344278336,
0.04636557772755623,
-0.024019772186875343,
0.017393847927451134,
-0.006317981518805027,
0.03964262828230858,
-0.06843112409114838,
0.06505575776100159,
-0.0010893712751567364,
-0.09810234606266022,
0.10640458762645721,
0.038740966469049454,
0.02316976897418499,
0.09161699563264847,
0.008599553257226944,
-0.0018117560539394617,
0.006659644190222025,
-0.018441740423440933,
-0.045892056077718735,
-0.05102056264877319,
0.0267719067633152,
0.030158940702676773,
0.0053261155262589455,
-0.033230993896722794,
-0.0242838766425848,
0.0296531543135643,
0.06514517962932587,
0.018004203215241432,
0.013056536205112934,
0.05333886668086052,
0.023995883762836456,
-0.01895192079246044,
-0.01611427590250969,
-0.2959683835506439,
-0.008005458861589432,
0.043934520334005356,
0.025868255645036697,
0.03127044811844826,
-0.07514965534210205,
0.019940506666898727,
-0.04527388513088226,
0.0002822017122525722,
0.03014196641743183,
0.09231790155172348,
0.04166137054562569,
-0.06899238377809525,
-0.030168592929840088,
-0.021344272419810295,
0.06551290303468704,
0.043997105211019516,
0.008217289112508297,
0.040684886276721954,
0.07084658741950989,
0.02411643974483013,
-0.035912927240133286,
-0.005490580573678017,
0.037130240350961685,
0.01524121779948473,
0.0031038434244692326,
0.10557425767183304,
-0.011767185293138027,
-0.03635812923312187,
-0.04892563819885254,
0.002891950774937868,
-0.03703309968113899,
-0.020771509036421776,
-0.06797913461923599,
-0.023876812309026718,
-0.02668333239853382,
-0.055896032601594925,
-0.03041631542146206,
0.008493728935718536,
-0.006484281737357378,
-0.03933287411928177,
0.003119326662272215,
0.05691889300942421,
-0.09619484096765518,
-0.03504638001322746,
0.010061854496598244,
-0.023755215108394623,
0.034655697643756866,
-0.0295499786734581,
-0.010263397358357906,
0.03305421769618988,
0.021184245124459267,
0.036881983280181885,
-0.01310561504215002,
-0.016931306570768356,
0.0034982177894562483,
-0.0698125958442688,
0.008480068296194077,
-0.06135771423578262,
-0.025942498818039894,
-0.02982672117650509,
0.05911172181367874,
0.03067697398364544,
0.005296102724969387,
-0.013100954703986645,
0.04260079562664032,
0.06029733642935753,
-0.01347667071968317,
0.07285913825035095,
-0.011213405057787895,
0.03803522512316704,
0.12163401395082474,
-0.05897337198257446,
0.0540197417140007,
0.05512207746505737,
0.04825485125184059,
0.03397894650697708,
-0.06981492787599564,
-0.031663794070482254,
0.04184558242559433,
-0.008650263771414757,
0.015314189717173576,
0.008012589067220688,
-0.00318363425321877,
-0.01187167502939701,
-0.0078184325248003,
-0.020734168589115143,
-0.029337074607610703,
0.02083846554160118,
0.02706335484981537,
0.03712927922606468,
0.0829552486538887,
-0.04548327624797821,
-0.048584144562482834,
-0.003357519395649433,
0.03327959403395653,
-0.24370364844799042,
-0.02454420179128647,
0.00879346951842308,
0.027708766981959343,
-0.005125303287059069,
-0.028019854798913002,
0.07738780230283737,
-0.038094718009233475,
-0.028073815628886223,
-0.018527893349528313,
-0.0008552789804525673,
0.018259642645716667,
0.029515985399484634,
-0.0070800031535327435,
-0.02677210420370102,
-0.0443682037293911,
0.05377013608813286,
0.01566787250339985,
0.042878616601228714,
-0.021971235051751137,
-0.00910906307399273,
-0.11393263936042786,
0.12960626184940338,
-0.007617606781423092,
-0.04317450895905495,
-0.017338043078780174,
0.018609050661325455,
-0.005940716248005629,
0.001416885876096785,
-0.010392771102488041,
-0.07191658020019531,
0.008857222273945808,
0.0814727395772934,
-0.04276908561587334,
-0.040240008383989334,
-0.00923148449510336,
-0.02539672888815403,
0.01678861491382122,
-0.01306900568306446,
0.00561075285077095,
-0.034950900822877884,
-0.0017016495112329721,
-0.04088694602251053,
-0.07985962182283401,
0.05411134660243988,
-0.05352078750729561,
-0.07559210807085037,
-0.04543188586831093,
0.009076605550944805,
0.00533810630440712,
-0.03445010259747505,
-0.0663757249712944,
0.0015179620822891593,
0.06058068200945854,
0.009490261785686016,
0.06312640756368637,
-0.021495746448636055,
-0.03589248284697533,
0.009080729447305202,
-0.03347066044807434,
-0.04566185176372528,
0.04277525842189789,
0.021106857806444168,
0.014441272243857384,
0.057834286242723465
] |
PMID:19615
|
Rate and proposed mechanism of anhydrotetracycline epimerization in acid solution.
|
The pathway through which the toxic tetracycline degradation product epianhydrotetracycline forms in solution was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, taking advantage of the large difference in ellipticity between the reactant and the product at 285 nm. The epimerization of anhydrotetracycline followed a reversible first-order process, and both analytical methods yielded the same rate constants. The rate constants indicate that anhydrotetracycline epimerization is faster than tetracycline epimerization. The equilibrium favored anhydrotetracycline, and the activation energies for the forward and reverse rates were almost the same as those for tetracycline epimerization. The epimerization was catalyzed by phosphate. Activation energies in 0.1 and 1 M phosphate were essentially the same. The equilibrium constants for both anhydrotetracycline and tetracycline favored the natural configuration rather than the epi series. Possible rationalization based on conformational and hydrogen bonding effects is presented.
|
Rate and proposed mechanism of anhydrotetracycline epimerization in acid solution. The pathway through which the toxic tetracycline degradation product epianhydrotetracycline forms in solution was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, taking advantage of the large difference in ellipticity between the reactant and the product at 285 nm. The epimerization of anhydrotetracycline followed a reversible first-order process, and both analytical methods yielded the same rate constants. The rate constants indicate that anhydrotetracycline epimerization is faster than tetracycline epimerization. The equilibrium favored anhydrotetracycline, and the activation energies for the forward and reverse rates were almost the same as those for tetracycline epimerization. The epimerization was catalyzed by phosphate. Activation energies in 0.1 and 1 M phosphate were essentially the same. The equilibrium constants for both anhydrotetracycline and tetracycline favored the natural configuration rather than the epi series. Possible rationalization based on conformational and hydrogen bonding effects is presented.
|
[
-0.08425593376159668,
0.0010714603122323751,
-0.0013330322690308094,
0.03369909152388573,
0.002766369143500924,
-0.026238324120640755,
0.00474464101716876,
0.03571641072630882,
-0.021053817123174667,
0.008470868691802025,
0.061155643314123154,
-0.06289096176624298,
-0.000595240097027272,
-0.007188854273408651,
-0.036709949374198914,
0.005960384849458933,
-0.022746335715055466,
-0.012361866421997547,
0.013197040185332298,
-0.011249487288296223,
-0.02797587960958481,
-0.03283677250146866,
0.02866651862859726,
0.03280062973499298,
0.025314493104815483,
0.056740764528512955,
0.00938818883150816,
-0.0028770414646714926,
-0.062228213995695114,
-0.24326150119304657,
0.04622678458690643,
0.041309062391519547,
-0.031113818287849426,
-0.0019677013624459505,
-0.015462871640920639,
0.04765046760439873,
-0.03900915011763573,
-0.009579459205269814,
-0.06783467531204224,
0.009475302882492542,
0.009290182031691074,
0.08146447688341141,
-0.03532583266496658,
-0.006333244498819113,
-0.004452202934771776,
0.03773389384150505,
-0.07454010844230652,
0.027870142832398415,
0.08078993856906891,
0.016827402636408806,
-0.04694468528032303,
0.02462123893201351,
0.005914176348596811,
0.0058264294639229774,
-0.034685831516981125,
0.03235394507646561,
0.005017357878386974,
0.08293109387159348,
0.01831628568470478,
0.017199013382196426,
0.029157832264900208,
0.042154744267463684,
-0.12280604988336563,
0.05443381145596504,
0.05314528942108154,
0.012887964025139809,
0.03213372454047203,
0.011836158111691475,
-0.036366697400808334,
0.07521824538707733,
-0.08791150152683258,
-0.023440029472112656,
-0.006587294861674309,
-0.004312986508011818,
0.00736178457736969,
-0.02324322797358036,
0.00416810205206275,
-0.05231628194451332,
0.04306698590517044,
-0.007522209081798792,
0.012103536166250706,
0.02160506509244442,
0.001526647130958736,
-0.03668103367090225,
0.02922942116856575,
-0.022640936076641083,
0.019630925729870796,
0.010451463051140308,
0.06182657182216644,
0.01595943607389927,
0.019742067903280258,
0.024423010647296906,
0.013307699002325535,
-0.04041698947548866,
-0.04792817682027817,
-0.01873985305428505,
0.035903189331293106,
0.02605946734547615,
0.021885722875595093,
0.38057994842529297,
-0.04570929333567619,
0.026477700099349022,
-0.06932322680950165,
-0.055885691195726395,
0.031164633110165596,
-0.03858853876590729,
-0.007595824543386698,
-0.016429303213953972,
0.010338527150452137,
-0.0186113603413105,
0.04050162062048912,
0.03631813824176788,
0.0618327371776104,
-0.09643952548503876,
-0.01574871875345707,
0.0257693063467741,
0.013744514435529709,
0.018093012273311615,
-0.019202090799808502,
0.01729682646691799,
-0.024038847535848618,
0.013481548987329006,
-0.0014824314275756478,
-0.017334267497062683,
0.030824659392237663,
-0.00028880470199510455,
-0.0585055835545063,
0.01511117909103632,
0.054582007229328156,
0.03919791430234909,
0.029751980677247047,
-0.015193955041468143,
-0.021436015143990517,
0.025953272357583046,
0.014155566692352295,
0.031191790476441383,
0.033167753368616104,
-0.03573920950293541,
0.030574949458241463,
-0.006679160054773092,
-0.08925320953130722,
-0.0047833905555307865,
-0.03842886537313461,
-0.06334245949983597,
-0.02861620858311653,
0.08612287044525146,
0.04389575123786926,
-0.029914384707808495,
-0.08003545552492142,
-0.0023973165079951286,
-0.06342307478189468,
0.043216824531555176,
-0.050683606415987015,
-0.004804430529475212,
0.007162701338529587,
0.007156605366617441,
-0.02144148387014866,
-0.09613154828548431,
-0.03615782409906387,
-0.009216085076332092,
-0.025367481634020805,
-0.02482309751212597,
-0.04305359348654747,
0.13866715133190155,
0.016038119792938232,
-0.05050870403647423,
0.01221432350575924,
-0.021863887086510658,
0.04559941217303276,
-0.016588982194662094,
0.028764039278030396,
-0.014294549822807312,
0.027536455541849136,
0.0042398241348564625,
-0.025762753561139107,
0.04948796331882477,
0.04775180295109749,
-0.04505564272403717,
0.014103093184530735,
-0.0067511312663555145,
0.07351461797952652,
-0.00009373088687425479,
0.001546190120279789,
0.0676368772983551,
0.039836034178733826,
0.03537137806415558,
-0.07196442782878876,
-0.0012427885085344315,
-0.011847353540360928,
0.0036894141230732203,
-0.012206809595227242,
0.02787967585027218,
-0.05379822105169296,
0.06687644869089127,
-0.05454438924789429,
-0.008912477642297745,
-0.03663737699389458,
0.01610892079770565,
-0.0053862095810472965,
0.004723058547824621,
0.11455820500850677,
0.013160699978470802,
-0.04277181997895241,
0.047780316323041916,
0.053995709866285324,
0.03545774891972542,
-0.024600349366664886,
0.000025540242859278806,
0.029684217646718025,
-0.003050248371437192,
-0.04444824159145355,
0.0057130553759634495,
-0.019349226728081703,
0.005643186159431934,
-0.024163629859685898,
0.013571004383265972,
0.02082803100347519,
0.05234362557530403,
0.019805792719125748,
-0.0014219611184671521,
0.054865747690200806,
0.013225688599050045,
-0.033244386315345764,
-0.28924739360809326,
0.005906431470066309,
-0.0008667035726830363,
0.004072895739227533,
0.055594027042388916,
-0.08756741881370544,
0.004494763910770416,
-0.04354923963546753,
0.008771630935370922,
-0.052290912717580795,
0.029272643849253654,
0.07278522104024887,
-0.03349624574184418,
-0.06971430033445358,
-0.040349334478378296,
0.024439821019768715,
0.03593004122376442,
0.006541655398905277,
0.05267512798309326,
-0.03656352683901787,
0.010823552496731281,
-0.02741367369890213,
-0.0608622282743454,
-0.006062430329620838,
-0.0029513861518353224,
-0.007034157868474722,
0.1046193540096283,
-0.011169946752488613,
-0.009094157256186008,
0.05370846763253212,
0.014668270945549011,
-0.01962595246732235,
-0.048766858875751495,
-0.09493597596883774,
-0.05396460369229317,
-0.012140272185206413,
0.053885411471128464,
-0.08594228327274323,
0.018401989713311195,
-0.0718594342470169,
-0.02654389850795269,
0.02519366703927517,
-0.014298119582235813,
-0.03552638739347458,
-0.08288189023733139,
0.034346360713243484,
-0.005102354101836681,
0.057713910937309265,
-0.010630613192915916,
0.009616933763027191,
0.042118433862924576,
-0.006133809685707092,
0.04048148915171623,
-0.03323083370923996,
0.01526541355997324,
0.00027441157726570964,
-0.011091796681284904,
0.03638647496700287,
-0.04525310546159744,
-0.03966712951660156,
0.01532032061368227,
0.05468316748738289,
0.015954453498125076,
0.02970314212143421,
0.014677014201879501,
-0.04791748523712158,
0.04602643847465515,
-0.04130580276250839,
0.035422179847955704,
-0.0041670589707791805,
0.017507819458842278,
0.09425508230924606,
-0.06755959242582321,
0.026289161294698715,
0.06136799603700638,
0.03825398162007332,
-0.048040781170129776,
-0.06549590080976486,
-0.08610980957746506,
0.027558987960219383,
-0.040710676461458206,
0.003903527744114399,
0.054148852825164795,
-0.044281281530857086,
-0.00968235731124878,
-0.05422991141676903,
-0.027336182072758675,
0.01196685153990984,
0.03238048031926155,
0.011519398540258408,
0.05074811726808548,
0.010898765176534653,
-0.01524656917899847,
-0.0027716008480638266,
0.0313323512673378,
0.0984293594956398,
-0.2745402455329895,
0.024493519216775894,
0.04184938594698906,
-0.005989507772028446,
-0.04135511443018913,
0.031483303755521774,
0.08338083326816559,
-0.010993839241564274,
-0.05847729742527008,
-0.0006792977219447494,
0.00200851121917367,
0.039951469749212265,
0.049266260117292404,
0.02092057839035988,
0.015967363491654396,
0.01978839747607708,
0.041538480669260025,
-0.05774913728237152,
-0.03561125695705414,
0.012529425323009491,
0.016752079129219055,
-0.0308147631585598,
0.16080355644226074,
-0.03641654923558235,
-0.03411053493618965,
0.07747739553451538,
0.009935424663126469,
0.06663189083337784,
0.0038172679487615824,
0.010676938109099865,
-0.05830448865890503,
0.06038453429937363,
0.017923258244991302,
-0.042963918298482895,
0.02254788763821125,
0.007958539761602879,
-0.016696268692612648,
-0.01141499076038599,
-0.006975158583372831,
-0.024496188387274742,
0.0001446422829758376,
-0.009505524300038815,
-0.038870781660079956,
0.0032619559206068516,
0.033395107835531235,
-0.05549108237028122,
-0.07106520980596542,
-0.022968895733356476,
0.007917202077805996,
-0.039329033344984055,
-0.042574599385261536,
0.018074290826916695,
-0.01611080765724182,
0.02862747758626938,
0.015902874991297722,
0.06783436983823776,
-0.019549451768398285,
0.021463686600327492,
0.03863545134663582,
-0.0071885776706039906,
-0.0342363566160202,
-0.036101676523685455,
0.0024619591422379017,
0.07328829169273376,
0.03703536093235016
] |
PMID:19616
|
Fluorometric determination of nadolol in human serum and urine.
|
To determine nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in serum and urine, the drug is extracted into n-butyl acetate or ether from alkaline potassium chloride saturated samples. After back-extraction into 0.1 N HCl, the drug is oxidized with periodic acid; the resulting aldehyde is coupled with o-phenylenediamine to produce a fluorescent compound. The method can measure as little as 0.01 microgram of nadolol/sample.
|
Fluorometric determination of nadolol in human serum and urine. To determine nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in serum and urine, the drug is extracted into n-butyl acetate or ether from alkaline potassium chloride saturated samples. After back-extraction into 0.1 N HCl, the drug is oxidized with periodic acid; the resulting aldehyde is coupled with o-phenylenediamine to produce a fluorescent compound. The method can measure as little as 0.01 microgram of nadolol/sample.
|
[
-0.04373700171709061,
0.03632868453860283,
-0.004197017289698124,
0.0027418690733611584,
0.053369831293821335,
0.04205339774489403,
0.10330351442098618,
0.0037256679497659206,
-0.031751152127981186,
-0.0818198099732399,
0.00933859683573246,
-0.03143000602722168,
0.044183697551488876,
0.02776789478957653,
-0.11132778972387314,
-0.029435141012072563,
0.0485554076731205,
-0.008114632219076157,
0.02200968749821186,
-0.00516909547150135,
0.003795265918597579,
-0.004915550351142883,
-0.031014597043395042,
0.008209164254367352,
0.07922572642564774,
0.032557662576436996,
-0.008888199925422668,
-0.03921378776431084,
-0.054153911769390106,
-0.17148832976818085,
0.06052190065383911,
0.0026431079022586346,
-0.02855231985449791,
-0.0541035495698452,
0.01877516694366932,
0.05230322480201721,
-0.002295288722962141,
0.033761415630578995,
0.007701946422457695,
0.010710204020142555,
-0.006867000833153725,
-0.042972903698682785,
-0.030934873968362808,
0.008058574981987476,
0.029049359261989594,
-0.011386522091925144,
-0.0357169508934021,
0.0673416405916214,
0.11209645122289658,
0.030449511483311653,
0.028735388070344925,
0.011814623139798641,
0.052455537021160126,
0.015443346463143826,
0.04730896279215813,
-0.06576280295848846,
0.02518143691122532,
0.04097290337085724,
-0.041304200887680054,
0.040157217532396317,
-0.02806735597550869,
0.031778737902641296,
-0.15944117307662964,
0.0031625847332179546,
-0.004021590109914541,
-0.000008911047189030796,
0.008024251088500023,
0.0119765754789114,
0.020471569150686264,
0.017310377210378647,
0.04267479106783867,
0.056945838034152985,
0.002665857085958123,
-0.012547512538731098,
0.024396440014243126,
-0.0075888438150286674,
0.014809047803282738,
0.011716640554368496,
0.025130830705165863,
-0.012221738696098328,
0.0028554415330290794,
0.00026380058261565864,
-0.03773600980639458,
-0.0009692001040093601,
0.039186056703329086,
0.040256086736917496,
0.08388573676347733,
-0.024764589965343475,
0.04808974638581276,
0.04148690775036812,
-0.005971210543066263,
-0.026727326214313507,
-0.0360754057765007,
-0.015490226447582245,
-0.07355214655399323,
-0.044117528945207596,
-0.08317986875772476,
-0.007361151278018951,
0.02626790478825569,
0.3491625189781189,
0.042721353471279144,
0.03131963312625885,
-0.0857134684920311,
-0.06963411718606949,
-0.018366390839219093,
-0.019973360002040863,
-0.043612249195575714,
0.020407365635037422,
-0.00044105303823016584,
0.040746357291936874,
0.01895514316856861,
-0.0243102815002203,
0.05949941277503967,
-0.08982085436582565,
-0.019464541226625443,
-0.052011888474226,
0.044934723526239395,
-0.020581316202878952,
-0.007121438160538673,
0.02444915473461151,
-0.010911994613707066,
-0.04748105630278587,
0.046015068888664246,
-0.0441349521279335,
0.07491353899240494,
0.0018523833714425564,
-0.0018823440186679363,
0.11799385398626328,
0.03511026129126549,
0.07465614378452301,
0.028039738535881042,
0.0278664231300354,
-0.046669717878103256,
0.009244249202311039,
0.014615422114729881,
0.004941038321703672,
0.05534415319561958,
0.02544008381664753,
0.028874505311250687,
-0.012872010469436646,
-0.04348856583237648,
-0.012931217439472675,
-0.015725359320640564,
-0.030207771807909012,
-0.08265067636966705,
0.09488869458436966,
-0.014559611678123474,
-0.011796964332461357,
0.0066008553840219975,
-0.03812388703227043,
-0.041773635894060135,
0.05982593819499016,
-0.05792869254946709,
0.08269814401865005,
-0.030950574204325676,
-0.007087152451276779,
0.013195854611694813,
-0.02918163686990738,
-0.04138326272368431,
0.022809023037552834,
-0.07817032933235168,
-0.04647902771830559,
0.005280383862555027,
0.07415182888507843,
-0.02408035658299923,
-0.03244202584028244,
-0.005203869193792343,
-0.005429242737591267,
-0.009976334869861603,
-0.017149416729807854,
0.05621962621808052,
-0.031883835792541504,
0.009010540321469307,
-0.008689750917255878,
-0.060958389192819595,
0.01836703158915043,
0.017842477187514305,
0.030134962871670723,
0.038426391780376434,
-0.05418485403060913,
0.01242977473884821,
0.010376141406595707,
-0.009875844232738018,
-0.015240194275975227,
0.06132829189300537,
-0.0005616831476800144,
0.01649026945233345,
-0.020822575315833092,
-0.013977591879665852,
0.0244767963886261,
-0.043602075427770615,
0.046623315662145615,
-0.07121571153402328,
0.014848506078124046,
-0.050712816417217255,
0.008112365379929543,
-0.0474882572889328,
0.016795791685581207,
-0.04689337685704231,
-0.006039001047611237,
0.11965779960155487,
-0.007652944885194302,
0.04891960322856903,
0.018395211547613144,
0.032790325582027435,
0.058675605803728104,
0.03018212877213955,
-0.03444289416074753,
0.06872720271348953,
0.045605968683958054,
-0.0018638964975252748,
0.039887502789497375,
-0.012441953644156456,
0.034754227846860886,
-0.0408172644674778,
0.022825168445706367,
-0.014506438747048378,
-0.045359596610069275,
0.013681192882359028,
0.022594541311264038,
0.040376659482717514,
0.016070546582341194,
-0.015311075374484062,
-0.3135676980018616,
0.029075294733047485,
0.06037617474794388,
-0.0023284568451344967,
0.06688228994607925,
-0.051442649215459824,
0.05929800495505333,
-0.0489591509103775,
-0.06066029891371727,
-0.04175706207752228,
0.08726833760738373,
0.05182917043566704,
-0.02735774964094162,
0.0033054843079298735,
-0.03908757492899895,
0.057331860065460205,
0.012392629869282246,
-0.017463233321905136,
-0.030968740582466125,
0.025036312639713287,
0.056227006018161774,
-0.05770496279001236,
-0.04931661859154701,
0.032272275537252426,
0.02741713635623455,
-0.019357962533831596,
0.09880775958299637,
0.0047468626871705055,
-0.022796880453824997,
0.013545559719204903,
0.00211102026514709,
-0.002925409469753504,
-0.03773435577750206,
-0.1245993971824646,
-0.01494702510535717,
-0.05053897574543953,
-0.021962333470582962,
-0.0004490653518587351,
-0.021937360987067223,
0.010249690152704716,
-0.019805895164608955,
0.028227856382727623,
0.04366685450077057,
-0.022417496889829636,
-0.062468450516462326,
0.028448738157749176,
-0.01988292671740055,
-0.006935464218258858,
-0.027534743770956993,
-0.020771056413650513,
0.01962076686322689,
0.04396728798747063,
0.022516511380672455,
-0.04707030579447746,
0.005452259909361601,
-0.008385737426578999,
-0.027378004044294357,
-0.05451749265193939,
-0.005761031061410904,
-0.01198591198772192,
0.013095777481794357,
0.03731900081038475,
0.048047780990600586,
-0.03243081271648407,
0.0259664636105299,
0.027517424896359444,
0.02509935013949871,
-0.05115646496415138,
0.04912801459431648,
-0.01008964329957962,
0.029887225478887558,
0.11402875185012817,
-0.030120693147182465,
0.043268367648124695,
0.02740568108856678,
0.031231578439474106,
0.007044082973152399,
-0.0778973326086998,
-0.028263654559850693,
0.01408907026052475,
-0.025967009365558624,
-0.0764019638299942,
0.02936250902712345,
-0.014468580484390259,
-0.02791876718401909,
-0.016470566391944885,
0.02826312929391861,
-0.009906408376991749,
0.03757298365235329,
0.04264077916741371,
-0.03329715132713318,
0.019701305776834488,
0.03056953474879265,
-0.07420872151851654,
-0.016525842249393463,
-0.013319125398993492,
-0.27320942282676697,
-0.020358528941869736,
0.016761207953095436,
0.035755183547735214,
0.030927298590540886,
-0.015993306413292885,
0.06853966414928436,
-0.02893967181444168,
-0.041887570172548294,
0.02337147481739521,
-0.004882363136857748,
-0.003890826366841793,
0.01181415468454361,
0.023238737136125565,
-0.0013614468043670058,
0.028051691129803658,
0.06333709508180618,
-0.033449262380599976,
-0.025558946654200554,
-0.03625127300620079,
0.061547793447971344,
-0.055600523948669434,
0.1345212161540985,
-0.017989523708820343,
-0.04072977975010872,
0.05129822716116905,
0.018251031637191772,
-0.0019880745094269514,
-0.044767964631319046,
-0.013483726419508457,
-0.04079078882932663,
0.0022563552483916283,
0.035987451672554016,
-0.033751245588064194,
0.03226231411099434,
0.023899462074041367,
-0.06782450526952744,
0.016305670142173767,
-0.014685745351016521,
-0.0042519415728747845,
-0.03288179263472557,
0.010739284567534924,
-0.0896628275513649,
0.012124776840209961,
0.07058262079954147,
-0.09701298922300339,
-0.0863426923751831,
0.009754538536071777,
0.026029299944639206,
0.009607703424990177,
-0.029361499473452568,
0.01488951314240694,
0.049637001007795334,
0.0537501722574234,
0.04581610858440399,
-0.04138587787747383,
-0.04979495331645012,
-0.024261735379695892,
0.0009226308320648968,
-0.026180515065789223,
-0.08863311260938644,
0.0003572384302970022,
0.043888214975595474,
0.04337535426020622,
0.03495875746011734
] |
PMID:19617
|
Degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media.
|
The apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. This thiazole was the primary solvolytic product produced in approximately quantitative yields for the temperature range studied and ostensibly underwent no further reaction in acidic media even on prolonged heating. Investigations were carried out at various pH values in standard buffers at constant ionic strength. The ionization constants of the compounds are reported as well as the apparent activation energies for the degradation in acid and acetate buffers. The influence of ionic strength on the velocity constant was determined.
|
Degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media. The apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. This thiazole was the primary solvolytic product produced in approximately quantitative yields for the temperature range studied and ostensibly underwent no further reaction in acidic media even on prolonged heating. Investigations were carried out at various pH values in standard buffers at constant ionic strength. The ionization constants of the compounds are reported as well as the apparent activation energies for the degradation in acid and acetate buffers. The influence of ionic strength on the velocity constant was determined.
|
[
-0.08657225221395493,
0.008094166405498981,
-0.015043720602989197,
0.025314616039395332,
0.04453451931476593,
-0.0005351600120775402,
0.017743337899446487,
0.021835222840309143,
-0.03466111049056053,
-0.006334718782454729,
-0.017818892374634743,
-0.037576861679553986,
0.02220868691802025,
0.06289973855018616,
-0.015375317074358463,
-0.011864915490150452,
0.025796789675951004,
-0.02368117682635784,
-0.03828410804271698,
-0.02640831284224987,
-0.02092728577554226,
-0.03965064510703087,
0.05384274944663048,
0.08172912895679474,
0.028921812772750854,
0.033361755311489105,
0.041598252952098846,
0.02612517960369587,
-0.03402762487530708,
-0.19046616554260254,
-0.0291286651045084,
-0.010292043909430504,
0.016399238258600235,
-0.07327321916818619,
0.0011629604268819094,
0.030625851824879646,
-0.03291141614317894,
0.004460909869521856,
-0.053412921726703644,
0.0011350309941917658,
0.036494180560112,
0.057414572685956955,
-0.0406634584069252,
0.01024968083947897,
0.013782002031803131,
-0.008028260432183743,
-0.043525468558073044,
0.031657468527555466,
0.09202650189399719,
0.028402265161275864,
0.015148903243243694,
0.038661859929561615,
0.004651050549000502,
-0.005220641382038593,
-0.014976335689425468,
0.005003755912184715,
0.0184196624904871,
0.05084006115794182,
-0.023792017251253128,
-0.008328511379659176,
0.03151756152510643,
0.02205820567905903,
-0.13052470982074738,
0.030530156567692757,
0.036452196538448334,
0.03921271115541458,
0.023709943518042564,
-0.001393082900904119,
0.015290611423552036,
0.0602547712624073,
-0.07301467657089233,
0.010559643618762493,
0.021779995411634445,
0.0371689572930336,
0.032711975276470184,
-0.009434472769498825,
0.019572075456380844,
-0.021817326545715332,
-0.023266710340976715,
-0.03609404340386391,
0.026648864150047302,
-0.04500710591673851,
-0.029756417497992516,
-0.005073138512670994,
-0.018216654658317566,
-0.013365024700760841,
0.04130439832806587,
-0.014740275219082832,
0.018983235582709312,
-0.002101362217217684,
-0.00025323714362457395,
-0.010432792827486992,
0.006235118489712477,
0.008775166235864162,
-0.07040804624557495,
0.0377492792904377,
-0.052353635430336,
0.017101988196372986,
0.02277645841240883,
0.4295491874217987,
0.012022719718515873,
-0.012183109298348427,
-0.04026400297880173,
-0.06003876402974129,
-0.013438202440738678,
0.009067227132618427,
-0.028118515387177467,
0.0026796613819897175,
0.05814814940094948,
0.024786902591586113,
-0.020624658092856407,
-0.01425088569521904,
0.03992430865764618,
-0.031809840351343155,
0.005655472166836262,
0.004414123948663473,
-0.020908111706376076,
-0.0004485432873480022,
-0.006081884726881981,
0.01627512089908123,
0.0035308103542774916,
-0.01679104194045067,
0.04819789528846741,
0.007869665510952473,
0.012831401079893112,
-0.01787615567445755,
-0.01787133887410164,
0.06060522422194481,
0.01064438559114933,
0.035682667046785355,
0.03766787052154541,
-0.011707792989909649,
-0.040693655610084534,
-0.017432324588298798,
-0.011751970276236534,
-0.03708332031965256,
0.0752987414598465,
-0.02830619178712368,
0.0019229411846026778,
-0.0026993914507329464,
-0.02638470008969307,
-0.024056728929281235,
-0.046037737280130386,
-0.09351253509521484,
-0.037604887038469315,
0.03332230821251869,
0.03155005723237991,
0.01636485382914543,
-0.08741411566734314,
0.018801454454660416,
-0.04493985325098038,
0.05167684331536293,
-0.02052454650402069,
0.018946446478366852,
0.031138185411691666,
0.02469376102089882,
-0.012694421224296093,
-0.035967059433460236,
-0.0641266256570816,
0.08993464708328247,
-0.07334823906421661,
-0.021104684099555016,
-0.025347653776407242,
0.1367563158273697,
-0.035765718668699265,
0.00553538603708148,
-0.015398452058434486,
-0.0487683080136776,
-0.010347487404942513,
0.05443444103002548,
0.02409629337489605,
0.024266505613923073,
-0.02625422179698944,
0.008736415766179562,
-0.10701672732830048,
0.026232410222291946,
0.04243537783622742,
-0.03070424310863018,
0.02530600130558014,
-0.035203658044338226,
0.009199103340506554,
0.020660974085330963,
0.0213627852499485,
0.054271895438432693,
0.09829507768154144,
0.03315427526831627,
-0.0091634476557374,
0.04056597873568535,
0.0670391321182251,
0.0318070724606514,
-0.06595287472009659,
-0.007196828257292509,
-0.06679704785346985,
0.05972863361239433,
-0.017425859346985817,
-0.010345261543989182,
-0.07195652276277542,
-0.016746994107961655,
0.03125118836760521,
-0.03644435852766037,
0.1189359724521637,
0.017934516072273254,
-0.027837654575705528,
0.05276745185256004,
0.05079933628439903,
0.002379989018663764,
-0.0064397528767585754,
0.01627538539469242,
0.04983334243297577,
0.0018744259141385555,
-0.03892093896865845,
-0.0575563870370388,
-0.0310087688267231,
-0.032139040529727936,
-0.025189777836203575,
-0.010004254989326,
0.03778473287820816,
0.009082223288714886,
0.010029836557805538,
0.01655481569468975,
0.058801740407943726,
-0.09093980491161346,
-0.01859040930867195,
-0.2731485664844513,
-0.02576693706214428,
-0.015542913228273392,
-0.009904849343001842,
0.10797449946403503,
-0.06608941406011581,
-0.02453821711242199,
-0.08293746411800385,
-0.0274523738771677,
-0.0766034871339798,
0.00674186646938324,
0.06849104911088943,
-0.02858562208712101,
-0.057760678231716156,
-0.016276100650429726,
-0.016452865675091743,
0.0064119137823581696,
-0.021691542118787766,
0.047885749489068985,
0.01514204777777195,
0.03991696983575821,
-0.0417342446744442,
-0.04095151647925377,
-0.022828765213489532,
0.04095400869846344,
-0.02442813105881214,
0.08727773278951645,
0.002966409781947732,
0.042171355336904526,
0.0046734558418393135,
0.02798827923834324,
0.05837497487664223,
-0.036839768290519714,
-0.05588369071483612,
-0.039228469133377075,
-0.043729618191719055,
0.006736242678016424,
-0.056860070675611496,
-0.017093554139137268,
0.011951691471040249,
-0.034005265682935715,
-0.0029362912755459547,
-0.00589972548186779,
-0.057013530284166336,
-0.02729015424847603,
0.03379806503653526,
0.0032773239072412252,
0.030533580109477043,
0.01110351737588644,
0.02203460969030857,
0.04377772659063339,
0.00949498638510704,
0.022149236872792244,
-0.0461619608104229,
0.028098255395889282,
0.007652687840163708,
-0.04895210638642311,
0.10395225137472153,
-0.05217921733856201,
-0.0702795758843422,
0.013919237069785595,
0.0031239748932421207,
0.030166424810886383,
0.03923020511865616,
-0.004858108703047037,
-0.02432839199900627,
-0.02228282392024994,
-0.025512976571917534,
0.054081544280052185,
0.01754518784582615,
-0.0032548215240240097,
0.12305643409490585,
-0.06644503027200699,
0.016324888914823532,
0.06220509484410286,
-0.014576573856174946,
-0.03498876467347145,
-0.0019105894025415182,
-0.07961665838956833,
-0.02849862352013588,
-0.008595670573413372,
0.021042827516794205,
0.08586050570011139,
-0.04063725844025612,
0.026530671864748,
0.013693604618310928,
-0.029616208747029305,
-0.0017820975044742227,
0.01288564596325159,
-0.012034322135150433,
-0.014054273255169392,
0.036401811987161636,
-0.043890032917261124,
-0.045269936323165894,
0.03781338781118393,
0.023922402411699295,
-0.2817484736442566,
-0.03233376890420914,
0.05938153341412544,
0.029797643423080444,
-0.04730583727359772,
-0.011782133020460606,
0.06898335367441177,
0.01648080162703991,
-0.034262385219335556,
-0.013064328581094742,
-0.05395786091685295,
0.02979130856692791,
0.0116013428196311,
0.023907789960503578,
0.0014558621915057302,
-0.05510304495692253,
0.009159164503216743,
-0.06558392196893692,
-0.015399476513266563,
0.022834626957774162,
0.0022742224391549826,
0.0007632461492903531,
0.12498082965612411,
0.03862747550010681,
-0.0217229425907135,
0.07572832703590393,
-0.0342806801199913,
0.04798222333192825,
-0.0018610784318298101,
-0.013781503774225712,
-0.028801491484045982,
0.09419857710599899,
0.11240532994270325,
-0.03178836777806282,
0.06227898970246315,
0.0009630287531763315,
-0.022725218906998634,
0.001926443655975163,
-0.0518781952559948,
0.017828524112701416,
-0.01749655231833458,
-0.03767918422818184,
-0.044515494257211685,
-0.0019394796108826995,
0.06083688139915466,
-0.01836324669420719,
-0.02973528951406479,
-0.03823816031217575,
-0.026133935898542404,
0.022944074124097824,
0.0019518438493832946,
-0.019020147621631622,
0.02275545336306095,
0.03255544602870941,
0.0394667387008667,
0.04552457109093666,
-0.0077059585601091385,
-0.0034591511357575655,
0.007768623996526003,
0.002137045608833432,
-0.020061412826180458,
-0.02327084168791771,
0.0017135115340352058,
0.04973641410470009,
0.051963891834020615
] |
PMID:19620
|
An in vivo assay for the analysis of the biological potency and structure-activity relationships of narcotics: serum testosterone depletion in the male rat.
|
An in vivo method for the assessment of the agonistic-antagonistic activities and structure-activity relationships of the narcotics is described. The method, which is based on the depletion of serum testosterone levels by the narcotics in the male, satisfies all of the criteria necessary for a valid narcotic assay: 1) The ability of the narcotics to deplete serum testosterone levels is stereospecific; 2) naloxone competitively inhibits their effects; 3) and the relative potencies of the drugs in depressing serum testosterone levels parallels their activity in inhibiting electrically induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum, the binding of [3H]opiates to "receptors" in rat brain homogenates and their relative effectiveness as analgesics. Although only rats were used in the current studies, the method can be easily adapted for use in any species, including man.
|
An in vivo assay for the analysis of the biological potency and structure-activity relationships of narcotics: serum testosterone depletion in the male rat. An in vivo method for the assessment of the agonistic-antagonistic activities and structure-activity relationships of the narcotics is described. The method, which is based on the depletion of serum testosterone levels by the narcotics in the male, satisfies all of the criteria necessary for a valid narcotic assay: 1) The ability of the narcotics to deplete serum testosterone levels is stereospecific; 2) naloxone competitively inhibits their effects; 3) and the relative potencies of the drugs in depressing serum testosterone levels parallels their activity in inhibiting electrically induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum, the binding of [3H]opiates to "receptors" in rat brain homogenates and their relative effectiveness as analgesics. Although only rats were used in the current studies, the method can be easily adapted for use in any species, including man.
|
[
0.016409391537308693,
0.019917745143175125,
0.040295396000146866,
-0.05076447129249573,
0.04595727100968361,
0.02495134249329567,
0.10059317946434021,
0.05675007402896881,
-0.05054701492190361,
-0.057898614555597305,
0.007519983686506748,
-0.015116285532712936,
0.04299328103661537,
0.025914911180734634,
-0.014311743900179863,
-0.0018394869985058904,
-0.04431735351681709,
-0.012018405832350254,
-0.011094613000750542,
0.020671719685196877,
0.03218274936079979,
-0.004316926933825016,
-0.009884805418550968,
0.03701218590140343,
0.02202102355659008,
0.01849552057683468,
-0.020512772724032402,
-0.019366974011063576,
-0.06564385443925858,
-0.16539035737514496,
0.0039182063192129135,
0.017696615308523178,
0.02438141405582428,
-0.0271835308521986,
-0.032701894640922546,
0.018993061035871506,
-0.03745793551206589,
-0.028604792430996895,
0.023348690941929817,
0.037691306322813034,
0.08030753582715988,
0.0006389867048710585,
-0.010221254080533981,
0.06491107493638992,
0.01324536930769682,
0.013612881302833557,
-0.08868292719125748,
0.02369832620024681,
0.0721408799290657,
0.01900302618741989,
0.008095389232039452,
-0.057587880641222,
0.05152704194188118,
0.0737774446606636,
0.04020005837082863,
-0.00767682958394289,
-0.003174558747559786,
0.029177185148000717,
-0.06522253155708313,
0.06685110181570053,
-0.007648163009434938,
0.054032646119594574,
-0.13174185156822205,
0.022896593436598778,
0.06019880622625351,
0.003303447738289833,
-0.034482311457395554,
-0.02825785055756569,
0.059071388095617294,
0.03754761070013046,
-0.036922089755535126,
0.03794087469577789,
0.029792658984661102,
-0.010845604352653027,
0.01084880530834198,
-0.057709094136953354,
-0.01217117253690958,
-0.019299916923046112,
0.0026182245928794146,
0.005489913746714592,
0.020164551213383675,
-0.0007622224511578679,
0.03946404159069061,
0.016914112493395805,
-0.032212994992733,
-0.056647397577762604,
0.02035968191921711,
-0.059172168374061584,
0.024674799293279648,
0.04936736449599266,
-0.037233784794807434,
-0.03385215252637863,
-0.021670455113053322,
-0.01391231082379818,
-0.05221021547913551,
0.026139046996831894,
-0.011109864339232445,
0.0008064890280365944,
-0.03576396405696869,
0.3967314660549164,
0.002326614921912551,
-0.0005474619683809578,
-0.05702080577611923,
-0.027340635657310486,
0.0004380650061648339,
0.035961128771305084,
-0.004322049207985401,
-0.055986180901527405,
-0.09307323396205902,
0.08551280200481415,
0.057887300848960876,
0.04044700041413307,
0.01684768684208393,
-0.030110031366348267,
-0.010712533257901669,
-0.01207208726555109,
0.06314650923013687,
0.038051992654800415,
-0.007929148152470589,
-0.02457933872938156,
-0.010244487784802914,
-0.000030266031899373047,
0.03614154830574989,
-0.010984682478010654,
0.06255658715963364,
-0.08363569527864456,
-0.02527155727148056,
0.0968090072274208,
0.008596982806921005,
0.0038185606244951487,
0.02509450353682041,
0.03446843847632408,
0.017979128286242485,
0.037733495235443115,
-0.010089699178934097,
-0.024081246927380562,
0.02291388250887394,
0.006289930082857609,
0.017838792875409126,
0.01475760992616415,
-0.07085379213094711,
-0.05616273358464241,
-0.0035320876631885767,
-0.01944102719426155,
-0.0242986511439085,
0.05455061420798302,
0.02022738754749298,
-0.027237657457590103,
-0.024721285328269005,
-0.0011663231998682022,
-0.006413293536752462,
0.022630775347352028,
-0.015528610907495022,
0.028261080384254456,
-0.029885604977607727,
0.007090962026268244,
0.028009982779622078,
-0.015213596634566784,
-0.05906692147254944,
0.0007856767624616623,
-0.09826269000768661,
-0.0335351824760437,
-0.034454625099897385,
0.06799351423978806,
-0.001491630682721734,
0.01564205437898636,
-0.029730629175901413,
0.07853130251169205,
-0.029797909781336784,
-0.03169441223144531,
0.0074093881994485855,
-0.003788818372413516,
-0.06576366722583771,
0.018572336062788963,
-0.07003951817750931,
0.0017208110075443983,
0.05963154882192612,
-0.004683863837271929,
0.0058562420308589935,
-0.013988145627081394,
0.025740046054124832,
-0.07065188884735107,
-0.04609803110361099,
0.048107732087373734,
-0.0020436025224626064,
0.06622461974620819,
-0.01425180397927761,
0.02518175169825554,
0.0018964404007419944,
0.019189564511179924,
0.0008319825283251703,
-0.005558220203965902,
-0.05228329449892044,
-0.013188892044126987,
-0.03515494242310524,
-0.044144611805677414,
-0.05990433320403099,
0.016983507201075554,
-0.01850980520248413,
0.03173399344086647,
0.09356249868869781,
-0.004751020111143589,
0.04553590342402458,
0.03153986856341362,
0.009838992729783058,
0.08829299360513687,
0.024732626974582672,
0.022414246574044228,
0.06005305051803589,
-0.0001987549476325512,
-0.025047775357961655,
0.020543469116091728,
-0.0121108153834939,
0.041030798107385635,
-0.014221351593732834,
-0.014818749390542507,
0.01243630051612854,
-0.04778628423810005,
0.016731813549995422,
0.05170377343893051,
-0.030671020969748497,
-0.014241128228604794,
0.041889578104019165,
-0.3074873089790344,
-0.02984536997973919,
0.050802506506443024,
0.02864951081573963,
0.07832979410886765,
-0.07473219186067581,
0.02933390438556671,
-0.07945176959037781,
-0.006116734817624092,
-0.02613685466349125,
0.025265254080295563,
0.07448034733533859,
-0.022765496745705605,
0.022544600069522858,
-0.0070532881654798985,
0.05201254412531853,
0.02505176141858101,
-0.052076611667871475,
-0.023902839049696922,
0.01009310968220234,
-0.02364233508706093,
-0.03392685204744339,
-0.005807758774608374,
-0.01130623184144497,
0.028143595904111862,
0.00023937724472489208,
0.12071862816810608,
0.01994219236075878,
-0.0013869889080524445,
0.019142750650644302,
-0.008796345442533493,
0.0247664637863636,
0.013278382830321789,
-0.10286986827850342,
0.008932926692068577,
0.003814897034317255,
0.011792250908911228,
-0.0111687695607543,
0.003164922818541527,
0.011419172398746014,
-0.06965221464633942,
0.037988901138305664,
0.03824527561664581,
-0.044926825910806656,
-0.07049626111984253,
-0.03480944037437439,
-0.008490988053381443,
-0.025298267602920532,
-0.0002740396012086421,
-0.018083451315760612,
0.06682377308607101,
-0.0047239079140126705,
0.006456579081714153,
-0.037948016077280045,
-0.024727655574679375,
-0.009533708915114403,
-0.03436779975891113,
-0.029282618314027786,
-0.043530359864234924,
-0.03598937392234802,
0.05673988536000252,
0.0009385612793266773,
0.04133632034063339,
-0.038843974471092224,
0.02928689308464527,
-0.0026942433323711157,
-0.008456343784928322,
-0.010087041184306145,
0.028574299067258835,
0.041384730488061905,
0.04938439279794693,
0.09348627179861069,
-0.001131493947468698,
-0.004167208448052406,
0.07756277918815613,
0.027512837201356888,
-0.07000885158777237,
-0.057631224393844604,
-0.08543594181537628,
0.06217612698674202,
-0.07007578015327454,
0.028303630650043488,
0.052973441779613495,
-0.01332094892859459,
-0.030526701360940933,
-0.02702835574746132,
0.024635374546051025,
-0.020816029980778694,
0.12594391405582428,
0.010799340903759003,
0.011594461277127266,
0.0067945136688649654,
-0.02980726771056652,
-0.08535389602184296,
0.026678256690502167,
0.04211299121379852,
-0.30345043540000916,
-0.0571950301527977,
0.04781007766723633,
-0.009008203633129597,
0.01979323849081993,
0.018208783119916916,
0.04434499144554138,
-0.003880011383444071,
-0.028032386675477028,
-0.002724634949117899,
0.014602290466427803,
0.047117020934820175,
-0.01054357085376978,
0.010323158465325832,
-0.025265563279390335,
0.019817188382148743,
0.030250094830989838,
-0.05789767950773239,
0.005028190091252327,
-0.036473795771598816,
0.03344056382775307,
-0.02461262233555317,
0.10595197230577469,
-0.005062230862677097,
0.010474996641278267,
0.07009689509868622,
0.02297055348753929,
-0.055821824818849564,
-0.024426208809018135,
-0.04618934541940689,
-0.01901981048285961,
0.029054058715701103,
0.006718342658132315,
-0.04446647688746452,
0.011816905811429024,
0.06635500490665436,
-0.023433905094861984,
0.015322281047701836,
0.031674500554800034,
-0.015356386080384254,
-0.03266044706106186,
0.018102576956152916,
-0.0635177344083786,
-0.04122001305222511,
0.09680171310901642,
-0.09056589007377625,
-0.026561468839645386,
-0.016656745225191116,
0.017890019342303276,
0.0206463485956192,
-0.02905338630080223,
-0.05940547585487366,
0.009163291193544865,
0.040530573576688766,
0.0475313737988472,
-0.011566267348825932,
-0.023936180397868156,
-0.000010253247637592722,
0.029452726244926453,
-0.052744608372449875,
-0.06052335351705551,
0.014475193805992603,
-0.012826659716665745,
0.07424278557300568,
-0.01064246241003275
] |
PMID:19621
|
Direct and beta adrenergic blocking actions of nadolol (SQ 11725) on electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine myocardium.
|
Effects of nadolol, a new beta adrenergic antagonist, were determined on transmembrane potentials of canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular and atrial muscle. Significant alterations in Purkinje fiber potentials occurred only with nadolol concentrations of 10(-4) M or greater. After 1 hour exposure to 10(-4) M, resting potential and action potential amplitude were reduced; at 3 hours, action potential rate of rise, phase 2 duration and action potential duration at 75% repolarization also were decreased. 10(-3) M nadolol also was depressant and, additionally, consistently reduced membrane responsiveness. Nadolol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) had no significant effects on effective refractory period. Ventricular and atrial muscle were less sensitive to all drug concentrations. Nadolol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) had little action on automaticity in normal, ouabain-treated or stretched Purkinje fibers but markedly decreased catecholamine-enhanced automaticity. In isoproterenol-treated Purkinje fibers, pA2 for nadolol was 8.2 and 7.7 for propranolol. Nadolol (10(-3) M or less) did not affect isometric force developed by isolated canine atrial trabeculae. We suggest that direct membrane depressant effects of nadolol do not contribute to its antiarrhythmic activity and that its beta adrenergic blocking ability is beneficial in catecholamine-related cardiac ectopia.
|
Direct and beta adrenergic blocking actions of nadolol (SQ 11725) on electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine myocardium. Effects of nadolol, a new beta adrenergic antagonist, were determined on transmembrane potentials of canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular and atrial muscle. Significant alterations in Purkinje fiber potentials occurred only with nadolol concentrations of 10(-4) M or greater. After 1 hour exposure to 10(-4) M, resting potential and action potential amplitude were reduced; at 3 hours, action potential rate of rise, phase 2 duration and action potential duration at 75% repolarization also were decreased. 10(-3) M nadolol also was depressant and, additionally, consistently reduced membrane responsiveness. Nadolol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) had no significant effects on effective refractory period. Ventricular and atrial muscle were less sensitive to all drug concentrations. Nadolol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) had little action on automaticity in normal, ouabain-treated or stretched Purkinje fibers but markedly decreased catecholamine-enhanced automaticity. In isoproterenol-treated Purkinje fibers, pA2 for nadolol was 8.2 and 7.7 for propranolol. Nadolol (10(-3) M or less) did not affect isometric force developed by isolated canine atrial trabeculae. We suggest that direct membrane depressant effects of nadolol do not contribute to its antiarrhythmic activity and that its beta adrenergic blocking ability is beneficial in catecholamine-related cardiac ectopia.
|
[
-0.05713629722595215,
-0.016736693680286407,
-0.009969196282327175,
0.02273314818739891,
0.031391777098178864,
0.02766147442162037,
0.028695937246084213,
0.024382442235946655,
-0.035539571195840836,
-0.06028953194618225,
-0.007758246269077063,
-0.05456310883164406,
0.01558705884963274,
0.03567642718553543,
-0.0652909204363823,
-0.008085782639682293,
0.0585186630487442,
-0.023143475875258446,
-0.007483175024390221,
-0.03291005641222,
-0.05517778918147087,
0.019046835601329803,
-0.01393312681466341,
0.007786981295794249,
0.022234933450818062,
0.01806950755417347,
-0.0020350331906229258,
0.018755948171019554,
-0.08468692004680634,
-0.17989741265773773,
0.02171313390135765,
0.008597157895565033,
0.024595018476247787,
0.00031083758221939206,
-0.04486073553562164,
0.029925713315606117,
0.009373899549245834,
0.014290111139416695,
-0.041848696768283844,
0.04398432746529579,
0.02948838286101818,
-0.0107188755646348,
-0.017613118514418602,
0.01682974584400654,
0.05127488076686859,
-0.018538858741521835,
-0.03891952335834503,
-0.05063391104340553,
0.10320783406496048,
0.0024105014745146036,
0.011772045865654945,
0.015071355737745762,
0.005854818969964981,
0.02124978043138981,
0.06063377112150192,
-0.045045156031847,
0.01520866621285677,
0.054387789219617844,
-0.0026142492424696684,
0.02740822546184063,
-0.002669587032869458,
0.05438443645834923,
-0.15224215388298035,
0.019222179427742958,
0.02411028929054737,
0.024493951350450516,
-0.014902742579579353,
0.029926719143986702,
0.04190095141530037,
0.037614937871694565,
-0.006062079221010208,
0.08594505488872528,
0.009829291142523289,
-0.008817239664494991,
0.03114590421319008,
0.001674917759373784,
-0.03457314148545265,
0.002868114737793803,
0.01553899422287941,
-0.022085445001721382,
-0.026346411556005478,
-0.04469814524054527,
-0.06612671166658401,
-0.08500736206769943,
0.008362850174307823,
0.04313737526535988,
0.08022803068161011,
-0.03602849692106247,
-0.01884271390736103,
-0.002582649467512965,
0.008270002901554108,
-0.04258694127202034,
-0.011104033328592777,
-0.052288901060819626,
-0.0646875724196434,
0.04717949032783508,
-0.04679369181394577,
-0.018429115414619446,
-0.017137736082077026,
0.3601630926132202,
0.06804430484771729,
0.03487864509224892,
-0.045010536909103394,
-0.02389485202729702,
0.03899082541465759,
-0.041046857833862305,
0.011075757443904877,
0.012077627703547478,
-0.0069108144380152225,
0.058487337082624435,
0.05788058415055275,
-0.062416378408670425,
0.016773873940110207,
-0.009297545067965984,
-0.011432048864662647,
0.0009168967953883111,
0.03259268403053284,
-0.04384244978427887,
0.03240665793418884,
0.04735420271754265,
-0.05707258731126785,
0.006282484624534845,
0.038751211017370224,
-0.030606258660554886,
0.07870801538228989,
-0.0214541032910347,
-0.033443160355091095,
0.1058046817779541,
0.062319472432136536,
0.01984371989965439,
0.044090334326028824,
0.0776844471693039,
-0.009225787594914436,
0.038904234766960144,
0.027766941115260124,
-0.035099778324365616,
0.05469382181763649,
-0.00045928091276437044,
0.015846077352762222,
-0.03345566615462303,
-0.04677925258874893,
-0.034623995423316956,
-0.00985244195908308,
-0.05272035673260689,
-0.051175110042095184,
0.07817059010267258,
0.03548868000507355,
-0.01634231209754944,
-0.038475021719932556,
0.027594003826379776,
-0.033829450607299805,
0.03860055282711983,
0.005592105444520712,
0.06249389052391052,
-0.04695480689406395,
0.0009667439153417945,
0.0031837772112339735,
-0.003122275695204735,
-0.00041036485345102847,
-0.03001645766198635,
-0.10744165629148483,
-0.027470199391245842,
0.03493177145719528,
0.09732537716627121,
-0.015760766342282295,
0.003233900759369135,
-0.06355826556682587,
-0.006757277529686689,
-0.025327268987894058,
-0.002334892749786377,
-0.02222304418683052,
-0.03250337764620781,
0.014791801571846008,
-0.05893414467573166,
-0.0801253393292427,
0.04964510723948479,
0.06550677865743637,
-0.043463997542858124,
0.06746480613946915,
-0.051323313266038895,
0.012903264723718166,
0.007210538722574711,
0.04437648132443428,
-0.023511338979005814,
0.03194597363471985,
0.0793394148349762,
-0.033887092024087906,
0.016294168308377266,
-0.012378748506307602,
0.022394629195332527,
-0.024106796830892563,
0.006169518921524286,
-0.04746559262275696,
0.06607863306999207,
-0.07658278197050095,
-0.032982148230075836,
-0.05383054539561272,
0.025560174137353897,
-0.03689686581492424,
0.006175823509693146,
0.08025888353586197,
-0.005802405532449484,
0.0069047375582158566,
0.010541919618844986,
-0.012832652777433395,
0.06424706429243088,
0.008075187914073467,
0.002861200598999858,
0.08118146657943726,
0.015388034284114838,
-0.010244271717965603,
0.038400568068027496,
0.05053400993347168,
0.01745804026722908,
-0.04511726647615433,
0.08321192860603333,
-0.052817437797784805,
0.0026490860618650913,
0.040365975350141525,
0.009216456674039364,
0.03008383698761463,
-0.008388668298721313,
0.0047217682003974915,
-0.31881406903266907,
-0.020362727344036102,
0.0038358180318027735,
-0.03347285836935043,
0.018458537757396698,
-0.04096902906894684,
0.03182366117835045,
-0.035021450370550156,
-0.023748338222503662,
-0.04373952001333237,
0.026306189596652985,
0.052717845886945724,
-0.0573064349591732,
-0.027478519827127457,
-0.027328571304678917,
0.037782877683639526,
-0.01396177988499403,
-0.024672193452715874,
-0.035312652587890625,
0.013531829230487347,
0.04263993352651596,
0.019924480468034744,
-0.039978254586458206,
0.02466944418847561,
0.01907595992088318,
0.003237007651478052,
0.07592132687568665,
0.00251480913721025,
0.003677055239677429,
0.005217160098254681,
0.011259755119681358,
0.041766975075006485,
-0.025314781814813614,
-0.10979853570461273,
0.020220432430505753,
-0.008164618164300919,
0.04502248018980026,
0.04322883114218712,
0.015327262692153454,
-0.008224109187722206,
-0.06501983106136322,
0.0340782068669796,
0.021347442641854286,
-0.01924748718738556,
-0.07264253497123718,
0.010711124166846275,
0.0019991211593151093,
0.043291088193655014,
-0.05540250986814499,
-0.005500709637999535,
0.013303248211741447,
0.0032118186354637146,
0.009348753839731216,
-0.015004552900791168,
0.07162430882453918,
-0.028894484043121338,
-0.07001324743032455,
-0.04368092119693756,
0.0038581069093197584,
-0.014620262198150158,
0.03261154890060425,
0.02137730084359646,
0.0365343913435936,
-0.043073754757642746,
-0.023749660700559616,
0.05707383155822754,
0.07531599700450897,
-0.02487386018037796,
0.005313251167535782,
-0.015755021944642067,
0.008559813722968102,
0.11747060716152191,
0.0234974417835474,
-0.006992707494646311,
0.04314331337809563,
0.004333269316703081,
-0.03480970859527588,
-0.024251973256468773,
-0.001366887823678553,
0.006365260109305382,
-0.01892177201807499,
-0.06137014180421829,
0.06333070993423462,
-0.0073379529640078545,
-0.03575834259390831,
-0.04772225394845009,
0.0015159816248342395,
-0.020083803683519363,
0.06619329750537872,
0.010503267869353294,
-0.025746984407305717,
-0.007759229280054569,
-0.022166794165968895,
-0.06187428906559944,
0.04498416930437088,
0.020331289619207382,
-0.2430925965309143,
0.006699056830257177,
0.040750060230493546,
-0.033770132809877396,
-0.023184074088931084,
0.016618972644209862,
0.051152896136045456,
-0.08472581952810287,
-0.057117462158203125,
0.017311781644821167,
-0.039729043841362,
0.02466041035950184,
0.05776458978652954,
0.04520966112613678,
-0.06761828064918518,
0.00764605775475502,
0.04484810307621956,
-0.0018218237673863769,
0.00574449822306633,
-0.044159818440675735,
0.054274167865514755,
-0.009003478102385998,
0.1350657045841217,
-0.0029819482006132603,
-0.02340143546462059,
0.022272160276770592,
-0.021415699273347855,
0.03419516608119011,
-0.042168356478214264,
0.029081648215651512,
-0.020224373787641525,
0.03531008958816528,
0.07744939625263214,
-0.02814415469765663,
0.042029790580272675,
-0.025263242423534393,
-0.11916030943393707,
0.027335073798894882,
-0.02705126814544201,
-0.008823687210679054,
-0.02102470211684704,
0.04519621282815933,
-0.07666686177253723,
-0.04353569447994232,
0.06347700953483582,
-0.0963086485862732,
-0.053950775414705276,
0.02533995732665062,
0.014449125155806541,
0.040927208960056305,
0.01868872344493866,
-0.007990560494363308,
0.10659129172563553,
0.04300341755151749,
0.018155040219426155,
-0.0388634093105793,
-0.05240544304251671,
-0.007063612341880798,
0.014373445883393288,
-0.06545675545930862,
-0.041082266718149185,
-0.03643074259161949,
-0.022959178313612938,
0.07208669930696487,
0.09825389832258224
] |
PMID:19627
|
Synthesis and stereospecific antipsychotic activity of (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine.
|
The synthesis and resolution of 3-iodocyproheptadine [(+/-)-5a] and 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-iodo-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+/-)-5b] are described. The resulting atropisomers undergo reaction with trifluoromethylthiocopper to give optically active products without extensive racemization. In this manner, optically pure (+)- and (-)-3-trifluoromethylthiocyproheptadine [(+)-6a and (-)-6a, respectively] and (+)- and (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+)-6b and (-)-6b, respectively] have been prepared. The influence of a chiral europium shift reagent on the proton and fluorine resonance signals as a diagnostic tool for the determination of the optical purities of these atropisomers is discussed. The four compounds, (+)-6a, (-)-6a, (+)-6b, and (-)-6b, were studied in squirrel monkeys for their ability to block conditioned avoidance responding. All of the antiavoidance activity was found to reside solely in the levorotatory compounds (-)-6a and (-)-6b. Further comparison of the enantiomers (-)-6b and (+)-6b showed that the ability to antagonize apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior is confined to the levorotatory isomer (-)-6b while weak central anticholinergic activity resides solely in the dextrorotatory isomer (+)-6b. Neither (-)-6b has significant peripheral anticholinergic activity.
|
Synthesis and stereospecific antipsychotic activity of (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine. The synthesis and resolution of 3-iodocyproheptadine [(+/-)-5a] and 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-iodo-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+/-)-5b] are described. The resulting atropisomers undergo reaction with trifluoromethylthiocopper to give optically active products without extensive racemization. In this manner, optically pure (+)- and (-)-3-trifluoromethylthiocyproheptadine [(+)-6a and (-)-6a, respectively] and (+)- and (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+)-6b and (-)-6b, respectively] have been prepared. The influence of a chiral europium shift reagent on the proton and fluorine resonance signals as a diagnostic tool for the determination of the optical purities of these atropisomers is discussed. The four compounds, (+)-6a, (-)-6a, (+)-6b, and (-)-6b, were studied in squirrel monkeys for their ability to block conditioned avoidance responding. All of the antiavoidance activity was found to reside solely in the levorotatory compounds (-)-6a and (-)-6b. Further comparison of the enantiomers (-)-6b and (+)-6b showed that the ability to antagonize apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior is confined to the levorotatory isomer (-)-6b while weak central anticholinergic activity resides solely in the dextrorotatory isomer (+)-6b. Neither (-)-6b has significant peripheral anticholinergic activity.
|
[
-0.057910338044166565,
-0.006419158540666103,
-0.020506838336586952,
0.04339186102151871,
0.019446564838290215,
0.0564611442387104,
0.0271034874022007,
0.05180545523762703,
-0.044996414333581924,
0.027929741889238358,
0.05186919867992401,
-0.016053197905421257,
-0.011359056457877159,
-0.036606963723897934,
0.006450590677559376,
-0.025160769000649452,
0.004054972901940346,
-0.02508513815701008,
-0.04322647303342819,
-0.02188667096197605,
-0.007222963031381369,
-0.04772200807929039,
0.01975465752184391,
0.026209037750959396,
-0.001601086463779211,
0.05728555843234062,
-0.02789016254246235,
0.016266709193587303,
-0.05083436518907547,
-0.17418532073497772,
0.04278188571333885,
0.001682802801951766,
0.003623221768066287,
-0.06734813749790192,
-0.03474370762705803,
-0.030842158943414688,
-0.019462639465928078,
0.0378633514046669,
-0.04097318276762962,
0.010641729459166527,
0.07660333812236786,
0.010260680690407753,
-0.03610849380493164,
-0.020565781742334366,
-0.0047156247310340405,
-0.00728929229080677,
-0.03860430046916008,
-0.03893064334988594,
0.057902492582798004,
-0.04635443910956383,
-0.002558410167694092,
-0.03270665928721428,
0.02681252546608448,
0.029114587232470512,
-0.043673016130924225,
0.03203928843140602,
-0.03153126686811447,
0.035626646131277084,
-0.03904091939330101,
0.051439277827739716,
0.01770377717912197,
0.02729756571352482,
-0.1180298924446106,
0.021766528487205505,
-0.019319498911499977,
-0.006231385748833418,
-0.03752685710787773,
-0.08608830720186234,
-0.010281971655786037,
0.07012257725000381,
-0.09234979748725891,
0.013731456361711025,
0.03420722857117653,
0.029673723503947258,
0.012382362969219685,
0.0031312217470258474,
-0.031793493777513504,
-0.0024634888395667076,
0.03903833404183388,
-0.014205053448677063,
0.05712912231683731,
0.05562630668282509,
0.0034354652743786573,
-0.03516731783747673,
0.026292143389582634,
0.02973901480436325,
-0.010559121146798134,
-0.0035189460031688213,
-0.01174715906381607,
0.015931813046336174,
-0.0493021197617054,
-0.037612274289131165,
0.0018421480199322104,
-0.0646468997001648,
-0.050003062933683395,
-0.02611565589904785,
0.0031056238804012537,
-0.01913670264184475,
0.03445550426840782,
0.3556705117225647,
0.03140094503760338,
0.02364921383559704,
-0.07745484262704849,
-0.03672521561384201,
0.00921971257776022,
-0.04452884942293167,
0.0464911013841629,
-0.027729520574212074,
-0.001005723956041038,
0.03507459536194801,
0.0678633600473404,
-0.000856774568092078,
0.07229690253734589,
-0.048822399228811264,
-0.08779086172580719,
-0.030826374888420105,
0.03154448792338371,
0.012167317792773247,
0.015858124941587448,
0.006644424982368946,
0.03052462451159954,
-0.02871444821357727,
0.03437273949384689,
-0.02564326487481594,
0.042389165610075,
-0.03640349209308624,
-0.056833479553461075,
0.047683391720056534,
0.07725624740123749,
-0.0023563383147120476,
0.03847580775618553,
-0.007600442972034216,
0.024560585618019104,
0.016057316213846207,
0.028565973043441772,
0.00846034288406372,
-0.005235807970166206,
-0.027694683521986008,
0.0791625827550888,
0.021619025617837906,
-0.03595807030797005,
-0.020955024287104607,
0.011300865560770035,
-0.05020822212100029,
-0.07919839769601822,
0.08105520904064178,
0.010762510821223259,
0.028193404898047447,
-0.04215268790721893,
0.08943725377321243,
0.040182482451200485,
0.03921154886484146,
-0.0091012641787529,
0.03984290733933449,
-0.024522896856069565,
0.020909732207655907,
-0.014318898320198059,
0.0357210598886013,
-0.03382117301225662,
0.0279579795897007,
-0.08826323598623276,
-0.013328433968126774,
-0.003207849571481347,
0.15024526417255402,
-0.027424635365605354,
-0.041394948959350586,
-0.062164321541786194,
0.03979409113526344,
-0.04798349738121033,
0.028694361448287964,
0.010621314868330956,
-0.024119222536683083,
0.00809241458773613,
0.009596964344382286,
-0.05979158356785774,
-0.03027236834168434,
0.011420275084674358,
-0.016460245475172997,
0.015353381633758545,
-0.011708010919392109,
0.03483251854777336,
-0.03891538828611374,
-0.020393194630742073,
-0.04331232234835625,
-0.01643095165491104,
0.016931936144828796,
-0.05428982898592949,
-0.027885224670171738,
-0.027406446635723114,
-0.009018395096063614,
-0.0059995451010763645,
-0.00447932118549943,
-0.07168024778366089,
0.015508140437304974,
-0.04690127447247505,
-0.04471394419670105,
-0.051087815314531326,
0.006058726459741592,
-0.015404736623167992,
0.020237836986780167,
0.0667932853102684,
0.03638920933008194,
0.023612523451447487,
0.013294871896505356,
0.04108909144997597,
0.007759403437376022,
0.00518382852897048,
0.04820568114519119,
0.07109271734952927,
-0.014430389739573002,
-0.020001452416181564,
0.019482851028442383,
0.019988425076007843,
-0.008595934137701988,
-0.031241348013281822,
0.029309242963790894,
-0.025164516642689705,
-0.0036713373847305775,
0.06552248448133469,
0.017472146078944206,
-0.013907035812735558,
-0.04720873385667801,
-0.06626936793327332,
-0.3128902018070221,
-0.04797795042395592,
0.007898063398897648,
-0.0484892800450325,
0.08760640770196915,
-0.04007968306541443,
0.04133811220526695,
-0.05796694755554199,
-0.005973005201667547,
-0.011862527579069138,
0.028530025854706764,
0.08108673989772797,
-0.035389140248298645,
-0.046342961490154266,
-0.014336026273667812,
0.06738168746232986,
0.006781308446079493,
-0.04155820235610008,
0.028231477364897728,
0.019354095682501793,
0.004404373001307249,
-0.02393069863319397,
-0.06649398803710938,
-0.021948542445898056,
0.0356835313141346,
-0.011262449435889721,
0.1330801546573639,
0.03878510370850563,
0.027368560433387756,
0.048557180911302567,
-0.03270990401506424,
0.02817726694047451,
-0.0006091197719797492,
-0.06415195018053055,
-0.002566079841926694,
-0.018711455166339874,
-0.015132979489862919,
-0.09613267332315445,
-0.0017433554166927934,
-0.023736421018838882,
-0.019613400101661682,
0.007148851174861193,
0.028428668156266212,
-0.05165325105190277,
-0.07752125710248947,
-0.029828757047653198,
0.014336219057440758,
0.08344055712223053,
0.0609954409301281,
0.01048779021948576,
0.035754941403865814,
0.03976859897375107,
0.02287381701171398,
-0.045151013880968094,
-0.03376507759094238,
0.018976274877786636,
-0.06438207626342773,
-0.028737280517816544,
-0.0676189512014389,
0.009229308925569057,
0.03234902396798134,
0.017681492492556572,
0.047585777938365936,
0.01528595108538866,
-0.004024314694106579,
-0.004071144852787256,
0.014305043034255505,
-0.04298685863614082,
0.09815926849842072,
0.05885481461882591,
0.008472337387502193,
0.1372494399547577,
-0.01861950010061264,
0.07554283738136292,
0.09884026646614075,
0.03476206958293915,
0.008173804730176926,
-0.010802504606544971,
-0.07708816975355148,
0.04943054914474487,
-0.0006258151261135936,
0.024652568623423576,
0.006713301409035921,
-0.009730083867907524,
-0.0028717631939798594,
-0.052926287055015564,
0.017301922664046288,
-0.04199937731027603,
0.09834425896406174,
-0.006383539643138647,
0.03522767499089241,
0.012666993774473667,
0.00855487585067749,
-0.0447063222527504,
0.0891370177268982,
0.04146520793437958,
-0.2902277708053589,
0.03205760940909386,
0.014043641276657581,
0.02183949574828148,
-0.012940488755702972,
0.035672806203365326,
0.05621825158596039,
-0.014585167169570923,
-0.05507071688771248,
-0.024541078135371208,
-0.037938740104436874,
0.055586524307727814,
0.009821574203670025,
0.05523846670985222,
0.018856680020689964,
-0.023368505761027336,
0.017416024580597878,
-0.017572153359651566,
-0.0067252772860229015,
-0.022869784384965897,
-0.00781892891973257,
-0.008345285430550575,
0.15418465435504913,
0.018663201481103897,
-0.009867073968052864,
0.04573897272348404,
0.01353555079549551,
-0.017201684415340424,
-0.007416476495563984,
-0.009166335687041283,
-0.019609905779361725,
-0.007824313826858997,
0.07292718440294266,
-0.057275138795375824,
0.0026500229723751545,
0.013146325945854187,
-0.07554227113723755,
-0.019451184198260307,
0.015820283442735672,
-0.02888030931353569,
-0.03004429116845131,
0.06715274602174759,
-0.004473024979233742,
0.0021687005646526814,
0.0483744740486145,
-0.07090374082326889,
-0.04144864156842232,
0.02070034295320511,
-0.04005792737007141,
0.017270972952246666,
-0.0075309546664357185,
0.02198810502886772,
0.016546467319130898,
0.0009503228939138353,
0.03472163528203964,
0.020261023193597794,
-0.006556503940373659,
0.015056700445711613,
0.011848649941384792,
-0.014187677763402462,
-0.07146474719047546,
-0.021738171577453613,
0.004521939437836409,
0.08214420825242996,
0.07818076014518738
] |
PMID:19628
|
An approach to peripheral vasodilator-beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
|
The syntheses of 2-phenyl- and 2-pyridyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles having a 3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy moiety attached to the aryl or heteroaryl substituent are described. Structure--activity relationships based on results from an evaluation of these compounds for antihypertensive, vasodilating, and beta-adrenergic blocking activities are discussed.
|
An approach to peripheral vasodilator-beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The syntheses of 2-phenyl- and 2-pyridyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles having a 3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy moiety attached to the aryl or heteroaryl substituent are described. Structure--activity relationships based on results from an evaluation of these compounds for antihypertensive, vasodilating, and beta-adrenergic blocking activities are discussed.
|
[
-0.04710371419787407,
-0.0058743832632899284,
-0.003388388315215707,
0.0023772562853991985,
0.016069196164608,
-0.001802300801500678,
-0.033788103610277176,
0.03232335299253464,
-0.048065077513456345,
-0.040970515459775925,
-0.03638552501797676,
0.014774269424378872,
0.002787878969684243,
0.04021366313099861,
-0.03409312665462494,
0.03103482350707054,
0.003703953931108117,
0.010090288706123829,
-0.01621580310165882,
-0.02886587753891945,
-0.0018215792952105403,
-0.01027380395680666,
-0.027647769078612328,
0.004785895813256502,
0.046498771756887436,
0.07088404148817062,
0.04657403752207756,
-0.006343812681734562,
-0.028839798644185066,
-0.1327267438173294,
-0.0071546961553394794,
-0.032179128378629684,
-0.011330628767609596,
-0.018414761871099472,
0.023371057584881783,
-0.019805338233709335,
-0.01067302841693163,
0.02512383833527565,
-0.05051162466406822,
0.04955338314175606,
0.003222281811758876,
-0.01009557954967022,
-0.047105465084314346,
0.003035586792975664,
0.022706475108861923,
-0.01856422983109951,
-0.0829341858625412,
-0.014059689827263355,
0.03753019869327545,
0.024044306948781013,
0.005720535758882761,
0.05493278056383133,
0.033744927495718,
0.027869470417499542,
0.019894922152161598,
-0.010399582795798779,
-0.04653113707900047,
0.022921305149793625,
-0.03485657647252083,
0.012133958749473095,
0.026208624243736267,
0.058583956211805344,
-0.16448664665222168,
0.09135285764932632,
-0.01121069211512804,
0.043199989944696426,
-0.008927717804908752,
0.011247966438531876,
0.012250986881554127,
0.06057117506861687,
-0.007141700945794582,
0.02278885245323181,
0.01409869734197855,
-0.017828896641731262,
-0.02976231463253498,
0.03940865024924278,
0.022109759971499443,
-0.025785483419895172,
0.0080029321834445,
0.0044972714968025684,
0.0631357729434967,
0.0009473368409089744,
-0.04285501688718796,
-0.022354258224368095,
0.010408620350062847,
0.0003117624146398157,
0.05002284422516823,
-0.03684639185667038,
-0.01629290170967579,
0.019768932834267616,
-0.09282470494508743,
-0.03284522891044617,
-0.01546588446944952,
-0.009947726503014565,
-0.04677313566207886,
0.00021095844567753375,
-0.0112302890047431,
-0.008506686426699162,
-0.024558698758482933,
0.36954712867736816,
-0.0024499993305653334,
0.019511401653289795,
-0.04182435944676399,
-0.05658425763249397,
-0.0010024529183283448,
0.020139167085289955,
-0.016257254406809807,
-0.04544666036963463,
0.0024124193005263805,
0.039023857563734055,
0.013646994717419147,
-0.030362091958522797,
0.03427719697356224,
-0.02619106136262417,
-0.0394742488861084,
-0.04016469791531563,
0.007099382113665342,
0.0006322985864244401,
0.021210230886936188,
0.029067350551486015,
-0.009643805213272572,
-0.07218070328235626,
-0.015758734196424484,
0.0072844261303544044,
0.03690577670931816,
-0.03692518547177315,
-0.08526837825775146,
0.05915796011686325,
0.019766388460993767,
0.07749379426240921,
0.025059349834918976,
0.06329897046089172,
-0.02955775335431099,
0.03717167302966118,
-0.009782417677342892,
-0.0296062920242548,
0.0257557462900877,
0.008221146650612354,
0.036481667309999466,
-0.03150049224495888,
-0.013338793069124222,
0.00890193972736597,
-0.02447405271232128,
-0.08677460253238678,
-0.07149828970432281,
0.04352916404604912,
0.031001469120383263,
0.022004760801792145,
-0.07904766499996185,
0.08210211992263794,
0.009942889213562012,
0.026830794289708138,
-0.043848916888237,
0.06185682490468025,
-0.013604432344436646,
0.018477780744433403,
0.04361056536436081,
-0.0006597593892365694,
-0.020035412162542343,
0.025264035910367966,
-0.07587486505508423,
-0.046692050993442535,
-0.029156219214200974,
0.04968658462166786,
-0.023124605417251587,
-0.07745633274316788,
-0.0340852364897728,
0.01143269706517458,
0.00621770927682519,
0.018319668248295784,
-0.024936944246292114,
-0.018413327634334564,
-0.014156369492411613,
-0.01588352955877781,
-0.09855911880731583,
0.0230142530053854,
0.0073263514786958694,
0.011307401582598686,
0.029999589547514915,
-0.042498402297496796,
-0.0002859759551938623,
0.014034428633749485,
0.015969058498740196,
-0.031965725123882294,
0.012011541053652763,
0.04300868883728981,
-0.035775069147348404,
-0.0047705876640975475,
-0.036986589431762695,
0.03954609856009483,
-0.09211580455303192,
-0.0008452553884126246,
-0.020310906693339348,
0.05029141902923584,
-0.030114391818642616,
-0.021408742293715477,
-0.046043165028095245,
0.04229209944605827,
-0.04080931842327118,
-0.004273819737136364,
0.10427062958478928,
-0.014813220128417015,
-0.031070884317159653,
0.06098703294992447,
0.049728874117136,
0.02831346169114113,
-0.03256439045071602,
-0.00311117060482502,
0.06856141239404678,
-0.0072487578727304935,
0.03246872499585152,
0.08168385177850723,
0.021788837388157845,
-0.0015104081248864532,
-0.08787848800420761,
0.002246237127110362,
-0.014731161296367645,
0.008004642091691494,
0.06399018317461014,
0.037599753588438034,
0.08117642253637314,
0.012332487851381302,
-0.017420029267668724,
-0.28318631649017334,
-0.015155027620494366,
-0.020545952022075653,
-0.03359123691916466,
0.026490801945328712,
-0.030752772465348244,
0.06667324155569077,
-0.05936293676495552,
-0.05931816250085831,
-0.03216364607214928,
-0.008189694955945015,
0.04820113629102707,
-0.049522269517183304,
-0.02421913854777813,
-0.07662171125411987,
0.061764929443597794,
0.037538666278123856,
-0.06063322722911835,
0.031216386705636978,
-0.008026079274713993,
0.019204428419470787,
-0.023921342566609383,
-0.05469827353954315,
0.05440407618880272,
0.015013218857347965,
0.0013661730336025357,
0.12876132130622864,
0.036146488040685654,
-0.017597083002328873,
-0.02444145828485489,
0.03780283033847809,
0.07378412783145905,
0.016088949516415596,
-0.08563443273305893,
0.04836391285061836,
-0.10997986793518066,
0.03922475129365921,
-0.07452263683080673,
0.018324341624975204,
-0.010077327489852905,
-0.01762552373111248,
0.008863084018230438,
0.013492664322257042,
-0.0641435906291008,
-0.03391576185822487,
-0.0027456372044980526,
0.014954563230276108,
0.0043429904617369175,
0.006711383815854788,
0.028265347704291344,
0.051765091717243195,
0.055949822068214417,
0.07179894298315048,
-0.05390084534883499,
-0.022918440401554108,
0.024670792743563652,
-0.06243902072310448,
0.015403238125145435,
0.005059713032096624,
-0.035367462784051895,
0.009543395601212978,
-0.012983505614101887,
0.05719191953539848,
0.06893967092037201,
-0.01763666793704033,
0.056818582117557526,
0.013169676065444946,
-0.0034913988783955574,
0.0958934798836708,
0.017666349187493324,
0.0005597367417067289,
0.11857053637504578,
-0.02810215763747692,
0.054460372775793076,
0.043679215013980865,
0.0027906945906579494,
-0.00846040342003107,
0.037078071385622025,
-0.04919935390353203,
-0.00347078125923872,
0.034934110939502716,
-0.017864631488919258,
0.013219287618994713,
-0.05125945061445236,
-0.032184943556785583,
-0.05060425400733948,
0.03911636397242546,
-0.009573586285114288,
0.02455328032374382,
-0.03137069568037987,
-0.04325571656227112,
0.06103140488266945,
-0.015537383034825325,
-0.005359303671866655,
0.0852162167429924,
0.0036003338173031807,
-0.2831985354423523,
-0.019244808703660965,
0.0647183358669281,
-0.03742484375834465,
-0.05498787388205528,
0.003899642499163747,
0.03815307840704918,
-0.04923537001013756,
-0.03799966722726822,
-0.0027785561978816986,
-0.013741947710514069,
0.03489776328206062,
0.06751661002635956,
0.09885717928409576,
-0.020838871598243713,
-0.0182817243039608,
0.06079814210534096,
-0.031889233738183975,
0.09603917598724365,
-0.04993709921836853,
-0.02984473668038845,
0.004478782415390015,
0.18427319824695587,
-0.006617752369493246,
-0.0729006677865982,
0.10668095201253891,
0.01830773800611496,
0.016255076974630356,
-0.04332830756902695,
0.009320760145783424,
-0.015556519851088524,
0.03537075221538544,
0.10682891309261322,
-0.05553191900253296,
-0.014594759792089462,
0.013018597848713398,
-0.036763016134500504,
0.03440166637301445,
0.028010064736008644,
-0.03240387886762619,
-0.01835939660668373,
0.023821407929062843,
-0.06403791904449463,
0.014517243951559067,
0.10155098885297775,
-0.054223477840423584,
-0.053066376596689224,
0.00835815817117691,
-0.015753574669361115,
-0.0033133740071207285,
-0.018766218796372414,
-0.014224780723452568,
0.02064412087202072,
0.01367056556046009,
0.03197551891207695,
-0.028162434697151184,
-0.007342223543673754,
-0.019378192722797394,
0.0075740693137049675,
-0.003990938887000084,
-0.032365694642066956,
0.0005455157952383161,
0.004267836920917034,
0.026613201946020126,
0.04842793941497803
] |
PMID:19629
|
Adrenergic agents. 6. Synthesis and potential beta-adrenergic agonist activity of some meta-substituted p-hydroxyphenylethanolamines related to salbutamol.
|
Salbutamol, an adrenergic receptor agonist with selectivity for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle, differs from the catecholamine N-tert-butylnorepinephrine in that it bears a hydroxymethyl, rather than a phenolic, group in the meta position. In a search for new bronchodilating agents with minimal cardiovascular side effects, a series of derivatives, in which this m-hydroxymethyl group is modified, was prepared. These compounds were examined for potential bronchodilator activity in an in vitro test that measures relaxation of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. Potential cardiac stimulant activity was evaluated in vitro by monitoring changes in the rate of contraction of spontaneously beating guinea pig right atria. Although many of these compounds retained a high degree of potency, all were less effective than salbutamol in the tracheal test. Several of the derivatives, notably ones bearing 1-hydroxyethyl (1d), 1,2-dihydroxyethyl (1f), 1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl (1g), and 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl (1h) substituents in place of the parent's m-hydroxymethyl group, however, were considerably more selective for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle in the in vitro tests utilizing guinea pig tracheal and right atrial muscle.
|
Adrenergic agents. 6. Synthesis and potential beta-adrenergic agonist activity of some meta-substituted p-hydroxyphenylethanolamines related to salbutamol. Salbutamol, an adrenergic receptor agonist with selectivity for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle, differs from the catecholamine N-tert-butylnorepinephrine in that it bears a hydroxymethyl, rather than a phenolic, group in the meta position. In a search for new bronchodilating agents with minimal cardiovascular side effects, a series of derivatives, in which this m-hydroxymethyl group is modified, was prepared. These compounds were examined for potential bronchodilator activity in an in vitro test that measures relaxation of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. Potential cardiac stimulant activity was evaluated in vitro by monitoring changes in the rate of contraction of spontaneously beating guinea pig right atria. Although many of these compounds retained a high degree of potency, all were less effective than salbutamol in the tracheal test. Several of the derivatives, notably ones bearing 1-hydroxyethyl (1d), 1,2-dihydroxyethyl (1f), 1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl (1g), and 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl (1h) substituents in place of the parent's m-hydroxymethyl group, however, were considerably more selective for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle in the in vitro tests utilizing guinea pig tracheal and right atrial muscle.
|
[
-0.018388759344816208,
-0.03588012233376503,
-0.052440375089645386,
0.033177513629198074,
0.020882979035377502,
-0.011919206939637661,
0.023190390318632126,
-0.0041998145170509815,
-0.030929027125239372,
-0.02509840577840805,
-0.013624136336147785,
-0.04667949676513672,
-0.058095067739486694,
0.005373454187065363,
0.012280563823878765,
-0.007837910205125809,
0.0386364720761776,
-0.047486331313848495,
-0.045256178826093674,
-0.008391820825636387,
-0.05729108676314354,
0.05723591893911362,
0.015800336375832558,
-0.029865730553865433,
0.047007668763399124,
0.012970920652151108,
-0.007826599292457104,
0.049390584230422974,
-0.05513382330536842,
-0.15712547302246094,
-0.0005174856632947922,
0.002447657287120819,
0.04841011017560959,
-0.03283993899822235,
-0.04165199398994446,
0.0068277656100690365,
0.027169186621904373,
0.01212912704795599,
-0.029037706553936005,
0.05821838602423668,
0.0054007358849048615,
-0.01899852603673935,
0.02443268895149231,
0.02832248993217945,
-0.000642285798676312,
0.007735841907560825,
-0.05808074399828911,
-0.032966479659080505,
0.0821399837732315,
-0.0037140976637601852,
0.027940934523940086,
-0.009722941555082798,
0.01308363862335682,
-0.0038836386520415545,
0.0595998652279377,
0.005559287033975124,
-0.04111165180802345,
0.03459648787975311,
-0.04091375321149826,
0.02542663924396038,
-0.023806924000382423,
0.05850106477737427,
-0.148049458861351,
0.07099436223506927,
0.009168442338705063,
0.03434864804148674,
0.014351841993629932,
-0.014804375357925892,
0.07446162402629852,
0.028114641085267067,
-0.025183241814374924,
-0.006295183673501015,
-0.03340738266706467,
0.01999037340283394,
0.013826344162225723,
0.028759527951478958,
-0.00020953116472810507,
-0.010253594256937504,
0.035380031913518906,
0.006810604594647884,
0.03365757316350937,
0.0011558346450328827,
-0.03136638179421425,
-0.04904744774103165,
0.024599365890026093,
0.01088401023298502,
0.0631723701953888,
-0.004703892394900322,
-0.01284242607653141,
-0.05813593789935112,
-0.04284421354532242,
0.005630639381706715,
0.024576542899012566,
0.01497063972055912,
-0.026440974324941635,
0.0006944562192074955,
-0.0017611647490411997,
0.017634954303503036,
-0.011410239152610302,
0.3502873480319977,
-0.011273461394011974,
0.05492681637406349,
-0.08506236225366592,
-0.0225194301456213,
0.02361951768398285,
-0.02290438674390316,
-0.03969490900635719,
-0.046919163316488266,
-0.006161599885672331,
0.04654231294989586,
0.06849809736013412,
0.002715532900765538,
0.04191610589623451,
-0.04949319362640381,
-0.10255507379770279,
-0.025084959343075752,
-0.009378866292536259,
0.027823055163025856,
0.017551587894558907,
-0.012124723754823208,
-0.041980091482400894,
-0.01492922194302082,
0.04731512442231178,
0.018628060817718506,
-0.012834197841584682,
-0.02412312850356102,
-0.06849616020917892,
0.0901702344417572,
0.04096760228276253,
0.007499204482883215,
0.04382545128464699,
0.011235272511839867,
-0.04575076699256897,
0.005218477454036474,
0.027120662853121758,
-0.02013152837753296,
0.03698696941137314,
-0.007249663583934307,
0.006432023830711842,
-0.0021796750370413065,
-0.04238118603825569,
-0.041626520454883575,
0.025790520012378693,
-0.11134938150644302,
-0.13359114527702332,
0.10191679745912552,
0.03686400502920151,
0.013717103749513626,
-0.05290358513593674,
0.0524270236492157,
0.015654390677809715,
0.05290024355053902,
-0.052907660603523254,
0.06300333887338638,
-0.017292529344558716,
-0.015220060013234615,
0.013216902501881123,
0.04317670315504074,
0.010465134866535664,
-0.03241773694753647,
-0.05963124334812164,
-0.0011364888632670045,
-0.005216608755290508,
0.0874648168683052,
-0.0361601896584034,
-0.043319035321474075,
-0.1049400195479393,
0.03927836939692497,
0.009928563609719276,
0.040451761335134506,
0.00424023624509573,
-0.07184408605098724,
-0.011079325340688229,
-0.009098639711737633,
-0.05493258312344551,
-0.01345781423151493,
0.058019284158945084,
-0.003738075029104948,
0.01951204612851143,
-0.03946327418088913,
0.06701113283634186,
-0.004546644631773233,
0.055793482810258865,
-0.02522866241633892,
0.0001539228396723047,
0.0392165407538414,
-0.003404034301638603,
-0.03071390837430954,
0.01821761764585972,
0.05383704975247383,
-0.01573937200009823,
-0.011184378527104855,
-0.05168578401207924,
0.0442982092499733,
-0.039879098534584045,
-0.01709199696779251,
-0.05996861681342125,
0.027701737359166145,
0.018885426223278046,
-0.0283842533826828,
0.09591008722782135,
0.019204195588827133,
0.008815417997539043,
0.009436236694455147,
-0.012698858045041561,
0.05206751450896263,
-0.0325152762234211,
-0.011949585750699043,
0.09036614000797272,
-0.023892248049378395,
-0.008734291419386864,
0.03318889066576958,
0.01055928785353899,
0.020953480154275894,
-0.061308734118938446,
0.041545115411281586,
-0.03136105462908745,
0.025638725608587265,
0.035168591886758804,
0.009305009618401527,
0.024383386597037315,
-0.028282728046178818,
0.037921298295259476,
-0.31179139018058777,
-0.022242974489927292,
-0.004103557672351599,
-0.03540046885609627,
0.0682511031627655,
-0.02430742420256138,
0.006979766301810741,
-0.03528624027967453,
-0.013304358348250389,
-0.05832954868674278,
0.007415957283228636,
-0.002724631456658244,
0.007605731952935457,
-0.04364187270402908,
0.05917030945420265,
0.07921738922595978,
0.03393367677927017,
-0.05742408335208893,
0.03588021919131279,
-0.005002208054065704,
0.058401528745889664,
-0.012972656637430191,
-0.046517182141542435,
0.024002088233828545,
0.03363687917590141,
-0.023615753278136253,
0.09173217415809631,
0.013121088035404682,
-0.013793856836855412,
0.03618694469332695,
0.030378544703125954,
0.06166122108697891,
-0.024008508771657944,
-0.10031916201114655,
-0.03734176978468895,
-0.05123041197657585,
-0.0026868621353060007,
-0.0449690967798233,
0.03313976526260376,
-0.014382642693817616,
-0.06774884462356567,
-0.012038076296448708,
0.0535782054066658,
-0.11911727488040924,
-0.01929839886724949,
-0.04696386680006981,
0.006735948845744133,
0.03324761614203453,
-0.03530587628483772,
-0.026864057406783104,
0.010384082794189453,
0.020871402695775032,
-0.010313424281775951,
-0.05543127655982971,
0.00741542736068368,
-0.055107541382312775,
-0.06301108747720718,
-0.0428447499871254,
-0.012429780326783657,
-0.032525043934583664,
0.05267748609185219,
0.010234538465738297,
0.06823555380105972,
0.03736701235175133,
0.01991095207631588,
-0.018329743295907974,
0.04364843666553497,
-0.06684115529060364,
0.055026888847351074,
0.0010792601387947798,
0.028578048571944237,
0.11988560855388641,
-0.01916278526186943,
0.037777066230773926,
0.032712019979953766,
-0.00006852587830508128,
-0.005103095900267363,
0.005338681396096945,
-0.06956380605697632,
0.012404648587107658,
-0.06423448771238327,
-0.020818134769797325,
0.06321985274553299,
-0.060470808297395706,
0.015714218840003014,
-0.013125792145729065,
0.023091265931725502,
-0.008155087009072304,
0.04292780160903931,
-0.011172417551279068,
-0.03400544449687004,
0.04737751930952072,
0.003240713384002447,
-0.02771688625216484,
0.011180579662322998,
0.028528306633234024,
-0.23594751954078674,
0.017825637012720108,
0.05132024735212326,
-0.0023577753454446793,
-0.0412394255399704,
0.0007030831766314805,
0.01895770989358425,
-0.05510350316762924,
-0.07273048162460327,
0.003485043067485094,
0.017475657165050507,
0.024985535070300102,
0.042567525058984756,
0.0995313748717308,
-0.014762265607714653,
-0.007717845030128956,
0.08033251017332077,
0.020982062444090843,
0.05241852253675461,
-0.03289608657360077,
-0.0222281776368618,
-0.05247296392917633,
0.17199353873729706,
-0.009670249186456203,
-0.011364881880581379,
0.04050878807902336,
0.011543592438101768,
-0.025449853390455246,
-0.04198280721902847,
0.023863820359110832,
0.021048203110694885,
-0.023193800821900368,
0.12201835960149765,
-0.011867864988744259,
0.024044571444392204,
0.0536443367600441,
-0.0788956880569458,
-0.0266359131783247,
0.017551489174365997,
0.02921808511018753,
-0.02250683307647705,
0.05780871957540512,
-0.050107475370168686,
-0.016821594908833504,
0.09834518283605576,
-0.0626116693019867,
-0.06537208706140518,
0.026934556663036346,
-0.008064852096140385,
0.010488632135093212,
0.0035812414716929197,
0.0001407887029927224,
-0.019480958580970764,
0.04562676325440407,
0.02619173936545849,
0.023958373814821243,
-0.013492726720869541,
-0.0610886886715889,
0.026364123448729515,
0.009814790450036526,
-0.034492962062358856,
-0.0042845504358410835,
-0.009342886507511139,
0.10219135135412216,
0.11206357926130295
] |
PMID:19630
|
Central nervous system activity of a novel class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-ones.
|
The synthesis and CNS activity of a noval class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, the aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines, are described. An investigation of the structure--activity relationships in the series derived from 8-chloro-2,4-dihydro-2-dimethylaminomethylene-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]-benzodiazepin-1-one (10) led to the synthesis of a group of compounds with potent minor tranquillizer activity.
|
Central nervous system activity of a novel class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-ones. The synthesis and CNS activity of a noval class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, the aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines, are described. An investigation of the structure--activity relationships in the series derived from 8-chloro-2,4-dihydro-2-dimethylaminomethylene-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]-benzodiazepin-1-one (10) led to the synthesis of a group of compounds with potent minor tranquillizer activity.
|
[
-0.027828235179185867,
-0.027118977159261703,
-0.034973639994859695,
-0.04817430302500725,
0.0275484137237072,
0.012409674935042858,
-0.012134764343500137,
0.026247136294841766,
-0.027017347514629364,
-0.01981876604259014,
-0.026118477806448936,
0.0011116567766293883,
-0.008947714231908321,
-0.01008441299200058,
0.002859777072444558,
0.04073947295546532,
-0.0006711941096000373,
-0.06189873442053795,
-0.0012993941782042384,
-0.013132486492395401,
-0.07413280010223389,
-0.03727690875530243,
0.05152714252471924,
0.08258583396673203,
-0.00027060514548793435,
0.05519453436136246,
0.06836570054292679,
-0.033495817333459854,
-0.02400464005768299,
-0.20938362181186676,
-0.0059298439882695675,
0.02092108689248562,
-0.01086489763110876,
-0.08883867412805557,
-0.04367846995592117,
-0.016865042969584465,
-0.01103445515036583,
0.03688783198595047,
-0.04194900393486023,
0.021695630624890327,
0.08313875645399094,
0.021788621321320534,
0.007598466705530882,
-0.014761144295334816,
0.059467896819114685,
-0.02944677323102951,
-0.07149744033813477,
0.011155921034514904,
0.06408890336751938,
-0.010140216909348965,
0.020759090781211853,
-0.017387477681040764,
0.010330106131732464,
0.05772092193365097,
0.03736431896686554,
-0.02398824505507946,
-0.016296735033392906,
-0.038698408752679825,
-0.05258616805076599,
0.04705332964658737,
0.029929745942354202,
0.028653452172875404,
-0.1485750675201416,
-0.0005447685834951699,
0.009763809852302074,
-0.014417311176657677,
0.014725171960890293,
-0.03786914423108101,
0.0423724390566349,
0.03453093767166138,
-0.05059539154171944,
-0.04401306435465813,
0.028796840459108353,
-0.008461366407573223,
0.0180599857121706,
0.03269147872924805,
0.04560672491788864,
-0.029532162472605705,
-0.009554404765367508,
-0.046579960733652115,
0.005211466923356056,
0.016300970688462257,
-0.0044079432263970375,
-0.03680696710944176,
0.05155554786324501,
0.04094654694199562,
0.04532293975353241,
-0.03451032564043999,
0.05304960906505585,
-0.015266163274645805,
-0.04104261100292206,
0.0013323444873094559,
0.01967323012650013,
-0.052469801157712936,
-0.02951248176395893,
0.03408090025186539,
-0.01849963702261448,
0.027440819889307022,
0.03048393689095974,
0.3718843460083008,
-0.007792698685079813,
0.010760178789496422,
-0.022623583674430847,
-0.023745765909552574,
0.00228745024651289,
0.045164790004491806,
0.00976896844804287,
0.00739298015832901,
-0.028333181515336037,
-0.008640016429126263,
0.0224179457873106,
-0.0042447312735021114,
0.055292319506406784,
-0.01022504922002554,
-0.05171529948711395,
-0.05465680733323097,
0.013693278655409813,
0.01673414558172226,
0.03943529352545738,
0.05759398266673088,
0.03127094730734825,
-0.009958327747881413,
0.011626018211245537,
-0.006695935968309641,
0.07961328327655792,
-0.026488956063985825,
-0.07766889035701752,
0.0721186175942421,
0.04022134840488434,
0.004358779173344374,
0.02720557525753975,
0.01744730770587921,
0.052298951894044876,
0.047132257372140884,
0.006466813385486603,
0.0012994947610422969,
0.025779398158192635,
-0.026078617200255394,
-0.02548031136393547,
-0.05575421079993248,
0.010330509394407272,
0.011494054459035397,
-0.014676373451948166,
-0.09180767089128494,
-0.06016797944903374,
0.0887126624584198,
0.011176124215126038,
-0.03571852296590805,
-0.022284677252173424,
0.10435035079717636,
0.03257050737738609,
0.04742344096302986,
-0.03144698217511177,
0.059928786009550095,
-0.05270460620522499,
0.0004851424600929022,
0.034353092312812805,
-0.009413219057023525,
-0.06958721578121185,
0.00306891743093729,
-0.043868452310562134,
-0.01125484611839056,
-0.0022412510588765144,
0.1784961074590683,
0.02328900247812271,
-0.03046564571559429,
-0.007577839307487011,
0.029149169102311134,
-0.02508336678147316,
-0.008596818894147873,
0.02921844646334648,
0.028099888935685158,
-0.04910379275679588,
0.07985157519578934,
-0.014465238898992538,
-0.018618334084749222,
0.01661696657538414,
-0.053530171513557434,
-0.011533883400261402,
0.03159310296177864,
0.03144465386867523,
-0.007778745610266924,
-0.04369601979851723,
0.037752822041511536,
0.027956370264291763,
0.08596348017454147,
0.041244614869356155,
-0.022414306178689003,
0.013808543793857098,
-0.012386203743517399,
-0.05596601217985153,
0.006899809464812279,
-0.013102257624268532,
0.04183623939752579,
-0.07630433887243271,
-0.007453048136085272,
-0.1086539700627327,
-0.02202068641781807,
0.019559262320399284,
-0.07330895215272903,
0.10184828191995621,
0.024471353739500046,
0.021357214078307152,
0.040688637644052505,
0.04641900584101677,
0.01661420240998268,
-0.027885783463716507,
-0.004279006272554398,
0.04131487011909485,
-0.03574206307530403,
-0.04942551627755165,
0.028105081990361214,
0.008244972676038742,
-0.012671278789639473,
0.010910345241427422,
0.03163090720772743,
-0.08174406737089157,
0.05424253270030022,
0.029083261266350746,
0.02258327044546604,
0.008712783455848694,
-0.05577945336699486,
-0.05437028035521507,
-0.2634212076663971,
-0.024589749053120613,
0.056797705590724945,
-0.09956016391515732,
0.04116827994585037,
-0.012792523950338364,
0.05609625577926636,
-0.05800429359078407,
-0.0022121379151940346,
-0.03365308791399002,
-0.004082291852682829,
0.02224365994334221,
-0.025968749076128006,
-0.045312054455280304,
0.016787000000476837,
0.02867424115538597,
0.05881252884864807,
-0.05802327021956444,
0.020066997036337852,
-0.0524556003510952,
0.025202525779604912,
0.016605917364358902,
-0.030930567532777786,
0.0038224714808166027,
-0.016174226999282837,
-0.02804786153137684,
0.06653464585542679,
0.003673976520076394,
0.0009127857047133148,
0.02144845388829708,
0.0149594247341156,
0.08273857831954956,
0.022940533235669136,
-0.03423924744129181,
-0.010629075579345226,
-0.05533583089709282,
0.018518012017011642,
-0.030299223959445953,
-0.018248725682497025,
-0.0031236805953085423,
-0.02530488558113575,
-0.004672632552683353,
-0.03414752706885338,
-0.08452578634023666,
-0.07696818560361862,
0.005936661269515753,
-0.039938438683748245,
-0.02592315338551998,
-0.011451952159404755,
-0.03870406001806259,
-0.022281773388385773,
0.08834865689277649,
0.0046929530799388885,
-0.051941052079200745,
0.01543946098536253,
-0.01922934502363205,
-0.0817515105009079,
-0.003387723583728075,
0.007028008811175823,
-0.022582978010177612,
0.05091492831707001,
0.04361148923635483,
0.05568395182490349,
0.007391929626464844,
-0.008275223895907402,
0.008888942189514637,
-0.039516631513834,
-0.012281149625778198,
0.07885776460170746,
0.011079061776399612,
0.035786718130111694,
0.1342165321111679,
-0.051014259457588196,
0.0012427483452484012,
0.07407599687576294,
0.00603643199428916,
-0.05970344319939613,
0.002185794757679105,
-0.05480721592903137,
0.052921559661626816,
-0.12227209657430649,
-0.01900624856352806,
0.03962981328368187,
-0.06321481615304947,
-0.005674020852893591,
-0.0032013526652008295,
0.03498188778758049,
-0.020216673612594604,
0.016079161316156387,
0.04135184362530708,
0.0526224784553051,
0.026550546288490295,
-0.01687762886285782,
-0.026470275595784187,
0.07387134432792664,
0.0051831696182489395,
-0.2590171694755554,
0.02027800865471363,
0.027211053296923637,
0.0167081281542778,
-0.0227429810911417,
-0.006745493970811367,
0.03611096739768982,
-0.004738977178931236,
-0.06094859540462494,
-0.02378935180604458,
-0.007751489989459515,
0.0038120036479085684,
0.04447934031486511,
0.06269034743309021,
-0.006117448676377535,
0.033519912511110306,
0.0602974109351635,
-0.002334314864128828,
0.020080890506505966,
-0.012446491979062557,
0.024043992161750793,
0.027547072619199753,
0.16113272309303284,
0.04260135069489479,
0.04232487455010414,
0.06616939604282379,
-0.015253262594342232,
-0.025282837450504303,
-0.043375469744205475,
0.05016309767961502,
0.046321988105773926,
0.03092324174940586,
0.0785009115934372,
-0.00306349596939981,
0.014620095491409302,
0.022958198562264442,
-0.07789266109466553,
-0.015717146918177605,
-0.007952557876706123,
-0.025104008615016937,
-0.012986637651920319,
0.02913377806544304,
-0.08018822222948074,
-0.01370019931346178,
0.06291986256837845,
-0.022070355713367462,
-0.047015003859996796,
-0.05278050899505615,
-0.014849924482405186,
-0.01610684208571911,
-0.038230638951063156,
-0.04586905613541603,
-0.019593829289078712,
-0.010997670702636242,
0.04112466797232628,
0.037466637790203094,
0.017575478181242943,
-0.0334082692861557,
0.021228129044175148,
-0.017272721976041794,
-0.022418197244405746,
-0.039824433624744415,
-0.012267820537090302,
0.04820739105343819,
0.004176366608589888
] |
PMID:19634
|
Congenital total hemihypertrophy and carcinoma of undescended testicle: a case report.
|
The first case of germinal cell tumor of the testis in a patient with congenital total hemihypertrophy is reported. The literature is discussed with emphasis placed on the frequent association of hemihypertrophy with oncogenesis and teratogenesis. We conclude that because of the high incidence of malignancy in the undescended testis prophylactic orchiectomy should be considered in a patient with hemihypertrophy and cryptorchidism.
|
Congenital total hemihypertrophy and carcinoma of undescended testicle: a case report. The first case of germinal cell tumor of the testis in a patient with congenital total hemihypertrophy is reported. The literature is discussed with emphasis placed on the frequent association of hemihypertrophy with oncogenesis and teratogenesis. We conclude that because of the high incidence of malignancy in the undescended testis prophylactic orchiectomy should be considered in a patient with hemihypertrophy and cryptorchidism.
|
[
0.006470966152846813,
0.022146036848425865,
0.02227439172565937,
0.00988778192549944,
0.009671729058027267,
0.05839691683650017,
-0.03509518876671791,
0.010822903364896774,
-0.05305430293083191,
-0.00938892737030983,
0.021668078377842903,
-0.042532920837402344,
0.032562147825956345,
0.01025762502104044,
-0.04802956432104111,
0.007368452847003937,
-0.02643880434334278,
0.024397581815719604,
-0.06684430688619614,
0.05422814190387726,
0.04164610058069229,
0.0056674899533391,
0.029253873974084854,
-0.00910125020891428,
-0.013456574641168118,
-0.014623776078224182,
0.0005203850450925529,
0.0251623522490263,
-0.04585571959614754,
-0.14328764379024506,
0.0275015439838171,
-0.0458700954914093,
0.013610322959721088,
-0.010525467805564404,
-0.03135651722550392,
-0.04679509624838829,
0.017828091979026794,
0.01573074422776699,
-0.036447327584028244,
0.006827071309089661,
0.0011609733337536454,
0.011518989689648151,
-0.0235088299959898,
-0.0028437243308871984,
0.04259548708796501,
0.014632554724812508,
-0.000573975732550025,
0.011584616266191006,
0.05664799362421036,
0.022007303312420845,
0.013252242468297482,
0.0026483265683054924,
0.0556127093732357,
0.03611418977379799,
-0.006368501577526331,
-0.034173622727394104,
0.06714152544736862,
0.01842999830842018,
-0.007297723554074764,
0.030040161684155464,
-0.014585346914827824,
0.06152442470192909,
-0.11504042893648148,
-0.002269781194627285,
0.03884003683924675,
-0.0620710588991642,
-0.06291554868221283,
-0.05854586139321327,
0.0856376513838768,
-0.01781649887561798,
0.08154349029064178,
0.052024323493242264,
0.043081134557724,
0.11563987284898758,
-0.016294777393341064,
-0.03457283973693848,
-0.04131929948925972,
-0.007718570996075869,
-0.008237815462052822,
0.030441798269748688,
-0.05895470455288887,
-0.007543446961790323,
0.03130864351987839,
-0.007498821243643761,
-0.01610046811401844,
-0.06719952821731567,
-0.08761642128229141,
-0.07565584033727646,
-0.014323296025395393,
0.014441641047596931,
0.01958046294748783,
-0.035359643399715424,
-0.013516572304069996,
-0.015362205915153027,
-0.019983436912298203,
0.0335879921913147,
-0.04844663292169571,
-0.003896313486620784,
-0.012672287411987782,
0.40503236651420593,
-0.03215297684073448,
-0.034150563180446625,
0.0014584552263841033,
0.03602495416998863,
-0.07276204228401184,
0.015886714681982994,
-0.05954954773187637,
0.004023273475468159,
-0.03917370364069939,
0.04554179683327675,
0.030696626752614975,
0.015042539685964584,
0.0646170899271965,
-0.004006555303931236,
-0.07144767791032791,
-0.02723996713757515,
0.0733899176120758,
0.011315572075545788,
-0.0812460258603096,
0.07438217103481293,
0.014726248569786549,
0.03000231646001339,
0.0498698353767395,
0.027180830016732216,
0.0350675955414772,
-0.0036135301925241947,
-0.003419281681999564,
0.07093542069196701,
0.020737051963806152,
-0.015656132251024246,
-0.011605076491832733,
0.05368185415863991,
-0.05147179216146469,
-0.006176751106977463,
-0.01631116308271885,
-0.01536227110773325,
0.007217463571578264,
-0.037643756717443466,
-0.0087714409455657,
-0.003127441741526127,
0.014351309277117252,
-0.10333157330751419,
-0.03469272702932358,
-0.012170705944299698,
0.005370089318603277,
-0.0003201141662430018,
-0.04665879160165787,
0.005050661973655224,
-0.006592859514057636,
0.06385882943868637,
0.01771123893558979,
0.035355549305677414,
-0.01893976517021656,
0.0016913767904043198,
-0.014733606949448586,
0.0008352839504368603,
-0.056725502014160156,
0.05155504494905472,
-0.06005902215838432,
-0.010391506366431713,
-0.03472233936190605,
-0.052866458892822266,
-0.06340191513299942,
0.0841468870639801,
0.045362889766693115,
-0.034565478563308716,
-0.0978633239865303,
0.012483743950724602,
-0.026971708983182907,
0.0013606562279164791,
0.03785286471247673,
0.00015321715909522027,
-0.0142985163256526,
-0.006385480519384146,
-0.005380420014262199,
-0.03206050395965576,
-0.017317352816462517,
-0.03149142861366272,
-0.010595635510981083,
0.014704654924571514,
0.02750827930867672,
-0.00943775661289692,
-0.02859852835536003,
0.053281329572200775,
-0.02472570724785328,
-0.010535423643887043,
-0.03465725854039192,
0.034736763685941696,
0.06901576370000839,
-0.024988867342472076,
0.028623024001717567,
-0.013549177907407284,
-0.07972446084022522,
-0.07127135246992111,
0.008294595405459404,
-0.06074069067835808,
-0.04237762466073036,
-0.05103062093257904,
0.0013809313531965017,
-0.031170513480901718,
0.07028765231370926,
-0.017711233347654343,
0.03692878410220146,
0.06888016313314438,
-0.023460078984498978,
0.02068762294948101,
0.02104625664651394,
-0.036536552011966705,
0.07784107327461243,
0.00498489523306489,
-0.03176530823111534,
0.013688270002603531,
-0.018811075016856194,
0.030185040086507797,
0.018015319481492043,
0.07373566180467606,
-0.00998577568680048,
0.02605096809566021,
0.02290870063006878,
-0.008768554776906967,
0.05850941687822342,
-0.046280648559331894,
0.026773573830723763,
-0.32236620783805847,
-0.07478980720043182,
-0.05103468894958496,
-0.082433320581913,
-0.015438485890626907,
0.020979104563593864,
-0.023145945742726326,
-0.028002364560961723,
-0.013969898223876953,
-0.09304157644510269,
0.021386776119470596,
0.09975260496139526,
-0.029547840356826782,
0.017883993685245514,
-0.07973555475473404,
0.026325078681111336,
0.02359408512711525,
-0.028376514092087746,
0.058602508157491684,
0.022344693541526794,
-0.03738013282418251,
-0.002035760087892413,
0.005959490314126015,
-0.006787447724491358,
0.039984431117773056,
-0.050719115883111954,
0.09812062978744507,
0.05994304642081261,
0.03749135136604309,
-0.015996433794498444,
0.06154300644993782,
-0.028370093554258347,
-0.015712592750787735,
-0.030426332727074623,
0.05648450553417206,
-0.044158853590488434,
-0.02226950228214264,
-0.04016714543104172,
-0.027262238785624504,
-0.038032252341508865,
-0.03889809176325798,
-0.03131325542926788,
-0.02715444192290306,
-0.02250584214925766,
0.022194255143404007,
-0.04678856208920479,
0.02404787391424179,
0.021560462191700935,
0.016093352809548378,
0.061105623841285706,
0.07763130962848663,
-0.0661499947309494,
0.04391844943165779,
0.023936424404382706,
-0.009739934466779232,
-0.03664765879511833,
-0.025462470948696136,
0.00024244649102911353,
-0.03624926880002022,
-0.008529042825102806,
0.06684966385364532,
0.010298965498805046,
0.013397442176938057,
-0.02316531352698803,
-0.032856497913599014,
-0.03926881402730942,
-0.014937330968677998,
0.017665795981884003,
0.013334514573216438,
-0.03381460905075073,
-0.018731148913502693,
0.09187989681959152,
-0.033575091511011124,
0.016446691006422043,
-0.019687995314598083,
0.04521144554018974,
0.01129330974072218,
-0.013099675998091698,
0.019674401730298996,
-0.06674406677484512,
0.00482657365500927,
-0.04481241852045059,
0.029166756197810173,
0.010966680012643337,
-0.03747090697288513,
0.007463245186954737,
-0.051199425011873245,
-0.007914949208498001,
-0.02411734312772751,
-0.0307339895516634,
-0.02303345315158367,
0.027388742193579674,
-0.035373784601688385,
0.013845602050423622,
-0.04280499368906021,
0.020032530650496483,
-0.2804804742336273,
-0.008691358380019665,
-0.035882361233234406,
0.04540722444653511,
0.010202576406300068,
0.03629876673221588,
0.03165605291724205,
0.013393647968769073,
0.03036288544535637,
0.006081990897655487,
0.045888110995292664,
-0.07027936726808548,
0.053623709827661514,
-0.014164826832711697,
-0.042473867535591125,
0.004225742071866989,
0.0768645629286766,
0.02210405468940735,
0.0070394789800047874,
-0.000999575830064714,
0.04450727626681328,
0.04225233197212219,
0.12756432592868805,
0.025339465588331223,
0.0055463588796556,
0.034209273755550385,
-0.027396222576498985,
0.10247085988521576,
0.026030750945210457,
0.08643832057714462,
0.037511296570301056,
0.06963261216878891,
0.026385117322206497,
-0.010651610791683197,
0.0010703506413847208,
0.040168676525354385,
0.04650349169969559,
0.025024088099598885,
-0.01096971146762371,
0.017390213906764984,
-0.001359199290163815,
0.07130257785320282,
-0.019962241873145103,
0.002483754651620984,
0.05982091277837753,
-0.007052879314869642,
-0.005449451506137848,
-0.009326067753136158,
0.0060579050332307816,
0.028927037492394447,
-0.021271632984280586,
-0.0016362936003133655,
0.043877169489860535,
0.049055952578783035,
0.004613618832081556,
-0.0034338263794779778,
0.07440835982561111,
-0.03630894050002098,
0.010435019619762897,
-0.05298268049955368,
0.08090008050203323,
0.0015651260036975145,
-0.09366265684366226,
0.10039688646793365,
0.0005527018802240491
] |
PMID:19635
|
Evaluation of cimetidine (tagamet). An antagonist of hydrochloric acid secretion.
|
Cimetidine, a potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been introduced for the treatment of various conditions associated with acid peptic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary results are encouraging. Adverse reactions do not appear to be substantial; however, the effect of long-term use has yet to be ascertained.
|
Evaluation of cimetidine (tagamet). An antagonist of hydrochloric acid secretion. Cimetidine, a potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been introduced for the treatment of various conditions associated with acid peptic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary results are encouraging. Adverse reactions do not appear to be substantial; however, the effect of long-term use has yet to be ascertained.
|
[
-0.01026630587875843,
-0.01416127197444439,
-0.02121865563094616,
0.0539359413087368,
-0.028409162536263466,
-0.06137644872069359,
0.06334500014781952,
0.09076433628797531,
-0.030030587688088417,
-0.022480512037873268,
0.01255081407725811,
-0.013383329845964909,
0.009221398271620274,
0.02010461688041687,
0.08466461300849915,
-0.01567983813583851,
0.009976964443922043,
0.05650465562939644,
0.002634321339428425,
-0.060935746878385544,
-0.04216058924794197,
0.04217036813497543,
-0.0025065105874091387,
-0.004634256009012461,
-0.04975617304444313,
0.010793034918606281,
-0.034556157886981964,
-0.004444870166480541,
-0.10411537438631058,
-0.12924186885356903,
0.051388274878263474,
-0.003065524622797966,
-0.0016507742693647742,
0.04346296563744545,
-0.08285588771104813,
0.04923179745674133,
-0.03148443624377251,
0.057798221707344055,
0.0013909933622926474,
-0.015956752002239227,
0.021205341443419456,
0.07232443988323212,
0.0001646601449465379,
0.019883764907717705,
-0.033823832869529724,
-0.023739568889141083,
0.01612844318151474,
-0.009793443605303764,
0.04180075228214264,
0.02939930558204651,
0.01578628458082676,
0.0013169768499210477,
-0.008559162728488445,
0.07447303831577301,
-0.006489270832389593,
0.002834497718140483,
-0.052236076444387436,
-0.022765519097447395,
0.04828040301799774,
-0.0017931513721123338,
0.034885890781879425,
0.05330454185605049,
-0.1359940767288208,
0.056410402059555054,
0.051898907870054245,
0.058403320610523224,
-0.05741414055228233,
-0.005628935992717743,
0.05570593476295471,
0.09560184925794601,
0.001464326516725123,
-0.007506981957703829,
-0.010905948467552662,
0.03964640945196152,
0.004557005595415831,
-0.03260079026222229,
-0.024691032245755196,
-0.05825875699520111,
-0.013315883465111256,
0.031179305166006088,
0.02802964486181736,
0.012201528064906597,
-0.06743747740983963,
-0.06379041075706482,
0.0581287182867527,
-0.05701127648353577,
0.0390462763607502,
0.03673817589879036,
-0.010883240960538387,
-0.03550255298614502,
0.010217597708106041,
-0.10253088921308517,
-0.02813471108675003,
-0.06306688487529755,
-0.05664724484086037,
-0.04732631519436836,
0.012546664103865623,
0.004353901371359825,
-0.055437423288822174,
0.3175552487373352,
-0.047664888203144073,
-0.06360611319541931,
-0.04388570785522461,
-0.05647211894392967,
0.04059771075844765,
-0.03144829720258713,
-0.016892241314053535,
-0.013799767009913921,
-0.008131585083901882,
0.016309358179569244,
0.0723031684756279,
0.07508360594511032,
0.05785633251070976,
-0.057576511055231094,
-0.006522861309349537,
0.015279240906238556,
0.028088806197047234,
0.04916108772158623,
0.028590457513928413,
0.02685239538550377,
-0.03294473513960838,
0.0077000949531793594,
0.04681552201509476,
0.056094516068696976,
-0.017529748380184174,
0.009637705981731415,
-0.025485338643193245,
0.08511340618133545,
-0.008726687170565128,
0.011247467249631882,
0.02242450602352619,
-0.019506951794028282,
-0.03188155218958855,
0.06469092518091202,
0.03281774744391441,
0.03901384398341179,
0.03256084397435188,
-0.05241192504763603,
0.04005543515086174,
-0.02452223189175129,
-0.04357600957155228,
-0.07105381786823273,
-0.07077927142381668,
-0.10452588647603989,
-0.08427771180868149,
0.09951409697532654,
-0.014377875253558159,
-0.003698524786159396,
-0.054582301527261734,
0.021412454545497894,
-0.0025570904836058617,
0.012343178503215313,
0.07066171616315842,
-0.00579919945448637,
0.025310324504971504,
-0.005490678828209639,
0.04796813428401947,
-0.035480231046676636,
-0.002898451639339328,
0.0245889313519001,
-0.026827489957213402,
-0.06601134687662125,
-0.04664194956421852,
0.10964370518922806,
-0.06649626791477203,
-0.07546540349721909,
-0.025695743039250374,
-0.026763292029500008,
-0.0035547646693885326,
0.047569938004016876,
-0.020686646923422813,
0.0031383484601974487,
0.008816389366984367,
-0.0009347311570309103,
-0.04123659431934357,
0.03285231068730354,
0.0268827136605978,
0.015672044828534126,
0.019856050610542297,
0.02329977974295616,
0.07366406172513962,
0.025105943903326988,
-0.010053548961877823,
0.019392747431993484,
0.013094008900225163,
-0.006127063184976578,
-0.024357670918107033,
-0.0034512151032686234,
0.0641934797167778,
0.04270309954881668,
-0.043491851538419724,
0.03570710867643356,
-0.031166106462478638,
-0.026239536702632904,
0.003174673765897751,
0.021145252510905266,
-0.08286315947771072,
0.039123546332120895,
-0.03242766857147217,
-0.022921830415725708,
0.05875878408551216,
0.0803009495139122,
0.04187777638435364,
0.06645724922418594,
0.0707504078745842,
-0.014351864345371723,
-0.01807781122624874,
-0.08506230264902115,
-0.016445038840174675,
-0.06618575751781464,
0.022269459441304207,
0.06073669716715813,
-0.027425333857536316,
0.008555460721254349,
-0.03967508673667908,
0.05207556486129761,
0.01923440955579281,
0.016472192481160164,
0.022601211443543434,
0.0045891329646110535,
-0.007252405863255262,
-0.02432408556342125,
-0.03651377931237221,
-0.2972885072231293,
-0.0343010351061821,
0.02568831667304039,
-0.009134609252214432,
0.05010129138827324,
-0.0737682357430458,
0.02172779105603695,
-0.042077306658029556,
-0.03522336110472679,
-0.015720181167125702,
0.0008492677006870508,
0.028604278340935707,
-0.07042544335126877,
-0.018658054992556572,
0.0006690004374831915,
0.027076318860054016,
0.04198579490184784,
0.0514104850590229,
0.06590776145458221,
0.011435608379542828,
0.07431695610284805,
-0.047420088201761246,
0.007366554345935583,
-0.036587391048669815,
0.03269239142537117,
0.0013613107148557901,
0.08269523084163666,
0.04768724367022514,
-0.046238724142313004,
-0.004984538536518812,
0.00806288793683052,
0.01870610937476158,
0.014424948021769524,
-0.09726671129465103,
0.027249924838542938,
-0.04487595334649086,
0.011710011400282383,
-0.06742708384990692,
0.04591720923781395,
-0.006046589929610491,
-0.034176457673311234,
-0.06025879457592964,
0.014799972996115685,
-0.10097665339708328,
0.012670396827161312,
0.05354836583137512,
-0.0520050935447216,
0.1047850027680397,
-0.036564286798238754,
-0.0173569917678833,
0.030666181817650795,
0.032698724418878555,
-0.025103969499468803,
0.03935867175459862,
0.0009052089299075305,
0.0032363783102482557,
-0.020359637215733528,
-0.01472470909357071,
-0.1138281524181366,
-0.0648716539144516,
-0.03633102774620056,
-0.014674369245767593,
0.032062727957963943,
0.0587148480117321,
-0.009655128233134747,
0.0318414531648159,
0.023375680670142174,
-0.041508469730615616,
0.05672944337129593,
-0.008913540281355381,
0.015117928385734558,
0.09610472619533539,
-0.05597864091396332,
0.006725957617163658,
0.05498886853456497,
0.028072046115994453,
0.0038330804090946913,
-0.07968084514141083,
-0.08237504214048386,
-0.009209073148667812,
-0.005819021724164486,
0.06983441114425659,
0.041021090000867844,
-0.001978678861632943,
-0.06934627145528793,
-0.0029844711534678936,
-0.00743226520717144,
-0.040245383977890015,
0.04081006348133087,
-0.027682051062583923,
0.042194169014692307,
0.07151566445827484,
-0.06183793768286705,
-0.015057655982673168,
0.022647639736533165,
0.017058510333299637,
-0.27673453092575073,
0.04591265693306923,
0.03490779176354408,
-0.03440137207508087,
-0.0193321593105793,
0.012159362435340881,
0.025292884558439255,
-0.017749544233083725,
-0.04739353805780411,
0.006164281629025936,
0.0440450944006443,
0.030153149738907814,
0.029418202117085457,
0.02547014318406582,
-0.03366527333855629,
-0.05000091344118118,
0.07615320384502411,
-0.03480251505970955,
-0.028227122500538826,
0.03519909828901291,
-0.039229124784469604,
-0.04051646217703819,
0.13368293642997742,
-0.03994980454444885,
0.03895572945475578,
-0.001888741971924901,
0.027074232697486877,
0.03387494757771492,
0.04065622761845589,
0.030164595693349838,
-0.025339120998978615,
0.010137610137462616,
0.07562939077615738,
-0.025869691744446754,
0.013862857595086098,
0.01619846746325493,
0.02101544290781021,
0.018084891140460968,
-0.0439416840672493,
0.0033971318043768406,
-0.03652602434158325,
0.007616403046995401,
-0.009356779977679253,
-0.00720695685595274,
0.04380796477198601,
-0.035678379237651825,
-0.014084395952522755,
-0.034884680062532425,
-0.02046140842139721,
-0.006909418851137161,
-0.002851247088983655,
-0.06816460937261581,
0.03553367406129837,
0.035752009600400925,
0.0535467155277729,
0.03605278208851814,
0.036180462688207626,
-0.047010574489831924,
-0.008532339707016945,
-0.038418300449848175,
0.028372827917337418,
0.00359937222674489,
0.032994966953992844,
0.05449210852384567,
0.015622715465724468
] |
PMID:19636
|
Neural blockade by local anesthetics.
|
Local anesthetics block nerve impulse propagation by occluding transmembrane sodium channels, so preventing depolarization. First, the uncharged lipid-soluble anesthetic base pentrates the membrane; then the positively charged cation binds to anionic components of the sodium channel's internal axoplasmic mouth. Though primarily a carrier, the base contributes to blockade by causing the membrane to swell, so pinching the sodium channels. Dissolved in water, local anesthetic salt crystals dissociate into anesthetic cation and base-proportional to the drug's fixed pKa and the tissue's variable pH. The cation-base concentration ration is critical to optimal neural blockade. If there is too little base, few anesthetic molecules will penetrate to the neural target; if too little cation, few sodium channels will be plugged.
|
Neural blockade by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics block nerve impulse propagation by occluding transmembrane sodium channels, so preventing depolarization. First, the uncharged lipid-soluble anesthetic base pentrates the membrane; then the positively charged cation binds to anionic components of the sodium channel's internal axoplasmic mouth. Though primarily a carrier, the base contributes to blockade by causing the membrane to swell, so pinching the sodium channels. Dissolved in water, local anesthetic salt crystals dissociate into anesthetic cation and base-proportional to the drug's fixed pKa and the tissue's variable pH. The cation-base concentration ration is critical to optimal neural blockade. If there is too little base, few anesthetic molecules will penetrate to the neural target; if too little cation, few sodium channels will be plugged.
|
[
-0.01148674264550209,
-0.017226409167051315,
-0.030007459223270416,
-0.03369918465614319,
-0.03505251929163933,
-0.01453858520835638,
0.08453990519046783,
0.02808154746890068,
0.004721978213638067,
-0.020471012219786644,
-0.014041849412024021,
-0.03776159882545471,
-0.00773724215105176,
0.08380560576915741,
0.006412421818822622,
-0.0010297606931999326,
-0.06286249309778214,
0.020584531128406525,
-0.05148022249341011,
0.0025079387705773115,
0.009618516080081463,
0.03854142501950264,
-0.02694317139685154,
-0.004634158220142126,
0.03098483197391033,
-0.004557739477604628,
0.036470189690589905,
-0.0233223345130682,
-0.004490948282182217,
-0.24237321317195892,
-0.0469803586602211,
0.012157559394836426,
0.01964568719267845,
-0.006415132898837328,
-0.035578373819589615,
0.020549219101667404,
-0.04776262491941452,
0.004886682145297527,
-0.052951570600271225,
0.05439739301800728,
0.0333527997136116,
0.04419940710067749,
-0.002817323664203286,
-0.02317466214299202,
0.01440737396478653,
-0.014555128291249275,
0.021909644827246666,
0.017469435930252075,
0.14678771793842316,
0.00785757228732109,
0.08387243002653122,
0.008606712333858013,
0.018168551847338676,
0.042673174291849136,
-0.021036069840192795,
-0.05341232568025589,
-0.05436348915100098,
0.06152450293302536,
-0.001489605288952589,
0.0007754117832519114,
-0.014572761952877045,
0.06422312557697296,
-0.11912395805120468,
0.0674465149641037,
0.033767592161893845,
-0.01620413176715374,
0.06772306561470032,
0.050693660974502563,
0.01311187818646431,
0.06690169125795364,
-0.02607249654829502,
-0.004370025359094143,
-0.002837343839928508,
-0.02015055902302265,
0.0036385180428624153,
-0.02313232421875,
0.03621448203921318,
0.08338500559329987,
0.02714262343943119,
-0.04459967464208603,
0.0007007397944107652,
-0.07958153635263443,
-0.053741153329610825,
-0.03603805601596832,
0.012802118435502052,
0.02446867898106575,
0.0916137769818306,
-0.059690773487091064,
-0.028451554477214813,
0.01768522709608078,
-0.06325457245111465,
-0.048015814274549484,
-0.036883510649204254,
-0.03433055058121681,
-0.03558768704533577,
0.04403364658355713,
-0.0492631159722805,
-0.00403840746730566,
-0.05352100729942322,
0.3303355276584625,
0.013522626832127571,
0.030329501256346703,
-0.053272098302841187,
-0.010441768914461136,
-0.022074945271015167,
-0.06043988838791847,
0.03072991408407688,
-0.0015131259569898248,
-0.0382414311170578,
0.04481025040149689,
0.06195772439241409,
0.00641012703999877,
-0.028210751712322235,
-0.037348419427871704,
-0.044205326586961746,
0.020510556176304817,
0.0250160600990057,
-0.006316347047686577,
0.02558821439743042,
-0.006222847383469343,
-0.08136463165283203,
-0.023151544854044914,
-0.006906119640916586,
0.023324202746152878,
0.05952800065279007,
0.026784952729940414,
-0.031944382935762405,
0.07918351888656616,
0.043342575430870056,
0.018331779167056084,
0.0640285387635231,
-0.009294138289988041,
0.000004991905825590948,
0.019881246611475945,
-0.0131844412535429,
0.0012413092190399766,
0.0070666298270225525,
-0.059014152735471725,
-0.023303590714931488,
-0.03665444254875183,
-0.05630937218666077,
-0.03780641034245491,
0.006871958263218403,
-0.06562596559524536,
-0.08734003454446793,
0.052869949489831924,
-0.014094690792262554,
0.006650203373283148,
-0.040255457162857056,
0.008585020899772644,
-0.020462658256292343,
0.04490116238594055,
-0.05325140058994293,
0.006123056635260582,
-0.011209741234779358,
0.005377575289458036,
-0.01305880956351757,
0.02412034384906292,
-0.06529031693935394,
0.005022269207984209,
-0.014577102847397327,
-0.031354524195194244,
0.033109527081251144,
0.11407105624675751,
-0.008290916681289673,
0.03047463670372963,
-0.03462376073002815,
-0.042674366384744644,
0.027631383389234543,
0.011701410636305809,
-0.03613052889704704,
-0.008510567247867584,
0.027223357930779457,
-0.022580713033676147,
-0.024103570729494095,
0.02372296340763569,
-0.006141141522675753,
-0.04402700066566467,
-0.015062500722706318,
-0.02184564247727394,
0.02664494700729847,
-0.01102111954241991,
-0.015367926098406315,
-0.003369442652910948,
0.04591136798262596,
0.017833286896348,
-0.01464514248073101,
0.0032565377186983824,
-0.01982751674950123,
-0.02167592942714691,
-0.031079059466719627,
0.017547983676195145,
-0.09408852458000183,
0.01973956637084484,
-0.04128506779670715,
-0.05310085788369179,
0.01875336840748787,
-0.006551374681293964,
-0.015571655705571175,
0.034343499690294266,
0.07977575808763504,
-0.010250722989439964,
-0.11639495939016342,
0.056692421436309814,
0.06072409078478813,
0.03278091549873352,
-0.005822544917464256,
0.049267664551734924,
0.036213818937540054,
0.03293432667851448,
0.002125088358297944,
0.03218318894505501,
-0.004378991201519966,
-0.05330744758248329,
0.006820026785135269,
-0.031560804694890976,
-0.023882202804088593,
-0.004434922710061073,
0.02673322521150112,
-0.02711361087858677,
0.060990817844867706,
-0.032052937895059586,
0.00989904161542654,
-0.3160768449306488,
0.015338785946369171,
0.0046550557017326355,
-0.016741661354899406,
0.07220864295959473,
-0.04348939657211304,
0.08988846838474274,
-0.030417725443840027,
-0.05622493475675583,
-0.07890982180833817,
0.033988140523433685,
0.02364972047507763,
-0.02811567485332489,
0.019477689638733864,
-0.0004846923111472279,
-0.015665750950574875,
0.0900503620505333,
-0.0019709612242877483,
0.029473716393113136,
0.00010229116742266342,
0.05477670952677727,
-0.028059128671884537,
-0.01206971425563097,
0.030884815379977226,
0.023815492168068886,
-0.012379162944853306,
0.054863203316926956,
-0.004948613699525595,
0.07623402774333954,
-0.039188530296087265,
0.06701347231864929,
0.02554113045334816,
-0.0026810234412550926,
-0.07988245040178299,
-0.029686331748962402,
-0.02632984332740307,
0.05373423919081688,
0.048286959528923035,
0.003783794352784753,
-0.019237812608480453,
-0.07214533537626266,
-0.014146802015602589,
-0.01573823019862175,
0.02263566479086876,
-0.033243779093027115,
-0.0033129206858575344,
-0.019833814352750778,
0.00314969290047884,
-0.008806979283690453,
-0.07175896316766739,
0.11501786857843399,
0.013140568509697914,
-0.02202502265572548,
-0.01270579919219017,
0.012209676206111908,
-0.037076715379953384,
-0.022420629858970642,
-0.07498447597026825,
-0.054109446704387665,
0.02558721974492073,
-0.011634050868451595,
0.044598616659641266,
0.026090113446116447,
-0.038760896772146225,
-0.009310824796557426,
0.023108862340450287,
0.029330769553780556,
0.013954183086752892,
0.0767565667629242,
0.020517554134130478,
0.01284636277705431,
0.13664039969444275,
-0.02951996400952339,
-0.0006381012499332428,
0.010622747242450714,
0.05425628647208214,
0.013389120809733868,
0.051793646067380905,
-0.06735863536596298,
0.030557872727513313,
-0.018294285982847214,
0.02313830703496933,
0.043407339602708817,
-0.009084357880055904,
-0.019359814003109932,
-0.011905021034181118,
0.04310639202594757,
-0.029765846207737923,
0.041188981384038925,
0.026953889057040215,
-0.0035543411504477262,
0.07028014212846756,
-0.03973647952079773,
-0.04972747713327408,
0.01957312785089016,
0.006947641260921955,
-0.2657461166381836,
0.02874697372317314,
0.05055558308959007,
-0.027744514867663383,
0.026081198826432228,
-0.012682199478149414,
0.007428079377859831,
-0.024388957768678665,
-0.05344019830226898,
0.017068076878786087,
-0.037432923913002014,
0.05908192694187164,
0.024011345580220222,
0.02914845384657383,
-0.003978618420660496,
0.04537694901227951,
0.09540916234254837,
-0.09299534559249878,
0.05761076509952545,
-0.0652812197804451,
-0.009307506494224072,
0.0019557583145797253,
0.13022933900356293,
-0.011776148341596127,
0.014537972398102283,
0.03551406413316727,
-0.0031603819224983454,
-0.009974987246096134,
0.0008260852191597223,
0.02431373856961727,
0.01029211189597845,
0.058437783271074295,
-0.0025095574092119932,
-0.02797401323914528,
0.01619901694357395,
0.04971321299672127,
-0.044325198978185654,
-0.006060395389795303,
0.03374079614877701,
-0.042844269424676895,
0.012342563830316067,
0.02403302490711212,
-0.05749960616230965,
-0.004986691288650036,
0.07297558337450027,
-0.0714481920003891,
-0.06750798970460892,
-0.06462746858596802,
0.05284222960472107,
0.0037690328899770975,
-0.008707939647138119,
0.028162308037281036,
0.05506996065378189,
0.00453890860080719,
0.024046778678894043,
0.04956870526075363,
-0.03462272509932518,
-0.011072480119764805,
-0.027522772550582886,
0.0465792715549469,
0.017963945865631104,
-0.06778670847415924,
-0.018963610753417015,
0.0012950170785188675,
0.10911796987056732
] |
PMID:19637
|
Aspiration of metallic mercury. A 22-year follow-up.
|
Rupture of the mercury-filled bag of an intestinal tube resulted in aspiration of metallic mercury 22 years ago in the patient reported. Immediate respiratory distress was treated with vigorous suctioning and postural drainage. Follow-up chest roentgenograms persistently showed radiopaque particles in the lungs. Signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory disease have since developed in the patient. Postmortem findings from the lungs included globules of metallic mercury surrounded by extensive fibrosis and granuloma formation, which we believe to be the result of local irritative effects of mercury.
|
Aspiration of metallic mercury. A 22-year follow-up. Rupture of the mercury-filled bag of an intestinal tube resulted in aspiration of metallic mercury 22 years ago in the patient reported. Immediate respiratory distress was treated with vigorous suctioning and postural drainage. Follow-up chest roentgenograms persistently showed radiopaque particles in the lungs. Signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory disease have since developed in the patient. Postmortem findings from the lungs included globules of metallic mercury surrounded by extensive fibrosis and granuloma formation, which we believe to be the result of local irritative effects of mercury.
|
[
-0.01971147395670414,
0.030475730076432228,
0.05588403716683388,
0.03566978499293327,
0.031976647675037384,
-0.06313810497522354,
0.08168119192123413,
0.06461495906114578,
-0.06397102028131485,
0.020704131573438644,
-0.002351942704990506,
-0.0544552356004715,
-0.004631766118109226,
0.044695720076560974,
-0.025645647197961807,
0.05172935873270035,
-0.04329591616988182,
-0.029774285852909088,
-0.08541613072156906,
-0.015263483859598637,
-0.03599535673856735,
0.06226911023259163,
0.05116193741559982,
-0.060749102383852005,
-0.0024999058805406094,
0.06464609503746033,
-0.03978879004716873,
-0.012866631150245667,
-0.03889286518096924,
-0.16680186986923218,
0.03621437028050423,
-0.026875045150518417,
0.005761206150054932,
-0.012824867852032185,
-0.016338009387254715,
-0.04116607457399368,
-0.02190803550183773,
0.06094693765044212,
-0.06418685615062714,
0.035977937281131744,
0.012770424596965313,
0.001426249509677291,
-0.011903591454029083,
-0.03428693488240242,
-0.04304914548993111,
-0.01456071250140667,
-0.005584911443293095,
-0.04409747198224068,
0.14189167320728302,
0.017536131665110588,
0.008298744447529316,
-0.021658901125192642,
0.00635529262945056,
0.12048979848623276,
-0.04287126287817955,
-0.03407799452543259,
-0.006639477796852589,
0.0010947735281661153,
-0.008850756101310253,
0.02948836423456669,
0.03270862624049187,
0.0025370274670422077,
-0.1228891983628273,
0.04066072776913643,
0.031058961525559425,
0.02558528445661068,
-0.018651893362402916,
-0.05113814026117325,
0.04046820476651192,
0.017073795199394226,
-0.004072150681167841,
0.004582431633025408,
-0.0020335493609309196,
0.0838203951716423,
0.034289345145225525,
0.007107463199645281,
0.03058074228465557,
-0.03620792180299759,
0.030484775081276894,
0.009787851944565773,
0.006998245604336262,
0.06601449102163315,
-0.03217434883117676,
-0.051440734416246414,
-0.020205598324537277,
-0.04060613736510277,
-0.03830820694565773,
-0.07387353479862213,
-0.03001236915588379,
-0.0020463508553802967,
-0.011676929891109467,
-0.035473182797431946,
-0.045297667384147644,
0.013382503762841225,
-0.07084950059652328,
0.0050023458898067474,
0.0401538647711277,
0.016008205711841583,
0.039214830845594406,
0.3384826183319092,
0.016053250059485435,
0.084451824426651,
-0.01890508644282818,
-0.01486162468791008,
-0.03611109405755997,
0.029611261561512947,
-0.002071587834507227,
-0.0623813234269619,
-0.035559605807065964,
0.07416613399982452,
0.021561887115240097,
0.01328162383288145,
0.03434015437960625,
-0.021062742918729782,
-0.017848456278443336,
0.045158449560403824,
-0.019884567707777023,
-0.01467814203351736,
-0.06570285558700562,
0.03263691067695618,
-0.026357125490903854,
-0.02419310435652733,
0.03025072067975998,
0.004457383882254362,
0.04719700291752815,
0.029310211539268494,
0.05439436808228493,
0.06079666316509247,
-0.02102130651473999,
-0.008234156295657158,
0.03867262601852417,
0.021994035691022873,
-0.013603880070149899,
-0.008496015332639217,
0.032266560941934586,
0.034904103726148605,
0.04902246221899986,
0.03191765397787094,
0.053147636353969574,
0.0187898650765419,
-0.030453335493803024,
-0.1297963410615921,
-0.07937853038311005,
-0.08235441148281097,
-0.03845511004328728,
0.03431006520986557,
-0.04042595997452736,
-0.011151915416121483,
-0.032213643193244934,
-0.061245448887348175,
-0.025037571787834167,
0.013892494142055511,
0.006188714411109686,
0.0545157827436924,
-0.0029268511570990086,
0.027315253391861916,
0.01023153867572546,
0.0675327330827713,
0.06425868719816208,
-0.025892168283462524,
0.00949957687407732,
-0.02850852720439434,
-0.011543144471943378,
0.0683559849858284,
0.0591677688062191,
0.017449812963604927,
-0.08283186703920364,
-0.032009951770305634,
0.06576555967330933,
0.007286250591278076,
0.019549887627363205,
0.08189091086387634,
0.02882472053170204,
-0.09015055000782013,
0.041355494409799576,
0.020804347470402718,
0.026555730029940605,
0.005349625833332539,
-0.02184583619236946,
0.012867079116404057,
0.006888838950544596,
0.011007904075086117,
-0.008877714164555073,
0.03573368862271309,
-0.018237082287669182,
-0.04175062105059624,
-0.05910705402493477,
0.04271654784679413,
0.054920297116041183,
0.04601361230015755,
-0.01433903444558382,
-0.005177190061658621,
-0.04252002015709877,
-0.03561321273446083,
0.03438650444149971,
-0.02833838202059269,
0.014822321012616158,
-0.018642954528331757,
0.0009191617136821151,
-0.03988439589738846,
0.06390629708766937,
-0.08385366946458817,
-0.0005821660161018372,
0.014578095637261868,
0.009231318719685078,
0.000806454278063029,
-0.016234273090958595,
0.01834137737751007,
0.044020142406225204,
-0.043374404311180115,
-0.0023560766130685806,
0.05540906637907028,
-0.01119348593056202,
0.0559307262301445,
0.03973980247974396,
0.03451687470078468,
0.011756686493754387,
-0.07532763481140137,
-0.028116365894675255,
0.038517776876688004,
0.06200585514307022,
-0.05284973978996277,
-0.05852442607283592,
-0.31636694073677063,
-0.04803268611431122,
0.0195892583578825,
0.006586261559277773,
0.08062930405139923,
0.03633928298950195,
-0.01924353465437889,
0.012478495948016644,
0.035803161561489105,
-0.07344862818717957,
0.00175905239302665,
0.07860026508569717,
-0.044207725673913956,
-0.04780358821153641,
0.01046184916049242,
0.03290490061044693,
0.02131042815744877,
-0.04441588371992111,
-0.011021718382835388,
0.022168468683958054,
-0.05024874955415726,
-0.01108351070433855,
-0.0011192609090358019,
-0.005806840490549803,
0.004194291774183512,
-0.028129294514656067,
0.14881882071495056,
-0.013985802419483662,
-0.055216751992702484,
-0.021169021725654602,
-0.04045378416776657,
-0.015973584726452827,
0.038316354155540466,
-0.010710838250815868,
-0.03247499838471413,
-0.024110371246933937,
-0.02160262130200863,
0.04293721541762352,
-0.06679976731538773,
-0.0031098031904548407,
-0.08675742149353027,
-0.02073582634329796,
-0.04110294207930565,
-0.008814763277769089,
0.0044948928989470005,
-0.012845228426158428,
0.04334340617060661,
0.021524569019675255,
-0.022975783795118332,
0.013496124185621738,
0.013839535415172577,
0.03903345391154289,
0.009652896784245968,
0.008550409227609634,
0.024148928001523018,
0.005921133328229189,
0.018160033971071243,
-0.016881665214896202,
-0.08728406578302383,
0.004857158288359642,
-0.037915341556072235,
-0.015021778643131256,
0.0520436093211174,
-0.024423617869615555,
0.005082021001726389,
-0.02808646857738495,
-0.010202326811850071,
0.019322820007801056,
0.04892644286155701,
-0.042088039219379425,
-0.02525142766535282,
0.1392029970884323,
-0.047134879976511,
-0.07081150263547897,
0.07043316960334778,
0.03186054527759552,
-0.05821984261274338,
-0.014503836631774902,
-0.04848374053835869,
-0.03738795593380928,
-0.0057277437299489975,
-0.012312867678701878,
0.053405214101076126,
0.00843278132379055,
-0.022442229092121124,
0.03585439920425415,
-0.04031439870595932,
-0.06203887239098549,
-0.03215494006872177,
-0.029087239876389503,
0.032053060829639435,
0.0082785002887249,
-0.017909688875079155,
-0.0005600463482551277,
-0.00882851891219616,
0.007784528657793999,
-0.25594213604927063,
-0.0335068516433239,
0.01611432433128357,
0.03480243682861328,
-0.06583670526742935,
0.010930931195616722,
0.02919669821858406,
0.06600277870893478,
-0.008057214319705963,
0.06595513224601746,
-0.006446761544793844,
0.025600383058190346,
0.06438266485929489,
-0.0587022565305233,
0.03170086443424225,
-0.023973139002919197,
0.033071164041757584,
-0.013552878051996231,
0.0215781070291996,
-0.03685656189918518,
0.0331428162753582,
-0.010709282010793686,
0.1263774186372757,
0.0033512262161821127,
-0.03841198980808258,
0.0675930380821228,
0.04123985394835472,
0.035008061677217484,
0.007208433002233505,
0.017887163907289505,
0.1140899807214737,
-0.045379966497421265,
0.08811669051647186,
0.02921215444803238,
-0.011843787506222725,
-0.03321649134159088,
-0.040064387023448944,
0.08574680984020233,
-0.037163618952035904,
0.009151991456747055,
-0.014498763717710972,
0.011915406212210655,
-0.0014766267267987132,
-0.07448476552963257,
0.00041807442903518677,
-0.0310039184987545,
0.00170118547976017,
-0.08332149684429169,
0.015321087092161179,
-0.025550581514835358,
-0.010270846076309681,
0.009846695698797703,
0.048597302287817,
0.0345609188079834,
0.009585380554199219,
0.027515172958374023,
-0.004527341574430466,
-0.018288128077983856,
0.0179054606705904,
-0.024351725354790688,
0.03670378774404526,
0.010828633792698383,
-0.05676131322979927,
0.062180668115615845,
0.0755874365568161
] |
PMID:19639
|
L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent.
|
This paper describes the most recent development in the field of biosynthesis of L-Asparaginase by means of various culture, purification by Column Chromatography, informations of the Catabolite repression of L-Asparaginase and its metabolism in mycobacteria. The separation, purification studies, idea about the effect of different PH on activity, quaternary structure and the effect of specific antibodies on catalytic activity of L-Asparaginase is discussed. This material shows the role of L-Asparaginase in acute lymphocytic leukemia.
|
L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent. This paper describes the most recent development in the field of biosynthesis of L-Asparaginase by means of various culture, purification by Column Chromatography, informations of the Catabolite repression of L-Asparaginase and its metabolism in mycobacteria. The separation, purification studies, idea about the effect of different PH on activity, quaternary structure and the effect of specific antibodies on catalytic activity of L-Asparaginase is discussed. This material shows the role of L-Asparaginase in acute lymphocytic leukemia.
|
[
-0.08224371820688248,
-0.004263006150722504,
-0.04610534757375717,
0.04003429412841797,
-0.013391313143074512,
-0.0710529014468193,
0.07519135624170303,
0.06445665657520294,
-0.046043042093515396,
0.03865695372223854,
0.04308740794658661,
-0.017981277778744698,
0.024398479610681534,
0.018585991114377975,
-0.04028758779168129,
-0.08743511140346527,
0.053128547966480255,
0.02286992035806179,
-0.055511005222797394,
-0.034608177840709686,
-0.00915302149951458,
0.000042678930185502395,
0.005452875513583422,
-0.060252316296100616,
0.05719151720404625,
-0.00003683140312205069,
-0.005173906218260527,
-0.03233977407217026,
-0.028385402634739876,
-0.13009385764598846,
0.03664816915988922,
-0.032806482166051865,
-0.01158130168914795,
-0.06281977146863937,
-0.009659056551754475,
0.06331132352352142,
0.0021990344393998384,
-0.004870029632002115,
-0.005561770871281624,
0.015185361728072166,
-0.018841737881302834,
0.0439535416662693,
0.022750085219740868,
0.0007725642062723637,
0.05844159796833992,
-0.005870108958333731,
0.004219887778162956,
0.0412970595061779,
0.03518069162964821,
-0.021253589540719986,
0.0009085666970349848,
0.005924916360527277,
0.013783508911728859,
0.025936976075172424,
0.0010435663862153888,
-0.06037362664937973,
-0.014042094349861145,
0.07586178928613663,
-0.003483598353341222,
0.053594689816236496,
0.05820382758975029,
-0.022869762033224106,
-0.13122998178005219,
0.04437955096364021,
-0.013608449138700962,
-0.03378947824239731,
-0.005437755025923252,
-0.051615867763757706,
0.0465208999812603,
0.0628492683172226,
-0.056648388504981995,
-0.019070735201239586,
0.0035170973278582096,
0.0374564453959465,
0.08671730011701584,
0.02666233479976654,
0.004138934426009655,
0.015480962581932545,
0.03772621601819992,
-0.004387600347399712,
-0.02755262516438961,
0.0005311004933901131,
0.03739992156624794,
0.029226509854197502,
-0.06382548809051514,
0.03280576691031456,
0.018813813105225563,
0.01402607187628746,
0.05189060419797897,
0.026590857654809952,
-0.010888702236115932,
-0.033989302814006805,
-0.017104459926486015,
0.011801567859947681,
-0.06737013161182404,
0.014358782209455967,
-0.02403480000793934,
0.01308517623692751,
0.06925689429044724,
0.3786832392215729,
-0.034005433320999146,
0.02543494664132595,
-0.020306989550590515,
0.032054055482149124,
-0.006655944045633078,
-0.09282693266868591,
-0.033662907779216766,
-0.014773770235478878,
-0.02565087005496025,
0.02541666105389595,
0.061649568378925323,
0.03946332633495331,
-0.0450998991727829,
0.020287128165364265,
-0.02912953309714794,
0.032355643808841705,
-0.008938971906900406,
-0.017509087920188904,
-0.011061346158385277,
0.0273333378136158,
-0.010733264498412609,
-0.03652634471654892,
-0.00910588912665844,
0.02541162818670273,
0.020140057429671288,
0.06318476051092148,
-0.018148835748434067,
0.0673198252916336,
0.03756052255630493,
0.02960868366062641,
0.05599402263760567,
0.05663158372044563,
-0.01886601932346821,
0.01707708090543747,
-0.04550519213080406,
-0.07091223448514938,
0.030078193172812462,
-0.004944689571857452,
0.02512425370514393,
0.010578950867056847,
0.019572483375668526,
-0.03311901167035103,
-0.04741291329264641,
-0.07294488698244095,
0.007513411343097687,
0.06135271117091179,
-0.01750762015581131,
0.008660375140607357,
-0.04246955364942551,
0.005234263371676207,
0.008373999036848545,
0.07143748551607132,
-0.036349788308143616,
0.023589501157402992,
-0.016885848715901375,
0.0013980033108964562,
-0.014755024574697018,
-0.000006740285698469961,
-0.03165655955672264,
0.0020747878588736057,
-0.0876401886343956,
0.0237739235162735,
0.015101750381290913,
0.06733167916536331,
0.0007007949752733111,
0.007870007306337357,
-0.0649661049246788,
0.051276590675115585,
-0.02663891389966011,
0.02047046832740307,
0.008825702592730522,
0.0443837009370327,
-0.07676640897989273,
0.018699564039707184,
-0.03551517799496651,
0.030512014403939247,
0.024128716439008713,
-0.01175632793456316,
-0.04639410600066185,
0.03211645036935806,
0.05950543284416199,
-0.07785024493932724,
0.010000862181186676,
-0.03496790677309036,
-0.015682628378272057,
-0.05983615294098854,
-0.006352508440613747,
0.028873885050415993,
0.008469980210065842,
0.04161263629794121,
-0.022795038297772408,
0.041639890521764755,
-0.07134539633989334,
0.026728911325335503,
-0.0009494445403106511,
-0.032577186822891235,
0.0055628675036132336,
-0.008321004919707775,
0.030764978379011154,
-0.08455594629049301,
0.09182799607515335,
0.006222081370651722,
0.0035908431746065617,
0.007885589264333248,
0.0025269584730267525,
0.043227341026067734,
0.020067617297172546,
-0.030728386715054512,
0.02167186513543129,
0.012082420289516449,
-0.05670151114463806,
0.01412324607372284,
-0.10561496019363403,
-0.006579384207725525,
-0.031110098585486412,
0.07189717143774033,
-0.02009488455951214,
-0.09170947968959808,
0.05836180970072746,
0.036396436393260956,
-0.013453169725835323,
0.00932235550135374,
-0.003954628948122263,
-0.2985004186630249,
0.0054111173376441,
-0.011702272109687328,
-0.015098853036761284,
0.031324565410614014,
0.01596781238913536,
-0.05277262255549431,
0.01241607591509819,
0.0394255630671978,
-0.005810505710542202,
0.08005542308092117,
0.10328630357980728,
-0.030037278309464455,
-0.03892545402050018,
-0.0016873673303052783,
-0.008741894736886024,
0.007419276516884565,
-0.0009811718482524157,
-0.00018887528858613223,
0.03973975032567978,
0.07412257790565491,
-0.05853196978569031,
0.030978552997112274,
0.012981711886823177,
0.011711657978594303,
-0.00832723081111908,
0.057569846510887146,
0.010010236874222755,
0.06342289596796036,
-0.042679741978645325,
0.027860786765813828,
0.014235490001738071,
-0.02887231670320034,
-0.12842780351638794,
-0.0173159372061491,
-0.005851965397596359,
-0.008161786012351513,
-0.05444391071796417,
-0.015162511728703976,
0.01397300697863102,
-0.03345726057887077,
-0.016758251935243607,
-0.0035845472011715174,
-0.03965817019343376,
-0.01471160538494587,
0.00047703253221698105,
-0.012151209637522697,
0.07413400709629059,
0.03157418593764305,
0.018945561721920967,
-0.000501550268381834,
0.007045268546789885,
0.04325887933373451,
0.02136067859828472,
-0.011828451417386532,
0.03816228359937668,
-0.03603080287575722,
0.02530357986688614,
-0.06699962168931961,
0.023029319941997528,
0.012101078405976295,
0.006594282574951649,
-0.022903073579072952,
0.028461070731282234,
-0.0343005508184433,
-0.042268652468919754,
-0.07805629074573517,
-0.024652091786265373,
0.05658535286784172,
0.017963914200663567,
0.012966807000339031,
0.07568623870611191,
-0.045112498104572296,
0.02366635762155056,
0.019252359867095947,
0.026134077459573746,
-0.01784629561007023,
0.013765424489974976,
-0.08636400103569031,
-0.011549209244549274,
-0.02967657521367073,
-0.04194188117980957,
0.07240603864192963,
-0.08645451068878174,
0.02454313263297081,
0.05837653949856758,
-0.03572831675410271,
-0.02068697288632393,
0.042544007301330566,
0.011657314375042915,
0.009523780085146427,
-0.03228268772363663,
-0.052000854164361954,
-0.03160756453871727,
0.018542198464274406,
0.00024383074196521193,
-0.28278785943984985,
0.014161396771669388,
0.017529530450701714,
0.04819270595908165,
-0.048178769648075104,
0.05110359191894531,
0.05930504575371742,
-0.041173726320266724,
0.0451384037733078,
0.08779019117355347,
0.029598647728562355,
-0.011039545759558678,
0.06646157801151276,
0.03240812197327614,
-0.0042836107313632965,
0.03029874712228775,
0.06135844066739082,
-0.005412580911070108,
0.016022944822907448,
0.04833824187517166,
-0.03312233090400696,
-0.08286940306425095,
0.15203264355659485,
0.044255226850509644,
0.0027321074157953262,
0.0929589495062828,
-0.033444587141275406,
0.03589963540434837,
-0.05616198107600212,
-0.004571845754981041,
-0.023395130410790443,
0.00042810061131604016,
0.06810620427131653,
-0.011802826076745987,
-0.003167083254083991,
-0.0030684738885611296,
-0.02906685136258602,
0.05331582576036453,
0.0039119962602853775,
0.03818719834089279,
-0.007531750947237015,
0.013394702225923538,
-0.0976758822798729,
-0.08401820063591003,
0.1001812070608139,
-0.05968550965189934,
-0.02343224361538887,
-0.08279271423816681,
-0.02681383676826954,
-0.033738017082214355,
-0.0781320258975029,
-0.07039929181337357,
0.019134987145662308,
-0.00583257619291544,
0.013952708803117275,
0.009319962002336979,
-0.028493154793977737,
-0.03314709663391113,
0.032480113208293915,
0.028304917737841606,
-0.014886674471199512,
-0.012948560528457165,
-0.02711465023458004,
0.09610103070735931,
0.00556724751368165
] |
PMID:19642
|
Pathogenesis of vascular injury in rejecting rat renal allografts.
|
Unmodified rejection of rat renal allografts was characterized by the early onset and rapid progression of endothelial damage in venules and capillaries which culminated in ischemic cortical necrosis. This pattern of endothelial injury correlated with lymphocyte accumulation in vascular lumens and could not be duplicated by renal perfusion with alloantibodies or prevented by C'3 depletion. In contrast, endothelial integrity and normal graft function were maintained over study intervals extending to 200 days when Brown Norway (BN) rat kidneys were transplanted into Lewis (Le) rat kidney recipients subjected to neonatal thymectomy or lymph drainage. Vascular lesions occurred when syngeneic thoracic duct lymphocytes were transfused into these recipients, but irreversible endothelial injury could be prevented by simultaneous injections of immune plasma. These findings indicate that the destruction of donor endothelium is mediated by thymus-dependent immune mechanisms which can be altered by thoracic duct drainage to promote indefinite survival of renal allografts across major histocompatibility loci.
|
Pathogenesis of vascular injury in rejecting rat renal allografts. Unmodified rejection of rat renal allografts was characterized by the early onset and rapid progression of endothelial damage in venules and capillaries which culminated in ischemic cortical necrosis. This pattern of endothelial injury correlated with lymphocyte accumulation in vascular lumens and could not be duplicated by renal perfusion with alloantibodies or prevented by C'3 depletion. In contrast, endothelial integrity and normal graft function were maintained over study intervals extending to 200 days when Brown Norway (BN) rat kidneys were transplanted into Lewis (Le) rat kidney recipients subjected to neonatal thymectomy or lymph drainage. Vascular lesions occurred when syngeneic thoracic duct lymphocytes were transfused into these recipients, but irreversible endothelial injury could be prevented by simultaneous injections of immune plasma. These findings indicate that the destruction of donor endothelium is mediated by thymus-dependent immune mechanisms which can be altered by thoracic duct drainage to promote indefinite survival of renal allografts across major histocompatibility loci.
|
[
-0.03281615674495697,
-0.015528484247624874,
-0.02897782437503338,
0.016853392124176025,
-0.03971969336271286,
-0.018618633970618248,
0.11440582573413849,
0.06599676609039307,
-0.05979522317647934,
0.022057218477129936,
-0.0046961684711277485,
-0.04452694579958916,
0.019199591130018234,
-0.03082318790256977,
-0.04698610305786133,
0.028510989621281624,
-0.0012698277132585645,
0.04527005925774574,
-0.11614171415567398,
-0.035897329449653625,
-0.050425924360752106,
-0.041820209473371506,
0.03210897371172905,
-0.004637592472136021,
0.01826617866754532,
0.007197915110737085,
0.06483165174722672,
0.0008497961680404842,
-0.01107994094491005,
-0.17134062945842743,
-0.039311155676841736,
-0.03112255223095417,
-0.0967092216014862,
-0.020672256126999855,
0.018489345908164978,
0.0036603310145437717,
-0.004442669916898012,
0.02841099351644516,
0.021365541964769363,
0.0448097288608551,
0.03772295266389847,
0.04860303923487663,
0.03355547785758972,
0.050158243626356125,
0.059985723346471786,
0.009852148592472076,
0.014334535226225853,
-0.02587423287332058,
0.0554506778717041,
0.002432842506095767,
0.014925428666174412,
-0.026852073147892952,
0.05134405195713043,
0.07066453993320465,
-0.012649932876229286,
-0.017100190743803978,
0.014601441100239754,
0.02328522689640522,
0.06207151338458061,
0.043323833495378494,
0.0350702665746212,
0.01717262901365757,
-0.11819718033075333,
0.12150181084871292,
0.028138911351561546,
0.005869150161743164,
0.003438009414821863,
-0.00371550559066236,
0.038012195378541946,
0.02180599980056286,
-0.023532673716545105,
0.010849958285689354,
0.030388254672288895,
0.0025101960636675358,
0.033633653074502945,
0.013882335275411606,
0.002818221691995859,
-0.01782071217894554,
0.04513342306017876,
0.08502162247896194,
0.046296048909425735,
0.04495666176080704,
-0.020388564094901085,
-0.01572434790432453,
-0.05906990170478821,
-0.03248244896531105,
0.01471997331827879,
-0.08113563805818558,
-0.049042634665966034,
-0.012667478062212467,
-0.01943369396030903,
-0.01773504912853241,
-0.008562946692109108,
0.007716524414718151,
-0.04425625503063202,
0.01872021146118641,
0.02641178108751774,
-0.09964054822921753,
-0.003685638075694442,
0.3833255171775818,
-0.024187397211790085,
0.0040947371162474155,
-0.06576520949602127,
0.01901894621551037,
0.03533817082643509,
0.009163732640445232,
-0.02648530900478363,
-0.031530141830444336,
-0.08298318833112717,
0.07066789269447327,
0.034368496388196945,
0.006525109987705946,
0.02213403768837452,
0.01802600547671318,
-0.003996420651674271,
-0.02559802308678627,
0.008755899034440517,
0.021463628858327866,
-0.012290028855204582,
0.0837416723370552,
0.020931921899318695,
-0.021195879206061363,
-0.033807605504989624,
-0.08061008900403976,
0.006992874201387167,
0.013497131876647472,
0.03729496896266937,
0.09673148393630981,
0.08250502496957779,
-0.00709073431789875,
0.10770504176616669,
0.05207235366106033,
-0.06250187754631042,
-0.0413774698972702,
0.03261438384652138,
0.010462803766131401,
-0.031607940793037415,
-0.06105228140950203,
-0.015824047848582268,
0.00489526242017746,
0.0064661395736038685,
-0.028673270717263222,
-0.0439019650220871,
-0.05727723240852356,
-0.025217393413186073,
0.0824727714061737,
0.03485097363591194,
-0.0049294354394078255,
-0.02599254436790943,
-0.030596569180488586,
-0.03519470617175102,
0.01690112054347992,
-0.01329599879682064,
0.010752368718385696,
-0.05645833909511566,
0.07804445922374725,
-0.07957644760608673,
0.046044059097766876,
0.0371641106903553,
0.010332437232136726,
-0.01100069284439087,
-0.09779027849435806,
-0.04243949428200722,
0.030917618423700333,
-0.007762761786580086,
0.029576990753412247,
0.03227407485246658,
-0.01086582150310278,
0.06649202853441238,
0.060562293976545334,
-0.045461852103471756,
0.001403015456162393,
-0.027156636118888855,
-0.10051140189170837,
-0.06367727369070053,
0.03983714058995247,
-0.055713266134262085,
-0.04391639679670334,
-0.0067750560119748116,
-0.005290498025715351,
0.012308089062571526,
-0.014549925923347473,
-0.0137947928160429,
0.027423270046710968,
0.019878655672073364,
0.002470943843945861,
-0.07107024639844894,
-0.011771204881370068,
0.024499261751770973,
0.051522403955459595,
-0.03070441447198391,
0.01603720523416996,
-0.06865520030260086,
-0.044945042580366135,
-0.01380672212690115,
0.027894478291273117,
-0.02302136830985546,
-0.008340880274772644,
0.01058749295771122,
0.033327098935842514,
0.05586223304271698,
-0.07717180252075195,
-0.00752021512016654,
0.009578198194503784,
0.006411850452423096,
0.046877648681402206,
0.018821651116013527,
-0.015630969777703285,
0.030534666031599045,
0.016447607427835464,
-0.10142243653535843,
0.01789233461022377,
-0.020638499408960342,
0.008840221911668777,
0.021101051941514015,
0.007109299302101135,
0.004070136230438948,
-0.008764167316257954,
0.06535466760396957,
0.04141426086425781,
0.0369865819811821,
-0.03926490992307663,
0.007033925503492355,
-0.2932227849960327,
-0.07233797758817673,
-0.007127599790692329,
-0.017635049298405647,
0.028790757060050964,
-0.022562667727470398,
0.016487879678606987,
-0.031061189249157906,
-0.022001877427101135,
0.02064165286719799,
0.07498104125261307,
0.07837121188640594,
-0.009856690652668476,
-0.06011578440666199,
0.004867005627602339,
0.027900248765945435,
0.0076487623155117035,
-0.017395539209246635,
-0.00011017724318662658,
0.024252992123365402,
0.02584015019237995,
0.01859454996883869,
0.010426448658108711,
0.005164823029190302,
0.0209512859582901,
0.026205861940979958,
0.11378061026334763,
0.009865162894129753,
-0.036373212933540344,
-0.06436550617218018,
0.053932078182697296,
0.03423461690545082,
-0.01971735805273056,
-0.041607584804296494,
0.0035154239740222692,
0.02261754497885704,
-0.06291039288043976,
0.01789563149213791,
0.02076355554163456,
0.04478278011083603,
-0.059547893702983856,
-0.029643237590789795,
-0.005205939058214426,
-0.04067843407392502,
-0.0009588254615664482,
0.057616930454969406,
-0.04319218546152115,
0.08781224489212036,
-0.0038429780397564173,
0.02394862286746502,
0.024389950558543205,
-0.01857447251677513,
-0.013504781760275364,
0.009372612461447716,
0.0913633406162262,
0.030072974041104317,
-0.05933705344796181,
-0.005471797194331884,
-0.06427518278360367,
-0.031382013112306595,
0.01920722797513008,
0.04540064185857773,
0.06062295287847519,
-0.058983929455280304,
-0.05230218172073364,
0.018194086849689484,
0.051988307386636734,
0.028166089206933975,
0.019382931292057037,
-0.01722547598183155,
0.0031437512952834368,
0.1043931245803833,
0.003495741868391633,
0.010277519933879375,
-0.01239602267742157,
0.013263575732707977,
-0.03535947576165199,
0.012456321157515049,
-0.05100744590163231,
0.03352487459778786,
0.0852729082107544,
-0.1213160902261734,
0.033129047602415085,
0.004835641477257013,
0.023006394505500793,
0.08774030208587646,
-0.03006516769528389,
0.028936658054590225,
0.014926090836524963,
0.01572025567293167,
-0.010071654804050922,
-0.047176674008369446,
-0.05588134750723839,
-0.010017785243690014,
0.008333394303917885,
-0.0067070247605443,
-0.24276016652584076,
-0.004121512174606323,
0.056020502001047134,
-0.024699164554476738,
-0.035769738256931305,
-0.048588067293167114,
-0.03651660308241844,
-0.04734701290726662,
-0.0010533250169828534,
0.03616030141711235,
0.028225703164935112,
0.030157670378684998,
0.026799369603395462,
0.019613103941082954,
-0.03985430672764778,
0.0038879106286913157,
0.06081070005893707,
-0.010014516301453114,
-0.053472358733415604,
-0.030871229246258736,
0.024549975991249084,
-0.03129423409700394,
0.12974941730499268,
-0.009055727161467075,
-0.06043420359492302,
-0.0019256870727986097,
-0.013530894182622433,
-0.002742484910413623,
-0.08884011209011078,
-0.010858251713216305,
0.010324880480766296,
-0.0037086177617311478,
0.013276554644107819,
-0.009380243718624115,
-0.002160439034923911,
0.022491397336125374,
0.006903312634676695,
0.05956186726689339,
-0.035054296255111694,
-0.026786552742123604,
-0.02948947809636593,
0.04822259023785591,
0.0000648170243948698,
-0.01262680720537901,
0.028277691453695297,
-0.0024918492417782545,
-0.03250616416335106,
-0.02812771685421467,
-0.013610390946269035,
0.026988601312041283,
-0.0422188974916935,
-0.021569833159446716,
0.03162960335612297,
-0.00032456335611641407,
0.009184698574244976,
-0.04166281223297119,
0.015618567354977131,
-0.09680957347154617,
0.04684289172291756,
0.0353483147919178,
-0.02131590247154236,
0.043412093073129654,
-0.06706689298152924,
0.07827772200107574,
0.051713135093450546
] |
PMID:19645
|
[Hemodynamic changes after angiotensin II blockade by saralasin (author's transl)].
|
Saralasin, an angiotensin II inhibitor was infused in 10 hypertensive patients. A blood pressure reduction was achieved after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-system by salt depletion. Heart rate and cardiac output failed to compensate for reduction of blood pressure. Thus circulatory reflex-mechanisms are inhibited by saralasin. A direct influence on baroreceptor mechanism and/or catecholamines is probable. Failure of the hypotensive effect of saralasin in salt-depleted patients after administration of beta-blockers supports this hypothesis.
|
[Hemodynamic changes after angiotensin II blockade by saralasin (author's transl)]. Saralasin, an angiotensin II inhibitor was infused in 10 hypertensive patients. A blood pressure reduction was achieved after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-system by salt depletion. Heart rate and cardiac output failed to compensate for reduction of blood pressure. Thus circulatory reflex-mechanisms are inhibited by saralasin. A direct influence on baroreceptor mechanism and/or catecholamines is probable. Failure of the hypotensive effect of saralasin in salt-depleted patients after administration of beta-blockers supports this hypothesis.
|
[
-0.04776974394917488,
0.027745382860302925,
-0.02810746245086193,
0.018101505935192108,
-0.012956146150827408,
-0.014935124665498734,
0.024862006306648254,
0.020586758852005005,
0.013975942507386208,
-0.09870710968971252,
-0.023692626506090164,
-0.004949380178004503,
0.02212478034198284,
0.020468464121222496,
0.016570715233683586,
-0.01825758069753647,
0.048489343374967575,
0.03991410508751869,
-0.08949903398752213,
-0.03517161309719086,
-0.03592103347182274,
-0.015434018336236477,
0.08827105164527893,
0.001964061288163066,
0.03216329962015152,
0.030366413295269012,
-0.004941096995025873,
-0.029812809079885483,
-0.019139014184474945,
-0.1721329391002655,
-0.010471022687852383,
-0.01090755220502615,
-0.02908966690301895,
0.01711447350680828,
-0.07420574128627777,
-0.0216141939163208,
-0.07183841615915298,
0.03499472513794899,
-0.045152876526117325,
0.06163302809000015,
0.05132695659995079,
0.024980681017041206,
0.0045982180163264275,
0.03899788483977318,
-0.0008010544697754085,
0.004326803609728813,
-0.00999769289046526,
0.00644512427970767,
0.14200223982334137,
0.013961724005639553,
0.011759939603507519,
-0.006402389146387577,
0.017963910475373268,
0.06580185890197754,
0.020853376016020775,
-0.014932557940483093,
-0.016752470284700394,
0.029152996838092804,
-0.01944916322827339,
0.038519494235515594,
0.08010537922382355,
0.035926446318626404,
-0.16714707016944885,
0.03850996866822243,
0.010670864954590797,
0.0073890178464353085,
-0.028650334104895592,
-0.017084510996937752,
0.04885133355855942,
0.0855671688914299,
0.013990123756229877,
0.0077338325791060925,
-0.08866876363754272,
-0.030309343710541725,
0.0020162088330835104,
-0.024713953956961632,
-0.032058071345090866,
0.024066245183348656,
0.019306272268295288,
0.021501049399375916,
0.028216199949383736,
-0.030630027875304222,
-0.002254314487800002,
-0.013171156868338585,
0.06599416583776474,
-0.02319745346903801,
0.038452040404081345,
-0.06473834067583084,
-0.03967403620481491,
0.005059043876826763,
-0.05055685341358185,
-0.020735321566462517,
0.01656637154519558,
-0.02937939576804638,
-0.024399222806096077,
0.015510976314544678,
-0.06289419531822205,
0.017904140055179596,
-0.05128064751625061,
0.3755575120449066,
-0.023629525676369667,
0.025886036455631256,
-0.04497351497411728,
-0.003160870634019375,
0.03224767744541168,
-0.0385408028960228,
-0.022058973088860512,
-0.025065483525395393,
0.01867571659386158,
0.01608376018702984,
0.028338735923171043,
-0.01929696835577488,
0.06604274362325668,
-0.02557097189128399,
0.012103231623768806,
-0.00839343573898077,
-0.009831556119024754,
0.00890722218900919,
0.0057787224650382996,
0.048636388033628464,
-0.06504213809967041,
0.0145293353125453,
0.053739141672849655,
0.01766655407845974,
0.044967930763959885,
-0.005340653471648693,
0.01161220669746399,
0.047156330198049545,
0.04812872037291527,
-0.010395396500825882,
0.084011010825634,
0.016711734235286713,
-0.07091344147920609,
-0.00973603781312704,
0.04218330606818199,
0.017393816262483597,
0.07772444188594818,
-0.06489590555429459,
-0.0013466590316966176,
0.030945315957069397,
-0.01043238677084446,
-0.030051536858081818,
0.0026138979010283947,
-0.06936527043581009,
-0.027254942804574966,
0.1111522763967514,
0.05227527394890785,
0.00974090676754713,
-0.04687221720814705,
0.023688964545726776,
-0.026384729892015457,
-0.01958962343633175,
-0.03276040032505989,
0.013349683955311775,
-0.0018730789888650179,
0.05110529810190201,
-0.0259527787566185,
0.0610864982008934,
-0.011040537618100643,
-0.025088869035243988,
-0.015136346220970154,
-0.029533838853240013,
-0.0644104853272438,
0.014074567705392838,
0.020836694166064262,
0.031097136437892914,
-0.04267022758722305,
0.03794108331203461,
0.0525616817176342,
0.05840577930212021,
-0.041494838893413544,
-0.01690690964460373,
-0.027320655062794685,
-0.03868371248245239,
0.011289204470813274,
0.0018012599321082234,
0.01416604220867157,
-0.057196713984012604,
-0.03010176308453083,
-0.03834683820605278,
0.026661628857254982,
0.04060634225606918,
0.0026183980517089367,
-0.010682877153158188,
-0.017375098541378975,
-0.0134343346580863,
-0.0037359062116593122,
0.046489596366882324,
-0.029872510582208633,
0.048792172223329544,
-0.035694561898708344,
0.01464114524424076,
-0.06784828007221222,
0.05663866922259331,
-0.05935323238372803,
-0.05615272372961044,
-0.018311193212866783,
-0.00108038738835603,
-0.05633729323744774,
0.020692553371191025,
0.04639821872115135,
0.027353158220648766,
-0.009781565517187119,
0.06861814111471176,
0.025242425501346588,
0.0770270973443985,
-0.020916685461997986,
0.038190845400094986,
0.012721625156700611,
0.014922458678483963,
0.0161441583186388,
0.09149368107318878,
0.038923926651477814,
-0.017896730452775955,
-0.011919592507183552,
-0.017340928316116333,
-0.016882793977856636,
0.040068209171295166,
-0.031979430466890335,
-0.02496722899377346,
0.09019181877374649,
-0.02424187771975994,
0.026196714490652084,
-0.28814610838890076,
-0.017103072255849838,
-0.0025960884522646666,
-0.03826449438929558,
0.03736362233757973,
-0.009657228365540504,
-0.0018111603567376733,
-0.05282234400510788,
0.011242863722145557,
-0.02835012413561344,
0.024684211239218712,
0.06544536352157593,
-0.0002648453810252249,
0.03877737745642662,
0.060597013682127,
0.03791692107915878,
0.05285576358437538,
-0.08361897617578506,
-0.017571866512298584,
-0.020531274378299713,
-0.01036753784865141,
0.047544702887535095,
0.034054070711135864,
0.035134751349687576,
0.009322850033640862,
-0.03201425448060036,
0.0833299458026886,
0.011481075547635555,
0.019797811284661293,
0.011894337832927704,
-0.029820792376995087,
0.0673542469739914,
-0.0605950653553009,
-0.12909846007823944,
-0.005186372436583042,
-0.007318096235394478,
0.025348180904984474,
0.026439733803272247,
0.034190915524959564,
-0.015226269140839577,
-0.039143744856119156,
0.03996963053941727,
-0.0006190542480908334,
0.06000213697552681,
-0.08001359552145004,
0.018995210528373718,
0.03241231292486191,
0.05995379760861397,
-0.052767928689718246,
-0.019168956205248833,
0.05397672578692436,
0.003287588246166706,
0.007877706550061703,
0.012876017019152641,
0.07269708812236786,
-0.008749966509640217,
-0.1031758189201355,
0.014110790565609932,
-0.024254530668258667,
-0.047132790088653564,
-0.008014558814466,
-0.008370142430067062,
0.03415168076753616,
0.0017134681111201644,
-0.05746731534600258,
0.052817124873399734,
-0.030293885618448257,
0.010132350027561188,
0.03194715827703476,
0.04878281429409981,
-0.04285760968923569,
0.07906869053840637,
-0.02709204889833927,
0.0494794137775898,
0.02252109907567501,
0.058749206364154816,
-0.05316082388162613,
-0.04767332598567009,
-0.051755934953689575,
0.015327229164540768,
-0.04551972076296806,
-0.0344596765935421,
0.015164356678724289,
0.010707630775868893,
-0.031086992472410202,
-0.028943181037902832,
0.000047230019845301285,
-0.02597549557685852,
0.04102648049592972,
-0.02109806425869465,
-0.03841638192534447,
0.017035281285643578,
-0.02321266196668148,
-0.025722287595272064,
0.040888603776693344,
0.0023633730597794056,
-0.23470348119735718,
0.042306289076805115,
0.0856451690196991,
-0.06033388525247574,
0.014662363566458225,
0.056024398654699326,
0.02785640023648739,
-0.04922274127602577,
-0.04333013668656349,
-0.00023056170903146267,
0.02708803117275238,
0.07069572061300278,
0.10017688572406769,
0.04681903123855591,
-0.014293937012553215,
-0.009978112764656544,
0.058013834059238434,
-0.04636932909488678,
0.019160734489560127,
-0.02363792434334755,
-0.006540259346365929,
0.016388630494475365,
0.11206620186567307,
0.011703605763614178,
-0.05910814180970192,
0.02765611745417118,
0.002922079525887966,
0.017345689237117767,
-0.10106143355369568,
0.013751227408647537,
-0.03213975206017494,
-0.0041418857872486115,
0.04608526453375816,
-0.029864849522709846,
0.007486621383577585,
0.05569974333047867,
-0.07763461768627167,
-0.007239121478050947,
0.015521897003054619,
-0.02567523531615734,
0.00039062692667357624,
-0.04574039205908775,
-0.04711299389600754,
-0.06446933001279831,
0.09376099705696106,
-0.08583089709281921,
-0.07743377238512039,
-0.023070307448506355,
0.036362700164318085,
-0.012031976133584976,
-0.06616470217704773,
-0.046504538506269455,
0.10626702755689621,
0.0036271295975893736,
0.004057538229972124,
-0.06764610856771469,
-0.0689411386847496,
-0.04764662683010101,
0.006567956414073706,
-0.006799012888222933,
0.013970812782645226,
-0.011329643428325653,
-0.02636965550482273,
0.0003894941764883697,
0.08942586928606033
] |
PMID:19649
|
Fine structural changes in dog myocardium exposed to lowered pH in vivo.
|
A surgical preparation that allows chemical alteration of the blood supplied to specific area of the intact heart was used to investigate the effects of lowered tissue pH on the fine structure of myocardial cells. Controlled infusion of isotonic saline acidified with HCl to a pH value between 1.0 and 2.0 produced a lowering of blood pH to values of less than 7.0. This drop in the pH of the perfusing blood resulted in a corresponding decrease in pH of the relevant area of myocardium. When this decrease occurred without a concomitant increase in tissue lactate level, the myocardial cells of the acid-perfused area showed focal glycogen depletion, moderate relaxation of myofibrils and clumping of nuclear chromatin, and mild mitochondrial change, which did not include marked swelling although intramitochondrial electron-dense inclusions were often detectable. When the fall in pH was accompanied by a large increase in lactate concentration, however, the cells showed more severe glycogen depletion and clumping of nuclear chromatin, and mitochondrial change, which did include marked swelling, together with the presence of well developed inclusions.
|
Fine structural changes in dog myocardium exposed to lowered pH in vivo. A surgical preparation that allows chemical alteration of the blood supplied to specific area of the intact heart was used to investigate the effects of lowered tissue pH on the fine structure of myocardial cells. Controlled infusion of isotonic saline acidified with HCl to a pH value between 1.0 and 2.0 produced a lowering of blood pH to values of less than 7.0. This drop in the pH of the perfusing blood resulted in a corresponding decrease in pH of the relevant area of myocardium. When this decrease occurred without a concomitant increase in tissue lactate level, the myocardial cells of the acid-perfused area showed focal glycogen depletion, moderate relaxation of myofibrils and clumping of nuclear chromatin, and mild mitochondrial change, which did not include marked swelling although intramitochondrial electron-dense inclusions were often detectable. When the fall in pH was accompanied by a large increase in lactate concentration, however, the cells showed more severe glycogen depletion and clumping of nuclear chromatin, and mitochondrial change, which did include marked swelling, together with the presence of well developed inclusions.
|
[
-0.03119174763560295,
-0.015123886987566948,
0.013622849248349667,
0.06375002861022949,
0.022728625684976578,
-0.02555297501385212,
0.04481241852045059,
0.022756757214665413,
0.01750103197991848,
-0.010189827531576157,
0.03820376098155975,
-0.08330359309911728,
0.024881232529878616,
0.037237249314785004,
-0.02399955503642559,
-0.05463305860757828,
-0.001669138902798295,
0.005833514966070652,
-0.11201942712068558,
-0.03410378098487854,
-0.039911821484565735,
0.02490837313234806,
0.004844423849135637,
-0.013183473609387875,
0.05975620076060295,
-0.02512916550040245,
-0.012138367630541325,
-0.006174520589411259,
-0.06399580836296082,
-0.1824612319469452,
0.021243270486593246,
0.012987051159143448,
0.019444558769464493,
0.005121422931551933,
-0.03278518095612526,
0.025896675884723663,
-0.03482130542397499,
-0.015056601725518703,
-0.016352659091353416,
0.05951616168022156,
0.06378877907991409,
-0.008620783686637878,
-0.027663853019475937,
0.04019423574209213,
0.027087263762950897,
0.03342926874756813,
-0.0038054226897656918,
-0.02318423241376877,
0.11463673412799835,
0.04165298491716385,
-0.04341501370072365,
0.00413269130513072,
0.01857910491526127,
0.044351596385240555,
-0.013875715434551239,
-0.04254150390625,
0.039066970348358154,
0.07488541305065155,
0.03251362964510918,
-0.005064400378614664,
0.04368561878800392,
0.029064221307635307,
-0.14317670464515686,
0.05491458997130394,
0.07189462333917618,
0.013936582952737808,
-0.0826491117477417,
0.004905954003334045,
0.07432704418897629,
0.07140617072582245,
-0.09960395842790604,
0.04058239609003067,
0.04890349879860878,
0.008067259564995766,
0.06770804524421692,
-0.08355922251939774,
-0.021447280421853065,
0.028119945898652077,
-0.016680989414453506,
-0.0023714888375252485,
-0.02720003016293049,
-0.056876614689826965,
-0.03044600412249565,
-0.027546007186174393,
-0.030272554606199265,
-0.025980401784181595,
0.039777543395757675,
-0.05437465384602547,
-0.0593925416469574,
-0.01733006164431572,
-0.0138423852622509,
-0.09784159809350967,
-0.04667941853404045,
0.06858012080192566,
-0.045048605650663376,
0.02776806615293026,
0.04547053202986717,
-0.04127741977572441,
-0.008460277691483498,
0.38342592120170593,
-0.007144674193114042,
0.06037047132849693,
-0.04268331825733185,
-0.023719172924757004,
0.023151706904172897,
-0.015189583413302898,
-0.004912485368549824,
0.03735062852501869,
-0.01673358492553234,
0.03029969148337841,
0.06469056010246277,
0.026395857334136963,
-0.00583901721984148,
-0.029489237815141678,
-0.012390532530844212,
0.010442687198519707,
0.009983683004975319,
0.041306737810373306,
0.006075842771679163,
0.04156375303864479,
-0.04914385825395584,
0.015282678417861462,
0.006032654549926519,
-0.03924468904733658,
0.08759546279907227,
0.012345260009169579,
-0.03053058683872223,
0.0699068233370781,
0.08127449452877045,
-0.0010921773500740528,
0.019546648487448692,
0.039027538150548935,
-0.0021859656553715467,
-0.007425105199217796,
0.008246190845966339,
-0.02062581107020378,
-0.013024646788835526,
-0.0011713176500052214,
0.06613652408123016,
0.0689239427447319,
-0.050184838473796844,
-0.04923679679632187,
-0.06937666982412338,
-0.070640929043293,
-0.05769907310605049,
0.07868985086679459,
-0.009072581306099892,
0.05248304829001427,
-0.05971439182758331,
-0.021446818485856056,
0.0025175989139825106,
0.01687852293252945,
-0.0091631468385458,
0.07378099113702774,
-0.018746506422758102,
-0.02649150788784027,
-0.0177204217761755,
0.008316674269735813,
0.010217316448688507,
-0.05720411241054535,
-0.029039165005087852,
-0.056372396647930145,
-0.0030135316774249077,
0.06741663813591003,
0.015113785862922668,
0.05458987131714821,
-0.047888219356536865,
-0.022266127169132233,
0.0501595064997673,
0.0047054169699549675,
0.0017852868186309934,
0.01168457604944706,
0.05044642835855484,
-0.020106729120016098,
0.019831039011478424,
0.005933517590165138,
0.007101821713149548,
0.035623691976070404,
0.004716772120445967,
-0.04493951424956322,
0.08411736786365509,
0.026712335646152496,
-0.013611878268420696,
0.017796263098716736,
0.0326547771692276,
-0.053791534155607224,
-0.07908578962087631,
0.05607175827026367,
0.04626740515232086,
0.05710718408226967,
-0.042277704924345016,
-0.0012006070464849472,
-0.046583376824855804,
-0.0009892379166558385,
-0.054801732301712036,
-0.044770535081624985,
-0.024181580170989037,
0.006189857143908739,
-0.044538598507642746,
0.046856459230184555,
0.07496325671672821,
-0.02797713316977024,
-0.01567463018000126,
0.04295241832733154,
0.019403334707021713,
0.03623848780989647,
0.019527534022927284,
-0.0018598150927573442,
0.010276403278112411,
0.007177378982305527,
-0.02056412398815155,
0.004628075286746025,
-0.05056578293442726,
0.016277464106678963,
-0.0074956417083740234,
0.008853762410581112,
0.015426624566316605,
-0.030448248609900475,
0.0005189122748561203,
-0.03972794860601425,
0.09897585213184357,
-0.10136730968952179,
-0.04267018660902977,
-0.29339098930358887,
-0.0197320394217968,
-0.0013717152178287506,
-0.010545234195888042,
0.015810102224349976,
-0.04092781990766525,
-0.0196435134857893,
-0.05158093944191933,
0.03092235140502453,
-0.06533016264438629,
-0.021300552412867546,
0.02454499900341034,
-0.072628915309906,
-0.024386445060372353,
0.035429444164037704,
0.003779020393267274,
0.021244565024971962,
-0.0292477086186409,
0.03139438107609749,
0.01240501832216978,
0.03363692760467529,
0.024396883323788643,
0.000749958329834044,
0.02352207526564598,
0.10177251696586609,
0.031177403405308723,
0.13183729350566864,
-0.04999103769659996,
-0.010063288733363152,
-0.025803299620747566,
-0.01120692491531372,
0.014169177040457726,
-0.0537274032831192,
-0.0677732452750206,
0.00022506607638206333,
0.0014340013731271029,
-0.033826906234025955,
0.0038614508230239153,
-0.023762015625834465,
-0.017405718564987183,
-0.08534517884254456,
-0.01139130163937807,
-0.036323126405477524,
-0.03778538852930069,
-0.02849937416613102,
-0.009299661964178085,
0.02455161139369011,
0.05162562429904938,
-0.013308785855770111,
-0.001313668442890048,
0.0627250075340271,
-0.03522355854511261,
-0.05137677863240242,
0.006074197124689817,
0.08020950853824615,
0.002212398685514927,
-0.023898538202047348,
0.03504060208797455,
-0.07095566391944885,
-0.034895189106464386,
-0.005083292257040739,
-0.036411039531230927,
0.03136896714568138,
-0.02043844573199749,
-0.010527418926358223,
-0.008733515627682209,
0.02147568203508854,
0.024335332214832306,
0.017565568909049034,
-0.021311964839696884,
0.015374980866909027,
0.10819623619318008,
0.0425955168902874,
-0.004942837171256542,
0.06760670244693756,
0.051406439393758774,
-0.09292545914649963,
-0.011006894521415234,
-0.04429977387189865,
-0.02646433562040329,
0.0300038643181324,
-0.04616227000951767,
0.06138643994927406,
0.010469861328601837,
0.010349413380026817,
0.06266268342733383,
0.0021376353688538074,
-0.014874228276312351,
-0.00912067387253046,
-0.013839992694556713,
-0.01146230660378933,
-0.007346305530518293,
-0.010389666073024273,
-0.04891974478960037,
0.02320878952741623,
-0.04117418825626373,
-0.2578886151313782,
0.005116921849548817,
0.06848657131195068,
-0.052233804017305374,
0.0259550828486681,
0.058855000883340836,
0.01040622778236866,
0.015183651819825172,
-0.043690480291843414,
0.058008626103401184,
-0.019422974437475204,
-0.015310341492295265,
0.026215843856334686,
0.03923172876238823,
-0.03663111478090286,
0.03575818985700607,
0.01767745614051819,
-0.044362589716911316,
0.022378064692020416,
0.0015177505556493998,
0.009106180630624294,
-0.04419434815645218,
0.14517541229724884,
-0.014675049111247063,
-0.03382519260048866,
0.04393937811255455,
0.018351268023252487,
0.03455900773406029,
-0.022577211260795593,
0.03284027427434921,
0.009064963087439537,
0.03134115785360336,
0.018847208470106125,
-0.020903971046209335,
0.03906933590769768,
0.011580878868699074,
-0.03793919086456299,
0.026591040194034576,
-0.009048094972968102,
0.03280220180749893,
0.0229876060038805,
0.01365306694060564,
-0.07840750366449356,
-0.0692896619439125,
0.05219797417521477,
-0.019954826682806015,
-0.04135441780090332,
-0.023228276520967484,
0.037272777408361435,
-0.016035037115216255,
-0.01922602578997612,
-0.0278774406760931,
0.06823427975177765,
0.012806267477571964,
-0.02730538323521614,
-0.011825930327177048,
-0.01585049368441105,
-0.037994686514139175,
0.06506676971912384,
-0.027676884084939957,
0.048165179789066315,
-0.0015300883678719401,
-0.03606923669576645,
0.04842502623796463,
0.033229924738407135
] |
PMID:19653
|
Metal complexes of poly(alpha-amino acids). A potentiometric and circular dichroism investigation of Cu(II) complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid).
|
The conformational properties of cupric complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) have been investigated by potentiometric, visible and UV absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. The three polymers form two kinds of complexes stable at pH less than 8.5 (type I complexes) and at pH less than 8.5 (type II complexes). It has been found that in the low pH complexes of poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) at least one deprotonated amido nitrogen is coordinated to cupric ions. Type II complexes involve always amide nitrogens in the coordination sphere of Cu(II). Evidence is presented that the structure of such complexes is not compatible with the alpha-helical conformation of the peptide backbone.
|
Metal complexes of poly(alpha-amino acids). A potentiometric and circular dichroism investigation of Cu(II) complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid). The conformational properties of cupric complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) have been investigated by potentiometric, visible and UV absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. The three polymers form two kinds of complexes stable at pH less than 8.5 (type I complexes) and at pH less than 8.5 (type II complexes). It has been found that in the low pH complexes of poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) at least one deprotonated amido nitrogen is coordinated to cupric ions. Type II complexes involve always amide nitrogens in the coordination sphere of Cu(II). Evidence is presented that the structure of such complexes is not compatible with the alpha-helical conformation of the peptide backbone.
|
[
-0.05503085255622864,
-0.019818812608718872,
-0.05445782467722893,
0.027588093653321266,
0.02253737486898899,
-0.01429123803973198,
0.05037767440080643,
-0.008130158297717571,
-0.033096928149461746,
-0.02998542971909046,
0.030100248754024506,
-0.07683898508548737,
0.03387347608804703,
0.022546084597706795,
0.011818076483905315,
-0.02911525033414364,
-0.01538794580847025,
-0.025562429800629616,
-0.01574646681547165,
0.0022065239027142525,
-0.005257508717477322,
0.004820193629711866,
-0.02125980518758297,
0.0011200146982446313,
0.036374807357788086,
0.07242418080568314,
0.013086856342852116,
0.03664804995059967,
-0.07597704976797104,
-0.22136813402175903,
-0.0022188825532794,
0.04178306460380554,
0.026472855359315872,
-0.03453821316361427,
-0.043982405215501785,
0.0029562730342149734,
-0.029469652101397514,
-0.011285483837127686,
-0.060794051736593246,
-0.009981910698115826,
0.019473956897854805,
-0.03259562328457832,
0.05948876962065697,
-0.03301645815372467,
-0.004997229669243097,
-0.01086393091827631,
-0.037901781499385834,
0.04222354665398598,
0.04472026228904724,
0.013191204518079758,
0.029724016785621643,
0.010964513756334782,
0.005967297125607729,
0.009523306973278522,
-0.0008644087356515229,
0.06521739065647125,
0.031157206743955612,
0.04549498111009598,
0.04212082922458649,
0.011941542848944664,
0.05419500544667244,
-0.03178982064127922,
-0.10379961878061295,
0.06301410496234894,
0.06772276014089584,
0.045983150601387024,
-0.028920983895659447,
-0.043221596628427505,
0.02975848689675331,
0.01854606531560421,
0.033581264317035675,
0.041917748749256134,
-0.03715677186846733,
-0.026625966653227806,
0.028688693419098854,
-0.0371241569519043,
-0.009360420517623425,
-0.02317132242023945,
0.031368304044008255,
0.03477853536605835,
-0.01851644180715084,
0.023776862770318985,
-0.028377091512084007,
-0.03141099587082863,
-0.0036612797994166613,
-0.0004210649349261075,
-0.037842437624931335,
-0.026386696845293045,
0.013472710736095905,
0.0023462341632694006,
0.0252792090177536,
-0.014797136187553406,
-0.0041137211956083775,
-0.036712776869535446,
-0.041216082870960236,
-0.01852971315383911,
0.019427383318543434,
-0.005068077240139246,
0.06487014889717102,
0.37590867280960083,
-0.009767412208020687,
-0.008921923115849495,
-0.04739139601588249,
-0.05265955254435539,
0.00920957513153553,
-0.05450095981359482,
-0.04007381945848465,
-0.02837962843477726,
0.011445282027125359,
0.03431035950779915,
0.020141467452049255,
0.06289833784103394,
-0.021697258576750755,
-0.08208677172660828,
-0.0013748453930020332,
0.0033296498004347086,
0.04357661306858063,
0.03959669917821884,
-0.011650844477117062,
0.02624204382300377,
-0.05519618093967438,
-0.006812737323343754,
0.03371479734778404,
0.022327663376927376,
-0.031928207725286484,
-0.05053691193461418,
-0.09131983667612076,
0.006301062181591988,
0.07008014619350433,
0.051488395780324936,
-0.001203251420520246,
0.0616050660610199,
-0.03269297257065773,
-0.031635385006666183,
-0.004473879933357239,
0.015691667795181274,
0.02582547999918461,
-0.05425291508436203,
0.01358041912317276,
0.0008712791604921222,
-0.06143312156200409,
-0.04319865256547928,
-0.05744761973619461,
-0.03710628300905228,
-0.00838159117847681,
0.040871165692806244,
-0.013627502135932446,
0.007526843808591366,
0.03149092569947243,
0.01473812572658062,
-0.005970791447907686,
0.03489493951201439,
-0.046363066881895065,
0.02226315252482891,
0.045602791011333466,
-0.02888438291847706,
0.015173696912825108,
-0.06822565197944641,
0.027189264073967934,
0.052735958248376846,
-0.05477086827158928,
-0.05874120071530342,
-0.0038606151938438416,
0.12591177225112915,
-0.02486604079604149,
-0.06780139356851578,
0.022047769278287888,
-0.0058375149965286255,
-0.03703828155994415,
-0.04051981866359711,
0.04640495777130127,
0.040346115827560425,
0.0033560944721102715,
0.02620268426835537,
0.011598752811551094,
0.054062969982624054,
0.004087276756763458,
-0.02582310512661934,
-0.009207072667777538,
0.026587240397930145,
0.018493913114070892,
0.013694771565496922,
-0.020206911489367485,
0.03993286192417145,
0.054877523332834244,
0.020833367481827736,
-0.11123430728912354,
0.05210878700017929,
-0.004444411490112543,
-0.001163181965239346,
-0.00965244323015213,
-0.008178526535630226,
-0.10322137922048569,
0.06690414994955063,
-0.022795723751187325,
-0.013766573742032051,
-0.023734424263238907,
0.029800379648804665,
-0.005261304322630167,
0.029065169394016266,
0.07919775694608688,
0.010466650128364563,
-0.059506308287382126,
0.06393544375896454,
0.026356156915426254,
0.0105011947453022,
0.00933287013322115,
0.031817302107810974,
0.006511330138891935,
-0.07588132470846176,
-0.019424758851528168,
0.021539364010095596,
-0.06919519603252411,
-0.041855402290821075,
-0.07976967841386795,
-0.014938872307538986,
0.06398690491914749,
0.032356925308704376,
-0.01864057220518589,
0.03786727413535118,
0.021639009937644005,
-0.061074160039424896,
-0.05515965446829796,
-0.3024609386920929,
-0.00420218612998724,
0.035403236746788025,
-0.05288957059383392,
0.11835739761590958,
-0.05605359002947807,
0.009308344684541225,
0.03345281258225441,
0.023910904303193092,
-0.04011847451329231,
-0.0030357656069099903,
0.14320316910743713,
-0.00025334046222269535,
-0.07878441363573074,
-0.022371994331479073,
0.027422195300459862,
0.07366182655096054,
-0.0777788832783699,
0.005126546137034893,
0.051213767379522324,
-0.013224142603576183,
-0.028992537409067154,
-0.0016238036332651973,
0.040827490389347076,
0.027852902188897133,
0.0004932149895466864,
0.1254362314939499,
0.021185103803873062,
0.01623702608048916,
-0.0020797469187527895,
-0.010032928548753262,
0.06873540580272675,
-0.07982675731182098,
-0.07423384487628937,
-0.01098498422652483,
-0.005767427384853363,
-0.008897964842617512,
-0.01855778694152832,
0.010018148459494114,
-0.03478581830859184,
-0.041272230446338654,
0.038146406412124634,
0.025209061801433563,
-0.03130582720041275,
-0.0036194282583892345,
-0.0005441296380013227,
-0.008133167400956154,
0.02111225016415119,
0.015479487366974354,
0.023502789437770844,
-0.004003193695098162,
-0.05358431860804558,
0.05619412288069725,
-0.010765358805656433,
-0.0004964378313161433,
-0.00886241439729929,
0.0018608351238071918,
0.041626762598752975,
-0.03723948448896408,
-0.0054343082010746,
0.0008006192510947585,
0.017186015844345093,
0.01764967292547226,
0.05923505872488022,
-0.02826962061226368,
-0.0014401978114619851,
0.04762362688779831,
-0.003719816915690899,
0.04139236733317375,
-0.027757931500673294,
0.022766342386603355,
0.12751877307891846,
-0.06076820194721222,
0.05345281958580017,
0.055050238966941833,
0.014994275756180286,
-0.047523319721221924,
0.02099410817027092,
-0.014856353402137756,
0.026002442464232445,
0.02171427384018898,
0.061161503195762634,
0.03370390459895134,
-0.06448584794998169,
-0.00696029607206583,
0.03198045492172241,
0.01346003171056509,
-0.0378146693110466,
0.048089399933815,
0.014490431174635887,
0.033172424882650375,
0.0015744224656373262,
-0.03635527193546295,
-0.0031875905115157366,
0.009761575609445572,
0.04188771918416023,
-0.25334399938583374,
0.03567945212125778,
0.01798464171588421,
0.09428422898054123,
-0.09076148271560669,
0.03224911540746689,
0.022598525509238243,
-0.0770723819732666,
-0.05570916831493378,
0.06288839131593704,
0.005481075961142778,
0.06164490431547165,
0.004530331585556269,
-0.032165925949811935,
-0.08757070451974869,
-0.018537912517786026,
0.04789891839027405,
-0.05153559893369675,
-0.027810364961624146,
-0.011392905376851559,
-0.02529122121632099,
0.0049137454479932785,
0.16358469426631927,
-0.033412396907806396,
-0.006798075046390295,
0.02696145512163639,
0.003389680990949273,
0.020969055593013763,
-0.03121883049607277,
0.014289414510130882,
-0.023474451154470444,
0.038267116993665695,
0.03677521273493767,
-0.0770091861486435,
0.03939821943640709,
0.06395529210567474,
0.0014423010870814323,
-0.04476373642683029,
0.00802423246204853,
0.02122507430613041,
-0.01602531597018242,
-0.0014434494078159332,
-0.07149752229452133,
-0.03868485242128372,
-0.008093519136309624,
-0.03919444978237152,
-0.06801240146160126,
0.0028583528473973274,
0.01692766509950161,
-0.00005490851981448941,
-0.02312724106013775,
-0.028637368232011795,
-0.007212591357529163,
-0.019922124221920967,
0.018470875918865204,
-0.018800964578986168,
-0.004720708355307579,
0.0069021498784422874,
0.06330899149179459,
-0.003903524484485388,
0.06800176948308945,
-0.013608984649181366,
-0.032611072063446045,
0.055011067539453506,
0.045912835747003555
] |
PMID:19659
|
The microbiology of chronic middle ear effusions in children.
|
Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Traditionally, this entity has been felt to be a sterile process. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of infected middle ear fluid in patients with asymptomatic middle ear effusions. The external auditory canal, nasopharynx and middle ear fluids of 57 patients undergoing myringotomy were cultured. Of 57 patients, 26 had positive cultures; 67% of patients less than 36 months of age had positive culture, with a bacterial flora closely resembling that of acute otitis media. Further investigation is required to determine the significance of such infection together with the optimum therapy for chronic effusions of the middle ear in young children.
|
The microbiology of chronic middle ear effusions in children. Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Traditionally, this entity has been felt to be a sterile process. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of infected middle ear fluid in patients with asymptomatic middle ear effusions. The external auditory canal, nasopharynx and middle ear fluids of 57 patients undergoing myringotomy were cultured. Of 57 patients, 26 had positive cultures; 67% of patients less than 36 months of age had positive culture, with a bacterial flora closely resembling that of acute otitis media. Further investigation is required to determine the significance of such infection together with the optimum therapy for chronic effusions of the middle ear in young children.
|
[
0.017509719356894493,
-0.024707317352294922,
0.013440138660371304,
-0.053480736911296844,
0.019426681101322174,
-0.016736308112740517,
0.032123222947120667,
0.06369169056415558,
-0.0463172122836113,
-0.008982691913843155,
0.026830732822418213,
-0.061613619327545166,
0.02549445442855358,
0.036868270486593246,
-0.010392516851425171,
0.0001135298953158781,
-0.003614408429712057,
-0.020491765812039375,
-0.04133661463856697,
0.003087969496846199,
-0.014181175269186497,
0.06062125787138939,
0.03595557436347008,
-0.06541909277439117,
-0.019550494849681854,
0.009562710300087929,
0.022744962945580482,
-0.0074772960506379604,
-0.06513582915067673,
-0.1444436013698578,
-0.0044143288396298885,
-0.05126773566007614,
0.00227658380754292,
-0.008390245959162712,
-0.007915690541267395,
-0.04198981821537018,
0.03280280902981758,
0.00889925193041563,
-0.021775992587208748,
0.07290510833263397,
-0.04113389924168587,
0.03326091915369034,
0.032413605600595474,
-0.04842148721218109,
0.0005239537567831576,
-0.06314174085855484,
-0.010657209903001785,
0.002871423726901412,
0.11959438771009445,
-0.03934495896100998,
-0.015682537108659744,
-0.04808126389980316,
0.010396292433142662,
0.07953165471553802,
-0.04787313938140869,
-0.009183168411254883,
0.020795267075300217,
0.016619104892015457,
-0.0025357473641633987,
-0.001822250196710229,
-0.0006274764891713858,
0.008003954775631428,
-0.0845085084438324,
0.04510233551263809,
0.03690054267644882,
0.007579286582767963,
0.03910450637340546,
-0.052024342119693756,
-0.017780035734176636,
-0.04322395101189613,
-0.06362246721982956,
0.010401038452982903,
-0.02142832987010479,
0.0962807834148407,
0.009111158549785614,
-0.022937778383493423,
0.029456282034516335,
-0.03336046263575554,
-0.015859419479966164,
0.06757242977619171,
-0.03498509153723717,
0.0041399020701646805,
0.019252454861998558,
-0.039179861545562744,
-0.017814433202147484,
0.02595650963485241,
0.014956209808588028,
-0.05940606817603111,
-0.04773692786693573,
-0.03258358687162399,
-0.028587378561496735,
0.004149492364376783,
-0.06515398621559143,
0.016564877703785896,
-0.0035721079912036657,
-0.020324865356087685,
-0.006663093343377113,
0.035731952637434006,
-0.002160159405320883,
0.433925986289978,
-0.008030470460653305,
-0.09034515172243118,
-0.04017060622572899,
-0.01567460410296917,
0.014108197763562202,
-0.027459392324090004,
0.008220276795327663,
0.005711235571652651,
0.06598550826311111,
0.03790891915559769,
0.002838775282725692,
0.014201361685991287,
0.050444845110177994,
0.014270754531025887,
-0.04319089278578758,
0.0303814634680748,
0.05026258900761604,
0.031415536999702454,
-0.04964369162917137,
0.03653085231781006,
-0.022457165643572807,
0.010987604968249798,
0.02903873100876808,
-0.033038705587387085,
0.022139256820082664,
-0.01918805204331875,
0.04263174906373024,
0.07265865057706833,
0.058722589164972305,
0.010153955779969692,
0.05463201180100441,
0.005496803671121597,
-0.03886567801237106,
0.0022742711007595062,
0.06036302447319031,
-0.03568146377801895,
-0.031094800680875778,
-0.05523437261581421,
-0.008803687058389187,
-0.00046031951205804944,
-0.051664743572473526,
-0.10452765971422195,
-0.11590089648962021,
-0.1098863035440445,
-0.08233700692653656,
0.12611515820026398,
-0.07383537292480469,
0.008278144523501396,
-0.03483995422720909,
-0.04147430136799812,
-0.016233941540122032,
0.029068835079669952,
0.0007078144117258489,
0.013743633404374123,
0.031157663092017174,
-0.007277862634509802,
0.01880190148949623,
-0.015318775549530983,
-0.011792074888944626,
0.010078574530780315,
-0.03079930879175663,
-0.02593834139406681,
0.030417172238230705,
0.0654435083270073,
-0.02892398089170456,
0.013777152635157108,
-0.042409852147102356,
0.002366036409512162,
0.04501615837216377,
0.017332587391138077,
-0.029926998540759087,
0.025837086141109467,
0.028834685683250427,
0.023891981691122055,
-0.04158446192741394,
-0.005822495091706514,
-0.03942833095788956,
-0.008952014148235321,
0.015721866860985756,
0.032891787588596344,
0.0071943276561796665,
0.04527131840586662,
-0.006302220281213522,
0.0321296863257885,
-0.003527302760630846,
0.01747988723218441,
0.00006631552241742611,
0.017922909930348396,
0.09365695714950562,
0.004753498360514641,
0.004533404018729925,
-0.04300783574581146,
-0.010090520605444908,
-0.009339065290987492,
0.013121871277689934,
0.013585304841399193,
-0.009314723312854767,
-0.028922773897647858,
0.016444656997919083,
0.01173517107963562,
0.029655104503035545,
0.004270494915544987,
0.027689175680279732,
0.054049767553806305,
0.032273005694150925,
0.018083520233631134,
0.010118393227458,
-0.007532545365393162,
0.0043142447248101234,
0.049859222024679184,
-0.05298345908522606,
0.02528100647032261,
-0.03857138007879257,
0.03758484125137329,
-0.031636614352464676,
0.05952572077512741,
-0.03444807603955269,
0.015291997231543064,
0.028657319024205208,
-0.004502967000007629,
0.023688295856118202,
0.004893266595900059,
-0.07286693900823593,
-0.2799997627735138,
0.04828232526779175,
0.010596238076686859,
-0.028099585324525833,
0.03550940379500389,
-0.00017668060900177807,
0.015379746444523335,
-0.049309320747852325,
0.018632186576724052,
-0.018925443291664124,
0.06461213529109955,
0.08598092943429947,
-0.052577659487724304,
0.01891404204070568,
-0.029634306207299232,
-0.011742579750716686,
-0.021714206784963608,
-0.009241876192390919,
0.015368861146271229,
0.050485316663980484,
0.015859292820096016,
-0.017838073894381523,
0.023631257936358452,
0.0228358693420887,
0.07451247423887253,
-0.04014071449637413,
0.09028957039117813,
-0.0006068873917683959,
0.001957528991624713,
-0.036152906715869904,
0.043179452419281006,
0.030482592061161995,
-0.009025230072438717,
-0.052117493003606796,
-0.05519603192806244,
0.0004019691259600222,
0.01789475977420807,
-0.01274284441024065,
-0.0130930095911026,
-0.01577604189515114,
-0.05323129892349243,
0.016717853024601936,
-0.03392104059457779,
-0.012834866531193256,
-0.02573995105922222,
-0.039867717772722244,
0.018420664593577385,
-0.008456454612314701,
-0.016528939828276634,
0.009350794367492199,
0.010759424418210983,
-0.011913119815289974,
0.048253562301397324,
0.045946523547172546,
0.007499616593122482,
0.0016998035134747624,
0.003985552582889795,
-0.05926411598920822,
-0.07365736365318298,
0.02929479442536831,
0.016510192304849625,
0.06642916798591614,
0.0663803368806839,
-0.029196491464972496,
-0.06463269889354706,
-0.03461150452494621,
0.016256164759397507,
-0.014236693270504475,
0.04158426821231842,
-0.0020752139389514923,
-0.05505894497036934,
0.1558075249195099,
-0.016464466229081154,
-0.051524512469768524,
-0.059136420488357544,
0.06557145714759827,
0.04990211874246597,
-0.05766993388533592,
-0.0029819351620972157,
0.010654137469828129,
0.050409067422151566,
-0.08759166300296783,
0.03588435426354408,
-0.0013420145260170102,
0.026633484289050102,
0.035070981830358505,
-0.09398873150348663,
0.009622461162507534,
-0.02568962052464485,
-0.02098991535604,
0.03555639088153839,
0.01873435638844967,
0.0047681317664682865,
0.0024653279688209295,
-0.02332347445189953,
-0.01520712859928608,
-0.25120091438293457,
-0.014663216657936573,
0.013098779134452343,
0.020438989624381065,
-0.04343125969171524,
0.012582344003021717,
-0.0471305176615715,
-0.015890106558799744,
0.017335502430796623,
0.04960965737700462,
0.05808494612574577,
-0.021834947168827057,
0.04851321130990982,
0.02654452435672283,
0.03358554095029831,
0.00971248373389244,
0.04805520921945572,
0.040050115436315536,
0.03583122789859772,
0.06053133308887482,
-0.00533469021320343,
-0.045610927045345306,
0.14443103969097137,
0.03937303647398949,
-0.027819529175758362,
-0.003005200531333685,
0.033815495669841766,
0.0805918276309967,
0.01481215562671423,
0.0011404154356569052,
0.0783904492855072,
0.026195676997303963,
0.06308276951313019,
0.03509043529629707,
0.008102173916995525,
-0.05947297438979149,
-0.029424704611301422,
0.0034878819715231657,
-0.02570297382771969,
-0.012627191841602325,
0.017937004566192627,
-0.009337528608739376,
-0.08667605370283127,
-0.06330756843090057,
0.028333516791462898,
-0.013562304899096489,
0.04666508734226227,
-0.1208358183503151,
0.00019499014888424426,
-0.0005106735625304282,
-0.05496424064040184,
-0.02983609400689602,
0.06490547209978104,
0.02993369847536087,
0.018782896921038628,
-0.0005191076779738069,
-0.021086139604449272,
-0.019004011526703835,
0.016027254983782768,
-0.006977148819714785,
0.05869336053729057,
-0.11386474221944809,
-0.06224669888615608,
0.11151951551437378,
0.012117350473999977
] |
PMID:19666
|
[Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)].
|
This contribution presents data from the literature as well as our own results concerning the mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). 1. Blood chemistry: In patients with liver cirrhosis, the plasma levels of ammonia, phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenolic acids, and octopamine correlated with the stages of HE. Methionine and free tryptophan concentrations were increased only in stages 2-4. Further, branched chain amino acids were below the normal range. Experimental findings in animals elucidated some mechanisms of these changes. 2. Effects of administered substances: With ammonia, methionine, methanethiol, tryptophan, phenolic substances, and fatty acids central nervous disturbances were observed. 3. Interactions: Anemia, methanethiol, and fatty acids favored ammonia toxicity. Alkalosis diminished cerebral symptoms. 4. Neurotransmitters: HE was accompanied by an enhanced turnover of serotonin and by increased amounts of false neurotransmitters (like octopamine) in the brain. 5. Oxydative brain metabolism: Disorders of cerebral oxygen and glucose utilization were mainly documented in cases of long term HE with EEG alterations. 6. Structural changes of the brain: Most of them are irreversible.
|
[Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. This contribution presents data from the literature as well as our own results concerning the mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). 1. Blood chemistry: In patients with liver cirrhosis, the plasma levels of ammonia, phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenolic acids, and octopamine correlated with the stages of HE. Methionine and free tryptophan concentrations were increased only in stages 2-4. Further, branched chain amino acids were below the normal range. Experimental findings in animals elucidated some mechanisms of these changes. 2. Effects of administered substances: With ammonia, methionine, methanethiol, tryptophan, phenolic substances, and fatty acids central nervous disturbances were observed. 3. Interactions: Anemia, methanethiol, and fatty acids favored ammonia toxicity. Alkalosis diminished cerebral symptoms. 4. Neurotransmitters: HE was accompanied by an enhanced turnover of serotonin and by increased amounts of false neurotransmitters (like octopamine) in the brain. 5. Oxydative brain metabolism: Disorders of cerebral oxygen and glucose utilization were mainly documented in cases of long term HE with EEG alterations. 6. Structural changes of the brain: Most of them are irreversible.
|
[
-0.02498771622776985,
-0.009801050648093224,
0.008110954426229,
0.042489707469940186,
0.0010141012025997043,
0.037599172443151474,
0.06432685256004333,
0.043242014944553375,
-0.03004726767539978,
0.009985254146158695,
0.012357939034700394,
-0.07774024456739426,
0.010930725373327732,
0.04442956671118736,
-0.05045495927333832,
0.0011713092681020498,
-0.024517465382814407,
0.0013725808821618557,
-0.06406833976507187,
-0.007600500714033842,
-0.08993077278137207,
0.011491970159113407,
0.028290163725614548,
-0.024541784077882767,
-0.00917767733335495,
0.005435091909021139,
0.02093350514769554,
-0.010411031544208527,
-0.02463832125067711,
-0.19195234775543213,
0.03060625120997429,
0.024537157267332077,
0.03658308833837509,
-0.0604051798582077,
-0.039891619235277176,
-0.00521344318985939,
0.0305322352796793,
0.02774989977478981,
0.02259620651602745,
-0.014955100603401661,
0.03597685322165489,
0.012974035926163197,
0.021643731743097305,
-0.013135332614183426,
0.010413874872028828,
-0.0029326651711016893,
0.00020035167108289897,
-0.03293348848819733,
0.10687754303216934,
-0.007693219929933548,
-0.08661547303199768,
-0.04818344488739967,
0.017630793154239655,
0.008164804428815842,
0.02621644362807274,
-0.029435688629746437,
0.02261589840054512,
-0.003276203293353319,
0.023226909339427948,
0.0348941870033741,
0.008671654388308525,
0.015036246739327908,
-0.127705916762352,
0.06405947357416153,
0.050396628677845,
0.006261527072638273,
-0.06315568834543228,
-0.05484485253691673,
0.05712374672293663,
0.01967524364590645,
-0.0979514792561531,
-0.011052336543798447,
-0.015274155884981155,
-0.019791120663285255,
0.01821991801261902,
0.008183055557310581,
0.005677424371242523,
-0.07456361502408981,
0.026496121659874916,
0.02028045989573002,
-0.0012827034806832671,
0.011865392327308655,
-0.014800245873630047,
0.0009577436139807105,
0.057734474539756775,
0.004510172177106142,
-0.02968316152691841,
0.005893128924071789,
-0.032292842864990234,
-0.003887467086315155,
0.011109487153589725,
-0.09593155235052109,
0.033449653536081314,
0.017430054023861885,
-0.05343691259622574,
0.0034767158795148134,
0.027714116498827934,
-0.05941169708967209,
0.0023267134092748165,
0.37473368644714355,
0.0049486299976706505,
-0.028619399294257164,
-0.049398936331272125,
-0.01250679511576891,
-0.02100367657840252,
-0.013746388256549835,
0.004177871160209179,
0.011407383717596531,
0.01404672209173441,
0.08081735670566559,
0.048580482602119446,
0.06559372693300247,
0.029039936140179634,
-0.045769985765218735,
-0.01117001287639141,
0.049824099987745285,
0.03977123275399208,
0.0006661296938546002,
-0.03453122079372406,
0.02897486835718155,
0.038003623485565186,
0.009809507988393307,
0.03871695697307587,
-0.014575020410120487,
0.04031729698181152,
0.023375075310468674,
-0.04618201032280922,
0.08904242515563965,
0.0426342748105526,
-0.00496322475373745,
0.01739257015287876,
0.0099111283197999,
0.053408388048410416,
0.005303842946887016,
-0.016478896141052246,
0.01762966625392437,
0.019139612093567848,
-0.06283533573150635,
0.0869232714176178,
0.03919336199760437,
-0.02419336698949337,
-0.028430519625544548,
-0.04864371567964554,
-0.09007347375154495,
-0.07274072617292404,
0.07733407616615295,
0.06094996631145477,
-0.028951497748494148,
-0.017435897141695023,
0.0009884777246043086,
0.0018937697168439627,
0.0526527538895607,
0.005925778299570084,
0.025016626343131065,
-0.05870022624731064,
0.00821180734783411,
-0.029396479949355125,
-0.004412909969687462,
0.005273790098726749,
-0.0011996348621323705,
-0.056953832507133484,
-0.07030010223388672,
-0.025177372619509697,
0.09656400233507156,
0.011375831440091133,
0.0453149750828743,
-0.012826097197830677,
-0.008339719846844673,
0.008759599179029465,
-0.04024553298950195,
0.013964630663394928,
0.03265490382909775,
-0.04041673615574837,
-0.017726469784975052,
0.00047005078522488475,
0.015345072373747826,
0.0675901547074318,
0.05156804621219635,
-0.002188463229686022,
-0.027805408462882042,
0.04298100620508194,
0.03180886432528496,
-0.008239421993494034,
0.02911841683089733,
0.03320114314556122,
-0.03558645024895668,
-0.033469390124082565,
0.025056973099708557,
0.00022873745183460414,
-0.013741578906774521,
-0.06134745478630066,
-0.008351853117346764,
-0.11447878181934357,
0.010410130955278873,
-0.034623585641384125,
-0.02060525491833687,
-0.06641533225774765,
0.01865447871387005,
-0.03129538893699646,
0.0005727066309191287,
0.10832162946462631,
0.035943638533353806,
-0.018454071134328842,
0.06295310705900192,
-0.018643874675035477,
-0.008515994064509869,
-0.05077618360519409,
-0.012067382223904133,
0.026343073695898056,
-0.006042609456926584,
-0.06854376941919327,
-0.019322391599416733,
-0.03863641247153282,
0.0042636278085410595,
-0.02893024869263172,
0.027686292305588722,
-0.052827224135398865,
0.02317287027835846,
0.0738254263997078,
-0.0018688091076910496,
0.08736848831176758,
-0.08591397851705551,
-0.025337228551506996,
-0.28970369696617126,
-0.030995378270745277,
0.03149869665503502,
-0.05939030274748802,
0.01380149181932211,
-0.04762454703450203,
-0.07518880814313889,
-0.040190983563661575,
-0.014319458976387978,
0.0818442553281784,
0.03751935064792633,
0.04126027971506119,
0.010700734332203865,
-0.06750766187906265,
0.027513068169355392,
-0.031148282811045647,
0.05698053166270256,
-0.0322389230132103,
0.0220235176384449,
0.09038720279932022,
0.015810437500476837,
0.00972989946603775,
0.03522375226020813,
0.0011472060577943921,
0.008508571423590183,
-0.021827394142746925,
0.10354369133710861,
-0.032481707632541656,
0.005312168505042791,
-0.04861830919981003,
-0.018390411511063576,
0.0075674825347959995,
-0.020859885960817337,
-0.04527629166841507,
0.01057394314557314,
-0.05070925131440163,
-0.0018554002745077014,
-0.04522066190838814,
-0.009679404087364674,
-0.020159002393484116,
-0.1073329970240593,
-0.028163544833660126,
-0.02209259197115898,
-0.0033885107841342688,
-0.053637176752090454,
-0.023785898461937904,
-0.01976051740348339,
-0.007395261898636818,
0.026531511917710304,
-0.00804984662681818,
0.05700648948550224,
0.020527943968772888,
-0.020304985344409943,
-0.042737722396850586,
0.00848104152828455,
-0.01149252150207758,
-0.038550395518541336,
-0.010654077865183353,
-0.04588768258690834,
0.02260906621813774,
-0.013474187813699245,
0.04863998293876648,
-0.030791597440838814,
-0.005952809471637011,
0.019945859909057617,
0.015062336809933186,
0.030889490619301796,
-0.025126740336418152,
0.06158030778169632,
0.04242558777332306,
0.046467553824186325,
0.14043709635734558,
-0.028249699622392654,
0.039166949689388275,
0.088738813996315,
0.010098535567522049,
-0.007708829827606678,
-0.0576975978910923,
-0.013569734990596771,
0.07782530784606934,
-0.043922655284404755,
-0.06720086187124252,
0.02466791495680809,
0.03289465978741646,
-0.01643633097410202,
0.05251479148864746,
0.026586318388581276,
-0.035472240298986435,
0.06642236560583115,
0.03686481714248657,
0.03417728841304779,
0.03463970497250557,
-0.02403498999774456,
-0.09723182767629623,
0.021501092240214348,
0.06857762485742569,
-0.256077378988266,
0.042059049010276794,
-0.025735029950737953,
-0.017175713554024696,
0.03891758248209953,
0.030999770388007164,
-0.014187206514179707,
0.007440906949341297,
-0.031076626852154732,
-0.000525502604432404,
0.01855826936662197,
0.005311307031661272,
0.06009381636977196,
-0.028937453404068947,
-0.0126445721834898,
-0.01585686393082142,
0.027639634907245636,
-0.0024880922865122557,
0.040849823504686356,
-0.06338519603013992,
-0.033569350838661194,
-0.01229292992502451,
0.15008480846881866,
-0.003849375993013382,
-0.03247305005788803,
0.00470310915261507,
-0.002283593872562051,
0.055169008672237396,
-0.05167597159743309,
0.04350926727056503,
0.015648268163204193,
0.049490150064229965,
0.08316931873559952,
0.003451582044363022,
0.07753168791532516,
0.03530019894242287,
-0.005642238073050976,
-0.014181684702634811,
0.015506783500313759,
0.009932535700500011,
0.0026297331787645817,
0.06972332298755646,
-0.05064522475004196,
-0.07029960304498672,
0.018012946471571922,
-0.00538249034434557,
-0.05393696948885918,
-0.05245204642415047,
-0.013741478323936462,
0.035645272582769394,
-0.02958584390580654,
-0.044972945004701614,
-0.008927855640649796,
0.08512812852859497,
0.005894680041819811,
-0.02582235261797905,
0.005662868730723858,
-0.012507457286119461,
0.01330803893506527,
-0.04849764332175255,
0.01952100545167923,
0.02391967736184597,
-0.041504304856061935,
0.10911523550748825,
0.038974329829216
] |
PMID:19672
|
Effects of cyanide on peanut lipoxygenase.
|
Acidic and alkaline lipoxygenase isozymes were separated and assayed for activity while incubated in the presence of various concentrations of cyanide. Inhibition due to cyanide per se was not found. Instead, cyanide caused an increase in pH, which decreased the activity of the acidic isozyme to a rate corresponding to the same pH on the activity curve for the cyanide-free reaction.
|
Effects of cyanide on peanut lipoxygenase. Acidic and alkaline lipoxygenase isozymes were separated and assayed for activity while incubated in the presence of various concentrations of cyanide. Inhibition due to cyanide per se was not found. Instead, cyanide caused an increase in pH, which decreased the activity of the acidic isozyme to a rate corresponding to the same pH on the activity curve for the cyanide-free reaction.
|
[
-0.06042665243148804,
0.028085021302103996,
-0.01832720823585987,
0.0961521789431572,
0.012868532910943031,
-0.034554459154605865,
0.09505385160446167,
0.05622902512550354,
-0.07973867654800415,
0.01297575794160366,
0.031203802675008774,
-0.013911716639995575,
0.07537490129470825,
-0.01790507510304451,
0.010781467892229557,
-0.03406790643930435,
0.03532799705862999,
0.007414526306092739,
-0.08094557374715805,
-0.05354810506105423,
-0.04050718992948532,
0.006618152838200331,
0.10167264193296432,
-0.0031198214273899794,
0.039756231009960175,
0.02744373306632042,
-0.007006971165537834,
0.05227368697524071,
-0.07161301374435425,
-0.15812675654888153,
-0.01133410818874836,
0.03299907222390175,
0.020440436899662018,
-0.013236284255981445,
0.0386420376598835,
0.08091726899147034,
0.021304572001099586,
-0.03621578961610794,
-0.03626391664147377,
0.071741983294487,
0.08317398279905319,
0.019823282957077026,
-0.0037630931474268436,
0.06630183011293411,
-0.013130111619830132,
-0.012621719390153885,
-0.003916888032108545,
-0.00022122854716144502,
0.07360590249300003,
-0.02425543963909149,
0.049892608076334,
-0.003303184174001217,
0.03952851891517639,
0.044618748128414154,
0.0319879949092865,
-0.007407960947602987,
0.020266029983758926,
0.09038850665092468,
-0.009700190275907516,
-0.008740364573895931,
-0.03873692825436592,
-0.009627965278923512,
-0.10366208106279373,
0.056159134954214096,
0.02922510914504528,
-0.002767895581200719,
-0.04030533507466316,
-0.045735932886600494,
0.043313052505254745,
0.046303294599056244,
-0.08274347335100174,
0.06028888747096062,
-0.060586538165807724,
0.003483226988464594,
-0.0564645491540432,
0.011188197880983353,
-0.012425987981259823,
0.009883656166493893,
0.018200721591711044,
-0.03409399837255478,
-0.07191736996173859,
-0.1192426085472107,
0.011745370924472809,
0.001844249782152474,
0.03511309251189232,
0.03259365260601044,
0.0657820999622345,
-0.0039025971200317144,
0.00010893307626247406,
0.0056325639598071575,
0.04242195561528206,
-0.027057483792304993,
-0.016484837979078293,
-0.04572955146431923,
-0.02628832310438156,
0.05686395242810249,
0.042196352034807205,
-0.026375798508524895,
-0.022316548973321915,
0.3222653567790985,
-0.042118754237890244,
0.005711901001632214,
-0.08671589940786362,
-0.043288394808769226,
0.00988047942519188,
-0.012980385683476925,
-0.001690515666268766,
-0.05519089102745056,
0.002153361216187477,
0.002396989380940795,
0.11219418793916702,
-0.017503494396805763,
-0.0029055862687528133,
-0.020008601248264313,
-0.06881425529718399,
0.03918912261724472,
0.025096675381064415,
0.02320297807455063,
0.030911540612578392,
0.04831504076719284,
-0.022750569507479668,
0.032802850008010864,
-0.0028554329182952642,
-0.02360452339053154,
0.040259458124637604,
0.04475687816739082,
0.0022781849838793278,
0.11292938143014908,
0.021512262523174286,
0.014821834862232208,
0.049746811389923096,
-0.054512929171323776,
0.038176558911800385,
0.03010401874780655,
-0.022141991183161736,
0.013735505752265453,
0.03788835555315018,
-0.00936057884246111,
0.07171860337257385,
-0.01677636429667473,
-0.07465939968824387,
-0.04860372841358185,
-0.06104809418320656,
-0.0766611397266388,
-0.027813591063022614,
0.03977953642606735,
-0.01993851363658905,
0.04661010578274727,
-0.016021041199564934,
-0.008421584032475948,
-0.012779399752616882,
0.0033972214441746473,
-0.02952200546860695,
0.09032644331455231,
-0.005233543459326029,
0.012409796006977558,
0.01813449151813984,
0.011715717613697052,
0.026952004060149193,
-0.023292390629649162,
-0.086036816239357,
-0.08083879202604294,
0.011353127658367157,
0.05778808891773224,
0.01766110397875309,
0.006840915884822607,
-0.07892255485057831,
0.00009416689863428473,
0.01438902597874403,
0.005481971427798271,
-0.017617205157876015,
0.04668843746185303,
-0.021037841215729713,
-0.07332275062799454,
-0.016323445364832878,
-0.009294575080275536,
0.028057055547833443,
0.06487444043159485,
0.07632909715175629,
-0.004592934623360634,
0.03912186995148659,
-0.04272303730249405,
-0.0039420053362846375,
0.06274068355560303,
0.019668234512209892,
-0.11304190009832382,
-0.04161011800169945,
0.06906770914793015,
-0.0181909017264843,
0.054314833134412766,
-0.036520931869745255,
-0.024148929864168167,
-0.06446078419685364,
0.0011979022528976202,
-0.027735266834497452,
-0.1063096672296524,
-0.05466103553771973,
-0.08387318253517151,
0.02335522137582302,
-0.08764956146478653,
0.0820188820362091,
-0.019626259803771973,
-0.02052895538508892,
0.007318273186683655,
-0.007721599657088518,
0.056090209633111954,
0.030909376218914986,
0.006675520911812782,
0.04696759209036827,
0.04508522152900696,
-0.05767356604337692,
0.06548122316598892,
-0.030318064615130424,
-0.019278712570667267,
-0.044698137789964676,
0.02147640846669674,
0.005600230302661657,
0.009260402992367744,
0.04208913445472717,
-0.00003693845064844936,
0.0032397068571299314,
-0.03569485619664192,
-0.047767724841833115,
-0.30829304456710815,
-0.009818232618272305,
0.039508458226919174,
-0.05046098306775093,
0.050406794995069504,
0.006164715625345707,
-0.008714819326996803,
-0.041288625448942184,
0.025753317400813103,
-0.012618815526366234,
0.03369065001606941,
0.0662410780787468,
-0.008959976024925709,
-0.0309919323772192,
0.026138054206967354,
-0.006411663722246885,
-0.029999637976288795,
-0.0373205803334713,
0.007272391580045223,
0.018719110637903214,
0.017456792294979095,
-0.02085668034851551,
0.00909453071653843,
-0.003231456968933344,
0.09128846973180771,
0.012855425477027893,
0.09788428992033005,
0.0055165765807032585,
0.014028262346982956,
-0.04122212529182434,
0.00612325593829155,
0.030678173527121544,
-0.000010359413863625377,
-0.08980761468410492,
-0.0014714032877236605,
-0.004535884130746126,
-0.02085862308740616,
-0.052597418427467346,
-0.0383773073554039,
-0.020106827840209007,
-0.032996270805597305,
-0.06581370532512665,
0.003234781324863434,
-0.0156047148630023,
-0.004783182870596647,
0.005994206760078669,
0.009052989073097706,
-0.013911429792642593,
-0.003965065814554691,
-0.014914666302502155,
0.011333226226270199,
0.046354781836271286,
0.046783991158008575,
0.009912758134305477,
-0.006796187721192837,
0.010041505098342896,
0.014368817210197449,
0.024408601224422455,
-0.04149475321173668,
-0.01980280503630638,
-0.022238144651055336,
-0.0422060489654541,
0.05327676236629486,
-0.0042515830136835575,
-0.0041313511319458485,
-0.051462456583976746,
0.01592349074780941,
-0.04874300956726074,
0.00241837021894753,
0.07211024314165115,
-0.03450659662485123,
0.14396530389785767,
-0.038496099412441254,
-0.07349210232496262,
0.0004219675320200622,
0.03984658420085907,
-0.03417588025331497,
-0.06392650306224823,
-0.03730987757444382,
0.011027730070054531,
-0.013279199600219727,
-0.017229024320840836,
0.1303214728832245,
-0.04570095241069794,
-0.07477734237909317,
0.0071915313601493835,
-0.002763967262580991,
-0.023273766040802002,
-0.0026871671434491873,
-0.009733208455145359,
0.04321315139532089,
-0.007492337375879288,
-0.028701335191726685,
-0.0029631564393639565,
0.06331207603216171,
0.027289314195513725,
-0.19784638285636902,
0.010816567577421665,
0.04235043004155159,
-0.026543403044342995,
0.0009398958645761013,
0.029580647125840187,
0.018564371392130852,
0.014142626896500587,
0.011464465409517288,
0.09530271589756012,
-0.04071269556879997,
0.0012059860164299607,
0.005673044361174107,
0.004845829680562019,
-0.03109811805188656,
0.0021829879842698574,
0.07446654886007309,
-0.014383452013134956,
0.03787493705749512,
-0.000203829345991835,
-0.05176953226327896,
-0.038095518946647644,
0.1441871076822281,
0.01425936073064804,
0.019994882866740227,
0.10119487345218658,
-0.03045004978775978,
0.013372121378779411,
-0.05601710453629494,
-0.006738792639225721,
-0.009513846598565578,
0.001241360791027546,
0.01247402187436819,
-0.04589627683162689,
0.04990621283650398,
0.07782100886106491,
-0.012147593311965466,
-0.03348490595817566,
-0.036412835121154785,
0.032450612634420395,
0.029892679303884506,
-0.0403558611869812,
-0.10757306963205338,
-0.029335761442780495,
0.05964083597064018,
-0.024385059252381325,
-0.03197410702705383,
-0.06471288204193115,
-0.050685007125139236,
0.05366228520870209,
0.010279906913638115,
-0.051452577114105225,
0.04163973033428192,
0.03682230785489082,
0.011541027575731277,
-0.013278307393193245,
-0.04329809173941612,
-0.016011353582143784,
-0.018471313640475273,
0.0266870129853487,
0.05303177237510681,
-0.019654881209135056,
0.012269758619368076,
0.034636303782463074,
0.04410603642463684
] |
PMID:19671
|
Alkaloids of papaver genus IX. Alkaloids of Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse, population Seerjan and Glaucium pulchrum Stapf, population Elika.
|
Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse. population Seerjan was shown to contain three major alkaloids, isocorydine (0.44%), protopine (0.42%), dicentrine (0.24%), and four minor alkaloids, tetrahydropalmatine (0.13%), muramine (0.12%), bulbocapnine (0.06%) and glaucine (0.01%). Glaucium pulchrum Stapf popllation Elika was shown to contain two major alkaloids, corydine (0.3%) and bulbocapnine (0.18%) and three minor alkaloids N-methylindcarpine (0.1%), isocorydine (0.03%) and protopine (0.01%). N-methyllindcarpine was found for the first time in the Papaveraceae and tetrahydropalmatine was detected for the first time in Glaucium.
|
Alkaloids of papaver genus IX. Alkaloids of Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse, population Seerjan and Glaucium pulchrum Stapf, population Elika. Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse. population Seerjan was shown to contain three major alkaloids, isocorydine (0.44%), protopine (0.42%), dicentrine (0.24%), and four minor alkaloids, tetrahydropalmatine (0.13%), muramine (0.12%), bulbocapnine (0.06%) and glaucine (0.01%). Glaucium pulchrum Stapf popllation Elika was shown to contain two major alkaloids, corydine (0.3%) and bulbocapnine (0.18%) and three minor alkaloids N-methylindcarpine (0.1%), isocorydine (0.03%) and protopine (0.01%). N-methyllindcarpine was found for the first time in the Papaveraceae and tetrahydropalmatine was detected for the first time in Glaucium.
|
[
0.03541034087538719,
-0.031839869916439056,
0.03190893307328224,
0.005449913442134857,
-0.021288959309458733,
-0.05112447217106819,
0.004529484082013369,
0.0006096363649703562,
-0.02822141721844673,
0.031034253537654877,
-0.01904352568089962,
-0.07173673063516617,
0.0009093270637094975,
-0.03840800002217293,
-0.015438107773661613,
-0.04788102209568024,
-0.026465049013495445,
0.02916252240538597,
-0.027159161865711212,
-0.040730129927396774,
-0.0002498765825293958,
-0.02694840356707573,
0.017968175932765007,
-0.048449330031871796,
0.011876937933266163,
0.017254091799259186,
0.004389772191643715,
-0.02919982746243477,
0.007682124152779579,
-0.1586873084306717,
0.02317800186574459,
0.018431231379508972,
-0.01828901655972004,
-0.05802980810403824,
-0.013858357444405556,
0.08664242178201675,
-0.016830192878842354,
-0.021599724888801575,
-0.0435020886361599,
0.05036474019289017,
0.010560785420238972,
0.0684700459241867,
-0.051980406045913696,
-0.013858525082468987,
-0.05151577666401863,
0.01697084680199623,
-0.028701482340693474,
0.00970307644456625,
0.05362335592508316,
-0.04316985234618187,
-0.008530119433999062,
0.017686795443296432,
0.05698027461767197,
0.01714904233813286,
-0.02908157929778099,
-0.06175505369901657,
0.038596466183662415,
0.06733810901641846,
-0.034909240901470184,
0.045262645930051804,
-0.018198996782302856,
0.06584808230400085,
-0.11725284159183502,
0.005736343562602997,
-0.043815623968839645,
-0.03190014883875847,
-0.03219739720225334,
0.028538648039102554,
0.035742320120334625,
-0.016250798478722572,
-0.031807318329811096,
-0.014104215428233147,
0.030990932136774063,
0.012806722894310951,
-0.015198527835309505,
-0.042810410261154175,
-0.010212120600044727,
0.024966362863779068,
0.011869245208799839,
-0.04080484062433243,
0.017867621034383774,
0.028411246836185455,
-0.017860282212495804,
-0.05556786060333252,
0.022045284509658813,
-0.03884042799472809,
0.03650396689772606,
0.03732358291745186,
0.03887953609228134,
-0.00005457889710669406,
0.009931650012731552,
-0.0013862457126379013,
0.027292845770716667,
-0.06265667825937271,
-0.0722164586186409,
0.014736112207174301,
0.015036421827971935,
-0.0335686057806015,
0.019138313829898834,
0.31989967823028564,
0.003136000130325556,
-0.020777158439159393,
-0.04507831111550331,
0.013849172741174698,
0.028266236186027527,
-0.02783837914466858,
-0.0375179685652256,
-0.02607935667037964,
0.038709864020347595,
0.056494057178497314,
0.09310965240001678,
-0.022675251588225365,
0.0394032821059227,
-0.03423961251974106,
-0.05044710263609886,
-0.099887415766716,
0.12939922511577606,
-0.05618872120976448,
-0.03993406146764755,
0.0061027370393276215,
0.0015900807920843363,
0.014034583233296871,
0.028027208521962166,
0.02101065218448639,
0.038916125893592834,
0.07654429227113724,
-0.09056633710861206,
0.01978035271167755,
0.02571241930127144,
0.0361642949283123,
0.05949850380420685,
0.013974476605653763,
0.02588140033185482,
-0.03319215402007103,
-0.014947677962481976,
0.019672857597470284,
0.05530998483300209,
0.00669090123847127,
0.036251671612262726,
-0.08831015974283218,
-0.016301294788718224,
-0.11030813306570053,
-0.04102972894906998,
-0.05606658384203911,
-0.039254236966371536,
0.08386237174272537,
0.04302907735109329,
0.003806990571320057,
0.014466671273112297,
0.05278622359037399,
-0.004746681544929743,
0.039395030587911606,
0.007174194324761629,
0.0009086586069315672,
0.022806158289313316,
0.005254472605884075,
-0.008947866968810558,
0.03246224299073219,
-0.0005066461744718254,
0.023784661665558815,
0.034927546977996826,
0.031130675226449966,
-0.019594235345721245,
0.05172684043645859,
-0.0017146555474027991,
-0.057009175419807434,
-0.04098883271217346,
0.03967677429318428,
-0.04562164843082428,
-0.01878759264945984,
0.02774195745587349,
0.05456998944282532,
0.014505784958600998,
0.01048820000141859,
-0.0167069248855114,
-0.01427827775478363,
0.010212740860879421,
-0.024268968030810356,
0.04230760410428047,
-0.04215821623802185,
0.04100191593170166,
0.0030755880288779736,
-0.013351707719266415,
0.02288607694208622,
0.006570484954863787,
0.0003227143024560064,
-0.06051361560821533,
0.027941182255744934,
-0.005196449812501669,
-0.036532461643218994,
0.011757192201912403,
0.013833361677825451,
-0.06514551490545273,
0.04087814316153526,
-0.04911321401596069,
0.003475913777947426,
-0.07182164490222931,
0.03084626980125904,
0.057226866483688354,
-0.0655762255191803,
0.06738510727882385,
-0.019540738314390182,
-0.004135054536163807,
0.030826598405838013,
0.03899876028299332,
0.06440400332212448,
-0.03452717885375023,
0.007471841759979725,
0.05702847242355347,
-0.03851650282740593,
-0.0425516702234745,
0.05262100324034691,
0.01831628940999508,
-0.011370274238288403,
-0.06990521401166916,
-0.00019232691556680948,
-0.028875423595309258,
-0.028894620016217232,
0.0616251565515995,
-0.009772052988409996,
0.04171473905444145,
-0.07809348404407501,
-0.049358367919921875,
-0.3016832768917084,
-0.0361633263528347,
0.030110541731119156,
-0.01911807619035244,
0.04510604590177536,
0.015349284745752811,
0.0183293167501688,
-0.01699334941804409,
0.06490258872509003,
-0.03479182347655296,
0.09830846637487411,
0.08543092012405396,
-0.005128177348524332,
-0.03985010087490082,
-0.0018644079100340605,
0.09497804939746857,
0.03425976261496544,
-0.05300133302807808,
0.044263213872909546,
0.011760656721889973,
0.06080556660890579,
-0.05438822880387306,
-0.03482722118496895,
0.04098961874842644,
0.007058574818074703,
-0.039862170815467834,
0.09290111809968948,
-0.000512882077600807,
-0.04217085242271423,
-0.059956301003694534,
-0.04876841604709625,
0.04923173040151596,
-0.07655570656061172,
-0.052251823246479034,
-0.029384126886725426,
-0.017937928438186646,
0.04992150142788887,
0.0254756361246109,
0.03912704437971115,
0.008192130364477634,
0.06897255778312683,
0.020591868087649345,
-0.020931536331772804,
-0.05283582955598831,
0.014433419331908226,
0.0037613711319863796,
-0.045583561062812805,
-0.003567503998056054,
0.015422560274600983,
0.049620192497968674,
0.024278830736875534,
0.09356840699911118,
0.03275253623723984,
-0.0316237173974514,
-0.06932136416435242,
-0.010916374623775482,
-0.14135043323040009,
0.033509980887174606,
-0.04740966856479645,
0.05464113503694534,
-0.05627703294157982,
0.0041709472425282,
0.0014361960347741842,
-0.004896433558315039,
0.02661847323179245,
0.029335111379623413,
0.03913305699825287,
0.009518391452729702,
0.09963589161634445,
-0.012309649959206581,
0.0469309464097023,
0.04429938644170761,
-0.106488898396492,
-0.019065918400883675,
0.08094410598278046,
-0.003981692250818014,
0.0567547008395195,
-0.0665624588727951,
-0.04269980266690254,
0.06717396527528763,
-0.03715364262461662,
-0.04727938771247864,
0.011277666315436363,
0.002375274198129773,
-0.016859229654073715,
0.051168669015169144,
-0.022082921117544174,
-0.045202143490314484,
0.08456608653068542,
0.019526781514286995,
0.01487263385206461,
-0.011335841380059719,
-0.00369534594938159,
-0.02689225971698761,
0.06570206582546234,
0.030397042632102966,
-0.2811814844608307,
0.03753102570772171,
0.021440934389829636,
0.010927489027380943,
-0.021444421261548996,
0.004608212038874626,
0.032681286334991455,
-0.02074214443564415,
-0.021244943141937256,
0.035655755549669266,
0.022988304495811462,
0.022184090688824654,
0.07163558900356293,
-0.0032285077031701803,
-0.019243763759732246,
0.006477412302047014,
0.04708845168352127,
0.004156718961894512,
0.05768948420882225,
0.011606870219111443,
-0.014981313608586788,
-0.04530009627342224,
0.1483220010995865,
-0.0028815658297389746,
-0.06170755997300148,
0.03410696983337402,
-0.01338842511177063,
-0.028455624356865883,
-0.01703401282429695,
0.05674515292048454,
-0.03406086191534996,
0.013391094282269478,
0.11147289723157883,
-0.02700398676097393,
0.024660872295498848,
0.050413962453603745,
-0.015150791965425014,
0.05044059455394745,
0.05604157596826553,
-0.05328882858157158,
-0.010627011768519878,
0.036769263446331024,
-0.08966371417045593,
0.009902145713567734,
0.04252603277564049,
-0.10307879000902176,
-0.03910089284181595,
-0.045994244515895844,
0.00936729647219181,
0.04613257199525833,
-0.03823399171233177,
-0.05458648502826691,
-0.052489448338747025,
0.011518632993102074,
-0.01887798309326172,
-0.010163768194615841,
-0.02502371370792389,
-0.033241547644138336,
0.01643102988600731,
0.031989313662052155,
0.006252889055758715,
-0.029109518975019455,
-0.001921556075103581,
0.05231589078903198,
0.047387026250362396
] |
PMID:19681
|
Simple assay for the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of fatty acid synthetase.
|
A simple assay is described for estimating the activity of the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of the yeast fatty acids synthetase complex. The radioactivity liberated as 14CO2 from [1,3-14C]malonyl-CoA was trapped in phenethylamine and measured by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Three enzyme-catalysed steps are involved: acetyl-CoA transacylase, malonyl-CoA transacylase and beta-ketoacyl synthetase; however, beta-ketoacyl synthetase is rate-limiting. beta-Ketoacyl synthetase activity was made independent of subsequent enzyme activities of the complex by excluding NADPH from the assay, thus blocking beta-ketoacyl reductase and preventing fatty acid synthesis. By this assay beta-ketoacyl synthetase activity was about 0.28 of the activity of the complex for fatty acid synthesis, compared with approximately 0.001 for published assays. Several pyridine nucleotides and derivatives were tested after it was discovered that NADH stimulated beta-ketoacyl synthetase activity to a greater extent than could be accounted for by its reactivity in providing a pathway from acetoacetyl-enzyme to fatty acid synthesis. Presumably, the release of acetoacetate from the central sulphydryl of the complex is the rate-limiting step in the assay procedure.
|
Simple assay for the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of fatty acid synthetase. A simple assay is described for estimating the activity of the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of the yeast fatty acids synthetase complex. The radioactivity liberated as 14CO2 from [1,3-14C]malonyl-CoA was trapped in phenethylamine and measured by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Three enzyme-catalysed steps are involved: acetyl-CoA transacylase, malonyl-CoA transacylase and beta-ketoacyl synthetase; however, beta-ketoacyl synthetase is rate-limiting. beta-Ketoacyl synthetase activity was made independent of subsequent enzyme activities of the complex by excluding NADPH from the assay, thus blocking beta-ketoacyl reductase and preventing fatty acid synthesis. By this assay beta-ketoacyl synthetase activity was about 0.28 of the activity of the complex for fatty acid synthesis, compared with approximately 0.001 for published assays. Several pyridine nucleotides and derivatives were tested after it was discovered that NADH stimulated beta-ketoacyl synthetase activity to a greater extent than could be accounted for by its reactivity in providing a pathway from acetoacetyl-enzyme to fatty acid synthesis. Presumably, the release of acetoacetate from the central sulphydryl of the complex is the rate-limiting step in the assay procedure.
|
[
-0.06716103106737137,
0.009166897274553776,
-0.07608000934123993,
0.04402371495962143,
0.037463899701833725,
0.0015156894223764539,
-0.0028323044534772635,
0.018982363864779472,
-0.033669888973236084,
-0.03366107866168022,
0.0475577712059021,
-0.10919692367315292,
0.018546907231211662,
-0.031408462673425674,
-0.03982621431350708,
-0.0813193991780281,
0.025625159963965416,
-0.0034573569428175688,
-0.004447918385267258,
-0.004194746725261211,
0.023483240976929665,
0.005196189042180777,
0.0204703938215971,
0.014589549042284489,
0.04124761000275612,
0.019332267343997955,
0.012552781030535698,
0.0015397068345919251,
-0.0533427931368351,
-0.21377252042293549,
0.03738131374120712,
-0.023523855954408646,
0.021070221439003944,
-0.03900133818387985,
0.012094697915017605,
0.020547227934002876,
-0.028101887553930283,
-0.0009851001668721437,
-0.040044840425252914,
0.06136973202228546,
0.048251789063215256,
0.008408515714108944,
-0.02205478772521019,
-0.03631357476115227,
0.02893991768360138,
-0.013423104770481586,
-0.01631467230618,
0.0513165146112442,
0.06305602937936783,
0.003310260595753789,
0.0006299227243289351,
0.0028770570643246174,
0.03578567132353783,
0.017177321016788483,
0.0664500743150711,
-0.020487768575549126,
0.022937176749110222,
0.050446245819330215,
0.05538076534867287,
-0.026439223438501358,
0.000501429196447134,
0.007825104519724846,
-0.16478638350963593,
0.009238388389348984,
0.0463566929101944,
-0.002279627835378051,
0.02275720052421093,
-0.07052499055862427,
0.0025811074301600456,
0.07497596740722656,
-0.038444969803094864,
0.0839405283331871,
-0.021885929629206657,
0.004830633755773306,
0.04218054562807083,
-0.0012673409655690193,
0.0014988160692155361,
0.030995583161711693,
0.030363505706191063,
-0.005120929330587387,
-0.03468961641192436,
-0.042745787650346756,
0.04759328439831734,
0.06344907730817795,
-0.0377080924808979,
0.015365230850875378,
0.00798747781664133,
0.007445319555699825,
0.012314271181821823,
0.037821266800165176,
-0.01572328433394432,
-0.0797763466835022,
0.0009809589246287942,
-0.008297980763018131,
-0.0695827454328537,
0.06360447406768799,
0.03352385386824608,
-0.024411458522081375,
-0.010698504745960236,
0.3791109621524811,
-0.01105170976370573,
0.011607211083173752,
-0.054903142154216766,
-0.00033230893313884735,
-0.03305139020085335,
-0.09200908243656158,
-0.0465717688202858,
0.0029444843530654907,
0.05270685255527496,
0.014503316022455692,
0.10593771189451218,
0.005648848135024309,
0.006521087605506182,
-0.03011391870677471,
-0.04674172401428223,
-0.04635879769921303,
0.07141179591417313,
-0.007690925616770983,
-0.02997014857828617,
0.03533713147044182,
0.03189428150653839,
-0.010956212878227234,
0.022359304130077362,
0.01462159026414156,
0.05766049399971962,
-0.011468758806586266,
-0.014004742726683617,
0.11438436061143875,
0.06282226741313934,
0.05479677394032478,
0.045869436115026474,
0.026291504502296448,
-0.0005072814528830349,
-0.01780080236494541,
-0.03253773972392082,
-0.025339050218462944,
0.037435367703437805,
0.008518860675394535,
0.015631739050149918,
-0.01643616519868374,
-0.0011719834292307496,
0.004061492625623941,
0.018598560243844986,
-0.037636786699295044,
-0.019018258899450302,
0.10643037408590317,
0.030675390735268593,
0.00784036424010992,
0.02113991230726242,
0.006928528659045696,
0.022531645372509956,
0.03721155971288681,
-0.0067286924459040165,
0.046695526689291,
0.0004932989249937236,
-0.018917690962553024,
0.03307747095823288,
0.015452980995178223,
0.015090247616171837,
0.01688525825738907,
-0.12181175500154495,
-0.07513314485549927,
-0.010079165920615196,
0.04825848340988159,
0.0016217716038227081,
-0.03888896480202675,
-0.017087841406464577,
-0.004978006239980459,
-0.02970602735877037,
-0.015138141810894012,
0.058049485087394714,
0.020222257822752,
0.013268494047224522,
-0.03449433296918869,
-0.035701148211956024,
0.07279640436172485,
0.033931612968444824,
0.06144963577389717,
-0.014665831811726093,
-0.0027643495704978704,
0.04486296698451042,
-0.03265761956572533,
-0.02796933427453041,
0.07751942425966263,
0.03938078507781029,
-0.008697074837982655,
-0.03494452312588692,
-0.05365339666604996,
0.0018632118590176105,
0.01696368306875229,
-0.07284150272607803,
0.040936801582574844,
-0.0696454644203186,
0.029735062271356583,
-0.030676472932100296,
-0.07483971118927002,
0.019420381635427475,
0.04394088685512543,
-0.013965154998004436,
0.0027256361208856106,
0.09643948823213577,
0.01849384233355522,
0.011452781967818737,
0.030955733731389046,
-0.03761327639222145,
0.025561843067407608,
0.0008949153125286102,
0.0007746558403596282,
0.0703168585896492,
0.03467695415019989,
-0.029674509540200233,
-0.02437475696206093,
-0.06655166298151016,
-0.004628695547580719,
-0.09424073994159698,
0.044518958777189255,
0.013479930348694324,
-0.012340916320681572,
0.05273808538913727,
-0.006987341679632664,
0.036159858107566833,
-0.02257402427494526,
-0.04337800666689873,
-0.3178463280200958,
-0.026310594752430916,
-0.008950051851570606,
-0.0404411219060421,
-0.003486101981252432,
-0.031406957656145096,
0.040387045592069626,
-0.03897766023874283,
0.026262199506163597,
-0.05927499383687973,
0.037104152143001556,
0.024699872359633446,
0.00591698195785284,
-0.0024169667158275843,
-0.04731648415327072,
-0.0017694045091047883,
-0.018222641199827194,
-0.06804965436458588,
0.014423638582229614,
0.014784874394536018,
0.011180411092936993,
-0.0595514178276062,
0.02485423907637596,
-0.033678773790597916,
0.06976138055324554,
0.009302779100835323,
0.05936335027217865,
0.03371752053499222,
0.06587108969688416,
0.007201414555311203,
-0.0025416689459234476,
0.07562664896249771,
0.01351245678961277,
-0.09257397800683975,
-0.03858732432126999,
-0.06445759534835815,
0.01376578863710165,
-0.04571886360645294,
0.005920897703617811,
0.03265499323606491,
-0.03894950821995735,
-0.03178369626402855,
-0.04661843925714493,
-0.09087422490119934,
-0.023949014022946358,
-0.05605804920196533,
-0.01523712556809187,
0.029845193028450012,
-0.01891491562128067,
-0.048812318593263626,
0.03140173479914665,
0.011771568097174168,
0.06194975972175598,
0.04134346544742584,
0.00803163181990385,
0.01843917742371559,
0.0037612675223499537,
-0.048046525567770004,
-0.05343540385365486,
0.008112204261124134,
-0.017583435401320457,
0.01710623688995838,
-0.008482515811920166,
0.05749304220080376,
-0.02485758438706398,
0.007714202161878347,
0.022718017920851707,
-0.04279676452279091,
0.019564129412174225,
0.01004576776176691,
0.020871594548225403,
0.06549467891454697,
-0.05183110758662224,
-0.040112145245075226,
0.03190566226840019,
0.04731466621160507,
-0.06341611593961716,
-0.0584934800863266,
-0.08522718399763107,
0.011460143141448498,
-0.029443880543112755,
-0.06459597498178482,
0.052198439836502075,
-0.06472183763980865,
-0.027510469779372215,
0.03597259148955345,
0.060698896646499634,
-0.0008298021857626736,
0.019771883264183998,
-0.019115034490823746,
-0.004384430591017008,
0.006345678586512804,
0.02262323722243309,
-0.04875992611050606,
0.04295232519507408,
-0.006052275188267231,
-0.25827547907829285,
0.02091255970299244,
-0.03722721338272095,
-0.004335755482316017,
-0.03881451487541199,
0.002368355169892311,
0.06825525313615799,
0.016819095239043236,
-0.030258789658546448,
-0.011159537360072136,
0.0017554603982716799,
0.021104617044329643,
0.03934112936258316,
0.053232546895742416,
-0.005867207422852516,
0.016248652711510658,
0.05313242971897125,
-0.018192186951637268,
0.03747451305389404,
-0.07053433358669281,
-0.016588905826210976,
0.012715804390609264,
0.14735671877861023,
0.022031182423233986,
-0.01724134385585785,
0.0596696175634861,
0.011303809471428394,
0.036939214915037155,
-0.04886799678206444,
0.05077394098043442,
-0.03439633920788765,
0.017347145825624466,
0.06681917607784271,
0.010350758209824562,
0.011226929724216461,
0.0859517902135849,
-0.0007908621919341385,
-0.018899353221058846,
-0.05688738450407982,
0.0180160291492939,
0.006148588843643665,
-0.0009224294335581362,
-0.01754925213754177,
-0.009540287777781487,
0.015466501004993916,
-0.03951495513319969,
-0.07323848456144333,
-0.037702444940805435,
-0.03826622664928436,
-0.01501439232379198,
-0.050712231546640396,
-0.016803402453660965,
0.016206350177526474,
0.022949380800127983,
0.009183059446513653,
0.0017097399104386568,
-0.0180025827139616,
0.029630569741129875,
-0.023139072582125664,
-0.0174650140106678,
0.036511171609163284,
-0.024892542511224747,
-0.0035730840172618628,
0.10121017694473267,
0.026695121079683304
] |
PMID:19682
|
Effects of various acids and salts on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145.
|
The effects of sodium chloride, sodium acetate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, malonic acid, and sodium malonate on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus were investigated in synthetic media. Sodium chloride at concentrations equivalent to or greater than 12 g/100 ml inhibited growth and aflatoxin production, while at 8 g or less/100 ml, growth and aflatoxin production were stimulated. At 2 g or less/100 ml, sodium acetate also stimulated growth and aflatoxin production, but reduction occurred with 4 g or more/100 ml. Malonic acid at 10, 20, 40, and 50 mM reduced growth and aflatoxin production (over 50%) while sodium malonate at similar concentrations but different pH values had the opposite effect. Benzoic acid (pH 3.9) and sodium benzoate (pH 5.0) at 0.4 g/100 ml completely inhibited growth and aflatoxin production. Examination of the effect of initial pH indicated that the extent of inhibitory action of malonic acid and sodium acetate was a function of initial pH. The inhibitory action of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate appeared to be a function of undissociated benzoic acid molecules. Aflatoxin reduction was usually accompanied by an unidentified orange pigment, while aflatoxin stimulation was accompanied by unidentified blue and green fluorescent spots but with lower Rf values that aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2 standards.
|
Effects of various acids and salts on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145. The effects of sodium chloride, sodium acetate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, malonic acid, and sodium malonate on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus were investigated in synthetic media. Sodium chloride at concentrations equivalent to or greater than 12 g/100 ml inhibited growth and aflatoxin production, while at 8 g or less/100 ml, growth and aflatoxin production were stimulated. At 2 g or less/100 ml, sodium acetate also stimulated growth and aflatoxin production, but reduction occurred with 4 g or more/100 ml. Malonic acid at 10, 20, 40, and 50 mM reduced growth and aflatoxin production (over 50%) while sodium malonate at similar concentrations but different pH values had the opposite effect. Benzoic acid (pH 3.9) and sodium benzoate (pH 5.0) at 0.4 g/100 ml completely inhibited growth and aflatoxin production. Examination of the effect of initial pH indicated that the extent of inhibitory action of malonic acid and sodium acetate was a function of initial pH. The inhibitory action of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate appeared to be a function of undissociated benzoic acid molecules. Aflatoxin reduction was usually accompanied by an unidentified orange pigment, while aflatoxin stimulation was accompanied by unidentified blue and green fluorescent spots but with lower Rf values that aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2 standards.
|
[
-0.054418206214904785,
0.005758459679782391,
-0.031868766993284225,
0.053460780531167984,
0.05447838082909584,
0.013031120412051678,
0.0009495176491327584,
0.04520507901906967,
-0.07830338180065155,
-0.011423284187912941,
0.025420695543289185,
-0.1078415960073471,
0.0384451299905777,
0.015920592471957207,
-0.023372622206807137,
-0.023839304223656654,
-0.0031211276073008776,
-0.02618143893778324,
-0.06717564910650253,
-0.07553587108850479,
-0.0023517922963947058,
0.009383739903569221,
0.017008867114782333,
-0.014588098041713238,
0.03794238343834877,
0.03584297373890877,
-0.0012266457779332995,
-0.0504935048520565,
-0.03779982775449753,
-0.17989711463451385,
0.037435129284858704,
0.02694503217935562,
0.02452382631599903,
-0.051311418414115906,
-0.04679828882217407,
-0.012511422857642174,
-0.050154492259025574,
0.02323717437684536,
-0.009095118381083012,
0.052858997136354446,
0.07788992673158646,
0.04890092834830284,
-0.0069567179307341576,
-0.011295773088932037,
-0.04221192002296448,
-0.014183949679136276,
-0.04469408839941025,
0.016040582209825516,
0.14183074235916138,
-0.01416170783340931,
0.0002527951146475971,
-0.033150069415569305,
-0.011369396932423115,
0.02117347903549671,
0.032690394669771194,
-0.06089648976922035,
0.009537195786833763,
0.05848520249128342,
-0.022861147299408913,
-0.002745215315371752,
-0.009409344755113125,
-0.046948522329330444,
-0.1443689465522766,
0.06831847131252289,
0.0473598912358284,
0.04034096747636795,
-0.06084092706441879,
0.0037268679589033127,
0.04429767653346062,
0.028217965736985207,
-0.09770378470420837,
0.0600503645837307,
0.005333772394806147,
0.061216652393341064,
0.08435467630624771,
0.012089152820408344,
-0.04517870023846626,
-0.0186612568795681,
-0.006834571249783039,
0.00920853391289711,
-0.0006192493601702154,
0.009458530694246292,
-0.04802472144365311,
0.014086942188441753,
-0.0015690885484218597,
-0.007398831192404032,
0.012210004031658173,
-0.017442645505070686,
-0.019906124100089073,
0.01790488325059414,
0.042828600853681564,
-0.01951255276799202,
-0.045717526227235794,
-0.03208616375923157,
-0.021690674126148224,
0.05767267569899559,
-0.04721187800168991,
-0.020256005227565765,
-0.06482024490833282,
0.37329164147377014,
-0.004772252403199673,
-0.001697398955002427,
-0.04894139990210533,
-0.04739546403288841,
-0.03867849335074425,
0.014048133976757526,
-0.012326977215707302,
0.03519367799162865,
0.025329528376460075,
0.015438226982951164,
0.07731180638074875,
0.013578369282186031,
-0.0377500094473362,
-0.012417553924024105,
-0.009087780490517616,
0.03400522470474243,
0.0765409767627716,
-0.060996927320957184,
-0.02992008440196514,
0.009331533685326576,
0.09296262264251709,
0.028356466442346573,
0.006233277730643749,
-0.02181117795407772,
0.056712351739406586,
-0.008002248592674732,
-0.014601488597691059,
0.09992927312850952,
0.022222502157092094,
0.04730016738176346,
0.0064031933434307575,
-0.05637463554739952,
0.07062729448080063,
0.0014721970073878765,
-0.01803365722298622,
-0.011091146618127823,
0.016506724059581757,
-0.0021439448464661837,
0.07350718975067139,
0.036897242069244385,
-0.03953287750482559,
-0.06678865104913712,
-0.060035914182662964,
-0.09018819779157639,
-0.018512491136789322,
0.08619102835655212,
0.033485379070043564,
-0.0007981978706084192,
-0.015541087836027145,
-0.007872399874031544,
-0.015257655642926693,
0.03480257838964462,
-0.013703767210245132,
0.061808690428733826,
0.017912540584802628,
0.011175117455422878,
-0.021116092801094055,
0.022682800889015198,
0.005292162764817476,
-0.035898607224226,
-0.08205068856477737,
-0.025738442316651344,
0.0002984698803629726,
0.11473290622234344,
0.0053917597979307175,
0.004591567441821098,
-0.06702066957950592,
0.02659151516854763,
-0.00992596335709095,
0.00211558910086751,
0.01720895618200302,
-0.002758303191512823,
-0.044308435171842575,
-0.05431916192173958,
-0.0269621629267931,
0.036082543432712555,
0.010949337854981422,
0.02153194695711136,
0.027845576405525208,
0.03820473328232765,
0.06983372569084167,
0.0030485508032143116,
0.0014717462472617626,
0.020729735493659973,
0.005068718921393156,
-0.058392807841300964,
-0.07796179503202438,
-0.05097028613090515,
0.028565125539898872,
0.003922375850379467,
-0.03156999126076698,
0.0031289902981370687,
-0.08586753159761429,
0.040954869240522385,
-0.004491457249969244,
-0.013718610629439354,
-0.020784931257367134,
-0.022624937817454338,
0.005589908454567194,
0.005158525425940752,
0.058958616107702255,
0.022554542869329453,
-0.022013122215867043,
0.0321362242102623,
0.0006028422503732145,
0.0558735616505146,
0.0014713290147483349,
0.0032968693412840366,
0.022439152002334595,
-0.006398910656571388,
-0.061904240399599075,
-0.008181903511285782,
-0.0398227758705616,
0.0055604963563382626,
-0.05728450417518616,
0.0821450874209404,
0.003384206909686327,
0.0427950881421566,
0.020940463989973068,
0.009658764116466045,
0.058580365031957626,
-0.044444456696510315,
-0.04403745010495186,
-0.2917894721031189,
0.016669340431690216,
0.006367070600390434,
-0.030161095783114433,
0.022733168676495552,
-0.046126920729875565,
-0.020330902189016342,
-0.04741372913122177,
-0.0014159077545627952,
-0.007673825602978468,
0.02977764420211315,
0.03916032984852791,
-0.004292364697903395,
-0.016077624633908272,
0.010944554582238197,
-0.002089389832690358,
0.008637030608952045,
-0.046745240688323975,
0.07019815593957901,
0.040892597287893295,
0.004736603237688541,
-0.04611251875758171,
0.02279931679368019,
-0.03634381666779518,
0.03668845444917679,
-0.04107586666941643,
0.10200661420822144,
-0.011108183301985264,
-0.006121916230767965,
-0.039150092750787735,
0.06232784688472748,
0.04021522030234337,
-0.0019700208213180304,
-0.03319334611296654,
-0.056764815002679825,
-0.016681045293807983,
0.018772350624203682,
-0.0035534014459699392,
-0.037149522453546524,
0.02034318819642067,
-0.013844216242432594,
-0.01460801251232624,
-0.011408034712076187,
-0.0885637179017067,
0.058507878333330154,
-0.06441871076822281,
0.04127127304673195,
0.023720599710941315,
-0.040651582181453705,
-0.0029200243297964334,
0.015285308472812176,
0.032734889537096024,
0.07006728649139404,
0.024686982855200768,
0.0027659116312861443,
0.028098829090595245,
-0.012808180414140224,
0.012621822766959667,
-0.036155395209789276,
-0.008228741586208344,
0.011264579370617867,
0.0068411510437726974,
0.012613525614142418,
-0.014734546653926373,
-0.0017854239558801055,
0.018142787739634514,
0.011251495219767094,
-0.002501462819054723,
-0.019052498042583466,
0.05711992830038071,
-0.00867293681949377,
0.11690162867307663,
8.96666733751772e-7,
-0.005115841049700975,
0.04614170640707016,
0.04468755051493645,
-0.07826010137796402,
-0.04940003901720047,
-0.08252391964197159,
0.011704339645802975,
-0.03508526086807251,
0.003335601883009076,
0.07954687625169754,
-0.04750509560108185,
0.005641424097120762,
0.03167927265167236,
0.03573259338736534,
-0.031155282631516457,
0.008058602921664715,
0.007855924777686596,
0.051952000707387924,
-0.006260022521018982,
-0.006075236480683088,
-0.01984858512878418,
0.04600090906023979,
-0.0033551244996488094,
-0.27468639612197876,
-0.04395349696278572,
0.07535823434591293,
0.0022784941829741,
0.0010565330740064383,
0.06616462022066116,
0.06786417961120605,
-0.03686106950044632,
0.008906184695661068,
0.019046837463974953,
0.028858225792646408,
-0.03936641290783882,
0.015535205602645874,
0.009793940931558609,
0.019894244149327278,
-0.006854620296508074,
0.026252908632159233,
-0.06726629287004471,
-0.008748889900743961,
0.022156182676553726,
-0.0065037463791668415,
-0.010012243874371052,
0.14144432544708252,
0.017985930666327477,
-0.026050491258502007,
0.05238834768533707,
0.02146667242050171,
-0.029754992574453354,
-0.05450939014554024,
0.034598179161548615,
0.03995814174413681,
0.044032152742147446,
0.06909884512424469,
-0.007602740544825792,
0.07437191158533096,
0.0577140636742115,
-0.03304264694452286,
0.03414757177233696,
-0.0774635449051857,
0.03339375555515289,
-0.005829335656017065,
-0.050337210297584534,
-0.06721692532300949,
-0.03996390104293823,
0.017429130151867867,
-0.057952962815761566,
-0.019886426627635956,
-0.07113633304834366,
-0.02808091789484024,
0.0352913923561573,
-0.07954677939414978,
-0.039659176021814346,
0.06509993225336075,
0.013469872064888477,
-0.020336465910077095,
-0.02897193841636181,
0.00000248921787715517,
0.05251900106668472,
-0.027548667043447495,
0.00618388969451189,
0.06024285778403282,
-0.004214627202600241,
-0.0611131526529789,
0.053299255669116974,
0.05438322573900223
] |
PMID:19684
|
[Constitutive synthesis of cellulase by Trichoderma lignorum].
|
The induction of cellulase synthesis by lactose was studied in the resting cells of Trichoderma lignorum OM 534. The effect depended on the concentration of lactose, pH, and the age of the mycelium. The induction of the enzyme synthesis by lactose is supressed by glucose and its metabolites. The repression by glucose is partly eliminated by Cyk 3'-5'-AMP, theophylline, and coffeine. The induction of cellulase by lactose is regarded as a derepression of the synthesis of this enzyme as a result of slow assimilation of the disaccharide. The synthesis of cellulase in T. lignorum is presumed to be constitutive.
|
[Constitutive synthesis of cellulase by Trichoderma lignorum]. The induction of cellulase synthesis by lactose was studied in the resting cells of Trichoderma lignorum OM 534. The effect depended on the concentration of lactose, pH, and the age of the mycelium. The induction of the enzyme synthesis by lactose is supressed by glucose and its metabolites. The repression by glucose is partly eliminated by Cyk 3'-5'-AMP, theophylline, and coffeine. The induction of cellulase by lactose is regarded as a derepression of the synthesis of this enzyme as a result of slow assimilation of the disaccharide. The synthesis of cellulase in T. lignorum is presumed to be constitutive.
|
[
0.0038780197501182556,
-0.039995938539505005,
-0.005318896844983101,
0.005924920551478863,
0.04156535491347313,
-0.061051882803440094,
-0.012296213768422604,
0.010064288042485714,
-0.08102476596832275,
0.008373752236366272,
0.007759069558233023,
-0.0841393768787384,
0.0276639387011528,
-0.023251038044691086,
-0.0013269319897517562,
-0.013991079293191433,
-0.022923847660422325,
0.04286034405231476,
-0.05904054641723633,
-0.020499954000115395,
0.05694916844367981,
-0.02833765372633934,
-0.021953731775283813,
-0.02135845646262169,
0.08051290363073349,
0.024049023166298866,
0.02355678752064705,
-0.002429973566904664,
-0.03173055127263069,
-0.16679246723651886,
0.0017650448717176914,
-0.016398632898926735,
0.006642104126513004,
-0.06446413695812225,
-0.029363662004470825,
-0.010696765966713428,
-0.005861571058630943,
-0.01569405011832714,
-0.014782333746552467,
0.040147360414266586,
-0.0007449847180396318,
0.03831048682332039,
-0.00957825593650341,
0.027142111212015152,
-0.03539815917611122,
-0.01534680463373661,
0.01834590919315815,
0.03688352182507515,
0.05422971025109291,
-0.01716889813542366,
-0.06833459436893463,
-0.020978745073080063,
0.003141996916383505,
-0.050926074385643005,
-0.006556312553584576,
0.04486474022269249,
0.01756846345961094,
0.0700138583779335,
0.03653853014111519,
0.03779604658484459,
0.01295455452054739,
0.0007911307038739324,
-0.14030511677265167,
0.021116072311997414,
0.04068213701248169,
-0.008975631557404995,
-0.033329617232084274,
-0.02836875058710575,
0.07067717611789703,
0.07332780957221985,
-0.05645131319761276,
0.024756580591201782,
0.030684933066368103,
0.0011420311639085412,
0.07083723694086075,
-0.01763516664505005,
-0.016777366399765015,
0.06698933988809586,
0.03280079364776611,
0.03327612206339836,
0.012319300323724747,
0.024717679247260094,
-0.01952071487903595,
0.01891961321234703,
-0.05341385304927826,
-0.039097268134355545,
0.008913705125451088,
0.009431032463908195,
0.03705138713121414,
0.04674844443798065,
-0.01344393566250801,
-0.09536389261484146,
-0.05003463476896286,
0.043693117797374725,
-0.12120533734560013,
0.0020721349865198135,
-0.000051025617722189054,
0.024244830012321472,
0.018817925825715065,
0.3608674705028534,
-0.010168534703552723,
-0.003301867749541998,
-0.017848730087280273,
0.02953338995575905,
-0.04305185750126839,
-0.04848792776465416,
0.020257899537682533,
0.023483701050281525,
0.0073168003000319,
-0.00015923884348012507,
0.08057719469070435,
0.0011982767609879375,
-0.0414290688931942,
0.012869133614003658,
-0.04665028303861618,
0.00217840145342052,
0.0430123545229435,
0.04970434680581093,
-0.045611076056957245,
0.05508502945303917,
0.007444408722221851,
-0.010904582217335701,
0.01664433255791664,
0.003981652669608593,
0.06142818555235863,
0.025158898904919624,
0.011202530935406685,
0.0710725486278534,
0.08181346952915192,
-0.03593543916940689,
0.014794351533055305,
0.036983054131269455,
0.016751205548644066,
-0.0027021595742553473,
-0.0016783725004643202,
-0.04285069555044174,
0.05027371272444725,
-0.038988806307315826,
0.06581825762987137,
-0.03643473610281944,
-0.06361313164234161,
-0.07438098639249802,
-0.04512859135866165,
-0.03616373986005783,
-0.01694543845951557,
0.041331224143505096,
0.019792776554822922,
0.012614271603524685,
-0.039346300065517426,
0.028910968452692032,
-0.008108331821858883,
0.051835302263498306,
-0.0009790690382942557,
-0.0039462014101445675,
0.05079571530222893,
-0.011195235885679722,
-0.01836044155061245,
0.005968425422906876,
0.02804921381175518,
-0.0007505922112613916,
-0.09499950706958771,
0.007306210696697235,
-0.0030172679107636213,
0.09726116806268692,
0.03958544135093689,
0.0016030254773795605,
-0.03989885747432709,
0.03302821144461632,
0.0031246428843587637,
-0.0467989481985569,
-0.00515131838619709,
0.02448396570980549,
-0.05414063483476639,
0.00965870264917612,
-0.03543572872877121,
0.009132849052548409,
-0.023393526673316956,
0.024981122463941574,
0.0383179597556591,
0.010145613923668861,
0.09515603631734848,
0.012521976605057716,
0.01928076706826687,
0.010066668502986431,
-0.01468120887875557,
-0.0018774489872157574,
-0.038109298795461655,
-0.0005038513336330652,
-0.03672691062092781,
0.023859702050685883,
-0.015731584280729294,
0.033855028450489044,
-0.106486015021801,
0.010858187451958656,
-0.03612776845693588,
-0.07614964991807938,
0.029126830399036407,
0.0227882768958807,
0.03591107204556465,
0.007729214150458574,
-0.01034990418702364,
0.01771882176399231,
0.014554383233189583,
0.01078356895595789,
0.025839194655418396,
0.025692660361528397,
-0.02558891475200653,
-0.018720082938671112,
0.04054117202758789,
-0.0004401630430947989,
-0.02285202220082283,
-0.01605510152876377,
0.033689651638269424,
-0.008538500405848026,
-0.039303652942180634,
0.07803662866353989,
-0.006625700276345015,
-0.005080948118120432,
0.0628311038017273,
0.023465443402528763,
0.022962110117077827,
-0.02356552891433239,
-0.07209289819002151,
-0.2913304567337036,
-0.009860367514193058,
0.026621202006936073,
-0.05847815051674843,
0.08815698325634003,
0.004616387654095888,
-0.03806139528751373,
-0.029449522495269775,
-0.05679570138454437,
-0.0720648244023323,
0.04310000687837601,
0.04982270300388336,
-0.029991505667567253,
-0.016265716403722763,
0.006384186912328005,
0.020907867699861526,
0.0526592843234539,
-0.04273839294910431,
0.06104056164622307,
-0.008678680285811424,
0.07552285492420197,
-0.07515408098697662,
0.10510643571615219,
-0.035837844014167786,
0.017946448177099228,
-0.05514925718307495,
0.10420961678028107,
0.012704032473266125,
-0.010296914726495743,
-0.05974383279681206,
0.030999405309557915,
0.11060967296361923,
-0.015240296721458435,
-0.10016147792339325,
-0.0013879068428650498,
-0.05842572823166847,
0.00012875384709332138,
-0.07603849470615387,
-0.005425240378826857,
0.033220477402210236,
0.004052503500133753,
0.01906552165746689,
-0.038397256284952164,
-0.028127266094088554,
0.01258705835789442,
-0.04245283827185631,
0.035592976957559586,
0.11760729551315308,
0.0355379544198513,
-0.05911615118384361,
-0.007544158026576042,
0.0037914221175014973,
0.057270389050245285,
-0.03963134437799454,
0.006725352257490158,
-0.047077663242816925,
-0.04644494131207466,
0.032885316759347916,
-0.09361477196216583,
0.03746940195560455,
-0.020942606031894684,
-0.006924352142959833,
-0.03479767590761185,
0.02103462442755699,
-0.012344015762209892,
0.029119940474629402,
-0.05801376700401306,
-0.06963633000850677,
0.03529835492372513,
0.02935263328254223,
0.03348567336797714,
0.050434451550245285,
-0.006079604383558035,
-0.020763469859957695,
0.012496880255639553,
0.04249386861920357,
-0.015343665145337582,
-0.04957510530948639,
-0.09432181715965271,
0.006281018722802401,
-0.009396584704518318,
-0.020154660567641258,
0.12624485790729523,
-0.00662568211555481,
0.020869068801403046,
0.006904573179781437,
0.01415262185037136,
0.02228165976703167,
0.06012402102351189,
-0.035969607532024384,
0.005153651349246502,
0.017536455765366554,
-0.02073950506746769,
-0.012646835297346115,
0.06833053380250931,
-0.014620033092796803,
-0.28179630637168884,
-0.007596049923449755,
0.0012296399800106883,
0.01916595920920372,
0.01714388281106949,
0.05411249399185181,
0.010603026486933231,
-0.011653169058263302,
0.02668696641921997,
-0.003534311428666115,
0.0006954018608666956,
-0.013948954641819,
0.043877627700567245,
0.040072228759527206,
0.054735518991947174,
0.006691794842481613,
-0.028070196509361267,
-0.061947617679834366,
0.01427098922431469,
-0.025341732427477837,
-0.025094687938690186,
0.012672016397118568,
0.12600915133953094,
0.0817847028374672,
0.004561614710837603,
0.0855952650308609,
0.005100694485008717,
0.062023330479860306,
-0.0021140321623533964,
0.029515370726585388,
-0.00040204336983151734,
0.04791044443845749,
0.11552301049232483,
-0.02679194137454033,
0.024985296651721,
0.004620920401066542,
-0.028785768896341324,
-0.00769841019064188,
-0.020218880847096443,
0.01881391368806362,
-0.02260926179587841,
0.009474636055529118,
-0.043311264365911484,
-0.028925705701112747,
0.032495107501745224,
-0.038566507399082184,
-0.08252453058958054,
-0.04683763533830643,
-0.08721847087144852,
-0.028541050851345062,
-0.03531673923134804,
-0.047435007989406586,
0.0012204553931951523,
0.03045494854450226,
-0.03893984854221344,
0.03402480483055115,
-0.046809274703264236,
-0.012636288069188595,
-0.06665458530187607,
0.020613107830286026,
-0.022081395611166954,
0.009836236946284771,
-0.033471956849098206,
0.0832359567284584,
0.00254859053529799
] |
PMID:19685
|
[Characteristics of a new cyanophage lysing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus].
|
A new cyanophage S-2L growing on three strains of the cyanobacterium belonging to the Synechococcus genus has been isolated. The cyanophage has an icosahedral head, 56 nm in diameter, and flexible tail with a non-contracting sheath, 120 nm long. Over 95 per cent of the cyanophage particles are adsorbed within 10 min, the rate constant of adsorption being 3.2-10(-9) ml/min. The latent period lasts 5 hours, the yield is 100 particles per cell. The intracellular growth is characterized by the accumulation of the cyanophage particles at the poles of the cell. The photosynthetic lamellae remain intact up to the beginning of lysis which consists in local disruptions of the cell envelope.
|
[Characteristics of a new cyanophage lysing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus]. A new cyanophage S-2L growing on three strains of the cyanobacterium belonging to the Synechococcus genus has been isolated. The cyanophage has an icosahedral head, 56 nm in diameter, and flexible tail with a non-contracting sheath, 120 nm long. Over 95 per cent of the cyanophage particles are adsorbed within 10 min, the rate constant of adsorption being 3.2-10(-9) ml/min. The latent period lasts 5 hours, the yield is 100 particles per cell. The intracellular growth is characterized by the accumulation of the cyanophage particles at the poles of the cell. The photosynthetic lamellae remain intact up to the beginning of lysis which consists in local disruptions of the cell envelope.
|
[
-0.08102697134017944,
-0.029200797900557518,
-0.022621752694249153,
0.07331448793411255,
0.041689541190862656,
-0.004416792653501034,
0.10166237503290176,
0.009085951372981071,
-0.04544480890035629,
0.06985011696815491,
0.052056849002838135,
-0.06084349751472473,
0.012368793599307537,
-0.002270354889333248,
-0.022542081773281097,
-0.04394625499844551,
0.007343134377151728,
-0.022037779912352562,
-0.03350256383419037,
0.04093571752309799,
0.05814380943775177,
-0.04071338102221489,
-0.0216961782425642,
-0.01850414276123047,
0.04402485862374306,
-0.017807601019740105,
-0.030482156202197075,
0.01510937325656414,
-0.052871327847242355,
-0.19889244437217712,
-0.020966604351997375,
0.009533463045954704,
-0.013244079425930977,
-0.06471870094537735,
0.010584414936602116,
-0.010077672079205513,
0.007633469998836517,
-0.04229802265763283,
-0.034543849527835846,
0.08435453474521637,
0.0009174890583381057,
0.011679423972964287,
-0.046481866389513016,
0.01970065012574196,
0.04020949453115463,
-0.08168406039476395,
-0.0036110198125243187,
0.01554795354604721,
0.03881249204277992,
0.012984189204871655,
-0.005863324739038944,
-0.06694629788398743,
-0.022860396653413773,
0.025571933016180992,
-0.09170088171958923,
0.005475996993482113,
-0.0153141925111413,
0.025578541681170464,
0.07585745304822922,
-0.010717104189097881,
-0.010270891711115837,
-0.01613377034664154,
-0.10421953350305557,
0.05172005295753479,
0.032201897352933884,
0.023358697071671486,
-0.06836360692977905,
-0.06770122051239014,
0.0727345272898674,
0.012704405933618546,
-0.004580541048198938,
0.020057449117302895,
-0.0008526902529411018,
0.054386306554079056,
-0.01910516805946827,
0.041168712079524994,
-0.03798163682222366,
-0.005559098441153765,
-0.006826507858932018,
-0.024893363937735558,
-0.02657180465757847,
0.006033852230757475,
0.008877295069396496,
-0.01612796261906624,
-0.05614963173866272,
0.07434234768152237,
-0.013463336043059826,
-0.04868007078766823,
0.011615091934800148,
0.029428156092762947,
0.049258939921855927,
0.027203863486647606,
0.006250276695936918,
0.02860771305859089,
-0.07546957582235336,
-0.006712691392749548,
0.023481888696551323,
0.04753750562667847,
0.0381571389734745,
0.4014281928539276,
0.013655480928719044,
-0.00595388887450099,
0.039814118295907974,
-0.012733427807688713,
0.05852210894227028,
0.02123141661286354,
-0.011159566231071949,
-0.005541552789509296,
-0.015869559720158577,
-0.010296529158949852,
0.011120572686195374,
-0.019758088514208794,
-0.04260863736271858,
-0.029702572152018547,
0.021655447781085968,
-0.03694652020931244,
0.03709549456834793,
-0.022114643827080727,
-0.038721710443496704,
0.039614126086235046,
-0.038706403225660324,
-0.025565244257450104,
0.0197988823056221,
-0.054613154381513596,
0.060582589358091354,
0.00276766624301672,
0.014315968379378319,
-0.008595862425863743,
0.061241842806339264,
-0.02469450607895851,
0.030736759305000305,
0.06628287583589554,
-0.025812387466430664,
-0.02550462633371353,
-0.04845911264419556,
0.003183036344125867,
0.01297866739332676,
-0.023084670305252075,
0.0181344673037529,
-0.03453151881694794,
0.0023369675036519766,
-0.04307820275425911,
0.03422834351658821,
-0.08981800079345703,
-0.003671053797006607,
0.09699112921953201,
-0.03135714307427406,
-0.0006420210120268166,
-0.03568831458687782,
0.041137609630823135,
-0.026071470230817795,
0.04259764403104782,
0.03644803538918495,
0.023097625002264977,
0.03550541400909424,
0.019635841250419617,
-0.03034990280866623,
0.023128122091293335,
0.03445670008659363,
-0.003498049220070243,
-0.0462619885802269,
0.04846058413386345,
-0.0037726303562521935,
0.027000535279512405,
0.05659745633602142,
-0.08000686019659042,
0.04291032254695892,
-0.029680604115128517,
-0.00947554875165224,
0.04447052627801895,
-0.028892382979393005,
0.04725012183189392,
0.021112844347953796,
-0.04852699115872383,
-0.03237798437476158,
0.05786234512925148,
-0.04359433054924011,
0.012701818719506264,
0.02535359188914299,
0.0344960056245327,
-0.0019548574928194284,
0.04235995188355446,
0.03318287804722786,
0.04632115736603737,
-0.014547345228493214,
-0.030135292559862137,
0.02759665995836258,
0.07488560676574707,
-0.051502157002687454,
0.0308805163949728,
-0.010697943158447742,
-0.026513291522860527,
0.013716316781938076,
0.042874909937381744,
-0.011679586954414845,
-0.05526895448565483,
0.0011856163619086146,
-0.05527199059724808,
0.025899728760123253,
-0.03223033994436264,
0.09368017315864563,
-0.01911182701587677,
-0.0007975504850037396,
0.02956363558769226,
0.008738125674426556,
-0.02113950066268444,
0.06982720643281937,
0.03177732974290848,
0.05604107677936554,
-0.02224883623421192,
-0.09439422190189362,
-0.044875942170619965,
-0.06015913933515549,
0.027200013399124146,
-0.03435714915394783,
0.004476857837289572,
-0.007864461280405521,
-0.0032997229136526585,
0.04467682167887688,
0.007327408064156771,
0.03881318122148514,
-0.04201385751366615,
-0.1105586364865303,
-0.3093283474445343,
0.006536063272505999,
-0.0015383714344352484,
-0.04250697046518326,
0.09381535649299622,
-0.025149593129754066,
-0.006273370701819658,
-0.017634417861700058,
0.06409311294555664,
-0.10393024235963821,
0.07779552787542343,
0.014867316000163555,
0.009479490108788013,
-0.030856618657708168,
0.020101625472307205,
0.02178611420094967,
0.05577211454510689,
0.0101462472230196,
0.019471343606710434,
0.029960794374346733,
0.012517338618636131,
0.02341560088098049,
0.03535938635468483,
0.037814490497112274,
0.05725615844130516,
-0.018912645056843758,
0.09038609266281128,
-0.023211661726236343,
-0.003587958635762334,
-0.059567343443632126,
0.0426005981862545,
0.03507160767912865,
-0.0009552159463055432,
-0.031625617295503616,
-0.04540594667196274,
0.006303306668996811,
0.029160525649785995,
0.03149200603365898,
0.012751865200698376,
0.01169553305953741,
-0.0018146763322874904,
0.025542326271533966,
-0.011861243285238743,
-0.01187612023204565,
-0.0015399990370497108,
0.043939463794231415,
-0.0099642900750041,
0.07485753297805786,
0.017567286267876625,
-0.03981197625398636,
-0.034169234335422516,
0.01758510060608387,
0.07526209205389023,
0.022695863619446754,
0.052276384085416794,
0.03056342713534832,
-0.022774523124098778,
-0.008049746043980122,
-0.04998473823070526,
0.03392694890499115,
-0.044534847140312195,
-0.008597039617598057,
-0.020560655742883682,
-0.03522581607103348,
0.02298365905880928,
-0.003441551001742482,
-0.022969229146838188,
-0.06397544592618942,
0.06487743556499481,
-0.05069786682724953,
0.00895363837480545,
0.08819501101970673,
-0.029211629182100296,
0.035456158220767975,
-0.014549658633768559,
0.03992747142910957,
-0.008187972009181976,
-0.052342310547828674,
-0.04203006997704506,
-0.015909237787127495,
0.004794461186975241,
-0.04791339114308357,
0.058435384184122086,
-0.006865565199404955,
0.005319457501173019,
-0.0011898740194737911,
-0.04337035492062569,
-0.05190366879105568,
0.03310921788215637,
0.0008309953263960779,
-0.001577228307723999,
0.00749827129766345,
-0.02033867873251438,
0.00438309321179986,
0.020436163991689682,
0.01626049168407917,
-0.29288220405578613,
0.02695178985595703,
0.0019753132946789265,
0.03320606052875519,
-0.02496696636080742,
0.027009999379515648,
0.006352678872644901,
0.027457110583782196,
0.019182194024324417,
0.05669248849153519,
-0.04650487005710602,
-0.006786563899368048,
0.01714816503226757,
0.1034449115395546,
-0.042256586253643036,
0.03161569684743881,
0.005953469779342413,
-0.06449511647224426,
0.022342519834637642,
0.018905485048890114,
-0.010521604679524899,
-0.06405124813318253,
0.13912250101566315,
0.02892216481268406,
-0.05271078646183014,
0.020662035793066025,
-0.06274235993623734,
0.018062788993120193,
-0.054208941757678986,
-0.01168474555015564,
-0.0052591729909181595,
0.022515885531902313,
0.06343723833560944,
-0.021825144067406654,
-0.025820760056376457,
0.05631555616855621,
0.051470715552568436,
-0.060974396765232086,
0.02564006671309471,
-0.05185920000076294,
-0.00336841749958694,
-0.010827099904417992,
-0.03729020431637764,
0.009052220731973648,
0.05155991390347481,
-0.09859156608581543,
0.006174073088914156,
-0.048820797353982925,
0.009844737127423286,
0.039473533630371094,
-0.06781099736690521,
-0.02295471541583538,
0.01787496544420719,
0.03531096130609512,
-0.020871805027127266,
0.0006791272899135947,
-0.011218864470720291,
-0.008841830305755138,
-0.014952931553125381,
-0.020457357168197632,
-0.013388466089963913,
-0.06075276806950569,
-0.06075618788599968,
0.05964306369423866,
0.0187966451048851
] |
PMID:19686
|
[Chemical composition of cells of a chemostatic culture of Bacillus megaterium during exposure to an alkaline pH value].
|
The culture of Bacillus megaterium was grown under chemostat conditions at a rate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 hr-1, the growth being limited by a low content of citrate, and at alkaline pH values. Critical pH values were obtained for each growth rate: 9.6, 9.2 and 7.6, respectively. The content of protein decreased at alkaline pH, while the synthesis of total lipids, poly-beta-hydroxybutric acid and phospholipids was stimulated. Some changes were found in the ratio between polyphosphates of high molecular weight.
|
[Chemical composition of cells of a chemostatic culture of Bacillus megaterium during exposure to an alkaline pH value]. The culture of Bacillus megaterium was grown under chemostat conditions at a rate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 hr-1, the growth being limited by a low content of citrate, and at alkaline pH values. Critical pH values were obtained for each growth rate: 9.6, 9.2 and 7.6, respectively. The content of protein decreased at alkaline pH, while the synthesis of total lipids, poly-beta-hydroxybutric acid and phospholipids was stimulated. Some changes were found in the ratio between polyphosphates of high molecular weight.
|
[
-0.0033628763630986214,
0.02664520964026451,
-0.014600248076021671,
-0.02646687626838684,
0.02224879339337349,
-0.04095498472452164,
-0.002256005769595504,
0.010441980324685574,
-0.05772127956151962,
-0.030637772753834724,
0.013388071209192276,
-0.10765364021062851,
0.037716951221227646,
0.03070562519133091,
-0.018589526414871216,
-0.02825094945728779,
-0.008455570787191391,
-0.01981394737958908,
-0.00322032836265862,
-0.003923370968550444,
0.05460018292069435,
0.012783973477780819,
-0.0061926026828587055,
-0.040318530052900314,
0.04164077714085579,
-0.00415255269035697,
0.0006138915778137743,
0.008815380744636059,
-0.03523600101470947,
-0.1988251805305481,
-0.0037165929097682238,
0.006744298618286848,
0.05689708888530731,
-0.05092981830239296,
-0.013166813179850578,
0.07696715742349625,
0.04447409510612488,
-0.009563928470015526,
-0.013725017197430134,
0.06790756434202194,
0.015846703201532364,
0.05438400059938431,
0.026408933103084564,
0.024387095123529434,
-0.02616218850016594,
-0.00022087956313043833,
0.03403065726161003,
0.009636680595576763,
0.12686800956726074,
-0.007557678502053022,
-0.019192395731806755,
-0.016706636175513268,
0.06835546344518661,
0.05751090869307518,
-0.025505870580673218,
-0.07437558472156525,
0.05027134343981743,
0.03967186063528061,
0.022628406062722206,
-0.006140273995697498,
0.0093605425208807,
-0.051718395203351974,
-0.0928911343216896,
0.009869555942714214,
0.03236614912748337,
0.030142072588205338,
-0.07513509690761566,
0.008004962466657162,
0.025471163913607597,
0.05418763309717178,
-0.06881241500377655,
0.06307793408632278,
0.012201697565615177,
0.02567693218588829,
0.04482472687959671,
-0.03300788626074791,
-0.041182175278663635,
0.02972942590713501,
-0.026845671236515045,
0.02599058486521244,
-0.03499935194849968,
0.005232601426541805,
-0.026465004310011864,
0.009861803613603115,
0.0065974704921245575,
-0.012073175981640816,
0.051071375608444214,
0.008146954700350761,
0.004754160530865192,
0.06702081114053726,
0.02200695499777794,
-0.08061394840478897,
-0.029559584334492683,
0.0023154080845415592,
-0.03775960952043533,
0.05384080857038498,
0.003579784883186221,
-0.024863144382834435,
0.007905651815235615,
0.39314743876457214,
-0.0574474073946476,
-0.06469786167144775,
-0.000370446708984673,
-0.018470123410224915,
0.002991738496348262,
-0.014860951341688633,
-0.0007801165920682251,
0.00029093935154378414,
0.003016154980286956,
0.010123485699295998,
-0.03378613665699959,
0.014536496251821518,
-0.008215702138841152,
-0.043024200946092606,
-0.0335063561797142,
-0.025382542982697487,
0.07621341198682785,
-0.004307145718485117,
-0.02800726518034935,
0.027837762609124184,
0.0032878853380680084,
0.05874982476234436,
0.03451782464981079,
-0.012941810302436352,
0.016543975099921227,
0.004652258008718491,
0.000960456149186939,
0.07765786349773407,
-0.008786961436271667,
0.0078666303306818,
-0.00861088652163744,
-0.027341114357113838,
0.015016854740679264,
-0.01479721162468195,
-0.020612139254808426,
-0.03274291753768921,
0.057529766112565994,
-0.04352167621254921,
0.038399673998355865,
-0.05273732915520668,
-0.020503690466284752,
-0.030093254521489143,
-0.07072161883115768,
-0.11499467492103577,
-0.06730346381664276,
0.03224724531173706,
-0.013509459793567657,
0.07003447413444519,
0.002733156317844987,
-0.00869344174861908,
-0.03440443053841591,
-0.006300250068306923,
0.059119220823049545,
0.00606917031109333,
0.027821548283100128,
0.02548482082784176,
0.004682313185185194,
-0.01937543973326683,
0.010025937110185623,
-0.08397363126277924,
-0.04807114973664284,
-0.0036593510303646326,
0.0825762078166008,
0.07346643507480621,
0.050775203853845596,
0.007794097065925598,
-0.036051005125045776,
-0.03397997096180916,
0.0225421953946352,
-0.001932367216795683,
0.004089550580829382,
0.016520239412784576,
-0.014116737060248852,
-0.05557332560420036,
0.011836199089884758,
0.023418748751282692,
-0.005438037216663361,
0.0047179232351481915,
-0.004553159233182669,
-0.01522423792630434,
0.05834776535630226,
0.012027250602841377,
-0.020192503929138184,
0.05554605647921562,
0.012117783538997173,
-0.03626189008355141,
-0.05738414451479912,
-0.02672351896762848,
-0.03134617581963539,
0.01886599324643612,
-0.02437283843755722,
-0.015616286545991898,
-0.029052691534161568,
0.032937128096818924,
-0.036632876843214035,
-0.05549686774611473,
-0.027808157727122307,
0.019175561144948006,
-0.04572553187608719,
-0.0339965745806694,
0.08121064305305481,
-0.02693125605583191,
-0.07501652091741562,
-0.015855977311730385,
0.0339231863617897,
-0.010531033389270306,
0.053536299616098404,
0.034037794917821884,
0.03387097641825676,
0.02824524976313114,
-0.019431984052062035,
-0.052030693739652634,
-0.04782729968428612,
-0.015821730718016624,
-0.04284098744392395,
0.002436513314023614,
0.011564044281840324,
-0.014890738762915134,
0.0683654174208641,
-0.0018381840782240033,
0.1050928458571434,
0.011749029159545898,
-0.08303076028823853,
-0.2786005735397339,
0.021490372717380524,
0.02597542479634285,
-0.008019418455660343,
0.09909941256046295,
-0.009745355695486069,
0.011297566816210747,
0.021897926926612854,
-0.0007386229117400944,
-0.07876381278038025,
0.05153203010559082,
0.023533174768090248,
-0.007857601158320904,
0.0169532410800457,
-0.021744482219219208,
0.006588516756892204,
-0.0016136140329763293,
-0.011595751158893108,
0.04171009361743927,
0.02602456882596016,
0.03264415264129639,
-0.04007888212800026,
-0.005392055492848158,
0.010061878710985184,
0.07686938345432281,
-0.06333635747432709,
0.09550933539867401,
-0.027010826393961906,
-0.025326192378997803,
-0.032485995441675186,
0.03369719535112381,
0.06514809280633926,
-0.049394916743040085,
-0.0665079653263092,
-0.03680361434817314,
-0.03240178897976875,
-0.001777484081685543,
-0.013136549852788448,
-0.0173228420317173,
0.03488782048225403,
0.0016716932877898216,
-0.0006612780271098018,
-0.042810920625925064,
-0.04874588921666145,
0.03479190543293953,
-0.0241843331605196,
0.03706749901175499,
0.05929488688707352,
-0.05673401057720184,
-0.01779816672205925,
0.006212498992681503,
0.049037687480449677,
-0.06915438920259476,
-0.023194873705506325,
0.005858906079083681,
-0.027248745784163475,
0.007726171985268593,
0.02774842083454132,
-0.0550822876393795,
-0.035850994288921356,
-0.018327128142118454,
-0.037346694618463516,
-0.012717564590275288,
0.07014500349760056,
-0.06478629261255264,
-0.007283339276909828,
0.037646472454071045,
-0.009097508154809475,
0.08739959448575974,
0.004658222198486328,
0.016186809167265892,
0.06649463623762131,
0.004022329114377499,
-0.0639328807592392,
0.09101388603448868,
0.04406958818435669,
0.0125581044703722,
-0.04543168097734451,
-0.042014166712760925,
-0.037168435752391815,
-0.006066829897463322,
-0.023295633494853973,
0.0748896449804306,
-0.03340531513094902,
0.057123102247714996,
0.08292936533689499,
0.01129022054374218,
-0.04790987819433212,
0.0033255345188081264,
0.06433539092540741,
-0.0034594503231346607,
-0.021032558754086494,
-0.061669524759054184,
0.0004503707750700414,
0.04008417949080467,
0.0013537753839045763,
-0.2861272394657135,
-0.011273807846009731,
0.03669722378253937,
-0.0016363108297809958,
-0.01061860378831625,
0.05578545108437538,
-0.0027562822215259075,
-0.0010061358334496617,
0.0010662419954314828,
0.07842820882797241,
0.05354851111769676,
-0.02171265333890915,
0.04057633504271507,
0.006830672733485699,
0.008734739385545254,
0.05390872061252594,
-0.0048733302392065525,
-0.018425337970256805,
0.039580292999744415,
0.010105402208864689,
0.007963726297020912,
-0.04462970420718193,
0.14374478161334991,
-0.008075122721493244,
-0.0015000540297478437,
0.024287590757012367,
-0.021879032254219055,
0.10147228837013245,
-0.04629838466644287,
-0.018120748922228813,
0.03665916621685028,
0.03564402833580971,
0.09929484874010086,
0.011861303821206093,
-0.027747508138418198,
0.09008173644542694,
0.010444137267768383,
-0.06296123564243317,
-0.02112393081188202,
0.05049087107181549,
-0.023352783173322678,
-0.04828142374753952,
-0.06289925426244736,
-0.04817674681544304,
0.0565505288541317,
-0.048812661319971085,
-0.04665357992053032,
-0.06249632686376572,
-0.072505883872509,
-0.024388205260038376,
-0.07051508873701096,
-0.04442334547638893,
0.03958892077207565,
0.04200047254562378,
-0.01078369002789259,
0.04169348627328873,
0.0045486874878406525,
0.002517534187063575,
-0.007818503305315971,
-0.010601681657135487,
0.06343451142311096,
0.015153049491345882,
-0.0415273979306221,
0.05546928569674492,
0.028716325759887695
] |
PMID:19691
|
Syrup of ipecacuanha as an emetic in adults.
|
The emetic actions of syrup of ipecacuanha have been evaluated in 105 adult patients presenting at the emergency department of the Royal Perth Hospital with a diagnosis of accidental or intentional poisoning. The australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) formulations of the syrup were compared and gave similar overall emetic responses of 88% and 89% respectively at a dose level of 15 ml. A 30 ml dose regimen of the APF formulation gave a slightly but not significantly increased overall emetic response of 96%. There were no differences between the three groups of patients in the time taken to vomit, the duration of vomiting or the volume of stomach contents recovered.
|
Syrup of ipecacuanha as an emetic in adults. The emetic actions of syrup of ipecacuanha have been evaluated in 105 adult patients presenting at the emergency department of the Royal Perth Hospital with a diagnosis of accidental or intentional poisoning. The australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) formulations of the syrup were compared and gave similar overall emetic responses of 88% and 89% respectively at a dose level of 15 ml. A 30 ml dose regimen of the APF formulation gave a slightly but not significantly increased overall emetic response of 96%. There were no differences between the three groups of patients in the time taken to vomit, the duration of vomiting or the volume of stomach contents recovered.
|
[
-0.011625668033957481,
0.017297396436333656,
0.04806508868932724,
-0.007363022770732641,
0.04544660076498985,
0.019716758280992508,
0.07454697787761688,
0.05486996844410896,
-0.04335357993841171,
0.0039400807581841946,
-0.005529408343136311,
-0.06110313907265663,
-0.01866544969379902,
0.005932848900556564,
-0.016749447211623192,
0.07308068871498108,
0.024023273959755898,
-0.0411624051630497,
-0.013166207820177078,
0.054791439324617386,
-0.00531292287632823,
0.016887838020920753,
-0.024595627561211586,
-0.024801049381494522,
-0.011611990630626678,
0.04479378089308739,
-0.00805143266916275,
0.012998975813388824,
-0.062045346945524216,
-0.1557014435529709,
0.01915542595088482,
-0.012879722751677036,
0.04002062603831291,
-0.01710423268377781,
-0.06323932111263275,
-0.021438175812363625,
-0.03403787687420845,
0.013666898012161255,
0.01909717731177807,
0.024752290919423103,
-0.05136203393340111,
0.09062173217535019,
-0.015259139239788055,
-0.012153754942119122,
-0.03155330568552017,
-0.06349053233861923,
-0.04738429933786392,
0.003332477528601885,
0.06477193534374237,
0.017983783036470413,
0.034388765692710876,
-0.014309882186353207,
0.032157525420188904,
0.056955788284540176,
-0.03368322178721428,
-0.0268379058688879,
0.005204507149755955,
-0.03840214014053345,
-0.05159081146121025,
0.041745319962501526,
-0.001966876210644841,
0.03597692400217056,
-0.10712284594774246,
0.04283366724848747,
0.03705755993723869,
-0.038870517164468765,
-0.00004469347186386585,
0.014167800545692444,
0.07849635928869247,
0.05701853334903717,
-0.06231838837265968,
0.030804259702563286,
0.01808685064315796,
0.03798742964863777,
0.015615076757967472,
0.024961039423942566,
0.04392636939883232,
0.015148038975894451,
-0.005457011517137289,
0.02311486005783081,
0.004142990801483393,
0.03471433371305466,
-0.012351271696388721,
-0.07733765244483948,
0.03768566995859146,
-0.03627942502498627,
0.030164511874318123,
0.025430168956518173,
0.017229685559868813,
0.022271761670708656,
0.04022553935647011,
0.03807096183300018,
-0.06725472211837769,
-0.03736621513962746,
0.022850120440125465,
-0.020351113751530647,
-0.044458918273448944,
0.0008331061108037829,
0.0052143665961921215,
0.3917756676673889,
-0.00183105596806854,
0.0003050600062124431,
-0.0770828127861023,
-0.01964721828699112,
-0.040089771151542664,
-0.026356955990195274,
0.01722695678472519,
0.004979710094630718,
0.05050579458475113,
0.04401060566306114,
0.026736697182059288,
0.003810349851846695,
0.11146656423807144,
-0.013425658456981182,
0.0022184846457093954,
0.060012780129909515,
0.0191328227519989,
-0.01067165844142437,
-0.038875311613082886,
-0.0017859621439129114,
-0.024440379813313484,
0.019237380474805832,
0.055026501417160034,
-0.014179633930325508,
0.05733009800314903,
0.00041962365503422916,
0.007250727619975805,
0.09091927111148834,
0.0382675975561142,
0.03450263291597366,
0.009311139583587646,
-0.05119648948311806,
0.03387202322483063,
0.0026836751494556665,
-0.0027276910841464996,
0.00294077442958951,
0.08022911846637726,
0.029550110921263695,
0.014109768904745579,
0.04678966850042343,
-0.0061708237044513226,
-0.06015969067811966,
-0.031442686915397644,
-0.07902558147907257,
-0.10350625216960907,
0.08895164728164673,
0.055165063589811325,
-0.02468118630349636,
0.0023162849247455597,
0.016569964587688446,
-0.05395635962486267,
-0.016490204259753227,
-0.021152473986148834,
0.04632812365889549,
-0.058308929204940796,
0.05404936894774437,
0.028724510222673416,
-0.00583274383097887,
0.01999068073928356,
0.018938614055514336,
-0.0061671072617173195,
-0.012252956628799438,
-0.03547627478837967,
0.054797619581222534,
-0.07010389864444733,
-0.05073511227965355,
-0.03742199391126633,
-0.012308384291827679,
-0.024078423157334328,
-0.012420431710779667,
0.027780650183558464,
0.007243247237056494,
-0.010222704149782658,
0.03413740172982216,
0.004678023979067802,
0.022602299228310585,
0.0555325411260128,
-0.019705168902873993,
0.055876724421978,
0.020774977281689644,
0.04179946333169937,
0.01360164862126112,
0.06575673073530197,
0.01891065388917923,
-0.014797020703554153,
-0.021544719114899635,
0.023202966898679733,
0.035604171454906464,
0.08234581351280212,
-0.019985126331448555,
-0.025324715301394463,
-0.012635313905775547,
-0.06663864105939865,
0.07432661950588226,
-0.04187854006886482,
-0.06274890154600143,
-0.05980464443564415,
-0.0047549596056342125,
0.03918716311454773,
0.019382590427994728,
0.05624641850590706,
0.06119988486170769,
0.04296198487281799,
0.04371778294444084,
0.07713066041469574,
0.03175502270460129,
-0.004323860630393028,
0.025061728432774544,
-0.03183024004101753,
0.014753037132322788,
-0.025804996490478516,
0.05686809867620468,
0.023339685052633286,
0.02359696663916111,
-0.0020886368583887815,
0.07313179224729538,
-0.0002039261453319341,
0.01785268634557724,
0.05615407973527908,
-0.0005877932417206466,
0.009765231981873512,
-0.03713880851864815,
0.005825251340866089,
-0.32099148631095886,
-0.03199389949440956,
0.011928672902286053,
-0.02039574645459652,
0.04378082603216171,
-0.03236346319317818,
0.019102055579423904,
-0.0348561629652977,
0.018594518303871155,
-0.05027345195412636,
0.036456815898418427,
0.06426224857568741,
0.03995349630713463,
0.003152043092995882,
0.03958195447921753,
0.04118536785244942,
0.00747778732329607,
-0.011673360131680965,
0.011943839490413666,
0.05023152008652687,
-0.046941857784986496,
0.023108115419745445,
0.025974411517381668,
0.011351071298122406,
0.03192456066608429,
-0.022939596325159073,
0.10857618600130081,
0.010405515320599079,
-0.039497196674346924,
-0.07545148581266403,
0.004995365627110004,
0.03130929917097092,
0.036191150546073914,
-0.07750426977872849,
0.04591911658644676,
-0.08370104432106018,
-0.0063257599249482155,
0.002131948247551918,
-0.046450018882751465,
-0.02872905693948269,
-0.030240744352340698,
-0.003923519980162382,
0.05297941341996193,
-0.08110076934099197,
-0.0594775453209877,
-0.0095100412145257,
-0.012846498750150204,
0.008845891803503036,
-0.084034763276577,
0.006363358348608017,
0.026168817654252052,
0.0384957492351532,
-0.022431200370192528,
0.03815852105617523,
-0.06953082233667374,
-0.027137693017721176,
-0.06980665028095245,
-0.004998195916414261,
-0.0666218027472496,
-0.004835453815758228,
0.008883769623935223,
-0.008680379949510098,
0.04252299293875694,
-0.010496433824300766,
-0.03977096825838089,
-0.003580427495762706,
0.015320394188165665,
0.0027553089894354343,
0.06225326657295227,
0.056836601346731186,
-0.03459176793694496,
0.1441023200750351,
-0.07209137082099915,
-0.017152439802885056,
0.010719033889472485,
0.02794150449335575,
0.013809389434754848,
-0.03401954844594002,
-0.11584387719631195,
0.03919687122106552,
-0.07880396395921707,
0.005393306724727154,
-0.014169616624712944,
0.0038364091888070107,
-0.07233279198408127,
-0.03210034221410751,
0.00160364736802876,
-0.04382145404815674,
0.011309299618005753,
-0.028918249532580376,
0.014790140092372894,
0.02504505217075348,
-0.0639093667268753,
-0.002766475547105074,
-0.050309594720602036,
0.05957786366343498,
-0.28770267963409424,
0.05260308459401131,
-0.020833976566791534,
0.0003346065350342542,
-0.0024942285381257534,
0.005629051011055708,
0.0420762337744236,
-0.033899933099746704,
-0.024827534332871437,
0.021268781274557114,
0.020173436030745506,
0.002127749612554908,
0.09418114274740219,
0.015584398061037064,
0.01129857450723648,
-0.008402078412473202,
0.006725075654685497,
-0.006297632120549679,
0.03252411261200905,
-0.05451998859643936,
-0.03564755618572235,
-0.041806671768426895,
0.11824694275856018,
0.029280811548233032,
-0.0740598738193512,
0.012539247050881386,
0.025589030236005783,
-0.013712785206735134,
0.011609583161771297,
-0.019165441393852234,
-0.00043753167847171426,
0.013977049849927425,
0.06687691062688828,
-0.060572974383831024,
0.029884791001677513,
-0.047929536551237106,
-0.04473191127181053,
-0.016695328056812286,
-0.028463318943977356,
-0.009853459894657135,
-0.05066633224487305,
-0.007877151481807232,
-0.04317999631166458,
-0.055720627307891846,
-0.007270799484103918,
-0.00532102957367897,
-0.0448482371866703,
-0.04738156870007515,
-0.05695672705769539,
-0.015259353443980217,
-0.012262553907930851,
-0.05287734791636467,
0.006801972631365061,
0.00856279581785202,
0.04195253923535347,
-0.024449018761515617,
-0.03949901834130287,
-0.02833614870905876,
-0.03772006928920746,
-0.022456824779510498,
-0.00913435872644186,
0.018319446593523026,
-0.0033315904438495636,
0.07667157799005508,
-0.017671549692749977
] |
PMID:19688
|
Are the effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs on hyperactive children really paradoxical?
|
The improved "attention" exhibited by hyperactive children treated with amphetamine-like compounds is postulated to be related to a normal action of these drugs in producing stereotyped behavior. Such activity can be conceptualised as an increased "focusing" of attention, which would be expected to aid performance in tasks involving sustained concentration of attention, but impair performance on tasks involving reversals in cognitive strategy. These behavioural actions of the drugs can be linked to the functioning of central dopaminergic mechanisms.
|
Are the effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs on hyperactive children really paradoxical? The improved "attention" exhibited by hyperactive children treated with amphetamine-like compounds is postulated to be related to a normal action of these drugs in producing stereotyped behavior. Such activity can be conceptualised as an increased "focusing" of attention, which would be expected to aid performance in tasks involving sustained concentration of attention, but impair performance on tasks involving reversals in cognitive strategy. These behavioural actions of the drugs can be linked to the functioning of central dopaminergic mechanisms.
|
[
0.01011231541633606,
-0.023341095075011253,
0.06470786035060883,
0.030722850933670998,
-0.05177883431315422,
0.04857761412858963,
0.08768332004547119,
0.054935481399297714,
-0.03299025073647499,
-0.03621136024594307,
0.04570038616657257,
0.019954219460487366,
0.04819798842072487,
0.09042242169380188,
0.020029528066515923,
0.0643685981631279,
-0.009268436580896378,
-0.00887258443981409,
-0.017380788922309875,
-0.054111238569021225,
-0.024994540959596634,
0.01484204176813364,
0.05320551618933678,
-0.004043628461658955,
-0.020154371857643127,
-0.007462416775524616,
-0.045396868139505386,
-0.0017029024893417954,
-0.052379071712493896,
-0.16868576407432556,
0.044532425701618195,
0.042567335069179535,
0.015445739030838013,
-0.042434677481651306,
-0.038011930882930756,
0.015225591138005257,
0.00755778793245554,
0.045489631593227386,
-0.0006695903721265495,
0.044893477112054825,
-0.000970449298620224,
0.05433034524321556,
-0.05409141257405281,
0.007771508768200874,
-0.05236929655075073,
0.03624577447772026,
-0.07270362228155136,
-0.04167040064930916,
0.04531560465693474,
-0.08178746700286865,
0.0024602829944342375,
-0.08229386061429977,
0.023532887920737267,
0.04087115079164505,
0.05145871639251709,
0.019222285598516464,
0.040134355425834656,
-0.004530297592282295,
0.02207167260348797,
0.022928815335035324,
-0.007055060938000679,
0.09281449019908905,
-0.08909554779529572,
0.00402473658323288,
0.04625151678919792,
-0.008401832543313503,
-0.05838227644562721,
-0.040407389402389526,
0.035587698221206665,
0.03406365215778351,
-0.040920574218034744,
-0.008238233625888824,
-0.004852720070630312,
0.010235220193862915,
0.013100918382406235,
-0.041087694466114044,
-0.07004404813051224,
-0.04380851611495018,
0.022835679352283478,
-0.05994822829961777,
0.05199562385678291,
-0.030721142888069153,
-0.00046776788076385856,
-0.04974767193198204,
0.03198198601603508,
-0.02416945993900299,
-0.02912979945540428,
-0.04157843440771103,
0.008765054866671562,
-0.04347735270857811,
-0.05329955741763115,
-0.013547344133257866,
0.00454665906727314,
-0.08438015729188919,
0.015798063948750496,
0.038068752735853195,
-0.020997410640120506,
-0.03885969519615173,
-0.032522052526474,
0.3759150803089142,
-0.012684703804552555,
0.02030668407678604,
0.006643302273005247,
0.01688571646809578,
-0.0013248397735878825,
-0.00856786873191595,
0.0337241068482399,
-0.034536004066467285,
-0.03903195261955261,
0.03524698317050934,
0.04154333844780922,
-0.031456250697374344,
0.08029200881719589,
0.025784039869904518,
-0.0038827566895633936,
0.01351429894566536,
0.04034571722149849,
0.018457066267728806,
0.014690583571791649,
-0.04830567538738251,
-0.00487833796069026,
0.0567774660885334,
0.021013716235756874,
-0.032241664826869965,
0.005315771326422691,
-0.027118615806102753,
-0.018242863938212395,
0.10878238826990128,
-0.007105199154466391,
-0.028446322306990623,
0.050331175327301025,
-0.01400365773588419,
-0.00010502053919481114,
0.04005943238735199,
0.009443921968340874,
0.009862017817795277,
0.03925376012921333,
-0.00530566181987524,
0.05506438761949539,
0.04393387958407402,
0.00349251925945282,
0.022433193400502205,
-0.005633647087961435,
-0.06095577031373978,
-0.01014135405421257,
0.07048293203115463,
0.030164364725351334,
-0.014132935553789139,
0.005330674350261688,
0.09178458154201508,
-0.03347953036427498,
0.050522755831480026,
-0.003163403831422329,
-0.002414294285699725,
-0.06961816549301147,
0.0036357915960252285,
0.031563982367515564,
0.014595897868275642,
0.00848957896232605,
-0.013266653753817081,
-0.07821134477853775,
0.02069663815200329,
-0.03202665224671364,
0.11474383622407913,
-0.026555083692073822,
0.0452461838722229,
-0.06931499391794205,
-0.05255521461367607,
-0.05801500007510185,
-0.0299492459744215,
-0.012336820363998413,
0.0070817903615534306,
-0.04253891110420227,
0.0582861602306366,
-0.03168649226427078,
-0.021299993619322777,
-0.009815962053835392,
0.04236193373799324,
-0.01777997426688671,
-0.04313887283205986,
0.06693177670240402,
-0.07746023684740067,
0.006232784129679203,
-0.009529064409434795,
0.012518273666501045,
-0.010011367499828339,
0.020001137629151344,
-0.007183717098087072,
0.05140172690153122,
0.02700386755168438,
-0.02182234637439251,
-0.022096408531069756,
-0.08811140805482864,
-0.049281489104032516,
0.0027934210374951363,
-0.02923295646905899,
-0.03434258699417114,
-0.0009524595807306468,
-0.01866883412003517,
0.016659317538142204,
0.03154350444674492,
0.03900241479277611,
0.0017257261788472533,
0.06916558742523193,
-0.0030744827818125486,
0.050125718116760254,
-0.02633952535688877,
0.009935146197676659,
0.08864323049783707,
-0.02693864144384861,
-0.03457978367805481,
0.026215508580207825,
0.007960759103298187,
-0.01820683851838112,
-0.050505347549915314,
-0.012544864788651466,
-0.026564354076981544,
0.019840626046061516,
-0.025453666225075722,
-0.0015121429460123181,
-0.006220327690243721,
-0.010225929319858551,
-0.00209855567663908,
-0.3037738502025604,
-0.03817005082964897,
0.011410689912736416,
0.009306597523391247,
0.010570297949016094,
-0.0027883206494152546,
-0.009800908155739307,
0.012596627697348595,
0.03894414007663727,
0.004818941932171583,
0.015793852508068085,
0.05436559394001961,
-0.04977907985448837,
-0.0037853005342185497,
-0.009726259857416153,
-0.00441536121070385,
-0.033551011234521866,
-0.04306114837527275,
0.022258473560214043,
-0.02412460185587406,
0.004331117030233145,
0.041060954332351685,
0.001490253023803234,
-0.03278614580631256,
0.022652555257081985,
-0.05181020870804787,
0.11343619227409363,
0.044151242822408676,
0.001954284030944109,
0.0071764178574085236,
-0.03385218232870102,
0.045587215572595596,
-0.038750119507312775,
-0.12873084843158722,
-0.04464108124375343,
-0.034074511379003525,
0.019822051748633385,
-0.02153540402650833,
-0.03687818720936775,
-0.0018439257983118296,
-0.089666448533535,
0.004626249894499779,
0.0028224715497344732,
-0.025413542985916138,
-0.06968231499195099,
0.08740592747926712,
0.008679880760610104,
0.0060906619764864445,
0.012795493006706238,
0.03383782133460045,
0.05407331511378288,
0.031584203243255615,
-0.023767968639731407,
-0.025755364447832108,
-0.046385399997234344,
-0.012533438391983509,
-0.06923370808362961,
-0.02033481001853943,
-0.10828067362308502,
-0.007598052732646465,
-0.018525676801800728,
0.0051038735546171665,
0.04115406796336174,
-0.04437682777643204,
-0.0038142779376357794,
0.026530537754297256,
0.0162661150097847,
-0.06377334892749786,
-0.0018937727436423302,
0.1049133688211441,
-0.008930356241762638,
0.15116585791110992,
-0.043129872530698776,
0.04352216795086861,
0.054262809455394745,
-0.013101721182465553,
-0.0065773348324000835,
-0.02927469089627266,
0.013465016148984432,
0.05872754007577896,
-0.05998196825385094,
0.023306172341108322,
0.0216854065656662,
0.053938668221235275,
0.03694679215550423,
-0.09265096485614777,
-0.013121204450726509,
-0.03914732113480568,
0.03695996105670929,
-0.004359561484307051,
-0.015383890829980373,
0.04824269562959671,
0.006007374729961157,
-0.0438474677503109,
0.0036613591946661472,
0.07698359340429306,
-0.2572564482688904,
-0.01196273509413004,
0.015989668667316437,
0.03733764588832855,
0.010537615977227688,
0.03384525328874588,
0.025685487315058708,
-0.026985295116901398,
0.026912489905953407,
-0.0036753450985997915,
-0.001883366028778255,
0.0535128079354763,
0.027352523058652878,
0.025560393929481506,
-0.09723571687936783,
-0.017481837421655655,
0.05176690220832825,
0.030400864779949188,
0.05225762724876404,
0.027669182047247887,
0.021641043946146965,
0.08404163271188736,
0.15298748016357422,
0.028788330033421516,
0.02913726307451725,
-0.04337316378951073,
-0.03639760613441467,
0.016131969168782234,
-0.033252134919166565,
-0.035567425191402435,
-0.020413337275385857,
-0.004911768715828657,
0.08434060961008072,
0.022130265831947327,
0.027478188276290894,
-0.04911714419722557,
-0.024020424112677574,
-0.0004843442002311349,
-0.007486374117434025,
0.01476990431547165,
0.00024061830481514335,
0.03027915582060814,
-0.05417287349700928,
-0.016614077612757683,
0.12789304554462433,
-0.015215303748846054,
-0.006445002742111683,
-0.09082841873168945,
-0.03448256477713585,
0.010782177560031414,
-0.03998751565814018,
-0.023513836786150932,
-0.04155382513999939,
0.035327665507793427,
0.03130726143717766,
-0.013204534538090229,
-0.013021420687437057,
-0.017073139548301697,
0.06809349358081818,
0.015649722889065742,
-0.028180833905935287,
0.030793476849794388,
0.024649789556860924,
0.05650198459625244,
0.0050212303176522255
] |
PMID:19693
|
The firA gene, a locus involved in the expression of rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli. II. Characterisation of bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages.
|
The firA gene probably codes for an essential component of the transcription machinery in E. coli. Bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages have been examined after infection of a UV-irradiated lambda lysogen, and 2 major fir-specific proteins have been characterized. The larger protein has a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. The smaller protein, of 17,000 daltons, is produced in a considerable molar excess over the larger protein, is basic and binds strongly to DNA-, to DEAE- and to phospho-cellulose. This protein is clearly visible upon 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of unfractionated E. coli protein, showing that it is present in the cell in large quantities. Evidence is presented to suggest that this protein may be identical to the Kappa factor of Schäfer and Zillig (1973).
|
The firA gene, a locus involved in the expression of rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli. II. Characterisation of bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages. The firA gene probably codes for an essential component of the transcription machinery in E. coli. Bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages have been examined after infection of a UV-irradiated lambda lysogen, and 2 major fir-specific proteins have been characterized. The larger protein has a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. The smaller protein, of 17,000 daltons, is produced in a considerable molar excess over the larger protein, is basic and binds strongly to DNA-, to DEAE- and to phospho-cellulose. This protein is clearly visible upon 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of unfractionated E. coli protein, showing that it is present in the cell in large quantities. Evidence is presented to suggest that this protein may be identical to the Kappa factor of Schäfer and Zillig (1973).
|
[
-0.09462614357471466,
-0.027556302025914192,
-0.04620347172021866,
-0.007531787734478712,
0.06628850102424622,
-0.039188191294670105,
0.08453787863254547,
0.057791128754615784,
-0.014282605610787868,
0.03481195867061615,
0.007998190820217133,
-0.0758739560842514,
-0.014366604387760162,
-0.036494169384241104,
-0.0002425792918074876,
0.007646594662219286,
-0.04374225437641144,
0.02934945933520794,
-0.04819595441222191,
0.020282456651329994,
0.06674835085868835,
-0.026229744777083397,
0.014528986066579819,
-0.017707493156194687,
0.027330860495567322,
0.029454074800014496,
-0.011740969493985176,
-0.015415665693581104,
-0.04289496690034866,
-0.21395854651927948,
-0.016472330316901207,
-0.024977287277579308,
0.07706420868635178,
-0.030563468113541603,
-0.015491588041186333,
-0.022684387862682343,
-0.011119414120912552,
-0.03561968356370926,
-0.053309716284275055,
0.006630422547459602,
0.04461183398962021,
0.0390087254345417,
-0.018166350200772285,
0.005899283569306135,
0.03237242251634598,
-0.049544163048267365,
-0.03559276461601257,
0.022366691380739212,
0.01717863231897354,
0.009910683147609234,
0.007533148862421513,
-0.052090685814619064,
0.017931103706359863,
0.07908154278993607,
0.016247959807515144,
-0.0010993847390636802,
0.038558077067136765,
-0.008514911867678165,
0.008503200486302376,
0.055041003972291946,
0.0007560386438854039,
0.046361133456230164,
-0.10381164401769638,
0.04571429267525673,
0.056343432515859604,
0.007580630946904421,
-0.024557173252105713,
-0.08108989894390106,
0.06907033175230026,
0.05555973947048187,
-0.04212893173098564,
0.04065661132335663,
-0.04020818695425987,
0.03997225686907768,
0.08719674497842789,
-0.0007774181431159377,
0.012346559204161167,
0.009973415173590183,
0.05496438592672348,
-0.010952034965157509,
-0.0017127972096204758,
0.02371431514620781,
0.0429832823574543,
-0.023334207013249397,
-0.029328210279345512,
0.009073806926608086,
0.040626801550388336,
0.019243841990828514,
-0.0024383580312132835,
0.05873106047511101,
-0.03982498496770859,
-0.015091064386069775,
0.02698429487645626,
0.00038203789154067636,
-0.06464537233114243,
-0.00512899411842227,
-0.009312336333096027,
0.013473724946379662,
-0.0010912034194916487,
0.36483433842658997,
-0.07334897667169571,
-0.012032494880259037,
0.007004657760262489,
0.02428838610649109,
0.014781654812395573,
0.015125210396945477,
0.026443542912602425,
0.019848249852657318,
0.009602216072380543,
0.029367730021476746,
0.020981183275580406,
0.009595729410648346,
-0.015269637107849121,
-0.012215700000524521,
-0.02764623798429966,
-0.03288834169507027,
-0.03315591812133789,
0.04451030492782593,
-0.08711720257997513,
0.06329314410686493,
-0.020892368629574776,
0.009404279291629791,
0.009819391183555126,
0.002836797386407852,
0.044351380318403244,
0.011105491779744625,
-0.04896878823637962,
0.11291620880365372,
0.03898866847157478,
-0.009876035153865814,
0.024651238694787025,
0.02205037511885166,
-0.0406465046107769,
0.0426262691617012,
0.019841814413666725,
-0.029351351782679558,
-0.011020094156265259,
-0.03655242547392845,
0.008117198944091797,
0.000565859314519912,
0.02305418811738491,
-0.04861870035529137,
-0.036660272628068924,
0.02044185809791088,
-0.09812787920236588,
0.03401165455579758,
-0.05536452680826187,
0.023076580837368965,
-0.059351008385419846,
0.0006617152830585837,
0.016140591353178024,
0.07958627492189407,
0.0077070132829248905,
-0.04502783343195915,
0.02154327556490898,
0.02561197057366371,
0.04134355112910271,
-0.013531787320971489,
0.040921419858932495,
-0.017688218504190445,
-0.02843782678246498,
0.010070905089378357,
0.018226735293865204,
0.024911167100071907,
-0.038039930164813995,
-0.06291628628969193,
-0.001205379026941955,
0.021521231159567833,
0.018592147156596184,
-0.006376571021974087,
0.002665542997419834,
0.005002019461244345,
-0.035934027284383774,
-0.052483923733234406,
-0.06920717656612396,
0.0015982870245352387,
-0.01396670751273632,
0.009352858178317547,
-0.0021152959670871496,
0.028781622648239136,
0.011625135317444801,
-0.09971963614225388,
0.001694503123871982,
0.037746306508779526,
0.023731157183647156,
-0.024981612339615822,
-0.056102171540260315,
0.018505556508898735,
-0.05536287650465965,
-0.031388428062200546,
-0.009206702001392841,
0.06674043834209442,
-0.06668467819690704,
0.03273149952292442,
-0.014824772253632545,
-0.021891914308071136,
-0.01332952082157135,
0.0951802134513855,
-0.014649620279669762,
-0.019657419994473457,
0.087846539914608,
0.051804348826408386,
-0.006972943432629108,
-0.049905892461538315,
-0.007989020086824894,
-0.03573084622621536,
0.02566962130367756,
0.008225623518228531,
-0.010585440322756767,
-0.013999147340655327,
-0.03163040429353714,
0.02685234509408474,
-0.07092683017253876,
-0.052678126841783524,
-0.0730418711900711,
0.044579681009054184,
0.01827242039144039,
0.06306394189596176,
0.05083601921796799,
-0.0182179044932127,
0.034790974110364914,
-0.06935180723667145,
-0.0448230542242527,
-0.3154224455356598,
0.019562004134058952,
-0.01879369467496872,
-0.010574880987405777,
-0.004013055469840765,
-0.0368669331073761,
-0.00907120481133461,
0.06256160885095596,
0.013715064153075218,
-0.009082767181098461,
0.05303805693984032,
0.05685989186167717,
-0.043598998337984085,
-0.061218101531267166,
-0.05309424549341202,
0.053443245589733124,
0.018819617107510567,
-0.037255898118019104,
-0.02369767054915428,
0.06813368201255798,
-0.021889561787247658,
0.038590207695961,
0.061672210693359375,
0.051537446677684784,
-0.026413707062602043,
0.014277691952884197,
0.12116668373346329,
0.01860872469842434,
0.050584129989147186,
0.017243465408682823,
-0.010372068732976913,
0.043643008917570114,
-0.06798190623521805,
-0.043587442487478256,
0.008335378021001816,
-0.020836608484387398,
-0.010710199363529682,
-0.02330264262855053,
0.06883761286735535,
-0.00014636246487498283,
0.04321000725030899,
0.03398539870977402,
-0.045682717114686966,
-0.014892141334712505,
0.01572512276470661,
-0.08538994938135147,
0.04354463517665863,
0.01928788796067238,
0.0055614965967834,
-0.01275049801915884,
-0.010705478489398956,
-0.007854918949306011,
0.00402405858039856,
0.0969051793217659,
0.03816945105791092,
-0.0009362295386381447,
-0.015312259085476398,
0.0006489083170890808,
-0.04673053324222565,
-0.014703960157930851,
0.015558826737105846,
-0.02397015132009983,
-0.0259082168340683,
-0.003227480687201023,
0.01624995656311512,
-0.013984077610075474,
-0.02163856104016304,
0.04374270513653755,
0.062450140714645386,
-0.014016545377671719,
-0.03433854505419731,
0.09389712661504745,
-0.01713637076318264,
0.02192539907991886,
0.07369799166917801,
0.048513464629650116,
-0.020177023485302925,
-0.0902794897556305,
-0.06650080531835556,
0.017922962084412575,
0.03190774843096733,
-0.05974597856402397,
0.026607651263475418,
-0.04828786477446556,
0.028963260352611542,
0.004362098407000303,
0.046020135283470154,
0.007892929017543793,
0.007520370651036501,
0.0782046765089035,
0.004986031446605921,
-0.02448973059654236,
0.04710719361901283,
-0.03679218515753746,
-0.003184623084962368,
-0.012460189871490002,
-0.2809515595436096,
0.010544492863118649,
0.046502210199832916,
0.0395972803235054,
-0.02116977609694004,
0.026153823360800743,
0.020892348140478134,
-0.07882928103208542,
0.026265528053045273,
0.0014016043860465288,
-0.008192488923668861,
0.021349117159843445,
0.09085008502006531,
0.06605380773544312,
0.039558786898851395,
0.034783221781253815,
0.03518221527338028,
0.002851819386705756,
0.024443743750452995,
0.03115141950547695,
-0.0022769251372665167,
0.009086432866752148,
0.13717599213123322,
-0.020218096673488617,
-0.00522735808044672,
-0.029764462262392044,
-0.049895111471414566,
0.0025954104494303465,
-0.026163320988416672,
-0.0062890127301216125,
0.032199352979660034,
0.04526424780488014,
0.08231305330991745,
0.0005379845970310271,
-0.006570369470864534,
-0.021410685032606125,
0.028988869860768318,
0.005985199473798275,
0.0038718096911907196,
-0.002763266209512949,
-0.017869869247078896,
-0.018811067566275597,
-0.08743292838335037,
-0.05705580487847328,
0.04249852895736694,
-0.017747119069099426,
-0.04520238935947418,
-0.0884273573756218,
-0.03829708322882652,
0.0013274260563775897,
-0.06989815086126328,
0.07921042293310165,
0.005398678593337536,
-0.05080290138721466,
-0.031464189291000366,
-0.009706306271255016,
-0.04035608097910881,
-0.013758647255599499,
-0.04227157682180405,
-0.0630042552947998,
0.013395046815276146,
-0.015315470285713673,
-0.08431824296712875,
0.07222423702478409,
0.04668210446834564
] |
PMID:19696
|
[Pyrivate kinase deficiency. II. Biochemical studies (author's transl)].
|
Pyruvate kinase deficiency was studied biochemically in ten homozygous and seven heterozygous individuals who previously had been examined clinically and hematologically (see part I). In crude hemolysates some properties of the deficient enzymes were found to be altered. The pH optimum was shifted towards the alkaline range, and the thermal optimum was found between 17 and 27 degrees Cinstead of between 37 und 47 degrees C. The abnormal enzymes were much less stable than normal pyruvate Kinase (PK), and more susceptible to inhibition by adenosinetriphosphate. The affinity to adenosinediphosphate was normal in all cases whereas the affinity to phosphoenolpyruvate was either normal (two cases/, increased (two cases) or slightly decreased (six cases). Fructosediphosphate activated the abnormal enzymes by a factor of 1.5--18 and simultaneously transformed the sigmoidal affinity curve with phosphoenolpyruvate into the hyperbolic curve known for the normal enzyme. The consumption of glucose and the formation of lactate were higher in PK deficient erythrocytes than in normal cells but lower than in erythrocyte populations with similar reticulocyte counts. The formation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was markedly increased, whereas its breakdown was low. A close relation between the degree of reticulocytosis and the impairment of glucose metabolism was found. In patients with high reticulocyte counts, i.e. in the splenectomized patients, the highest concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate as well as a high formation and a low breakdown of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and a deficit in lactate formation were found. In heterozygotes, small increases of the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate were demonstrated. Our results support the conclusion that PK deficiency is mainly a disorder of the reticulocytes. Their metabolism grossly deteriorates within the venous sinuses of the spleen. Splenectomy improves the clinical course because this critical area of microcirculation with a highly unfavourable metabolic milieu is eliminated.
|
[Pyrivate kinase deficiency. II. Biochemical studies (author's transl)]. Pyruvate kinase deficiency was studied biochemically in ten homozygous and seven heterozygous individuals who previously had been examined clinically and hematologically (see part I). In crude hemolysates some properties of the deficient enzymes were found to be altered. The pH optimum was shifted towards the alkaline range, and the thermal optimum was found between 17 and 27 degrees Cinstead of between 37 und 47 degrees C. The abnormal enzymes were much less stable than normal pyruvate Kinase (PK), and more susceptible to inhibition by adenosinetriphosphate. The affinity to adenosinediphosphate was normal in all cases whereas the affinity to phosphoenolpyruvate was either normal (two cases/, increased (two cases) or slightly decreased (six cases). Fructosediphosphate activated the abnormal enzymes by a factor of 1.5--18 and simultaneously transformed the sigmoidal affinity curve with phosphoenolpyruvate into the hyperbolic curve known for the normal enzyme. The consumption of glucose and the formation of lactate were higher in PK deficient erythrocytes than in normal cells but lower than in erythrocyte populations with similar reticulocyte counts. The formation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was markedly increased, whereas its breakdown was low. A close relation between the degree of reticulocytosis and the impairment of glucose metabolism was found. In patients with high reticulocyte counts, i.e. in the splenectomized patients, the highest concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate as well as a high formation and a low breakdown of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and a deficit in lactate formation were found. In heterozygotes, small increases of the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate were demonstrated. Our results support the conclusion that PK deficiency is mainly a disorder of the reticulocytes. Their metabolism grossly deteriorates within the venous sinuses of the spleen. Splenectomy improves the clinical course because this critical area of microcirculation with a highly unfavourable metabolic milieu is eliminated.
|
[
-0.028246233239769936,
0.02736428566277027,
0.003635619068518281,
0.029468875378370285,
-0.027033686637878418,
-0.006945228204131126,
0.06553824245929718,
0.07300128787755966,
-0.08544085174798965,
-0.013421475887298584,
0.04137663543224335,
-0.09046745300292969,
-0.017256004735827446,
0.0572148859500885,
-0.06466447561979294,
0.02879607118666172,
-0.016124647110700607,
0.025742344558238983,
-0.11817681789398193,
-0.00022954132873564959,
-0.024770313873887062,
-0.03873788192868233,
-0.01293841004371643,
-0.025644276291131973,
0.07760567218065262,
-0.012494177557528019,
0.035139068961143494,
0.030252665281295776,
-0.07717824727296829,
-0.16055455803871155,
0.007586353924125433,
-0.005531713832169771,
0.06664738804101944,
-0.019724540412425995,
-0.02944607101380825,
0.03240407630801201,
-0.039740532636642456,
0.024661116302013397,
-0.046446625143289566,
0.03309584781527519,
0.013289288617670536,
0.018752167001366615,
0.019080305472016335,
0.028453011065721512,
0.0361579954624176,
0.029821759089827538,
-0.050314754247665405,
-0.009576440788805485,
0.07400664687156677,
0.0397811122238636,
-0.036738429218530655,
0.03905900940299034,
0.032636139541864395,
0.05117643624544144,
-0.007578261662274599,
-0.03286391496658325,
0.03953142091631889,
0.01870366744697094,
0.024841297417879105,
0.004211165010929108,
-0.06542518734931946,
0.04711234197020531,
-0.10768754035234451,
0.011296926997601986,
0.08623131364583969,
-0.05665946751832962,
-0.002710603876039386,
-0.05669214949011803,
0.037246089428663254,
-0.004963785409927368,
-0.0428437776863575,
0.06597255170345306,
0.03362433239817619,
0.01545802503824234,
-0.04574500024318695,
-0.025467524304986,
-0.046434711664915085,
-0.02757454290986061,
0.06170465424656868,
0.09119968116283417,
-0.019946718588471413,
0.001831974252127111,
-0.0233236663043499,
-0.0063829547725617886,
-0.03188282996416092,
-0.013093470595777035,
-0.015913378447294235,
-0.039850153028964996,
-0.028884675353765488,
0.008481239899992943,
0.017957419157028198,
-0.04402192682027817,
-0.02937363274395466,
0.006720406003296375,
-0.08786183595657349,
0.04470742121338844,
0.02938566915690899,
0.005253293551504612,
0.00029976043151691556,
0.4044547379016876,
0.0015326186548918486,
0.09677363932132721,
-0.016952678561210632,
0.03222912177443504,
0.0107407346367836,
-0.07404545694589615,
-0.03264564275741577,
0.028163066133856773,
-0.0013827701332047582,
0.03387676551938057,
0.044156912714242935,
0.003877018578350544,
0.01270470954477787,
0.011270630173385143,
-0.013184640556573868,
0.018621724098920822,
0.020403828471899033,
0.03897763043642044,
-0.04650479555130005,
0.04212324321269989,
0.012517271563410759,
-0.0021207507234066725,
0.00011291053669992834,
-0.0006564295035786927,
0.04869069531559944,
0.04945332184433937,
-0.04075216129422188,
0.07810135930776596,
0.0686473622918129,
0.008126458153128624,
0.05677846819162369,
0.06351984292268753,
0.014249381609261036,
-0.012775082141160965,
-0.020210182294249535,
-0.05569486692547798,
0.036323338747024536,
-0.05574876815080643,
0.020276281982660294,
0.04024101793766022,
0.019660986959934235,
-0.054186612367630005,
-0.0383785106241703,
-0.06874769181013107,
-0.0028811239171773195,
0.04681052640080452,
0.0033852779306471348,
0.057689886540174484,
-0.035414524376392365,
-0.006297669839113951,
0.039111487567424774,
0.051102038472890854,
-0.01591685600578785,
-0.009004942141473293,
0.01823326200246811,
0.04916099086403847,
-0.014190011657774448,
-0.05698792636394501,
0.05097546800971031,
-0.03005240485072136,
-0.04934423789381981,
-0.00454762252047658,
0.0027538002468645573,
0.03092344105243683,
0.02586185373365879,
0.0559985414147377,
0.012918817810714245,
-0.011245403438806534,
-0.03714601323008537,
-0.006392576266080141,
0.02743154764175415,
-0.019764544442296028,
-0.02590736746788025,
-0.07284586876630783,
-0.0021526794880628586,
-0.013571970164775848,
0.0062221623957157135,
0.018651463091373444,
0.010945269837975502,
-0.001959857763722539,
0.04971690475940704,
-0.011099242605268955,
0.00305331964045763,
-0.020383791998028755,
0.03404179960489273,
-0.04816718399524689,
-0.02327253669500351,
0.000626858789473772,
0.00748595641925931,
0.04917515069246292,
-0.03678007796406746,
-0.02127496525645256,
-0.0891316756606102,
-0.02484815940260887,
0.012243375182151794,
-0.01914313994348049,
0.026912499219179153,
-0.008468559943139553,
-0.0013506961986422539,
-0.05472893640398979,
0.14122635126113892,
0.005479681771248579,
0.0032435297034680843,
0.04223242774605751,
0.03542022779583931,
0.04503441974520683,
-0.018089180812239647,
0.03556938096880913,
0.07122211158275604,
0.012383146211504936,
-0.027146952226758003,
0.005523172672837973,
-0.06075536087155342,
0.0051483288407325745,
-0.05428400635719299,
0.01873697154223919,
-0.04106079787015915,
0.007369481958448887,
0.06043899059295654,
-0.01573679782450199,
0.0518973171710968,
-0.042127400636672974,
-0.003411689540371299,
-0.2942872643470764,
-0.029466751962900162,
0.016841450706124306,
0.008721130900084972,
0.0006479095900431275,
0.013084378093481064,
0.019271953031420708,
-0.018738722428679466,
-0.04689387232065201,
-0.0744798481464386,
0.045063938945531845,
0.08107537031173706,
-0.058678239583969116,
-0.04177999123930931,
0.03346563130617142,
0.036455679684877396,
0.04780258238315582,
-0.08181102573871613,
0.04955052211880684,
0.002239333698526025,
-0.0003673932224046439,
-0.03156419098377228,
0.05453786253929138,
0.051012855023145676,
0.07249249517917633,
-0.049022920429706573,
0.06858900934457779,
0.01158609613776207,
0.04172993823885918,
-0.11264471709728241,
0.07424253225326538,
0.05248277261853218,
-0.033490654081106186,
-0.043935470283031464,
0.002577639650553465,
-0.03051595948636532,
-0.02837059274315834,
-0.029921023175120354,
-0.037513259798288345,
-0.0524887889623642,
-0.053009819239377975,
-0.01345175039023161,
-0.06128229573369026,
-0.02829987369477749,
-0.07106723636388779,
0.01884344406425953,
-0.00608406076207757,
0.01758124679327011,
-0.013179521076381207,
0.020083118230104446,
-0.015742603689432144,
0.01713479682803154,
-0.01742956042289734,
-0.05558178201317787,
-0.008656852878630161,
-0.020185094326734543,
-0.0508735366165638,
0.04099537804722786,
-0.0688033327460289,
-0.021227851510047913,
-0.052544672042131424,
-0.05426151677966118,
-0.013669881038367748,
0.016703322529792786,
-0.0078042373061180115,
0.01927400380373001,
0.05391610413789749,
0.028950160369277,
0.08529867231845856,
0.02592138573527336,
-0.004736060276627541,
0.08713012933731079,
0.009430169127881527,
0.005291453097015619,
0.0015545206842944026,
0.024751855060458183,
-0.0030983067117631435,
-0.00507376017048955,
-0.03667133301496506,
-0.04321454465389252,
0.01755337603390217,
-0.02417084574699402,
0.03115193173289299,
0.009832877665758133,
-0.011704881675541401,
0.039207134395837784,
0.03810332715511322,
-0.031938377767801285,
0.030395908281207085,
-0.014174765907227993,
-0.044006992131471634,
-0.021195659413933754,
-0.021716883406043053,
-0.04882579296827316,
0.06311623007059097,
0.03937816619873047,
-0.2875960171222687,
0.025397351011633873,
-0.051102183759212494,
-0.03197505325078964,
0.029257304966449738,
0.028210215270519257,
0.0336637906730175,
-0.0034926498774439096,
-0.005548842716962099,
-0.002060211030766368,
0.08519084751605988,
0.004014963284134865,
0.10981032252311707,
-0.01762520521879196,
-0.015641486272215843,
-0.041976187378168106,
0.04772089049220085,
-0.028032083064317703,
0.007709118537604809,
-0.027928343042731285,
0.04902535304427147,
-0.024732591584324837,
0.1247367188334465,
-0.03183925524353981,
0.0020845050457865,
0.03331098333001137,
-0.017752928659319878,
0.07012785971164703,
-0.035737160593271255,
0.03937380015850067,
-0.03200769051909447,
0.008569254539906979,
0.012327590025961399,
0.011967623606324196,
0.01837206818163395,
0.03126120567321777,
0.024420712143182755,
-0.04820774495601654,
-0.0033105099573731422,
0.02076687291264534,
-0.0328717865049839,
-0.06871553510427475,
-0.07400161772966385,
-0.03579394891858101,
0.07198776304721832,
-0.029740717262029648,
-0.02048378437757492,
-0.03267428278923035,
0.013091842643916607,
0.0029505565762519836,
0.002499784342944622,
-0.05421816557645798,
0.015828467905521393,
0.03602290153503418,
0.05032190680503845,
-0.006408144719898701,
-0.042364638298749924,
-0.014117387123405933,
0.010554913431406021,
-0.043927278369665146,
0.010330364108085632,
-0.010979732498526573,
-0.020072635263204575,
0.08858627825975418,
-0.016821369528770447
] |
PMID:19697
|
[Preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)].
|
The preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism requires the selective use of various drugs. As in the past, Plummer's iodine therapy takes precedence. Thyrostatics or beta receptor blockers, on the other hand, are only used in selected cases. The aim of preoperative preparation is euthyroidism. It is most rapidly and safely attained with Endoiodin (prolonium iodide) or combination of Endoiodine plus beta receptor blokkers. Thyrostatics appear to be less suitable for preparation, because they have a slow onset of action. Moreover, thyrostatics lead to densifications and adhesions of the thyroid gland capsule to the surrounding tissue, so that the preparation becomes complicated. 254 patients with hyperthyroidism and decompensated toxic adenoma were surgically treated without complications as a result of preparation with Endoiodin.
|
[Preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. The preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism requires the selective use of various drugs. As in the past, Plummer's iodine therapy takes precedence. Thyrostatics or beta receptor blockers, on the other hand, are only used in selected cases. The aim of preoperative preparation is euthyroidism. It is most rapidly and safely attained with Endoiodin (prolonium iodide) or combination of Endoiodine plus beta receptor blokkers. Thyrostatics appear to be less suitable for preparation, because they have a slow onset of action. Moreover, thyrostatics lead to densifications and adhesions of the thyroid gland capsule to the surrounding tissue, so that the preparation becomes complicated. 254 patients with hyperthyroidism and decompensated toxic adenoma were surgically treated without complications as a result of preparation with Endoiodin.
|
[
0.01743939332664013,
0.027599627152085304,
0.04855411499738693,
0.0027978194411844015,
-0.01323472149670124,
0.011364314705133438,
0.022902630269527435,
0.03515325486660004,
-0.05522817373275757,
-0.013974987901747227,
-0.015688609331846237,
-0.030437640845775604,
0.009294508025050163,
0.05276133492588997,
-0.025735361501574516,
0.001060581998899579,
0.03694764897227287,
-0.019601020961999893,
-0.012560917995870113,
-0.037030573934316635,
-0.0466713085770607,
0.0048009785823524,
-0.012826330028474331,
-0.054679881781339645,
0.042264606803655624,
0.05630788579583168,
0.023370355367660522,
0.010808463208377361,
-0.020716581493616104,
-0.12202166020870209,
0.007799661252647638,
-0.040749918669462204,
-0.026311814785003662,
0.038086261600255966,
-0.047244418412446976,
-0.005722777917981148,
-0.014119855128228664,
0.010040807537734509,
-0.06346341967582703,
0.0038534943014383316,
0.059719160199165344,
-0.030935734510421753,
-0.04238743335008621,
0.04264207184314728,
-0.0006154058501124382,
0.06433606147766113,
-0.00176555709913373,
-0.05593853071331978,
0.06456492096185684,
0.005487966816872358,
0.06662824749946594,
0.008221261203289032,
-0.0006549856043420732,
0.05827845260500908,
0.026002712547779083,
-0.05574289709329605,
-0.01572389528155327,
0.023253753781318665,
0.003731392091140151,
0.05782078579068184,
0.008773015812039375,
0.018800389021635056,
-0.10065045952796936,
0.058329157531261444,
-0.001487859757617116,
0.03584713861346245,
0.06122729927301407,
-0.022997260093688965,
0.048472415655851364,
0.027541039511561394,
0.024170218035578728,
0.011702598072588444,
0.05032334476709366,
0.042081352323293686,
-0.05207151919603348,
-0.02379520982503891,
0.0033854753710329533,
-0.01784669980406761,
0.02707154117524624,
0.04451511800289154,
-0.015726137906312943,
0.014851161278784275,
-0.03362293541431427,
-0.011134518310427666,
-0.017907943576574326,
-0.057622943073511124,
0.023196149617433548,
-0.015025779604911804,
-0.01106204278767109,
-0.053409259766340256,
0.004570903722196817,
-0.031806766986846924,
0.04639657586812973,
-0.012158951722085476,
0.03721943870186806,
-0.008619451895356178,
-0.017441928386688232,
-0.012769450433552265,
-0.016415910795331,
0.3130189776420593,
0.019916199147701263,
0.027969878166913986,
-0.04116509109735489,
-0.004894903860986233,
-0.009989015758037567,
-0.006977996323257685,
-0.02265256457030773,
0.010572705417871475,
-0.016811450943350792,
0.028105244040489197,
0.07250139862298965,
-0.08927011489868164,
0.1277683675289154,
-0.033832039684057236,
-0.017964664846658707,
0.02120143733918667,
0.010564222000539303,
-0.017713280394673347,
-0.019563019275665283,
0.012530069798231125,
-0.07053463906049728,
-0.031550295650959015,
0.039914269000291824,
-0.013148786500096321,
0.0036999532021582127,
-0.023884430527687073,
0.02025182731449604,
0.05576583743095398,
0.0016860759351402521,
0.051962368190288544,
0.053241267800331116,
-0.03312250226736069,
-0.06516318768262863,
0.06643480062484741,
0.07992866635322571,
0.006056339479982853,
0.025321291759610176,
-0.11117994785308838,
0.01659191958606243,
-0.03492296487092972,
0.04232153296470642,
-0.08038446307182312,
-0.017583848908543587,
-0.05427597463130951,
0.012825344689190388,
0.10302632302045822,
-0.03886803612112999,
-0.017265236005187035,
-0.056175295263528824,
-0.025356454774737358,
-0.05140846222639084,
0.06270089745521545,
-0.051664646714925766,
0.029686739668250084,
-0.08850828558206558,
-0.025053028017282486,
-0.013413948006927967,
0.030633222311735153,
-0.03440316766500473,
0.022376954555511475,
-0.018610140308737755,
-0.021078307181596756,
-0.03684384748339653,
0.04598783701658249,
-0.041935741901397705,
-0.032108623534440994,
0.008901102468371391,
0.001957705244421959,
0.019354816526174545,
0.07887750118970871,
-0.056749410927295685,
-0.04947869852185249,
0.05793208256363869,
-0.012023731134831905,
0.05103861913084984,
0.05469992384314537,
-0.0023842095397412777,
-0.03938756883144379,
0.04152660444378853,
-0.1076231598854065,
0.037977077066898346,
-0.0109350411221385,
0.043948180973529816,
-0.003676768159493804,
0.022628961130976677,
0.0005060011171735823,
-0.024841923266649246,
0.020266039296984673,
0.017062753438949585,
-0.001270355423912406,
-0.029484612867236137,
0.005015536677092314,
-0.06711646914482117,
-0.04342114180326462,
-0.020314380526542664,
-0.03597754240036011,
-0.04576049745082855,
0.0015187112148851156,
-0.056600745767354965,
-0.0025748470798134804,
0.06493712216615677,
0.02852332592010498,
-0.0012852363288402557,
0.08839423954486847,
0.02577259950339794,
0.01077322382479906,
-0.026558957993984222,
-0.0451551154255867,
0.10263536870479584,
-0.0434374175965786,
0.0008085173321887851,
0.06872592866420746,
0.029435643926262856,
0.04178256168961525,
-0.07053615152835846,
0.02232874184846878,
-0.008438133634626865,
0.01964600756764412,
0.055316995829343796,
-0.005473763216286898,
0.05204121395945549,
-0.01361941173672676,
-0.021624024957418442,
-0.33515065908432007,
-0.042545538395643234,
-0.015199323184788227,
0.01955432817339897,
-0.001027600490488112,
-0.03813599422574043,
0.011111311614513397,
-0.039934370666742325,
-0.06815312057733536,
-0.029467443004250526,
0.029332580044865608,
0.05565445125102997,
0.021696174517273903,
-0.03055388852953911,
-0.06506273150444031,
0.06967566162347794,
0.02989039570093155,
-0.0027928699273616076,
0.06990320980548859,
-0.0007963641546666622,
-0.02031928114593029,
-0.05854864418506622,
-0.016185449436306953,
-0.0020131017081439495,
0.022915514186024666,
-0.009673195891082287,
0.05221180245280266,
-0.0024608729872852564,
0.0276194978505373,
-0.01939382776618004,
0.01863034814596176,
-0.02378123067319393,
-0.05175766721367836,
-0.06667082011699677,
0.04706704244017601,
-0.05344812199473381,
0.06578142940998077,
-0.012194067239761353,
0.05136943235993385,
-0.02467912994325161,
-0.06353398412466049,
-0.017211992293596268,
-0.06918280571699142,
-0.03343432769179344,
-0.0625457763671875,
0.0365137979388237,
-0.06497610360383987,
0.06535439938306808,
0.04446849972009659,
0.024224020540714264,
0.07215675711631775,
0.07725492864847183,
0.020931599661707878,
-0.013726319186389446,
0.05728863924741745,
0.027218488976359367,
-0.08382334560155869,
-0.050491515547037125,
-0.05074041336774826,
-0.03843911364674568,
-0.011990753002464771,
-0.018151264637708664,
0.056529708206653595,
0.04406459257006645,
-0.037178885191679,
0.03408205509185791,
0.05961095541715622,
0.0025818562135100365,
0.06930200010538101,
-0.029932722449302673,
-0.0481906495988369,
0.05088024213910103,
-0.07340194284915924,
0.03766133263707161,
0.036570996046066284,
0.03628013655543327,
-0.03475761041045189,
0.003801572835072875,
-0.013948069885373116,
0.02964792028069496,
0.036915846168994904,
0.02507554180920124,
0.0035994471982121468,
0.03615177422761917,
-0.02331414632499218,
-0.04296859726309776,
0.007291818503290415,
0.05816774442791939,
-0.04984525591135025,
0.019953429698944092,
-0.0708094984292984,
0.07568858563899994,
-0.058248262852430344,
0.04793921113014221,
-0.013078347779810429,
-0.030581830069422722,
-0.27579420804977417,
-0.005062151234596968,
0.00995491724461317,
-0.038490865379571915,
-0.022289520129561424,
-0.00958068948239088,
0.010974136181175709,
-0.022706246003508568,
-0.04472311958670616,
0.02203807607293129,
-0.01773878000676632,
-0.019602082669734955,
0.08652804791927338,
-0.0038138527888804674,
-0.01728614792227745,
-0.026610005646944046,
0.11886970698833466,
0.009366773068904877,
-0.01973193697631359,
-0.06928174942731857,
-0.014240794815123081,
-0.07033906877040863,
0.14709997177124023,
0.03472956269979477,
-0.05322554334998131,
0.10215937346220016,
0.07916110008955002,
0.04300451651215553,
0.012803970836102962,
0.012261424213647842,
0.04563505947589874,
-0.03167609125375748,
0.014341698959469795,
-0.020665859803557396,
0.0356767401099205,
0.05511031672358513,
-0.041792672127485275,
0.053772177547216415,
-0.02866358682513237,
0.027728332206606865,
-0.04761679843068123,
0.025495430454611778,
-0.005140977445989847,
-0.0029723308980464935,
0.13330861926078796,
-0.04928377643227577,
-0.03730812668800354,
-0.030101217329502106,
-0.02648683823645115,
0.005320393480360508,
-0.03803994879126549,
0.0363614596426487,
-0.02339848317205906,
0.021542590111494064,
0.02266712673008442,
-0.014540442265570164,
-0.00047412788262590766,
0.001835708157159388,
0.013602309860289097,
-0.019726110622286797,
-0.019872531294822693,
-0.026017596945166588,
-0.04558595269918442,
0.12206374853849411,
0.049501098692417145
] |
PMID:19698
|
[Hypertension and anesthesia (author's transl)].
|
Five to six millions of hypertensives live in the Federal Republic of Germany. Of these, about 70% are known to be hypertensives but only 30% are consistently treated. It is therefore not surprising that hypertension is one of the most common risk factors in patients who have to be operatively treated. The commonly approved principles of hypertensive therapy are compiled in the present study and classified with reference to the multivarious pathophysiological processes. In particular, special anesthesiologic problems are dealt with in detail. Furthermore, this paper provides the basic knowledge of the artificial fall in blood pressure under anesthetic conditions.
|
[Hypertension and anesthesia (author's transl)]. Five to six millions of hypertensives live in the Federal Republic of Germany. Of these, about 70% are known to be hypertensives but only 30% are consistently treated. It is therefore not surprising that hypertension is one of the most common risk factors in patients who have to be operatively treated. The commonly approved principles of hypertensive therapy are compiled in the present study and classified with reference to the multivarious pathophysiological processes. In particular, special anesthesiologic problems are dealt with in detail. Furthermore, this paper provides the basic knowledge of the artificial fall in blood pressure under anesthetic conditions.
|
[
0.0022614584304392338,
0.05288020893931389,
0.01842767931520939,
0.052537158131599426,
-0.03692999109625816,
-0.016086207702755928,
0.08606372028589249,
0.03936615586280823,
-0.0033611406106501818,
-0.06173005327582359,
-0.015641245990991592,
0.01152745820581913,
-0.05823912471532822,
0.04846321418881416,
-0.03700869530439377,
-0.02703690715134144,
-0.0020501259714365005,
0.023172548040747643,
-0.06033796817064285,
0.02093246579170227,
0.03955981135368347,
0.047805432230234146,
0.02922450192272663,
-0.03223693370819092,
0.005279576405882835,
-0.005676626227796078,
0.0710025355219841,
-0.029686005786061287,
-0.0459546223282814,
-0.15205040574073792,
-0.021651068702340126,
-0.012751979753375053,
0.10029079765081406,
0.002249950310215354,
0.0024711163714528084,
0.027440756559371948,
-0.056921787559986115,
0.041566152125597,
-0.006645737215876579,
0.05981161445379257,
-0.0029018735513091087,
-0.003750209929421544,
0.005405266769230366,
0.0009419481502845883,
0.032521214336156845,
0.04081398993730545,
0.0010669000912457705,
0.016684506088495255,
0.08516881614923477,
0.06849424540996552,
-0.016063574701547623,
0.054793309420347214,
0.01446605660021305,
0.0658678263425827,
0.01717172935605049,
-0.06606245040893555,
-0.007594713941216469,
0.018839087337255478,
0.013361905701458454,
0.04233219474554062,
0.01833372190594673,
0.015953583642840385,
-0.12464539706707001,
0.0314074382185936,
0.03498231619596481,
-0.06078515574336052,
-0.0014107035240158439,
-0.025662947446107864,
0.054059457033872604,
-0.017864106222987175,
-0.004969047848135233,
-0.00933179073035717,
0.0012823783326894045,
-0.0023376743774861097,
-0.05732297897338867,
-0.03454623371362686,
0.015958018600940704,
-0.006650872994214296,
-0.004821543116122484,
0.016383150592446327,
0.036028798669576645,
-0.07327914983034134,
-0.03922579810023308,
-0.028076043352484703,
-0.020049264654517174,
-0.08589161932468414,
0.07968354225158691,
-0.047806546092033386,
-0.023222696036100388,
-0.0006298653897829354,
-0.0750575140118599,
-0.044473662972450256,
0.006733607966452837,
0.0006148042739368975,
0.03387311100959778,
0.009253551252186298,
-0.04067639261484146,
0.014643507078289986,
-0.06833990663290024,
0.41481900215148926,
-0.038763247430324554,
-0.022138848900794983,
-0.01184129435569048,
0.024212107062339783,
0.017565513029694557,
-0.050503309816122055,
-0.02690780721604824,
-0.021320102736353874,
0.0349542535841465,
-0.002177966758608818,
0.057013947516679764,
-0.003806215478107333,
0.12647703289985657,
0.02437485009431839,
-0.03565413877367973,
0.03555920720100403,
0.009354891255497932,
0.02645808644592762,
0.004462866578251123,
0.022029699757695198,
-0.03886479511857033,
-0.0344683974981308,
-0.006410109344869852,
0.017930006608366966,
0.053431589156389236,
-0.06237686797976494,
0.023351101204752922,
0.041514381766319275,
0.01686335913836956,
-0.00047192786587402225,
0.06927815824747086,
0.017328666523098946,
-0.03158832713961601,
0.018321003764867783,
-0.007517851423472166,
-0.007573424838483334,
0.005490563344210386,
-0.003054526401683688,
-0.014524698257446289,
-0.055130358785390854,
0.003776996163651347,
-0.022779537364840508,
-0.026730386540293694,
-0.07420772314071655,
-0.04686009883880615,
0.09895418584346771,
0.026318710297346115,
0.015425131656229496,
-0.05298116058111191,
-0.019380388781428337,
-0.059620536863803864,
0.034176696091890335,
-0.04431682452559471,
0.021287625655531883,
0.026537341997027397,
0.002768660429865122,
0.009886913001537323,
0.03897645324468613,
-0.05816202238202095,
0.018621765077114105,
-0.04871019348502159,
-0.024850305169820786,
-0.0499086007475853,
0.12215659767389297,
0.05792655795812607,
-0.01252919901162386,
-0.0006697528879158199,
0.005187057889997959,
0.07341065257787704,
0.03626969829201698,
0.0007589858723804355,
-0.022924194112420082,
0.023922476917505264,
0.011150523088872433,
0.028917009010910988,
0.013521824032068253,
0.0034109526313841343,
-0.03155849501490593,
-0.016614943742752075,
-0.024264123290777206,
0.03569965809583664,
0.0021872548386454582,
-0.007692488841712475,
0.03914714977145195,
-0.01724390499293804,
0.0063041988760232925,
-0.05766473338007927,
0.0017336411401629448,
-0.0135969752445817,
0.06317970156669617,
-0.04559985548257828,
0.0018769156886264682,
-0.06255791336297989,
-0.004877513740211725,
0.05504712834954262,
-0.014163175597786903,
-0.06516654789447784,
0.0027868198230862617,
-0.044581979513168335,
0.02809620089828968,
0.026156514883041382,
-0.018325110897421837,
-0.02863939292728901,
0.012465354055166245,
0.04203036054968834,
0.017636936157941818,
-0.0037321485579013824,
0.0068487501703202724,
0.013809380121529102,
-0.015040944330394268,
0.017348816618323326,
0.04200197011232376,
0.027529040351510048,
0.045913711190223694,
-0.010045073926448822,
-0.01467845682054758,
-0.07926392555236816,
0.028290579095482826,
-0.0016126922564581037,
-0.00849069468677044,
0.08880279958248138,
0.010551613755524158,
0.04265597090125084,
-0.32719606161117554,
0.015365694649517536,
-0.02889532595872879,
-0.03380827233195305,
0.0006677578785456717,
0.00056190270697698,
0.03250562772154808,
-0.0705171525478363,
-0.05499846860766411,
-0.018169017508625984,
0.045433409512043,
-0.018006132915616035,
-0.04191138967871666,
0.007077996153384447,
0.028341781347990036,
0.038426730781793594,
0.039510514587163925,
-0.05437244102358818,
-0.0271303728222847,
0.02831895835697651,
0.0509798564016819,
0.01784265786409378,
-0.02422606572508812,
0.04257525876164436,
-0.023628100752830505,
-0.05841512605547905,
0.06833010166883469,
-0.0787341520190239,
0.030259812250733376,
0.022619908675551414,
0.02601340226829052,
0.014434351585805416,
0.015609531663358212,
-0.13321036100387573,
0.01402735710144043,
-0.022224776446819305,
0.024572454392910004,
0.013766851276159286,
0.0023405596148222685,
-0.00036462556454353034,
-0.068947933614254,
-0.004088145215064287,
-0.02801932394504547,
0.08347480744123459,
-0.06881663203239441,
-0.010840080678462982,
0.002695924835279584,
-0.011919395998120308,
-0.08070214837789536,
0.002000878332182765,
0.03563608229160309,
0.026220811530947685,
-0.026523444801568985,
-0.012198011390864849,
0.08131735771894455,
-0.03507085517048836,
-0.09626410156488419,
-0.005687650293111801,
-0.03846423700451851,
-0.031177563592791557,
0.015150720253586769,
0.01698373071849346,
0.05012774467468262,
-0.004584117792546749,
-0.031260497868061066,
0.03866545483469963,
0.017006883397698402,
0.045823127031326294,
0.06110184267163277,
-0.00022272614296525717,
-0.080348439514637,
0.11839728057384491,
-0.0173588078469038,
-0.01824100688099861,
0.05518128350377083,
0.002475004643201828,
0.01673823781311512,
0.005765920504927635,
0.011976972222328186,
0.02503049373626709,
0.022011302411556244,
-0.02290947549045086,
0.032637473195791245,
0.045238375663757324,
0.01776450127363205,
-0.055374253541231155,
0.023585179820656776,
0.003366847988218069,
0.010601304471492767,
0.004785907454788685,
-0.03284493833780289,
-0.024901345372200012,
-0.04788699001073837,
-0.009037218987941742,
0.008732541464269161,
0.03742445632815361,
-0.28015726804733276,
-0.050966039299964905,
0.03695215657353401,
0.02427957020699978,
-0.03264487907290459,
-0.009484968148171902,
-0.05887248367071152,
-0.05767202377319336,
0.01843566820025444,
-0.017263345420360565,
-0.06922939419746399,
0.032003019005060196,
0.03538434952497482,
0.041633717715740204,
-0.018763205036520958,
-0.005720019340515137,
0.05327306315302849,
-0.010336356237530708,
0.05315801128745079,
-0.04400314763188362,
0.004044491797685623,
0.035295695066452026,
0.10303258150815964,
0.0058358502574265,
-0.01520511507987976,
0.09085214883089066,
0.002379203448072076,
-0.002140489872545004,
-0.06936725229024887,
0.0369618684053421,
-0.01955127902328968,
-0.023792369291186333,
0.027274437248706818,
-0.07153717428445816,
0.07226479798555374,
-0.009317496791481972,
-0.007890312001109123,
0.0072204978205263615,
0.037379540503025055,
-0.06416436284780502,
0.012395198456943035,
0.01158137060701847,
-0.012653644196689129,
-0.059678852558135986,
0.1055053323507309,
-0.02414277195930481,
-0.014713840559124947,
-0.022972427308559418,
0.01302498858422041,
0.040383610874414444,
-0.0263438131660223,
-0.00860124733299017,
-0.006737197749316692,
-0.010644052177667618,
0.004587292205542326,
-0.02604384534060955,
0.024131523445248604,
-0.04021523892879486,
0.05695998668670654,
-0.0031886633951216936,
-0.032824642956256866,
-0.02787601202726364,
-0.014710666611790657,
0.07547761499881744,
0.028087543323636055
] |
PMID:19702
|
Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia.
|
To define the time course of the metabolic acidosis that follows a single grand-mal seizure, we obtained serial blood samples from eight consecutive patients. Immediately after a seizure, the mean (+/- S.E.M.) venous lactate concentration was 12.7 +/- 1.0 meq per liter, the mean carbon dioxide content 17.1 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter, and the mean arterial pH 7.14 +/- 0.06. Sixty minutes later their values were 6.6 +/- 0.7 meq per liter (P less than 0.005), 23.6 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter (P less than 0.005) and 7.38 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.005) respectively. The spontaneous resolution of the acidosis was due, in large part, to the metabolism of lactate and to the concomitant removal of hydrogen ion. There was no change in the serum potassium concentration, despite the development of a severe systemic acidemia and the subsequent return to normal of the pH. We suggest that the patient with seizures may serve as a unique model of lactic acidosis.
|
Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia. To define the time course of the metabolic acidosis that follows a single grand-mal seizure, we obtained serial blood samples from eight consecutive patients. Immediately after a seizure, the mean (+/- S.E.M.) venous lactate concentration was 12.7 +/- 1.0 meq per liter, the mean carbon dioxide content 17.1 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter, and the mean arterial pH 7.14 +/- 0.06. Sixty minutes later their values were 6.6 +/- 0.7 meq per liter (P less than 0.005), 23.6 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter (P less than 0.005) and 7.38 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.005) respectively. The spontaneous resolution of the acidosis was due, in large part, to the metabolism of lactate and to the concomitant removal of hydrogen ion. There was no change in the serum potassium concentration, despite the development of a severe systemic acidemia and the subsequent return to normal of the pH. We suggest that the patient with seizures may serve as a unique model of lactic acidosis.
|
[
-0.019767770543694496,
0.012731797993183136,
0.01819867454469204,
0.028181398287415504,
0.0056323520839214325,
-0.0070948065258562565,
0.06302715092897415,
0.04966649040579796,
0.0009225234971381724,
-0.04476287215948105,
0.03515792638063431,
-0.062381256371736526,
0.02458893693983555,
0.053150568157434464,
-0.03498069569468498,
-0.06854195892810822,
-0.018798617646098137,
-0.03776209056377411,
-0.06995406001806259,
-0.00905692856758833,
-0.011628271080553532,
-0.013782108202576637,
0.015657663345336914,
-0.00531001528725028,
0.061653975397348404,
0.0026190760545432568,
-0.004819088615477085,
-0.016656558960676193,
-0.04723285511136055,
-0.20157627761363983,
0.016159510239958763,
-0.004636320751160383,
0.0035318906884640455,
-0.06026612967252731,
-0.04146701097488403,
0.019513821229338646,
-0.04196839779615402,
0.03400322049856186,
-0.02144155278801918,
0.025198308750987053,
0.06323837488889694,
0.040185775607824326,
0.006088626570999622,
0.00003283876139903441,
0.004443972371518612,
-0.023731831461191177,
-0.020765084773302078,
0.008443369530141354,
0.12778198719024658,
0.03607255592942238,
-0.07059220969676971,
0.017106933519244194,
0.009561935439705849,
0.0733264684677124,
0.0014898722292855382,
-0.005730798467993736,
0.061689842492341995,
-0.006143524311482906,
0.01346534676849842,
-0.0322982557117939,
-0.029643962159752846,
0.02487182430922985,
-0.15420842170715332,
0.016159439459443092,
-0.008505556732416153,
0.0015889857895672321,
-0.04105324670672417,
-0.05774911865592003,
0.031441010534763336,
0.04967383295297623,
-0.04911740869283676,
0.021145014092326164,
-0.02985401824116707,
0.020564159378409386,
-0.0065052262507379055,
-0.03561500459909439,
0.04196866974234581,
0.024599868804216385,
-0.01743870973587036,
-0.025813477113842964,
-0.02834424376487732,
0.007528817281126976,
0.01229079905897379,
-0.01993967592716217,
0.03716222196817398,
-0.030676344409585,
0.03790875896811485,
-0.013992655090987682,
-0.029658667743206024,
-0.03465314581990242,
0.014383704401552677,
-0.09425085037946701,
-0.06722705066204071,
0.050473425537347794,
-0.08436546474695206,
0.07305989414453506,
0.0190059132874012,
-0.04213939234614372,
0.03196021914482117,
0.40596306324005127,
0.0133261913433671,
0.045458003878593445,
0.0280503798276186,
0.020599398761987686,
0.006218282040208578,
0.005460798740386963,
0.044115930795669556,
-0.0012420773273333907,
0.02219226025044918,
-0.004272241611033678,
0.027050014585256577,
0.04206780716776848,
0.06187627092003822,
-0.04225028678774834,
-0.03420941159129143,
0.05162613093852997,
0.09805895388126373,
-0.008148581720888615,
0.03810017928481102,
0.06669144332408905,
-0.05350673571228981,
0.0012766289291903377,
-0.007244940381497145,
-0.019405201077461243,
0.07406342774629593,
0.06291863322257996,
0.023473452776670456,
0.03446099907159805,
0.05598313733935356,
0.0015800073742866516,
0.05558151379227638,
-0.017830800265073776,
-0.002585040172562003,
0.010517971590161324,
0.004796850029379129,
-0.013021272607147694,
0.04421952739357948,
-0.037818118929862976,
0.03950521722435951,
-0.00696131307631731,
-0.020038949325680733,
-0.0030808409210294485,
-0.018534550443291664,
-0.057554543018341064,
-0.04034999758005142,
0.06668217480182648,
0.025420812889933586,
-0.021451229229569435,
-0.06311507523059845,
-0.003962853457778692,
0.015473290346562862,
0.005271875765174627,
0.027206799015402794,
0.04459181800484657,
0.04370651766657829,
0.010080024600028992,
-0.003201000392436981,
0.028056569397449493,
-0.04568720608949661,
-0.011705903336405754,
-0.01976757124066353,
-0.09757641702890396,
-0.031132865697145462,
0.09777603298425674,
0.046402864158153534,
0.024843033403158188,
-0.007016392424702644,
-0.03851998969912529,
-0.019261810928583145,
0.02004067227244377,
0.07109518349170685,
0.009568031877279282,
0.03271336853504181,
-0.049075596034526825,
0.04886982962489128,
-0.0011571533977985382,
-0.007509435061365366,
0.026017550379037857,
-0.06507401168346405,
-0.002252244157716632,
0.052267637103796005,
-0.015825415030121803,
-0.04992994666099548,
0.02266775444149971,
-0.014571692794561386,
-0.059410881251096725,
-0.056611936539411545,
-0.030478235334157944,
0.04778759926557541,
0.034749776124954224,
-0.034952111542224884,
0.016998594626784325,
-0.04013470932841301,
-0.02581794187426567,
0.04491390660405159,
-0.01784655638039112,
-0.045310910791158676,
-0.04172111675143242,
0.009510853327810764,
-0.009366368874907494,
0.05941895768046379,
0.0007220313418656588,
-0.02931896038353443,
0.003805622924119234,
0.0536079965531826,
0.022296132519841194,
-0.060882650315761566,
0.006232477258890867,
0.0070705777034163475,
0.03134358301758766,
-0.003510039998218417,
-0.0013760693836957216,
-0.034043435007333755,
-0.024154020473361015,
-0.024871408939361572,
0.03294215723872185,
-0.0387025810778141,
0.014395738020539284,
0.0027465522289276123,
0.03018375299870968,
0.07674416154623032,
-0.04781263694167137,
-0.07778914272785187,
-0.27466487884521484,
-0.010376914404332638,
0.02603694424033165,
0.00042040215339511633,
0.07600639015436172,
-0.01719871163368225,
0.015087270177900791,
-0.018496248871088028,
0.005182277411222458,
-0.059629157185554504,
-0.01737755723297596,
0.03725770115852356,
-0.06504422426223755,
-0.028012394905090332,
0.007670860271900892,
0.030524134635925293,
0.07447729259729385,
-0.07883583754301071,
0.03792976588010788,
0.013583735562860966,
0.046918295323848724,
-0.010143204592168331,
-0.0011569585185498,
-0.00420018844306469,
0.07900776714086533,
-0.008396822959184647,
0.1032005250453949,
-0.021380241960287094,
0.061694998294115067,
-0.13659168779850006,
-0.03706672042608261,
0.07752642780542374,
0.04664843901991844,
-0.04390043020248413,
-0.013898985460400581,
-0.04759693890810013,
-0.0015920709120109677,
-0.0004694419039878994,
-0.06464669853448868,
-0.04290994629263878,
-0.09751740843057632,
-0.013668636791408062,
-0.07595641911029816,
-0.0016642744885757565,
-0.0748390182852745,
0.010037979111075401,
0.00323343463242054,
-0.028204265981912613,
-0.036394115537405014,
0.0219632089138031,
0.03486260399222374,
0.0020215518306940794,
-0.01644693687558174,
-0.03084373287856579,
0.062083326280117035,
-0.01723445951938629,
-0.06649155169725418,
0.004798353184014559,
-0.07830926030874252,
-0.02962956205010414,
0.01630808785557747,
0.012431780807673931,
-0.033512331545352936,
-0.003934794571250677,
0.007011214271187782,
0.06701541692018509,
0.040309589356184006,
0.008005917072296143,
0.04528128728270531,
0.020093776285648346,
-0.00013885900261811912,
0.12026230245828629,
-0.022703377529978752,
-0.01937507465481758,
0.08736552298069,
0.03058515302836895,
-0.045024219900369644,
-0.054118894040584564,
-0.11497114598751068,
-0.0026488027069717646,
-0.022935524582862854,
-0.06802523881196976,
0.03799805790185928,
0.0025866334326565266,
0.022738907486200333,
0.06182697042822838,
0.0014609359204769135,
-0.01786143146455288,
-0.05015766620635986,
-0.016196224838495255,
0.0321931354701519,
0.008974413387477398,
-0.015815431252121925,
-0.05214161053299904,
0.0571298748254776,
0.03435910865664482,
-0.2580524682998657,
0.04749950394034386,
-0.005384317133575678,
0.0039759352803230286,
0.05417288467288017,
-0.006396239157766104,
-0.0349096804857254,
-0.021349981427192688,
-0.019810691475868225,
0.048095837235450745,
0.016665367409586906,
0.03456982225179672,
0.07723051309585571,
0.010912483558058739,
0.01740718074142933,
-0.0065831937827169895,
0.04733928665518761,
-0.024478323757648468,
-0.008123434148728848,
-0.024028979241847992,
0.013192870654165745,
-0.01784531958401203,
0.095481738448143,
0.03751679137349129,
-0.022642549127340317,
0.05397322401404381,
0.03345333784818649,
0.0334954671561718,
-0.0008229277445934713,
-0.02555594965815544,
0.02005862630903721,
0.01991281658411026,
0.013745509088039398,
0.023991446942090988,
0.07029756158590317,
0.06413242965936661,
-0.06980292499065399,
0.022489937022328377,
0.017045283690094948,
0.02724272571504116,
0.04351242631673813,
-0.027748404070734978,
0.01602088287472725,
-0.012150508351624012,
0.052835047245025635,
-0.02424098551273346,
0.0009534605778753757,
-0.042022477835416794,
-0.006461919751018286,
-0.02500181831419468,
-0.03872319310903549,
-0.04312172904610634,
0.02725108712911606,
0.04684858024120331,
0.038585033267736435,
0.00284084165468812,
-0.025066031143069267,
-0.013705280609428883,
0.036316029727458954,
-0.0693322941660881,
-0.030625294893980026,
-0.043081771582365036,
0.009122119285166264,
0.019151315093040466,
-0.059579696506261826
] |
PMID:19703
|
Drug impairment reviews: other drugs.
|
This review will summarize a limited number of experimental studies concerning effects of tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, and antihistamine drugs, as well as combinations of these drugs with ethanol, on human performance related to driving. The first group of studies utilized batteries of psychological and/or psychomotor tests to assess drug effects, while the second group used driving simulators. Procedures and results of each study will be summarized, and this will be followed by a general critique of methodologies which have been used along with suggestions for improved methodologies.
|
Drug impairment reviews: other drugs. This review will summarize a limited number of experimental studies concerning effects of tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, and antihistamine drugs, as well as combinations of these drugs with ethanol, on human performance related to driving. The first group of studies utilized batteries of psychological and/or psychomotor tests to assess drug effects, while the second group used driving simulators. Procedures and results of each study will be summarized, and this will be followed by a general critique of methodologies which have been used along with suggestions for improved methodologies.
|
[
-0.013894278556108475,
0.035022564232349396,
0.03567693755030632,
0.02366984263062477,
-0.01787671260535717,
0.10054308921098709,
0.09472093731164932,
0.02301010489463806,
-0.05837239325046539,
-0.05547499284148216,
-0.01200543250888586,
0.036723677068948746,
-0.01666240207850933,
0.03460586071014404,
-0.022535741329193115,
-0.0238493662327528,
0.009186423383653164,
-0.05319686979055405,
-0.03189173713326454,
-0.0652594119310379,
-0.07645025104284286,
0.041910991072654724,
0.025754962116479874,
-0.026817627251148224,
-0.02734072506427765,
0.03296849504113197,
-0.035829294472932816,
-0.017684539780020714,
-0.030151953920722008,
-0.12516683340072632,
-0.009201256558299065,
-0.034731101244688034,
-0.035965822637081146,
0.0121227465569973,
-0.0734061449766159,
0.02375273033976555,
-0.04211844131350517,
0.06076333299279213,
0.0370151549577713,
-0.025984374806284904,
0.04370594769716263,
-0.0017901737010106444,
-0.04236140102148056,
0.0474805049598217,
-0.013352514244616032,
0.029629237949848175,
-0.03210792690515518,
-0.028517920523881912,
0.08510284870862961,
-0.022127456963062286,
0.015004506334662437,
-0.03371803089976311,
0.08617367595434189,
0.03338506817817688,
-0.023300202563405037,
-0.07576437294483185,
-0.04144497588276863,
0.03536410629749298,
-0.05537986382842064,
0.05813029408454895,
-0.03088911809027195,
0.03436550498008728,
-0.15029366314411163,
-0.005272311624139547,
0.03579598292708397,
0.003926868084818125,
-0.04930365830659866,
-0.04408253729343414,
0.055514320731163025,
0.05543670803308487,
-0.012171146459877491,
0.0033055043313652277,
-0.032725196331739426,
0.02473154291510582,
0.01701526716351509,
-0.013332873582839966,
-0.0323554202914238,
-0.035771872848272324,
0.012396574951708317,
-0.002567358547821641,
0.03143834322690964,
-0.06507214158773422,
0.020770089700818062,
-0.07798520475625992,
0.03166170045733452,
-0.056826017796993256,
0.021508140489459038,
0.04476035013794899,
-0.013775603845715523,
-0.0008113748044706881,
-0.032584067434072495,
0.01298205554485321,
-0.007856207899749279,
0.009481013752520084,
0.007164040580391884,
-0.05849780514836311,
-0.0018230576533824205,
-0.01938854716718197,
0.0046638790518045425,
0.36283186078071594,
-0.007949793711304665,
0.05990893393754959,
-0.02850913815200329,
-0.028339933604002,
-0.05958826467394829,
0.0009920250158756971,
0.008847733959555626,
-0.0056671821512281895,
-0.03402436524629593,
0.05217595398426056,
0.07479832321405411,
0.02808532305061817,
0.04930800944566727,
0.03870423510670662,
-0.04622825235128403,
0.017146915197372437,
0.0474056750535965,
0.04977508634328842,
0.02806677483022213,
0.0126111451536417,
-0.0072136204689741135,
-0.006215102970600128,
0.06442366540431976,
-0.036605436354875565,
0.04897955432534218,
-0.032426897436380386,
-0.007390460930764675,
0.06639900803565979,
0.019926220178604126,
-0.010771390050649643,
0.03940080106258392,
-0.020196981728076935,
-0.0018413305515423417,
0.018477078527212143,
-0.010459315031766891,
-0.030940022319555283,
-0.0005776609759777784,
0.01126797590404749,
0.10326896607875824,
0.019553326070308685,
-0.019388966262340546,
-0.05701388791203499,
0.023990945890545845,
-0.0945931002497673,
-0.08510506898164749,
0.07861936837434769,
0.06293243914842606,
-0.03183971717953682,
-0.00969923846423626,
0.10045976936817169,
-0.021461540833115578,
0.03649887070059776,
-0.02682020142674446,
0.037551235407590866,
-0.013223554939031601,
0.022311536595225334,
0.08104980736970901,
-0.027278652414679527,
-0.012489928863942623,
0.040413059294223785,
-0.031931787729263306,
0.006489320658147335,
-0.05268682911992073,
0.10409212857484818,
-0.0014442019164562225,
0.020095523446798325,
-0.061790935695171356,
0.01892644725739956,
-0.07014694064855576,
0.004602145869284868,
0.02912731282413006,
-0.010361375287175179,
-0.07236569374799728,
0.010793955996632576,
-0.058339450508356094,
-0.01352030411362648,
0.028579846024513245,
0.011219227686524391,
-0.05600930005311966,
-0.04253663867712021,
0.05783656984567642,
0.018329236656427383,
-0.03638945147395134,
0.03836197033524513,
0.016455143690109253,
0.08409062027931213,
-0.05816809833049774,
0.011159354820847511,
0.0075521101243793964,
0.012884765863418579,
-0.021034736186265945,
-0.0746951773762703,
-0.04744468629360199,
0.013005073182284832,
-0.00916803814470768,
0.01827220246195793,
-0.04973868653178215,
0.002263772301375866,
-0.04452949017286301,
-0.005059879273176193,
0.028882374987006187,
0.0401938334107399,
0.013873209245502949,
0.11047185212373734,
-0.002027372596785426,
0.03460223227739334,
-0.015623664483428001,
-0.006273438222706318,
0.06640411168336868,
-0.016907481476664543,
-0.06766422837972641,
-0.0037584437523037195,
0.05840913951396942,
-0.0015177138848230243,
-0.016557324677705765,
0.015207058750092983,
0.003464634995907545,
0.01712631992995739,
0.005001748912036419,
0.018403029069304466,
0.008994251489639282,
-0.03688237816095352,
-0.0011985476594418287,
-0.31361329555511475,
-0.01699240691959858,
0.0010201255790889263,
0.06326115876436234,
0.02764802798628807,
-0.04797779396176338,
-0.0022600337397307158,
0.00814907718449831,
-0.03911181166768074,
0.02421305701136589,
0.008461383171379566,
0.010726661421358585,
-0.07399500161409378,
-0.01719629392027855,
0.043744806200265884,
-0.015389272943139076,
-0.04771549627184868,
0.014595001004636288,
-0.009802756831049919,
-0.016148056834936142,
0.02531765028834343,
-0.00016333485837094486,
0.03998323902487755,
-0.01564502902328968,
0.044996898621320724,
-0.020134635269641876,
0.13103018701076508,
-0.013218726962804794,
0.02269979752600193,
-0.005740372929722071,
0.0008689830428920686,
0.055698275566101074,
-0.006116719916462898,
-0.08700113743543625,
-0.00036399555392563343,
-0.020600315183401108,
0.01270676963031292,
0.026306945830583572,
-0.03639480844140053,
-0.020662546157836914,
-0.039118941873311996,
0.006559818517416716,
0.028406666591763496,
-0.03604438155889511,
-0.0753672793507576,
0.009585240855813026,
-0.02302980050444603,
-0.01761242188513279,
-0.00598068255931139,
-0.02746708132326603,
0.015342194586992264,
0.005574037786573172,
0.010510039515793324,
-0.028392372652888298,
0.02226964756846428,
-0.03482223302125931,
-0.08377619087696075,
-0.006043985020369291,
-0.037745777517557144,
-0.043585166335105896,
0.0038082513492554426,
0.02283201552927494,
0.07316861301660538,
-0.04513264819979668,
0.023902179673314095,
-0.0011963371653109789,
-0.05300721898674965,
-0.04808558151125908,
0.00051983876619488,
0.056565094739198685,
0.012546328827738762,
0.1621173620223999,
-0.012118012644350529,
0.03303776681423187,
0.04067320004105568,
-0.010745171457529068,
0.004170286934822798,
-0.01146294642239809,
-0.03319496661424637,
0.04583372548222542,
-0.0756663978099823,
0.03029647469520569,
-0.006733182352036238,
0.02871677093207836,
0.05826947093009949,
-0.02407871186733246,
0.010321375913918018,
-0.07177485525608063,
0.03159360587596893,
-0.03096715733408928,
0.0059868162497878075,
0.0327141135931015,
-0.011674354784190655,
-0.02040311135351658,
0.024170655757188797,
0.0741189643740654,
-0.25350290536880493,
-0.029733115807175636,
0.07100474834442139,
0.011566768400371075,
-0.007981051690876484,
-0.019151723012328148,
0.010281759314239025,
-0.0019220671383664012,
-0.018361574038863182,
-0.056781522929668427,
0.004758198745548725,
0.027401244267821312,
0.05574730783700943,
0.04278533160686493,
-0.012683815322816372,
0.006152010522782803,
0.10256154090166092,
0.000546016963198781,
0.013674495741724968,
-0.021254373714327812,
-0.011572754010558128,
0.03557253256440163,
0.1836947649717331,
-0.028787128627300262,
0.004034178331494331,
0.1094028577208519,
-0.015386308543384075,
-0.022451572120189667,
0.0008139827405102551,
0.006398243363946676,
0.009441185742616653,
-0.009863689541816711,
0.08281385898590088,
-0.0012270803563296795,
-0.013557231053709984,
-0.011106114834547043,
-0.056531570851802826,
-0.026569806039333344,
0.011464937590062618,
0.06831584870815277,
0.022437820211052895,
0.016208980232477188,
-0.03297073021531105,
-0.05452309176325798,
0.10077659785747528,
0.022673575207591057,
-0.036825694143772125,
-0.07128581404685974,
-0.04101615399122238,
-0.0040612793527543545,
-0.028691355139017105,
-0.05312012508511543,
-0.01919020339846611,
-0.006401921156793833,
0.06501230597496033,
-0.04006190970540047,
-0.016197195276618004,
-0.031028710305690765,
0.06400702893733978,
-0.015659742057323456,
-0.020704327151179314,
0.003217011457309127,
0.03574293106794357,
0.03882858157157898,
0.04084611311554909
] |
PMID:19712
|
Spontaneous hypoglycemia in end-stage renal failure.
|
Five men with end-stage renal failure had spontaneous hypoglycemia during lengthy hospitalizations. Four were cachectic, and all five had weight loss and poor caloric intake. Malnutrition were seen also in some of the ten previous case reports of hypoglycemia in renal failure. Impaired renal gluconeogenesis may allow hypoglycemia in such patients.
|
Spontaneous hypoglycemia in end-stage renal failure. Five men with end-stage renal failure had spontaneous hypoglycemia during lengthy hospitalizations. Four were cachectic, and all five had weight loss and poor caloric intake. Malnutrition were seen also in some of the ten previous case reports of hypoglycemia in renal failure. Impaired renal gluconeogenesis may allow hypoglycemia in such patients.
|
[
-0.02719988115131855,
-0.016574010252952576,
0.002823405899107456,
0.036847472190856934,
-0.06478839367628098,
0.010603074915707111,
0.01627219468355179,
0.00480924965813756,
-0.040248893201351166,
-0.0679231807589531,
0.0031245506834238768,
-0.07225261628627777,
0.04984892159700394,
0.0856601670384407,
-0.038005854934453964,
0.009120860137045383,
0.0020550100598484278,
0.0036602572072297335,
-0.08647359907627106,
-0.003462112508714199,
0.04854203760623932,
0.013922411017119884,
0.023548156023025513,
0.04413625970482826,
0.0009098582086153328,
0.005192465614527464,
0.026711497455835342,
0.0206608846783638,
-0.0890493243932724,
-0.13531243801116943,
-0.0029500164091587067,
-0.04190411791205406,
-0.01145490724593401,
-0.04498618468642235,
-0.038751062005758286,
-0.030487103387713432,
-0.04032635688781738,
0.06271036714315414,
-0.04030429199337959,
0.06133265048265457,
0.04750490561127663,
-0.02218630723655224,
0.07668689638376236,
0.02757791429758072,
0.04383789002895355,
0.02761758863925934,
-0.021794473752379417,
0.07157400995492935,
0.1468052715063095,
0.05574719235301018,
-0.022606845945119858,
0.09369423240423203,
0.01579241454601288,
0.03221802040934563,
0.014368537813425064,
-0.03129233047366142,
0.01879381760954857,
-0.022198813036084175,
0.01491872500628233,
-0.030640175566077232,
0.00551719730719924,
0.05218463018536568,
-0.13068567216396332,
-0.04348504915833473,
0.03924471139907837,
0.01389914471656084,
-0.026526950299739838,
-0.0215477105230093,
0.018131768330931664,
0.014838664792478085,
-0.012409912422299385,
0.0018536514835432172,
0.021580280736088753,
0.03475545719265938,
-0.007491482887417078,
-0.028673626482486725,
0.02299484610557556,
0.02843307889997959,
0.024059602990746498,
0.0657949298620224,
0.053972598165273666,
-0.023663444444537163,
0.03294725343585014,
0.014861813746392727,
-0.002003696747124195,
-0.06350444257259369,
0.016004512086510658,
-0.020040422677993774,
0.04729912802577019,
-0.03551025316119194,
-0.028517499566078186,
-0.013922881335020065,
-0.04084407910704613,
0.06800691038370132,
-0.031909942626953125,
0.002410534769296646,
0.012266235426068306,
-0.019625168293714523,
-0.0805840790271759,
0.3744909167289734,
0.012902148067951202,
-0.02589171752333641,
0.021046338602900505,
0.05240839719772339,
0.06304089725017548,
-0.015148153528571129,
-0.010837498120963573,
0.008403771556913853,
0.020933015272021294,
-0.007002533879131079,
0.050400301814079285,
-0.010179968550801277,
0.05107666924595833,
-0.06260178238153458,
0.0019490825943648815,
0.05381987988948822,
0.06386684626340866,
0.03464842960238457,
0.003994272090494633,
0.05853021517395973,
-0.010611562058329582,
0.04760194942355156,
0.027444906532764435,
0.00038361488259397447,
0.031070224940776825,
0.04672728478908539,
-0.006771961692720652,
0.09076761454343796,
0.014249905943870544,
-0.03756623715162277,
0.06628791242837906,
0.04172112047672272,
-0.021969111636281013,
-0.0131150484085083,
-0.009366479702293873,
-0.006751001346856356,
0.10218150913715363,
-0.08955881744623184,
0.05809495598077774,
-0.021333668380975723,
0.03605494275689125,
-0.04874708130955696,
-0.028002912178635597,
-0.07436887174844742,
0.004159119445830584,
0.0944061204791069,
0.042623408138751984,
-0.011407949030399323,
-0.06731586903333664,
-0.01645330898463726,
0.029347866773605347,
0.04677848517894745,
0.013961909338831902,
-0.004861926194280386,
-0.026212424039840698,
0.013164338655769825,
0.030909419059753418,
0.016211776062846184,
0.02315060980618,
-0.0188471507281065,
-0.04125288501381874,
-0.05518374964594841,
-0.010887518525123596,
-0.054859112948179245,
0.025804486125707626,
0.044617101550102234,
-0.010104537941515446,
-0.03534625470638275,
0.04524071514606476,
-0.0045065684244036674,
0.05143475532531738,
-0.01996183581650257,
-0.02056959457695484,
-0.07658479362726212,
0.033150628209114075,
-0.01345141977071762,
-0.018192756921052933,
-0.01932590827345848,
-0.028503932058811188,
0.004539452493190765,
0.0007976900087669492,
0.013016843236982822,
-0.025660986080765724,
0.014317987486720085,
0.00020744570065289736,
-0.08087919652462006,
-0.021145204082131386,
-0.015834622085094452,
0.06128745526075363,
0.09108724445104599,
-0.06021225452423096,
0.0022097507026046515,
-0.07044903188943863,
-0.051742520183324814,
0.03937171772122383,
-0.0017066039144992828,
-0.027276020497083664,
-0.017838813364505768,
0.004802457056939602,
-0.010062741115689278,
0.03788243979215622,
-0.012262087315320969,
0.04265044629573822,
0.03936423361301422,
-0.038731057196855545,
-0.031009504571557045,
-0.03407776355743408,
-0.015559372492134571,
0.040272098034620285,
0.017281901091337204,
-0.03214310109615326,
-0.020463529974222183,
-0.02942541614174843,
0.05533403530716896,
-0.031299442052841187,
0.016579322516918182,
0.01229486707597971,
-0.004607427399605513,
0.02681305631995201,
0.00017423831741325557,
0.05039208009839058,
-0.03689340129494667,
-0.004118270706385374,
-0.29589521884918213,
-0.032594840973615646,
0.024444932118058205,
-0.08318699896335602,
0.046747174113988876,
-0.11834125220775604,
-0.01712975651025772,
-0.003969923127442598,
-0.09654177725315094,
-0.006771722808480263,
0.08141199499368668,
0.005034672562032938,
-0.03953108936548233,
-0.016834521666169167,
0.018478186801075935,
0.003996419720351696,
0.0806971862912178,
-0.08591299504041672,
0.0336894653737545,
-0.02229519747197628,
0.052590951323509216,
0.04410887882113457,
-0.004703040234744549,
-0.018041294068098068,
0.03427911549806595,
-0.019968584179878235,
0.11461848765611649,
-0.02448062226176262,
0.01846701093018055,
-0.05234672129154205,
0.03898590803146362,
0.08312506973743439,
-0.007837542332708836,
-0.06855756044387817,
0.08124671131372452,
-0.03584421053528786,
-0.022954629734158516,
-0.03673752769827843,
-0.03283640742301941,
-0.052729323506355286,
-0.10786433517932892,
-0.007286699954420328,
-0.04216121509671211,
-0.0027358639054000378,
-0.015593789517879486,
-0.0016229518223553896,
-0.045395031571388245,
-0.005321278236806393,
-0.05023007467389107,
-0.004929640330374241,
0.0614481195807457,
0.025946181267499924,
-0.03709711134433746,
-0.03639012947678566,
0.047373320907354355,
-0.01785380020737648,
-0.10141248255968094,
-0.03382391855120659,
-0.04989249259233475,
-0.0350298248231411,
-0.01741943322122097,
-0.007900501601397991,
0.06160474196076393,
0.05561946704983711,
-0.01404550764709711,
-0.00589991919696331,
0.013158082030713558,
0.003516132477670908,
0.015246167778968811,
0.011421640403568745,
0.009149997495114803,
0.10247059166431427,
-0.04274772107601166,
0.025646664202213287,
0.059947412461042404,
0.021848168224096298,
-0.023031309247016907,
-0.04347759485244751,
-0.07262328267097473,
-0.01006540097296238,
0.011300118640065193,
-0.059192296117544174,
0.05320238694548607,
0.03171325474977493,
-0.023719342425465584,
0.041294485330581665,
-0.061125747859478,
0.015553800389170647,
0.0124678248539567,
0.05062209069728851,
-0.0029558062087744474,
0.012334350496530533,
-0.08668959140777588,
-0.03213036060333252,
0.043369416147470474,
0.03133581578731537,
-0.242128387093544,
0.04340260848402977,
-0.04872194677591324,
-0.037014856934547424,
0.01933264173567295,
0.05607825890183449,
-0.06410673260688782,
0.014958634972572327,
-0.016895201057195663,
0.05824288725852966,
0.041515808552503586,
-0.07513777166604996,
0.08438073843717575,
-0.05441249534487724,
0.014746369794011116,
-0.04036629945039749,
0.03453865647315979,
-0.027641519904136658,
-0.0146637549623847,
-0.04220935329794884,
0.03748698905110359,
-0.039180539548397064,
0.10885936766862869,
-0.009742049500346184,
-0.0007226153393276036,
0.07563560456037521,
-0.009559843689203262,
0.06778167188167572,
-0.05367268621921539,
0.00020003611280117184,
0.058083027601242065,
0.02765430323779583,
0.030548838898539543,
0.0005729048862121999,
0.05026181414723396,
0.03126964345574379,
0.002918646903708577,
0.019503572955727577,
0.0022758443374186754,
-0.0006188546540215611,
0.022052306681871414,
-0.0007025909726507962,
0.005693099927157164,
-0.018761824816465378,
0.061052728444337845,
-0.03734298050403595,
0.008910740725696087,
-0.05459637939929962,
0.024711180478334427,
0.004395423922687769,
0.030667057260870934,
-0.0439673587679863,
-0.04244421422481537,
0.024414876475930214,
0.006110813934355974,
-0.026802469044923782,
-0.0014872410101816058,
-0.052521225064992905,
0.008562810719013214,
-0.026193154975771904,
0.014208530075848103,
0.060807883739471436,
-0.03121745027601719,
-0.038416437804698944,
-0.04400530084967613
] |
PMID:19713
|
Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact and ovariectomized androgen-sterilized rats.
|
Serum LH changes in response to LH-RH injection were measured in intact and ovariectomized, steroid-treated female rats which were androgenized neonatally with 1,250 microgram testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5. At a dose of 20 ng LH-RH/100 g b.w., serum LH levels in intact rats increased over pre-injection levels, and at a dose of 100 ng LH-RH/100 g b.w., LH concentrations 15 min after injection were higher in nembutal-blocked proestrous rats than in androgen-sterilized rats. However, the ovulation response was not different between the groups. In ovariectomized estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated, androgen-sterilized rats, serum LH concentrations 15 and 60 min after LH-RH injection were lower than in similarly treated control rats. This effect was not secondary to the anovulatory state of the animal, since it also occurred in ovariectomized EB-treated prepuberal rats and in rats ovariectomized prepuberally and treated with EB in adulthood. Also, after treatment with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone propionate (5alpha-DHTP), pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in androgen-sterilized rats was lower than in control rats, which suggests that the subnormal response in the estrogen-treated rats was not due to a relative insensitivity to estrogen in the androgen-sterilized rats. The relatively high pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact androgen-sterilized rats is probably due to the high circulating estrogen levels. The subnormal pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH after ovariectomy and estradiol treatment suggests, in addition to an effect on the hypothalamus, also a direct effect of neonatal androgen administration on the pituitary.
|
Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact and ovariectomized androgen-sterilized rats. Serum LH changes in response to LH-RH injection were measured in intact and ovariectomized, steroid-treated female rats which were androgenized neonatally with 1,250 microgram testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5. At a dose of 20 ng LH-RH/100 g b.w., serum LH levels in intact rats increased over pre-injection levels, and at a dose of 100 ng LH-RH/100 g b.w., LH concentrations 15 min after injection were higher in nembutal-blocked proestrous rats than in androgen-sterilized rats. However, the ovulation response was not different between the groups. In ovariectomized estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated, androgen-sterilized rats, serum LH concentrations 15 and 60 min after LH-RH injection were lower than in similarly treated control rats. This effect was not secondary to the anovulatory state of the animal, since it also occurred in ovariectomized EB-treated prepuberal rats and in rats ovariectomized prepuberally and treated with EB in adulthood. Also, after treatment with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone propionate (5alpha-DHTP), pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in androgen-sterilized rats was lower than in control rats, which suggests that the subnormal response in the estrogen-treated rats was not due to a relative insensitivity to estrogen in the androgen-sterilized rats. The relatively high pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact androgen-sterilized rats is probably due to the high circulating estrogen levels. The subnormal pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH after ovariectomy and estradiol treatment suggests, in addition to an effect on the hypothalamus, also a direct effect of neonatal androgen administration on the pituitary.
|
[
0.02280818670988083,
-0.00521866837516427,
-0.008372175507247448,
-0.0011155814863741398,
0.0430765226483345,
-0.02151920646429062,
0.035589564591646194,
0.012884057126939297,
-0.06853799521923065,
0.0016014773864299059,
0.004292897880077362,
-0.04358523711562157,
0.035157542675733566,
0.055496979504823685,
-0.009632234461605549,
0.031973544508218765,
-0.00026054319459944963,
-0.021469824016094208,
-0.057687707245349884,
0.026452673599123955,
-0.01405273750424385,
-0.017513999715447426,
0.07547580450773239,
0.02662847191095352,
0.008714494295418262,
0.014570442959666252,
-0.06019071862101555,
-0.006512525957077742,
-0.05561375245451927,
-0.17740200459957123,
0.03134140372276306,
-0.009961206465959549,
-0.006895239930599928,
-0.024017509073019028,
0.0009123353520408273,
0.019067002460360527,
-0.0054219258017838,
-0.012294227257370949,
0.005130645353347063,
0.0419338196516037,
0.038739390671253204,
-0.006917695049196482,
-0.008987528271973133,
-0.001527078216895461,
0.029030073434114456,
0.07283539324998856,
-0.028897231444716454,
0.02065606601536274,
0.031536031514406204,
-0.01963922008872032,
0.022109050303697586,
0.014097209088504314,
0.03744647279381752,
0.06329850107431412,
-0.021924076601862907,
-0.015602347441017628,
0.020718764513731003,
0.049651313573122025,
0.01517360471189022,
0.051413170993328094,
-0.056058820337057114,
0.0718023031949997,
-0.11573871970176697,
0.06348355859518051,
0.03463874012231827,
0.03193070366978645,
-0.014273812994360924,
-0.028878672048449516,
0.045948971062898636,
0.03648998215794563,
-0.0009714274201542139,
0.03137516975402832,
0.028865650296211243,
-0.03367368131875992,
-0.015243965201079845,
-0.03418273851275444,
-0.028771476820111275,
-0.030480781570076942,
-0.0123169319704175,
0.025244133546948433,
-0.017675327137112617,
0.06141350418329239,
0.022380581125617027,
-0.0011089646723121405,
-0.051300209015607834,
-0.05773178115487099,
0.017461856827139854,
-0.06531982123851776,
0.01907755807042122,
0.042629096657037735,
-0.035450529307127,
-0.04947292059659958,
-0.013958234339952469,
-0.015688609331846237,
0.006151997484266758,
0.027535684406757355,
0.05213581770658493,
-0.09035094082355499,
0.013946255668997765,
0.35559865832328796,
-0.00018639082554727793,
0.03876713663339615,
-0.11199113726615906,
-0.021837064996361732,
-0.001071800710633397,
-0.017985330894589424,
-0.004496342036873102,
0.009329232387244701,
-0.0656394436955452,
0.09732316434383392,
0.015430495142936707,
-0.013093078508973122,
0.07047220319509506,
-0.03159717470407486,
-0.005503111518919468,
-0.07539583742618561,
0.03248034790158272,
0.03187437728047371,
-0.0007622567936778069,
-0.008516635745763779,
0.0230181273072958,
0.017180657014250755,
0.0145021453499794,
-0.06745840609073639,
0.04736663028597832,
-0.01654568687081337,
0.04657986760139465,
0.08368029445409775,
0.021601973101496696,
0.043403662741184235,
0.0026232434902340174,
0.0151444673538208,
-0.03808038309216499,
0.0071657756343483925,
-0.011616945266723633,
0.013077625073492527,
0.030142858624458313,
-0.04682065173983574,
-0.024310754612088203,
-0.013530125841498375,
-0.03315300494432449,
-0.08357672393321991,
0.006848098710179329,
-0.0912126675248146,
-0.013367615640163422,
0.10472208261489868,
-0.01916433311998844,
-0.010841047391295433,
0.0245188158005476,
0.0030473163351416588,
0.03264935314655304,
0.08432325720787048,
-0.05100031942129135,
0.0034463685005903244,
-0.03153778985142708,
0.07374539226293564,
-0.059322141110897064,
0.0012679994106292725,
-0.031088024377822876,
0.0003526429063640535,
-0.043697383254766464,
-0.016393544152379036,
-0.014158564619719982,
-0.03299649432301521,
0.006593772675842047,
0.013219003565609455,
-0.017763376235961914,
0.007844692096114159,
0.04437781125307083,
-0.0015682688681408763,
0.003911102656275034,
0.032712846994400024,
-0.030591515824198723,
-0.010283553041517735,
-0.0717582032084465,
0.008634236641228199,
0.040562715381383896,
-0.0006472609238699079,
0.008029164746403694,
0.07220856100320816,
-0.016355883330106735,
-0.04582396522164345,
-0.014704513363540173,
0.042898986488580704,
-0.021189941093325615,
0.021524693816900253,
-0.04268428310751915,
0.014423595741391182,
0.008050224743783474,
0.018598023802042007,
0.02407057397067547,
0.019730573520064354,
-0.09730573743581772,
0.0063880980014801025,
0.007392683997750282,
-0.004288982134312391,
-0.03591793775558472,
0.02945735678076744,
0.052179280668497086,
0.05719878524541855,
0.0497518889605999,
-0.014452422969043255,
0.020197102800011635,
0.06219946965575218,
0.01942172460258007,
0.04672906920313835,
0.04022785276174545,
-0.05911661311984062,
0.10686513781547546,
0.05401559919118881,
-0.06250734627246857,
0.025577260181307793,
-0.01041650865226984,
0.009140427224338055,
-0.0395800918340683,
0.09645843505859375,
-0.0022224935237318277,
-0.05767681449651718,
0.07054383307695389,
0.034073226153850555,
0.04205332696437836,
-0.04062037914991379,
0.014389862306416035,
-0.2943331003189087,
-0.0294127706438303,
-0.013917548581957817,
-0.026615235954523087,
0.031723327934741974,
-0.10163046419620514,
-0.03953338786959648,
-0.08747072517871857,
0.026007508859038353,
-0.038086190819740295,
0.022932786494493484,
0.07977931201457977,
-0.04543192312121391,
-0.018533773720264435,
0.0038360469043254852,
0.022595103830099106,
0.06404808163642883,
-0.06556233018636703,
0.019375624135136604,
-0.021937288343906403,
-0.06275283545255661,
-0.0021705988328903913,
-0.004262225702404976,
0.03791305795311928,
0.0767456442117691,
-0.042997296899557114,
0.08572234958410263,
-0.05632944032549858,
-0.07010854035615921,
0.007876998744904995,
0.03421708196401596,
0.012117530219256878,
0.0216855276376009,
-0.0840926244854927,
0.01683485507965088,
-0.008416302502155304,
-0.013396414928138256,
0.012513254769146442,
-0.019211621955037117,
0.023715779185295105,
-0.057591233402490616,
0.013738345354795456,
-0.041778456419706345,
-0.0850202813744545,
-0.07219873368740082,
0.03393314778804779,
0.019512390717864037,
0.016333891078829765,
-0.03214885666966438,
-0.017480462789535522,
-0.006401146296411753,
-0.03705643117427826,
0.006268829107284546,
0.02900085598230362,
0.0044706277549266815,
-0.015160773880779743,
-0.05798175558447838,
-0.0031481205951422453,
-0.03382701426744461,
0.04770525172352791,
0.06500550359487534,
-0.008893098682165146,
-0.03339022770524025,
-0.04890724644064903,
-0.016717417165637016,
-0.024093477055430412,
-0.004313067998737097,
0.0008477482479065657,
0.012397794984281063,
0.0397922582924366,
0.021492185071110725,
0.09788473695516586,
-0.03459250181913376,
0.0662422701716423,
0.06095819175243378,
0.028723232448101044,
-0.07865794748067856,
-0.009828311391174793,
-0.08716750890016556,
0.04959896206855774,
-0.011670646257698536,
-0.053840361535549164,
0.06766296178102493,
0.04917072132229805,
0.006044550333172083,
0.004568923730403185,
-0.016372013837099075,
0.016948843374848366,
0.08900602906942368,
0.05391538888216019,
-0.04463804513216019,
-0.03263676166534424,
0.0072005451656877995,
-0.05440656095743179,
-0.009672670625150204,
-0.0024794586934149265,
-0.30224621295928955,
-0.022390935570001602,
0.025291938334703445,
-0.005092184524983168,
-0.007448052056133747,
0.04065379872918129,
-0.026505786925554276,
-0.060674820095300674,
-0.05759905278682709,
0.022447753697633743,
0.005270021036267281,
0.07724685221910477,
0.08563874661922455,
0.05240124091506004,
-0.0880419909954071,
-0.018623994663357735,
-0.01709168404340744,
-0.007206621579825878,
0.0036022812128067017,
-0.043844472616910934,
0.019278736785054207,
0.008975355885922909,
0.10420286655426025,
0.036416858434677124,
-0.023341182619333267,
-0.009025555104017258,
0.05683726817369461,
0.06051086261868477,
0.021806402131915092,
-0.010118816047906876,
-0.04459265619516373,
0.07553843408823013,
0.0010783537290990353,
-0.026377592235803604,
-0.02098209410905838,
0.04982542246580124,
-0.07022503763437271,
0.01081922184675932,
0.02901671640574932,
0.020476076751947403,
-0.04527551308274269,
0.024547487497329712,
-0.025201883167028427,
0.010349617339670658,
0.07395175099372864,
-0.06340321153402328,
-0.016566039994359016,
-0.003964123781770468,
0.020570334047079086,
0.04892158508300781,
-0.030032670125365257,
-0.0017940840916708112,
0.03312211483716965,
0.05058727040886879,
-0.019074026495218277,
-0.051530152559280396,
0.025237789377570152,
-0.018868712708353996,
-0.04241824895143509,
-0.009452957659959793,
0.01810586452484131,
-0.03526366874575615,
-0.09038185328245163,
0.07615704089403152,
0.029591336846351624
] |
PMID:19714
|
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF): lack of dopaminergic and anticholinergic activity.
|
In a sensitive animal model under the control of a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance, showing striking similarity to the extrapyramidal system, MIF did not possess dopaminergic or anticholinergic properties either with acute or chronic administration of the drug.
|
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF): lack of dopaminergic and anticholinergic activity. In a sensitive animal model under the control of a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance, showing striking similarity to the extrapyramidal system, MIF did not possess dopaminergic or anticholinergic properties either with acute or chronic administration of the drug.
|
[
-0.03960968181490898,
0.014496137388050556,
-0.037375401705503464,
0.050117794424295425,
0.005786568857729435,
0.030005991458892822,
0.06480104476213455,
0.04478234052658081,
-0.027451833710074425,
-0.009864050894975662,
0.021741513162851334,
-0.02753298729658127,
0.02248583361506462,
0.03973003104329109,
-0.005160202272236347,
0.03241819143295288,
0.02776298299431801,
0.012086295522749424,
-0.09050028771162033,
-0.014005420729517937,
0.0033166061621159315,
0.003061499912291765,
-0.009459618479013443,
-0.017533065751194954,
0.005484038032591343,
0.04606855288147926,
-0.052890975028276443,
-0.05699316784739494,
-0.0539969876408577,
-0.15307210385799408,
-0.011245021596550941,
0.019444651901721954,
0.022132791578769684,
-0.05948248505592346,
-0.0006610689451918006,
0.03242924064397812,
-0.03824559599161148,
0.013137762434780598,
-0.017285415902733803,
0.0659465417265892,
0.05818375572562218,
0.003429905278608203,
-0.010326826944947243,
0.014703452587127686,
0.004890312906354666,
0.02277722768485546,
-0.040892090648412704,
-0.00969725288450718,
0.021368160843849182,
-0.009488089941442013,
0.02886268123984337,
-0.005118231754750013,
0.020004982128739357,
0.08650122582912445,
0.032228223979473114,
0.004063396714627743,
-0.0311118271201849,
-0.01818997599184513,
-0.0453074648976326,
0.013950509019196033,
-0.04168300703167915,
0.05202851444482803,
-0.13377133011817932,
0.012791559100151062,
0.03384340554475784,
-0.01986951194703579,
-0.01793074794113636,
-0.058120306581258774,
0.0826660618185997,
0.014356754720211029,
-0.07571399211883545,
0.04684772714972496,
-0.04733036458492279,
-0.011054852046072483,
-0.006658990401774645,
-0.04605034738779068,
0.015378163196146488,
-0.019157879054546356,
0.05646965280175209,
0.013372617773711681,
0.0576094426214695,
-0.025713296607136726,
0.003744452726095915,
-0.03831548988819122,
0.07354778796434402,
0.053593993186950684,
0.005570902954787016,
-0.040391311049461365,
-0.054519329220056534,
-0.02964067831635475,
-0.06509555131196976,
-0.009972786530852318,
0.07972130179405212,
-0.02111528068780899,
-0.06219903752207756,
0.01072708796709776,
0.0340333916246891,
0.043757177889347076,
-0.05887911841273308,
0.35343560576438904,
-0.023003259673714638,
0.017545083537697792,
-0.08104927092790604,
-0.02697843313217163,
-0.01108070183545351,
0.02393260784447193,
0.020048528909683228,
-0.006844146177172661,
-0.03277498856186867,
0.019846774637699127,
0.07596238702535629,
0.047405093908309937,
0.07767920941114426,
-0.030104534700512886,
0.0036127609200775623,
-0.056305065751075745,
-0.013273841701447964,
0.033447232097387314,
0.024793704971671104,
0.012104361318051815,
0.04732314869761467,
-0.0014244330814108253,
0.05876105651259422,
-0.008098214864730835,
-0.034319959580898285,
-0.02259298600256443,
-0.04841996356844902,
0.06829635053873062,
0.031593743711709976,
-0.0730758011341095,
0.0047380090691149235,
-0.027932357043027878,
-0.005112751387059689,
0.0026782925706356764,
0.04752877727150917,
0.017011893913149834,
0.0257479939609766,
0.028820106759667397,
0.017594551667571068,
0.006193578243255615,
0.015103466808795929,
-0.05421743169426918,
0.0208270400762558,
-0.08038580417633057,
-0.040457602590322495,
0.07205939292907715,
0.027602357789874077,
-0.04296678677201271,
-0.002513698535040021,
0.11478357762098312,
-0.005959572736173868,
0.08855881541967392,
-0.06831394881010056,
0.05038175359368324,
-0.03005039319396019,
0.04641022905707359,
-0.035458143800497055,
-0.018740756437182426,
0.002515945816412568,
-0.012001880444586277,
-0.08470786362886429,
-0.0022230350878089666,
-0.06986229866743088,
0.06821480393409729,
-0.007253314834088087,
-0.026142369955778122,
-0.06129421293735504,
0.005985389929264784,
-0.05321378633379936,
-0.02287156879901886,
0.009843720123171806,
-0.040761496871709824,
-0.0505664236843586,
-0.022247081622481346,
-0.05315987765789032,
-0.08862993121147156,
-0.04310080036520958,
0.007748388685286045,
0.028139106929302216,
0.07086266577243805,
0.024415932595729828,
-0.054150380194187164,
-0.029009565711021423,
-0.0335344634950161,
-0.0064249662682414055,
-0.027723586186766624,
-0.052975133061409,
0.026671895757317543,
0.051548585295677185,
-0.030947245657444,
-0.06619521975517273,
-0.020705312490463257,
-0.04076694697141647,
-0.0013608851004391909,
-0.06308665871620178,
-0.056977640837430954,
-0.06573458015918732,
-0.013418527320027351,
-0.022319499403238297,
0.0028656176291406155,
0.05322420597076416,
0.04164380580186844,
0.03228649124503136,
0.02779124304652214,
0.02300231344997883,
0.07050339132547379,
-0.01944149285554886,
0.040269024670124054,
0.06619495898485184,
-0.019207097589969635,
-0.002483161399140954,
-0.013901790603995323,
0.034221477806568146,
-0.026379721239209175,
-0.03665146976709366,
0.07083489745855331,
-0.008269735611975193,
-0.015233991667628288,
0.05805766582489014,
-0.04626890644431114,
0.061916716396808624,
-0.015725744888186455,
-0.06507907807826996,
-0.3139960467815399,
-0.027742912992835045,
-0.01736336573958397,
-0.05356835201382637,
0.03687501326203346,
-0.016680128872394562,
0.021901626139879227,
-0.04554278776049614,
-0.02318378910422325,
0.019373783841729164,
0.028618192300200462,
0.05807182565331459,
-0.06837566941976547,
-0.045714158564805984,
-0.05257432535290718,
0.045063719153404236,
0.07981369644403458,
-0.06563204526901245,
0.01482329424470663,
0.014432919211685658,
0.032912131398916245,
0.005059889983385801,
0.006240628194063902,
0.01627884991466999,
0.03844725713133812,
0.029542462900280952,
0.12845447659492493,
0.005077818408608437,
-0.005071923136711121,
-0.05877883359789848,
0.025365903973579407,
0.10653270781040192,
-0.02956775762140751,
-0.06559193879365921,
0.002247104188427329,
-0.039262957870960236,
-0.028086645528674126,
-0.03253180906176567,
-0.013700349256396294,
0.05615406110882759,
0.023525020107626915,
0.04863309860229492,
0.026982273906469345,
-0.022612785920500755,
-0.0736159235239029,
-0.007191547192633152,
0.05423900485038757,
0.007066093385219574,
-0.05696549639105797,
-0.026934944093227386,
0.03999002277851105,
0.0015091068344190717,
0.00938847754150629,
-0.017014741897583008,
0.037252847105264664,
0.03981849178671837,
-0.04350307583808899,
-0.017508123070001602,
-0.07899267971515656,
-0.01789451576769352,
0.01708362065255642,
0.005072261206805706,
0.01998673565685749,
0.000485137541545555,
0.024550646543502808,
0.016199639067053795,
-0.010027630254626274,
-0.03735315054655075,
0.07681135088205338,
0.03027203679084778,
0.001713248435407877,
0.14308002591133118,
0.04930666834115982,
0.04802815988659859,
0.10176178812980652,
0.0054933419451117516,
0.005567951127886772,
-0.0703161358833313,
-0.06520814448595047,
0.01221387181431055,
0.011510784737765789,
-0.023453364148736,
0.004177880007773638,
0.04029407352209091,
-0.01989637315273285,
-0.0030347395222634077,
0.03083936683833599,
-0.05842333659529686,
0.016014758497476578,
0.0300759170204401,
-0.01911201886832714,
0.01899094693362713,
0.04711809381842613,
-0.03091970458626747,
0.020451726391911507,
-0.0072594597004354,
-0.2864632308483124,
0.00977106299251318,
0.09244722872972488,
0.01382608525454998,
-0.030308831483125687,
0.035189852118492126,
0.044947948306798935,
0.004073569551110268,
-0.06371114403009415,
0.020779045298695564,
0.008059884421527386,
0.0024719256907701492,
0.015244433656334877,
-0.003164878813549876,
-0.03606892004609108,
-0.0022025189828127623,
0.03015516698360443,
0.03533748537302017,
0.032122161239385605,
-0.041290704160928726,
0.020979562774300575,
-0.02600560523569584,
0.13448075950145721,
0.012304635718464851,
-0.008548731915652752,
0.011536682024598122,
0.04229374974966049,
0.0020537730306386948,
0.0046741049736738205,
0.028410565108060837,
0.00694474158808589,
-0.028600022196769714,
0.0728517547249794,
-0.02486829273402691,
-0.005329090170562267,
-0.018342040479183197,
0.01926204189658165,
0.02004147879779339,
0.020541880279779434,
-0.04347071424126625,
-0.005243001040071249,
-0.005347922910004854,
-0.03871368244290352,
-0.006411217153072357,
0.052046969532966614,
-0.10464237630367279,
0.03314933925867081,
-0.011116296984255314,
-0.014530174434185028,
-0.0005266933003440499,
-0.002693302696570754,
-0.051224034279584885,
-0.019655143842101097,
-0.016240619122982025,
0.004807166289538145,
-0.02597946859896183,
0.05928290635347366,
0.029786115512251854,
0.01811300218105316,
0.055555280297994614,
-0.012567072175443172,
0.016451794654130936,
-0.0027704457752406597,
0.09978026896715164,
0.027804650366306305
] |
PMID:19716
|
Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase of normal and denervated skeletal muscle.
|
Cyclic nucleotides mediate the intracellular effects of various extracellular influences. To explore the possibility that nerve-muscle influences are mediated by cyclic nucleotides, we studied the effect of denervation on the cyclase enzymes of rabbit gastrocnemius using the contralateral, unoperated limb as the control. Adenylate cyclase activity decreased dramatically after denervation, while guanylate cyclase activity increased several times in all tissue fractions studied. Neither enzyme demonstrated cholinergic responsiveness. The dramatic changes in cyclase activities following denervation could result from a role of these enzymes in the mediation of nerve-muscle influences.
|
Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase of normal and denervated skeletal muscle. Cyclic nucleotides mediate the intracellular effects of various extracellular influences. To explore the possibility that nerve-muscle influences are mediated by cyclic nucleotides, we studied the effect of denervation on the cyclase enzymes of rabbit gastrocnemius using the contralateral, unoperated limb as the control. Adenylate cyclase activity decreased dramatically after denervation, while guanylate cyclase activity increased several times in all tissue fractions studied. Neither enzyme demonstrated cholinergic responsiveness. The dramatic changes in cyclase activities following denervation could result from a role of these enzymes in the mediation of nerve-muscle influences.
|
[
-0.03928504139184952,
-0.03858248516917229,
-0.008212385699152946,
-0.01733081042766571,
0.09287567436695099,
-0.03211271017789841,
0.01766061596572399,
0.022332152351737022,
0.0021682046353816986,
-0.04694828391075134,
0.0466555692255497,
-0.02313251979649067,
-0.03039226494729519,
0.01433914341032505,
-0.012029305100440979,
-0.03798539191484451,
0.008167004212737083,
0.02863403968513012,
-0.04657180979847908,
-0.023725319653749466,
-0.03619029372930527,
-0.0011366188991814852,
0.0631534531712532,
-0.045444414019584656,
-0.025201592594385147,
-0.0006368901231326163,
-0.02047673799097538,
-0.02749725617468357,
-0.0813828557729721,
-0.18270213901996613,
0.006518065929412842,
0.03823615610599518,
-0.003690319135785103,
-0.03416742756962776,
0.010726681910455227,
0.034929461777210236,
-0.030589139088988304,
-0.014117376878857613,
-0.03117387555539608,
0.04978369548916817,
0.03488616645336151,
0.02136389911174774,
0.0011032106122002006,
0.03478473424911499,
0.06601876020431519,
-0.035213254392147064,
-0.015023973770439625,
-0.02679625153541565,
0.07512816041707993,
0.019570903852581978,
0.04397784546017647,
-0.031996212899684906,
0.010183042846620083,
-0.00017735622532200068,
0.044551219791173935,
0.02709207870066166,
0.0000037769291338918265,
0.08033468574285507,
0.004565967712551355,
0.005641026422381401,
0.028906075283885002,
0.05809421464800835,
-0.13671380281448364,
0.0237269289791584,
0.04373428225517273,
-0.019866108894348145,
0.006043771281838417,
-0.007992262952029705,
0.040384359657764435,
0.07267633825540543,
-0.07483931630849838,
0.03628740832209587,
-0.0027265853714197874,
-0.0045364415273070335,
-0.007692338898777962,
-0.03187280520796776,
-0.03422921150922775,
0.03868447616696358,
0.05405742675065994,
0.014698533341288567,
0.027415599673986435,
-0.0013266298919916153,
0.02403843216598034,
-0.05369400978088379,
-0.03183228150010109,
0.0005306891398504376,
-0.003430265001952648,
-0.0606689453125,
-0.0369747057557106,
0.004242043010890484,
-0.07257115840911865,
-0.05132720246911049,
-0.005722872447222471,
-0.027604537084698677,
-0.07627881318330765,
0.05716627463698387,
0.03399869427084923,
-0.02558848075568676,
-0.05900029093027115,
0.33370599150657654,
-0.037946831434965134,
0.024619178846478462,
-0.06093444675207138,
-0.009217983111739159,
-0.028221160173416138,
-0.012758306227624416,
-0.004737795330584049,
-0.01241503655910492,
-0.054226215928792953,
0.03392656520009041,
0.07578659802675247,
0.012667648494243622,
-0.020445439964532852,
-0.014694087207317352,
-0.02316870167851448,
0.05566044896841049,
0.04704603925347328,
0.029289906844496727,
0.01641933247447014,
0.02501937747001648,
-0.0760696679353714,
-0.068363256752491,
0.02263605408370495,
-0.0052113584242761135,
0.02809927798807621,
0.004694405943155289,
-0.07806255668401718,
0.11913452297449112,
0.0685446485877037,
-0.02581513300538063,
0.04690437763929367,
0.006173927802592516,
-0.03533313050866127,
0.045396577566862106,
0.04517707973718643,
-0.004470047075301409,
0.046967651695013046,
-0.055414874106645584,
0.009700827300548553,
-0.013065292499959469,
0.007833335548639297,
-0.10222970694303513,
-0.007337325252592564,
-0.052051905542612076,
-0.03467605262994766,
0.08485168218612671,
0.032036662101745605,
0.04232563450932503,
-0.05671574920415878,
0.034818753600120544,
0.013355541974306107,
0.04865023493766785,
-0.04944119229912758,
0.04471416398882866,
0.00623394176363945,
0.07285012304782867,
-0.0025507116224616766,
-0.020911216735839844,
0.03562840074300766,
-0.018510831519961357,
-0.12140955775976181,
-0.03815503045916557,
0.040484994649887085,
0.02400759607553482,
0.08748916536569595,
-0.015180600807070732,
-0.026357058435678482,
0.010908992029726505,
0.00022483761131297797,
0.01405219454318285,
0.0066733346320688725,
0.01597130112349987,
-0.016772715374827385,
-0.017685655504465103,
-0.009767716750502586,
0.057035308331251144,
0.05379597097635269,
-0.004387606866657734,
0.05447452887892723,
0.03915327042341232,
0.03306913375854492,
-0.02030051313340664,
0.0015290137380361557,
0.039351172745227814,
0.018442023545503616,
0.009141547605395317,
-0.07870366424322128,
0.029968298971652985,
0.030020199716091156,
0.05290088430047035,
-0.04425491765141487,
-0.034248482435941696,
-0.11076723039150238,
0.004052197095006704,
-0.09036820381879807,
-0.05177103355526924,
-0.0014650330413132906,
-0.012856360524892807,
-0.0021842343267053366,
-0.017414813861250877,
0.07292956858873367,
0.06820160150527954,
0.034333083778619766,
0.09722800552845001,
-0.01514316163957119,
0.07432740926742554,
-0.07150900363922119,
0.03815261647105217,
0.07441828399896622,
0.02980988286435604,
0.015334833413362503,
0.018525447696447372,
0.05147979408502579,
-0.026118017733097076,
-0.031105060130357742,
0.02227790467441082,
-0.027156587690114975,
0.080033078789711,
0.05180109664797783,
-0.002449921565130353,
0.01438984740525484,
-0.07035607844591141,
-0.04036187753081322,
-0.28432250022888184,
-0.08607962727546692,
0.0027283895760774612,
-0.03739716485142708,
0.05936628580093384,
-0.0363558791577816,
0.0545959509909153,
-0.028498997911810875,
-0.00936361774802208,
-0.06353913247585297,
0.014741966500878334,
0.07880565524101257,
-0.062429770827293396,
-0.057983893901109695,
-0.027575720101594925,
0.091370590031147,
0.018393686041235924,
-0.032538723200559616,
-0.011125684715807438,
0.030211111530661583,
0.05058683454990387,
0.03334645554423332,
-0.01126467902213335,
0.012020357884466648,
0.03619087487459183,
-0.03174719959497452,
0.08075971901416779,
0.05098079517483711,
0.022036297246813774,
0.030849190428853035,
-0.01242803130298853,
0.034477945417165756,
-0.039860185235738754,
-0.11102848500013351,
-0.010585221461951733,
-0.03208791837096214,
-0.037929095327854156,
0.023960420861840248,
-0.005569401662796736,
-0.012790613807737827,
-0.011777869425714016,
0.03508686274290085,
-0.004954382311552763,
0.009231668896973133,
-0.024259347468614578,
0.013997815549373627,
0.014955881051719189,
0.02990228869020939,
0.00577350752428174,
-0.09434057772159576,
0.038276929408311844,
0.012616145424544811,
-0.03131259232759476,
-0.05728945508599281,
-0.042882341891527176,
-0.03696984797716141,
-0.0556524358689785,
-0.00642648758366704,
-0.038761015981435776,
0.009822113439440727,
0.012217878364026546,
-0.012153184041380882,
-0.03155352175235748,
0.031342241913080215,
0.005393604282289743,
0.032076332718133926,
0.011704458855092525,
-0.011022744700312614,
0.014730415306985378,
-0.005461659282445908,
0.005519942380487919,
0.12864071130752563,
0.015258275903761387,
-0.0010745979379862547,
0.03079390712082386,
0.01722181774675846,
-0.0251155998557806,
0.015169475227594376,
-0.0774001032114029,
-0.007367883808910847,
-0.052648577839136124,
-0.028464078903198242,
0.07427459210157394,
-0.012543621473014355,
-0.05770399793982506,
-0.0219362061470747,
0.010169883258640766,
-0.01875358447432518,
0.06808170676231384,
-0.0583995021879673,
0.03371352329850197,
0.017364809289574623,
-0.039925966411828995,
-0.030760284513235092,
0.028853707015514374,
0.004205986391752958,
-0.2509913146495819,
0.029627704992890358,
0.009740352630615234,
-0.04609660059213638,
-0.015050676651299,
0.04841993749141693,
0.02457193285226822,
-0.025698045268654823,
-0.02703232131898403,
0.07779063284397125,
0.0665421411395073,
0.03517674282193184,
0.016860824078321457,
0.0731067880988121,
-0.005886766128242016,
0.05996302515268326,
0.10487843304872513,
-0.05723198875784874,
0.028942789882421494,
-0.046567000448703766,
0.03720080107450485,
-0.013003780506551266,
0.15921711921691895,
0.028935540467500687,
0.046487148851156235,
0.02629595808684826,
-0.04861563816666603,
0.03080575540661812,
-0.02626284956932068,
0.024628475308418274,
-0.061260879039764404,
0.0029405078385025263,
0.06782958656549454,
-0.0569065622985363,
0.01724100112915039,
0.027419887483119965,
-0.04666281118988991,
-0.0030753964092582464,
-0.00730777345597744,
-0.03454256057739258,
-0.0034562828950583935,
0.0005179780418984592,
-0.03949909284710884,
-0.0585964098572731,
0.06809008866548538,
-0.05928011238574982,
-0.03488027676939964,
-0.05050386115908623,
-0.0042947991751134396,
0.02362760901451111,
-0.008393899537622929,
-0.023726530373096466,
0.04915561527013779,
0.021124836057424545,
-0.04018757492303848,
-0.0353621281683445,
-0.05660643056035042,
-0.009898445568978786,
0.031352292746305466,
0.03491855412721634,
-0.013950599357485771,
-0.02795267105102539,
-0.014887054450809956,
0.04059648886322975,
0.026606665924191475
] |
PMID:19719
|
Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy.
|
Two cases of Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy are presented. The obstetric courses of these women are compared with those of 7 others described in the literature. Symptoms of this rare condition may respond variably during pregnancy. Of the 9 women, 5 had worsening of their symptoms during gestation while 4 had milder symptoms than they had had prior to pregnancy. The best therapy is rest. Vaginal delivery is recommended and cesarean section should be reserved for obstetric indications.
|
Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy. Two cases of Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy are presented. The obstetric courses of these women are compared with those of 7 others described in the literature. Symptoms of this rare condition may respond variably during pregnancy. Of the 9 women, 5 had worsening of their symptoms during gestation while 4 had milder symptoms than they had had prior to pregnancy. The best therapy is rest. Vaginal delivery is recommended and cesarean section should be reserved for obstetric indications.
|
[
0.014414853416383266,
-0.0446525476872921,
-0.04932878166437149,
0.09979734569787979,
-0.036490827798843384,
0.030067818239331245,
0.07242727279663086,
0.051341474056243896,
-0.015654277056455612,
-0.022120380774140358,
-0.053228430449962616,
-0.054850462824106216,
-0.006034450605511665,
0.055475786328315735,
-0.046978432685136795,
-0.02738935500383377,
-0.006388538517057896,
0.012801873497664928,
-0.06828957796096802,
0.023463822901248932,
-0.02943846583366394,
0.03938949480652809,
-0.044736187905073166,
0.01076464168727398,
0.002534297527745366,
-0.044018834829330444,
0.004495306871831417,
-0.02663147822022438,
-0.024615710601210594,
-0.07847516983747482,
-0.07952730357646942,
-0.04750220105051994,
0.008124473504722118,
0.07828931510448456,
-0.007709119003266096,
-0.04530840739607811,
-0.03614110127091408,
0.08599305152893066,
-0.03258150443434715,
0.047885775566101074,
-0.014396313577890396,
0.044217754155397415,
0.0677277147769928,
-0.041471268981695175,
-0.01094738394021988,
0.039299026131629944,
-0.02333623729646206,
0.025878844782710075,
0.05661429464817047,
-0.02474740706384182,
0.008312382735311985,
-0.005894089117646217,
0.05134037509560585,
0.0786222442984581,
-0.00003610572821344249,
0.024109411984682083,
-0.00015097399591468275,
-0.023080140352249146,
0.00574704771861434,
0.03247474133968353,
0.027724768966436386,
-0.006979022640734911,
-0.05177953839302063,
0.04788016900420189,
-0.024069486185908318,
0.03390533849596977,
0.01675996370613575,
-0.042355407029390335,
0.10449789464473724,
0.035458240658044815,
0.043457966297864914,
0.022634020075201988,
-0.004540717229247093,
0.09405212104320526,
-0.02149299904704094,
-0.04333578050136566,
0.01172288041561842,
0.02879294939339161,
-0.026477761566638947,
0.04009564220905304,
0.03756338730454445,
0.011327382177114487,
0.018462641164660454,
-0.036582909524440765,
-0.013761813752353191,
-0.007832453586161137,
-0.04451936110854149,
-0.06891408562660217,
-0.06569474935531616,
0.00448253657668829,
0.008226980455219746,
-0.05078977718949318,
-0.00043387553887441754,
0.025543207302689552,
-0.05925990641117096,
0.026990503072738647,
0.009435104206204414,
-0.03196990117430687,
-0.01781809888780117,
0.38611963391304016,
-0.060154881328344345,
-0.031223759055137634,
-0.0007707214099355042,
0.01797119341790676,
0.005700623616576195,
0.02096087485551834,
-0.04201781749725342,
-0.024665463715791702,
-0.03203896805644035,
0.04056614264845848,
-0.024887405335903168,
-0.05141032114624977,
0.05358079820871353,
-0.055444344878196716,
-0.034017618745565414,
0.014331423677504063,
0.06295961141586304,
0.0019311169162392616,
-0.052448682487010956,
0.07475627213716507,
-0.002565443515777588,
-0.004812935367226601,
0.04553521052002907,
-0.10690333694219589,
0.027862748131155968,
-0.0063608079217374325,
0.018479984253644943,
0.011638556607067585,
0.0024455166421830654,
-0.005788951646536589,
0.07381972670555115,
0.037724561989307404,
-0.06582217663526535,
0.0030567338690161705,
0.018208490684628487,
-0.0007073497981764376,
-0.07442548125982285,
0.008161705918610096,
0.005364804062992334,
0.04466136544942856,
0.034085504710674286,
-0.06110943853855133,
-0.020448198541998863,
-0.07379712164402008,
-0.09609290957450867,
0.10623762756586075,
-0.04714541509747505,
0.061562035232782364,
0.014943824149668217,
-0.012834172695875168,
0.02576342783868313,
0.030985375866293907,
0.010629001073539257,
-0.009459057822823524,
0.04454978182911873,
-0.06691309064626694,
-0.06422171741724014,
0.07874703407287598,
0.005496514029800892,
-0.0201463233679533,
0.012912039645016193,
-0.03563820943236351,
-0.03866197541356087,
0.005581784062087536,
0.039962831884622574,
-0.01785607635974884,
-0.037233732640743256,
0.007796559017151594,
0.0005377496127039194,
-0.05764879658818245,
-0.007503966335207224,
-0.021039003506302834,
0.016526851803064346,
-0.009950787760317326,
0.08451876044273376,
-0.0000400147691834718,
-0.006173914298415184,
-0.005735865794122219,
-0.012676403857767582,
0.0006872742087580264,
0.02441726066172123,
0.0521906241774559,
0.05550578609108925,
0.002210470149293542,
0.026862358674407005,
-0.04760356619954109,
0.00562013266608119,
0.024729663506150246,
0.01325717382133007,
-0.02714483067393303,
-0.005020969081670046,
-0.11606353521347046,
-0.057216204702854156,
-0.02647511102259159,
-0.003983982838690281,
-0.052674341946840286,
0.04275929555296898,
-0.040079616010189056,
0.06145874038338661,
-0.016248079016804695,
0.054661594331264496,
0.005917668342590332,
-0.007756292819976807,
0.042319156229496,
0.012539451010525227,
0.01583901233971119,
0.039681386202573776,
-0.040103182196617126,
-0.08404175937175751,
0.0010436702286824584,
0.01549628097563982,
0.09358130395412445,
0.034381892532110214,
0.03076869249343872,
-0.020697271451354027,
0.06266175210475922,
0.006659055594354868,
0.08503726869821548,
0.005155154503881931,
0.0522131472826004,
0.09983448684215546,
-0.024316130205988884,
0.023690219968557358,
-0.28877922892570496,
-0.04261791333556175,
-0.01185191422700882,
-0.06951255351305008,
0.003361386014148593,
-0.028155528008937836,
-0.042718466371297836,
-0.007666272576898336,
0.04693164303898811,
-0.0009233510936610401,
0.024537263438105583,
0.07961727678775787,
-0.029451675713062286,
-0.06952666491270065,
0.021137727424502373,
0.023862186819314957,
-0.018102211877703667,
-0.06938239932060242,
0.024217898026108742,
-0.03337809443473816,
-0.01393562089651823,
-0.00540031585842371,
-0.0032255523838102818,
0.0218735970556736,
0.028596431016921997,
0.029637787491083145,
0.1181354969739914,
0.02966470457613468,
0.047239869832992554,
-0.0969962626695633,
0.02975018322467804,
-0.02074698731303215,
-0.0005200235755182803,
-0.03697730228304863,
0.08772677183151245,
0.013666033744812012,
-0.06385780870914459,
-0.06985094398260117,
-0.021389087662100792,
0.019800912588834763,
-0.031982071697711945,
-0.04646511375904083,
-0.030497463420033455,
0.06102491170167923,
-0.05715081840753555,
-0.013948666863143444,
-0.02149660512804985,
0.0004159062809776515,
0.009405309334397316,
0.07249366492033005,
-0.045144811272621155,
0.04446575418114662,
-0.047261666506528854,
-0.01883959397673607,
0.011780529282987118,
-0.021987734362483025,
-0.07174617797136307,
-0.01814514584839344,
-0.02503582462668419,
-0.05043360963463783,
-0.01964116096496582,
0.014926258474588394,
0.03171925246715546,
-0.04867851361632347,
-0.05203348398208618,
0.003631036262959242,
0.029376834630966187,
0.04730373993515968,
0.04621552303433418,
0.04700109362602234,
-0.01778884045779705,
0.10643179714679718,
-0.038013435900211334,
-0.004394083749502897,
0.06511372327804565,
0.01406404934823513,
-0.026293016970157623,
-0.07029419392347336,
-0.07068522274494171,
-0.019410334527492523,
0.01607682928442955,
-0.05664020776748657,
0.02976282499730587,
0.07294278591871262,
-0.04562889412045479,
0.011387601494789124,
-0.004887099843472242,
0.011115413159132004,
-0.03061545267701149,
-0.010903043672442436,
0.026658859103918076,
-0.03719713166356087,
-0.022787604480981827,
0.0037769044283777475,
-0.0016875024884939194,
0.03863333538174629,
-0.24385596811771393,
-0.03584666550159454,
-0.027145175263285637,
-0.04242954030632973,
-0.01990930736064911,
0.0203817468136549,
-0.05531759560108185,
-0.03641083464026451,
-0.02781556360423565,
-0.021214066073298454,
0.026499085128307343,
-0.04314332455396652,
0.042739368975162506,
0.03507214039564133,
0.005961379501968622,
0.025806497782468796,
0.021805480122566223,
-0.021360155194997787,
-0.012852495536208153,
-0.05212241783738136,
0.01157901156693697,
0.020533716306090355,
0.14839936792850494,
0.049606647342443466,
-0.023847416043281555,
-0.04605277627706528,
0.05670641362667084,
0.06048719212412834,
0.004418072756379843,
0.03219695761799812,
-0.02288786694407463,
0.0391109399497509,
0.018362421542406082,
0.000011168804121552967,
0.04482799395918846,
0.021093785762786865,
-0.07716332376003265,
0.0735025405883789,
0.058334387838840485,
0.05336134135723114,
0.025858500972390175,
-0.041526757180690765,
-0.0688607469201088,
-0.07639353722333908,
0.0801151916384697,
0.0021762980613857508,
-0.014236291870474815,
-0.022340578958392143,
0.024926014244556427,
0.027545560151338577,
0.017072541639208794,
0.027560850605368614,
0.015941673889756203,
-0.018139077350497246,
0.04573441296815872,
-0.011024131439626217,
0.060558754950761795,
-0.003602555487304926,
-0.05234716832637787,
-0.009363491088151932,
0.04588489979505539,
0.000027158279408467934,
-0.04481039568781853,
0.10039382427930832,
0.04737509787082672
] |
PMID:19721
|
The role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life.
|
Adsorption of nucleoside phosphates on the surfaces of volcanic rocks has been studied. Differences in the absorption of some nucleoside phosphates on the surface of basalt cinder have been found. Differences in the adsorption of similar molecules on different mineral surfaces have also been shown. Different adsorptive capacities may have served as a mechanism for the selection of organic molecules during prebiotic evolution.
|
The role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life. Adsorption of nucleoside phosphates on the surfaces of volcanic rocks has been studied. Differences in the absorption of some nucleoside phosphates on the surface of basalt cinder have been found. Differences in the adsorption of similar molecules on different mineral surfaces have also been shown. Different adsorptive capacities may have served as a mechanism for the selection of organic molecules during prebiotic evolution.
|
[
-0.04297090321779251,
0.02240907959640026,
0.014123314991593361,
0.012190911918878555,
-0.012052633799612522,
-0.022137045860290527,
0.05563991516828537,
0.037930380553007126,
-0.056890252977609634,
-0.036453112959861755,
0.04766909405589104,
-0.06292009353637695,
0.012742851860821247,
0.007340858690440655,
0.03537485748529434,
-0.00012587945093400776,
-0.026735737919807434,
0.056948237121105194,
-0.03888546675443649,
-0.007157967891544104,
0.051742810755968094,
-0.048718806356191635,
-0.011630775406956673,
-0.03575282171368599,
0.01826910488307476,
0.044555988162755966,
0.019787482917308807,
0.03176453709602356,
-0.02579723671078682,
-0.17812754213809967,
-0.010512269102036953,
0.024267949163913727,
0.032842524349689484,
-0.03856351971626282,
-0.004152599256485701,
0.0799843892455101,
-0.06636656075716019,
-0.006639419589191675,
-0.07335787266492844,
0.06311722099781036,
0.03617570921778679,
0.026524240151047707,
-0.03805365413427353,
0.01594218797981739,
-0.03304422274231911,
0.005805729888379574,
0.004821397829800844,
-0.01032845489680767,
0.030120568349957466,
-0.03150871396064758,
-0.009107140824198723,
0.005474336910992861,
-0.03744623437523842,
0.013011899776756763,
-0.02092161402106285,
-0.003791216993704438,
0.009226053953170776,
-0.013096509501338005,
0.02973511628806591,
0.018286509439349174,
0.011716452427208424,
-0.017971906810998917,
-0.13115976750850677,
0.0944182351231575,
0.10270462930202484,
0.015200570225715637,
-0.0003551966219674796,
-0.04247075319290161,
0.016928093507885933,
0.01225889939814806,
-0.05071011558175087,
0.0475834459066391,
0.02136680670082569,
-0.0020260915625840425,
0.0019223213894292712,
0.01587645336985588,
-0.031055603176355362,
-0.026392031461000443,
0.043348342180252075,
-0.07669530063867569,
0.008215646259486675,
0.04039902612566948,
0.025711169466376305,
0.00637440150603652,
-0.07085683196783066,
-0.0060988422483205795,
0.01424558274447918,
-0.015879373997449875,
0.04004186764359474,
0.04950276017189026,
0.040626950562000275,
-0.03383740410208702,
-0.006954512093216181,
0.03367640823125839,
-0.031518448144197464,
0.04589146375656128,
-0.013947740197181702,
0.0194797795265913,
0.05554309859871864,
0.3671693205833435,
-0.0324801467359066,
0.08238451182842255,
-0.05139356479048729,
0.017116986215114594,
0.004088313318789005,
0.008906536735594273,
-0.03219469264149666,
-0.025086892768740654,
0.042114779353141785,
0.027209075167775154,
0.07047220319509506,
-0.029453834518790245,
-0.051851991564035416,
-0.06060481071472168,
0.00529078533872962,
-0.05856653302907944,
-0.02611328847706318,
-0.002785598859190941,
-0.027333149686455727,
-0.07628819346427917,
-0.09490750730037689,
-0.022339601069688797,
0.038839325308799744,
-0.039234839379787445,
-0.006113093346357346,
0.030719585716724396,
-0.022254791110754013,
0.07941491156816483,
0.014935299754142761,
-0.02692602016031742,
0.09564150124788284,
-0.05659841373562813,
-0.007838749326765537,
-0.01034681685268879,
0.014396371319890022,
0.01481552328914404,
-0.01934443786740303,
-0.06091347336769104,
0.008788598701357841,
0.026168422773480415,
-0.06499934941530228,
-0.054090116173028946,
-0.01743081957101822,
-0.06440447270870209,
0.018186014145612717,
0.05729464814066887,
0.03365268558263779,
0.07256434112787247,
0.007461608853191137,
0.006116634234786034,
-0.07317817211151123,
0.07256690412759781,
-0.034147217869758606,
0.06410148739814758,
-0.05235297232866287,
-0.0009035012917593122,
-0.013474641367793083,
-0.05848444998264313,
0.0058387513272464275,
-0.026373526081442833,
-0.018864110112190247,
0.026647593826055527,
0.006369701586663723,
0.1013331338763237,
0.0211007259786129,
-0.011298277415335178,
-0.04847808554768562,
-0.01633295975625515,
0.005107840523123741,
0.029276814311742783,
0.023112433031201363,
-0.027909891679883003,
0.0003142555651720613,
-0.07646911591291428,
0.07790691405534744,
0.0016683180583640933,
0.0016433714190497994,
0.04447086155414581,
0.013055128045380116,
-0.03599825128912926,
0.014288430102169514,
0.008429410867393017,
0.0005305639933794737,
-0.024668434634804726,
0.011501592583954334,
-0.07131057232618332,
-0.06359883397817612,
0.05319860950112343,
-0.0023531029000878334,
0.03789467737078667,
0.03211876377463341,
-0.03501887246966362,
-0.056683339178562164,
0.005087199155241251,
-0.003940465860068798,
-0.0009441545116715133,
0.026190580800175667,
-0.015132825821638107,
-0.030638743191957474,
0.01888059265911579,
0.03495713323354721,
0.03257288411259651,
-0.0426969937980175,
0.014734259806573391,
-0.03344181552529335,
-0.00672945287078619,
0.01345150638371706,
0.057734593749046326,
0.018596226349473,
-0.027306154370307922,
-0.04221846163272858,
0.022220201790332794,
-0.08688125014305115,
0.04432349279522896,
-0.01368151605129242,
-0.022895224392414093,
0.021629558876156807,
-0.04086589440703392,
0.09144937992095947,
-0.01605958677828312,
0.03024984896183014,
-0.09347155690193176,
-0.027260426431894302,
-0.31586986780166626,
-0.036560606211423874,
0.005543027073144913,
0.01103560347110033,
0.09932538866996765,
0.03087630309164524,
0.029612457379698753,
0.012964109890162945,
-0.04826043173670769,
-0.08029648661613464,
0.03501482680439949,
0.03583601862192154,
0.014535858295857906,
-0.012866240926086903,
-0.042765062302351,
-0.015752622857689857,
0.0048663723282516,
-0.02580397017300129,
-0.015863606706261635,
-0.009458436630666256,
0.03560781106352806,
-0.03286546468734741,
0.03353425860404968,
-0.0029438287019729614,
0.045002974569797516,
-0.008006748743355274,
0.10053300857543945,
0.018864193931221962,
-0.07011064887046814,
0.01901773177087307,
0.054292984306812286,
-0.03235640749335289,
-0.006297824904322624,
-0.09502232074737549,
-0.029587673023343086,
0.00609024940058589,
0.015064863488078117,
-0.07181478291749954,
-0.016672354191541672,
-0.057753000408411026,
0.006651655770838261,
0.046931177377700806,
0.01173014659434557,
0.021641764789819717,
-0.03612484782934189,
0.02492930367588997,
-0.027248401194810867,
0.043464161455631256,
0.015026644803583622,
-0.00920138880610466,
0.08191096037626266,
0.04877002537250519,
0.005194986239075661,
-0.0012836039531975985,
-0.010402915067970753,
-0.019456274807453156,
-0.0345948226749897,
-0.005257546901702881,
-0.06492110341787338,
0.03737422078847885,
-0.012579510919749737,
-0.010502694174647331,
0.005734500475227833,
-0.022765690460801125,
-0.012759803794324398,
0.04454254359006882,
-0.01425953209400177,
-0.03857050836086273,
0.05636581405997276,
-0.028603587299585342,
0.006843899376690388,
0.10434728115797043,
-0.06461184471845627,
0.04375379905104637,
-0.005894696339964867,
0.022110145539045334,
-0.0023427908308804035,
-0.032178521156311035,
0.0793079137802124,
0.0048203058540821075,
0.053418323397636414,
-0.02362658828496933,
0.04957187548279762,
0.03518559783697128,
0.026813019067049026,
0.03219222649931908,
0.013945057988166809,
-0.047433529049158096,
-0.006111504044383764,
0.02275056578218937,
-0.006760662887245417,
0.007921406999230385,
-0.05832387134432793,
-0.0164724662899971,
0.06085343286395073,
0.01152164675295353,
-0.2779695987701416,
-0.007598361000418663,
0.020289819687604904,
0.05003876984119415,
-0.010606208816170692,
-0.007321137469261885,
0.03840865567326546,
0.061924584209918976,
0.01963142491877079,
0.018633617088198662,
0.013252021744847298,
0.004407679196447134,
0.025936169549822807,
0.029174059629440308,
-0.03672733157873154,
0.021732497960329056,
0.07966989278793335,
-0.032896317541599274,
-0.047546226531267166,
-0.04014883562922478,
0.022082839161157608,
-0.01666577160358429,
0.19368824362754822,
-0.027620235458016396,
-0.04578461870551109,
0.009017265401780605,
-0.013638485223054886,
0.05520104616880417,
-0.018200086429715157,
-0.010721434839069843,
0.030533982440829277,
0.021317673847079277,
0.013001413084566593,
-0.03444652631878853,
0.0031179620418697596,
0.09681425243616104,
0.037263404577970505,
-0.010089142248034477,
0.012344217859208584,
0.006737465970218182,
-0.06127350777387619,
0.015239538624882698,
-0.0951937586069107,
0.001370915793813765,
0.09524423629045486,
-0.12691669166088104,
-0.02157168835401535,
-0.037981659173965454,
0.07200321555137634,
0.019320985302329063,
-0.00432551046833396,
-0.025790059939026833,
-0.016767743974924088,
-0.0198673103004694,
0.01790245808660984,
-0.031492896378040314,
-0.04200298711657524,
-0.014212536625564098,
0.05502406880259514,
-0.004788663703948259,
0.044664088636636734,
0.015152174048125744,
0.005389031954109669,
0.022572560235857964,
0.021024873480200768
] |
PMID:19724
|
Management of the child with recurrent asthma.
|
A rational approach to the evaluation of the child with chronic asthma has been presented. The importance of careful historical, physical, and pulmonary assessment is stressed, especially since asthma may exist without overt wheezing. General allergic as well as sequential pharmacologic management of this disease is also discussed. A knowledge of the biochemical and pathophysiologic alterations in asthma should lead to rational and specific therapy that preserves normal function and decreases the long-term morbidity and mortality of the disease.
|
Management of the child with recurrent asthma. A rational approach to the evaluation of the child with chronic asthma has been presented. The importance of careful historical, physical, and pulmonary assessment is stressed, especially since asthma may exist without overt wheezing. General allergic as well as sequential pharmacologic management of this disease is also discussed. A knowledge of the biochemical and pathophysiologic alterations in asthma should lead to rational and specific therapy that preserves normal function and decreases the long-term morbidity and mortality of the disease.
|
[
-0.02383676916360855,
-0.008241006173193455,
0.06768562644720078,
0.022827129811048508,
-0.06799064576625824,
0.0012182221980765462,
0.05720669403672218,
0.04385364055633545,
-0.08206892758607864,
-0.07796527445316315,
0.023239821195602417,
-0.018874358385801315,
0.01688884012401104,
0.08935578912496567,
0.015103616751730442,
0.013654687441885471,
0.038580603897571564,
0.057194627821445465,
-0.05006803944706917,
-0.018784979358315468,
0.006562177091836929,
0.046119604259729385,
0.032836392521858215,
-0.0086576659232378,
0.046336233615875244,
0.006252042017877102,
0.017919201403856277,
0.016432080417871475,
-0.05057559162378311,
-0.09850718080997467,
0.03266509622335434,
-0.021766236051917076,
-0.00327347032725811,
0.015084446407854557,
-0.03317438066005707,
0.0037386745680123568,
-0.011889277026057243,
0.08100177347660065,
-0.008619575761258602,
0.10081988573074341,
-0.020682035014033318,
0.06187953054904938,
0.04695066437125206,
0.006345463450998068,
-0.01735212281346321,
0.009652920067310333,
-0.06923714280128479,
-0.03295678645372391,
0.061916984617710114,
0.011876329779624939,
0.06820961087942123,
0.021855946630239487,
-0.04053743928670883,
0.049688223749399185,
-0.0557587593793869,
0.006744847167283297,
-0.008360032923519611,
0.002917776582762599,
0.019027290865778923,
-0.015855181962251663,
0.021612491458654404,
0.08976981043815613,
-0.08906716853380203,
0.11068173497915268,
0.009694933891296387,
0.02089129388332367,
-0.005136500578373671,
0.02952480874955654,
0.030724605545401573,
0.046388890594244,
-0.021470649167895317,
0.015424040146172047,
-0.00799321848899126,
0.10557820647954941,
-0.025300119072198868,
0.0007547785062342882,
-0.02102152444422245,
-0.030036507174372673,
0.006077047437429428,
0.03332355618476868,
0.007774011697620153,
0.05507013946771622,
-0.014861882664263248,
-0.0956544280052185,
-0.009452378377318382,
-0.026617098599672318,
-0.048121098428964615,
-0.04354749619960785,
-0.018706047907471657,
0.0014701375039294362,
0.007123897783458233,
-0.03623003140091896,
-0.03424078971147537,
0.02253524586558342,
-0.03872406482696533,
0.02235325612127781,
-0.01874385215342045,
-0.017794987186789513,
-0.09607215970754623,
0.4121830463409424,
-0.012206709943711758,
0.010943848639726639,
-0.02215963415801525,
0.05411629378795624,
-0.03381054103374481,
-0.018033351749181747,
-0.052644841372966766,
-0.06920817494392395,
0.010471755638718605,
0.022520452737808228,
-0.002593338955193758,
-0.008851412683725357,
0.11953715234994888,
-0.013109100982546806,
-0.008710666559636593,
0.008549279533326626,
0.002802852774038911,
0.03470725566148758,
0.0082319350913167,
0.03420524671673775,
0.040830593556165695,
-0.013530123978853226,
0.033372312784194946,
-0.008491789922118187,
0.10740013420581818,
-0.03285916894674301,
0.06233690306544304,
0.03426792845129967,
0.03777027130126953,
0.05732177570462227,
0.07711014896631241,
-0.03917531296610832,
-0.06967919319868088,
0.022606341168284416,
0.07055103778839111,
0.02406764030456543,
0.06442176550626755,
-0.010971414856612682,
0.014516908675432205,
0.07560227811336517,
-0.03296401724219322,
-0.04332229122519493,
-0.022740093991160393,
-0.0681719109416008,
-0.09340774267911911,
0.05599052831530571,
0.0036606050562113523,
0.073533795773983,
-0.005815509706735611,
0.004845652729272842,
-0.03764483332633972,
0.02318941056728363,
0.015331611037254333,
0.0295354463160038,
0.030083291232585907,
-0.0005556552787311375,
-0.025899585336446762,
-0.01549290120601654,
0.05240396782755852,
-0.009811760857701302,
-0.06881333887577057,
0.010548117570579052,
-0.026884455233812332,
0.09636544436216354,
-0.06852275878190994,
-0.030543139204382896,
0.010684420354664326,
-0.04195093363523483,
0.02383154071867466,
0.04992770031094551,
-0.004002564586699009,
-0.006002653855830431,
0.06027503311634064,
-0.048062730580568314,
-0.024039173498749733,
-0.007938100956380367,
0.02414458990097046,
-0.01859479397535324,
0.037339214235544205,
-0.04404778406023979,
0.06360179930925369,
0.005789607763290405,
0.014205400831997395,
0.030127977952361107,
0.017324130982160568,
-0.05784997716546059,
-0.027113517746329308,
0.0003144358634017408,
0.025426466017961502,
-0.0030340347439050674,
-0.060321323573589325,
-0.0200507715344429,
-0.07571869343519211,
-0.06337563693523407,
0.018082894384860992,
-0.0460721030831337,
-0.0605662539601326,
-0.061941295862197876,
0.01612328737974167,
-0.009059072472155094,
0.019398629665374756,
-0.028391549363732338,
0.054443880915641785,
0.024387182667851448,
0.042779017239809036,
0.03452527895569801,
-0.025145096704363823,
-0.021024396643042564,
0.08011428266763687,
0.020747000351548195,
-0.013490786775946617,
0.03427746519446373,
-0.004845846444368362,
-0.02559364214539528,
-0.09508095681667328,
0.055712610483169556,
-0.01367780938744545,
0.0009468092466704547,
0.04589869827032089,
-0.043062724173069,
-0.015150589868426323,
0.08315211534500122,
0.04628405719995499,
-0.28351083397865295,
-0.006293008569628,
0.0331517793238163,
0.010640166699886322,
-0.013509530574083328,
-0.025044087320566177,
0.027238618582487106,
-0.012143395841121674,
-0.024128995835781097,
-0.07427994906902313,
0.024534134194254875,
0.05364945903420448,
-0.038423653692007065,
0.002761906012892723,
-0.003067638725042343,
0.03692350909113884,
0.05523714795708656,
-0.018896417692303658,
-0.011913069523870945,
-0.029424946755170822,
0.01986466348171234,
-0.04562894254922867,
0.03520785644650459,
-0.042503997683525085,
0.010526284575462341,
-0.0532623752951622,
0.12910819053649902,
-0.04230579361319542,
0.0015002575237303972,
0.04598752409219742,
0.05451121926307678,
-0.02694028615951538,
-0.012657574377954006,
-0.04504143074154854,
-0.044741589576005936,
-0.00762573629617691,
-0.012108939699828625,
-0.0033972864039242268,
-0.008277013897895813,
-0.04701714590191841,
-0.03321930766105652,
-0.026664670556783676,
-0.038965173065662384,
-0.021919289603829384,
-0.06953344494104385,
0.03539067879319191,
0.004055574536323547,
0.05392180755734444,
0.02603849209845066,
-0.020980747416615486,
-0.012358451262116432,
-0.00440168147906661,
-0.010230259969830513,
-0.04834193363785744,
0.016744155436754227,
0.01036850269883871,
0.0014104454312473536,
-0.0045290193520486355,
-0.08736870437860489,
-0.013099144212901592,
-0.007251515053212643,
0.03756929561495781,
0.003918435424566269,
0.02836066484451294,
-0.03499298915266991,
-0.019891412928700447,
0.10851680487394333,
-0.06927376985549927,
-0.0020998807158321142,
0.009378337301313877,
-0.042012378573417664,
0.05929434299468994,
-0.0786772146821022,
-0.04390447959303856,
0.02250199019908905,
0.02219742350280285,
0.013682303950190544,
-0.08349402993917465,
-0.05264062434434891,
-0.00704465014860034,
-0.010378585197031498,
-0.020378194749355316,
0.030248312279582024,
0.0571218840777874,
-0.014934494160115719,
-0.024951117113232613,
0.03216000273823738,
-0.03735543414950371,
-0.05051551014184952,
-0.04418417066335678,
-0.018516195937991142,
-0.011349431239068508,
-0.056380536407232285,
0.03488977625966072,
-0.012870878912508488,
0.002173474058508873,
-0.24708251655101776,
-0.018063301220536232,
-0.04232951998710632,
0.07773194462060928,
-0.028425738215446472,
0.02129576914012432,
-0.009864811785519123,
0.008228999562561512,
-0.013803603127598763,
0.02746349573135376,
0.04623151570558548,
0.006834825500845909,
0.021383607760071754,
-0.031337857246398926,
-0.0024886340834200382,
-0.05870876833796501,
0.03624053671956062,
-0.02701672911643982,
0.03187577426433563,
-0.025498179718852043,
0.06731560826301575,
0.023456815630197525,
0.11898012459278107,
0.009330535307526588,
-0.00928458757698536,
0.005619170144200325,
-0.010586612857878208,
0.11877234280109406,
-0.05764922499656677,
-0.015825480222702026,
0.053524378687143326,
-0.05999978631734848,
0.07096834480762482,
-0.006067996844649315,
0.015832247212529182,
-0.05406995490193367,
-0.05076271668076515,
0.007568872068077326,
0.03861655667424202,
0.02542518824338913,
-0.02659643441438675,
0.004524311050772667,
-0.0047014495357871056,
-0.0041443039663136005,
0.08469950407743454,
-0.037047453224658966,
-0.011507098563015461,
-0.047078222036361694,
-0.04308196157217026,
-0.0058242520317435265,
-0.017548929899930954,
-0.07948609441518784,
0.03370954096317291,
0.03484726324677467,
0.013070673681795597,
0.016392841935157776,
-0.03425699844956398,
-0.027780983597040176,
-0.014648052863776684,
-0.0442221499979496,
-0.036456841975450516,
0.0013035261072218418,
-0.02186596393585205,
0.07022590935230255,
0.06380302459001541
] |
PMID:19725
|
Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants.
|
Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
|
Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
|
[
-0.045477401465177536,
-0.008065041154623032,
-0.04048313945531845,
0.0011011440074071288,
0.025494147092103958,
0.04327024146914482,
-0.003126756986603141,
0.03677920997142792,
-0.020636193454265594,
0.04991273581981659,
-0.029483461752533913,
-0.041863929480314255,
0.011132683604955673,
0.007097608409821987,
-0.07849087566137314,
-0.04367612674832344,
-0.023976998403668404,
-0.03645577281713486,
-0.07171656936407089,
0.05531604588031769,
0.004125975538045168,
0.06237268075346947,
-0.0345318578183651,
-0.07140203565359116,
0.07097337394952774,
-0.0040771858766674995,
0.07193981111049652,
-0.010928844101727009,
-0.013506751507520676,
-0.15442125499248505,
-0.015358667820692062,
-0.04704480990767479,
0.014795242808759212,
0.005255207419395447,
0.03140861913561821,
0.025444867089390755,
0.04570072889328003,
0.0263945572078228,
0.04009462147951126,
0.023635944351553917,
0.005577326286584139,
0.031564630568027496,
0.012779145501554012,
0.009354745037853718,
-0.058878038078546524,
-0.02154013141989708,
-0.01924937777221203,
0.05320078134536743,
0.14868663251399994,
-0.03410235792398453,
-0.023613952100276947,
-0.01681215688586235,
-0.014380420558154583,
0.12269514799118042,
-0.056712556630373,
-0.08953174948692322,
0.044849298894405365,
-0.04448963701725006,
0.00767487520352006,
-0.006231775041669607,
0.012661726213991642,
-0.015395747497677803,
-0.07894649356603622,
0.0716959536075592,
-0.003757162718102336,
0.03976475074887276,
-0.015806226059794426,
-0.0823201835155487,
0.017326470464468002,
0.0021683562081307173,
-0.03134440258145332,
0.049010273069143295,
-0.010257555171847343,
0.02814153954386711,
-0.03193117305636406,
0.015604623593389988,
0.03038855642080307,
-0.02401822991669178,
0.09160274267196655,
0.05817049369215965,
0.0034400885924696922,
0.053456589579582214,
-0.03753190487623215,
0.011405520141124725,
-0.07637367397546768,
-0.01476716622710228,
0.014519777148962021,
-0.07128048688173294,
-0.039862796664237976,
0.013175648637115955,
0.0046069747768342495,
-0.05202222988009453,
-0.07738958299160004,
0.04341328144073486,
-0.0639733374118805,
-0.014647223986685276,
0.022152049466967583,
-0.002564146416261792,
0.015694234520196915,
0.3838077187538147,
-0.03243925794959068,
-0.02400299906730652,
-0.010934364050626755,
0.010036199353635311,
-0.021380513906478882,
0.028196074068546295,
0.0683002769947052,
-0.04101875051856041,
-0.023207461461424828,
0.011399339884519577,
-0.013516695238649845,
0.04431305453181267,
-0.019374322146177292,
-0.07183347642421722,
-0.022512288764119148,
-0.04732833430171013,
0.05711573734879494,
0.006166545208543539,
-0.008765294216573238,
0.03363719955086708,
0.025739671662449837,
-0.062009457498788834,
0.03982040658593178,
-0.07421328872442245,
0.0040391115471720695,
0.0024005502928048372,
0.05404406040906906,
0.06573493778705597,
0.03046165592968464,
-0.018611662089824677,
0.08235423266887665,
0.041236042976379395,
0.007797562051564455,
0.010434383526444435,
-0.03874841704964638,
-0.027605852112174034,
-0.024475783109664917,
-0.021191352978348732,
0.052608661353588104,
-0.04257826507091522,
-0.036684997379779816,
-0.05623753368854523,
-0.022988542914390564,
-0.05286514386534691,
-0.04788102209568024,
0.05331738293170929,
-0.07575968652963638,
0.03743985667824745,
-0.009232709184288979,
-0.013487465679645538,
0.006367587484419346,
0.085355244576931,
-0.0034203261602669954,
-0.04927673935890198,
0.03940657526254654,
-0.02935882657766342,
0.008279290050268173,
-0.0020956958178430796,
0.02882417105138302,
-0.026321571320295334,
-0.03365233913064003,
-0.026203759014606476,
0.009066762402653694,
0.09319727122783661,
-0.019930269569158554,
0.007223276887089014,
-0.04094484820961952,
-0.01775866188108921,
0.04714222252368927,
-0.03934399411082268,
0.031502969563007355,
0.027546295896172523,
0.03992399200797081,
-0.08540515601634979,
-0.02488742209970951,
0.07498816400766373,
-0.008144372142851353,
-0.036686141043901443,
0.03300430253148079,
0.05607450008392334,
-0.03910455107688904,
-0.0002687067026272416,
0.020909322425723076,
-0.010131810791790485,
0.003970262128859758,
-0.010648301802575588,
-0.0526607371866703,
0.03238078951835632,
0.06321446597576141,
-0.00943573098629713,
0.02458762936294079,
-0.0754953920841217,
-0.04555221647024155,
0.004273504484444857,
0.01827981323003769,
0.05578809976577759,
-0.06140250712633133,
-0.07649959623813629,
0.03270992636680603,
-0.015293963253498077,
0.05351884663105011,
-0.01857256330549717,
0.036417972296476364,
0.009799412451684475,
-0.012694815173745155,
-0.03655329719185829,
0.03747634217143059,
0.010941365733742714,
-0.015301202423870564,
-0.030144959688186646,
-0.08441280573606491,
0.030198102816939354,
-0.0870155617594719,
-0.056172553449869156,
-0.029757000505924225,
0.03740457445383072,
-0.033966533839702606,
-0.033859796822071075,
0.037403084337711334,
0.02990778349339962,
0.0683600977063179,
-0.022882916033267975,
0.03009740822017193,
-0.2869330048561096,
0.027213938534259796,
0.026525815948843956,
-0.062290772795677185,
0.01766926981508732,
-0.002498973160982132,
-0.026145579293370247,
-0.03045959770679474,
0.03276033326983452,
-0.04428337886929512,
0.05581728368997574,
0.06833536922931671,
-0.07029694318771362,
0.02503276988863945,
-0.0031200589146465063,
0.06621868908405304,
0.006010451819747686,
-0.046091459691524506,
-0.007574059534817934,
0.005764760076999664,
0.013242595829069614,
-0.01786145754158497,
-0.021776389330625534,
0.04186635464429855,
0.03457166627049446,
-0.009797274135053158,
0.09857068210840225,
-0.05911293998360634,
0.025830287486314774,
-0.043981004506349564,
0.02463418059051037,
0.008180285803973675,
-0.003684448776766658,
-0.04799337685108185,
0.014220507815480232,
-0.007001521997153759,
-0.010513285174965858,
-0.002985916566103697,
-0.023541344329714775,
0.043879568576812744,
-0.057547230273485184,
0.03928544744849205,
0.042847324162721634,
-0.006826724857091904,
-0.024183498695492744,
-0.04050089791417122,
0.005188062321394682,
0.02656394988298416,
-0.0109940767288208,
0.053109150379896164,
-0.01678302325308323,
-0.03694606199860573,
-0.021872084587812424,
0.0038777324371039867,
0.031406715512275696,
0.008727246895432472,
0.00914557185024023,
-0.013266289606690407,
-0.0755319818854332,
-0.018743572756648064,
-0.01725376769900322,
0.0037914591375738382,
0.053492385894060135,
-0.043736159801483154,
-0.03843522444367409,
-0.008280671201646328,
0.004982212092727423,
-0.0394056960940361,
-0.004806330893188715,
0.04772285744547844,
-0.03881152346730232,
0.08811943978071213,
-0.05060138925909996,
-0.060222890228033066,
0.023285986855626106,
-0.011979463510215282,
0.01992524228990078,
-0.11356275528669357,
-0.09674042463302612,
-0.010005808435380459,
0.030604267492890358,
-0.10935433954000473,
0.007957208901643753,
0.05697224289178848,
0.0815286785364151,
0.040051888674497604,
-0.025975368916988373,
0.060725320130586624,
-0.011603844352066517,
-0.04367632046341896,
-0.022932959720492363,
-0.02723170444369316,
0.011609277687966824,
0.0065236506052315235,
0.020095007494091988,
0.03375327214598656,
-0.23432564735412598,
0.05033210664987564,
-0.006557176820933819,
0.03606010973453522,
0.04382891207933426,
0.03199809789657593,
-0.029181890189647675,
-0.05747484415769577,
0.026024281978607178,
0.014116360805928707,
0.08569304645061493,
-0.022523680701851845,
0.06960628181695938,
-0.011166571639478207,
-0.05785563960671425,
0.07954644411802292,
0.007280868943780661,
-0.04015158861875534,
0.0280880406498909,
0.017380286008119583,
0.023974135518074036,
-0.04403233528137207,
0.1106768250465393,
0.007828226312994957,
0.018597595393657684,
-0.012872294522821903,
0.008017872460186481,
0.07421577721834183,
0.0015888514462858438,
0.01638481579720974,
0.05045437440276146,
-0.04094433784484863,
0.11443937569856644,
0.01944170705974102,
0.08059346675872803,
-0.0011644767364487052,
0.02275799587368965,
-0.003970663994550705,
0.04922737926244736,
-0.021585755050182343,
-0.018758585676550865,
0.017621181905269623,
0.003744948422536254,
-0.018641864880919456,
0.07215093076229095,
-0.01776677556335926,
0.04772728309035301,
-0.05722332000732422,
0.014404530636966228,
0.046078529208898544,
-0.00010991554154315963,
-0.04352418705821037,
0.03830711916089058,
0.0612170472741127,
0.05630901828408241,
-0.03191080316901207,
0.010481062345206738,
-0.014469951391220093,
0.023971952497959137,
-0.012225218117237091,
0.03674422577023506,
-0.025913342833518982,
-0.046819839626550674,
0.08569034188985825,
0.006452356465160847
] |
PMID:19722
|
[Effect of the landscape and climate on the distribution of blood-sucking mosquitoes in Murmansk Province].
|
According to its orographic characteristics and climate the Murmansk region represents a special landscape area of the Atlantic-Arctic zone with its peculiar zoogeographic characters. This specificity is clearly seen in the distribution of 19 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes over the above territory. Abundant and widely encountered are only two species, Aedes punctor and Ae. communis. 9 species, Culiseta alaskaensis, C. bergrothi, Aedes pullatus, Ae. excrucians, Ae. pionips, Ae. hexodontus, Ae. impiger, Ae. nigripes, Ae. diantaeus, are small in number and widely distributed. 8 species, Anopheles maculipennis, Aedes intrudens, Ae. cantans, Ae. cinereus, Ae. cataphylla, Ae. riparins, Ae. lencomelas, Culex pipiens pipiens, are rare and have a restricted distribution.
|
[Effect of the landscape and climate on the distribution of blood-sucking mosquitoes in Murmansk Province]. According to its orographic characteristics and climate the Murmansk region represents a special landscape area of the Atlantic-Arctic zone with its peculiar zoogeographic characters. This specificity is clearly seen in the distribution of 19 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes over the above territory. Abundant and widely encountered are only two species, Aedes punctor and Ae. communis. 9 species, Culiseta alaskaensis, C. bergrothi, Aedes pullatus, Ae. excrucians, Ae. pionips, Ae. hexodontus, Ae. impiger, Ae. nigripes, Ae. diantaeus, are small in number and widely distributed. 8 species, Anopheles maculipennis, Aedes intrudens, Ae. cantans, Ae. cinereus, Ae. cataphylla, Ae. riparins, Ae. lencomelas, Culex pipiens pipiens, are rare and have a restricted distribution.
|
[
0.03550177440047264,
-0.012938574887812138,
0.017009679228067398,
0.04676255211234093,
0.08034584671258926,
-0.031715888530015945,
0.044249847531318665,
0.0487414225935936,
-0.04362093657255173,
0.059287842363119125,
0.026302142068743706,
-0.09885407984256744,
0.023764202371239662,
0.007854195311665535,
-0.009253984317183495,
-0.0013689754996448755,
-0.008645918220281601,
-0.03181988745927811,
0.0005493697244673967,
0.02844630740582943,
0.011962946504354477,
0.014463203959167004,
0.051569290459156036,
-0.04116794839501381,
0.01660989597439766,
0.041509781032800674,
-0.003648193785920739,
-0.03643110767006874,
0.014824647456407547,
-0.1797310709953308,
-0.04999266937375069,
0.022253097966313362,
0.02130928635597229,
-0.047236572951078415,
-0.026954399421811104,
0.006472566165030003,
-0.024415194988250732,
-0.02827872335910797,
0.011986622586846352,
0.014061263762414455,
0.0734345018863678,
0.041636329144239426,
-0.021345220506191254,
0.01031531486660242,
-0.03809839114546776,
-0.02736172080039978,
-0.03190436586737633,
0.0026703993789851665,
0.05537160485982895,
-0.06327151507139206,
0.030635494738817215,
-0.06960608065128326,
0.0346594862639904,
0.0712820515036583,
0.03896763548254967,
-0.07276259362697601,
-0.029437797144055367,
-0.03784734010696411,
-0.004242476541548967,
0.002315017394721508,
-0.013449032790958881,
0.004476797766983509,
-0.1259179711341858,
0.058918215334415436,
-0.015826456248760223,
0.020430950447916985,
-0.02368396706879139,
-0.01491519995033741,
-0.01219733152538538,
-0.05470900237560272,
0.02669532038271427,
0.03284836933016777,
-0.025654343888163567,
0.003789671463891864,
-0.013119164854288101,
-0.06129283085465431,
-0.002507059369236231,
0.008066270500421524,
-0.02637569233775139,
-0.06270755082368851,
-0.01710633933544159,
-0.0050590019673109055,
0.02209508791565895,
-0.011275318451225758,
0.06835160404443741,
-0.04075142368674278,
0.06291700899600983,
-0.02273583970963955,
0.021381692960858345,
0.02054302953183651,
-0.0021010031923651695,
0.017890097573399544,
-0.003790756920352578,
-0.0501367524266243,
-0.0224489476531744,
0.019694553688168526,
0.01878308691084385,
-0.03027288243174553,
0.07151902467012405,
0.3957116901874542,
-0.014344367198646069,
-0.03713982179760933,
0.02757698856294155,
0.020338673144578934,
0.03794270381331444,
0.0340731106698513,
-0.04036480188369751,
-0.02406434901058674,
0.0033968675415962934,
0.05104845389723778,
0.04733239486813545,
-0.04689083620905876,
0.054746780544519424,
0.010240290313959122,
-0.005269669461995363,
-0.0594714917242527,
0.06149342656135559,
0.03586520999670029,
-0.054261330515146255,
-0.013451355509459972,
-0.044498592615127563,
-0.048446107655763626,
0.021780340000987053,
0.04528529569506645,
0.09487391263246536,
0.03572164848446846,
-0.02469768188893795,
0.09841480851173401,
0.0690881758928299,
-0.06501128524541855,
0.07765459269285202,
0.03078751266002655,
0.0025164338294416666,
-0.05026673153042793,
-0.03631026670336723,
-0.04614356532692909,
-0.023472512140870094,
-0.0241999551653862,
0.006724390666931868,
-0.03555784374475479,
-0.024685125797986984,
-0.0735902488231659,
0.018883030861616135,
-0.04453287646174431,
-0.0429898165166378,
0.035036951303482056,
-0.020149853080511093,
-0.011889390647411346,
-0.03612341731786728,
-0.016523318365216255,
-0.01868211105465889,
-0.00562973041087389,
-0.028944004327058792,
-0.02905556745827198,
0.060923926532268524,
0.03532823920249939,
-0.01022855844348669,
0.025106819346547127,
-0.05318448692560196,
0.00022536409960594028,
0.0326080247759819,
0.02442062646150589,
-0.013642028905451298,
0.06997427344322205,
0.03490256890654564,
-0.035277947783470154,
-0.025014659389853477,
-0.0029571237973868847,
0.04346185177564621,
0.03534654527902603,
-0.006965074222534895,
-0.01893365941941738,
0.041966427117586136,
0.023850759491324425,
-0.010026928037405014,
-0.03265821561217308,
-0.06817647069692612,
-0.03397846221923828,
0.00874628871679306,
0.0016613183543086052,
0.02187025547027588,
0.026031047105789185,
0.009554443880915642,
0.04759715497493744,
0.019035084173083305,
-0.017048722133040428,
-0.06146501377224922,
-0.0023501028772443533,
0.00012713561591226608,
-0.05167974531650543,
0.0023007963318377733,
-0.027626005932688713,
0.08040379732847214,
-0.00638711778447032,
0.056888315826654434,
-0.014571093022823334,
0.008872970938682556,
-0.011571505106985569,
0.038298361003398895,
-0.04956574738025665,
0.10447432100772858,
-0.02082943543791771,
-0.01303077768534422,
0.04749685525894165,
0.04347968474030495,
0.037228863686323166,
0.026354316622018814,
-0.045240502804517746,
-0.020748628303408623,
-0.007194692734628916,
0.018734315410256386,
0.011594397015869617,
-0.014845700934529305,
0.035946909338235855,
-0.03940027207136154,
-0.0013608726439997554,
-0.02191687561571598,
-0.03868640959262848,
0.031962744891643524,
0.03501313179731369,
0.018799707293510437,
-0.07490815967321396,
-0.009816782549023628,
-0.3194592297077179,
-0.04039473459124565,
-0.05897361412644386,
-0.015443121083080769,
0.03321034833788872,
0.018558694049715996,
0.036977335810661316,
-0.03687949851155281,
0.04198673740029335,
0.024042684584856033,
0.020523251965641975,
-0.03022400289773941,
-0.002093937247991562,
-0.01184435561299324,
0.02010887861251831,
0.09952965378761292,
0.03714333102107048,
0.015463249757885933,
0.006040288135409355,
0.013680641539394855,
0.06355255097150803,
0.011607710272073746,
-0.04322173446416855,
0.054762233048677444,
0.026497919112443924,
-0.06976179778575897,
0.12343797832727432,
-0.0024801562540233135,
0.010058082640171051,
-0.06392283737659454,
0.0069839539937675,
0.023959636688232422,
0.05780969187617302,
-0.0436108224093914,
0.003836480202153325,
-0.011818984523415565,
-0.028046470135450363,
-0.07507225126028061,
0.009758468717336655,
-0.0503852516412735,
-0.00568753806874156,
0.06992388516664505,
-0.0015973236877471209,
0.03712712973356247,
-0.009128464385867119,
-0.016404639929533005,
-0.038662780076265335,
0.05764634534716606,
0.045389324426651,
0.010705746710300446,
-0.049562785774469376,
-0.0001377424196107313,
0.03875989839434624,
0.04626940190792084,
-0.008037063293159008,
-0.011663703247904778,
-0.05272654816508293,
0.03313992917537689,
-0.027767883613705635,
0.05506594851613045,
0.01500069722533226,
-0.0737413540482521,
-0.018379606306552887,
-0.007214347366243601,
0.05291098728775978,
0.012562306597828865,
0.0021289042197167873,
0.01944468356668949,
0.05917555093765259,
-0.0134020010009408,
-0.012982617132365704,
0.10653023421764374,
-0.020464595407247543,
-0.0021482340525835752,
0.00365740479901433,
0.014515325427055359,
0.05454903841018677,
-0.040277522057294846,
-0.028842240571975708,
-0.02241331711411476,
0.04526875913143158,
-0.033513206988573074,
-0.03434636816382408,
-0.03506122902035713,
0.04415122792124748,
0.026801520958542824,
-0.07162446528673172,
0.01772860623896122,
0.04032158479094505,
0.017515849322080612,
0.04982886090874672,
-0.04367239773273468,
-0.01942114531993866,
0.015459619462490082,
0.03193667158484459,
0.07043096423149109,
-0.2720523476600647,
-0.0011466784635558724,
0.030049355700612068,
-0.04143761470913887,
0.040727127343416214,
0.013455213978886604,
-0.012476460076868534,
-0.08934620022773743,
0.028319232165813446,
-0.037231866270303726,
0.026583394035696983,
0.053738709539175034,
0.027992703020572662,
-0.0013224659487605095,
-0.00045886944280937314,
0.007609263993799686,
0.03464799374341965,
-0.041294164955616,
0.023770267143845558,
-0.045879267156124115,
-0.01712704636156559,
-0.037802647799253464,
0.1491350531578064,
0.0387851819396019,
-0.07541297376155853,
-0.02980961836874485,
-0.01502411998808384,
0.025540132075548172,
-0.04018689692020416,
0.041491735726594925,
0.03577115014195442,
-0.04920089989900589,
0.10396931320428848,
-0.011848323047161102,
-0.003804574953392148,
0.05623845383524895,
-0.04164741933345795,
-0.041124146431684494,
0.030675098299980164,
-0.026287028566002846,
-0.027935665100812912,
0.03614364191889763,
0.02014213427901268,
0.04110084846615791,
0.05555372312664986,
0.005810312926769257,
-0.05034320428967476,
-0.04103723168373108,
-0.027168817818164825,
0.021496405825018883,
-0.07770300656557083,
-0.034820325672626495,
-0.022400179877877235,
-0.03284556418657303,
0.033468883484601974,
-0.0032346765510737896,
0.02030208334326744,
-0.043894462287425995,
-0.025163868442177773,
-0.08377642929553986,
0.08524589985609055,
-0.07112210243940353,
-0.09051184356212616,
-0.003990374505519867,
0.04748702049255371
] |
PMID:19726
|
The effects of pH on the conductance change evoked by iontophoresis in the frog neuromuscular junction.
|
The amplitude of the electrophoretically evoked end-plate potential increases with changing the pH of the bathing solution from 9.4 to 5.4 at room temperature. This change is not observed at lower temperature. The underlying current (e.p.c.I) is slightly decreasing at room temperature by lowering the pH. The relationship between the amplitude of the e.p.c.I and membrane potential is highly non-linear at pH 9.4, while it is quite linear at pH 5.4. The time course of the e.p.c.I is changed neither by different pH, nor by different membrane potential. The data suggest that during the e.p.c.I, the mediator (ACh), the receptor (R) and the mediator-receptor complex are in equilibrium: the amplitude of the e.p.c.I will thus depend on the affinity constant of the reversible reaction between ACh and R. It is concluded that by decreasing the pH, the affinity constant is decreased.
|
The effects of pH on the conductance change evoked by iontophoresis in the frog neuromuscular junction. The amplitude of the electrophoretically evoked end-plate potential increases with changing the pH of the bathing solution from 9.4 to 5.4 at room temperature. This change is not observed at lower temperature. The underlying current (e.p.c.I) is slightly decreasing at room temperature by lowering the pH. The relationship between the amplitude of the e.p.c.I and membrane potential is highly non-linear at pH 9.4, while it is quite linear at pH 5.4. The time course of the e.p.c.I is changed neither by different pH, nor by different membrane potential. The data suggest that during the e.p.c.I, the mediator (ACh), the receptor (R) and the mediator-receptor complex are in equilibrium: the amplitude of the e.p.c.I will thus depend on the affinity constant of the reversible reaction between ACh and R. It is concluded that by decreasing the pH, the affinity constant is decreased.
|
[
-0.059824228286743164,
-0.009711608290672302,
0.04938194528222084,
0.05266144126653671,
0.0016808982472866774,
-0.030849389731884003,
0.10054666548967361,
0.04309922829270363,
-0.014381992630660534,
-0.012688811868429184,
0.021214038133621216,
-0.06811293959617615,
0.029882168397307396,
0.06473123282194138,
0.007689094636589289,
-0.022485941648483276,
-0.0024271593429148197,
-0.002814557636156678,
-0.03956354781985283,
0.045966241508722305,
0.005877294577658176,
0.01681845262646675,
0.02330600842833519,
0.008382032625377178,
-0.02227841503918171,
0.009486693888902664,
0.018391167744994164,
0.030162129551172256,
-0.08168239146471024,
-0.18688519299030304,
-0.01361665315926075,
-0.007464980240911245,
-0.021235981956124306,
0.0023498062510043383,
-0.039229266345500946,
0.008405691012740135,
-0.038619279861450195,
-0.052353136241436005,
-0.003116337116807699,
0.022054066881537437,
0.03154765069484711,
0.011754091829061508,
0.004049967043101788,
-0.02013619802892208,
-0.014356130734086037,
-0.013062120415270329,
0.005768518429249525,
0.0035008678678423166,
0.08109653741121292,
0.011002322658896446,
-0.020448846742510796,
-0.004687458276748657,
0.04459584131836891,
0.044800013303756714,
0.016417209059000015,
0.023778928443789482,
0.03320392593741417,
0.04134521260857582,
0.011398064903914928,
0.01694435067474842,
0.04116864502429962,
0.06276264786720276,
-0.16032467782497406,
0.07335864007472992,
0.09204960614442825,
-0.015450830571353436,
-0.03736385703086853,
0.016760071739554405,
0.04835847020149231,
0.03887326270341873,
-0.0850248634815216,
0.04987066239118576,
-0.02020808309316635,
-0.036950211971998215,
0.04586561769247055,
-0.0312533937394619,
-0.04372167959809303,
0.04019244387745857,
0.0312902107834816,
-0.019500985741615295,
-0.005900279618799686,
0.0032716221176087856,
-0.04009776562452316,
-0.03235511854290962,
0.04747650399804115,
0.002728329738602042,
0.0902545303106308,
-0.012052977457642555,
-0.019772028550505638,
0.000626110821031034,
-0.0582314096391201,
-0.06848352402448654,
-0.06517072767019272,
-0.0004970311420038342,
-0.0068334960378706455,
0.05797284096479416,
-0.0028816652484238148,
-0.019903196021914482,
-0.021082933992147446,
0.36659109592437744,
-0.05042268708348274,
0.027255915105342865,
-0.04604076221585274,
-0.016224609687924385,
0.030559759587049484,
-0.08606699854135513,
0.019396372139453888,
0.013461028225719929,
-0.04970581829547882,
0.05442487820982933,
-0.01761508546769619,
0.001780252787284553,
-0.002217860659584403,
-0.032586876302957535,
-0.033558189868927,
0.04767143353819847,
0.06767372786998749,
0.01996678300201893,
0.04873831942677498,
0.00035505223786458373,
-0.07874687761068344,
-0.009524098597466946,
-0.020091066136956215,
-0.020870894193649292,
0.0730438232421875,
-0.026988178491592407,
-0.01911853812634945,
0.10555176436901093,
0.004347709938883781,
0.011676503345370293,
0.04725836589932442,
-0.012140078470110893,
-0.010282262228429317,
0.009128772653639317,
0.013963242061436176,
-0.010272272862493992,
0.03618890047073364,
-0.03194401413202286,
0.05817171186208725,
0.013143407180905342,
-0.06200670078396797,
-0.05577247217297554,
-0.050976064056158066,
-0.09408207982778549,
-0.03995789587497711,
0.08823089301586151,
-0.018154796212911606,
-0.03919992223381996,
-0.05379367247223854,
0.03365442156791687,
-0.01550405751913786,
0.007608408574014902,
-0.018331274390220642,
-0.009108880534768105,
-0.0005719679174944758,
0.05515482649207115,
-0.025425966829061508,
-0.04536055028438568,
0.03344230353832245,
-0.029933525249361992,
-0.04761480167508125,
-0.02716912142932415,
0.02647951804101467,
0.051520220935344696,
0.017851581797003746,
0.007324711419641972,
-0.005990539211779833,
-0.04775664582848549,
-0.01684822142124176,
-0.006567411124706268,
0.0056082080118358135,
0.026160309091210365,
-0.009291901253163815,
-0.0680471733212471,
0.017264677211642265,
0.011327008716762066,
0.008525281213223934,
-0.04108801856637001,
0.034598592668771744,
-0.03618718683719635,
0.03229688107967377,
-0.0003178917395416647,
0.012820340692996979,
-0.008437130600214005,
0.05392587557435036,
-0.03789615258574486,
-0.061377767473459244,
0.0012226628605276346,
0.028267111629247665,
0.0709584578871727,
-0.061753809452056885,
-0.05077728256583214,
-0.008043836802244186,
0.08699578791856766,
-0.0022020554170012474,
-0.008372003212571144,
-0.018204038962721825,
-0.02365410141646862,
-0.033147480338811874,
0.04819240793585777,
0.05046538636088371,
-0.011402316391468048,
-0.07422701269388199,
0.04719790816307068,
0.025582648813724518,
0.03821322321891785,
0.016277335584163666,
0.009156746789813042,
0.03678608313202858,
0.04347598925232887,
-0.02734748274087906,
-0.04026845097541809,
-0.01312868483364582,
-0.012127939611673355,
-0.03612618148326874,
-0.04316044598817825,
0.005664130672812462,
0.033395443111658096,
0.09156409651041031,
-0.04166988283395767,
0.014687185175716877,
-0.02947099693119526,
-0.0368240550160408,
-0.2882879674434662,
-0.02101558819413185,
0.02040192112326622,
-0.03516426682472229,
0.10412610322237015,
-0.07886674255132675,
0.023969212546944618,
-0.0424889512360096,
0.02364787459373474,
-0.11201921105384827,
0.051450781524181366,
0.07218289375305176,
-0.02477690950036049,
-0.038308631628751755,
0.037837591022253036,
0.02037396840751171,
0.08955438435077667,
0.003394551109522581,
0.030315928161144257,
0.013348362408578396,
0.009055900387465954,
0.008545299991965294,
0.003500559600070119,
0.056328728795051575,
0.025107257068157196,
0.006001496687531471,
0.07686902582645416,
-0.011699337512254715,
-0.04016299545764923,
-0.039082325994968414,
0.015749230980873108,
0.03965776041150093,
0.016349028795957565,
-0.05732475221157074,
-0.018313908949494362,
0.028886549174785614,
0.019096145406365395,
-0.01896611973643303,
-0.007023429498076439,
-0.04403729736804962,
-0.04464896395802498,
0.003165902104228735,
-0.04589264094829559,
-0.0056390115059912205,
-0.07839365303516388,
-0.0059223659336566925,
0.01498499233275652,
-0.010590544901788235,
-0.02731284126639366,
-0.01598583348095417,
0.05680293217301369,
-0.003820218611508608,
-0.034699369221925735,
-0.027026021853089333,
0.034388162195682526,
-0.017204510048031807,
0.021620946004986763,
0.04758317768573761,
-0.052717868238687515,
-0.026206335052847862,
0.002486511832103133,
0.023388119414448738,
0.01506571751087904,
0.007757329382002354,
0.011628258973360062,
0.03067779541015625,
0.051628150045871735,
0.013183141127228737,
0.03930267319083214,
0.024741334840655327,
0.008026699535548687,
0.10059934109449387,
-0.0027469168417155743,
0.055832091718912125,
0.029289420694112778,
-0.005699331872165203,
-0.04193173721432686,
-0.027071259915828705,
-0.04449815675616264,
0.002572217956185341,
-0.017699558287858963,
-0.02494203858077526,
0.06967244297266006,
-0.047528453171253204,
0.005153169389814138,
0.05823912099003792,
0.0063282186165452,
-0.04560846462845802,
0.018801454454660416,
0.045691944658756256,
-0.04323764517903328,
-0.039242517203092575,
-0.07832344621419907,
0.011523104272782803,
0.02107069455087185,
0.03120729699730873,
-0.2979835271835327,
0.0273127518594265,
0.054139722138643265,
-0.015132255852222443,
-0.02547634206712246,
0.07068698108196259,
-0.005912658292800188,
-0.03431471437215805,
-0.07355627417564392,
0.04822208359837532,
-0.02002345584332943,
-0.018989354372024536,
-0.00799698568880558,
0.08134420961141586,
-0.02329784445464611,
0.03327437490224838,
0.01877249963581562,
-0.08064428716897964,
0.030098438262939453,
0.003777845297008753,
0.023700270801782608,
0.021513033658266068,
0.17765112221240997,
-0.011975553818047047,
0.031190572306513786,
0.012994905933737755,
0.015884308144450188,
0.014848931692540646,
-0.0028408141806721687,
-0.030612414702773094,
-0.03555813059210777,
0.05171450972557068,
0.0006567985401488841,
-0.034331195056438446,
0.08222255855798721,
0.026262713596224785,
-0.0251008253544569,
-0.04042362421751022,
-0.026196762919425964,
-0.009584739804267883,
0.025587011128664017,
0.016134576871991158,
-0.059015072882175446,
-0.06405458599328995,
0.07736792415380478,
0.013821258209645748,
-0.05395853519439697,
-0.015775712206959724,
-0.028431637212634087,
0.009021001867949963,
-0.009726312011480331,
-0.05270878225564957,
0.06859132647514343,
0.038657162338495255,
-0.0488034188747406,
0.03069130703806877,
-0.08022724837064743,
-0.018648061901330948,
0.028053665533661842,
-0.04811545088887215,
0.06805730611085892,
0.039428964257240295,
-0.014148440212011337,
-0.004683255217969418,
0.047286130487918854
] |
PMID:19727
|
An automatically balancing isolation amplifier for the decoupling of measuring systems with high impedances.
|
It is theoretically shown that different conditions of coupling and grounding cause error voltages with the simultaneous use of two high-impedance measuring systems (e.g. pH electrodes). By the use of special amplifiers using optical transmission systems these error voltages are prevented. The transmission characteristics of the couplers are sensitive to changes in temperature due to the incorporation of infrared emitters in the system. An amplifying equipment with high d. c. stability was developed. The temperature drift was suppressed by the use of a special chopper stabilisation.
|
An automatically balancing isolation amplifier for the decoupling of measuring systems with high impedances. It is theoretically shown that different conditions of coupling and grounding cause error voltages with the simultaneous use of two high-impedance measuring systems (e.g. pH electrodes). By the use of special amplifiers using optical transmission systems these error voltages are prevented. The transmission characteristics of the couplers are sensitive to changes in temperature due to the incorporation of infrared emitters in the system. An amplifying equipment with high d. c. stability was developed. The temperature drift was suppressed by the use of a special chopper stabilisation.
|
[
-0.10232115536928177,
0.05718160420656204,
0.052180804312229156,
-0.010194793343544006,
-0.003552230540663004,
-0.03878675401210785,
0.037961188703775406,
0.009805595502257347,
-0.042435288429260254,
-0.036264318972826004,
0.059643395245075226,
-0.06659650057554245,
0.03197643160820007,
-0.0017655757255852222,
0.0583077035844326,
-0.024565288797020912,
-0.007154875434935093,
-0.023949066177010536,
0.08244282007217407,
0.023241659626364708,
0.06246907636523247,
-0.0012705341214314103,
-0.04815489426255226,
0.008176232688128948,
0.03722129017114639,
-0.0029956770595163107,
0.00911685824394226,
-0.04743450880050659,
-0.05936279147863388,
-0.1844891756772995,
-0.010049150325357914,
-0.024709872901439667,
0.029384037479758263,
-0.03014395758509636,
-0.03329246863722801,
-0.04266762733459473,
-0.0314800888299942,
-0.07776995748281479,
-0.015496660023927689,
0.019858479499816895,
0.02031709812581539,
-0.01958177424967289,
0.0004522943345364183,
-0.018750490620732307,
-0.020366346463561058,
-0.015381298027932644,
-0.053768340498209,
-0.034486427903175354,
0.03156397491693497,
0.013085538521409035,
0.012053309939801693,
0.007702135946601629,
-0.010961394757032394,
-0.02199809066951275,
-0.01917429268360138,
0.023892594501376152,
0.048580098897218704,
0.07638950645923615,
0.047763392329216,
-0.005975489038974047,
0.027379844337701797,
0.036439843475818634,
-0.10481702536344528,
0.01931106299161911,
-0.004949051886796951,
-0.009500338695943356,
-0.014340805821120739,
-0.05945131555199623,
0.047543033957481384,
0.009080324321985245,
0.02032913640141487,
0.010050253011286259,
-0.003722428111359477,
-0.003074032487347722,
0.03127024322748184,
0.010654608719050884,
0.02888261340558529,
-0.05353159457445145,
-0.033270034939050674,
0.055676303803920746,
0.027920827269554138,
-0.0722339078783989,
-0.012337579391896725,
0.04073413461446762,
0.00010496775939827785,
-0.03151027858257294,
0.053343046456575394,
-0.01065406110137701,
-0.027863696217536926,
0.0030201508197933435,
-0.07332862168550491,
-0.022680239751935005,
0.002936821198090911,
-0.013661117292940617,
-0.024678029119968414,
0.0006913080578669906,
-0.0006125496001914144,
-0.01694941334426403,
0.007086627651005983,
0.43790701031684875,
-0.004878658335655928,
-0.040373943746089935,
0.013967325910925865,
-0.04827116057276726,
-0.008562278933823109,
0.028045978397130966,
-0.016735978424549103,
0.008024814538657665,
-0.00032074167393147945,
-0.04798201099038124,
0.02822972647845745,
-0.03567827120423317,
-0.0059468699619174,
0.02726001664996147,
-0.02987825497984886,
-0.003710103454068303,
-0.015190618112683296,
-0.007793163415044546,
0.0428924523293972,
-0.01892624795436859,
-0.05968380346894264,
0.04024000093340874,
0.08706211298704147,
-0.02938990853726864,
0.07166048884391785,
-0.05753098055720329,
-0.010372462682425976,
0.05348380282521248,
0.03224536404013634,
0.0662490576505661,
-0.0032626367174088955,
-0.011353308334946632,
0.037348490208387375,
-0.028499003499746323,
-0.03729122132062912,
0.03947587311267853,
0.0037372095976024866,
-0.04278485104441643,
0.10472530871629715,
0.03755635768175125,
-0.020119434222579002,
-0.033055469393730164,
0.01685241609811783,
-0.041910361498594284,
0.022093113511800766,
0.047714512795209885,
-0.06274931877851486,
0.04553014039993286,
0.011129899881780148,
-0.048032768070697784,
-0.03630217909812927,
-0.02407529018819332,
0.00204679393209517,
-0.06254103779792786,
0.07220225036144257,
0.05791178718209267,
0.00498738931491971,
-0.03388453647494316,
0.008369297720491886,
0.06112246215343475,
-0.04727468267083168,
-0.019050423055887222,
-0.040739137679338455,
0.07441475242376328,
-0.014333824627101421,
-0.05502278730273247,
-0.034582264721393585,
-0.013252467848360538,
-0.008187506347894669,
-0.033574774861335754,
0.0035619523841887712,
-0.06679870188236237,
-0.026436427608132362,
-0.001485515502281487,
0.017382269725203514,
-0.005168976727873087,
0.013277720659971237,
-0.023826874792575836,
-0.03497416153550148,
-0.02442336641252041,
-0.019156357273459435,
0.038670871406793594,
-0.029075782746076584,
0.040791235864162445,
0.06291414797306061,
0.019687341526150703,
-0.07261207699775696,
-0.09682489186525345,
-0.01577063836157322,
0.09787891060113907,
-0.014818750321865082,
0.0008709719986654818,
-0.0698322057723999,
0.07510083168745041,
0.020635174587368965,
0.040904365479946136,
-0.06304346770048141,
0.02178887277841568,
-0.03355509415268898,
-0.031382620334625244,
0.04023903235793114,
-0.03039299137890339,
-0.026169143617153168,
0.03375577926635742,
0.03704223036766052,
0.06488338857889175,
0.03401724994182587,
0.005857422482222319,
0.004619860555976629,
0.04922312870621681,
0.01349552534520626,
-0.02422037161886692,
0.011552412994205952,
-0.01189693808555603,
-0.046985287219285965,
-0.018622122704982758,
0.015003847889602184,
0.04651013761758804,
-0.010323728434741497,
0.01297773513942957,
0.04007972031831741,
-0.02495989389717579,
-0.03630148246884346,
-0.3009542226791382,
-0.006188637111335993,
0.011326877400279045,
-0.007581974379718304,
0.12204734236001968,
-0.09184844046831131,
0.06489088386297226,
-0.06251569837331772,
-0.022471241652965546,
0.015049641951918602,
0.0821249857544899,
0.08872026205062866,
-0.02257336489856243,
-0.010190105065703392,
-0.016102129593491554,
0.0830799862742424,
0.0067810602486133575,
0.0012079753214493394,
-0.005296486429870129,
-0.001670539379119873,
0.01832718774676323,
0.0505831278860569,
-0.007257348392158747,
-0.01203036680817604,
0.028511522337794304,
0.013751673512160778,
0.12690970301628113,
-0.0995805487036705,
0.019275732338428497,
-0.0007781618623994291,
0.026196129620075226,
-0.021404311060905457,
0.0029999688267707825,
0.014187957160174847,
-0.043210405856370926,
-0.0009766630828380585,
-0.010099093429744244,
0.004364609718322754,
0.018416738137602806,
0.03059251978993416,
-0.016962073743343353,
0.003490637755021453,
-0.0262894444167614,
-0.032438673079013824,
0.011263365857303143,
-0.045291416347026825,
-0.020453324541449547,
-0.017279773950576782,
0.02803187258541584,
0.003521965118125081,
0.010981159284710884,
-0.043461136519908905,
-0.02649836055934429,
0.0029264928307384253,
-0.003172157797962427,
0.012994693592190742,
-0.007805676199495792,
0.036201342940330505,
-0.03312961757183075,
-0.04890846088528633,
0.036300402134656906,
0.033994246274232864,
0.02134346403181553,
0.008609256707131863,
0.0332745797932148,
0.07754869759082794,
0.023907246068120003,
0.044551387429237366,
0.07011933624744415,
0.02101048082113266,
0.031316209584474564,
0.0928761437535286,
-0.023218346759676933,
0.04136881232261658,
0.004039175808429718,
-0.055345941334962845,
-0.006686990149319172,
-0.07088366150856018,
0.00027615163708105683,
0.016974829137325287,
0.03769094496965408,
0.032185148447752,
0.04753424972295761,
0.009708786383271217,
-0.004344861023128033,
0.032070424407720566,
-0.007399254944175482,
0.006857955828309059,
0.01752355508506298,
0.00969724915921688,
0.011550632305443287,
0.019466379657387733,
-0.021088112145662308,
-0.005498550832271576,
0.046508193016052246,
0.027321582660079002,
-0.26538506150245667,
-0.04835309833288193,
0.009196707978844643,
-0.0169272031635046,
-0.0748312845826149,
0.030870946124196053,
-0.0007863318314775825,
-0.039282310754060745,
-0.05783463269472122,
0.00002584990215837024,
-0.09668702632188797,
-0.00436371611431241,
-0.049300286918878555,
0.031513866037130356,
0.07483930140733719,
0.08417970687150955,
-0.0013603653060272336,
-0.04720914736390114,
-0.01427872572094202,
-0.007393156178295612,
0.035196270793676376,
0.01715521700680256,
0.16562479734420776,
0.007755745202302933,
0.005601556971669197,
0.0012356757652014494,
0.057315170764923096,
-0.030081985518336296,
-0.041342493146657944,
-0.059738632291555405,
-0.03283177688717842,
-0.00746549665927887,
0.05503721535205841,
-0.005912112072110176,
0.04565813019871712,
0.035324156284332275,
0.014514338225126266,
-0.006478125229477882,
0.027156179770827293,
-0.02200794592499733,
-0.008431344293057919,
0.005650161765515804,
-0.003186090849339962,
-0.036211129277944565,
0.1041250228881836,
-0.014155067503452301,
-0.053103238344192505,
-0.04761612415313721,
0.00562022440135479,
-0.03299989178776741,
0.03186739236116409,
-0.01672636903822422,
0.04368141293525696,
0.03218984976410866,
-0.004887670278549194,
-0.034616321325302124,
-0.0625004917383194,
0.030913634225726128,
-0.032374586910009384,
-0.012513169087469578,
0.03771035373210907,
-0.0001102770766010508,
-0.03741210699081421,
-0.03225420415401459,
0.036715343594551086
] |
PMID:19729
|
Shear degradation of DNA.
|
A concentric-cylinder flow-birefringence instrument is used to generate sufficient shear fields to break T2 DNA (M = 1.2 X 10(8)) and E. coli DNA (M = 2.5 X 10(9)) in dilute solution. Breakage is monitored in situ by measuring the change in birefringence relaxation after the flow has been stopped. The breakage of T2 DNA follows first-order kinetics. Rate constants are obtained as functions of shear rate and viscosity (varied by adding glycerol). The data are fitted by a modified Arrhenius equation, assuming that stess increases the rate by lowering the activation energy. The rate increases with temperature, pH, and water concentration, and appears to be a base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the phosphate-ester linkage. La3+ ions catalyze the reaction. E. coli DNA was reduced to half molecules at a shear stress of 0.4 dynes/cm2, which is about 2500 times less than that required for T2. The difference in rates is accounted for in part by the difference in size of the two, but may also reflect the presence of many single-strand nicks in the coli DNA.
|
Shear degradation of DNA. A concentric-cylinder flow-birefringence instrument is used to generate sufficient shear fields to break T2 DNA (M = 1.2 X 10(8)) and E. coli DNA (M = 2.5 X 10(9)) in dilute solution. Breakage is monitored in situ by measuring the change in birefringence relaxation after the flow has been stopped. The breakage of T2 DNA follows first-order kinetics. Rate constants are obtained as functions of shear rate and viscosity (varied by adding glycerol). The data are fitted by a modified Arrhenius equation, assuming that stess increases the rate by lowering the activation energy. The rate increases with temperature, pH, and water concentration, and appears to be a base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the phosphate-ester linkage. La3+ ions catalyze the reaction. E. coli DNA was reduced to half molecules at a shear stress of 0.4 dynes/cm2, which is about 2500 times less than that required for T2. The difference in rates is accounted for in part by the difference in size of the two, but may also reflect the presence of many single-strand nicks in the coli DNA.
|
[
-0.07853519171476364,
-0.005000850185751915,
-0.006410347763448954,
0.0003576299059204757,
0.016106318682432175,
-0.02544935792684555,
0.004895647056400776,
0.059202175587415695,
-0.011751918122172356,
0.016264043748378754,
0.009234786964952946,
-0.08249177038669586,
0.003732110373675823,
-0.010612946934998035,
-0.030520124360919,
-0.03547680377960205,
0.007200533524155617,
0.03480210527777672,
-0.021389178931713104,
0.007651037536561489,
0.030222754925489426,
-0.01699567399919033,
0.01207603607326746,
0.024975432083010674,
-0.005183812230825424,
0.06973455101251602,
-0.044097285717725754,
0.014210585504770279,
-0.03219994157552719,
-0.20085354149341583,
0.07131905108690262,
-0.039713840931653976,
-0.035090066492557526,
0.0175371915102005,
-0.01617066189646721,
-0.032872289419174194,
-0.021415188908576965,
-0.04425583407282829,
-0.04882510378956795,
0.017661096528172493,
0.04477323964238167,
0.043420854955911636,
-0.020762259140610695,
0.008512522093951702,
-0.016193322837352753,
0.03661908954381943,
0.011737359687685966,
-0.023271113634109497,
0.032590530812740326,
0.006020588334649801,
-0.09202850610017776,
-0.005400874186307192,
-0.04198944568634033,
-0.011929751373827457,
-0.011000042781233788,
0.021051974967122078,
0.031516510993242264,
0.02639652229845524,
0.02260644920170307,
-0.022795729339122772,
0.01872185617685318,
-0.020152060315012932,
-0.10837879776954651,
0.08193539828062057,
0.04669975861907005,
0.006481341551989317,
0.00032252902747131884,
-0.0015653474256396294,
0.02631688490509987,
0.03774131461977959,
-0.10618748515844345,
0.019627241417765617,
0.014652764424681664,
0.04764365032315254,
-0.02279694192111492,
-0.0203572865575552,
0.025251025334000587,
-0.015809502452611923,
0.0880487859249115,
0.009662438184022903,
-0.007285399362444878,
-0.05405094474554062,
0.04560796543955803,
-0.05040084570646286,
-0.0522981733083725,
0.03491596877574921,
0.008138448931276798,
-0.026333607733249664,
0.0551576241850853,
0.025395646691322327,
0.023272113874554634,
-0.008881104178726673,
-0.0028973252046853304,
-0.007247266825288534,
-0.06152006983757019,
0.039904020726680756,
-0.011792704463005066,
0.030353231355547905,
0.07889026403427124,
0.3729899525642395,
-0.05189666897058487,
0.005474804900586605,
-0.052269402891397476,
0.01789449155330658,
0.0028545749373733997,
-0.02830437570810318,
-0.03586266562342644,
-0.028654931113123894,
0.005622560158371925,
0.02084861695766449,
0.026048092171549797,
0.029940832406282425,
0.041914213448762894,
-0.03283488005399704,
-0.011084442026913166,
-0.011655980721116066,
-0.026567203924059868,
0.013281009159982204,
-0.08842678368091583,
0.039218273013830185,
-0.03610845282673836,
0.021646523848176003,
-0.013184798881411552,
-0.016074974089860916,
0.042787302285432816,
-0.009098713286221027,
0.018957030028104782,
0.07051745057106018,
0.07104778289794922,
0.007420757785439491,
-0.005944706965237856,
0.0038657139521092176,
-0.03406975045800209,
0.0008992141229100525,
0.002731100656092167,
-0.006257836241275072,
-0.015105812810361385,
0.006223198492079973,
0.06340436637401581,
0.008350598625838757,
-0.019858168438076973,
-0.04075966775417328,
-0.08049613982439041,
-0.05023280158638954,
-0.022047029808163643,
0.10000670701265335,
-0.04606672003865242,
0.08417762815952301,
-0.05210736021399498,
-0.03268357366323471,
-0.036735646426677704,
0.06339263916015625,
-0.051935069262981415,
0.010523129254579544,
-0.018726162612438202,
0.032905612140893936,
-0.013202182948589325,
-0.014602163806557655,
-0.005997133441269398,
0.03796171024441719,
-0.054453447461128235,
0.02739405818283558,
-0.008061648346483707,
0.0561378076672554,
0.03095564991235733,
-0.04691291227936745,
0.010893047787249088,
0.040347080677747726,
0.046141915023326874,
0.005861782003194094,
0.0020720823667943478,
-0.016961537301540375,
-0.013413038104772568,
-0.06201644241809845,
-0.06971994042396545,
-0.014581626281142235,
-0.001523042214103043,
0.01743468828499317,
0.05109916999936104,
0.03323099762201309,
0.04522375762462616,
-0.012688122689723969,
0.01766672171652317,
0.03620654717087746,
0.024118337780237198,
0.0038519890513271093,
-0.05415883660316467,
0.015313955023884773,
-0.03566760569810867,
0.06717413663864136,
-0.019638875499367714,
-0.026340989395976067,
-0.051375862210989,
0.07312751561403275,
0.03984617069363594,
0.0035546820145100355,
-0.021074656397104263,
0.008292307145893574,
-0.06146959587931633,
0.010584489442408085,
0.11240985989570618,
0.0020923044066876173,
-0.023387322202324867,
0.0621168315410614,
0.00023149000480771065,
0.006511498708277941,
0.011027670465409756,
-0.002739332616329193,
-0.028101803734898567,
0.021173883229494095,
-0.008742186240851879,
-0.040811434388160706,
-0.02980812080204487,
-0.05443009361624718,
-0.0572822168469429,
-0.00006949094677111134,
0.04266342148184776,
0.029168186709284782,
0.016622653231024742,
0.049014098942279816,
0.010052898898720741,
-0.053293485194444656,
-0.06497116386890411,
-0.3275737762451172,
-0.033293452113866806,
-0.03472930192947388,
0.02971680834889412,
0.1341620236635208,
-0.0323885940015316,
-0.024556176736950874,
-0.013272453099489212,
0.022203348577022552,
-0.06804554164409637,
0.058739230036735535,
0.07905993610620499,
-0.008886397816240788,
-0.12149512022733688,
-0.021523619070649147,
-0.019274655729532242,
0.04481612145900726,
-0.030051838606595993,
-0.02404113858938217,
0.030803807079792023,
0.05154956132173538,
0.016873523592948914,
-0.040426865220069885,
-0.00002580174259492196,
0.05151816084980965,
-0.044755492359399796,
0.12678460776805878,
-0.060564540326595306,
0.009709227830171585,
-0.01851332187652588,
-0.03368155285716057,
0.029344916343688965,
-0.01721520908176899,
-0.018799835816025734,
-0.04349394515156746,
-0.006001882255077362,
0.023957528173923492,
-0.07044318318367004,
0.006802355404943228,
0.011309602297842503,
0.009926795028150082,
-0.009617055766284466,
-0.002119283424690366,
-0.03188963979482651,
-0.024143585935235023,
-0.0036359718069434166,
0.02361234277486801,
0.07252152264118195,
0.004239042289555073,
-0.00002954017327283509,
0.030053522437810898,
-0.020142272114753723,
0.07134798169136047,
-0.005828922614455223,
0.04500275477766991,
-0.008180658333003521,
-0.024747246876358986,
0.008753031492233276,
-0.02490621618926525,
-0.08319355547428131,
0.0031079528853297234,
-0.0033424380235373974,
0.024471256881952286,
0.05420864373445511,
0.016070669516921043,
0.0026472872123122215,
-0.0032494121696799994,
-0.009653493762016296,
0.026963016018271446,
-0.05722562596201897,
0.013922612182796001,
0.09791307896375656,
-0.017977192997932434,
0.024670129641890526,
0.02994151972234249,
0.02139247953891754,
-0.04366729408502579,
-0.07745933532714844,
-0.03948751091957092,
-0.015258907340466976,
0.07443127781152725,
-0.011097134090960026,
0.07044871896505356,
-0.04158928245306015,
0.016674282029271126,
-0.002677495591342449,
-0.0024574643466621637,
-0.05721946060657501,
0.04529903084039688,
-0.0038209715858101845,
0.01651243306696415,
-0.019926918670535088,
-0.013770957477390766,
0.015589730814099312,
-0.024737343192100525,
0.04840788617730141,
-0.29564619064331055,
0.024829013273119926,
0.01951887644827366,
0.03670782595872879,
0.013029386289417744,
0.06004646047949791,
0.11095692217350006,
0.009454343467950821,
-0.012121080420911312,
0.0564681775867939,
-0.036411698907613754,
0.021225450560450554,
0.035826899111270905,
0.02480732649564743,
0.04712548106908798,
-0.0009548942907713354,
0.03234027698636055,
-0.02917846478521824,
0.043186116963624954,
0.009470600634813309,
0.01178891584277153,
-0.039848484098911285,
0.15841394662857056,
0.011715562082827091,
0.0028019030578434467,
0.020439501851797104,
0.00885496661067009,
0.026170874014496803,
0.000013628560736833606,
-0.05151563137769699,
-0.028326069936156273,
0.03451193869113922,
0.01276234071701765,
-0.03612574189901352,
0.027583397924900055,
-0.008757109753787518,
-0.020532449707388878,
0.012061347253620625,
0.03602832555770874,
0.0047358437441289425,
0.019710319116711617,
0.007241822779178619,
-0.08170308917760849,
-0.05849221348762512,
0.05398033559322357,
-0.08663725107908249,
-0.030587907880544662,
-0.08679818361997604,
-0.022691145539283752,
-0.0216585211455822,
-0.01935778371989727,
0.03324270248413086,
0.04718625918030739,
0.015066653490066528,
-0.002752046100795269,
0.021183721721172333,
-0.043282974511384964,
0.015274056233465672,
0.03287237882614136,
0.01600554585456848,
0.00987179484218359,
-0.021537065505981445,
-0.0382947139441967,
0.10229519754648209,
-0.042546506971120834
] |
PMID:19730
|
Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide.
|
The thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA hybrids are substantially greater than those of DNA:DNA duplexes in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing high concentrations of formamide. Association rates to form DNA:DNA duplexes and DNA:RNA hybrids have been measured in these solvents. There is a temperature range in which DNA:DNA rates are negligible and RNA:DNA rates close to optimal.
|
Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide. The thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA hybrids are substantially greater than those of DNA:DNA duplexes in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing high concentrations of formamide. Association rates to form DNA:DNA duplexes and DNA:RNA hybrids have been measured in these solvents. There is a temperature range in which DNA:DNA rates are negligible and RNA:DNA rates close to optimal.
|
[
-0.06642287224531174,
-0.018676554784178734,
0.019131770357489586,
0.01588338427245617,
0.03597375750541687,
0.010396064259111881,
0.03281409665942192,
0.01849401369690895,
-0.040211401879787445,
0.002157973125576973,
0.004224872216582298,
-0.05248572304844856,
0.010141965933144093,
0.032457008957862854,
0.037905190140008926,
0.015339438803493977,
-0.01882636547088623,
-0.06932251155376434,
-0.05721345543861389,
0.020422495901584625,
0.029543308541178703,
-0.03233454376459122,
0.04698667675256729,
-0.01108864601701498,
-0.03062967211008072,
-0.007835266180336475,
-0.03213667869567871,
0.03766608610749245,
-0.007136811036616564,
-0.19446678459644318,
0.055846862494945526,
0.040382687002420425,
-0.017222939059138298,
-0.026759987697005272,
-0.0025050665717571974,
-0.01468476839363575,
-0.009238157421350479,
-0.07446014881134033,
-0.030385492369532585,
-0.021240567788481712,
-0.0024363002739846706,
0.015168722718954086,
0.003639762056991458,
-0.042912986129522324,
-0.021452663466334343,
0.056975107640028,
-0.0399591363966465,
0.04505172371864319,
0.03502291068434715,
0.00920258928090334,
-0.016302095726132393,
-0.011306732892990112,
-0.041740141808986664,
0.010006735101342201,
0.01730993576347828,
0.05791493132710457,
0.04321494325995445,
0.022967660799622536,
-0.01827877014875412,
-0.04364195838570595,
-0.009352634660899639,
0.016148241236805916,
-0.08527487516403198,
0.0858178362250328,
0.045506369322538376,
-0.05014004558324814,
0.014951657503843307,
-0.05984199792146683,
0.00009141192276729271,
0.006505576428025961,
-0.0831676721572876,
-0.00596146285533905,
-0.02927757240831852,
0.062114931643009186,
0.02593722753226757,
-0.00865270383656025,
-0.011962149292230606,
-0.016854839399456978,
0.06065991148352623,
0.016738129779696465,
-0.019051093608140945,
-0.0621366910636425,
0.03269079700112343,
-0.04443409666419029,
-0.021396851167082787,
-0.007565479259938002,
0.04907754063606262,
-0.004826817661523819,
-0.02494044415652752,
-0.07470553368330002,
-0.018861666321754456,
-0.026276102289557457,
0.019817976281046867,
0.020358914509415627,
-0.03537772223353386,
0.01860196702182293,
0.04287666454911232,
0.03382387384772301,
0.09145903587341309,
0.32140499353408813,
-0.052593063563108444,
-0.022950919345021248,
-0.09242837876081467,
-0.03687964379787445,
-0.003999435808509588,
-0.0037964836228638887,
-0.015284308232367039,
-0.10168973356485367,
-0.02492353320121765,
0.024436146020889282,
0.02461397834122181,
0.005954668391495943,
0.016015101224184036,
-0.03263908997178078,
0.02158382721245289,
0.0513526052236557,
0.01294692698866129,
0.015416993759572506,
-0.09139558672904968,
-0.03806299716234207,
-0.05341542512178421,
-0.012601513415575027,
0.02915620058774948,
-0.020348329097032547,
-0.012968087568879128,
0.001509111258201301,
-0.04173845052719116,
0.10335057228803635,
0.000159496528794989,
-0.003085931297391653,
0.06305026262998581,
0.023196851834654808,
0.009585789404809475,
-0.032324425876140594,
-0.0539821982383728,
-0.03082404099404812,
0.012973234988749027,
-0.039732880890369415,
0.06853237748146057,
0.008962652646005154,
-0.009359623305499554,
-0.09406810998916626,
-0.02118563838303089,
-0.07826308906078339,
-0.008930875919759274,
0.03789348527789116,
-0.06709546595811844,
0.0875992476940155,
0.00009778030653251335,
0.0408451184630394,
-0.08315153419971466,
0.08047160506248474,
-0.014076844789087772,
-0.06769345700740814,
0.0313841886818409,
0.0016742893494665623,
0.004175557754933834,
-0.08041787892580032,
0.02284696139395237,
-0.027833154425024986,
-0.0357104130089283,
0.0649590715765953,
0.006649846211075783,
0.11454866081476212,
-0.018439829349517822,
-0.062312036752700806,
-0.00810600072145462,
0.04461631178855896,
0.031479254364967346,
0.025369862094521523,
0.029256585985422134,
0.0029376561287790537,
0.0032778047025203705,
-0.00995712261646986,
-0.050047583878040314,
-0.0042918361723423,
0.00382789084687829,
0.0013522147201001644,
0.02583291195333004,
0.03675048053264618,
0.045012086629867554,
-0.007777770049870014,
-0.04855387657880783,
0.04126200079917908,
0.05693820118904114,
-0.05982425808906555,
-0.08489581942558289,
0.03516946732997894,
0.007477154955267906,
0.03172554820775986,
-0.013442948460578918,
-0.03352123498916626,
-0.013434217311441898,
0.10394326597452164,
0.040354181081056595,
-0.008761269971728325,
0.07223879545927048,
0.012040565721690655,
0.03057250939309597,
-0.008099416270852089,
0.05229203402996063,
0.051742590963840485,
-0.016578825190663338,
0.11157626658678055,
0.01284034550189972,
-0.003965485375374556,
0.04075203835964203,
0.035048987716436386,
0.021840952336788177,
-0.03102400340139866,
-0.03519909456372261,
-0.017940636724233627,
-0.04573474079370499,
-0.00957114715129137,
-0.10485227406024933,
0.03186478465795517,
-0.011091051623225212,
0.039237070828676224,
-0.028899837285280228,
-0.010839409194886684,
0.07227781414985657,
-0.08871191740036011,
-0.03168455511331558,
-0.30160945653915405,
-0.012760143727064133,
-0.04301037639379501,
-0.010262631811201572,
0.1283906102180481,
-0.05027962476015091,
0.012249850668013096,
-0.032237861305475235,
0.0028246974106878042,
-0.017934219911694527,
-0.03541075810790062,
0.02272213064134121,
0.0273301862180233,
-0.06455711275339127,
0.002451564883813262,
0.015754271298646927,
0.03261518478393555,
-0.021972406655550003,
0.05631863325834274,
0.04507199674844742,
-0.011509377509355545,
-0.028849219903349876,
0.014584401622414589,
0.0067041534930467606,
0.06624481827020645,
0.021330639719963074,
0.12546242773532867,
-0.06655315309762955,
0.03668483346700668,
0.004823540803045034,
0.002329971408471465,
0.017265211790800095,
-0.0989469364285469,
-0.030560219660401344,
0.02044031210243702,
-0.015361596830189228,
-0.04341694712638855,
-0.0365305058658123,
-0.00335970357991755,
0.019347839057445526,
0.03113090619444847,
0.06571617722511292,
-0.011659613810479641,
-0.02041582576930523,
-0.04742906242609024,
-0.01845327392220497,
-0.006075752899050713,
0.025370415300130844,
0.023577898740768433,
0.006888614501804113,
0.01101616770029068,
0.006138201802968979,
0.036483537405729294,
-0.00248963781632483,
-0.006105670239776373,
0.0015282317763194442,
-0.04867006093263626,
0.004023237619549036,
-0.008718172088265419,
-0.036354128271341324,
0.05848126858472824,
0.009902719408273697,
0.04096533730626106,
0.010587613098323345,
0.003134454134851694,
-0.027522506192326546,
0.015899980440735817,
0.03306034207344055,
0.040059346705675125,
0.0026579508557915688,
0.04056034982204437,
0.12285707890987396,
-0.02992430329322815,
0.04043268412351608,
0.011847347021102905,
0.03992604464292526,
-0.04871492460370064,
-0.05485010892152786,
0.008673353120684624,
0.01490242499858141,
0.03540715575218201,
0.034363504499197006,
0.09344957023859024,
0.001248304732143879,
0.03175395354628563,
0.01425178162753582,
0.042336154729127884,
0.0019386181375011802,
0.07083175331354141,
0.0038756621070206165,
0.007769505027681589,
-0.0037486120127141476,
0.033387597650289536,
-0.04927971214056015,
-0.0015967745566740632,
-0.004854137077927589,
-0.28855493664741516,
-0.002947472967207432,
0.02867807075381279,
0.05378451943397522,
-0.06145342066884041,
-0.0053097838535904884,
0.06727709621191025,
-0.04574410989880562,
-0.04682095721364021,
0.020746437832713127,
0.013472524471580982,
0.01974969357252121,
-0.0018045653123408556,
0.028491782024502754,
-0.030988456681370735,
0.06063343957066536,
0.05857882648706436,
-0.07889312505722046,
0.011133192107081413,
-0.05580948665738106,
-0.01250477135181427,
-0.04635065048933029,
0.16070491075515747,
0.0007265585009008646,
-0.014782081358134747,
0.05633988231420517,
0.0005854596383869648,
0.1165003851056099,
-0.028605729341506958,
-0.05597754567861557,
-0.040287211537361145,
0.015289034694433212,
0.027973800897598267,
-0.04868687316775322,
0.05500096455216408,
0.045798592269420624,
-0.0014856611378490925,
0.005257177632302046,
0.030317312106490135,
-0.012704229913651943,
-0.002925451844930649,
-0.010517473332583904,
-0.06803783774375916,
-0.034256502985954285,
0.023240994662046432,
-0.021818766370415688,
-0.059535060077905655,
-0.033742643892765045,
0.009407106786966324,
0.03546236827969551,
-0.06372100114822388,
0.035821523517370224,
0.051023438572883606,
-0.05760159343481064,
0.0451192632317543,
-0.000020347160898381844,
-0.024519266560673714,
-0.021975507959723473,
0.009799364022910595,
-0.022578466683626175,
0.024490313604474068,
0.026737991720438004,
-0.05239288508892059,
0.06958246976137161,
-0.014340532943606377
] |
PMID:19731
|
The properties of native and denatured DNA in buoyant rubidium trichloroacetate at neutral pH.
|
Aqueous RbTCA is generally suitable as a buoyant solvent for both native and denatured DNA at neutral pH and room temperature. Native PM-2 DNA II, for example, is buoyant at 3.29 M salt, 25 degrees C; whereas the denatured strands band together at 4.52 M. Two properties of the solvent make this system uniquely useful for separations based upon the extent of secondary structure. First, the melting transition temperature for chemically unaltered DNA is depressed to room temperature or below. Second, the buoyant density increase accompanying denaturation is extraordinarily large, 174 mg/ml for PM-2 DNA II. This value is three times that found in aqueous NaI and ten times that for CsCl. The properties of the RbTCA buoyant solvent presented here include the compositional and buoyant density gradients and the buoyant density dependence upon base composition. The DNA remains chemically unaltered after exposure to RbTCA as shown by the absence of strand scissions for closed circular DNA and by the unimpaired biological activity in transformation assays. Intact virion DNA may be isolated by direct banding of whole virions in RbTCA gradients without prior phenol extraction. Strongly complexed or covalently bound proteins may be detected by their association with the buoyant polymer in the denaturing density gradient.
|
The properties of native and denatured DNA in buoyant rubidium trichloroacetate at neutral pH. Aqueous RbTCA is generally suitable as a buoyant solvent for both native and denatured DNA at neutral pH and room temperature. Native PM-2 DNA II, for example, is buoyant at 3.29 M salt, 25 degrees C; whereas the denatured strands band together at 4.52 M. Two properties of the solvent make this system uniquely useful for separations based upon the extent of secondary structure. First, the melting transition temperature for chemically unaltered DNA is depressed to room temperature or below. Second, the buoyant density increase accompanying denaturation is extraordinarily large, 174 mg/ml for PM-2 DNA II. This value is three times that found in aqueous NaI and ten times that for CsCl. The properties of the RbTCA buoyant solvent presented here include the compositional and buoyant density gradients and the buoyant density dependence upon base composition. The DNA remains chemically unaltered after exposure to RbTCA as shown by the absence of strand scissions for closed circular DNA and by the unimpaired biological activity in transformation assays. Intact virion DNA may be isolated by direct banding of whole virions in RbTCA gradients without prior phenol extraction. Strongly complexed or covalently bound proteins may be detected by their association with the buoyant polymer in the denaturing density gradient.
|
[
-0.035787153989076614,
0.0008264158386737108,
-0.03962285444140434,
-0.009124895557761192,
0.04735780507326126,
-0.010586682707071304,
0.06276969611644745,
0.05637028068304062,
-0.016895368695259094,
-0.05278512090444565,
0.013950834050774574,
-0.05707895755767822,
0.018634628504514694,
-0.03404025733470917,
-0.047967009246349335,
-0.015514058992266655,
0.012102304957807064,
0.00294045964255929,
-0.017144381999969482,
0.03652861341834068,
0.026412734761834145,
-0.0399019718170166,
0.0029205484315752983,
-0.016284573823213577,
-0.020278777927160263,
0.032982002943754196,
-0.04905221238732338,
0.01236038375645876,
-0.06845498830080032,
-0.23151539266109467,
0.013444866053760052,
0.0020438863430172205,
-0.008946732617914677,
-0.024649128317832947,
-0.005536434706300497,
-0.035349078476428986,
-0.018993794918060303,
-0.05396493524312973,
-0.04484511539340019,
-0.004634601529687643,
0.03244026377797127,
0.04399283975362778,
0.017127014696598053,
0.018316783010959625,
-0.0018163982313126326,
0.015119425021111965,
-0.03448006138205528,
0.07185765355825424,
0.052160535007715225,
0.026084573939442635,
-0.009767431765794754,
-0.0028051412664353848,
-0.0319775752723217,
-0.00876059290021658,
-0.017695607617497444,
0.04159627854824066,
0.013642502948641777,
0.027605248615145683,
-0.012199635617434978,
-0.017448347061872482,
0.025919944047927856,
0.003684240859001875,
-0.1199130043387413,
0.07366397231817245,
0.10475291311740875,
0.028585486114025116,
-0.028370343148708344,
-0.0357237383723259,
0.05851832777261734,
-0.015833457931876183,
0.0025313026271760464,
0.09726245701313019,
0.014027406461536884,
0.05387800559401512,
0.02114262618124485,
-0.029653193429112434,
0.011463345028460026,
-0.013024392537772655,
0.01439952477812767,
-0.01119747944176197,
-0.01624656654894352,
-0.01206123549491167,
0.044206924736499786,
-0.06362410634756088,
-0.04661433398723602,
0.019207332283258438,
0.009778953157365322,
-0.030444340780377388,
-0.014080452732741833,
0.029678229242563248,
0.05309734866023064,
-0.014424068853259087,
-0.005964570213109255,
0.0183709729462862,
-0.08173701912164688,
0.0473683625459671,
-0.00080038484884426,
0.015364538878202438,
0.09689326584339142,
0.36796504259109497,
0.005603931378573179,
0.007944021373987198,
-0.0662507638335228,
-0.05245211347937584,
-0.044455211609601974,
-0.037803322076797485,
0.03220804035663605,
-0.03881555423140526,
0.003354399697855115,
0.025381196290254593,
0.05489655211567879,
0.059897881001234055,
0.016169171780347824,
-0.06161339581012726,
-0.008446055464446545,
0.01975213550031185,
0.03422600403428078,
0.0048077902756631374,
-0.07573582977056503,
-0.0113819045946002,
-0.11014288663864136,
-0.02141084522008896,
0.032760657370090485,
-0.008186211809515953,
0.02207382768392563,
-0.008455310016870499,
0.027628233656287193,
0.08237588405609131,
0.039249882102012634,
0.06228683143854141,
0.02145247906446457,
0.05982984974980354,
-0.022438297048211098,
-0.01775866374373436,
-0.0189621914178133,
0.010381362400949001,
0.012169635854661465,
-0.009043214842677116,
0.015025916509330273,
0.01231144368648529,
-0.051879215985536575,
-0.025663508102297783,
-0.031055182218551636,
-0.05264968052506447,
-0.03749029338359833,
0.036110613495111465,
-0.0528167225420475,
0.07555481046438217,
0.021412024274468422,
0.029222935438156128,
-0.06926655024290085,
0.06715012341737747,
0.004417597781866789,
0.012291680090129375,
0.024858886376023293,
-0.041700199246406555,
-0.03536703437566757,
-0.030272172763943672,
-0.03362682834267616,
0.034759268164634705,
-0.06736709177494049,
-0.006543281022459269,
0.022268008440732956,
0.10502992570400238,
-0.021286172792315483,
-0.07421635091304779,
-0.01400839351117611,
0.013598497025668621,
0.06235015019774437,
0.004070507828146219,
-0.02295522950589657,
-0.006986192427575588,
0.004672199487686157,
-0.02940954640507698,
-0.05159459263086319,
0.005425774492323399,
-0.029839850962162018,
-0.021578587591648102,
0.01501398254185915,
0.02202865108847618,
-0.004186193458735943,
-0.018179845064878464,
0.02077028900384903,
0.05901729688048363,
0.04056066647171974,
-0.03399549797177315,
-0.056907281279563904,
0.028893865644931793,
0.018291207030415535,
0.08182655274868011,
-0.0594545379281044,
-0.02204357273876667,
-0.05510072037577629,
0.07424967736005783,
0.010474929586052895,
-0.018892530351877213,
0.011873197741806507,
-0.02369328960776329,
-0.00027509909705258906,
-0.015638114884495735,
0.12443598359823227,
0.02867693081498146,
-0.02730032056570053,
0.05170917883515358,
0.011997826397418976,
0.03739719092845917,
0.08354000002145767,
-0.021524593234062195,
0.005675537046045065,
0.02267175354063511,
0.014860411174595356,
0.0007710580248385668,
-0.0642799437046051,
-0.043125301599502563,
-0.06080317869782448,
0.021179167553782463,
0.0265982523560524,
0.05043913424015045,
0.03950909152626991,
-0.0009426375618204474,
0.07738278061151505,
-0.08113283663988113,
-0.05932652950286865,
-0.3047667443752289,
-0.007914122194051743,
-0.030727284029126167,
-0.010201442055404186,
0.05907180532813072,
0.00720382621511817,
0.03139455243945122,
0.05270766466856003,
0.04643673822283745,
-0.08639364689588547,
0.020441271364688873,
0.033043064177036285,
0.001993963262066245,
-0.05893949419260025,
-0.007098766975104809,
0.013748089782893658,
0.04048894718289375,
0.02292531542479992,
0.06987062096595764,
0.040026891976594925,
0.001704043592326343,
-0.005043422803282738,
-0.011032924056053162,
0.02377285063266754,
0.06323447823524475,
-0.02603740803897381,
0.11722923815250397,
-0.06025037169456482,
-0.03243352845311165,
0.029980849474668503,
0.004866071045398712,
0.026782101020216942,
-0.0506935752928257,
-0.05426724627614021,
-0.01359617616981268,
-0.04483851045370102,
-0.05328505486249924,
0.02253757044672966,
-0.013152855448424816,
0.03535699099302292,
0.0572216771543026,
0.02373032458126545,
0.03692733868956566,
-0.05447475612163544,
-0.03153950348496437,
-0.0363338366150856,
0.012451188638806343,
0.039958465844392776,
0.0030822292901575565,
-0.02462579682469368,
0.04898879677057266,
-0.03300348296761513,
0.0007959649083204567,
-0.05628164857625961,
0.005315132439136505,
-0.021695351228117943,
-0.034900158643722534,
0.022595010697841644,
-0.038632895797491074,
-0.007881112396717072,
0.017198536545038223,
0.018997564911842346,
-0.01239050179719925,
0.07003440707921982,
-0.04362144693732262,
-0.02923017367720604,
0.03729937598109245,
0.010821049101650715,
0.03604286164045334,
-0.07854048907756805,
0.0004851499106734991,
0.09051475673913956,
0.029462357982993126,
0.017502976581454277,
0.02032337710261345,
0.028939679265022278,
-0.025248076766729355,
-0.028657766059041023,
-0.01885555498301983,
0.04488740488886833,
-0.002043856540694833,
0.036257680505514145,
0.0616723969578743,
0.0038893714081496,
0.019056137651205063,
0.04400726407766342,
0.021917959675192833,
-0.04827800393104553,
-0.00662327790632844,
-0.02730407565832138,
0.005452495068311691,
-0.006888733711093664,
0.005532454699277878,
-0.02671772614121437,
0.001813126727938652,
0.0678461417555809,
-0.31025823950767517,
-0.03218812495470047,
0.005862317513674498,
-0.014350982382893562,
0.013047466985881329,
-0.036100033670663834,
0.041091084480285645,
0.011148769408464432,
-0.06631704419851303,
0.03185490891337395,
-0.03427086025476456,
0.066852867603302,
0.05076580494642258,
0.018722979351878166,
-0.006671329494565725,
-0.01023094542324543,
0.04599752277135849,
-0.06456911563873291,
-0.0005665760836564004,
-0.01512241456657648,
0.03517656400799751,
-0.006601550150662661,
0.14934301376342773,
-0.0038667405024170876,
-0.055021435022354126,
0.0374332033097744,
-0.005866147577762604,
0.04324963688850403,
-0.03463059291243553,
0.00285619986243546,
-0.05939710885286331,
0.03701905161142349,
0.054522935301065445,
-0.06875386089086533,
-0.009448583237826824,
0.03157415986061096,
0.006143367383629084,
-0.02312653325498104,
0.001498554483987391,
-0.02691807970404625,
-0.00888711679726839,
-0.006611537653952837,
-0.0014300869079306722,
-0.07884683459997177,
0.018144909292459488,
-0.05230994150042534,
-0.06732574850320816,
-0.031100980937480927,
0.014930357225239277,
0.0001310324005316943,
-0.044608961790800095,
-0.00580728892236948,
0.021236034110188484,
-0.02585887350142002,
0.01760094426572323,
0.006589982658624649,
-0.03607015684247017,
-0.005686019081622362,
0.032065168023109436,
-0.015223798342049122,
0.03540882468223572,
-0.05576694756746292,
-0.02915438637137413,
0.08930666744709015,
0.029410291463136673
] |
PMID:19738
|
Model for "charge-relay": acceleration by carboxylate anion in intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group.
|
The effect of benzoate anion on intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group in endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate was examined in dioxane/H(2)O solutions. Benzoate anion exhibited a remarkable acceleration of the intramolecular general base-catalyzed hydrolysis of endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate by the imidazolyl group. The rate of hydrolysis in the presence of the benzoate anion increased with the dioxane mole fraction and was proportional to the concentration of benzoate anion. On the other hand, the rate of hydrolysis of endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate in the absence of benzoate anion decreased with the dioxane mole fraction. Thus, the ratio of the rate in the presence of benzoate anion to that in the absence of benzoate anion drastically increased with the dioxane mole fraction and attained a 2500-fold rate acceleration at a dioxane mole fraction of 0.42 (the highest experimentally attainable) when the concentration of benzoate anion was 0.5 M. The proposed mechanism involves proton abstraction by the benzoate anion from the imidazolyl group, followed by proton abstraction by the imidazolyl group from H(2)O, resulting in effective general base-catalysis of hydrolysis. The results of the present paper provide support for the "charge-relay" system in serine proteases.
|
Model for "charge-relay": acceleration by carboxylate anion in intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group. The effect of benzoate anion on intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group in endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate was examined in dioxane/H(2)O solutions. Benzoate anion exhibited a remarkable acceleration of the intramolecular general base-catalyzed hydrolysis of endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate by the imidazolyl group. The rate of hydrolysis in the presence of the benzoate anion increased with the dioxane mole fraction and was proportional to the concentration of benzoate anion. On the other hand, the rate of hydrolysis of endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate in the absence of benzoate anion decreased with the dioxane mole fraction. Thus, the ratio of the rate in the presence of benzoate anion to that in the absence of benzoate anion drastically increased with the dioxane mole fraction and attained a 2500-fold rate acceleration at a dioxane mole fraction of 0.42 (the highest experimentally attainable) when the concentration of benzoate anion was 0.5 M. The proposed mechanism involves proton abstraction by the benzoate anion from the imidazolyl group, followed by proton abstraction by the imidazolyl group from H(2)O, resulting in effective general base-catalysis of hydrolysis. The results of the present paper provide support for the "charge-relay" system in serine proteases.
|
[
-0.1019502729177475,
-0.0039491499774158,
-0.04826141148805618,
0.01817602850496769,
0.0055435895919799805,
-0.0051597049459815025,
-0.02054072730243206,
0.03981849178671837,
-0.05467195436358452,
-0.040775589644908905,
0.04805079847574234,
-0.006737951189279556,
-0.015904314815998077,
0.05623253807425499,
-0.026029903441667557,
-0.015926573425531387,
-0.028357867151498795,
-0.03032715991139412,
-0.007770331110805273,
0.003458954393863678,
0.016614725813269615,
-0.0614590160548687,
0.032303061336278915,
0.0232455525547266,
0.005619153846055269,
0.07209974527359009,
0.030911041423678398,
0.024841459468007088,
-0.03032713755965233,
-0.26266470551490784,
0.061690252274274826,
-0.02441241964697838,
-0.012898356653749943,
0.004146452061831951,
-0.0037119281478226185,
0.015467021614313126,
-0.050438087433576584,
0.003813867922872305,
-0.062166761606931686,
0.02552175521850586,
0.0698985904455185,
0.028043493628501892,
-0.01982412487268448,
0.03193264454603195,
0.034121595323085785,
-0.0352366641163826,
-0.056443311274051666,
0.016163362190127373,
0.04422386363148689,
-0.03942042589187622,
0.006690793205052614,
0.0001502172672189772,
-0.014875742606818676,
0.028958480805158615,
-0.047589533030986786,
0.008243194781243801,
0.005616144277155399,
0.04025755077600479,
-0.02077256143093109,
-0.043662868440151215,
0.014090107753872871,
0.05242476984858513,
-0.12419342994689941,
0.03203694149851799,
0.06310659646987915,
0.015683380886912346,
0.02330169826745987,
0.015250911936163902,
0.012702827341854572,
0.0796489343047142,
-0.05077522620558739,
-0.025494934991002083,
-0.02108079381287098,
-0.02169865369796753,
0.007551668677479029,
0.006829482968896627,
0.00535451527684927,
0.033855702728033066,
-0.013947934843599796,
-0.028643466532230377,
0.0015250660944730043,
-0.07168540358543396,
-0.007609805092215538,
-0.020791755989193916,
-0.03416858986020088,
0.024545997381210327,
0.013683175668120384,
0.004331832751631737,
0.057305529713630676,
0.01452716439962387,
0.007925373502075672,
-0.029586216434836388,
-0.04090988263487816,
-0.016564827412366867,
-0.040584322065114975,
0.08362671732902527,
0.033151429146528244,
-0.014570619910955429,
0.0020606934558600187,
0.3911002576351166,
0.003746060887351632,
0.049263689666986465,
-0.06990039348602295,
-0.07868647575378418,
0.008184420876204967,
-0.03302258253097534,
-0.026225976645946503,
0.018006008118391037,
0.014189428649842739,
-0.011213631369173527,
0.03168855607509613,
0.019598092883825302,
0.007009556517004967,
-0.06617417931556702,
-0.03149166703224182,
0.0021271149162203074,
0.007907696068286896,
-0.004542234819382429,
-0.0010321460431441665,
-0.034923993051052094,
0.009726101532578468,
0.029690679162740707,
0.03553963080048561,
0.06516002118587494,
0.04963807761669159,
-0.00104493775870651,
-0.03447514399886131,
0.08969198167324066,
0.03964901715517044,
0.06559357047080994,
0.030288634821772575,
0.017922207713127136,
0.01432641688734293,
-0.007123021874576807,
0.0005723302601836622,
-0.007074140477925539,
0.006341247819364071,
-0.00799102894961834,
-0.012360893189907074,
0.013987939804792404,
-0.036500249058008194,
-0.008533690124750137,
-0.013246091082692146,
-0.10796523839235306,
-0.07618802785873413,
0.07781438529491425,
0.01800812967121601,
-0.008691465482115746,
-0.03654290363192558,
0.048132047057151794,
0.00013424246571958065,
0.044564567506313324,
-0.0588185079395771,
0.0340837761759758,
0.0030984017066657543,
0.005531937349587679,
0.014903198927640915,
0.008129357360303402,
-0.02305150404572487,
0.05086201801896095,
-0.11332327127456665,
0.043933868408203125,
-0.01623268611729145,
0.12307903170585632,
0.008274274878203869,
-0.046128157526254654,
-0.040491148829460144,
-0.01373324915766716,
0.0217595212161541,
0.007198810111731291,
0.0004888674593530595,
-0.03116556629538536,
-0.028252851217985153,
0.017277251929044724,
0.012592376209795475,
0.004572741221636534,
0.022360127419233322,
-0.03886625915765762,
0.013934641145169735,
-0.006249808240681887,
0.008203864097595215,
0.045719124376773834,
0.015151649713516235,
0.07775065302848816,
0.04419946298003197,
0.024540159851312637,
-0.04186968505382538,
-0.010222547687590122,
0.005432927515357733,
0.04919807240366936,
-0.0420985147356987,
0.021499689668416977,
-0.09850051254034042,
0.07518340647220612,
-0.017847353592514992,
-0.014178185723721981,
-0.06510701775550842,
0.012743779458105564,
-0.0002567853080108762,
-0.017975790426135063,
0.10785306245088577,
0.005254651885479689,
-0.02459564059972763,
0.048328377306461334,
0.020271962508559227,
-0.027177488431334496,
-0.014056764543056488,
-0.007616198621690273,
0.03148112818598747,
-0.03601634502410889,
0.01778092421591282,
-0.029107550159096718,
-0.03227204456925392,
-0.0497635155916214,
-0.02035634033381939,
0.03831912949681282,
0.0009446764015592635,
0.06642788648605347,
0.04092453420162201,
0.004966036882251501,
0.01700541377067566,
-0.06487557291984558,
-0.05698324367403984,
-0.2695266604423523,
-0.04271234944462776,
-0.007935608737170696,
-0.018005570396780968,
0.04432142898440361,
-0.0900397077202797,
0.02921268902719021,
-0.03509083762764931,
-0.008839461021125317,
-0.0521368607878685,
0.053459424525499344,
0.03382426127791405,
-0.06680009514093399,
-0.045417528599500656,
-0.006188441999256611,
0.007414935622364283,
0.020476022735238075,
-0.006420446559786797,
0.0655079260468483,
0.01446451898664236,
-0.002863002708181739,
-0.05455498397350311,
0.01893816888332367,
0.020073533058166504,
0.027095366269350052,
-0.03008337691426277,
0.08788766711950302,
0.01544076669961214,
0.018732674419879913,
0.03452271223068237,
-0.0050792270340025425,
0.04389743506908417,
-0.014994034543633461,
-0.06516358256340027,
-0.07746592909097672,
-0.06652334332466125,
0.07558884471654892,
-0.07096192240715027,
0.004486758261919022,
-0.008845805190503597,
-0.012640190310776234,
-0.0358150340616703,
0.03673570230603218,
-0.09798901528120041,
0.01812833547592163,
0.004838067106902599,
-0.035451821982860565,
-0.024073664098978043,
0.0100091015920043,
0.009091832675039768,
0.11959485709667206,
-0.0201945211738348,
0.019781459122896194,
-0.022197874262928963,
0.006749662104994059,
-0.002340073697268963,
-0.025144100189208984,
0.011593886651098728,
-0.058132026344537735,
-0.007795741781592369,
0.009094352833926678,
-0.006891296710819006,
-0.02799472212791443,
0.06463949382305145,
0.034306108951568604,
-0.024103326722979546,
0.020575018599629402,
-0.03974524140357971,
0.023591002449393272,
0.010807075537741184,
0.004575167316943407,
0.13910892605781555,
-0.03514779359102249,
0.018919048830866814,
0.07105901837348938,
0.027416270226240158,
-0.03239532932639122,
-0.029085373505949974,
-0.08058878779411316,
-0.006907785777002573,
-0.039467696100473404,
0.02685382589697838,
0.028585443273186684,
-0.05641699954867363,
-0.05349373444914818,
0.024815406650304794,
0.015755759552121162,
-0.007947134785354137,
0.014431600458920002,
0.02366943284869194,
0.04955187439918518,
0.01059800200164318,
-0.06295276433229446,
-0.03453032672405243,
-0.020577535033226013,
0.043553564697504044,
-0.2744789123535156,
0.005166114307940006,
0.01576153188943863,
0.04806090518832207,
-0.01884748786687851,
0.030390603467822075,
0.07383469492197037,
-0.08924940973520279,
-0.02661207877099514,
0.04885529726743698,
-0.04256381466984749,
0.05930585786700249,
-0.020971719175577164,
0.08238311856985092,
0.010016764514148235,
0.017954040318727493,
0.05449383705854416,
-0.023504696786403656,
0.011494217440485954,
-0.03305599465966225,
-0.030639493837952614,
0.0195525623857975,
0.155271977186203,
0.01805703155696392,
0.00885562039911747,
0.08195829391479492,
-0.006094793323427439,
0.00617255549877882,
0.0058450219221413136,
-0.0012403803411871195,
-0.03476621210575104,
0.03203323483467102,
0.05833248421549797,
-0.07615815103054047,
0.05597858503460884,
0.009418235160410404,
0.009047593921422958,
0.0474541150033474,
0.017103685066103935,
0.002839221153408289,
-0.009248199872672558,
0.022013382986187935,
-0.011931679211556911,
-0.06145418807864189,
0.044856492429971695,
-0.03817707300186157,
-0.04790932312607765,
-0.03461523354053497,
-0.010922144167125225,
0.013514211401343346,
-0.015208576805889606,
-0.0016443344065919518,
-0.029063714668154716,
0.015032690949738026,
0.03781677410006523,
0.043885014951229095,
-0.02211066335439682,
0.0031190915033221245,
-0.004789724946022034,
0.024669360369443893,
-0.0009376315865665674,
0.0017028528964146972,
-0.0011218717554584146,
0.05689091235399246,
0.038466159254312515
] |
PMID:19739
|
Superiority of interconvertible enzyme cascades in metabolite regulation: analysis of multicyclic systems.
|
Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase are prototypes for models of "closed" and "opened" bicyclic cascade systems. Steady-state functions relating the fractional activation of interconvertible enzymes to the concentrations of allosteric effectors and to the catalytic constants of the several converter enzymes in such cascades were determined. The study shows that when the active form of an interconvertible enzyme in one cycle catalyzes the covalent modification of the interconvertible enzyme in a second cycle, the two cycles become coupled, such that the fractional activity of the second interconvertible enzyme is a multiplicative function of all parameters in both cycles, i.e., of 14 and 18 parameters for the closed and the opened bicyclic cascade, respectively. Therefore, from the standpoint of cellular regulation, bicyclic cascades are superior to the monocyclic cascades analyzed previously [E. R. Stadtman & P. B. Chock (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2761-2765], because: (i) they can respond to a greater number of allosteric effectors; (ii) they can achieve much greater amplification of responses to primary stimuli (e.g., with only 2-fold changes in each parameter the amplification factors of one-cycle and two-cycle cascades are 320 and 102,400, respectively); (iii) they can generate a sigmoidal response (Hill numbers of >2) of interconvertible enzyme activity to increasing concentrations of an allosteric effector. This is because there are more steps in a bicyclic cascade at which a given effector can interact. A similar analysis of multicyclic cascade systems shows that the capacity for amplification increases exponentially as the number of cycles in the cascade increases. In addition, regulation by cyclic cascades can achieve enormous variability of the fractional activity of the interconvertible enzyme by shifting the steady-state distribution between active and inactive forms. One equivalent of ATP is consumed in each interconversion cycle to provide the energy needed to maintain the steady-state activity of the modified enzyme at a metabolically required level. Therefore, the decomposition of ATP associated with the cyclic cascade is not a wasteful process.
|
Superiority of interconvertible enzyme cascades in metabolite regulation: analysis of multicyclic systems. Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase are prototypes for models of "closed" and "opened" bicyclic cascade systems. Steady-state functions relating the fractional activation of interconvertible enzymes to the concentrations of allosteric effectors and to the catalytic constants of the several converter enzymes in such cascades were determined. The study shows that when the active form of an interconvertible enzyme in one cycle catalyzes the covalent modification of the interconvertible enzyme in a second cycle, the two cycles become coupled, such that the fractional activity of the second interconvertible enzyme is a multiplicative function of all parameters in both cycles, i.e., of 14 and 18 parameters for the closed and the opened bicyclic cascade, respectively. Therefore, from the standpoint of cellular regulation, bicyclic cascades are superior to the monocyclic cascades analyzed previously [E. R. Stadtman & P. B. Chock (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2761-2765], because: (i) they can respond to a greater number of allosteric effectors; (ii) they can achieve much greater amplification of responses to primary stimuli (e.g., with only 2-fold changes in each parameter the amplification factors of one-cycle and two-cycle cascades are 320 and 102,400, respectively); (iii) they can generate a sigmoidal response (Hill numbers of >2) of interconvertible enzyme activity to increasing concentrations of an allosteric effector. This is because there are more steps in a bicyclic cascade at which a given effector can interact. A similar analysis of multicyclic cascade systems shows that the capacity for amplification increases exponentially as the number of cycles in the cascade increases. In addition, regulation by cyclic cascades can achieve enormous variability of the fractional activity of the interconvertible enzyme by shifting the steady-state distribution between active and inactive forms. One equivalent of ATP is consumed in each interconversion cycle to provide the energy needed to maintain the steady-state activity of the modified enzyme at a metabolically required level. Therefore, the decomposition of ATP associated with the cyclic cascade is not a wasteful process.
|
[
-0.0655105859041214,
-0.06662969291210175,
-0.06479684263467789,
0.031267646700143814,
0.002133694477379322,
-0.06262922286987305,
0.002079274971038103,
0.0354873426258564,
0.02019788697361946,
-0.02741943672299385,
0.0032119047828018665,
-0.05616515502333641,
0.001049334998242557,
0.03472689166665077,
0.008049958385527134,
-0.004192634951323271,
-0.025132430717349052,
0.012079899199306965,
-0.04006139561533928,
0.014628387987613678,
0.021930767223238945,
-0.0010945157846435905,
0.025185601785779,
-0.023294009268283844,
0.04268094524741173,
0.006717095151543617,
0.02669094316661358,
-0.005858306773006916,
-0.0648433193564415,
-0.25918108224868774,
0.0244146678596735,
0.015610474161803722,
0.021026985719799995,
-0.011466178111732006,
-0.05202212929725647,
0.013314532116055489,
-0.017911413684487343,
-0.022177208214998245,
-0.05704794079065323,
0.04351794719696045,
0.045016925781965256,
0.028104715049266815,
0.06005221977829933,
0.05354135483503342,
-0.010254699736833572,
0.001983264461159706,
-0.023678835481405258,
0.0006632637232542038,
0.009808973409235477,
-0.02598119154572487,
0.010767180472612381,
-0.0036621408071368933,
-0.010117843747138977,
0.00393518153578043,
0.0017386155668646097,
-0.014195329509675503,
-0.014876208268105984,
0.08400505036115646,
0.005800116807222366,
-0.00637630233541131,
0.019180910661816597,
0.025296948850154877,
-0.15345336496829987,
0.027548175305128098,
0.06881815195083618,
-0.011215844191610813,
0.0006738337106071413,
-0.019621247425675392,
0.025459596887230873,
0.04955456405878067,
-0.07492215931415558,
-0.019564535468816757,
-0.03676097095012665,
-0.029697809368371964,
0.03686317801475525,
0.01011309027671814,
-0.02772672101855278,
0.0008324723457917571,
0.040718745440244675,
-0.0013502608053386211,
0.053172532469034195,
-0.006071971729397774,
0.02759852446615696,
-0.03256674110889435,
-0.01232390571385622,
-0.016706576570868492,
0.02109072543680668,
-0.033592790365219116,
0.017069999128580093,
0.04572945833206177,
-0.05508551001548767,
-0.04002971202135086,
0.040532153099775314,
-0.021925723180174828,
-0.04815903306007385,
0.06805111467838287,
0.04248812049627304,
0.01558104157447815,
0.03974459320306778,
0.3328055739402771,
-0.005296359769999981,
0.00448436476290226,
-0.018542684614658356,
0.003326677717268467,
0.003172206459566951,
-0.01518298964947462,
0.000036634366551879793,
0.040952302515506744,
-0.002025037771090865,
0.014660133048892021,
0.0499294176697731,
0.013375014998018742,
0.06764567643404007,
-0.030075905844569206,
-0.04590407386422157,
0.019308557733893394,
0.016396494582295418,
0.0697377547621727,
-0.01661617122590542,
0.014229466207325459,
-0.014190045185387135,
0.025053003802895546,
0.01215331256389618,
0.004633711650967598,
0.002104909624904394,
0.06186215952038765,
-0.027634087949991226,
0.06278945505619049,
0.055788762867450714,
-0.03170466795563698,
0.046403780579566956,
0.035409923642873764,
0.011588115245103836,
0.020595962181687355,
0.024016745388507843,
-0.04548215866088867,
0.01968095451593399,
0.00413045659661293,
0.05523132160305977,
0.04339563846588135,
0.036134351044893265,
-0.0221541840583086,
-0.0015353914350271225,
-0.110497385263443,
-0.06863007694482803,
0.1307802051305771,
-0.017340632155537605,
-0.021782347932457924,
-0.050278179347515106,
0.008554412052035332,
0.013522154651582241,
0.029979154467582703,
-0.033945027738809586,
-0.02685815654695034,
0.011112002655863762,
0.07663840800523758,
-0.010963979177176952,
0.011000892147421837,
0.014648888260126114,
0.01824023574590683,
-0.15572379529476166,
0.04757094383239746,
-0.021132690832018852,
0.06563235074281693,
0.02349282242357731,
-0.00412782933562994,
-0.03421061486005783,
0.025924967601895332,
-0.04121614247560501,
-0.02845849096775055,
0.03398864343762398,
0.024910908192396164,
-0.02241154946386814,
-0.025124527513980865,
0.010954058729112148,
0.039711128920316696,
-0.03511837124824524,
-0.0025282653514295816,
0.014273429289460182,
-0.0030355826020240784,
0.05276430398225784,
-0.0453273244202137,
-0.004486364778131247,
0.048461247235536575,
0.03927883878350258,
0.011306666769087315,
-0.04965968430042267,
-0.02608446031808853,
-0.022262871265411377,
0.06793501228094101,
-0.03783930838108063,
-0.005763042252510786,
-0.10106822848320007,
0.04152091592550278,
-0.0364353209733963,
-0.031448330730199814,
-0.047158367931842804,
0.01538757886737585,
-0.040557220578193665,
-0.004623413551598787,
0.03994156792759895,
0.02985943853855133,
0.01616000011563301,
0.049481622874736786,
-0.00048577471170574427,
0.0026999120600521564,
-0.06806109845638275,
0.02575056627392769,
0.03998369723558426,
-0.010707736015319824,
-0.06893321871757507,
-0.011302229017019272,
-0.044011712074279785,
-0.005826203152537346,
-0.03173332288861275,
0.022155417129397392,
0.02305353805422783,
0.01667140983045101,
0.015240516513586044,
0.01037716493010521,
0.04939331114292145,
-0.06429879367351532,
-0.03872168809175491,
-0.30939483642578125,
-0.09496600180864334,
0.02446581795811653,
0.015846870839595795,
0.06181378662586212,
-0.11013167351484299,
0.025854431092739105,
-0.04196824133396149,
-0.030576638877391815,
-0.020195836201310158,
0.03957515209913254,
0.07686320692300797,
-0.06347214430570602,
-0.03587504103779793,
-0.030110642313957214,
0.05679752305150032,
0.016904573887586594,
-0.007723319344222546,
0.013254637829959393,
-0.02397056855261326,
0.061437565833330154,
0.009375377558171749,
0.05186436325311661,
-0.0015037690754979849,
0.05171054229140282,
-0.0187759418040514,
0.07292148470878601,
-0.09395378082990646,
0.056114062666893005,
0.07105644792318344,
0.030811553820967674,
0.009453794918954372,
-0.04756439849734306,
-0.0275831688195467,
-0.014649755321443081,
-0.03308280184864998,
-0.01170145720243454,
-0.11734333634376526,
0.026964372023940086,
-0.013008464127779007,
-0.0012246656697243452,
-0.012912639416754246,
-0.014803930185735226,
-0.06427708268165588,
0.0066420529037714005,
0.03380316495895386,
-0.023917358368635178,
0.018609629943966866,
-0.018465882167220116,
-0.03903054818511009,
0.001643194817006588,
0.018326090648770332,
0.010750968009233475,
-0.011704455129802227,
0.010373146273195744,
0.007930639199912548,
-0.030385823920369148,
-0.009341494180262089,
-0.04927409067749977,
0.05280989035964012,
-0.022010862827301025,
0.007123313378542662,
-0.03272026777267456,
0.06847058981657028,
0.02433028072118759,
0.033450040966272354,
-0.02670583687722683,
-0.06278769671916962,
0.01373770646750927,
0.008168311789631844,
-0.004582468885928392,
0.07992620766162872,
-0.02514568343758583,
0.028170503675937653,
0.03669051453471184,
0.03241259604692459,
-0.07921203970909119,
-0.02613859623670578,
-0.07142293453216553,
0.03792228549718857,
0.0037804925814270973,
-0.05916569381952286,
0.04721729829907417,
-0.0506809800863266,
-0.02612072229385376,
0.017530446872115135,
-0.001639114343561232,
0.025066260248422623,
0.019482288509607315,
0.025311028584837914,
0.010755202732980251,
-0.005597535986453295,
0.0035742141772061586,
-0.019225113093852997,
-0.005433656740933657,
0.019503522664308548,
-0.2675456702709198,
0.004693382885307074,
-0.02373250015079975,
-0.0014188275672495365,
-0.04772195965051651,
0.027041591703891754,
0.06278391927480698,
-0.023573406040668488,
0.002850084565579891,
0.01557620707899332,
0.02122553624212742,
0.08253921568393707,
0.04999120533466339,
0.09755890816450119,
0.07243126630783081,
0.04266059398651123,
0.062042418867349625,
-0.030494317412376404,
0.029546527191996574,
-0.04218287393450737,
-0.0389765128493309,
0.009058794006705284,
0.18585216999053955,
-0.0024278592318296432,
0.05014973133802414,
0.0693184956908226,
0.004954117815941572,
0.0159193966537714,
-0.052015747874975204,
-0.01021011546254158,
-0.024189142510294914,
-0.0030110226944088936,
0.08311907202005386,
-0.049170199781656265,
0.026356704533100128,
0.00940424483269453,
0.005850653629750013,
0.029787205159664154,
-0.0013615777716040611,
0.03428841382265091,
-0.003104656469076872,
0.009735049679875374,
-0.07880698144435883,
-0.07472749799489975,
0.09245520830154419,
-0.03868337720632553,
-0.03358593210577965,
-0.07309578359127045,
-0.03035319782793522,
0.010539798066020012,
-0.03106820397078991,
-0.01287661213427782,
-0.008001075126230717,
-0.022424310445785522,
-0.018268615007400513,
-0.017244182527065277,
-0.041091471910476685,
-0.025993026793003082,
-0.036988288164138794,
0.025790149345993996,
0.05222681909799576,
0.05442050099372864,
0.003461602609604597,
0.09210527688264847,
-0.009290472604334354
] |
PMID:19737
|
[Enzyme immobilization on hydrated oxides of transition metals and aluminum].
|
The immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase on hydrated oxides of tin, titanium and aluminium was investigated. The degree at which the enzymes were bound upon immobilization was 83.2-2.6%. The amount of bound proteins was 64.2 mg/g carrier. The specific activity of enzymes reached the highest level in the case of hydrated tin oxide and amounted to 76.8%, 49.9% and 99.6%, of activity of native alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase, respectively. The thermal stability of immobilized proteases was considerably higher and that of immobilized invertase was significantly lower than that of native enzymes. The pH optimum of immobilized enzymes shifted by 0.6-2.6 units towards the alkaline region.
|
[Enzyme immobilization on hydrated oxides of transition metals and aluminum]. The immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase on hydrated oxides of tin, titanium and aluminium was investigated. The degree at which the enzymes were bound upon immobilization was 83.2-2.6%. The amount of bound proteins was 64.2 mg/g carrier. The specific activity of enzymes reached the highest level in the case of hydrated tin oxide and amounted to 76.8%, 49.9% and 99.6%, of activity of native alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase, respectively. The thermal stability of immobilized proteases was considerably higher and that of immobilized invertase was significantly lower than that of native enzymes. The pH optimum of immobilized enzymes shifted by 0.6-2.6 units towards the alkaline region.
|
[
-0.06628891080617905,
0.02077431231737137,
-0.005775255151093006,
-0.005971895065158606,
-0.008523160591721535,
-0.058435577899217606,
0.061646416783332825,
0.044185008853673935,
-0.07775747776031494,
-0.015452667139470577,
-0.01841818541288376,
-0.03319390118122101,
-0.04363887384533882,
0.015297441743314266,
-0.0344480462372303,
-0.027509307488799095,
0.06762364506721497,
-0.0035820791963487864,
-0.027101073414087296,
0.018756818026304245,
-0.004526403266936541,
-0.019062355160713196,
0.029609037563204765,
-0.04645819589495659,
0.019357692450284958,
0.07532531768083572,
0.018337875604629517,
0.027775585651397705,
0.008018151856958866,
-0.2012348771095276,
-0.0036155676934868097,
-0.06727048754692078,
-0.014947418123483658,
-0.02269519306719303,
0.0013904889347031713,
0.05374489724636078,
-0.016398634761571884,
-0.03352901712059975,
-0.02978033386170864,
-0.01855664886534214,
0.07877311110496521,
0.05314413830637932,
-0.058718424290418625,
0.013217877596616745,
0.05079338699579239,
0.029062660411000252,
-0.03589929640293121,
0.01547205075621605,
0.047292809933423996,
0.024539973586797714,
0.029559211805462837,
0.05136912316083908,
-0.02651144005358219,
0.03220042958855629,
0.0346764400601387,
-0.0030868437606841326,
0.025516727939248085,
0.08647315204143524,
-0.01674739271402359,
0.009788258001208305,
0.031801048666238785,
-0.009555922821164131,
-0.13135741651058197,
0.04787221923470497,
0.08530200272798538,
-0.0001429230032954365,
0.007350810803472996,
-0.05412134900689125,
0.03737543895840645,
0.022923553362488747,
-0.012003225274384022,
0.05901482328772545,
0.022826798260211945,
0.012713530100882053,
0.005386985372751951,
0.0503765344619751,
0.016329096630215645,
-0.016261344775557518,
0.034085094928741455,
-0.021313678473234177,
-0.00512826070189476,
0.01180223561823368,
-0.01347032655030489,
0.017781535163521767,
0.006548657547682524,
0.056283265352249146,
0.029597528278827667,
-0.00042651977855712175,
0.05578574165701866,
0.012738445773720741,
-0.004905373323708773,
-0.03002556972205639,
0.037278056144714355,
0.02528495527803898,
-0.036565735936164856,
0.06126072630286217,
0.05430116504430771,
0.05135445296764374,
-0.00040427991189062595,
0.39445388317108154,
-0.0043206606060266495,
0.05934450775384903,
-0.06529580801725388,
-0.03281543031334877,
-0.03243490308523178,
0.0003775427758228034,
-0.05360064655542374,
-0.05551857873797417,
-0.05236653983592987,
0.026425538584589958,
0.03873659297823906,
0.041532568633556366,
0.011501084081828594,
-0.049274712800979614,
0.011655265465378761,
-0.025122517719864845,
-0.03292291238903999,
-0.0019355968106538057,
-0.02008626237511635,
0.072637639939785,
-0.09199511259794235,
0.012549846433103085,
0.0011520747793838382,
0.03757680952548981,
0.009816360659897327,
0.010593216866254807,
0.009530245326459408,
0.05659744516015053,
0.011031357571482658,
0.026490360498428345,
-0.00010097330232383683,
0.018783437088131905,
-0.02982548251748085,
-0.0012840472627431154,
0.012295737862586975,
-0.026552239432930946,
-0.03883931413292885,
-0.014938265085220337,
0.023718122392892838,
-0.024497846141457558,
-0.018472854048013687,
-0.0483902208507061,
0.015603082254529,
-0.08048954606056213,
0.030411677435040474,
0.043365828692913055,
-0.03989490121603012,
0.0029926442075520754,
0.020558323711156845,
-0.041263408958911896,
-0.02433084510266781,
0.0783332958817482,
-0.007453656289726496,
0.021953647956252098,
-0.0006319456733763218,
-0.02043861523270607,
-0.030142437666654587,
-0.030680183321237564,
0.025451544672250748,
0.017442699521780014,
-0.11142400652170181,
0.026476291939616203,
-0.004192140884697437,
0.06451913714408875,
0.025264637544751167,
-0.03368765488266945,
0.009485028684139252,
-0.0031041025649756193,
0.029560768976807594,
-0.020315131172537804,
0.007506726775318384,
0.022070810198783875,
-0.05148469656705856,
-0.010484669357538223,
-0.00001748663817124907,
0.028418472036719322,
-0.016385111957788467,
0.036692652851343155,
-0.021774431690573692,
0.03305671364068985,
-0.009920991957187653,
0.015578361228108406,
-0.009481469169259071,
0.013891368173062801,
0.03349984809756279,
-0.05566065385937691,
0.022668393328785896,
0.036942511796951294,
-0.021082023158669472,
0.03875202685594559,
-0.028676562011241913,
0.025904085487127304,
-0.10527122020721436,
0.03980709984898567,
-0.031161008402705193,
0.004252979066222906,
-0.044221408665180206,
0.0012124921195209026,
0.02846493571996689,
0.013987361453473568,
0.08934122323989868,
-0.012145732529461384,
-0.042755112051963806,
0.0036576814018189907,
0.040131453424692154,
0.05446023866534233,
-0.0125051224604249,
0.03786144405603409,
0.05017222464084625,
0.005586802028119564,
-0.03773641213774681,
0.031255338340997696,
-0.02865331992506981,
-0.056076835840940475,
-0.040506526827812195,
0.01563035324215889,
0.03578944504261017,
-0.021488821133971214,
0.02432907186448574,
-0.026107048615813255,
0.027556538581848145,
-0.07112019509077072,
-0.07756883651018143,
-0.2957349121570587,
-0.03442664444446564,
0.010594751685857773,
0.03196581080555916,
0.0460478849709034,
-0.048092301934957504,
0.030077140778303146,
-0.040765099227428436,
-0.020957913249731064,
-0.030813759192824364,
0.05106960982084274,
0.05712397024035454,
0.029667584225535393,
0.011441436596214771,
0.05354883521795273,
-0.01424146443605423,
0.02414872497320175,
-0.08697573095560074,
0.022984307259321213,
0.026688825339078903,
-0.004930268507450819,
-0.002213491126894951,
0.06324358284473419,
-0.01404006127268076,
0.052572332322597504,
-0.047249700874090195,
0.10478594899177551,
-0.03850314021110535,
-0.10002250969409943,
0.010273543186485767,
-0.0062457784079015255,
0.03531160578131676,
-0.02933766320347786,
-0.09036441892385483,
-0.09433731436729431,
-0.009541535750031471,
0.009434866718947887,
-0.02419668436050415,
-0.008448516950011253,
0.015325424261391163,
-0.024602608755230904,
0.1000162810087204,
-0.007847142405807972,
-0.08564460277557373,
0.016074690967798233,
-0.0047121490351855755,
-0.004621447063982487,
0.02832448109984398,
-0.054029680788517,
-0.004112787079066038,
0.024986064061522484,
0.014756421558558941,
0.035698484629392624,
-0.014136148616671562,
-0.044828593730926514,
-0.03219466283917427,
-0.016299791634082794,
0.03546183183789253,
-0.055240314453840256,
-0.00844997726380825,
-0.06750694662332535,
-0.006223236210644245,
-0.00008044455898925662,
0.05822562426328659,
-0.0009659411734901369,
-0.012948917225003242,
0.03816527873277664,
-0.025887249037623405,
0.014788225293159485,
-0.019526725634932518,
0.0020698411390185356,
0.11338174343109131,
-0.06111983209848404,
0.01893632300198078,
0.01719314232468605,
-0.006012808997184038,
0.004803816322237253,
0.0016414027195423841,
-0.008319556713104248,
0.032959215342998505,
-0.009260307066142559,
0.046890728175640106,
0.09342823177576065,
-0.07471546530723572,
0.029937932267785072,
0.08618708699941635,
0.03299238905310631,
-0.02390856295824051,
-0.000323720567394048,
0.0636981949210167,
0.06952302902936935,
-0.004721455741673708,
-0.025332016870379448,
0.04903937876224518,
0.03592870011925697,
-0.010003522969782352,
-0.2970825433731079,
-0.02946465089917183,
0.028295233845710754,
0.0056066084653139114,
-0.053418055176734924,
0.00192967988550663,
0.021579014137387276,
-0.013035714626312256,
-0.00846159365028143,
0.06022457033395767,
-0.016792990267276764,
0.027781177312135696,
0.04286869987845421,
0.03294026851654053,
-0.010889814235270023,
0.04545382782816887,
0.015213016420602798,
-0.029752125963568687,
-0.008230971172451973,
-0.052142880856990814,
0.008725269697606564,
-0.03358488529920578,
0.13225245475769043,
-0.0684574544429779,
0.02334667183458805,
0.08471570163965225,
0.0026578011456876993,
0.05062172934412956,
-0.0408979207277298,
-0.013830916956067085,
-0.0003592213324736804,
-0.01478071603924036,
0.05868786945939064,
-0.047870561480522156,
0.019572824239730835,
0.04246777668595314,
-0.005016569513827562,
-0.024009715765714645,
-0.013403136283159256,
0.02639269456267357,
0.006603947840631008,
-0.058773916214704514,
-0.05826616287231445,
-0.052515994757413864,
0.009341814555227757,
-0.10296350717544556,
-0.032711710780858994,
-0.0016356375999748707,
0.007734017446637154,
0.00023701065219938755,
-0.08311067521572113,
-0.03945740684866905,
0.012369071133434772,
-0.045686330646276474,
-0.011709969490766525,
-0.01869789883494377,
-0.04189145937561989,
-0.010536096058785915,
-0.051671456545591354,
0.015375452116131783,
0.07744982838630676,
-0.043683331459760666,
-0.037079840898513794,
0.0841866061091423,
-0.010199397802352905
] |
PMID:19740
|
Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma.
|
In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
|
Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
|
[
-0.02134391851723194,
-0.051820192486047745,
0.047175221145153046,
0.02608826383948326,
-0.008012955076992512,
-0.0018841410055756569,
0.06047019362449646,
0.009817294776439667,
-0.025111693888902664,
-0.040383655577898026,
0.07540148496627808,
-0.036866702139377594,
0.0007759705767966807,
0.022536208853125572,
-0.023097017779946327,
-0.04834466427564621,
-0.016195181757211685,
0.0028164174873381853,
-0.07990425080060959,
0.007315460126847029,
-0.04578683525323868,
-0.07062610983848572,
0.04298786818981171,
-0.034126266837120056,
0.029952382668852806,
0.015738286077976227,
-0.002271981444209814,
-0.01201281975954771,
-0.09047163277864456,
-0.20312391221523285,
0.026451904326677322,
0.00024171534460037947,
0.020913880318403244,
0.03345001861453056,
0.03243784233927727,
-0.031451381742954254,
-0.00205281306989491,
-0.012492701411247253,
-0.008153919130563736,
0.017903471365571022,
0.05464246869087219,
0.032266732305288315,
-0.034178029745817184,
0.00930233858525753,
0.09581927210092545,
0.002196075627580285,
-0.021992461755871773,
-0.03400148078799248,
0.06959937512874603,
0.04996951296925545,
0.0021565540228039026,
-0.10378292202949524,
0.029334722086787224,
0.088815838098526,
0.0032990844920277596,
0.030436314642429352,
0.003577382303774357,
0.0032682837918400764,
0.028062917292118073,
0.04832907021045685,
0.006791404448449612,
0.0379180982708931,
-0.09405166655778885,
0.04642774164676666,
0.06607534736394882,
-0.028381189331412315,
-0.0000573188517591916,
-0.02654244564473629,
0.057133063673973083,
0.005979756359010935,
-0.027333805337548256,
-0.004615708254277706,
0.011256372556090355,
0.06460854411125183,
0.00939873419702053,
-0.06312426924705505,
0.010166804306209087,
-0.01045001670718193,
0.051706790924072266,
0.023094085976481438,
-0.01815394125878811,
-0.01713847927749157,
0.007567541673779488,
-0.01313231885433197,
-0.0077787842601537704,
-0.017793159931898117,
-0.032493628561496735,
-0.14480964839458466,
-0.040002431720495224,
0.03056437522172928,
-0.05468330159783363,
-0.008666163310408592,
0.03767171502113342,
0.03420664370059967,
-0.10793466120958328,
-0.03204963356256485,
0.02986101619899273,
-0.020542854443192482,
0.0066153001971542835,
0.3803703486919403,
-0.051938947290182114,
-0.054198578000068665,
-0.01583573780953884,
0.0617227666079998,
-0.03493591398000717,
0.01745964214205742,
-0.025795241817831993,
0.02379663661122322,
0.013270911760628223,
0.08816131949424744,
0.02221682295203209,
0.009288071654736996,
-0.004122030921280384,
-0.03624274209141731,
0.00501902075484395,
-0.021490411832928658,
0.03496361896395683,
0.024334384128451347,
-0.051158834248781204,
0.014006360433995724,
0.008577117696404457,
-0.011444787494838238,
0.006097304634749889,
-0.011015797033905983,
0.05743081867694855,
0.04011963680386543,
0.008096783421933651,
0.053538769483566284,
0.09873148053884506,
-0.004304984118789434,
0.0030994166154414415,
0.0487784706056118,
-0.011328703723847866,
0.019829675555229187,
-0.011758069507777691,
-0.00031863513868302107,
-0.04198898747563362,
-0.0652865394949913,
-0.008183082565665245,
-0.04551119729876518,
0.011590882204473019,
-0.05196872353553772,
-0.0012370254844427109,
-0.03528502210974693,
-0.04135579243302345,
0.0828019455075264,
-0.03355741500854492,
0.035123005509376526,
-0.009660095907747746,
0.01393255777657032,
0.014927667565643787,
0.09598927944898605,
-0.010139101184904575,
0.045904114842414856,
0.001380031113512814,
0.01870599575340748,
-0.015529919415712357,
-0.01432736311107874,
-0.01659191958606243,
-0.07544455677270889,
-0.015390918590128422,
-0.013782639056444168,
-0.026121875271201134,
0.12334000319242477,
0.04801858216524124,
-0.026013048365712166,
-0.03023212030529976,
-0.028527766466140747,
0.0280416551977396,
0.027300357818603516,
0.028393350541591644,
-0.014841568656265736,
-0.011281272396445274,
0.01851801946759224,
0.006202084012329578,
0.004290282726287842,
-0.03368622809648514,
-0.025152506306767464,
0.05818654224276543,
0.020120922476053238,
0.027605580165982246,
0.0002774079330265522,
0.050039611756801605,
0.02823054790496826,
0.0347667820751667,
0.01627294160425663,
-0.03651842474937439,
0.03025088645517826,
0.018493318930268288,
0.0378594733774662,
0.016316484659910202,
0.03774998337030411,
-0.13073165714740753,
0.004820543806999922,
-0.07179335504770279,
-0.08014591783285141,
0.00967323500663042,
-0.008002386428415775,
-0.07841198891401291,
-0.008707673288881779,
0.047208063304424286,
-0.0017479773377999663,
0.01052571926265955,
0.058006852865219116,
-0.05949310585856438,
0.07377833873033524,
-0.008791746571660042,
0.034117888659238815,
-0.007848096080124378,
-0.026014601811766624,
-0.0862722098827362,
0.0201896820217371,
0.005375626962631941,
-0.01314927451312542,
-0.08248666673898697,
0.011518624611198902,
-0.00827314518392086,
-0.041347283869981766,
0.01290803961455822,
-0.015962494537234306,
0.014175369404256344,
0.042038459330797195,
0.008078886196017265,
-0.33448296785354614,
0.004044929053634405,
-0.0038693761453032494,
-0.05425633117556572,
-0.010788829065859318,
0.036190204322338104,
-0.013479439541697502,
0.005135007668286562,
0.026605861261487007,
-0.05446222797036171,
0.02552030235528946,
0.06982894986867905,
0.02034248597919941,
0.008515995927155018,
-0.0004267858457751572,
0.06395705044269562,
-0.004499258007854223,
0.027774307876825333,
-0.012036586180329323,
-0.027074791491031647,
-0.0112784868106246,
0.01801563985645771,
0.03660328686237335,
0.09304039925336838,
0.04342830553650856,
-0.0026731924153864384,
0.11952724307775497,
0.03125028312206268,
-0.003786697518080473,
0.04371972382068634,
0.043482981622219086,
0.04997492581605911,
-0.01779993064701557,
-0.0013464451767504215,
-0.030136367306113243,
-0.04896702989935875,
-0.008191864937543869,
-0.023031285032629967,
-0.0436563566327095,
0.032148536294698715,
-0.039583005011081696,
0.018051642924547195,
-0.005650765728205442,
-0.0646447241306305,
-0.0539032518863678,
-0.000541948713362217,
0.014353008009493351,
0.011023640632629395,
-0.018824506551027298,
-0.0324646420776844,
0.0780981108546257,
-0.059678345918655396,
0.007191753480583429,
0.03094087354838848,
-0.011282207444310188,
-0.014001534320414066,
-0.017976291477680206,
0.015691330656409264,
-0.06823010742664337,
0.0019950387068092823,
0.004171849228441715,
-0.010459325276315212,
0.03920237347483635,
-0.026115287095308304,
0.027368934825062752,
0.024368759244680405,
-0.005361731164157391,
-0.006494504399597645,
0.02875620685517788,
-0.009022487327456474,
0.003481821157038212,
0.08810939639806747,
-0.01750205084681511,
-0.024982044473290443,
0.026453884318470955,
0.00038762521580792964,
-0.0517423115670681,
-0.061376459896564484,
-0.02212797850370407,
-0.004839503671973944,
0.05184357240796089,
-0.07720223814249039,
0.07063525170087814,
0.0020496121142059565,
-0.02841355837881565,
0.02489757537841797,
0.02511107362806797,
-0.008527345024049282,
-0.0008540070266462862,
-0.016429031267762184,
0.02544543705880642,
0.015681760385632515,
-0.05751252546906471,
0.0009743281989358366,
0.003092966042459011,
0.008364889770746231,
-0.27687594294548035,
0.03315695747733116,
0.04378936067223549,
0.0195202324539423,
-0.036103636026382446,
0.012657679617404938,
0.047165993601083755,
0.0021354451309889555,
0.03962239250540733,
0.03753466531634331,
0.04745794087648392,
-0.02397632785141468,
0.06538864970207214,
0.0020795196760445833,
-0.016597935929894447,
0.014153352938592434,
0.046543870121240616,
-0.022168537601828575,
0.014609623700380325,
-0.015850728377699852,
0.025524524971842766,
-0.05752118304371834,
0.10590332001447678,
-0.05515582114458084,
0.014443733729422092,
0.017381854355335236,
-0.01854359172284603,
-0.0015324834967032075,
-0.017149487510323524,
0.013315674848854542,
0.0474884919822216,
0.02248622104525566,
0.022488662973046303,
0.011892923153936863,
0.025202935561537743,
-0.02493620663881302,
0.0963168516755104,
-0.018480459228157997,
-0.04113475978374481,
-0.03060145303606987,
-0.019434446468949318,
-0.014851732179522514,
-0.13873761892318726,
-0.065004862844944,
0.04115327447652817,
-0.08462321758270264,
-0.02649856172502041,
-0.05491518974304199,
0.0477672815322876,
0.003730360884219408,
-0.06056038662791252,
-0.017421774566173553,
0.03475888818502426,
0.02811836078763008,
0.005109686404466629,
-0.027835985645651817,
-0.02305651642382145,
-0.0010423230705782771,
0.0018859769916161895,
0.019214024767279625,
0.04362362623214722,
0.012957192026078701,
-0.010017222724854946,
0.08446483314037323,
-0.015971289947628975
] |
PMID:19741
|
A protonmotive force drives bacterial flagella.
|
Streptococcus strain V4051 is motile in the presence of glucose. The cells move steadily along smooth paths (run), jump about briefly with little net displacement (twiddle), and then run in new directions. They stop swimming when deprived of glucose. These cells become motile when an electrical potential or a pH gradient is imposed across the membrane. Starved cells suspended in a potassium-free medium respond to the addition of valinomycin by a brief period of vigorous twiddling. They also twiddle, although less vigorously, when the external pH is lowered. Valinomycin-induced twiddling occurs in the absence of external alkali or alkaline earth cations and without significant net synthesis of ATP. When a chemoattractant is added to cells swimming in the presence of glucose, twiddles are transiently suppressed, and the cells run for a time. Similarly, when starved cells are suspended in a potassium-free medium containing both valinomycin and an attractant, many cells initially run rather than twiddle. We conclude that the flagella are driven by a protonmotive force.
|
A protonmotive force drives bacterial flagella. Streptococcus strain V4051 is motile in the presence of glucose. The cells move steadily along smooth paths (run), jump about briefly with little net displacement (twiddle), and then run in new directions. They stop swimming when deprived of glucose. These cells become motile when an electrical potential or a pH gradient is imposed across the membrane. Starved cells suspended in a potassium-free medium respond to the addition of valinomycin by a brief period of vigorous twiddling. They also twiddle, although less vigorously, when the external pH is lowered. Valinomycin-induced twiddling occurs in the absence of external alkali or alkaline earth cations and without significant net synthesis of ATP. When a chemoattractant is added to cells swimming in the presence of glucose, twiddles are transiently suppressed, and the cells run for a time. Similarly, when starved cells are suspended in a potassium-free medium containing both valinomycin and an attractant, many cells initially run rather than twiddle. We conclude that the flagella are driven by a protonmotive force.
|
[
-0.06206023320555687,
-0.019258026033639908,
-0.023655911907553673,
0.01707068830728531,
-0.010964800603687763,
-0.020294811576604843,
0.031236201524734497,
0.0262649804353714,
0.004626133944839239,
-0.01185523346066475,
0.008357029408216476,
-0.0539117306470871,
0.025131942704319954,
0.00135648506693542,
-0.014413838274776936,
-0.08320457488298416,
-0.013945641927421093,
0.025033626705408096,
-0.042356595396995544,
0.01955728977918625,
0.005606439430266619,
-0.036774974316358566,
-0.013909473083913326,
-0.02908630110323429,
0.03689359501004219,
0.02255675382912159,
0.007962449453771114,
0.045435581356287,
-0.04335031658411026,
-0.21566909551620483,
0.0032192945946007967,
-0.06642424315214157,
-0.04716932028532028,
-0.05361185595393181,
0.010609553195536137,
0.03202550485730171,
-0.04256245493888855,
0.00031589437276124954,
-0.03823305666446686,
0.005759064108133316,
0.002560352673754096,
0.04016393795609474,
0.0003283509868197143,
0.03827405348420143,
-0.033498167991638184,
-0.05470448359847069,
-0.010870330035686493,
-0.02174287848174572,
0.11298193782567978,
-0.013131970539689064,
-0.06446530669927597,
-0.00453347060829401,
0.02973128668963909,
0.021515479311347008,
-0.01676262356340885,
-0.03648184612393379,
-0.025654006749391556,
0.05722889304161072,
0.006969006732106209,
-0.04582756757736206,
0.0830899104475975,
0.04941598325967789,
-0.09009087830781937,
0.015141322277486324,
0.08302426338195801,
-0.001890753279440105,
0.01758749410510063,
0.022058945149183273,
0.029750434681773186,
0.043691497296094894,
-0.051222581416368484,
0.053426992148160934,
-0.034540507942438126,
-0.0023107619490474463,
0.05119992420077324,
-0.03097195364534855,
-0.005205283872783184,
0.03879491984844208,
0.01582878828048706,
-0.02228441648185253,
-0.04874875396490097,
-0.043631747364997864,
0.0033093742094933987,
-0.010466274805366993,
-0.03285643830895424,
-0.015031112357974052,
0.020901191979646683,
-0.052413154393434525,
0.06049551069736481,
0.05861734226346016,
-0.046296633780002594,
-0.04539909213781357,
-0.03520841896533966,
0.002816365798935294,
-0.09102664142847061,
0.016496330499649048,
0.008376249112188816,
-0.008643693290650845,
0.004832746926695108,
0.3927232325077057,
-0.010089888237416744,
0.02201925776898861,
0.03083726577460766,
0.048618316650390625,
-0.004511394537985325,
-0.02113228105008602,
0.03278419002890587,
-0.011868590489029884,
0.0021266972180455923,
0.04497066140174866,
0.06584055721759796,
-0.003971415106207132,
0.056034065783023834,
-0.04450991377234459,
-0.021310072392225266,
-0.018827510997653008,
0.013360951095819473,
-0.002316612983122468,
-0.061153970658779144,
0.016918908804655075,
-0.08098074793815613,
0.008235998451709747,
0.021864749491214752,
-0.011568091809749603,
0.06450159102678299,
0.015104531310498714,
-0.04853377118706703,
0.08913916349411011,
0.05944393202662468,
-0.03361953794956207,
0.028062237426638603,
0.028485529124736786,
-0.017806731164455414,
0.019714798778295517,
0.020832978188991547,
-0.012507427483797073,
-0.026874691247940063,
-0.08871317654848099,
0.012724308297038078,
-0.03662809729576111,
-0.03519510105252266,
-0.04764603450894356,
0.001095511601306498,
-0.12410635501146317,
-0.015748290345072746,
0.09057661890983582,
-0.009798974730074406,
-0.0064421966671943665,
-0.028769364580512047,
0.02090558223426342,
-0.01104740984737873,
0.025624113157391548,
-0.01179001946002245,
-0.015355260111391544,
-0.01136783417314291,
0.03842337056994438,
-0.0017131792847067118,
0.06576905399560928,
0.000718601222615689,
-0.0052315774373710155,
-0.07522642612457275,
-0.012609702534973621,
0.020275084301829338,
0.06717315316200256,
0.04347303509712219,
0.002310649026185274,
-0.002282545669004321,
-0.008962553925812244,
-0.023979654535651207,
-0.013257453218102455,
-0.00822972971946001,
0.024626797065138817,
0.006445275619626045,
-0.07412190735340118,
-0.00043696502689272165,
0.02184762991964817,
-0.04504593089222908,
-0.0028067724779248238,
0.021989962086081505,
-0.0028306266758590937,
0.048026151955127716,
0.026829920709133148,
-0.011707584373652935,
0.02390998601913452,
0.03907027840614319,
0.03500853106379509,
-0.06378635764122009,
-0.03454282134771347,
-0.018188538029789925,
0.03997589275240898,
0.016162537038326263,
-0.05414557084441185,
-0.010014242492616177,
-0.02304292842745781,
-0.03334742411971092,
-0.033510513603687286,
-0.024386057630181313,
0.03128648176789284,
-0.0030093712266534567,
-0.017336342483758926,
0.000155372908920981,
0.008188242092728615,
-0.03284146636724472,
0.03712506219744682,
0.01187552884221077,
-0.02787294052541256,
-0.018238883465528488,
0.037864264100790024,
0.00037978493492119014,
0.026627246290445328,
-0.01623062789440155,
-0.032323118299245834,
-0.05187637358903885,
-0.0172765851020813,
-0.05295880138874054,
0.04014204069972038,
-0.028766676783561707,
0.004039266612380743,
0.03907549008727074,
-0.008815093897283077,
0.0740041434764862,
-0.02862587198615074,
-0.04117746651172638,
-0.3008306622505188,
-0.039977218955755234,
-0.013544287532567978,
0.017206624150276184,
0.08308163285255432,
-0.07194162905216217,
0.019603727385401726,
-0.005808307323604822,
-0.004471535328775644,
-0.12403000146150589,
0.04829692840576172,
0.034491460770368576,
-0.07555966079235077,
-0.034411851316690445,
0.03217087313532829,
-0.014068854041397572,
0.0426151342689991,
0.0038945027627050877,
0.008138202130794525,
0.006823456846177578,
0.049335967749357224,
-0.03452955186367035,
-0.0031421694438904524,
0.05241180583834648,
0.07376306504011154,
-0.008331292308866978,
0.10259042680263519,
0.07380660623311996,
0.06703530251979828,
-0.054696884006261826,
-0.01281795371323824,
0.07962515205144882,
0.0046384441666305065,
-0.06239992380142212,
-0.0067057241685688496,
0.04007766395807266,
0.08433138579130173,
-0.0921957716345787,
0.012040950357913971,
-0.020494604483246803,
-0.06864547729492188,
0.00636775279417634,
-0.05090559646487236,
-0.009062092751264572,
-0.016928382217884064,
-0.007176095154136419,
0.05442142114043236,
0.02199508622288704,
0.02302476204931736,
-0.026896165683865547,
0.03370365872979164,
0.01610621064901352,
0.017792128026485443,
-0.011082750745117664,
0.038142912089824677,
0.010866961441934109,
0.03647499158978462,
-0.035921428352594376,
-0.06403869390487671,
-0.005767151713371277,
-0.04832879826426506,
0.04384284466505051,
0.0392996110022068,
0.02031056210398674,
0.013955987058579922,
0.0061403135769069195,
0.0015393298817798495,
-0.02341795712709427,
0.014648981392383575,
-0.011338440701365471,
0.014563016593456268,
0.11478196084499359,
0.01286786887794733,
0.040269531309604645,
0.02915113978087902,
0.021011261269450188,
-0.0017066492000594735,
-0.03342445567250252,
-0.08481734991073608,
-0.008285901509225368,
0.012712608091533184,
0.02926573157310486,
0.0422159768640995,
-0.04213977977633476,
-0.04193301126360893,
-0.006688808090984821,
0.02107327990233898,
-0.046830929815769196,
0.009087318554520607,
0.0033683960791677237,
0.007016222923994064,
0.0377533920109272,
-0.04450683295726776,
-0.00907502043992281,
0.05611279979348183,
0.06886416673660278,
-0.2892917990684509,
0.024703269824385643,
0.024496562778949738,
0.09195539355278015,
-0.00909525528550148,
0.047351643443107605,
0.05749762803316116,
-0.040888022631406784,
-0.03762582316994667,
0.06623438000679016,
-0.002729699481278658,
-0.014984814450144768,
0.044171012938022614,
0.0707860216498375,
0.03342912346124649,
0.010735487565398216,
0.06426835805177689,
-0.09160169214010239,
0.013201785273849964,
-0.07243074476718903,
0.008498611859977245,
-0.011759364046156406,
0.1402103453874588,
0.028482116758823395,
0.05509611964225769,
0.046752795577049255,
0.005446677096188068,
0.05606810748577118,
0.02538987062871456,
-0.007337219547480345,
-0.006332687567919493,
0.02682359702885151,
0.03433075547218323,
0.016229333356022835,
0.05823840573430061,
-0.003971657250076532,
-0.011067527346313,
-0.0024934581015259027,
-0.026372112333774567,
-0.0035723045002669096,
-0.001471958588808775,
0.049131155014038086,
0.010998950339853764,
-0.03766749054193497,
0.05711095407605171,
-0.06634993851184845,
-0.014791854657232761,
-0.0951758325099945,
0.008122654631733894,
0.0128047876060009,
-0.047090932726860046,
-0.027326729148626328,
0.011265028268098831,
0.017742518335580826,
0.029459966346621513,
0.005132485181093216,
-0.01577366329729557,
-0.054130882024765015,
0.02085917815566063,
0.02243189513683319,
0.05111781880259514,
-0.08598241209983826,
0.017034145072102547,
0.04577932879328728,
0.006273988634347916
] |
PMID:19742
|
Electrical stimulation of preganglionic nerve increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic ganglia.
|
The effect of synaptic stimulation on tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase: L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] activity in the rat superior cervical ganglion was studied. The preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was stimulated unilaterally at 10 Hz for 30 min. Forty-eight hours later tyrosine hydroxylase activity was 33% higher on the stimulated than on the control side. The enzyme activity restimulated than on the control side. The enzyme activity remained elevated in the stimulated ganglia for 2 days. No change was observed in total ganglion protein. Comparable increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were observed in anesthetized and conscious animals.
|
Electrical stimulation of preganglionic nerve increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic ganglia. The effect of synaptic stimulation on tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase: L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] activity in the rat superior cervical ganglion was studied. The preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was stimulated unilaterally at 10 Hz for 30 min. Forty-eight hours later tyrosine hydroxylase activity was 33% higher on the stimulated than on the control side. The enzyme activity restimulated than on the control side. The enzyme activity remained elevated in the stimulated ganglia for 2 days. No change was observed in total ganglion protein. Comparable increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were observed in anesthetized and conscious animals.
|
[
-0.013484716415405273,
0.020855214446783066,
-0.0170335341244936,
0.026634031906723976,
-0.041426289826631546,
-0.003948299214243889,
0.04016171768307686,
-0.006843065842986107,
0.03490465506911278,
-0.046174027025699615,
0.03578614816069603,
-0.0452425479888916,
-0.04033540189266205,
0.011642455123364925,
-0.0346868559718132,
-0.04996032267808914,
0.02136818878352642,
-0.006273516919463873,
-0.02974058873951435,
-0.06151539832353592,
-0.042871396988630295,
0.006500731687992811,
0.03241459280252457,
-0.04525166004896164,
0.06284469366073608,
-0.025137437507510185,
-0.015361467376351357,
0.02234576642513275,
-0.0410812571644783,
-0.16261515021324158,
0.034440040588378906,
-0.05162995308637619,
0.0005521507700905204,
-0.04831370338797569,
0.006234149914234877,
-0.004863410722464323,
-0.05633167177438736,
-0.01853673718869686,
-0.039253219962120056,
-0.005630307365208864,
0.044642139226198196,
0.031200341880321503,
-0.00025451145484112203,
0.041567590087652206,
-0.05760325863957405,
-0.03793707117438316,
-0.05451194941997528,
-0.023962579667568207,
0.06914415955543518,
-0.07308366149663925,
0.03594473749399185,
-0.00825929269194603,
0.029290398582816124,
0.05819164216518402,
0.0471494123339653,
-0.024674508720636368,
-0.0038001821376383305,
0.05454501137137413,
-0.035451631993055344,
0.014272552914917469,
0.008384567685425282,
0.05989593267440796,
-0.16565057635307312,
0.07491675764322281,
0.07625887542963028,
-0.008530746214091778,
0.0028951915446668863,
-0.019964950159192085,
0.07452438026666641,
0.039999835193157196,
-0.05973287299275398,
0.07550907135009766,
0.0075974240899086,
-0.04280523210763931,
0.005851534195244312,
0.007601186633110046,
-0.04577312618494034,
-0.010790306143462658,
0.025725554674863815,
0.004625695291906595,
0.05080442875623703,
-0.01347457617521286,
0.03439388424158096,
-0.026429910212755203,
0.03425802290439606,
0.012937883846461773,
0.027417542412877083,
-0.004608050920069218,
-0.053733181208372116,
-0.00894574262201786,
-0.046032410115003586,
-0.06330622732639313,
0.013116595335304737,
-0.006206267047673464,
0.003149345749989152,
0.07096568495035172,
0.03462402895092964,
0.027138011530041695,
-0.07719182223081589,
0.3156660795211792,
-0.060825567692518234,
-0.006538280751556158,
-0.06440551578998566,
0.00028121695504523814,
-0.035584673285484314,
0.0011057172669097781,
-0.002688320819288492,
0.026191815733909607,
-0.06412442028522491,
0.0230075903236866,
0.04026708006858826,
-0.021353112533688545,
0.0057802964001894,
-0.02225598692893982,
-0.10807932168245316,
0.035637032240629196,
0.02016422525048256,
0.004378756042569876,
0.03916449099779129,
0.04479556903243065,
-0.04671972617506981,
0.05985215678811073,
0.02853759191930294,
-0.005612819455564022,
0.03177661448717117,
-0.009871399961411953,
-0.04733432084321976,
0.09444007277488708,
0.0579921193420887,
0.012528102844953537,
0.017199093475937843,
0.024498222395777702,
-0.05427001789212227,
0.021923312917351723,
0.03492162749171257,
0.01692180708050728,
0.06395121663808823,
-0.05724290385842323,
0.01500710379332304,
-0.04471346735954285,
0.028721986338496208,
-0.040116533637046814,
0.013481034897267818,
-0.07549938559532166,
-0.05937772989273071,
0.12989288568496704,
0.03259957581758499,
-0.06374840438365936,
-0.006035757716745138,
0.00869277585297823,
0.014667516574263573,
0.06036525219678879,
-0.03187176585197449,
0.058495327830314636,
-0.0040449523366987705,
0.06139330193400383,
-0.0156872421503067,
0.01972036622464657,
0.007599573116749525,
-0.03966957703232765,
-0.062208596616983414,
0.01054379902780056,
-0.019943492487072945,
0.044964127242565155,
0.08348485082387924,
-0.02898290753364563,
-0.061490681022405624,
0.07713042199611664,
0.00023700798919890076,
-0.008768961764872074,
-0.00882132537662983,
0.016365470364689827,
-0.014426670037209988,
-0.04893049597740173,
-0.05728116258978844,
-0.03185286745429039,
0.027129964902997017,
0.018805332481861115,
0.04783177003264427,
-0.010470179840922356,
0.06935620307922363,
-0.055665623396635056,
-0.004657093435525894,
0.008164510130882263,
-0.007072035688906908,
0.017142724245786667,
-0.024114536121487617,
0.028468940407037735,
0.018314529210329056,
0.006361130625009537,
-0.022983906790614128,
-0.015346718952059746,
-0.07273804396390915,
-0.05023986101150513,
-0.01378393080085516,
-0.0045581175945699215,
-0.0075492518953979015,
0.02933155931532383,
0.0033476604148745537,
0.030948949977755547,
0.05812288075685501,
-0.0017238968284800649,
-0.0013208667514845729,
0.05570177733898163,
0.0037847834173589945,
0.045012883841991425,
-0.04039457440376282,
0.03126639127731323,
0.013317502103745937,
-0.007774699945002794,
0.006800411269068718,
0.010217525996267796,
0.08423428237438202,
0.016525620594620705,
-0.06514843553304672,
0.041867807507514954,
-0.02555633708834648,
0.010123957879841328,
0.04267904534935951,
-0.0345766618847847,
0.030572235584259033,
-0.1005387082695961,
-0.012826025485992432,
-0.27658942341804504,
-0.06351461261510849,
-0.01557846274226904,
-0.03571297973394394,
0.012842639349400997,
-0.0688217431306839,
0.0722750648856163,
-0.06887505948543549,
0.013130049221217632,
-0.09104743599891663,
0.06692611426115036,
0.08005888015031815,
-0.01798495277762413,
-0.07085778564214706,
0.031050100922584534,
0.08776459097862244,
0.05870968475937843,
-0.05123927444219589,
0.04095747694373131,
0.017150240018963814,
0.06167423725128174,
0.017329702153801918,
0.034796055406332016,
-0.007789956871420145,
0.03943078964948654,
-0.0805240049958229,
0.0730806440114975,
0.0017414261819794774,
0.02146950736641884,
-0.03955373167991638,
0.04411344602704048,
0.06157250329852104,
-0.029175642877817154,
-0.13111238181591034,
-0.010212854482233524,
-0.050585534423589706,
0.04570198431611061,
0.026658575981855392,
-0.036829810589551926,
-0.01252688653767109,
-0.04648221284151077,
0.03127602860331535,
0.011764368042349815,
-0.026644593104720116,
-0.04582543671131134,
-0.026470595970749855,
0.09631739556789398,
-0.05962979421019554,
-0.036151252686977386,
-0.011763099581003189,
0.0778622105717659,
-0.04565436393022537,
-0.009501932188868523,
0.007952439598739147,
0.021565023809671402,
-0.03300761803984642,
-0.06238408014178276,
-0.013045313768088818,
-0.06615874916315079,
-0.02725248597562313,
0.019581066444516182,
-0.0027394192293286324,
-0.0092924227938056,
-0.042576830834150314,
0.003381601767614484,
0.08206824958324432,
0.00017470913007855415,
-0.008892226032912731,
0.07114458084106445,
0.044280290603637695,
-0.02803974784910679,
0.08151933550834656,
0.0034641202073544264,
0.04952124133706093,
0.03973153606057167,
-0.06331867724657059,
-0.031131450086832047,
-0.03901955857872963,
-0.05366101115942001,
0.0748291015625,
-0.06744188815355301,
-0.03879084065556526,
0.003099594498053193,
0.012994726188480854,
-0.04750305414199829,
-0.023945607244968414,
0.0533074326813221,
-0.004894399084150791,
0.03075909987092018,
0.010691202245652676,
0.036371082067489624,
0.01011608261615038,
0.0027880617417395115,
-0.00075318239396438,
0.06084730476140976,
0.037312399595975876,
-0.25824734568595886,
-0.010715816169977188,
0.05264456197619438,
-0.03919600322842598,
-0.02538674883544445,
0.04428901523351669,
-0.002621773164719343,
-0.06974533200263977,
-0.06460196524858475,
0.07712645828723907,
-0.005594002082943916,
0.03513677418231964,
0.05932110920548439,
0.08796421438455582,
-0.030123189091682434,
-0.0031957938335835934,
0.0421929657459259,
0.012153875082731247,
0.039528537541627884,
-0.06186269223690033,
0.005653569009155035,
-0.058683108538389206,
0.11795084178447723,
0.03321751207113266,
0.012515386566519737,
0.041167352348566055,
0.015309109352529049,
-0.01722193881869316,
0.0008884206763468683,
-0.01116364635527134,
-0.0073389955796301365,
-0.007511858828365803,
0.06601246446371078,
0.01288031879812479,
0.07861392945051193,
0.04628109559416771,
-0.044463030993938446,
0.009194913320243359,
0.035704806447029114,
0.015592732466757298,
-0.025361567735671997,
0.058288294821977615,
-0.050533246248960495,
-0.03419880568981171,
0.08911030739545822,
-0.041678108274936676,
-0.001667913980782032,
-0.01646571047604084,
-0.0066597298718988895,
0.021868018433451653,
0.02392963506281376,
-0.04889879375696182,
-0.014081803150475025,
0.058747872710227966,
0.021334465593099594,
0.034680794924497604,
-0.05258197337388992,
-0.0022710836492478848,
-0.0011863497784361243,
0.03748095780611038,
-0.029208432883024216,
-0.09664135426282883,
-0.01961529068648815,
0.05138783901929855,
0.020984644070267677
] |
PMID:19771
|
Some characteristics of amnesia induced by FLA-63 an inhibitor of dopamine beta hydroxylase.
|
The amnesic effects of FLA-63, a potent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, were investigated in a food motivated spatial discrimination task. Groups of C57BL/6J mice were injected with either 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg or physiological saline 4 hr prior to training. Amnesia was observed 24 hr following training at all dose levels except 5 mg/kh. The performance deficit was specific to memory of the discrimination and not the result of state-dependency. Training conditions which produce an increase in habit strength prevented the amnestic effects of FLS-63. Spontaneous recovery of memory occurred 48 hr following drug administration. Recovery from amnesia was also induced by injections of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, administered 2 hr prior to the retention test. These data suggest that amnesia induced by norpinephrine (NE) depletion is the result of impairment of mechanisms necessary for memory retrieval.
|
Some characteristics of amnesia induced by FLA-63 an inhibitor of dopamine beta hydroxylase. The amnesic effects of FLA-63, a potent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, were investigated in a food motivated spatial discrimination task. Groups of C57BL/6J mice were injected with either 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg or physiological saline 4 hr prior to training. Amnesia was observed 24 hr following training at all dose levels except 5 mg/kh. The performance deficit was specific to memory of the discrimination and not the result of state-dependency. Training conditions which produce an increase in habit strength prevented the amnestic effects of FLS-63. Spontaneous recovery of memory occurred 48 hr following drug administration. Recovery from amnesia was also induced by injections of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, administered 2 hr prior to the retention test. These data suggest that amnesia induced by norpinephrine (NE) depletion is the result of impairment of mechanisms necessary for memory retrieval.
|
[
-0.052373647689819336,
-0.008493916131556034,
-0.03196600452065468,
0.0465584471821785,
-0.04239974543452263,
0.05013745650649071,
0.04430233687162399,
0.022122761234641075,
-0.0215409304946661,
-0.056719470769166946,
-0.011041133664548397,
0.012798874638974667,
0.01567159593105316,
0.08593645691871643,
-0.05888461321592331,
0.004117188043892384,
0.02755681611597538,
0.013225163333117962,
-0.02536996267735958,
-0.026691310107707977,
-0.04074200615286827,
0.013362057507038116,
-0.00688906479626894,
0.012233568355441093,
-0.046580903232097626,
0.016161421313881874,
-0.01950090192258358,
-0.00006855781975900754,
-0.08117489516735077,
-0.19829992949962616,
0.028125012293457985,
0.019749091938138008,
0.04294418916106224,
-0.09860225021839142,
-0.023908665403723717,
0.034945834428071976,
-0.0541846789419651,
0.04850250110030174,
0.013494512997567654,
0.0381377711892128,
0.03775487095117569,
0.03633790835738182,
-0.041235655546188354,
0.0033873419743031263,
-0.008824045769870281,
0.00305688614025712,
-0.020623449236154556,
-0.04808995500206947,
0.09008894860744476,
-0.0943719893693924,
0.019790668040513992,
-0.004017379600554705,
0.041923414915800095,
0.020699283108115196,
0.026256978511810303,
0.052115947008132935,
-0.024246370419859886,
0.07542413473129272,
-0.023720474913716316,
0.05173186585307121,
0.0467352494597435,
0.05203346535563469,
-0.1575257033109665,
0.030087275430560112,
0.030283363536000252,
0.0045632412657141685,
-0.06192484498023987,
-0.056657034903764725,
0.12285716831684113,
0.04308897256851196,
-0.08248668909072876,
0.04185999557375908,
-0.02196902222931385,
-0.007256073411554098,
0.027598176151514053,
0.009361974895000458,
-0.035562630742788315,
-0.00026488452567718923,
0.011253776960074902,
-0.02081684209406376,
0.04561907425522804,
0.011587031185626984,
0.016931036487221718,
-0.04684644564986229,
0.03266109898686409,
-0.01942211203277111,
0.016132067888975143,
-0.02636902593076229,
-0.005621375981718302,
0.03112737275660038,
-0.018383927643299103,
0.002872335957363248,
0.04991849511861801,
-0.009205774404108524,
-0.02037607878446579,
0.03235149756073952,
0.04012976586818695,
0.024132082238793373,
-0.04673735052347183,
0.3635427951812744,
0.006869278382509947,
0.04144502431154251,
-0.07913535833358765,
-0.05371655896306038,
-0.016676848754286766,
-0.06477615237236023,
0.013094603084027767,
-0.011001699604094028,
0.004272711928933859,
-0.019167842343449593,
0.06373801827430725,
0.01903572306036949,
0.056273482739925385,
-0.030013326555490494,
0.03378795459866524,
-0.003044861601665616,
0.05672110617160797,
0.03565171733498573,
-0.027063313871622086,
0.02696743793785572,
-0.01558894943445921,
-0.002368590561673045,
0.05083269253373146,
0.02422235533595085,
-0.015046704560518265,
-0.025828639045357704,
-0.04436151310801506,
0.1013040691614151,
0.022002367302775383,
-0.028617853298783302,
0.004881707951426506,
0.00701700197532773,
0.021787123754620552,
0.023722738027572632,
0.005515018478035927,
0.0523783378303051,
0.07989779114723206,
-0.03903323784470558,
-0.002895815297961235,
-0.00989825464785099,
0.017264289781451225,
0.01021575927734375,
0.014029104262590408,
-0.043610792607069016,
-0.09246663004159927,
0.09862183779478073,
0.020208586007356644,
-0.032854266464710236,
-0.006378159858286381,
0.05607431009411812,
-0.01650363579392433,
0.030561348423361778,
-0.06952660530805588,
0.07248435169458389,
-0.04283019155263901,
0.017305418848991394,
-0.037641264498233795,
0.01952527090907097,
-0.020443014800548553,
-0.002285362919792533,
-0.10051394253969193,
-0.04215407744050026,
-0.018918052315711975,
0.050873469561338425,
0.015212289988994598,
0.02576364390552044,
-0.07138624042272568,
-0.012937149964272976,
0.0030443156138062477,
0.005805582739412785,
-0.0052491603419184685,
-0.021449431777000427,
-0.04253435507416725,
-0.03049510344862938,
-0.06331796944141388,
-0.050807274878025055,
0.030421700328588486,
0.03674399107694626,
0.013914017006754875,
-0.05187045782804489,
-0.014603222720324993,
-0.0539814718067646,
-0.0076151639223098755,
-0.024203114211559296,
0.03012477606534958,
-0.01500812079757452,
0.0032813267316669226,
0.02500581182539463,
0.04915571212768555,
0.01611141487956047,
-0.03309597447514534,
0.010627423413097858,
-0.05010928586125374,
-0.05766879394650459,
-0.013531832955777645,
-0.02850157581269741,
-0.017186416313052177,
0.028489653021097183,
0.02487526461482048,
0.0035238126292824745,
0.07304631173610687,
0.022868629544973373,
-0.012535146437585354,
0.010932547971606255,
0.04923924058675766,
0.0716039165854454,
0.014395616017282009,
-0.028783690184354782,
0.049901217222213745,
-0.019427143037319183,
-0.045328013598918915,
-0.00029472322785295546,
0.037375833839178085,
0.025434959679841995,
-0.04519272595643997,
0.04918566718697548,
-0.03239733353257179,
-0.001967621734365821,
0.003455117344856262,
-0.014173009432852268,
0.0760548934340477,
-0.03886059671640396,
-0.004614680539816618,
-0.31828755140304565,
-0.059963297098875046,
0.008983379229903221,
-0.02126675471663475,
0.02687707170844078,
-0.04927488788962364,
0.04297967627644539,
-0.01774749532341957,
0.02792753092944622,
-0.012172584421932697,
-0.03208358958363533,
0.010543356649577618,
-0.019319724291563034,
-0.021531008183956146,
-0.027627838775515556,
0.015968549996614456,
0.03240880370140076,
-0.02758721262216568,
0.004566796589642763,
0.010010036639869213,
-0.0027679468039423227,
0.0124386390671134,
0.026724684983491898,
-0.009464050643146038,
0.024709856137633324,
-0.024496551603078842,
0.1167801022529602,
0.017589855939149857,
-0.021980667486786842,
-0.03867662698030472,
0.016216685995459557,
0.07799170911312103,
-0.024799291044473648,
-0.1062486320734024,
0.02221561409533024,
-0.0786731094121933,
-0.014556601643562317,
-0.008002673275768757,
-0.0077871461398899555,
-0.028577350080013275,
-0.03391862288117409,
0.00735982321202755,
0.06164040043950081,
-0.07061818242073059,
-0.05261935666203499,
-0.03824421390891075,
0.0106198163703084,
-0.030564814805984497,
-0.013254634104669094,
0.007010592147707939,
0.023548750206828117,
0.01741200126707554,
0.02194831520318985,
0.003987225703895092,
0.025852009654045105,
0.01692979224026203,
-0.0915675014257431,
-0.0002689379616640508,
-0.11461028456687927,
-0.026420382782816887,
0.008590969257056713,
-0.020142504945397377,
0.0253092423081398,
-0.018729768693447113,
0.018975650891661644,
0.025212053209543228,
0.03187171369791031,
-0.015301682986319065,
0.05463400483131409,
0.030723778530955315,
0.004947488661855459,
0.11565042287111282,
0.008463682606816292,
-0.0018289309227839112,
0.06200828403234482,
-0.031186942011117935,
-0.02051388844847679,
-0.07946857064962387,
-0.06752931326627731,
0.011306852102279663,
-0.0521976500749588,
-0.01502530463039875,
0.024630652740597725,
0.035389337688684464,
-0.019414860755205154,
-0.02347533404827118,
0.09339266270399094,
0.0009703486575745046,
0.06522028148174286,
-0.0017400403739884496,
-0.015219008550047874,
0.020879695191979408,
0.009430622681975365,
-0.0749308168888092,
0.021384429186582565,
0.03455868735909462,
-0.2826968729496002,
0.002861421089619398,
0.030868832021951675,
0.021655483171343803,
0.08213537931442261,
0.02733612433075905,
0.015978947281837463,
-0.03441930562257767,
-0.02861464023590088,
0.002736140973865986,
-0.027642909437417984,
0.01296768244355917,
0.058272283524274826,
0.05557748302817345,
-0.0046118865720927715,
-0.06576794385910034,
0.0382201187312603,
0.04684488847851753,
0.018199490383267403,
-0.05028342455625534,
-0.020987721160054207,
0.0270175002515316,
0.1264605075120926,
0.0036969445645809174,
-0.01748780719935894,
-0.004997527226805687,
0.0639662966132164,
0.012582764960825443,
-0.014621110633015633,
0.04181027039885521,
-0.03396217152476311,
-0.01277058757841587,
0.10806382447481155,
-0.021797016263008118,
0.029974741861224174,
0.0462527759373188,
-0.0644301027059555,
0.05109260603785515,
-0.005851572845131159,
0.018039321526885033,
-0.01259919535368681,
-0.013613586314022541,
-0.0518108606338501,
0.006050539668649435,
0.08092410862445831,
-0.0240632276982069,
0.005465757567435503,
-0.04060298204421997,
-0.05869406834244728,
-0.02326735481619835,
0.0028249425813555717,
-0.03388916701078415,
0.05000578984618187,
0.009790554642677307,
-0.015952982008457184,
0.016217760741710663,
0.014570019207894802,
0.004231160040944815,
0.011208216659724712,
0.008375653997063637,
-0.03886811062693596,
0.02215048484504223,
0.007921422831714153,
0.07361407577991486,
0.023733872920274734
] |
PMID:19772
|
Use of DRL in differentiating anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties of CNS drugs.
|
Presented in this paper are the effects of chlorpromazine, clozapine, d-amphetamine and diazepam on DRL behavior in rats. D-Amphetamine and diazepam, which showed similar effects on response errors, could be identified on the basis of burst responding and drug interaction. Clozapine, a new antipsychotic agent which does not cause extrapyramidal side effect in man affected DRL behavior in the same way as did chlorpromazine. Thus, DRL schedules are probably not useful in differentiating various neuroleptic agents.
|
Use of DRL in differentiating anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties of CNS drugs. Presented in this paper are the effects of chlorpromazine, clozapine, d-amphetamine and diazepam on DRL behavior in rats. D-Amphetamine and diazepam, which showed similar effects on response errors, could be identified on the basis of burst responding and drug interaction. Clozapine, a new antipsychotic agent which does not cause extrapyramidal side effect in man affected DRL behavior in the same way as did chlorpromazine. Thus, DRL schedules are probably not useful in differentiating various neuroleptic agents.
|
[
-0.11399441957473755,
0.034019630402326584,
0.04475199431180954,
0.021567339077591896,
-0.017730901017785072,
0.06001262366771698,
0.07010552287101746,
0.01562967151403427,
-0.04832782596349716,
-0.11690427362918854,
0.016416074708104134,
0.047114256769418716,
-0.017474161460995674,
0.05065147951245308,
-0.005079180933535099,
-0.00570980180054903,
0.01992827281355858,
-0.040455348789691925,
-0.0701642706990242,
-0.038932282477617264,
-0.017467975616455078,
0.012331437319517136,
0.02631579339504242,
0.049414023756980896,
-0.015434500761330128,
-0.02060503512620926,
-0.015827244147658348,
-0.013372225686907768,
-0.014423364773392677,
-0.17487159371376038,
0.07746205478906631,
0.044238779693841934,
-0.05405283346772194,
-0.06609512120485306,
-0.030917562544345856,
-0.0057488009333610535,
-0.00752228731289506,
0.06856156140565872,
-0.025843357667326927,
-0.0019077389733865857,
0.03445069491863251,
0.01846001110970974,
0.03610879182815552,
-0.03808913752436638,
-0.013834347017109394,
-0.002434076275676489,
-0.019335497170686722,
-0.009213998913764954,
0.0922890305519104,
-0.03147846832871437,
0.046524181962013245,
-0.02846122719347477,
0.02355792187154293,
0.021882370114326477,
0.008016614243388176,
-0.0071533494628965855,
-0.011579282581806183,
0.01525918673723936,
-0.03901650384068489,
0.011220477521419525,
-0.0034050331450998783,
0.03132401406764984,
-0.1276901215314865,
0.0170315969735384,
0.0200431440025568,
0.001803101971745491,
-0.013140024617314339,
-0.03973612189292908,
0.04228707030415535,
0.056809619069099426,
-0.025504903867840767,
-0.03480353578925133,
-0.022976858541369438,
0.026613444089889526,
0.013513658195734024,
-0.08310051262378693,
-0.01518956571817398,
-0.07297564297914505,
-0.020886307582259178,
-0.012188234366476536,
0.048381783068180084,
-0.005469833966344595,
-0.0029892658349126577,
-0.09603419899940491,
0.011440418660640717,
0.01390020176768303,
-0.0015945086488500237,
-0.0020758225582540035,
0.00154357950668782,
-0.027291158214211464,
0.04900643229484558,
-0.007715038955211639,
0.0373731330037117,
-0.05843357741832733,
-0.04396408796310425,
0.036537427455186844,
0.017873717471957207,
-0.07463813573122025,
0.014020280912518501,
0.37185609340667725,
0.018432775512337685,
0.024351710453629494,
-0.017586270347237587,
-0.010512174107134342,
-0.0013121452648192644,
-0.02006489410996437,
0.025673480704426765,
-0.008236353285610676,
-0.04062746837735176,
0.043459054082632065,
0.047377731651067734,
0.01189862098544836,
0.06054152548313141,
-0.01705283299088478,
-0.01971532590687275,
-0.012936726212501526,
0.05850551649928093,
-0.029987508431077003,
0.019101582467556,
0.031517550349235535,
-0.00048560890718363225,
-0.03924282267689705,
0.013431204482913017,
-0.01322454959154129,
0.07023840397596359,
-0.002180654089897871,
-0.05113374441862106,
0.0820375382900238,
-0.022051993757486343,
0.02395687811076641,
0.026255173608660698,
-0.03835107758641243,
0.0316023975610733,
0.032832495868206024,
0.05153004825115204,
-0.0005604193429462612,
0.012024203315377235,
-0.021285707131028175,
0.07577894628047943,
0.024339955300092697,
0.0012423424050211906,
0.03765808045864105,
0.007345741614699364,
-0.0384935587644577,
-0.025030290707945824,
0.04063411056995392,
0.01996017061173916,
-0.053773440420627594,
-0.03968273103237152,
0.049609169363975525,
-0.013806595467031002,
0.06497333198785782,
-0.045929379761219025,
0.0620047003030777,
-0.05405174940824509,
0.06153131276369095,
0.03342210128903389,
-0.0030985460616648197,
-0.007650467567145824,
0.030014319345355034,
-0.053803056478500366,
-0.03371685743331909,
0.040386099368333817,
0.14982153475284576,
-0.03648974001407623,
0.05887014791369438,
-0.039070479571819305,
-0.05180904641747475,
-0.06322051584720612,
-0.002653589705005288,
-0.033644355833530426,
0.012307599186897278,
-0.06680377572774887,
-0.0318581648170948,
-0.12463334202766418,
-0.025144942104816437,
0.0029873724561184645,
0.029036326333880424,
-0.005417634733021259,
-0.005112072452902794,
-0.015100006014108658,
-0.01535484567284584,
-0.04009946435689926,
0.0010881234193220735,
0.02897949144244194,
0.025916961953043938,
-0.039343368262052536,
0.004511449486017227,
0.06673459708690643,
0.03663542494177818,
-0.02611607499420643,
0.010781352408230305,
-0.057454224675893784,
-0.002411929424852133,
-0.043223440647125244,
-0.019503576681017876,
-0.048200543969869614,
0.001097911037504673,
-0.06508409976959229,
-0.0003561966004781425,
0.07143252342939377,
0.08818694949150085,
0.002405684906989336,
0.05707623437047005,
0.029538393020629883,
0.057097457349300385,
-0.005373845808207989,
-0.052576590329408646,
0.0663846880197525,
-0.01938522793352604,
-0.05052828788757324,
0.005001117009669542,
0.018327156081795692,
-0.0304460059851408,
-0.017440488561987877,
0.10379518568515778,
-0.04171192646026611,
0.04813048988580704,
0.04806045442819595,
0.04162327200174332,
0.006030422169715166,
0.013313229195773602,
0.0034745715092867613,
-0.2815287411212921,
-0.015571216121315956,
-0.0014227909268811345,
-0.039188139140605927,
0.054062940180301666,
-0.022365272045135498,
0.013872398994863033,
-0.03181460127234459,
-0.04117831960320473,
0.000021019004634581506,
0.008995559997856617,
0.02980232797563076,
-0.06722240149974823,
-0.025585724040865898,
0.026845647022128105,
0.045575570315122604,
0.031180012971162796,
-0.034097447991371155,
-0.030105192214250565,
-0.01394901517778635,
-0.005927314516156912,
-0.029161127284169197,
-0.0007577135693281889,
-0.0016671469202265143,
0.04690195620059967,
-0.0014477516524493694,
0.1199502944946289,
0.010949844494462013,
-0.012473059818148613,
0.0011068445164710283,
-0.04164454713463783,
0.021675551310181618,
-0.04358312860131264,
-0.12327594310045242,
0.030524706467986107,
-0.0075468095019459724,
0.022788958624005318,
-0.004344366956502199,
0.016527444124221802,
-0.03789116069674492,
-0.053575266152620316,
0.035148896276950836,
0.006921137683093548,
-0.03874960169196129,
-0.11341089755296707,
0.019631626084446907,
-0.02236020565032959,
0.02411356382071972,
-0.027094589546322823,
-0.002102362457662821,
-0.06230033561587334,
0.0501178614795208,
0.015730105340480804,
0.006908129900693893,
0.02994847297668457,
-0.006406803615391254,
-0.07906753569841385,
-0.04080204665660858,
-0.03609922528266907,
-0.05515245348215103,
0.05547204241156578,
0.03955661877989769,
0.04607545584440231,
-0.06754367798566818,
-0.04416856914758682,
-0.010956212878227234,
-0.014542468823492527,
-0.020007876679301262,
0.023077400401234627,
0.04999448359012604,
0.010291598737239838,
0.14556632936000824,
-0.031315967440605164,
0.030676549300551414,
0.1035350039601326,
0.025272201746702194,
-0.06456367671489716,
-0.02775597758591175,
-0.06620103865861893,
0.04996113479137421,
-0.007223555352538824,
-0.0034060408361256123,
0.028232431039214134,
0.04683705419301987,
-0.01414992194622755,
-0.07377240806818008,
-0.03228200227022171,
-0.00026312185218557715,
0.04188466817140579,
-0.012778234668076038,
0.024777105078101158,
-0.012955627404153347,
0.011827271431684494,
-0.059362877160310745,
0.03434647619724274,
0.05902761593461037,
-0.26582521200180054,
0.040385328233242035,
0.011889830231666565,
0.035498183220624924,
0.018281694501638412,
0.01416922640055418,
0.0054246168583631516,
-0.004063213709741831,
-0.03160075098276138,
-0.04329849034547806,
0.010704838670790195,
-0.00454113120213151,
0.03247028961777687,
0.0048549058847129345,
-0.019986137747764587,
0.0365716852247715,
0.07601742446422577,
-0.009055347181856632,
0.0168879646807909,
0.057066336274147034,
0.03500518947839737,
0.03133777529001236,
0.12876130640506744,
0.05287148803472519,
0.042467858642339706,
0.041160907596349716,
0.016315488144755363,
-0.015325084328651428,
-0.03785659745335579,
0.05148536339402199,
-0.012702531181275845,
0.007277538999915123,
0.054012320935726166,
-0.022431643679738045,
0.05302189290523529,
0.010154088959097862,
-0.08788403868675232,
-0.008145097643136978,
0.03473087027668953,
0.005444727838039398,
0.014572576619684696,
0.05289109796285629,
-0.06937927007675171,
0.04396113008260727,
0.10204226523637772,
-0.03598684445023537,
-0.017333488911390305,
-0.05280779302120209,
0.010746913962066174,
0.00966484285891056,
-0.035727888345718384,
-0.02992691472172737,
-0.04334582760930061,
0.03475222364068031,
-0.008011988364160061,
-0.010358366183936596,
0.03227591514587402,
0.0247401874512434,
0.012758207507431507,
-0.066993847489357,
0.0003695455379784107,
-0.009287959896028042,
-0.00011064097634516656,
0.0015096336137503386,
0.02742646634578705
] |
PMID:19784
|
Plasticity in mammalian skeletal muscle.
|
While it has been recognized for many years that different limb muscles belonging to the same mammal may have markedly differing contractile characteristics, it is only comparatively recently that it has been demonstrated that these differences depend upon the motor innervation. By appropriately changing the peripheral nerve innervating a mammalian skeletal muscle, it is possible to change dramatically the contractile behaviour of the reinnervated muscle. The manner by which the motor innervation determines the nature of a muscle fibre's contractile machinery is not completely understood, but it appears that the number and pattern of motor nerve impulses reaching the muscle play an important role. The biochemical changes occurring within muscle fibres whose contractile properties have been modified by altered motor innervation include the synthesis of different contractile proteins.
|
Plasticity in mammalian skeletal muscle. While it has been recognized for many years that different limb muscles belonging to the same mammal may have markedly differing contractile characteristics, it is only comparatively recently that it has been demonstrated that these differences depend upon the motor innervation. By appropriately changing the peripheral nerve innervating a mammalian skeletal muscle, it is possible to change dramatically the contractile behaviour of the reinnervated muscle. The manner by which the motor innervation determines the nature of a muscle fibre's contractile machinery is not completely understood, but it appears that the number and pattern of motor nerve impulses reaching the muscle play an important role. The biochemical changes occurring within muscle fibres whose contractile properties have been modified by altered motor innervation include the synthesis of different contractile proteins.
|
[
-0.019432367756962776,
-0.026147764176130295,
0.0750652551651001,
-0.010474896989762783,
0.005292838905006647,
0.011663412675261497,
0.1077176034450531,
-0.0036254890728741884,
0.018117858096957207,
-0.00854527484625578,
0.00380121311172843,
-0.03910978138446808,
-0.03960372135043144,
0.03473773971199989,
0.012994039803743362,
-0.03916432335972786,
-0.017903514206409454,
0.038616474717855453,
-0.08810793608427048,
-0.010162136517465115,
-0.027107208967208862,
-0.0077316900715231895,
0.03996282070875168,
-0.01582038588821888,
0.033662810921669006,
-0.008436041884124279,
0.03993174061179161,
0.08867338299751282,
-0.028305718675255775,
-0.2023894190788269,
0.011416020803153515,
-0.01513690035790205,
-0.03220541775226593,
-0.029972480610013008,
-0.010014403611421585,
0.008226410485804081,
-0.03699130564928055,
-0.008809108287096024,
0.004353594500571489,
0.09180834889411926,
0.03713003545999527,
0.012420729734003544,
0.014076244086027145,
-0.025501180440187454,
0.045802582055330276,
0.004037831909954548,
0.046745263040065765,
-0.05405699089169502,
0.03571055084466934,
0.02020099014043808,
-0.0422573983669281,
-0.054611776024103165,
0.028725847601890564,
0.06793253868818283,
0.055267348885536194,
-0.015827275812625885,
0.04925449937582016,
0.07806366682052612,
0.032611556351184845,
-0.00006378172110999003,
0.02900097519159317,
0.11962774395942688,
-0.11865063011646271,
0.028279535472393036,
0.051859159022569656,
0.004129051696509123,
0.030429741367697716,
-0.010390769690275192,
0.00019150847219862044,
0.03392171487212181,
-0.06199635565280914,
0.06856106221675873,
-0.0014730304246768355,
-0.01459838543087244,
0.03973584622144699,
-0.05974183604121208,
-0.028504136949777603,
0.07288381457328796,
0.0337722972035408,
0.040345173329114914,
0.0105371605604887,
-0.05421292036771774,
-0.004854412749409676,
-0.11036613583564758,
-0.04360348731279373,
0.013492412865161896,
0.021218502894043922,
-0.04247473180294037,
-0.014733950607478619,
0.042539406567811966,
-0.06639546900987625,
-0.02979024313390255,
-0.026926519349217415,
0.0062614930793643,
-0.08623415231704712,
0.05975193902850151,
-0.055680081248283386,
-0.03576404228806496,
-0.04754418134689331,
0.33043864369392395,
-0.044224437326192856,
0.04467763751745224,
0.0006734513444826007,
0.005987284705042839,
0.00300144637003541,
-0.012393132783472538,
-0.027547823265194893,
0.06139298155903816,
-0.0011552090290933847,
0.07146082818508148,
0.04153254255652428,
0.0005007878062315285,
-0.05201287940144539,
0.0332600362598896,
-0.06588371843099594,
-0.0332200787961483,
-0.005706335883587599,
-0.004620289895683527,
0.08845445513725281,
0.04178926348686218,
-0.05556169152259827,
-0.007131820544600487,
0.05306343361735344,
-0.0012125400826334953,
0.03383127972483635,
0.02036050520837307,
-0.035866811871528625,
0.057359613478183746,
0.057174526154994965,
-0.049530573189258575,
0.043118465691804886,
-0.05067187547683716,
-0.06295374780893326,
-0.01722285896539688,
0.0769958347082138,
-0.008372497744858265,
-0.0046608406119048595,
-0.025664761662483215,
0.009176895953714848,
-0.03525276109576225,
-0.014332661405205727,
-0.05773717164993286,
0.01546768844127655,
-0.0563063807785511,
-0.0742863118648529,
0.08320695161819458,
0.003385844174772501,
-0.027967531234025955,
-0.0418606735765934,
0.05261804908514023,
-0.011377833783626556,
0.043608784675598145,
-0.023887917399406433,
0.003958240617066622,
-0.003986806143075228,
0.05833261087536812,
0.024279888719320297,
-0.06281745433807373,
0.035720936954021454,
-0.036278292536735535,
-0.04323321580886841,
-0.014790546149015427,
-0.0005415254854597151,
0.040130216628313065,
0.11728031933307648,
-0.03172629326581955,
-0.040446531027555466,
0.0322609469294548,
0.026922103017568588,
-0.053838133811950684,
-0.0451689213514328,
0.03737151250243187,
-0.017309950664639473,
0.012187293730676174,
0.012585954740643501,
0.013464927673339844,
-0.010794533416628838,
0.00387724325992167,
0.025532757863402367,
0.004525745753198862,
0.09379960596561432,
-0.0409109964966774,
0.016334816813468933,
0.032874561846256256,
0.05161663517355919,
0.05918305739760399,
-0.05318406969308853,
0.07118650525808334,
0.012843451462686062,
0.052089445292949677,
0.006503504700958729,
-0.011662309058010578,
-0.03549938648939133,
-0.011664267629384995,
-0.04841015487909317,
-0.03150331601500511,
0.012537042610347271,
-0.011827094480395317,
-0.0618123821914196,
-0.035380810499191284,
0.018836431205272675,
0.014411907643079758,
0.01908787153661251,
0.06133558601140976,
-0.024716457352042198,
0.032961901277303696,
0.0059778424911201,
0.020939383655786514,
0.06626210361719131,
0.030306562781333923,
-0.04446684941649437,
0.03283732756972313,
0.02903934195637703,
-0.02401001751422882,
-0.08574724942445755,
-0.0065557812340557575,
-0.0079761678352952,
0.013475753366947174,
0.0658935084939003,
-0.0035675105173140764,
0.007741209119558334,
-0.027142316102981567,
0.02020677737891674,
-0.3122239112854004,
-0.06982047855854034,
0.011038524098694324,
-0.06919042021036148,
0.09820351749658585,
0.016740411520004272,
-0.02437696047127247,
0.034425996243953705,
0.0013666650047525764,
-0.10658562183380127,
0.0018869169289246202,
0.07014612853527069,
-0.0776650533080101,
-0.06171832233667374,
-0.01355732325464487,
0.07069525867700577,
0.030590809881687164,
-0.0771920457482338,
-0.029356185346841812,
-0.009446678683161736,
0.00824502483010292,
0.03597863018512726,
-0.029709089547395706,
0.05265887826681137,
0.013206291943788528,
-0.023982083424925804,
0.07585017383098602,
-0.00784581433981657,
0.03506402671337128,
0.0024096842389553785,
-0.04293741285800934,
0.043431803584098816,
-0.021640321239829063,
-0.07396569103002548,
0.026563797146081924,
0.026195595040917397,
-0.021780606359243393,
-0.00451508117839694,
0.030746974050998688,
-0.03500695154070854,
0.01595025137066841,
0.017520615831017494,
0.003365668235346675,
-0.007033023051917553,
-0.06428274512290955,
-0.006183100398629904,
-0.009404206648468971,
-0.04684314876794815,
-0.016997573897242546,
-0.04918569326400757,
0.033147700130939484,
0.03927384316921234,
-0.04179989546537399,
-0.009581255726516247,
-0.033044688403606415,
-0.034736908972263336,
-0.0448126494884491,
-0.025777138769626617,
-0.009000414982438087,
-0.0021850198972970247,
0.037216875702142715,
-0.007218029350042343,
0.0021888972260057926,
-0.06330528110265732,
0.012352713383734226,
0.020235871896147728,
0.021562568843364716,
-0.021404124796390533,
0.01426913682371378,
-0.012298266403377056,
0.05347370728850365,
0.09295273572206497,
0.04524789750576019,
-0.004735517781227827,
0.02703188732266426,
-0.020630531013011932,
-0.015911856666207314,
0.045640237629413605,
-0.07245563715696335,
-0.010952749289572239,
0.00455212639644742,
-0.04359713941812515,
0.1143173798918724,
-0.018317116424441338,
-0.03574596717953682,
-0.03191644698381424,
0.030047232285141945,
-0.020163225010037422,
0.041739240288734436,
-0.015395638532936573,
0.015798205509781837,
0.002262755064293742,
-0.04810243472456932,
0.013734107837080956,
0.03576437383890152,
0.043765973299741745,
-0.22223147749900818,
0.01938091591000557,
0.05236664414405823,
0.04235730692744255,
-0.024846762418746948,
0.005576447118073702,
-0.050113875418901443,
-0.010247483849525452,
-0.008684210479259491,
0.08687030524015427,
0.010160988196730614,
-0.02935124561190605,
0.019289499148726463,
0.06952176243066788,
-0.011414376087486744,
0.03201473876833916,
0.10824275016784668,
-0.05236085131764412,
0.050683435052633286,
-0.1268714964389801,
-0.0072907074354588985,
-0.02694271132349968,
0.17324458062648773,
0.02110547386109829,
0.044076159596443176,
0.00725913280621171,
-0.027014169842004776,
0.019656753167510033,
-0.005434062331914902,
-0.038721561431884766,
0.011733350344002247,
-0.03233238682150841,
0.014905291609466076,
0.022747203707695007,
-0.0201648510992527,
0.008003047667443752,
-0.016481278464198112,
-0.014543590135872364,
-0.03441442921757698,
-0.019423924386501312,
-0.016006898134946823,
-0.016139160841703415,
-0.07023784518241882,
-0.06571441888809204,
0.07789335399866104,
-0.012621155008673668,
-0.08064272254705429,
-0.004068871960043907,
0.02008398249745369,
0.029150811955332756,
-0.021620338782668114,
-0.00041656068060547113,
-0.005668098106980324,
0.01192434597760439,
-0.01709444262087345,
-0.03442637249827385,
0.01153214368969202,
-0.05533309280872345,
-0.0015957016730681062,
0.013416017405688763,
0.07186181843280792,
-0.009147947654128075,
-0.044031426310539246,
0.05292320251464844,
-0.007204593624919653
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.