id
stringlengths 7
10
| title
stringlengths 8
354
| content
stringlengths 91
4.1k
| contents
stringlengths 164
4.24k
| embedding
sequencelengths 384
384
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
PMID:6468 | Kinetics of binding of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin to surface receptors of human cells. | Kinetic parameters of the interaction of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin with human erythrocytes and HeLa cells have been measured. The binding of 125I-labeled abrin and ricin to human erythrocytes and to HeLa cells at 37 degrees was maximal around pH 7, whereas at 0 degrees the binding was similar over a broad pH range. The binding occurred at similar rates at 0 degrees and 37 degrees with rate constants in the range 0.9 to 3.0 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. The dissociation was strongly temperature-dependent with rate constants in the range 3.4 to 45 X 10(-4) s-1 at 0 degrees and 3.9 to 18 X 10(-3) s-1 at 37 degrees. The presence of unlabeled lectins as well as lactose increased the rate of dissociation. The association constants measured at equilibrium or calculated from the rate constants were between 0.64 X 10(8) M-1 and 8.2 X 10(8) M-1 for abrus lectins, and between 8.0 X 10(6) M-1 and 4.2 X 10(8) M-1 for ricinus lectins. The association constants for the toxins were lower at 37 degrees than at 0 degrees. Isolated ricin B chain appeared to bind with similar affinity as intact ricin. The number of binding sites was estimated to be 2 to 3 X 10(6) per erythrocyte and 1 to 3 X 10(7) per HeLa cell. The binding sites of HeLa cells all displayed a uniform affinity towards abrin and ricin, both at 0 degrees and at 37 degrees. The same was the case with the binding sites of erythrocytes at 0 degrees. However, the data indicated that at 20 degrees erythrocytes possessed binding sites with two different affinities. Only a fraction of the cell-bound toxin appeared to be irreversibly bound and could not be removed by washing with 0.1 M lactose. The fraction of the total amount of bound toxin which became irreversibly bound to HeLa cells was for both toxins about 2 X 10(-3)/min at 37 degrees, whereas no toxin was irreversibly bound at 0 degrees. In the case of erythrocytes no toxin became irreversibly bound, either at 0 degrees or 37 degrees, indicating that the toxins are unable to penetrate into these cells. | Kinetics of binding of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin to surface receptors of human cells. Kinetic parameters of the interaction of the toxic lectins abrin and ricin with human erythrocytes and HeLa cells have been measured. The binding of 125I-labeled abrin and ricin to human erythrocytes and to HeLa cells at 37 degrees was maximal around pH 7, whereas at 0 degrees the binding was similar over a broad pH range. The binding occurred at similar rates at 0 degrees and 37 degrees with rate constants in the range 0.9 to 3.0 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. The dissociation was strongly temperature-dependent with rate constants in the range 3.4 to 45 X 10(-4) s-1 at 0 degrees and 3.9 to 18 X 10(-3) s-1 at 37 degrees. The presence of unlabeled lectins as well as lactose increased the rate of dissociation. The association constants measured at equilibrium or calculated from the rate constants were between 0.64 X 10(8) M-1 and 8.2 X 10(8) M-1 for abrus lectins, and between 8.0 X 10(6) M-1 and 4.2 X 10(8) M-1 for ricinus lectins. The association constants for the toxins were lower at 37 degrees than at 0 degrees. Isolated ricin B chain appeared to bind with similar affinity as intact ricin. The number of binding sites was estimated to be 2 to 3 X 10(6) per erythrocyte and 1 to 3 X 10(7) per HeLa cell. The binding sites of HeLa cells all displayed a uniform affinity towards abrin and ricin, both at 0 degrees and at 37 degrees. The same was the case with the binding sites of erythrocytes at 0 degrees. However, the data indicated that at 20 degrees erythrocytes possessed binding sites with two different affinities. Only a fraction of the cell-bound toxin appeared to be irreversibly bound and could not be removed by washing with 0.1 M lactose. The fraction of the total amount of bound toxin which became irreversibly bound to HeLa cells was for both toxins about 2 X 10(-3)/min at 37 degrees, whereas no toxin was irreversibly bound at 0 degrees. In the case of erythrocytes no toxin became irreversibly bound, either at 0 degrees or 37 degrees, indicating that the toxins are unable to penetrate into these cells. | [
-0.09063614159822464,
-0.01566249504685402,
-0.014242990873754025,
0.012983279302716255,
0.03138038143515587,
-0.0160520039498806,
0.0850175991654396,
0.03937314823269844,
-0.01976907067000866,
-0.008368666283786297,
0.020821109414100647,
-0.09079089760780334,
0.010317605920135975,
0.02534579485654831,
-0.04790307953953743,
-0.024169079959392548,
0.018780257552862167,
0.008494395762681961,
-0.07836361229419708,
0.015371757559478283,
0.006564800627529621,
-0.06831487268209457,
0.014126869849860668,
-0.039219312369823456,
0.03937555104494095,
0.057869065552949905,
-0.02505962736904621,
0.018875746056437492,
-0.06348119676113129,
-0.2011346071958542,
0.05409052222967148,
-0.05230586975812912,
0.017112618312239647,
-0.0023055733181536198,
-0.08468910306692123,
-0.00619993032887578,
0.0005067673628218472,
-0.04001608118414879,
-0.008398082107305527,
-0.004726032726466656,
0.039855796843767166,
0.06712981313467026,
0.019610801711678505,
0.016881991177797318,
0.006662168074399233,
0.024086322635412216,
-0.10456398874521255,
0.05836645886301994,
0.09029510617256165,
0.0434725247323513,
-0.02968559041619301,
-0.02620239369571209,
-0.0031415740959346294,
0.03242576867341995,
0.018144017085433006,
-0.01615322194993496,
0.005494322627782822,
0.021166937425732613,
0.0000377095966541674,
0.06407435238361359,
-0.005914520937949419,
0.021552398800849915,
-0.11657042801380157,
0.0844535231590271,
0.05060360208153725,
-0.029581869021058083,
-0.015706146135926247,
0.005323536694049835,
0.03993399068713188,
0.025639131665229797,
-0.02999684028327465,
0.056839585304260254,
0.022976739332079887,
0.03349555283784866,
-0.021578500047326088,
0.008811655454337597,
-0.0007761232554912567,
-0.004158622585237026,
0.04573966562747955,
0.02865871973335743,
-0.022737881168723106,
0.026872871443629265,
0.03448793292045593,
-0.03880300745368004,
0.006463427562266588,
0.013041267171502113,
0.023857934400439262,
0.006921170279383659,
0.02445143088698387,
0.037793103605508804,
0.02921346388757229,
-0.0486966110765934,
-0.0016067210817709565,
0.008125072345137596,
-0.0853690654039383,
0.005527365021407604,
0.0027242463547736406,
-0.0104142464697361,
-0.005870277062058449,
0.4054412841796875,
-0.051996003836393356,
-0.00829039141535759,
-0.09376239031553268,
0.0048451353795826435,
0.029614226892590523,
-0.005016027949750423,
-0.02286086603999138,
-0.022148827090859413,
0.02487969771027565,
0.03952483832836151,
0.05489467829465866,
0.04244430735707283,
-0.05506336688995361,
-0.0327945202589035,
0.07551869004964828,
-0.02640472538769245,
0.0293530635535717,
-0.008096188306808472,
-0.029533348977565765,
0.009944896213710308,
0.019942475482821465,
0.01639312505722046,
0.014939101412892342,
0.018505726009607315,
0.1013847291469574,
0.04681612551212311,
-0.0008164382306858897,
0.10620558261871338,
0.06615200638771057,
0.024090297520160675,
0.05116959661245346,
-0.02498004585504532,
-0.023036954924464226,
0.012277888134121895,
-0.04526733234524727,
-0.015576133504509926,
-0.00429464690387249,
-0.006427361164242029,
0.0030634463764727116,
-0.010144690982997417,
0.008706877939403057,
-0.052007123827934265,
-0.02864489145576954,
-0.104245625436306,
-0.035701923072338104,
0.06909848004579544,
0.016100233420729637,
-0.004117726348340511,
-0.015081491321325302,
0.021582089364528656,
-0.027928533032536507,
0.07895320653915405,
0.02049938403069973,
0.028210440650582314,
-0.04346826300024986,
-0.0021352937910705805,
-0.01229638047516346,
-0.04659179225564003,
-0.007293425500392914,
-0.04619439318776131,
-0.03923579677939415,
-0.018599415197968483,
0.0008475304348394275,
0.08068553358316422,
-0.0003263237595092505,
-0.019685089588165283,
-0.004122897982597351,
-0.000964042148552835,
0.019894151017069817,
0.009992582723498344,
0.030880173668265343,
-0.03761345520615578,
-0.04938814416527748,
-0.007365872152149677,
-0.005662606097757816,
0.052899736911058426,
-0.001819967059418559,
0.030636830255389214,
0.00403111707419157,
0.021608218550682068,
-0.005770012736320496,
0.03047201782464981,
-0.0014943741261959076,
0.01672692783176899,
0.0039030443876981735,
0.005829280242323875,
-0.007752870209515095,
0.012636067345738411,
0.01262057013809681,
0.032058585435152054,
-0.04102495685219765,
0.005241100676357746,
-0.054635189473629,
0.024213699623942375,
-0.023982541635632515,
-0.002892045769840479,
0.014201574958860874,
-0.015662558376789093,
-0.04554518684744835,
0.010429388843476772,
0.11650365591049194,
0.007942140102386475,
-0.05971362069249153,
0.036935675889253616,
0.05169042944908142,
0.05747583881020546,
-0.007033565081655979,
-0.007722147740423679,
-0.00804052222520113,
-0.03566029295325279,
-0.04232209548354149,
0.03287527710199356,
-0.09232158958911896,
-0.08719797432422638,
-0.05155596882104874,
0.019601905718445778,
0.015132198110222816,
0.006049438379704952,
0.031547047197818756,
0.033282577991485596,
0.05411679297685623,
-0.023411715403199196,
-0.00371555145829916,
-0.3108024299144745,
0.049689993262290955,
-0.01528953481465578,
0.014234080910682678,
0.054022498428821564,
-0.001026246347464621,
0.002834595739841461,
-0.02700095809996128,
0.031177617609500885,
-0.02659694291651249,
0.02457226999104023,
0.04244694113731384,
-0.05692426860332489,
-0.05164486542344093,
-0.027800302952528,
0.03793352097272873,
-0.027397548779845238,
-0.013468767516314983,
0.009751657955348492,
0.0214520376175642,
-0.029045142233371735,
-0.0461149625480175,
0.004318607971072197,
0.01185361947864294,
0.005145837087184191,
-0.028525223955512047,
0.1445409506559372,
0.014692464843392372,
-0.056295741349458694,
-0.05261825770139694,
-0.02727035991847515,
0.034769635647535324,
-0.026198022067546844,
-0.04666712135076523,
-0.03295258432626724,
0.037181150168180466,
0.029997795820236206,
-0.042446594685316086,
0.06605963408946991,
0.0069976793602108955,
-0.05634100362658501,
0.03422914072871208,
0.007260877173393965,
-0.09340745210647583,
0.0029520271345973015,
-0.02703283168375492,
0.01458661537617445,
0.0007725192117504776,
0.016249729320406914,
0.006567359436303377,
0.02067689411342144,
-0.015247146598994732,
0.06611811369657516,
0.0037111693527549505,
-0.02385936677455902,
0.011005326174199581,
-0.006912049371749163,
0.05115331709384918,
-0.06717687100172043,
0.06135033816099167,
-0.017435211688280106,
0.0035512640606611967,
0.022992637008428574,
-0.005905680824071169,
0.008098633959889412,
0.0319913811981678,
0.013637335039675236,
-0.026673253625631332,
0.049428995698690414,
0.04579196497797966,
0.010544246062636375,
0.12175672501325607,
0.04925088584423065,
0.018820568919181824,
0.02909380942583084,
0.03235857933759689,
-0.09754668921232224,
-0.06532356142997742,
-0.08071263134479523,
0.03502730280160904,
0.014889235608279705,
-0.011640147306025028,
0.0745852068066597,
-0.025630712509155273,
-0.017869412899017334,
0.011326291598379612,
0.008028235286474228,
-0.021130558103322983,
0.01946261338889599,
0.012394415214657784,
0.0034882205072790384,
-0.03758563473820686,
-0.06609613448381424,
-0.06660301238298416,
0.009002828039228916,
0.0075762346386909485,
-0.29206305742263794,
0.03040575422346592,
0.03963776305317879,
0.03826821967959404,
-0.01052386686205864,
0.017557134851813316,
0.050448156893253326,
-0.05726231262087822,
-0.014108702540397644,
-0.001820230158045888,
0.0023363125510513783,
0.03550800308585167,
0.07152897864580154,
-0.014082686975598335,
0.0034415193367749453,
-0.024090811610221863,
0.02100183069705963,
-0.05670216679573059,
-0.049620527774095535,
0.028150072321295738,
-0.026072239503264427,
-0.010867531411349773,
0.1396421641111374,
-0.019929340109229088,
0.009371761232614517,
0.03206790238618851,
-0.02582073211669922,
0.0484343059360981,
-0.006910180673003197,
-0.04305967316031456,
0.018787823617458344,
0.06429502367973328,
-0.0030173230916261673,
-0.04913673177361488,
0.02036989852786064,
0.045424118638038635,
-0.0010604915441945195,
-0.044082894921302795,
-0.0024756782222539186,
0.030915098264813423,
0.01925848238170147,
0.01043007057160139,
-0.04113030433654785,
-0.03552127256989479,
0.06398683786392212,
-0.03904290869832039,
-0.027525287121534348,
-0.04990951344370842,
0.0006326261791400611,
-0.02292656898498535,
-0.04552982747554779,
-0.03425829857587814,
0.018410122022032738,
0.04744208604097366,
0.032311443239450455,
-0.009246133267879486,
0.015333440154790878,
-0.04208231344819069,
-0.06635718792676926,
-0.020351523533463478,
-0.003939673770219088,
0.013398612849414349,
-0.0766475647687912,
0.030518507584929466,
-0.019283033907413483
] |
PMID:6469 | Sea urchin sperm guanylate cyclase. Purification and loss of cooperativity. | The Lubrol-dispersed guanylate cyclase from sea urchin sperm was purified and isolated essentially free of detergent by GTP affinity chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and gel filtration. After removal of the detergent, the enzyme remained in solution in the presence of 20% glycerol. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 12 mumol of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) formed - min-1 - mg of protein-1 at 30 degrees, an activity about 4600 times that of a soluble guanylate cyclase purified recently from Escherichia coli (Macchia V., Varrone, S., Weissbach, H., Miller, D.L., and Pastan, I. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6214-6217). The cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity was negligible and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase was not detectable in the purified preparation. Cyclic AMP formation from ATP occurred at a rate of 0.002% of that of guanylate cyclase. In the absence of phosphodiesterase or guanosine triphosphatase inhibitors, 100% of the added GTP was converted to cyclic GMP. The purified enzyme required Mn2+ for maximum activity, the relative rates in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ being less than 0.6% of the rates with Mn2+. The purified enzyme displayed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to MnGTP (apparent Km is approximately equal to 170 muM) in contrast to the positively cooperative kinetic behavior displayed by the unpurified, detergent-dispersed, or particulate guanylate cyclase. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was approximately 182,000 as estimated on Bio-Gel A-0.5m columns equilibrated in the presence or absence of 0.1 M NaCl. The unpurified, detergent-dispersed enzyme also migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 182,000 on columns equilibrated with 0.5% Lubrol WX and 0.1 M NaCl, but it migrated as a large aggregate (molecular weight is greater than 5 X 10(5)) on columns equilibrated in the absence of either the detergent of NaCl. After gel filtration, the unpurified, dispersed enzyme still yielded positive cooperative kinetic patterns as a function of MnGTP. Na dodecyl-SO4 gel electrophoresis of the enzyme after the DEAE-Sephadex or the gel filtration steps resulted in two major protein bands with estimated molecular weights of 118,000 and 75,000. Whether or not these protein bands represent the subunit molecular weights of guanylate cyclase is unknown at present. | Sea urchin sperm guanylate cyclase. Purification and loss of cooperativity. The Lubrol-dispersed guanylate cyclase from sea urchin sperm was purified and isolated essentially free of detergent by GTP affinity chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and gel filtration. After removal of the detergent, the enzyme remained in solution in the presence of 20% glycerol. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 12 mumol of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) formed - min-1 - mg of protein-1 at 30 degrees, an activity about 4600 times that of a soluble guanylate cyclase purified recently from Escherichia coli (Macchia V., Varrone, S., Weissbach, H., Miller, D.L., and Pastan, I. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6214-6217). The cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity was negligible and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase was not detectable in the purified preparation. Cyclic AMP formation from ATP occurred at a rate of 0.002% of that of guanylate cyclase. In the absence of phosphodiesterase or guanosine triphosphatase inhibitors, 100% of the added GTP was converted to cyclic GMP. The purified enzyme required Mn2+ for maximum activity, the relative rates in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ being less than 0.6% of the rates with Mn2+. The purified enzyme displayed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to MnGTP (apparent Km is approximately equal to 170 muM) in contrast to the positively cooperative kinetic behavior displayed by the unpurified, detergent-dispersed, or particulate guanylate cyclase. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was approximately 182,000 as estimated on Bio-Gel A-0.5m columns equilibrated in the presence or absence of 0.1 M NaCl. The unpurified, detergent-dispersed enzyme also migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 182,000 on columns equilibrated with 0.5% Lubrol WX and 0.1 M NaCl, but it migrated as a large aggregate (molecular weight is greater than 5 X 10(5)) on columns equilibrated in the absence of either the detergent of NaCl. After gel filtration, the unpurified, dispersed enzyme still yielded positive cooperative kinetic patterns as a function of MnGTP. Na dodecyl-SO4 gel electrophoresis of the enzyme after the DEAE-Sephadex or the gel filtration steps resulted in two major protein bands with estimated molecular weights of 118,000 and 75,000. Whether or not these protein bands represent the subunit molecular weights of guanylate cyclase is unknown at present. | [
-0.06255973875522614,
-0.02902175672352314,
-0.050284821540117264,
-0.022300124168395996,
0.022607438266277313,
-0.014122859574854374,
0.003180548781529069,
0.032260652631521225,
-0.001039751572534442,
-0.007871386595070362,
0.03346060588955879,
-0.09665059298276901,
0.0004925206885673106,
-0.005648139398545027,
-0.05706227943301201,
-0.04513964056968689,
-0.017159579321742058,
0.01250767707824707,
-0.02656961791217327,
-0.015434355475008488,
0.0516769178211689,
-0.031893737614154816,
0.01723705232143402,
-0.02932516299188137,
-0.006173800211399794,
0.030701057985424995,
-0.009751028381288052,
0.023441003635525703,
0.013744045980274677,
-0.20779822766780853,
0.02692282758653164,
-0.006919347681105137,
-0.027719181030988693,
-0.00373815163038671,
-0.00020368659170344472,
-0.020495209842920303,
-0.013961251825094223,
-0.06636519730091095,
-0.03338932245969772,
0.023848194628953934,
0.05278812348842621,
0.043841905891895294,
-0.011967563070356846,
0.06548500061035156,
0.06520875543355942,
-0.0065982709638774395,
-0.037551794201135635,
0.0032829702831804752,
0.10045617818832397,
-0.013374408707022667,
0.08671344816684723,
-0.014197761192917824,
-0.008960568346083164,
-0.0018705668626353145,
-0.01742440089583397,
-0.011271841824054718,
0.05045051500201225,
0.034410510212183,
-0.048592086881399155,
0.03497220203280449,
0.017910771071910858,
0.05760050565004349,
-0.0994892567396164,
0.029789753258228302,
0.04949373006820679,
0.01185627095401287,
-0.009986333549022675,
-0.02295757457613945,
0.03138931468129158,
0.05422114580869675,
-0.009202930144965649,
0.017721591517329216,
-0.044728074222803116,
0.02752838470041752,
-0.014572533778846264,
0.0437382236123085,
-0.022281639277935028,
0.055382393300533295,
0.06741777062416077,
0.030183684080839157,
0.010467191226780415,
0.02075972408056259,
0.027059735730290413,
-0.0037182276137173176,
-0.00629983376711607,
0.013466928154230118,
-0.023613562807440758,
-0.05564602464437485,
0.014074310660362244,
0.04259539023041725,
-0.0857575461268425,
-0.043026797473430634,
-0.0022416841238737106,
-0.043328266590833664,
-0.0768478661775589,
0.10805410146713257,
0.009454789571464062,
-0.004454611334949732,
-0.033794477581977844,
0.3974688649177551,
-0.013750552199780941,
0.02260754071176052,
-0.07800719141960144,
0.009453058242797852,
0.01076078787446022,
0.0071644592098891735,
-0.040173038840293884,
-0.021876860409975052,
-0.00397600419819355,
0.050776951014995575,
0.015822654590010643,
0.011845769360661507,
0.008170579560101032,
-0.04764555022120476,
-0.031892258673906326,
-0.006722101476043463,
-0.004352446645498276,
-0.010239169001579285,
-0.03588888794183731,
0.052793312817811966,
-0.04836278036236763,
-0.03414490073919296,
0.04342779144644737,
0.002351118018850684,
0.020595306530594826,
0.008677393198013306,
-0.0399571917951107,
0.08203666657209396,
0.04353337362408638,
-0.011318963021039963,
0.07111948728561401,
0.07206591218709946,
0.0069995177909731865,
0.028184404596686363,
0.010556335560977459,
-0.03469015285372734,
0.059694934636354446,
-0.055049631744623184,
0.017322320491075516,
-0.016911648213863373,
-0.017167169600725174,
-0.049228522926568985,
-0.04769164323806763,
-0.043346624821424484,
-0.009926294907927513,
0.06261526793241501,
0.00746244378387928,
0.031336795538663864,
-0.021794624626636505,
-0.001056463224813342,
0.014837714843451977,
0.06900718808174133,
-0.019062254577875137,
-0.00937032699584961,
0.02300153858959675,
0.022528886795043945,
-0.030047381296753883,
0.07005023956298828,
0.026435991749167442,
-0.0049683889374136925,
-0.11719759553670883,
0.010810472071170807,
0.021533207967877388,
0.06734788417816162,
0.0703442320227623,
-0.04514891654253006,
-0.058074697852134705,
0.04156320542097092,
-0.030382879078388214,
-0.022085843607783318,
-0.008874346502125263,
0.004979436285793781,
-0.0037022095639258623,
-0.025758665055036545,
-0.009114664979279041,
0.01782681606709957,
0.0838574692606926,
0.03527543693780899,
0.042144160717725754,
0.05188305303454399,
-0.0025484284851700068,
-0.016441382467746735,
-0.05661913752555847,
0.03943433612585068,
0.004797115456312895,
-0.05781176686286926,
-0.08675016462802887,
0.03500724583864212,
0.008246849291026592,
0.03504650667309761,
-0.02129160799086094,
0.01922607421875,
-0.06898822635412216,
0.06255489587783813,
-0.057366229593753815,
-0.05082998424768448,
-0.018554288893938065,
-0.010533391498029232,
0.0297365915030241,
-0.032483477145433426,
0.1006404310464859,
-0.016913585364818573,
0.040601134300231934,
0.0329856313765049,
-0.04756101220846176,
0.06591497361660004,
0.0104649243876338,
0.056361377239227295,
0.01711934059858322,
0.05304102599620819,
0.018910512328147888,
0.01872185431420803,
-0.04121499881148338,
0.01176395546644926,
-0.04924427717924118,
0.08570119738578796,
0.038925573229789734,
0.012082027271389961,
0.05141780152916908,
-0.022178029641509056,
0.024033263325691223,
-0.030289793387055397,
-0.07680469006299973,
-0.2749530076980591,
-0.08447151631116867,
-0.007394584361463785,
-0.005256674252450466,
0.08600426465272903,
-0.07399118691682816,
0.030129555612802505,
-0.015464377589523792,
0.037760179489851,
-0.05063515901565552,
0.08560746908187866,
0.054895490407943726,
-0.05318320542573929,
-0.015582432970404625,
-0.007148621138185263,
0.004058892372995615,
0.04494112357497215,
0.013956605456769466,
0.011204797774553299,
0.018053129315376282,
-0.0006111059337854385,
-0.020806485787034035,
-0.05240478366613388,
0.03296000882983208,
0.029448097571730614,
-0.010016745887696743,
0.0966445729136467,
0.024689503014087677,
-0.014997378922998905,
0.005062167998403311,
0.013867986388504505,
0.03145056590437889,
0.0032801716588437557,
-0.07802865654230118,
-0.03372111916542053,
0.036733128130435944,
-0.04257868230342865,
-0.059592533856630325,
0.014122925698757172,
-0.01805284060537815,
-0.03423648327589035,
0.0318271741271019,
0.0324370451271534,
-0.009886393323540688,
-0.028783319517970085,
-0.026421478018164635,
0.0010422691702842712,
0.03960017114877701,
0.002625945257022977,
-0.02709449641406536,
0.05640723556280136,
0.020003831014037132,
-0.0024646278470754623,
-0.09394875168800354,
-0.03756158798933029,
0.03625015914440155,
0.00016776821576058865,
-0.0003838060365524143,
-0.037540778517723083,
0.0030216549057513475,
0.027953198179602623,
0.02689433842897415,
-0.006643651984632015,
0.031252503395080566,
-0.00492957653477788,
-0.009176885709166527,
0.02159363403916359,
0.0012266399571672082,
0.05453551188111305,
0.005107058212161064,
0.020085368305444717,
0.06780064851045609,
-0.02531571500003338,
0.011400764808058739,
-0.034363165497779846,
-0.020044976845383644,
-0.04448411613702774,
-0.011812196113169193,
-0.056857261806726456,
-0.02927662432193756,
-0.031234657391905785,
-0.016391737386584282,
0.011961899697780609,
-0.03405451402068138,
-0.022294996306300163,
0.001280978787690401,
0.005639518145471811,
-0.04538210481405258,
0.07313449680805206,
-0.02312016673386097,
0.04043383523821831,
0.03681810572743416,
0.016716817393898964,
-0.013976357877254486,
0.013677811250090599,
0.024445613846182823,
-0.2840963304042816,
0.0025344020687043667,
0.0047920215874910355,
0.004123089835047722,
-0.013747441582381725,
0.05801165848970413,
0.08747363835573196,
-0.01001738477498293,
-0.021860618144273758,
0.0810818150639534,
0.036745164543390274,
0.04908709600567818,
0.0226695965975523,
0.07652898877859116,
0.002289882395416498,
0.06934231519699097,
0.04869210347533226,
-0.04081568121910095,
0.0094305956736207,
-0.01711750030517578,
0.03593439236283302,
-0.04332895204424858,
0.15112300217151642,
0.00021907560585532337,
0.0348425917327404,
0.03986814618110657,
-0.0017845092806965113,
-0.01990792341530323,
-0.056952208280563354,
0.020034905523061752,
-0.07584701478481293,
0.055427927523851395,
0.06201624497771263,
-0.09348566830158234,
0.009303022176027298,
0.029034698382019997,
0.0053189038299024105,
0.01646461710333824,
-0.020555872470140457,
-0.034569717943668365,
-0.08129497617483139,
-0.02731093391776085,
-0.03167665749788284,
-0.053272269666194916,
0.05091948062181473,
-0.08278113603591919,
-0.046443600207567215,
-0.07116562873125076,
-0.05373454838991165,
0.00833076424896717,
-0.0643085390329361,
-0.054462265223264694,
0.037779148668050766,
-0.008813511580228806,
-0.0022188995499163866,
-0.012752557173371315,
-0.03376031666994095,
-0.0390813834965229,
-0.026501387357711792,
-0.005532214418053627,
-0.04234275966882706,
0.006892707664519548,
-0.009481051005423069,
0.0461701862514019,
0.003711527679115534
] |
PMID:6470 | Biochemical characterization of mutant forms of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. I. The polA12 mutation. | DNA polymerase I has been purified to greater than 90% homogeneity from a strain of Escherichia coli K12 that bears the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase I mutatation, polA12. The mutant enzyme has a reduced electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation rate. It is abnormally thermolabile and is rapidly inactivated at low salt concentrations. Its polymerase and 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activities are not grossly defective at 30 degrees, yet its capacity to promote the concerted 5' leads to 3' polymerization and the 5' leads to 3' exonucleolytic hydrolysis of nucleotides at a nick ("nick translation") is decreased 10-fold. These effects are probably the result of a significant alteration in the tertiary structure of the enzyme. | Biochemical characterization of mutant forms of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. I. The polA12 mutation. DNA polymerase I has been purified to greater than 90% homogeneity from a strain of Escherichia coli K12 that bears the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase I mutatation, polA12. The mutant enzyme has a reduced electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation rate. It is abnormally thermolabile and is rapidly inactivated at low salt concentrations. Its polymerase and 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activities are not grossly defective at 30 degrees, yet its capacity to promote the concerted 5' leads to 3' polymerization and the 5' leads to 3' exonucleolytic hydrolysis of nucleotides at a nick ("nick translation") is decreased 10-fold. These effects are probably the result of a significant alteration in the tertiary structure of the enzyme. | [
-0.10147932916879654,
-0.010301719419658184,
-0.002027366077527404,
-0.01977303810417652,
0.010428979061543941,
0.004565345123410225,
0.023327035829424858,
0.03638381510972977,
-0.016050437465310097,
-0.019430795684456825,
0.03902129828929901,
-0.021008869633078575,
-0.03574968874454498,
-0.01333133690059185,
-0.01526717934757471,
-0.02390984818339348,
-0.05956815928220749,
-0.0452701561152935,
-0.004651193041354418,
0.024729249998927116,
0.04387173801660538,
-0.04119720309972763,
0.008595028892159462,
-0.009318710304796696,
0.006856911350041628,
0.056511007249355316,
-0.0010944966925308108,
0.015906069427728653,
-0.07229556888341904,
-0.21252010762691498,
0.04472002759575844,
-0.06649194657802582,
0.04781923443078995,
-0.0018366777803748846,
0.020317615941166878,
-0.00040717358933761716,
-0.07809870690107346,
-0.04554726555943489,
-0.03825712203979492,
0.058024827390909195,
0.03633834049105644,
0.046595532447099686,
0.01509898528456688,
-0.012008157558739185,
0.013176588341593742,
0.0357145257294178,
-0.040087971836328506,
0.0327572301030159,
0.05978488549590111,
0.002247133059427142,
-0.059539955109357834,
-0.0011794987367466092,
-0.04094087332487106,
0.014179146848618984,
0.018365759402513504,
-0.0019463198259472847,
0.0937802642583847,
0.056731805205345154,
-0.03450371325016022,
-0.007562375161796808,
0.0315026119351387,
0.027489133179187775,
-0.11613675951957703,
0.06140108406543732,
0.06646300852298737,
0.031232459470629692,
-0.002347293309867382,
-0.07733624428510666,
0.003888279665261507,
0.0266866534948349,
-0.04780430346727371,
0.025875236839056015,
-0.01781579665839672,
0.05972308665513992,
0.0214865542948246,
-0.006401906255632639,
0.01653379201889038,
0.01802781969308853,
0.09405998140573502,
0.026553969830274582,
-0.022765161469578743,
-0.06283587962388992,
-0.003206373890861869,
-0.05331407114863396,
-0.045310135930776596,
0.008960525505244732,
0.039328332990407944,
0.013098484836518764,
0.028716688975691795,
0.06917350739240646,
0.017635591328144073,
-0.027871202677488327,
0.03698849305510521,
-0.00018966780044138432,
-0.06047232821583748,
0.10177644342184067,
0.08327222615480423,
0.06558424234390259,
0.1015816330909729,
0.3690352737903595,
-0.00929186400026083,
-0.005667025689035654,
-0.0016472587594762444,
0.039641372859478,
-0.031688228249549866,
0.0030531620141118765,
-0.021540774032473564,
-0.01954738423228264,
-0.004313638433814049,
-0.003628393867984414,
0.012507162056863308,
0.015440691262483597,
0.01819339208304882,
-0.03417257219552994,
-0.0000729938765289262,
-0.010075808502733707,
-0.012377017177641392,
-0.002246252493932843,
-0.0646759569644928,
0.03088989108800888,
-0.03648056089878082,
-0.04743950441479683,
0.04114648699760437,
-0.002553951693698764,
0.03763316944241524,
0.021563341841101646,
0.016494762152433395,
0.05753280594944954,
0.025404764339327812,
-0.008674249984323978,
0.004421594087034464,
0.024620387703180313,
0.0002689535904210061,
-0.04535475745797157,
0.027832403779029846,
-0.04281633719801903,
-0.02800891548395157,
-0.002179560484364629,
0.050933755934238434,
-0.02774072252213955,
-0.011584516614675522,
0.005635793786495924,
-0.0858781561255455,
-0.06378162652254105,
-0.004127860069274902,
0.02164897881448269,
-0.05067933350801468,
0.0598924495279789,
-0.006014708895236254,
-0.01613171026110649,
0.007853789255023003,
0.036608368158340454,
-0.03586395084857941,
0.0027777652721852064,
0.012245227582752705,
0.058693304657936096,
-0.008391579613089561,
-0.03070910833775997,
0.04857616871595383,
0.016592994332313538,
-0.0986693724989891,
0.01805100403726101,
0.015966851264238358,
0.07639414817094803,
0.013860370963811874,
-0.035069141536951065,
-0.04167218506336212,
0.009441631846129894,
0.011975576169788837,
0.015907004475593567,
0.012927650474011898,
-0.02381031960248947,
-0.02111959457397461,
0.009651459753513336,
-0.0709274485707283,
-0.03642665222287178,
0.015175098553299904,
0.06459704786539078,
0.028025776147842407,
0.041297610849142075,
0.023609306663274765,
-0.06425341963768005,
-0.010557726956903934,
-0.008327228017151356,
0.058080751448869705,
-0.013792484067380428,
-0.032978158444166183,
0.0641193613409996,
0.03318769484758377,
0.05157876014709473,
-0.002056002151221037,
-0.013876154087483883,
-0.10925447940826416,
-0.002978638280183077,
-0.03802962601184845,
-0.0006089780363254249,
-0.004794877953827381,
0.056137628853321075,
0.021610749885439873,
-0.03495294600725174,
0.11666454374790192,
0.0585457980632782,
0.04723423719406128,
0.044535547494888306,
-0.08012541383504868,
0.014209111221134663,
0.048682909458875656,
0.04566001519560814,
0.02182711847126484,
0.02698231115937233,
-0.054922863841056824,
0.0010920892236754298,
-0.08294083178043365,
-0.036799605935811996,
-0.04463979974389076,
-0.002933504758402705,
-0.014435467310249805,
0.013227798976004124,
0.10577332973480225,
0.01413759309798479,
-0.008472786284983158,
-0.028395896777510643,
-0.046700816601514816,
-0.3029231131076813,
-0.0507170632481575,
-0.05120525881648064,
-0.0013745721662417054,
0.03130403533577919,
-0.06467308849096298,
0.029370607808232307,
0.02823035418987274,
0.027737105265259743,
-0.059659939259290695,
0.001861599856056273,
0.05551348999142647,
-0.007762084249407053,
-0.04298587143421173,
-0.011321370489895344,
0.012980123981833458,
0.011601334437727928,
0.002597668906673789,
0.013583281077444553,
0.00023019923537503928,
0.02721378766000271,
0.025312114506959915,
0.030704116448760033,
0.003998165018856525,
0.05270323529839516,
-0.028352098539471626,
0.06921694427728653,
-0.01650949753820896,
0.02553987316787243,
0.03363674506545067,
-0.006953236646950245,
0.034524232149124146,
-0.053031716495752335,
-0.05311107635498047,
-0.029769182205200195,
0.005244269035756588,
-0.045318569988012314,
-0.08046875894069672,
-0.012854525819420815,
-0.02468356490135193,
0.07251434028148651,
0.0274914912879467,
-0.0073315794579684734,
-0.03217729926109314,
-0.026885855942964554,
-0.027922790497541428,
0.030037853866815567,
0.0877799242734909,
-0.007111563812941313,
0.018276963382959366,
0.04874682053923607,
-0.04769608750939369,
0.03457989543676376,
-0.05646161362528801,
0.02131921611726284,
-0.020100917667150497,
-0.022722017019987106,
0.06965414434671402,
-0.019237453117966652,
-0.015553251840174198,
0.02854686975479126,
0.012223392724990845,
0.026788810268044472,
0.0386573001742363,
-0.0001389144017593935,
0.00778771098703146,
0.021632032468914986,
-0.003491766517981887,
0.04843652993440628,
-0.059150416404008865,
-0.014413624070584774,
0.09723293781280518,
0.0023273141123354435,
-0.004896430764347315,
-0.049760084599256516,
0.026729349046945572,
-0.05036332830786705,
-0.060518529266119,
-0.07083538174629211,
-0.03981354460120201,
-0.03973505273461342,
0.05636001378297806,
0.05826675519347191,
-0.09001236408948898,
-0.005892448127269745,
0.024485230445861816,
0.06233106553554535,
0.008735645562410355,
0.013170084916055202,
0.015343096107244492,
0.002802033443003893,
0.01795731671154499,
-0.0057421172969043255,
-0.01668820157647133,
0.005063035059720278,
-0.011785507202148438,
-0.26505371928215027,
-0.04833363741636276,
-0.005813094787299633,
0.06506529450416565,
-0.019018353894352913,
0.06375447660684586,
0.002917194738984108,
-0.003587410319596529,
-0.014743831939995289,
0.057965751737356186,
-0.0026395339518785477,
0.035196028649806976,
0.0296481903642416,
0.04574919492006302,
-0.02441255934536457,
0.02693415805697441,
0.04331732541322708,
-0.06038424000144005,
0.02045631967484951,
-0.060303837060928345,
0.030967213213443756,
-0.03278707340359688,
0.15322299301624298,
-0.022742608562111855,
0.010007103905081749,
0.014409821480512619,
0.006135446950793266,
0.01995059661567211,
-0.017997579649090767,
-0.03120291978120804,
-0.07523488998413086,
0.02122628688812256,
0.028361810371279716,
-0.07775085419416428,
0.03498457744717598,
0.02349800057709217,
-0.014402409084141254,
-0.0350499302148819,
-0.03996577113866806,
-0.0070233033038675785,
-0.030333232134580612,
0.006321975961327553,
-0.06520511955022812,
-0.07263510674238205,
0.007408288773149252,
0.013895953074097633,
-0.04253089055418968,
-0.0708065927028656,
-0.02457367442548275,
-0.0003701753739733249,
-0.06825967133045197,
-0.017582911998033524,
0.014082184061408043,
-0.026652216911315918,
0.03654998540878296,
0.05139615759253502,
-0.0004960786318406463,
0.012717059813439846,
-0.021962488070130348,
-0.048278797417879105,
0.061122313141822815,
0.028205987066030502,
-0.04027852043509483,
0.12236150354146957,
-0.041214581578969955
] |
PMID:6471 | Purification of plasma membrane penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C and comparison with exoenzyme. | The membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. The homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, has a molecular weight of 33,000 in contrast to 29,000 for the exoenzyme, and contains 8 to 9 additional residues of aspartate or asparagine, 4 to 5 of serine, 7 of glutamate or glutamine, and 4 to 5 of glycine per mole. The COOH-terminal sequence of both membrane and exoenzymes is -Met-Asn-Gln-Lys-COOH; hence the extra peptide portion present in the membrane enzyme is not attached to the COOH-terminus of the exoenzyme. Procedures which readily detected the lysine residue at the NH2 terminus of the exoenzyme did not yield a positive test with the membrane form. The NH2 terminus of the membrane enzyme may be blocked by or linked to the phospholipid. A procedure for the preparation of membrane penicillinase on a large scale and an improved method for purification of the exoenzyme have been developed. | Purification of plasma membrane penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C and comparison with exoenzyme. The membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been demonstrated to be a phospholipoprotein. The homogeneous enzyme gives a positive reaction for phosphorous and for unsaturated fatty acids, has a molecular weight of 33,000 in contrast to 29,000 for the exoenzyme, and contains 8 to 9 additional residues of aspartate or asparagine, 4 to 5 of serine, 7 of glutamate or glutamine, and 4 to 5 of glycine per mole. The COOH-terminal sequence of both membrane and exoenzymes is -Met-Asn-Gln-Lys-COOH; hence the extra peptide portion present in the membrane enzyme is not attached to the COOH-terminus of the exoenzyme. Procedures which readily detected the lysine residue at the NH2 terminus of the exoenzyme did not yield a positive test with the membrane form. The NH2 terminus of the membrane enzyme may be blocked by or linked to the phospholipid. A procedure for the preparation of membrane penicillinase on a large scale and an improved method for purification of the exoenzyme have been developed. | [
-0.032719314098358154,
0.014655371196568012,
-0.05282779783010483,
-0.007472406607121229,
-0.0006653869058936834,
-0.07410388439893723,
0.03358634561300278,
0.021419284865260124,
-0.014142069034278393,
0.016861332580447197,
-0.02355092577636242,
-0.11380491405725479,
0.02613374963402748,
0.031011829152703285,
-0.020891865715384483,
-0.04084036126732826,
0.0006488218787126243,
0.043270520865917206,
-0.031877342611551285,
0.07327603548765182,
0.023168662562966347,
-0.018679479137063026,
-0.007051924243569374,
-0.01911737024784088,
0.04685832932591438,
0.03999325633049011,
0.004867112264037132,
-0.03731810674071312,
-0.048132237046957016,
-0.20801132917404175,
0.009533430449664593,
-0.02878079190850258,
0.0039938874542713165,
-0.050822194665670395,
0.01667400822043419,
0.004163641948252916,
0.04419802501797676,
-0.01624019257724285,
0.0027515736874192953,
0.01857595704495907,
0.05561165511608124,
0.034600015729665756,
0.005052799358963966,
0.0212763212621212,
0.02344779297709465,
-0.04686647653579712,
-0.001734709250740707,
0.026759691536426544,
0.09944821894168854,
-0.040716953575611115,
-0.049564361572265625,
0.017639638856053352,
0.06566669791936874,
0.018619244918227196,
-0.02206072397530079,
-0.02523317188024521,
-0.01377058494836092,
0.020478159189224243,
0.007128708064556122,
-0.040896762162446976,
-0.009831244125962257,
-0.04234619811177254,
-0.15814989805221558,
0.06757836788892746,
0.018656805157661438,
0.0009817074751481414,
0.006253793835639954,
-0.10084955394268036,
0.0007143857073970139,
-0.00965277012437582,
-0.03275422379374504,
0.07140589505434036,
-0.02802402526140213,
0.004476339090615511,
0.022273579612374306,
0.008446871303021908,
-0.0208139531314373,
-0.00634313840419054,
0.008838004432618618,
0.016102779656648636,
-0.016246972605586052,
-0.01801089197397232,
0.017228620126843452,
0.057819072157144547,
-0.036210838705301285,
0.02119986154139042,
0.02158050797879696,
0.004917504731565714,
0.042233411222696304,
0.06946444511413574,
-0.013419446535408497,
-0.04330317676067352,
0.0216820128262043,
0.05787770822644234,
-0.09196892380714417,
0.05347367003560066,
0.01484186202287674,
0.024297304451465607,
0.03368345648050308,
0.3693496584892273,
-0.05067787691950798,
-0.009360150434076786,
-0.03806140646338463,
-0.044524017721414566,
0.02344467304646969,
-0.013795554637908936,
0.03462565690279007,
-0.00973356794565916,
0.031440746039152145,
0.004050038289278746,
0.03713180124759674,
0.05979114770889282,
0.040587231516838074,
-0.044022802263498306,
-0.02918119914829731,
-0.03173833340406418,
0.008348813280463219,
0.004524594638496637,
-0.02418331429362297,
0.07859927415847778,
-0.05513210594654083,
-0.026115866377949715,
-0.03841474652290344,
-0.011229914613068104,
-0.02955205738544464,
0.0525553822517395,
-0.07513637095689774,
0.07744108885526657,
0.06453142315149307,
-0.02233804389834404,
0.027051378041505814,
0.009166304022073746,
0.010413908399641514,
-0.02042076736688614,
0.014151518233120441,
0.006377692334353924,
0.03336028754711151,
-0.038593389093875885,
0.024880999699234962,
-0.04164378345012665,
0.03045429103076458,
-0.012377049773931503,
-0.08546651899814606,
-0.04613540321588516,
0.037693921476602554,
0.061318378895521164,
-0.027682138606905937,
0.07634805887937546,
-0.05968903377652168,
-0.029918812215328217,
0.03523009642958641,
0.04743767902255058,
0.031523313373327255,
0.014555965550243855,
0.04807057976722717,
0.04626151919364929,
0.043701231479644775,
0.00399857759475708,
0.003733972553163767,
0.003991771023720503,
-0.05214535444974899,
-0.02731064334511757,
-0.013018316589295864,
0.07892724126577377,
0.04291948303580284,
0.00662186136469245,
-0.04068292677402496,
0.011954428628087044,
-0.01956462860107422,
-0.034857913851737976,
-0.034501247107982635,
-0.0021113238763064146,
0.013584982603788376,
-0.010976498015224934,
-0.0735718160867691,
0.01720113679766655,
0.025628000497817993,
-0.012441590428352356,
0.01403549499809742,
0.0015538666630163789,
-0.013876542448997498,
-0.07670087367296219,
-0.021643880754709244,
0.005987886805087328,
0.052584920078516006,
-0.0530909039080143,
-0.015787256881594658,
-0.0037480080500245094,
0.005250466987490654,
0.03444724157452583,
-0.0847020074725151,
0.05688846483826637,
-0.06230834871530533,
0.025700347498059273,
-0.09194295108318329,
-0.06618950515985489,
-0.039742521941661835,
0.034470655024051666,
-0.019563201814889908,
0.011619579046964645,
0.09725090861320496,
0.010442173108458519,
-0.011313042603433132,
-0.005369659047573805,
-0.07364051043987274,
0.006615287158638239,
0.016933850944042206,
0.03166450187563896,
0.029975447803735733,
0.05791725218296051,
-0.07142266631126404,
-0.01592019572854042,
-0.1210242435336113,
-0.007926005870103836,
-0.04893745481967926,
0.005992142949253321,
-0.0386195108294487,
0.044877294450998306,
0.05328242480754852,
-0.010116225108504295,
0.000552876153960824,
0.006695150397717953,
-0.09370969235897064,
-0.3105502724647522,
-0.01669531688094139,
0.030875520780682564,
0.03058180771768093,
0.0733485072851181,
-0.0856340080499649,
0.03699515014886856,
0.01701703481376171,
-0.00043456960702314973,
-0.021225357428193092,
0.06561154127120972,
0.0386892594397068,
-0.028736231848597527,
-0.001511512091383338,
-0.010806690901517868,
0.029935728758573532,
0.04733583703637123,
-0.05094471946358681,
0.025235876441001892,
0.029554583132267,
0.006603728048503399,
-0.031779851764440536,
0.03970247879624367,
0.05802595242857933,
0.08761388808488846,
-0.08220449090003967,
0.07141603529453278,
-0.005239950492978096,
0.016121074557304382,
-0.037228770554065704,
-0.0013440317707136273,
0.03236650675535202,
-0.048327911645174026,
-0.09799472242593765,
-0.019008688628673553,
-0.02199503593146801,
-0.011171900667250156,
-0.010702364146709442,
0.012180332094430923,
-0.06379896402359009,
-0.019879963248968124,
0.05931231006979942,
-0.045115817338228226,
-0.03848794847726822,
0.002239557448774576,
-0.014477379620075226,
0.02075861394405365,
0.054186027497053146,
0.012723205611109734,
0.04165801405906677,
0.04831736162304878,
-0.010811387561261654,
0.03218196704983711,
-0.04320862516760826,
-0.02606287971138954,
-0.0020075570791959763,
-0.013147156685590744,
-0.01618625409901142,
-0.04643908143043518,
0.027788549661636353,
-0.023720206692814827,
-0.00984012708067894,
-0.02444002777338028,
0.08503058552742004,
-0.007439503911882639,
0.007701254915446043,
-0.006570379249751568,
-0.030715573579072952,
0.07574232667684555,
-0.01357015036046505,
0.01053909957408905,
0.05266634747385979,
-0.00029324900242500007,
-0.034386370331048965,
0.025202283635735512,
0.061371561139822006,
0.03363136947154999,
-0.05039476603269577,
-0.08421900123357773,
0.03445395454764366,
-0.005535143427550793,
-0.02799585834145546,
0.031054925173521042,
-0.02683451399207115,
0.02922094613313675,
0.0591406412422657,
0.029469918459653854,
0.004737561568617821,
0.023241795599460602,
0.01944231241941452,
-0.0035188947804272175,
0.0023243138566613197,
0.0006989342509768903,
-0.026131726801395416,
0.007597099523991346,
0.05123763531446457,
-0.274517297744751,
0.04496613144874573,
0.023165123537182808,
0.031318698078393936,
0.05496734380722046,
0.04756706953048706,
0.0522044375538826,
-0.07411151379346848,
-0.004850444383919239,
0.08123324811458588,
0.02015615999698639,
0.03845096379518509,
0.06296589225530624,
0.052315544337034225,
-0.0032292241230607033,
0.007774669211357832,
0.03309359773993492,
-0.019125832244753838,
0.003349214093759656,
0.017556697130203247,
-0.019092371687293053,
-0.048188384622335434,
0.14569468796253204,
0.022359095513820648,
-0.01144807692617178,
0.0460205078125,
0.020723970606923103,
-0.0058846380561590195,
-0.013501893728971481,
0.015930037945508957,
-0.005843858700245619,
0.020237402990460396,
0.07456561177968979,
-0.010277790948748589,
0.0030839554965496063,
-0.004819296300411224,
-0.0053680273704230785,
0.006735249422490597,
-0.04531065747141838,
0.02964857406914234,
0.034253526479005814,
0.008256006054580212,
-0.07439854741096497,
-0.04350953549146652,
0.07131170481443405,
-0.06629067659378052,
-0.047511156648397446,
-0.06727708876132965,
0.002118401462212205,
0.006494894158095121,
-0.03668970614671707,
-0.038808222860097885,
0.017271863296628,
-0.006860213819891214,
0.008228136226534843,
-0.04291516914963722,
-0.00044098077341914177,
-0.0073649208061397076,
-0.052270106971263885,
-0.004784788005053997,
0.0457204170525074,
-0.02476436085999012,
-0.02045200765132904,
0.06730590760707855,
0.04468308016657829
] |
PMID:6473 | Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Temperature dependence of oxygen binding and pH dependence of subunit dissociation. | The temperature dependence of the oxygen equilibrium of tadpole hemoglobin has been determined between 0 degrees and 32 degrees for the unfractionated but phosphate-free lysate and between 12 degrees and 32 degrees for each of the four isolated components between pH 6 and 10 in 0.05 M cacodylate, Tris, or glycine buffers containing 0.1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. Under these conditions the Bohr effect (defined as deltalog p50/deltapH) of the unfractionated lysate is positive at low temperatures between pH 6 and 8.5 and is negative above pH 8.5 to 8.8 at any temperature. As the temperature rises the Bohr effect below pH 8.5 changes greatly. In the interval pH 7.0 to 7.5, the magnitude of the Bohr effect decreases from + 0.28 at 0 degrees to zero at about 24 degrees and becomes negative, as in mammalian hemoglobins, above this temperature. Measurements with the isolated components show that the temperature dependence of oxygen binding for Components I and II and for Components III and IV is very similar. For both sets of components the apparent overall enthalpy of oxygenation at pH 7.5 is about -16.4 kcal/mol and -12.6 kcal/mol at pH 9.5. The measured enthalpies include contributions from the active Bohr groups, the buffer ions themselves, the hemoglobin groups contributing buffering, and any pH-dependent, oxygenation-dependent binding of ions such as chloride by the hemoglobin. The apportioning of the total enthalpy among these various processes remains to be determined. Between pH 8 and 10.5 tadpole oxyhemoglobin undergoes a pH-dependent dissociation from tetramer to dimer. The pH dependence of the apparent tetramer-dimer dissociation constant indicates that at pH 9.5 the dissociation of each tetramer is accompanied by the release of approximately 2 protons. In this pH range the oxygen equilibrium measurements indicate that about 0.5 proton is released for each oxygen molecule bound. The results are consistent with the conclusion that one acid group per alphabeta dimer changes its pK from about 10 to 8 or below upon dissociation of the tetramer. | Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Temperature dependence of oxygen binding and pH dependence of subunit dissociation. The temperature dependence of the oxygen equilibrium of tadpole hemoglobin has been determined between 0 degrees and 32 degrees for the unfractionated but phosphate-free lysate and between 12 degrees and 32 degrees for each of the four isolated components between pH 6 and 10 in 0.05 M cacodylate, Tris, or glycine buffers containing 0.1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. Under these conditions the Bohr effect (defined as deltalog p50/deltapH) of the unfractionated lysate is positive at low temperatures between pH 6 and 8.5 and is negative above pH 8.5 to 8.8 at any temperature. As the temperature rises the Bohr effect below pH 8.5 changes greatly. In the interval pH 7.0 to 7.5, the magnitude of the Bohr effect decreases from + 0.28 at 0 degrees to zero at about 24 degrees and becomes negative, as in mammalian hemoglobins, above this temperature. Measurements with the isolated components show that the temperature dependence of oxygen binding for Components I and II and for Components III and IV is very similar. For both sets of components the apparent overall enthalpy of oxygenation at pH 7.5 is about -16.4 kcal/mol and -12.6 kcal/mol at pH 9.5. The measured enthalpies include contributions from the active Bohr groups, the buffer ions themselves, the hemoglobin groups contributing buffering, and any pH-dependent, oxygenation-dependent binding of ions such as chloride by the hemoglobin. The apportioning of the total enthalpy among these various processes remains to be determined. Between pH 8 and 10.5 tadpole oxyhemoglobin undergoes a pH-dependent dissociation from tetramer to dimer. The pH dependence of the apparent tetramer-dimer dissociation constant indicates that at pH 9.5 the dissociation of each tetramer is accompanied by the release of approximately 2 protons. In this pH range the oxygen equilibrium measurements indicate that about 0.5 proton is released for each oxygen molecule bound. The results are consistent with the conclusion that one acid group per alphabeta dimer changes its pK from about 10 to 8 or below upon dissociation of the tetramer. | [
-0.06953395903110504,
0.04632218927145004,
0.009132751263678074,
0.023222481831908226,
0.0249056126922369,
-0.03246654197573662,
0.07571973651647568,
-0.0005508591420948505,
-0.03360352665185928,
-0.0004434230795595795,
0.027383042499423027,
-0.09125629812479019,
0.028845055028796196,
0.06233490630984306,
-0.05071919038891792,
-0.02821800485253334,
-0.0014580137794837356,
-0.025085482746362686,
-0.04593126103281975,
0.0213294867426157,
0.003597398055717349,
-0.07604806125164032,
0.03120448812842369,
-0.024852827191352844,
0.02857278287410736,
0.05374743789434433,
0.009183196350932121,
0.05886998400092125,
-0.037596266716718674,
-0.2093806266784668,
0.005205802619457245,
-0.011779955588281155,
0.008065713569521904,
-0.027401307597756386,
-0.030502328649163246,
0.021074073389172554,
-0.016162827610969543,
-0.03137880563735962,
-0.06649955362081528,
0.00216022995300591,
0.024301446974277496,
0.046431392431259155,
-0.0046805115416646,
0.019139986485242844,
-0.01830628328025341,
0.016816701740026474,
-0.04587400332093239,
0.030186908319592476,
0.03751275688409805,
0.04976068437099457,
-0.03717663139104843,
0.006328245159238577,
-0.013615582138299942,
0.05020732060074806,
0.00031813327223062515,
0.06452412903308868,
0.03205682709813118,
0.04890727624297142,
0.005605228710919619,
-0.05088673532009125,
0.01451759785413742,
0.03835084289312363,
-0.09413818269968033,
0.08691833168268204,
0.0987231433391571,
0.016689930111169815,
-0.0003788532631006092,
-0.018023740500211716,
0.0588347390294075,
-0.007398885674774647,
-0.05259282514452934,
0.05929671227931976,
0.053911685943603516,
-0.03407712280750275,
0.02108302153646946,
-0.01311002392321825,
-0.0201809573918581,
-0.0023592838551849127,
0.0388774536550045,
-0.0073251258581876755,
-0.05775731801986694,
-0.027679547667503357,
0.01258854940533638,
-0.005638901609927416,
0.031021371483802795,
-0.021952347829937935,
0.045733772218227386,
-0.052053723484277725,
-0.04408789053559303,
-0.012721914798021317,
0.00951656885445118,
-0.07837477326393127,
-0.008766490034759045,
0.010264995507895947,
-0.08476849645376205,
0.0784018263220787,
0.07484207302331924,
-0.01948668621480465,
0.029552357271313667,
0.4066510796546936,
-0.04850252717733383,
0.05094461143016815,
-0.028592847287654877,
-0.021306514739990234,
0.05234268307685852,
-0.04369421303272247,
-0.02109454572200775,
-0.004623380023986101,
-0.02921503596007824,
0.030886201187968254,
0.016974864527583122,
-0.012724763713777065,
0.021027373149991035,
-0.05159810557961464,
-0.054945193231105804,
0.007838128134608269,
0.03133193776011467,
0.01794804260134697,
-0.010026848874986172,
0.02130061760544777,
-0.048215270042419434,
0.023730328306555748,
0.049202434718608856,
0.001576387439854443,
0.04540782794356346,
0.023573553189635277,
-0.008111835457384586,
0.10965730249881744,
0.08253303170204163,
0.01720993034541607,
0.05397281423211098,
0.04309839755296707,
0.01934104971587658,
-0.032384391874074936,
-0.05694827809929848,
-0.006626803893595934,
0.03463204205036163,
-0.011985445395112038,
0.027910510078072548,
0.024276547133922577,
-0.010813005268573761,
-0.07938629388809204,
-0.02895597741007805,
-0.06400029361248016,
-0.06208587437868118,
0.04628908261656761,
0.0001852774148574099,
-0.0057014962658286095,
-0.04692581668496132,
-0.024371620267629623,
-0.04468568414449692,
0.04174766689538956,
-0.020875653252005577,
0.015659337863326073,
-0.010333568789064884,
0.025810612365603447,
-0.06762900948524475,
0.01904737390577793,
0.022514112293720245,
-0.036510150879621506,
-0.07092083990573883,
0.0042704143561422825,
0.016162315383553505,
0.013106528669595718,
0.0018045820761471987,
0.037823401391506195,
0.014680331572890282,
0.03067648969590664,
0.00905801821500063,
0.010110177099704742,
-0.02103704959154129,
-0.01043094601482153,
0.003447021823376417,
-0.05061005800962448,
-0.004666423890739679,
0.013139105401933193,
0.03561738133430481,
0.04096470773220062,
0.0075190719217062,
0.03720294311642647,
0.052333857864141464,
0.01598253846168518,
-0.011548231355845928,
0.002463647862896323,
0.036026500165462494,
-0.016244471073150635,
-0.09849288314580917,
-0.027539292350411415,
-0.0372934564948082,
0.10481539368629456,
-0.04685938358306885,
-0.019261952489614487,
-0.014824912883341312,
0.013522881083190441,
-0.0006369242910295725,
-0.01808561012148857,
-0.027922090142965317,
-0.017031027004122734,
-0.008416516706347466,
-0.013175973668694496,
0.14518263936042786,
-0.00002053938078461215,
-0.044018205255270004,
0.04782060161232948,
0.050587985664606094,
0.029193168506026268,
0.062775619328022,
-0.00708923302590847,
0.041730549186468124,
-0.008982105180621147,
-0.0025392358656972647,
-0.011295518837869167,
-0.062421765178442,
-0.021811872720718384,
-0.061675675213336945,
-0.01571030728518963,
-0.009988473728299141,
-0.014231630600988865,
0.0442502498626709,
-0.021259326487779617,
0.021057695150375366,
-0.12769027054309845,
-0.035716112703084946,
-0.32099270820617676,
0.010963395237922668,
-0.01107749529182911,
-0.03536951169371605,
0.07209767401218414,
-0.00835023820400238,
0.04385063424706459,
0.005697246175259352,
0.014691789634525776,
-0.07208453863859177,
0.011535149067640305,
-0.007545989006757736,
-0.029738610610365868,
-0.07260045409202576,
-0.0084160715341568,
0.023646406829357147,
0.04816555231809616,
-0.02452222630381584,
0.001666271942667663,
0.05691327527165413,
-0.0042083305306732655,
-0.0035000774078071117,
-0.052770886570215225,
0.015892377123236656,
0.05047746002674103,
-0.0072320327162742615,
0.10046438872814178,
-0.021163929253816605,
-0.03303242847323418,
-0.005357753485441208,
0.016170689836144447,
0.01138118002563715,
-0.0007728638593107462,
-0.06512829661369324,
-0.027343153953552246,
0.0005744734080508351,
-0.03381574898958206,
-0.01934606395661831,
0.04183727130293846,
-0.010150356218218803,
-0.018004531040787697,
0.07070279866456985,
-0.07118120044469833,
-0.01803658902645111,
-0.036008890718221664,
-0.0046004182659089565,
-0.00179059780202806,
-0.021178733557462692,
-0.05491432175040245,
-0.03625006973743439,
0.03151794523000717,
-0.04128202795982361,
-0.018597526475787163,
-0.025643453001976013,
0.009453509002923965,
-0.04890037328004837,
-0.019093969836831093,
0.07134106010198593,
-0.018617836758494377,
-0.028168408200144768,
0.007537375204265118,
-0.030373986810445786,
0.006622960790991783,
0.01622563973069191,
0.01110947784036398,
-0.0059086913242936134,
0.05625876411795616,
-0.011839956976473331,
0.08032897859811783,
-0.04204144328832626,
0.03165150433778763,
0.07269811630249023,
-0.04514751583337784,
0.023875657469034195,
0.026941144838929176,
-0.0063339718617498875,
-0.0033652607817202806,
-0.007977682165801525,
-0.04399167746305466,
0.006076674442738295,
0.06715619564056396,
0.030545759946107864,
0.06485623121261597,
-0.008182956837117672,
-0.021482957527041435,
0.031214619055390358,
0.031169194728136063,
-0.019835839048027992,
0.03647991269826889,
0.025354158133268356,
-0.023504139855504036,
-0.02610613964498043,
0.0036555009428411722,
-0.01854601688683033,
0.057774338871240616,
0.08103305846452713,
-0.2732698619365692,
-0.0012351793702691793,
0.014853608794510365,
0.027982335537672043,
-0.0005412893369793892,
0.012300046160817146,
0.008784650824964046,
-0.05713240057229996,
-0.04844527319073677,
0.054032206535339355,
-0.054514508694410324,
0.0356660932302475,
0.039664074778556824,
0.0251583494246006,
-0.010391699150204659,
0.03969762846827507,
0.03287593647837639,
-0.0707198977470398,
-0.04356830567121506,
-0.006167454645037651,
0.006532613188028336,
-0.01438104547560215,
0.1807430535554886,
0.006788250058889389,
-0.0010994026670232415,
0.02813233807682991,
-0.017358878627419472,
0.03883656859397888,
-0.054298534989356995,
-0.008574115112423897,
0.016399165615439415,
-0.013643519952893257,
0.06224672868847847,
-0.037269312888383865,
-0.006924299988895655,
0.06310690939426422,
-0.027121100574731827,
-0.034576065838336945,
0.033699095249176025,
0.03543638437986374,
0.0420897975564003,
0.002735096262767911,
-0.031031403690576553,
-0.02132061868906021,
0.0831863135099411,
-0.011439504101872444,
-0.057971298694610596,
-0.012636921368539333,
-0.02215028926730156,
-0.00010022479546023533,
-0.012106949463486671,
-0.001826917752623558,
0.003366566728800535,
0.02347000502049923,
-0.03581574559211731,
0.000508216442540288,
-0.00595841882750392,
-0.006924232468008995,
-0.03834051266312599,
-0.021185869351029396,
0.045633021742105484,
-0.0009869610657915473,
-0.06142892315983772,
0.019442372024059296,
0.040727317333221436
] |
PMID:6474 | Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin. | The reaction between carboxyhemoglobin and reduced microperoxidase (MP): Hb4(CO)4 + 4MP=Hb4 + 4MPCO, recently reported by us, has been further studied. By generating species Hb4(CO), Hb4(CO)2, and Hb(CO)3 in the stopped flow cuvette by the reaction of dithionite with the species of the general formula Hb4(O2)x(CO)y(x + y=4) in the presence of microperoxidase it has been possible to determine the stepwise CO dissociation rate constants l4, l3, l2, and l1. The overall CO dissociation rate constant l, which is the same in this system as l4, is not affected by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. The activation energy of the reaction is 21,400 cal in 15-25 degrees range. The ratio deltal/deltapH is approximately 3 in 6.5 to 7.5 pH range. The kinetic data indicate that, compared to HbO2, the contribution to the cooperativity of the dissociation rate constants of carboxyhemoglobin is greatly reduced. The ligand-dependent differences in the reactions of Hb with CO, O2, and NO suggest that in the combination reactions the ligand plays an active role in the rate-limiting step. | Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin. The reaction between carboxyhemoglobin and reduced microperoxidase (MP): Hb4(CO)4 + 4MP=Hb4 + 4MPCO, recently reported by us, has been further studied. By generating species Hb4(CO), Hb4(CO)2, and Hb(CO)3 in the stopped flow cuvette by the reaction of dithionite with the species of the general formula Hb4(O2)x(CO)y(x + y=4) in the presence of microperoxidase it has been possible to determine the stepwise CO dissociation rate constants l4, l3, l2, and l1. The overall CO dissociation rate constant l, which is the same in this system as l4, is not affected by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. The activation energy of the reaction is 21,400 cal in 15-25 degrees range. The ratio deltal/deltapH is approximately 3 in 6.5 to 7.5 pH range. The kinetic data indicate that, compared to HbO2, the contribution to the cooperativity of the dissociation rate constants of carboxyhemoglobin is greatly reduced. The ligand-dependent differences in the reactions of Hb with CO, O2, and NO suggest that in the combination reactions the ligand plays an active role in the rate-limiting step. | [
-0.07385870069265366,
0.05159200355410576,
-0.000471145031042397,
0.047341689467430115,
0.01917150244116783,
-0.04852062836289406,
0.010997366160154343,
0.009950214996933937,
-0.07915186136960983,
-0.004816320724785328,
0.03216733783483505,
-0.07550764083862305,
-0.008850375190377235,
0.05039302632212639,
-0.016364507377147675,
-0.04500168561935425,
-0.017927048727869987,
-0.024355962872505188,
-0.06023319065570831,
0.012784107588231564,
-0.031511932611465454,
-0.0045047784224152565,
0.034491267055273056,
-0.03854842856526375,
0.02221614308655262,
0.024371838197112083,
-0.006266315001994371,
0.018302833661437035,
-0.08952414989471436,
-0.21712900698184967,
0.02013333886861801,
0.017925864085555077,
0.01626824028789997,
-0.016505276784300804,
-0.026339879259467125,
0.027728689834475517,
0.004612557124346495,
0.004382196813821793,
-0.06994679570198059,
0.03063087724149227,
0.016802119091153145,
0.01884285919368267,
0.03714187070727348,
0.021985724568367004,
-0.034338004887104034,
0.0009816009551286697,
-0.004050690680742264,
0.06564844399690628,
0.027013631537556648,
0.013225479982793331,
0.009064334444701672,
0.010511890985071659,
-0.04194602370262146,
0.011339563876390457,
0.01230611838400364,
0.03251853957772255,
-0.01275151688605547,
0.00332938926294446,
0.01391577534377575,
0.011051430366933346,
0.04611217603087425,
0.05969180539250374,
-0.13632884621620178,
0.01648600399494171,
0.13134606182575226,
0.023543359711766243,
0.024356380105018616,
-0.0399935320019722,
0.04129808023571968,
0.04477183148264885,
-0.06943786889314651,
0.0633535087108612,
0.03059176169335842,
-0.027729284018278122,
-0.0036199106834828854,
-0.003173958510160446,
-0.026911266148090363,
0.02637307345867157,
0.022242432460188866,
0.00846004206687212,
-0.08357712626457214,
0.02648131176829338,
-0.04297005385160446,
-0.08092959225177765,
-0.00896332785487175,
-0.024810615926980972,
0.006773477420210838,
-0.015196798369288445,
-0.03985341638326645,
-0.00007510790601372719,
-0.005197923630475998,
-0.08735738694667816,
0.015884269028902054,
0.02458152174949646,
-0.09683945029973984,
0.08270984143018723,
0.043809641152620316,
0.0005715132574550807,
0.00873977318406105,
0.38411685824394226,
-0.06242455169558525,
0.021599220111966133,
-0.07941294461488724,
-0.03128010779619217,
-0.005173276644200087,
-0.05888370797038078,
-0.059189338237047195,
-0.022729650139808655,
0.03018278069794178,
0.02554880827665329,
0.043001215904951096,
-0.011673130095005035,
0.061484064906835556,
-0.08898592740297318,
-0.04133455827832222,
0.013979938812553883,
0.01498756930232048,
0.02989508956670761,
-0.004035072401165962,
0.048349376767873764,
0.01712857186794281,
0.001389037468470633,
0.034370988607406616,
0.012797798030078411,
0.01626276597380638,
0.038850512355566025,
0.0024494968820363283,
0.06830081343650818,
0.08057491481304169,
0.017227178439497948,
0.04546212777495384,
0.045509498566389084,
-0.021966326981782913,
-0.028146296739578247,
-0.06107544153928757,
-0.03752962872385979,
0.047804318368434906,
-0.012318202294409275,
0.012165778316557407,
-0.005987846292555332,
-0.020272722467780113,
-0.018908580765128136,
-0.056166984140872955,
-0.078436478972435,
-0.05519632622599602,
0.056776732206344604,
0.0028660299722105265,
0.006777670234441757,
-0.013534889556467533,
-0.005136546678841114,
-0.02192864939570427,
0.04246096312999725,
-0.07807602733373642,
0.025445038452744484,
-0.050202835351228714,
0.05322406813502312,
-0.03937961161136627,
-0.02245982363820076,
0.023683814331889153,
0.022494159638881683,
-0.06194594129920006,
-0.012844481505453587,
0.009743076749145985,
0.07052233815193176,
0.019320163875818253,
-0.014847426675260067,
-0.015083985403180122,
0.0227093193680048,
0.029147813096642494,
0.002587144495919347,
-0.009938780218362808,
0.00800684466958046,
0.044354669749736786,
-0.05887966975569725,
0.047415830194950104,
0.041128870099782944,
0.02681967243552208,
0.059694238007068634,
-0.017250344157218933,
0.04739416018128395,
0.08531565964221954,
0.040530819445848465,
-0.036222174763679504,
0.05356482043862343,
0.026172708719968796,
0.004171464592218399,
-0.05072275176644325,
0.003906297031790018,
-0.03457247093319893,
0.05721417814493179,
-0.029575569555163383,
-0.02294706180691719,
-0.03964842110872269,
0.05589847266674042,
-0.03371914103627205,
-0.028195589780807495,
0.014902603812515736,
-0.05510420352220535,
0.010264459997415543,
-0.009731627069413662,
0.09999413043260574,
-0.02238079346716404,
0.0008332820143550634,
0.047912903130054474,
0.06461556255817413,
-0.0398213267326355,
0.016536125913262367,
0.03456583619117737,
0.05245702713727951,
-0.008189266547560692,
-0.022570587694644928,
-0.04625715687870979,
-0.07074233889579773,
-0.01163822878152132,
0.0029219582211226225,
-0.010262907482683659,
0.009623700752854347,
0.054146021604537964,
0.009427789598703384,
0.042633458971977234,
-0.0109543576836586,
-0.1142752543091774,
-0.056681402027606964,
-0.32562553882598877,
-0.01133815012872219,
0.0011637593852356076,
-0.037685222923755646,
0.039878059178590775,
-0.012999915517866611,
0.0259186290204525,
-0.001905536511912942,
-0.025510746985673904,
-0.03200652450323105,
0.0510760098695755,
0.03234938532114029,
-0.02821049839258194,
-0.06244650110602379,
0.006009520497173071,
0.022834602743387222,
0.04288819804787636,
-0.08484377712011337,
-0.0021300530061125755,
0.026830654591321945,
0.027320459485054016,
-0.0920131504535675,
-0.007556368131190538,
0.014154915697872639,
0.04702917858958244,
-0.02679922617971897,
0.09529385715723038,
-0.05387751758098602,
0.01809733547270298,
-0.00285528227686882,
-0.002349421614781022,
0.03136327490210533,
-0.022652659565210342,
-0.045771390199661255,
-0.040415845811367035,
-0.05070403218269348,
-0.029180271551012993,
-0.05406032130122185,
0.045238859951496124,
-0.017110947519540787,
-0.05040509253740311,
0.06217595189809799,
-0.001353111700154841,
-0.06721533834934235,
-0.009607476182281971,
0.006964194122701883,
-0.03330090269446373,
0.02519797906279564,
-0.011336506344377995,
0.0010709200287237763,
0.04668807238340378,
0.017758982256054878,
0.023449692875146866,
-0.04639115184545517,
-0.0033346230629831553,
0.022977175191044807,
-0.018093902617692947,
0.07274552434682846,
-0.06539712101221085,
-0.01900329440832138,
-0.026224372908473015,
-0.0431293249130249,
-0.05040378123521805,
0.04659121856093407,
0.015872998163104057,
-0.004383085761219263,
0.04070919007062912,
-0.030315935611724854,
0.0512569434940815,
0.025620538741350174,
0.043276138603687286,
0.08844036608934402,
-0.028117388486862183,
-0.012517159804701805,
0.05161295831203461,
0.0292262751609087,
-0.025001583620905876,
0.04494044929742813,
-0.060212571173906326,
-0.000822284899186343,
0.030093228444457054,
0.030657658353447914,
0.04843699559569359,
-0.026567367836833,
-0.0019135456532239914,
0.035531990230083466,
0.02366146445274353,
-0.02823209948837757,
-0.013871971517801285,
-0.0003479962470009923,
0.034320324659347534,
-0.02516677975654602,
-0.022973081097006798,
-0.0289101954549551,
-0.017754672095179558,
0.0313083752989769,
-0.24168144166469574,
-0.009700275957584381,
0.019497433677315712,
0.054618220776319504,
-0.029842063784599304,
-0.014378365129232407,
0.08708974719047546,
-0.0612468495965004,
-0.04042784124612808,
0.056102681905031204,
-0.039162177592515945,
0.05227498710155487,
0.03761205077171326,
0.0417882539331913,
0.01336272805929184,
0.08724310249090195,
-0.019691554829478264,
-0.0233627837151289,
-0.016924137249588966,
-0.002389706904068589,
-0.025410251691937447,
-0.014122016727924347,
0.13868939876556396,
0.023872846737504005,
0.007690304424613714,
0.047625832259655,
-0.007251270115375519,
0.05811262130737305,
-0.009763328358530998,
-0.011563769541680813,
0.013314791955053806,
-0.0065083615481853485,
0.07791038602590561,
-0.015132678672671318,
0.033621519804000854,
0.007305864244699478,
-0.022331666201353073,
0.0020086239092051983,
0.03560807555913925,
0.04215391352772713,
0.023963527753949165,
-0.03443646430969238,
-0.038138046860694885,
-0.05337006226181984,
0.04857124015688896,
-0.04954778403043747,
-0.04086116701364517,
-0.069956935942173,
-0.04906979575753212,
0.03456472232937813,
0.001547386054880917,
-0.019806331023573875,
0.03183279559016228,
0.01197378896176815,
0.010911834426224232,
0.001745536457747221,
-0.03539453074336052,
0.003797779558226466,
-0.015011399984359741,
0.02854878082871437,
0.0187761839479208,
0.04693599045276642,
-0.05729994922876358,
0.05716594308614731,
0.057157132774591446
] |
PMID:6475 | Adrenodoxin reductase. Properties of the complexes of reduced enzyme with NADP+ and NADPH. | Anaerobic reduction of the flavoprotein adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH yields a spectrum with long wavelength absorbance, 750 nm and higher. No EPR signal is observed. This spectrum is produced by titration of oxidized adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH, or of dithionite-reduced adrenodoxin reductase with NADP+. Both titrations yield a sharp endpoint at 1 NADP(H) added per flavin. Reduction with other reductants, including dithionite, excess NADH, and catalytic NADP+ with an NADPH generating system, yields a typical fully reduced flavin spectrum, without long wavelength absorbance. The species formed on NADPH reduction appears to be a two-electron-containing complex, with a low dissociation constant, between reduced adrenodoxin reductase and NADP+, designated ARH2-NADP+. Titration of dithionite-reduced adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH also produces a distinctive spectrum, with a sharp endpoint at 1 NADPH added per reduced flavin, indicating formation of a four-electron-containing complex between reduced adrenodoxin reductase and NADPH. Titration of adrenodoxin reductase with NADH, instead of NADPH, provides a curved titration plot rather than the sharp break seen with NADPH, and permits calculation of a potential for the AR/ARH2 couple of -0.291 V, close to that of NAD(P)H (-0.316 V). Oxidized adrenodoxin reductase binds NADP+ much more weakly (Kdiss=1.4 X 10(-5) M) than does reduced adrenodoxin reductase, with a single binding site. The preferential binding of NADP+ to reduced enzyme permits prediction of a more positive oxidation-reduction potential of the flavoprotein in the presence of NADP+; a change of about + 0.1 V has been demonstrated by titration with safranine T. From this alteration in potential, a Kdiss of 1.0 X 10(-8) M for binding of NADP+ to reduced adrenodoxin reductase is calculated. It is concluded that the strong binding of NADP+ to reduced adrenodoxin reductase provides the thermodynamic driving force for formation of a fully reduced flavoprotein form under conditions wherein incomplete reduction would otherwise be expected. Stopped flow studies demonstrate that reduction of adrenodoxin reductase by equimolar NADPH to form the ARH2-NADP+ complex is first order (k=28 s-1). When a large excess of NADPH is used, a second apparently first order process is observed (k=4.25 s-1), which is interpreted as replacement of NADPH for NADP+ in the ARH2-NADP+ complex. Comparison of these rate constants to catalytic flavin turnover numbers for reduction of various oxidants by NADPH, suggests an ordered sequential mechanism in which reduction of oxidant is accomplished by the ARH2-NADP+ complex, followed by dissociation of NADP+. The absolute dependence of NADPH-cytochrome c reduction on both adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin is confirmed... | Adrenodoxin reductase. Properties of the complexes of reduced enzyme with NADP+ and NADPH. Anaerobic reduction of the flavoprotein adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH yields a spectrum with long wavelength absorbance, 750 nm and higher. No EPR signal is observed. This spectrum is produced by titration of oxidized adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH, or of dithionite-reduced adrenodoxin reductase with NADP+. Both titrations yield a sharp endpoint at 1 NADP(H) added per flavin. Reduction with other reductants, including dithionite, excess NADH, and catalytic NADP+ with an NADPH generating system, yields a typical fully reduced flavin spectrum, without long wavelength absorbance. The species formed on NADPH reduction appears to be a two-electron-containing complex, with a low dissociation constant, between reduced adrenodoxin reductase and NADP+, designated ARH2-NADP+. Titration of dithionite-reduced adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH also produces a distinctive spectrum, with a sharp endpoint at 1 NADPH added per reduced flavin, indicating formation of a four-electron-containing complex between reduced adrenodoxin reductase and NADPH. Titration of adrenodoxin reductase with NADH, instead of NADPH, provides a curved titration plot rather than the sharp break seen with NADPH, and permits calculation of a potential for the AR/ARH2 couple of -0.291 V, close to that of NAD(P)H (-0.316 V). Oxidized adrenodoxin reductase binds NADP+ much more weakly (Kdiss=1.4 X 10(-5) M) than does reduced adrenodoxin reductase, with a single binding site. The preferential binding of NADP+ to reduced enzyme permits prediction of a more positive oxidation-reduction potential of the flavoprotein in the presence of NADP+; a change of about + 0.1 V has been demonstrated by titration with safranine T. From this alteration in potential, a Kdiss of 1.0 X 10(-8) M for binding of NADP+ to reduced adrenodoxin reductase is calculated. It is concluded that the strong binding of NADP+ to reduced adrenodoxin reductase provides the thermodynamic driving force for formation of a fully reduced flavoprotein form under conditions wherein incomplete reduction would otherwise be expected. Stopped flow studies demonstrate that reduction of adrenodoxin reductase by equimolar NADPH to form the ARH2-NADP+ complex is first order (k=28 s-1). When a large excess of NADPH is used, a second apparently first order process is observed (k=4.25 s-1), which is interpreted as replacement of NADPH for NADP+ in the ARH2-NADP+ complex. Comparison of these rate constants to catalytic flavin turnover numbers for reduction of various oxidants by NADPH, suggests an ordered sequential mechanism in which reduction of oxidant is accomplished by the ARH2-NADP+ complex, followed by dissociation of NADP+. The absolute dependence of NADPH-cytochrome c reduction on both adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin is confirmed... | [
-0.08330540359020233,
0.011429529637098312,
-0.05043124780058861,
0.10062851756811142,
0.04013551026582718,
-0.01034892350435257,
0.03509525954723358,
0.04394654929637909,
0.010400993749499321,
-0.04191797226667404,
0.012961183674633503,
-0.07299178093671799,
0.028512412682175636,
0.03009663335978985,
-0.08338102698326111,
-0.03131300210952759,
0.0317351408302784,
-0.0008093483047559857,
-0.033374570310115814,
-0.018389521166682243,
-0.026930561289191246,
0.03673652186989784,
-0.007449341006577015,
0.00316947721876204,
0.08543553948402405,
0.01479578111320734,
-0.004497843328863382,
-0.03591624274849892,
-0.07179112732410431,
-0.21328313648700714,
0.037508804351091385,
-0.03713436797261238,
0.021538354456424713,
-0.013079795055091381,
-0.008962595835328102,
0.028577610850334167,
-0.010220339521765709,
0.009794273413717747,
-0.08201880753040314,
0.024728918448090553,
0.09231722354888916,
0.006883850321173668,
0.00264565646648407,
0.051795437932014465,
0.007158278021961451,
0.025330301374197006,
-0.05886164680123329,
0.026608748361468315,
0.060165103524923325,
-0.07161495834589005,
-0.019716141745448112,
0.014131628908216953,
-0.0197046659886837,
0.06282126158475876,
0.0658193826675415,
-0.035655677318573,
0.022278470918536186,
0.04984518513083458,
-0.042293090373277664,
-0.009007853455841541,
-0.006809894926846027,
0.02905598096549511,
-0.12491238117218018,
0.013698708266019821,
0.05491448938846588,
-0.0006100543541833758,
-0.0013669382315129042,
-0.0439424104988575,
0.02989143505692482,
-0.018677128478884697,
-0.025179242715239525,
0.04128282144665718,
-0.0232002604752779,
-0.037957563996315,
0.031238978728652,
-0.025251876562833786,
-0.02430647425353527,
-0.03657336160540581,
0.02295202575623989,
-0.0505184568464756,
0.02110418491065502,
0.0036285670939832926,
-0.03795686364173889,
-0.022882340475916862,
0.0632365271449089,
0.06875403225421906,
0.04072985798120499,
-0.06870397925376892,
0.01033378578722477,
0.038944948464632034,
0.017648430541157722,
-0.06095575541257858,
0.02631405182182789,
0.0015554529381915927,
-0.08263750374317169,
0.007928743027150631,
0.025943294167518616,
0.010800771415233612,
0.009470014832913876,
0.33869045972824097,
-0.00019751342188101262,
0.0014966115122660995,
-0.076996810734272,
-0.05097753182053566,
-0.00316559593193233,
-0.06766094267368317,
-0.019436201080679893,
-0.00809573009610176,
0.022383393719792366,
0.03887508064508438,
0.005960055626928806,
-0.04073052108287811,
0.004347286652773619,
-0.06475979834794998,
-0.034141410142183304,
0.024238985031843185,
-0.03091534972190857,
0.03186797350645065,
-0.05474253371357918,
0.047381021082401276,
0.025280514732003212,
-0.034250177443027496,
0.031077921390533447,
0.04100227355957031,
0.06098778545856476,
0.0031175226904451847,
0.025388114154338837,
0.08221758902072906,
0.06282923370599747,
0.057720985263586044,
0.012665770947933197,
0.026195619255304337,
-0.03613876923918724,
-0.008758249692618847,
0.03214467689394951,
0.014690225012600422,
0.06610408425331116,
-0.032320331782102585,
-0.016028326004743576,
0.008479701355099678,
-0.04412469267845154,
-0.03754865378141403,
-0.05338899418711662,
-0.020395101979374886,
-0.0631687194108963,
0.06926698237657547,
0.014019479043781757,
0.012112138792872429,
-0.00035014416789636016,
-0.051354069262742996,
0.0062330421060323715,
0.07230851799249649,
-0.03600327670574188,
0.02301311120390892,
0.014435763470828533,
0.07861602306365967,
-0.01884543150663376,
-0.014517086558043957,
0.0026846257969737053,
-0.0155947832390666,
-0.09591469168663025,
-0.04122251272201538,
-0.004838643129914999,
0.10736633837223053,
0.021994270384311676,
-0.033350445330142975,
-0.02444276213645935,
0.04507460072636604,
0.0206909216940403,
0.00759474653750658,
0.0020057831425219774,
-0.03796127438545227,
0.03488245606422424,
-0.04592053219676018,
0.0026100208051502705,
0.013190152123570442,
0.010333724319934845,
0.01832706108689308,
0.04028455168008804,
-0.05444539338350296,
0.012364319525659084,
-0.011268030852079391,
0.00855560228228569,
0.05073186010122299,
0.03455031290650368,
0.04724413529038429,
0.0189385786652565,
0.05694735795259476,
-0.02885514125227928,
0.05249681696295738,
-0.023675337433815002,
0.00788180623203516,
-0.06959256529808044,
0.01781758852303028,
-0.04799051210284233,
-0.03718327358365059,
0.004727744963020086,
0.027585575357079506,
0.019498411566019058,
0.023409442976117134,
0.12851737439632416,
0.02328748069703579,
0.02784692496061325,
-0.0005393330939114094,
-0.052542656660079956,
0.06770215183496475,
0.018125124275684357,
0.05673404037952423,
0.02821897156536579,
0.034357842057943344,
-0.04916844516992569,
0.03948282077908516,
-0.025151623412966728,
0.037339407950639725,
-0.0401761494576931,
0.0021795928478240967,
-0.01888059265911579,
-0.037167664617300034,
0.010805252008140087,
0.008139676414430141,
-0.005338537041097879,
-0.051130540668964386,
-0.04225464165210724,
-0.3043886125087738,
0.022027479484677315,
0.028487425297498703,
-0.03425139933824539,
0.042888518422842026,
-0.020999588072299957,
0.0056518809869885445,
0.004965593107044697,
0.00960603915154934,
-0.02026924304664135,
0.057695675641298294,
0.006925215013325214,
-0.03204262629151344,
-0.07411182671785355,
-0.000700041651725769,
0.06417098641395569,
-0.008055562153458595,
-0.09147503972053528,
-0.013616962358355522,
0.0031603991519659758,
-0.006346271373331547,
0.02004910074174404,
0.008048506453633308,
0.023682663217186928,
0.02423970028758049,
-0.02150488831102848,
0.09466786682605743,
0.02015373483300209,
-0.004914791788905859,
0.01175236701965332,
-0.00044540592352859676,
0.04603961110115051,
-0.062980055809021,
-0.05437428131699562,
-0.04659026488661766,
0.01683189533650875,
-0.009123055264353752,
-0.05983780324459076,
0.02464316599071026,
-0.0022088587284088135,
0.0087655670940876,
0.05398217588663101,
-0.019109053537249565,
-0.0810861587524414,
-0.04227660596370697,
-0.018633803352713585,
-0.009453925304114819,
-0.005808326415717602,
0.019576506689190865,
0.02521139197051525,
0.02313842810690403,
0.020024951547384262,
0.08509121090173721,
-0.05531846731901169,
0.03740089386701584,
0.005357506684958935,
-0.06878094375133514,
0.03607890382409096,
-0.04343928024172783,
-0.04325425997376442,
0.016306430101394653,
0.005953701213002205,
-0.0169530026614666,
0.020522914826869965,
0.049310021102428436,
0.04320235922932625,
0.0021182484924793243,
-0.010865965858101845,
0.04054762050509453,
0.006860466208308935,
0.017729928717017174,
0.10592057555913925,
-0.01917712576687336,
0.015727777034044266,
0.06432925909757614,
0.042381901293992996,
-0.10244083404541016,
-0.0031482805497944355,
-0.021148620173335075,
0.08234579116106033,
-0.03288264572620392,
-0.0018614891450852156,
0.05026436969637871,
-0.00823523011058569,
-0.02050170488655567,
-0.0036206103395670652,
0.043211646378040314,
-0.00624952744692564,
0.019878411665558815,
0.033328477293252945,
0.01216826867312193,
-0.003470110008493066,
0.050510622560977936,
-0.03941097483038902,
0.018593426793813705,
0.032351166009902954,
-0.27318909764289856,
-0.027226600795984268,
0.010354116559028625,
0.018086811527609825,
-0.06541325151920319,
0.07856794446706772,
0.03271440789103508,
-0.0318722128868103,
-0.027917681261897087,
0.0057254633866250515,
-0.013986998237669468,
0.013989025726914406,
0.052231233566999435,
0.03256966918706894,
-0.031163299456238747,
0.026201574131846428,
0.007755018305033445,
-0.029365606606006622,
-0.03881203010678291,
-0.0299835205078125,
0.012278497219085693,
-0.018422402441501617,
0.14453984797000885,
-0.07445007562637329,
-0.052155639976263046,
0.06443672627210617,
0.017613597214221954,
0.05585690960288048,
-0.06496325880289078,
0.010697446763515472,
0.027312053367495537,
-0.00014704433851875365,
0.027969416230916977,
-0.06006115302443504,
0.023728270083665848,
0.06348861753940582,
-0.03183819353580475,
0.0067250351421535015,
-0.0016748420894145966,
0.003751537064090371,
-0.0036742123775184155,
-0.023034444078803062,
-0.11686000227928162,
-0.07338228076696396,
0.06860432028770447,
-0.10418274998664856,
-0.09301867336034775,
0.013656267896294594,
-0.008215433917939663,
0.024556806311011314,
-0.062490321695804596,
-0.01530485413968563,
0.042747240513563156,
0.052814651280641556,
-0.020763104781508446,
-0.042559362947940826,
-0.019484955817461014,
-0.009755916893482208,
0.05637145787477493,
-0.03274435177445412,
0.0028000809252262115,
-0.006053653080016375,
-0.061654943972826004,
0.06478841602802277,
0.03646530210971832
] |
PMID:6476 | A transition state analog of lysozyme catalysis prepared from the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide. | Treatment of the cell wall tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc with alkali resulted in the formation of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen. The same compound was also formed by transglycosylation upon incubation of the unmodified tetrasaccharide with the unsaturated disaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen (Tipper, D. J. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 1441-1449) and hen egg white lysozyme. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide was further characterized by paper electrophoresis, amino sugar analysis, and NMR. From NMR analysis it is concluded that the delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen at the reducing end of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide has a half-chair conformation. This conformation is similar to the one proposed for the sugar at subsite D in the lysozyme-substrate complex in the transition state. Addition of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide to a solution of hen egg white lysozyme quenched the fluorescence of the enzyme and shifted the fluorescence maximum to the blue, similar to the effect produced by the parent compound. The association constant of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide and lysozyme was measured at pH 6.0 and 24 degrees by spectrofluorimetry and microcalorimetry and found to be 1.45 X 10(5) M-1 and 2.5 X 10(5) M-1, respectively. The average value is 100 times higher than that found for the binding of unmodified tetrasaccharide to the enzyme under the same conditions. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide proved to be a better inhibitor of the lysis of Micrococcus luteus cells than the parent compound by a factor of 35. These results support the hypothesis that the active site of the enzyme is constructed so as to bind the transition state for the reaction it catalyzes more firmly than the substrate itself. | A transition state analog of lysozyme catalysis prepared from the bacterial cell wall tetrasaccharide. Treatment of the cell wall tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc with alkali resulted in the formation of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-MurNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen. The same compound was also formed by transglycosylation upon incubation of the unmodified tetrasaccharide with the unsaturated disaccharide GlcNAc-beta(1 leads to 4)-delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen (Tipper, D. J. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 1441-1449) and hen egg white lysozyme. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide was further characterized by paper electrophoresis, amino sugar analysis, and NMR. From NMR analysis it is concluded that the delta2,3-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseen at the reducing end of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide has a half-chair conformation. This conformation is similar to the one proposed for the sugar at subsite D in the lysozyme-substrate complex in the transition state. Addition of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide to a solution of hen egg white lysozyme quenched the fluorescence of the enzyme and shifted the fluorescence maximum to the blue, similar to the effect produced by the parent compound. The association constant of the unsaturated tetrasaccharide and lysozyme was measured at pH 6.0 and 24 degrees by spectrofluorimetry and microcalorimetry and found to be 1.45 X 10(5) M-1 and 2.5 X 10(5) M-1, respectively. The average value is 100 times higher than that found for the binding of unmodified tetrasaccharide to the enzyme under the same conditions. The unsaturated tetrasaccharide proved to be a better inhibitor of the lysis of Micrococcus luteus cells than the parent compound by a factor of 35. These results support the hypothesis that the active site of the enzyme is constructed so as to bind the transition state for the reaction it catalyzes more firmly than the substrate itself. | [
-0.05725450441241264,
-0.044858820736408234,
-0.021034792065620422,
0.027912242338061333,
0.04342461749911308,
0.009199277497828007,
0.031127244234085083,
0.023285651579499245,
-0.012614946812391281,
-0.0015619860496371984,
0.041187677532434464,
-0.08187933266162872,
-0.01969350129365921,
0.0037989583797752857,
-0.03811396658420563,
-0.04105907306075096,
-0.043051812797784805,
0.025550780817866325,
-0.03251468762755394,
0.011749752797186375,
0.05726315453648567,
-0.0339214988052845,
0.04413581266999245,
0.03169902786612511,
0.05536375939846039,
0.045421551913022995,
0.014849559403955936,
0.04119613394141197,
-0.03293139860033989,
-0.21723154187202454,
-0.05697784945368767,
-0.027083149179816246,
0.02353995479643345,
-0.007990598678588867,
0.04248197749257088,
0.002031889744102955,
-0.016891172155737877,
0.006262161303311586,
-0.0328691303730011,
0.01197966281324625,
0.03500150144100189,
0.012288236990571022,
-0.024105703458189964,
-0.027209434658288956,
0.015407659113407135,
-0.06413619220256805,
-0.05424226447939873,
0.0007028805557638407,
0.041102711111307144,
0.059678878635168076,
-0.06331028044223785,
0.03364462032914162,
0.010814974084496498,
0.043941572308540344,
-0.014243943616747856,
0.03439079225063324,
-0.024156255647540092,
0.013642018660902977,
0.019012244418263435,
-0.032469917088747025,
0.014002840034663677,
0.03385273739695549,
-0.123530313372612,
0.056877825409173965,
0.06794586032629013,
-0.012073914520442486,
-0.01074735727161169,
0.017152849584817886,
0.05945263430476189,
0.05136159062385559,
-0.05134683847427368,
0.012242889031767845,
0.009374413639307022,
0.009684626944363117,
0.02096823789179325,
-0.03473913297057152,
0.03275434300303459,
0.02972174622118473,
0.04100096970796585,
0.024487273767590523,
-0.008480468764901161,
0.020250285044312477,
0.022797130048274994,
-0.017178473994135857,
-0.054932110011577606,
-0.002284904709085822,
0.02138218656182289,
-0.05269864946603775,
0.06057202070951462,
0.017465373501181602,
-0.0004657462995965034,
-0.003228147979825735,
-0.03983394056558609,
-0.020503539592027664,
-0.11315187066793442,
0.025869116187095642,
0.014183787629008293,
-0.0009846283355727792,
0.07876386493444443,
0.4215317964553833,
-0.06542333215475082,
0.0013857320882380009,
-0.019910816103219986,
-0.03147687017917633,
-0.0034627094864845276,
-0.07126942276954651,
-0.009473619051277637,
0.015724170953035355,
0.00005775195313617587,
0.03367812931537628,
0.07149184495210648,
-0.02321462519466877,
0.043269380927085876,
0.004899905528873205,
-0.03843090310692787,
-0.019357705488801003,
0.010765614919364452,
-0.006210137624293566,
-0.03663524240255356,
0.039415355771780014,
-0.029223142191767693,
-0.0016389951342716813,
0.02445085719227791,
-0.03201000392436981,
0.009758584201335907,
0.034426555037498474,
-0.003578239120543003,
0.0802629292011261,
0.028354093432426453,
-0.009436321444809437,
0.053860001266002655,
0.09612646698951721,
0.05239373818039894,
-0.018712911754846573,
0.011011024005711079,
0.01988166943192482,
-0.02517622709274292,
0.006131663918495178,
0.02132050134241581,
0.014805532060563564,
-0.038827527314424515,
-0.008472350426018238,
0.0017265034839510918,
-0.03632073476910591,
-0.011030535213649273,
0.013952992856502533,
-0.008277595974504948,
-0.025354420766234398,
-0.02865832857787609,
0.02094532549381256,
0.07416004687547684,
0.04418187960982323,
-0.03691447526216507,
0.0035768351517617702,
-0.014300152659416199,
0.07783635705709457,
0.006424355320632458,
-0.04811021685600281,
0.009424058720469475,
0.014941804111003876,
-0.04267838969826698,
0.0028344530146569014,
0.013526990078389645,
0.03750651702284813,
0.02778979204595089,
-0.019959069788455963,
0.007279031444340944,
-0.007144471164792776,
-0.011624610982835293,
-0.04783295840024948,
-0.011866635642945766,
-0.022632377222180367,
0.0014849078143015504,
-0.04236798360943794,
-0.0071085612289607525,
0.051554229110479355,
-0.008332469500601292,
-0.0012545821955427527,
0.011288403533399105,
0.020058954134583473,
0.051429130136966705,
-0.027326833456754684,
-0.03298207372426987,
0.05563146993517876,
0.0470103956758976,
-0.019031371921300888,
-0.013133367523550987,
0.03117690421640873,
-0.040709663182497025,
-0.001199874677695334,
-0.03291745483875275,
-0.0027050196658819914,
-0.1307002753019333,
0.06622003763914108,
-0.01834753341972828,
-0.024570783600211143,
-0.04183952137827873,
0.011379659175872803,
0.05401017144322395,
-0.03151571378111839,
0.11419938504695892,
-0.019566403701901436,
-0.011069522239267826,
0.0980798676609993,
0.042743980884552,
0.008690671995282173,
0.049150120466947556,
0.010409411042928696,
0.003500022692605853,
0.0189567431807518,
-0.03125332295894623,
0.003971937112510204,
-0.061342500150203705,
0.0006264477269724011,
-0.056247591972351074,
0.016233820468187332,
0.026687990874052048,
0.0012543885968625546,
0.025533419102430344,
-0.01940472424030304,
0.023243963718414307,
-0.04770103842020035,
-0.062000572681427,
-0.30484166741371155,
-0.03720216080546379,
-0.01389162428677082,
-0.00254096114076674,
0.045898959040641785,
-0.052249956876039505,
-0.007082569878548384,
0.005520735401660204,
0.027424801141023636,
-0.04602453112602234,
0.053094133734703064,
0.04986930638551712,
-0.05330191180109978,
-0.047648414969444275,
0.0022076547611504793,
0.026596294716000557,
0.024090124294161797,
-0.045777495950460434,
0.026797881349921227,
0.008233834989368916,
0.04242686182260513,
-0.0571775808930397,
0.0014170812210068107,
-0.01843353733420372,
-0.006483178120106459,
-0.020658224821090698,
0.12118121236562729,
0.023879949003458023,
0.02062050811946392,
0.02059982344508171,
-0.00806115660816431,
0.07663365453481674,
-0.03428838774561882,
-0.08240547776222229,
-0.0026441537775099277,
0.031461603939533234,
-0.011442568153142929,
-0.048702359199523926,
0.033842675387859344,
-0.06666134297847748,
-0.012234736233949661,
0.017500629648566246,
-0.024513674899935722,
-0.05644047260284424,
-0.03199521079659462,
-0.013810664415359497,
-0.03369905799627304,
0.028535915538668633,
0.040354300290346146,
-0.015799006447196007,
0.009230458177626133,
-0.027511121705174446,
0.04499850794672966,
0.010030414909124374,
-0.043712981045246124,
0.005141181405633688,
0.02481180615723133,
-0.024999160319566727,
-0.026475274935364723,
-0.02587291970849037,
-0.021015530452132225,
-0.014012496918439865,
-0.03187764436006546,
0.07455837726593018,
-0.00022163786343298852,
-0.04155898094177246,
0.01559835858643055,
-0.0446920245885849,
0.026413874700665474,
-0.00807157065719366,
0.002712985733523965,
0.07763077318668365,
-0.055691804736852646,
-0.00508446991443634,
0.06255940347909927,
0.09452179074287415,
-0.030253635719418526,
-0.05584279075264931,
-0.15863865613937378,
0.01901501789689064,
0.006193394307047129,
0.02586985193192959,
0.053281597793102264,
-0.04738102853298187,
0.027747469022870064,
-0.029750371351838112,
0.028414670377969742,
-0.037424053996801376,
0.01584751531481743,
0.04871431738138199,
0.01438687089830637,
-0.006935539655387402,
-0.03651902824640274,
-0.05162739008665085,
0.047020308673381805,
0.00974233727902174,
-0.2533802092075348,
0.014332633465528488,
0.01599784567952156,
0.05121390148997307,
-0.022624868899583817,
0.002968546701595187,
0.062330424785614014,
-0.021006807684898376,
-0.04326865077018738,
0.04385874792933464,
0.0074180252850055695,
0.022187434136867523,
0.09805219620466232,
0.016378652304410934,
-0.023426709696650505,
0.012419044971466064,
0.03060268424451351,
-0.02163875289261341,
0.03561881557106972,
-0.02703683078289032,
0.006119553465396166,
-0.017154378816485405,
0.17418581247329712,
0.035924989730119705,
-0.01785140112042427,
0.0579247921705246,
0.008054791018366814,
0.07065411657094955,
0.012868770398199558,
0.01499332394450903,
-0.012094252742826939,
0.059023164212703705,
0.0853644534945488,
-0.05441870167851448,
0.007321624085307121,
0.031648509204387665,
-0.03282308578491211,
-0.03786419704556465,
-0.01751970313489437,
0.045100949704647064,
0.023600585758686066,
0.019146837294101715,
-0.03990735858678818,
0.015428083017468452,
0.04814653471112251,
-0.07705642282962799,
0.011268301866948605,
-0.04435647279024124,
-0.029756717383861542,
-0.035445913672447205,
-0.016475630924105644,
-0.04158568009734154,
-0.019747385755181313,
0.035335950553417206,
-0.02582809515297413,
-0.05763087421655655,
-0.07639612257480621,
-0.03755228966474533,
-0.05441785231232643,
-0.013054542243480682,
-0.006452151108533144,
-0.026952678337693214,
-0.03896432742476463,
0.054698191583156586,
0.0030611553229391575
] |
PMID:6477 | The study of 1-electron equivalent oxidation-reduction reactions by fast pulse generation of reagents. Cytochrome c/ferri-ferrocyanide system. | The method of pulse radiolysis was used to generate reagents in situ in times (500 ns to 1.5 mus) short compared with the rates of the observed biochemical processes. This "instant" mixing technique is compared with rapid stopped flow measurements (limited in rates and concentrations) and T-jump measurements (limited to relaxation in the neighborhood of equilibrium) for the ferro-ferricytochrome c (C(II)-C(III))/ferro-ferricyanide (FCN(II)-FCN(III)) system. The reagents generated in situ were C(II) or FCN(III). Kinetically indistinguishable binding sites exist on C(II) and C(III) for hexacyanide anions. Reductive electron transfer to the protein proceeds within the FCN(II)-C(III) complex, with a rate of 400 s-1. The binding of FCN(II) on C(II) slows down the oxidation of C(II) by FCN(III). The sites of interaction on C(II) or C(III) with FCN(III) show effective charges of approximately +2. The association constant per binding site derived from the kinetics of electron transfer is greater than or equal to 10(4) M-1 for FCN(II)-C(II) and less than or equal to 10(4) M-1 for FCN(III)-C(III). Specific clusters of amino acids in the model of cytochrome C are suggested as binding sites. The oxidation-reduction reactions of FCN appear to involve electron equivalent transfer to and from such somewhat remote binding sites on the protein. Anions such as phosphate or sulphate also bind to these, less strongly than hexacyanides. In the presence of perchlorate the kinetics show the resolution of the pK=9.3 of C(III) into two parts: (a) optical changes at 695 nm due to ligand interchange on the heme-iron, unaffected by perchlorate and (b), a kinetic change leading to biphasic oxidation of C(II), with pK=7.4. This is attributed to the effect of perchlorate on water structure in the close environment of the binding sites. The high rate of oxidation of relaxed C(II) by FCN(III), (2 X 10(8) M-1 S-1 at mu=0) is not in agreement with an outer sphere Marcus mechanism. Nonrelaxed C(II) having a structure closer to C(III) transfers electron to FCN(III) even faster (k=3 X 10(9) M-1 S-1 at mu=0). | The study of 1-electron equivalent oxidation-reduction reactions by fast pulse generation of reagents. Cytochrome c/ferri-ferrocyanide system. The method of pulse radiolysis was used to generate reagents in situ in times (500 ns to 1.5 mus) short compared with the rates of the observed biochemical processes. This "instant" mixing technique is compared with rapid stopped flow measurements (limited in rates and concentrations) and T-jump measurements (limited to relaxation in the neighborhood of equilibrium) for the ferro-ferricytochrome c (C(II)-C(III))/ferro-ferricyanide (FCN(II)-FCN(III)) system. The reagents generated in situ were C(II) or FCN(III). Kinetically indistinguishable binding sites exist on C(II) and C(III) for hexacyanide anions. Reductive electron transfer to the protein proceeds within the FCN(II)-C(III) complex, with a rate of 400 s-1. The binding of FCN(II) on C(II) slows down the oxidation of C(II) by FCN(III). The sites of interaction on C(II) or C(III) with FCN(III) show effective charges of approximately +2. The association constant per binding site derived from the kinetics of electron transfer is greater than or equal to 10(4) M-1 for FCN(II)-C(II) and less than or equal to 10(4) M-1 for FCN(III)-C(III). Specific clusters of amino acids in the model of cytochrome C are suggested as binding sites. The oxidation-reduction reactions of FCN appear to involve electron equivalent transfer to and from such somewhat remote binding sites on the protein. Anions such as phosphate or sulphate also bind to these, less strongly than hexacyanides. In the presence of perchlorate the kinetics show the resolution of the pK=9.3 of C(III) into two parts: (a) optical changes at 695 nm due to ligand interchange on the heme-iron, unaffected by perchlorate and (b), a kinetic change leading to biphasic oxidation of C(II), with pK=7.4. This is attributed to the effect of perchlorate on water structure in the close environment of the binding sites. The high rate of oxidation of relaxed C(II) by FCN(III), (2 X 10(8) M-1 S-1 at mu=0) is not in agreement with an outer sphere Marcus mechanism. Nonrelaxed C(II) having a structure closer to C(III) transfers electron to FCN(III) even faster (k=3 X 10(9) M-1 S-1 at mu=0). | [
-0.09099623560905457,
0.054449137300252914,
-0.042319364845752716,
0.028390120714902878,
0.04095961153507233,
-0.01029936969280243,
0.04733185097575188,
0.01865050196647644,
-0.03300172835588455,
-0.006641010288149118,
0.012942337431013584,
-0.048063334077596664,
0.032147105783224106,
0.036963000893592834,
-0.047419022768735886,
0.0100266607478261,
-0.027639688923954964,
-0.02004152536392212,
-0.05530937761068344,
0.02846083790063858,
-0.04475007951259613,
-0.02761141024529934,
0.02361486479640007,
0.009290337562561035,
0.06830619275569916,
0.060852862894535065,
-0.0020762328058481216,
-0.00013446105003822595,
-0.05267765372991562,
-0.22550663352012634,
0.008481476455926895,
-0.027603302150964737,
0.018053902313113213,
0.01093257311731577,
-0.0005441850516945124,
0.007961598224937916,
-0.0049193245358765125,
-0.038077857345342636,
-0.047702718526124954,
0.05935811996459961,
0.06469313055276871,
0.038982976227998734,
0.022713741287589073,
0.04707717522978783,
0.00283338432200253,
0.014243983663618565,
-0.01560408715158701,
0.020530277863144875,
0.03313904628157616,
-0.01413662638515234,
0.034458525478839874,
-0.00022873966372571886,
0.007215168327093124,
0.0026845023967325687,
-0.00010676340025383979,
0.0324881412088871,
0.04253223538398743,
0.06289263069629669,
0.03737084940075874,
-0.011925219558179379,
0.0009983269264921546,
0.06361956149339676,
-0.12200187146663666,
0.05090080574154854,
0.07270871847867966,
0.00985563825815916,
0.007804402615875006,
-0.09352611750364304,
0.06008879840373993,
0.04920592159032822,
-0.10283093899488449,
-0.004357866942882538,
-0.041254520416259766,
0.004585968796163797,
-0.0020726381335407495,
-0.04437224566936493,
-0.001655101077631116,
-0.015011535957455635,
0.0659831240773201,
-0.02753020077943802,
-0.019991019740700722,
0.025647958740592003,
0.0046928152441978455,
-0.05105627700686455,
0.05929344519972801,
0.04214582219719887,
0.01359519362449646,
0.02415606938302517,
-0.02651328593492508,
0.0562998466193676,
-0.010757757350802422,
-0.08057946711778641,
0.02352687530219555,
-0.0013931498397141695,
-0.09333975613117218,
-0.011309074237942696,
0.021270528435707092,
0.02637489326298237,
-0.0098049221560359,
0.38553404808044434,
-0.023603366687893867,
0.046283889561891556,
-0.017091790214180946,
-0.0382114052772522,
0.019601793959736824,
-0.060703717172145844,
-0.02314789965748787,
-0.029680758714675903,
-0.0009572323178872466,
0.004407000262290239,
0.0025219800882041454,
-0.0018816853407770395,
-0.01620546728372574,
-0.08548075705766678,
-0.03839437663555145,
0.05625976249575615,
0.01617061160504818,
0.00935420487076044,
-0.026854928582906723,
0.036879461258649826,
-0.014109292067587376,
0.017931731417775154,
0.0021817993838340044,
0.011924679391086102,
0.027443842962384224,
-0.008646473288536072,
-0.02206212654709816,
0.07183831930160522,
0.04289139807224274,
0.0673871859908104,
0.06350284814834595,
0.014238648116588593,
0.002817887580022216,
0.020859822630882263,
-0.03657346963882446,
0.03125324845314026,
0.011464904062449932,
-0.05884111672639847,
0.0017888465663418174,
0.03177456185221672,
-0.00469779409468174,
-0.02177811600267887,
-0.04655744135379791,
-0.07166703045368195,
-0.08191605657339096,
0.03963335230946541,
0.04904455319046974,
0.03435349836945534,
-0.034426379948854446,
-0.01575819030404091,
-0.025959955528378487,
0.07746197283267975,
-0.0227372907102108,
0.01670130155980587,
-0.04484812542796135,
0.023380564525723457,
-0.012380735948681831,
-0.025827249512076378,
0.020724531263113022,
0.02250690758228302,
-0.09120343625545502,
0.010143524035811424,
-0.010141412727534771,
0.08837880194187164,
0.036889463663101196,
-0.03431395813822746,
-0.00602142047137022,
0.0256182998418808,
0.02678389847278595,
0.013969830237329006,
-0.02255529910326004,
-0.013659879565238953,
0.03382930904626846,
-0.021065201610326767,
-0.010805550962686539,
0.06836700439453125,
0.04420721158385277,
0.014354810118675232,
0.06337349861860275,
0.025738317519426346,
0.006412679795175791,
0.02539169415831566,
0.00721578486263752,
0.04732766002416611,
0.02245677448809147,
0.02128452993929386,
-0.026597902178764343,
0.07272013276815414,
-0.025633204728364944,
0.05967678502202034,
-0.06615262478590012,
0.004293834324926138,
-0.03551448881626129,
0.04245861619710922,
-0.04510720819234848,
-0.011463106609880924,
-0.026866301894187927,
-0.020904717966914177,
0.015187574550509453,
-0.03913969546556473,
0.1604221612215042,
-0.01902548409998417,
-0.012858252041041851,
0.0662229135632515,
0.021002106368541718,
-0.02641008049249649,
0.022905563935637474,
0.07417973130941391,
-0.019758963957428932,
-0.009329613298177719,
-0.0531943254172802,
0.00028329313499853015,
-0.03341386467218399,
-0.013857532292604446,
-0.06369176506996155,
-0.014264256693422794,
-0.007234318181872368,
0.05112606659531593,
0.03918418288230896,
0.04625551402568817,
0.018174881115555763,
-0.08118100464344025,
-0.043882474303245544,
-0.32529255747795105,
-0.04691065475344658,
0.01536766067147255,
-0.003316848538815975,
0.04505440220236778,
-0.04053236171603203,
-0.04502662271261215,
-0.0288044735789299,
0.009560531936585903,
-0.045659638941287994,
0.016492798924446106,
0.05252913385629654,
-0.06437154859304428,
-0.09965996444225311,
-0.004401281010359526,
-0.009299295954406261,
0.02994072623550892,
-0.061619654297828674,
0.01137779001146555,
0.006885206792503595,
0.025927547365427017,
-0.02499181590974331,
-0.01554875634610653,
0.0005915865767747164,
0.0452706553041935,
-0.011861489154398441,
0.1175573319196701,
-0.011930159293115139,
-0.0038411743007600307,
-0.015561271458864212,
-0.05832097306847572,
0.0224233940243721,
-0.03327270969748497,
-0.014497616328299046,
-0.10094904899597168,
-0.00661516934633255,
0.04460536688566208,
-0.04585948586463928,
0.04358180984854698,
0.00884755328297615,
0.01059749536216259,
-0.024674363434314728,
0.011047924868762493,
-0.07351598888635635,
0.00667023379355669,
-0.008559878915548325,
0.013200847432017326,
-0.07714702934026718,
0.03307093307375908,
-0.006154739297926426,
0.04206191748380661,
0.034730516374111176,
0.029013676568865776,
-0.0020871167071163654,
0.009183980524539948,
-0.041553083807229996,
-0.021119868382811546,
0.0455668643116951,
-0.05166492611169815,
-0.02053588442504406,
-0.014984877780079842,
-0.04826561361551285,
-0.025397850200533867,
0.039553675800561905,
0.06196548789739609,
0.015497259795665741,
0.03758272901177406,
-0.008961639367043972,
0.046562593430280685,
-0.01403648778796196,
-0.011072397232055664,
0.09615318477153778,
-0.022831272333860397,
0.025955576449632645,
0.019383545964956284,
0.032303161919116974,
-0.039578501135110855,
-0.003773406380787492,
-0.02844676561653614,
0.0442313626408577,
0.01923399232327938,
0.016695886850357056,
0.03702501580119133,
0.009217912331223488,
-0.05977093428373337,
0.0006002232548780739,
0.023749861866235733,
-0.02670544572174549,
-0.014394868165254593,
0.012980259954929352,
-0.007483012042939663,
-0.021648332476615906,
-0.025446956977248192,
-0.05515975132584572,
0.011267710477113724,
0.05499173328280449,
-0.2586217224597931,
0.005358374677598476,
0.03358101099729538,
0.04485136270523071,
-0.04035615921020508,
0.02777104079723358,
0.05186030641198158,
-0.02076953835785389,
-0.006943885702639818,
0.08383557200431824,
-0.022800063714385033,
0.04483437538146973,
0.01932275854051113,
0.07867734879255295,
0.022517597302794456,
0.011057309806346893,
0.01875307783484459,
-0.03696925938129425,
-0.0500333309173584,
-0.02951466292142868,
0.01224958710372448,
-0.00966762937605381,
0.13560651242733002,
-0.03873167186975479,
-0.06352276355028152,
0.07269129157066345,
-0.026141086593270302,
0.024445218965411186,
0.005268336273729801,
-0.00203704577870667,
0.02351338602602482,
-0.004778693430125713,
0.03527486324310303,
-0.05246661975979805,
0.02172849513590336,
0.061479389667510986,
0.003112718928605318,
-0.010725402273237705,
-0.005839151330292225,
-0.017985312268137932,
-0.0465669147670269,
-0.006142817437648773,
-0.05160094425082207,
-0.05396110191941261,
0.06840643286705017,
-0.07749994099140167,
-0.0816093161702156,
-0.014331159181892872,
-0.012829112820327282,
-0.04511871933937073,
-0.07385391741991043,
0.013397680595517159,
0.02204429917037487,
-0.01425192505121231,
0.044616397470235825,
0.018347615376114845,
-0.01988421566784382,
-0.0027244046796113253,
-0.013597509823739529,
0.006676643621176481,
0.025374092161655426,
-0.013276945799589157,
-0.04672861844301224,
0.04120113328099251,
0.038910623639822006
] |
PMID:6478 | beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. | beta-D-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), a useful tool for the structural studies of heterosaccharide chains, has been isolated in a highly purified form from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. This mushroom is unique among reported sources of this enzyme in that it has the advantage of being almost free of alpha-mannosidase activity. The purification procedure involves ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by Sephadex G-100 filtration and chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The final enzyme preparation gives essentially a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme liberates the beta-D-mannopyranosyl unit from various natural substrates such as the core glycopeptide, Man(GlcNAc)2-Asn isolated from ovalbumin, from Taka-amylase A, and from human alpha1-acid glycoprotein. It also hydrolyzes (Man)2-GlcNAc from the urine of an alpha-mannosidosis patient, 1,4-D-mannobiose and mannotriose isolated from ivory nut mannan, 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-L-rhamnose, 6-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-galactose and 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-N-acetylglucosamine. The molecular weight of this enzyme is estimated to be about 64,000 by gel filtration. For p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside, the pH optimum is between 2.4 and 3.4 and the Km is 1.6 mM. | beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. beta-D-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), a useful tool for the structural studies of heterosaccharide chains, has been isolated in a highly purified form from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. This mushroom is unique among reported sources of this enzyme in that it has the advantage of being almost free of alpha-mannosidase activity. The purification procedure involves ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by Sephadex G-100 filtration and chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The final enzyme preparation gives essentially a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme liberates the beta-D-mannopyranosyl unit from various natural substrates such as the core glycopeptide, Man(GlcNAc)2-Asn isolated from ovalbumin, from Taka-amylase A, and from human alpha1-acid glycoprotein. It also hydrolyzes (Man)2-GlcNAc from the urine of an alpha-mannosidosis patient, 1,4-D-mannobiose and mannotriose isolated from ivory nut mannan, 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-L-rhamnose, 6-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-galactose and 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-N-acetylglucosamine. The molecular weight of this enzyme is estimated to be about 64,000 by gel filtration. For p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside, the pH optimum is between 2.4 and 3.4 and the Km is 1.6 mM. | [
-0.05769578740000725,
-0.054060954600572586,
-0.020245375111699104,
-0.027290428057312965,
0.026825416833162308,
-0.05285288393497467,
0.04564506933093071,
0.04062557965517044,
-0.05056866258382797,
-0.0026553883217275143,
0.03812546655535698,
-0.07923524081707001,
-0.04339613392949104,
0.008706738241016865,
0.014492874965071678,
-0.008295804262161255,
0.06992529332637787,
-0.027974337339401245,
-0.01643364503979683,
0.01154374424368143,
0.07330386340618134,
-0.023445459082722664,
-0.0010905248345807195,
-0.05851978436112404,
0.04325735196471214,
0.016880499199032784,
0.0008399892831221223,
-0.006771043408662081,
-0.019568420946598053,
-0.2021869421005249,
-0.013805515132844448,
-0.08376730233430862,
0.012927226722240448,
-0.04168194532394409,
-0.006932027172297239,
0.05895446613430977,
-0.014913216233253479,
-0.03461429104208946,
-0.003044570330530405,
0.05339096486568451,
0.033442433923482895,
0.027937058359384537,
-0.0011871488532051444,
0.01577993854880333,
-0.002668458968400955,
0.00865644495934248,
-0.06043759733438492,
-0.05101070925593376,
0.06160595268011093,
0.0618293322622776,
-0.016079029068350792,
0.026214515790343285,
-0.041781917214393616,
0.022481033578515053,
0.010131477378308773,
-0.011077887378633022,
0.023700537160038948,
0.07357732206583023,
0.027649108320474625,
0.08150573074817657,
0.008868928998708725,
-0.012932507321238518,
-0.07200261950492859,
0.0437280610203743,
0.051256898790597916,
0.06846436113119125,
-0.03689378872513771,
-0.018412575125694275,
0.07317353785037994,
0.03994724154472351,
0.018032526597380638,
0.0769491046667099,
0.040834035724401474,
0.015535600483417511,
-0.013663438148796558,
0.01899099536240101,
-0.039366465061903,
0.01598481275141239,
0.08905359357595444,
0.0524120070040226,
0.027596835047006607,
0.05238001421093941,
0.020015273243188858,
0.0039443508721888065,
-0.013142959214746952,
0.0320233590900898,
0.027672629803419113,
-0.006944558117538691,
0.018302230164408684,
0.03527376428246498,
-0.006894153077155352,
0.009856941178441048,
-0.03936021402478218,
-0.011194713413715363,
-0.11138029396533966,
0.08219882845878601,
-0.009196552447974682,
-0.002781236544251442,
0.03272907808423042,
0.3441920876502991,
0.00022950525453779846,
0.0018259574426338077,
-0.007592394016683102,
0.009057998657226562,
-0.00136214355006814,
-0.01319321058690548,
0.023543331772089005,
-0.013746103271842003,
0.009171031415462494,
0.046202220022678375,
0.07376691699028015,
-0.0010794372064992785,
0.028174472972750664,
-0.012539762072265148,
0.0000375693452951964,
-0.02769971825182438,
-0.004126792307943106,
-0.028714044019579887,
-0.055168796330690384,
0.028541410341858864,
-0.013748042285442352,
-0.013101291842758656,
0.03400367870926857,
-0.008507703430950642,
0.038560278713703156,
0.03356825187802315,
-0.022854985669255257,
0.0965985432267189,
0.09074091911315918,
0.0033002037089318037,
0.1142425686120987,
0.06852386891841888,
-0.014913982711732388,
-0.013379687443375587,
0.012567278929054737,
-0.07053907215595245,
0.019733987748622894,
0.001493126736022532,
-0.005593839567154646,
-0.021534232422709465,
-0.07653922587633133,
-0.035812858492136,
-0.03234819322824478,
0.009004875086247921,
-0.05331548675894737,
0.06273389607667923,
0.024433249607682228,
-0.005146912764757872,
-0.015013297088444233,
0.008359276689589024,
0.030066167935729027,
0.05782286077737808,
-0.03154253587126732,
0.024558117613196373,
-0.0292445607483387,
0.008085623383522034,
0.029138192534446716,
-0.01425456628203392,
-0.040170930325984955,
0.014448714442551136,
-0.09327496588230133,
0.014058639295399189,
0.01757984794676304,
0.07675398141145706,
0.04561147093772888,
-0.040272317826747894,
-0.050832729786634445,
0.00877209473401308,
0.02689756639301777,
-0.03459267318248749,
0.04028097167611122,
0.024605656042695045,
-0.028821265324950218,
-0.04331535845994949,
-0.04565206170082092,
-0.02362603135406971,
0.04184633865952492,
-0.03444160893559456,
0.04913470149040222,
-0.003328384831547737,
0.041435398161411285,
-0.03349829465150833,
-0.043793562799692154,
-0.0008160961442627013,
0.03213769569993019,
-0.010915595106780529,
0.012739602476358414,
0.02151629514992237,
0.01027822494506836,
0.049863625317811966,
-0.01767820492386818,
0.02565356157720089,
-0.09031610935926437,
-0.017608841881155968,
-0.00045612550457008183,
-0.010789763182401657,
-0.027967706322669983,
0.01915491186082363,
-0.017838073894381523,
-0.026602301746606827,
0.08001022785902023,
0.04371079429984093,
-0.01268994715064764,
0.08714371174573898,
-0.00435743248090148,
-0.012417194433510303,
0.029117178171873093,
-0.031316790729761124,
-0.04376989230513573,
-0.003875416936352849,
-0.057559456676244736,
0.013669634237885475,
-0.03299833461642265,
0.03249254450201988,
-0.05185611546039581,
0.06331553310155869,
0.03463982790708542,
0.0009795371443033218,
0.01134238950908184,
0.03237685561180115,
-0.050374146550893784,
-0.003202995052561164,
-0.06965411454439163,
-0.2682422399520874,
0.0024138004519045353,
-0.00792835745960474,
-0.038674354553222656,
0.024625830352306366,
-0.052327752113342285,
-0.008122596889734268,
-0.04120122268795967,
0.05163637176156044,
-0.01643475331366062,
0.11749660223722458,
0.031541164964437485,
-0.02111939899623394,
-0.008291463367640972,
-0.02053428255021572,
0.0855906531214714,
0.021925393491983414,
-0.05845985934138298,
0.014982328750193119,
-0.01770426332950592,
0.0170576274394989,
-0.10161519050598145,
0.051386408507823944,
0.010181980207562447,
0.03435191139578819,
-0.04511601850390434,
0.10299361497163773,
0.0666060596704483,
0.018826782703399658,
-0.04496592655777931,
0.01659047231078148,
0.06939050555229187,
0.016302641481161118,
-0.09927171468734741,
0.004892480093985796,
-0.04346705973148346,
-0.04086264595389366,
-0.08096295595169067,
0.016388434916734695,
-0.01667374186217785,
-0.0070996033027768135,
-0.03145112469792366,
0.020537713542580605,
-0.08296027034521103,
-0.0015855194069445133,
-0.06208662688732147,
0.0031335351523011923,
0.05087405443191528,
0.04217694327235222,
-0.0017989985644817352,
0.07561340928077698,
-0.02276122197508812,
0.06648083031177521,
-0.03316482529044151,
-0.07000871002674103,
0.02539965696632862,
-0.03703978285193443,
-0.062323618680238724,
-0.07058309763669968,
0.05314462631940842,
-0.04549289122223854,
-0.013284042477607727,
-0.04056697338819504,
0.06225695088505745,
-0.005562596954405308,
-0.03003031760454178,
0.0025897002778947353,
-0.02575596608221531,
0.03324742615222931,
0.02828703075647354,
-0.041174568235874176,
0.07814151048660278,
-0.06013897433876991,
-0.0057575213722884655,
0.012759511359035969,
0.04515644907951355,
-0.021765615791082382,
-0.046638358384370804,
-0.053380195051431656,
-0.01886221021413803,
-0.0036277095787227154,
-0.013885854743421078,
0.06685154139995575,
0.015690961852669716,
-0.01895829290151596,
0.07761020213365555,
0.02358059398829937,
-0.013199325650930405,
0.03032652661204338,
-0.0032161227427423,
0.019660400226712227,
0.014341776259243488,
-0.06372325867414474,
-0.036733824759721756,
0.005135261919349432,
0.04507835954427719,
-0.2550671100616455,
-0.012892715632915497,
0.02449551597237587,
-0.011949355714023113,
0.017597462981939316,
0.03161702677607536,
0.06745626777410507,
-0.08449557423591614,
0.05044815316796303,
-0.04317860305309296,
0.03740902245044708,
0.028707006946206093,
0.06087779626250267,
-0.005093859508633614,
-0.005164601840078831,
-0.012492437846958637,
0.03481283038854599,
0.004510222934186459,
0.042681559920310974,
-0.06420458108186722,
-0.038499362766742706,
-0.0035553211346268654,
0.1413331925868988,
0.04050572216510773,
-0.05190303549170494,
0.048180416226387024,
-0.003983671776950359,
-0.011070014908909798,
-0.05241256207227707,
0.0730494037270546,
-0.041437823325395584,
0.04474562034010887,
0.09647185355424881,
-0.02586287073791027,
0.015070275403559208,
0.03251386433839798,
-0.04385460540652275,
0.024143578484654427,
-0.06385131180286407,
0.02634589374065399,
-0.03438284993171692,
-0.03535134717822075,
-0.10041145980358124,
-0.05361180752515793,
0.0841919556260109,
-0.07067187875509262,
-0.07237463444471359,
-0.04340514540672302,
0.009446869604289532,
-0.0001202314961119555,
-0.01710321567952633,
-0.06684615463018417,
0.031894516199827194,
0.02467358112335205,
-0.030994398519396782,
-0.05202684924006462,
-0.07667547464370728,
0.03896532580256462,
-0.031320568174123764,
-0.033830590546131134,
0.0033977990970015526,
-0.017834465950727463,
-0.07080297917127609,
0.0479348860681057,
0.0078089917078614235
] |
PMID:6479 | The carbamate reaction of glycylglycine, plasma, and tissue extracts evaluated by a pH stopped flow apparatus. | We have used a stopped flow rapid reaction pH apparatus to investigate the carbamate equilibrium in glycylglycine solutions and in three biological tissues, human plasma, sheep muscle, and sheep brain, as well as to investigate the kinetics of carbamate formation in glyclyglycine solution and in human plasma. The rapid reaction apparatus was equipped with a pH sensitive glass electrode in order to follow the time course of pH from 0.005 to 100 s after rapid mixing of a solution of amine or protein and CO2. Two phases of the pH curve were observed: a fast phase representing carbamate formation, and a slow phase due to the hydration of CO2 which was uncatalyzed since a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor was added to the biological solutions. From the time course of pH change during the fast phase K2, the R-NH2 ionization constant, and Kc, the carbamate equilibrium constant as well as the velocity constant for the formation of carbamate, ka could be calculated from data at different pH and pCO2. The carbamate formed in glycylglycine solutions over a wide range of pH and pCO2 was found consistent with the theory of carbamate formation and with published data. At ionic strength 0.16 and 37 degrees pK is 7.67. pKc 4.58. The heat of the carbamate reaction (deltaH) was calculated to be -3.2 kcal/mol between 20 degrees and 37 degrees. Kt of glycylglycine depends quantitatively on ionic strength as predicted by the Debye-Huckel theory. With ionic strength 0.16 ku was found to be 2,500 M1 S1 at 37 degrees. The activation energy of carbamate formation is 6.7 kcal/mol. Carbamate measurements in human plasma at pCO2 from 38 to 359 Torr. pH from 6.9 to 8.3, temperature 37 degrees, and ionic strength 0.15 provided evidence that two kinds of amino groups participate in carbamate formation. From the equilibrium constants computed for the two species they could be identified as alpha- and epsilon-amino groups. On the basis of a protein molecular weight of 69.000. 0.6 alpha-amino groups/molecule with pKz=7.0 and pKc=4.2, and 5.9 epsilon-amino groups/molecule with pKz=9.0 and pKc=4.3 contribute to carbamate formation. The velocity constant ka was estimated to be 4,950 M1 S1 for the alpha-amino groups and 13,800 M1 S1 for the epsilon-amino groups. Under physiological conditions (pCO2=40 Torr. pH=7.4). The concentration of carbamate in plasma is 0.6 mM and the half-time of carbamate formation is 0.05 s. In extracts prepared from sheep brain at 37 degrees pH=7 and pCO2=35 Torr. the carbamate formation was estimated to be 0.8 mM. With pCO2=70 Torr and the same pH and temperature the carbamate concentration in muscle approximates 0.3 mM and increases to 7 mM as pH rises to 8. It is concluded that, as in plasma, a considerable number of epsilon-amino groups appear to be available for carbamate formation in these tissues. | The carbamate reaction of glycylglycine, plasma, and tissue extracts evaluated by a pH stopped flow apparatus. We have used a stopped flow rapid reaction pH apparatus to investigate the carbamate equilibrium in glycylglycine solutions and in three biological tissues, human plasma, sheep muscle, and sheep brain, as well as to investigate the kinetics of carbamate formation in glyclyglycine solution and in human plasma. The rapid reaction apparatus was equipped with a pH sensitive glass electrode in order to follow the time course of pH from 0.005 to 100 s after rapid mixing of a solution of amine or protein and CO2. Two phases of the pH curve were observed: a fast phase representing carbamate formation, and a slow phase due to the hydration of CO2 which was uncatalyzed since a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor was added to the biological solutions. From the time course of pH change during the fast phase K2, the R-NH2 ionization constant, and Kc, the carbamate equilibrium constant as well as the velocity constant for the formation of carbamate, ka could be calculated from data at different pH and pCO2. The carbamate formed in glycylglycine solutions over a wide range of pH and pCO2 was found consistent with the theory of carbamate formation and with published data. At ionic strength 0.16 and 37 degrees pK is 7.67. pKc 4.58. The heat of the carbamate reaction (deltaH) was calculated to be -3.2 kcal/mol between 20 degrees and 37 degrees. Kt of glycylglycine depends quantitatively on ionic strength as predicted by the Debye-Huckel theory. With ionic strength 0.16 ku was found to be 2,500 M1 S1 at 37 degrees. The activation energy of carbamate formation is 6.7 kcal/mol. Carbamate measurements in human plasma at pCO2 from 38 to 359 Torr. pH from 6.9 to 8.3, temperature 37 degrees, and ionic strength 0.15 provided evidence that two kinds of amino groups participate in carbamate formation. From the equilibrium constants computed for the two species they could be identified as alpha- and epsilon-amino groups. On the basis of a protein molecular weight of 69.000. 0.6 alpha-amino groups/molecule with pKz=7.0 and pKc=4.2, and 5.9 epsilon-amino groups/molecule with pKz=9.0 and pKc=4.3 contribute to carbamate formation. The velocity constant ka was estimated to be 4,950 M1 S1 for the alpha-amino groups and 13,800 M1 S1 for the epsilon-amino groups. Under physiological conditions (pCO2=40 Torr. pH=7.4). The concentration of carbamate in plasma is 0.6 mM and the half-time of carbamate formation is 0.05 s. In extracts prepared from sheep brain at 37 degrees pH=7 and pCO2=35 Torr. the carbamate formation was estimated to be 0.8 mM. With pCO2=70 Torr and the same pH and temperature the carbamate concentration in muscle approximates 0.3 mM and increases to 7 mM as pH rises to 8. It is concluded that, as in plasma, a considerable number of epsilon-amino groups appear to be available for carbamate formation in these tissues. | [
-0.07744657248258591,
0.032381828874349594,
-0.002486962592229247,
0.010063303634524345,
0.017051540315151215,
0.010216704569756985,
0.023957574740052223,
-0.018131500110030174,
-0.04859941080212593,
-0.0014954605139791965,
0.05956763029098511,
-0.08234208822250366,
0.03273063898086548,
0.057163625955581665,
0.005101330578327179,
-0.03806529939174652,
-0.016202496364712715,
-0.007539508864283562,
-0.038222599774599075,
-0.025081954896450043,
-0.04869043454527855,
-0.024606546387076378,
0.010618360713124275,
-0.00047135542263276875,
0.07383903115987778,
0.07497981190681458,
0.009169984608888626,
0.03914373368024826,
-0.026317672803997993,
-0.25803545117378235,
0.037105850875377655,
0.0058348337188363075,
0.023936569690704346,
-0.002699867822229862,
-0.029829954728484154,
0.02509487234055996,
-0.03893474116921425,
0.02030555158853531,
-0.014580403454601765,
0.009995272383093834,
0.01588713377714157,
-0.0041474648751318455,
0.005773027427494526,
0.022544391453266144,
0.06406769901514053,
0.0485808402299881,
-0.008276944980025291,
0.05846729502081871,
0.0859731063246727,
0.013998735696077347,
-0.009596988558769226,
-0.001492267707362771,
0.01690344139933586,
0.009514487348496914,
-0.00624050572514534,
-0.008355457335710526,
-0.004587446339428425,
0.0004878913750872016,
0.002801228780299425,
-0.012502813711762428,
0.016404464840888977,
0.006604133173823357,
-0.1325366050004959,
0.05245642364025116,
0.032200735062360764,
0.02796373888850212,
0.01275442261248827,
-0.03296433761715889,
-0.0038115985225886106,
0.057271841913461685,
-0.05567249655723572,
0.04528695344924927,
0.021159878000617027,
0.015221066772937775,
0.009534736163914204,
-0.02177433855831623,
-0.00022955737949814647,
0.005490829236805439,
0.03002917394042015,
0.003976092673838139,
-0.021199841052293777,
0.013773009181022644,
-0.0005752450088039041,
-0.026879193261265755,
-0.036690983921289444,
-0.015161278657615185,
0.04573183134198189,
-0.0024163571652024984,
-0.02986583486199379,
0.02360563911497593,
0.0014573115622624755,
-0.02576620504260063,
-0.043676335364580154,
0.059156037867069244,
-0.08235260099172592,
0.02440006099641323,
0.0031578366179019213,
-0.048683036118745804,
0.010019039735198021,
0.42784905433654785,
-0.03510623425245285,
0.022914567962288857,
-0.017439622431993484,
-0.007618807256221771,
0.0164001677185297,
-0.05247068777680397,
-0.014853578992187977,
0.012172945775091648,
0.05411967262625694,
0.028844868764281273,
0.04423100873827934,
0.03288150206208229,
0.04317003861069679,
-0.08228333294391632,
-0.008465567603707314,
0.011263574473559856,
0.039731502532958984,
-0.01468855980783701,
-0.0012930436059832573,
0.03964967653155327,
-0.01739111728966236,
-0.004422384779900312,
-0.012780769728124142,
-0.016890790313482285,
0.003361951094120741,
-0.005104565992951393,
-0.026478853076696396,
0.0783495157957077,
0.04317595437169075,
0.018655860796570778,
0.056437186896800995,
0.06192127615213394,
-0.01693355292081833,
-0.03143218159675598,
0.0018418040126562119,
-0.04818323999643326,
0.03426503390073776,
-0.030963631346821785,
-0.02314414456486702,
0.0025002409238368273,
-0.008107530884444714,
-0.019477780908346176,
-0.03922046348452568,
-0.09517872333526611,
-0.06076627969741821,
0.06221950799226761,
-0.008322683162987232,
0.040909696370363235,
-0.041532352566719055,
-0.00906226597726345,
-0.045068319886922836,
0.026090186089277267,
-0.01762460358440876,
-0.006978319026529789,
-0.008160258643329144,
-0.0008331717108376324,
-0.001945024123415351,
-0.0192263200879097,
-0.01988380402326584,
-0.007312213070690632,
-0.04844781756401062,
-0.04033072665333748,
-0.03131779283285141,
0.10050760954618454,
0.0447908490896225,
-0.03386465832591057,
0.011683669872581959,
-0.022817660123109818,
0.031564995646476746,
0.043367404490709305,
0.0333159863948822,
0.040088724344968796,
-0.03661036491394043,
-0.001962326467037201,
-0.0004740676376968622,
0.010062613524496555,
0.013946508057415485,
0.006467387080192566,
0.036616407334804535,
0.03377120569348335,
0.03298931568861008,
0.07277585566043854,
-0.02609444409608841,
0.019313575699925423,
0.07182004302740097,
-0.03432280197739601,
-0.07132408022880554,
0.0049287620931863785,
-0.028040247038006783,
0.07827239483594894,
-0.018483920022845268,
0.012545116245746613,
-0.049608394503593445,
0.03477201238274574,
-0.022894032299518585,
0.005500456318259239,
-0.029470032081007957,
-0.06049248203635216,
0.021230071783065796,
-0.012537498027086258,
0.07486743479967117,
-0.032729752361774445,
-0.019603164866566658,
0.02193458192050457,
0.07152887433767319,
-0.008584700524806976,
0.030873911455273628,
0.019164612516760826,
0.020197173580527306,
0.00520309479907155,
-0.045105431228876114,
-0.008056030608713627,
-0.09464184194803238,
-0.03232823684811592,
-0.060714151710271835,
0.026667406782507896,
-0.015549169853329659,
0.021204320713877678,
0.019797634333372116,
0.01918959617614746,
0.05702826753258705,
-0.05617491155862808,
-0.0722186267375946,
-0.29901811480522156,
-0.04341186210513115,
0.016377583146095276,
0.013629516586661339,
0.10029567033052444,
-0.05056537687778473,
0.02236315608024597,
-0.050632499158382416,
0.012950809672474861,
-0.059838153421878815,
0.08820530027151108,
0.04322067275643349,
-0.04177220165729523,
-0.03716703876852989,
0.015261322259902954,
0.004311105236411095,
0.009556453675031662,
-0.02366665191948414,
0.007538563571870327,
0.04289795830845833,
0.014107098802924156,
-0.03140419349074364,
-0.004241372458636761,
0.025183560326695442,
0.04442648962140083,
0.011682323180139065,
0.11013828217983246,
-0.010792543180286884,
0.017411280423402786,
-0.027290385216474533,
-0.0066526406444609165,
0.06353718787431717,
-0.05942597985267639,
-0.07303909957408905,
-0.09291574358940125,
-0.000057973607908934355,
-0.01767716370522976,
-0.04558122530579567,
-0.012944342568516731,
0.018640896305441856,
-0.06744816899299622,
0.05524669215083122,
-0.04142232984304428,
-0.11457257717847824,
-0.02077513560652733,
0.022923501208424568,
0.02043556235730648,
-0.011221924796700478,
-0.01682843640446663,
-0.0038395700976252556,
0.0767039805650711,
0.01091423723846674,
0.00652251485735178,
-0.0519743487238884,
0.029050804674625397,
-0.012639294378459454,
-0.018623944371938705,
0.005375367123633623,
-0.06297468394041061,
-0.010363874956965446,
0.018223555758595467,
-0.017007052898406982,
-0.005172418430447578,
0.03734589368104935,
0.019077345728874207,
-0.018923399969935417,
0.03332928940653801,
-0.01592155173420906,
0.04255170375108719,
0.014614282175898552,
0.03867676481604576,
0.10144525021314621,
-0.04137497767806053,
0.05366352200508118,
0.054640959948301315,
-0.010144800879061222,
0.003791964612901211,
-0.03949911892414093,
-0.09665180742740631,
-0.013550365343689919,
0.008423145860433578,
-0.007704503368586302,
0.059769075363874435,
0.008539167232811451,
0.05617981404066086,
0.04297205060720444,
0.00011292761337244883,
-0.014666939154267311,
0.02367306686937809,
-0.024011967703700066,
0.0373285636305809,
-0.005903689656406641,
-0.04423094168305397,
-0.07160665094852448,
0.028300411999225616,
0.07084649056196213,
-0.2697450518608093,
0.01758556440472603,
-0.000434704648796469,
0.03017302230000496,
-0.03737189993262291,
0.02131745032966137,
0.034346818923950195,
-0.04960203170776367,
-0.03587600588798523,
0.01625918783247471,
-0.04822530969977379,
0.03460047394037247,
0.05573099106550217,
0.04994194209575653,
0.010778801515698433,
-0.002374878851696849,
0.02965458109974861,
-0.0457460917532444,
-0.0223812498152256,
0.021496448665857315,
0.004284746944904327,
-0.00974083598703146,
0.1751810908317566,
0.0166280809789896,
-0.023726778104901314,
0.07784684747457504,
-0.03349905461072922,
0.01040295697748661,
-0.04278160631656647,
-0.036610230803489685,
-0.024522360414266586,
0.05648624151945114,
0.014546186663210392,
-0.024636149406433105,
0.07532724738121033,
0.012626640498638153,
-0.06137954443693161,
-0.019728487357497215,
-0.009091301821172237,
0.04161879047751427,
0.005081945564597845,
0.010480937547981739,
-0.026490896940231323,
-0.035845592617988586,
0.029989471659064293,
-0.036472421139478683,
-0.043631646782159805,
-0.05231234058737755,
0.001994140213355422,
-0.016451649367809296,
-0.05260566994547844,
-0.04315587133169174,
-0.017119746655225754,
-0.011609924957156181,
0.03384587541222572,
-0.012320305220782757,
-0.0030934151727706194,
0.0031235679052770138,
0.024621758610010147,
-0.02234790287911892,
0.027521969750523567,
-0.007383166812360287,
0.006696352269500494,
0.04845188185572624,
0.0007641660049557686
] |
PMID:6480 | The contractile basis of ameboid movement. II. Structure and contractility of motile extracts and plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts. | The role of calcium and magnesium-ATP on the structure and contractility in motile extracts of Amoeba proteus and plasmalemma-ectoplasm "ghosts" of Chaos carolinensis has been investigated by correlating light and electron microscope observations with turbidity and birefringence measurements. The extract is nonmotile and contains very few F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates when prepared in the presence of both low calcium ion and ATP concentrations at an ionic strength of I = 0.05, pH 6.8. The addition of 1.0 mM magnesium chloride, 1.0 mM ATP, in the presence of a low calcium ion concentration (relaxation solution) induced the formation of some fibrous bundles of actin without contracting, whereas the addition of a micromolar concentration of calcium in addition to 1.0 mM magnesium-ATP (contraction solution) (Taylor, D. L., J. S. Condeelis, P. L. Moore, and R. D. Allen. 1973. J. Cell Biol. 59:378-394) initiated the formation of large arrays of F-actin filaments followed by contractions. Furthermore, plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts prepared in the relaxation solution exhibited very few straight F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates. In contrast, plasmalemmaectoplasm ghosts treated with the contraction solution contained many straight F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates. The increase in the structure of ameba cytoplasm at the endoplasm-ectoplasm interface can be explained by a combination of the transformation of actin from a less filamentous to a more structured filamentous state possibly involving the cross-linking of actin to form fibrillar arrays (see above-mentioned reference) followed by contractions of the actin and myosin along an undetermined distance of the endoplasm and/or ectoplasm. | The contractile basis of ameboid movement. II. Structure and contractility of motile extracts and plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts. The role of calcium and magnesium-ATP on the structure and contractility in motile extracts of Amoeba proteus and plasmalemma-ectoplasm "ghosts" of Chaos carolinensis has been investigated by correlating light and electron microscope observations with turbidity and birefringence measurements. The extract is nonmotile and contains very few F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates when prepared in the presence of both low calcium ion and ATP concentrations at an ionic strength of I = 0.05, pH 6.8. The addition of 1.0 mM magnesium chloride, 1.0 mM ATP, in the presence of a low calcium ion concentration (relaxation solution) induced the formation of some fibrous bundles of actin without contracting, whereas the addition of a micromolar concentration of calcium in addition to 1.0 mM magnesium-ATP (contraction solution) (Taylor, D. L., J. S. Condeelis, P. L. Moore, and R. D. Allen. 1973. J. Cell Biol. 59:378-394) initiated the formation of large arrays of F-actin filaments followed by contractions. Furthermore, plasmalemma-ectoplasm ghosts prepared in the relaxation solution exhibited very few straight F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates. In contrast, plasmalemmaectoplasm ghosts treated with the contraction solution contained many straight F-actin filaments and myosin aggregates. The increase in the structure of ameba cytoplasm at the endoplasm-ectoplasm interface can be explained by a combination of the transformation of actin from a less filamentous to a more structured filamentous state possibly involving the cross-linking of actin to form fibrillar arrays (see above-mentioned reference) followed by contractions of the actin and myosin along an undetermined distance of the endoplasm and/or ectoplasm. | [
-0.1060703843832016,
-0.0715528354048729,
0.05995023250579834,
-0.0007935891044326127,
0.017114659771323204,
-0.03730647638440132,
0.023388439789414406,
0.027875913307070732,
-0.02041015960276127,
0.0035981920082122087,
0.0483647845685482,
-0.05829724669456482,
-0.04242026433348656,
0.042829204350709915,
0.02597087249159813,
-0.0488855317234993,
-0.029641255736351013,
0.02027737908065319,
-0.07460903376340866,
0.01414542831480503,
0.0021854520309716463,
-0.017674840986728668,
-0.006002622656524181,
0.03013622760772705,
0.0551224909722805,
0.02903848886489868,
-0.026101447641849518,
0.01993989385664463,
-0.025291863828897476,
-0.23603026568889618,
-0.014933108352124691,
-0.003874985035508871,
0.002757313661277294,
-0.022573130205273628,
0.020284408703446388,
0.0018921755254268646,
-0.031120644882321358,
-0.02702539786696434,
-0.018164053559303284,
0.040679555386304855,
0.07012690603733063,
0.019961979240179062,
0.001223846455104649,
-0.03908402472734451,
0.04242600128054619,
-0.015196401625871658,
0.057852134108543396,
0.014336277730762959,
0.06699146330356598,
0.03349188715219498,
0.0016535809263586998,
-0.03235085308551788,
0.028100933879613876,
0.05973033234477043,
-0.0024821548722684383,
0.0465843491256237,
-0.0067499540746212006,
0.019384654238820076,
0.010693775489926338,
0.05491122975945473,
0.04319615289568901,
0.048408977687358856,
-0.10347640514373779,
0.0745214968919754,
0.04241039976477623,
-0.024245155975222588,
-0.004322253633290529,
0.026403317227959633,
0.04693128541111946,
0.012371805496513844,
-0.04359402135014534,
0.017674250528216362,
0.022427929565310478,
0.04308820143342018,
0.04482946917414665,
-0.030066629871726036,
0.012612123042345047,
0.015090079046785831,
0.012581557966768742,
0.006408469285815954,
-0.09167470037937164,
-0.007167934440076351,
0.04087149724364281,
-0.018059421330690384,
-0.009907967410981655,
0.03738676384091377,
0.0357246957719326,
-0.04628162086009979,
-0.005528652109205723,
-0.01111204456537962,
-0.010459148325026035,
-0.018087351694703102,
-0.03826754540205002,
0.024105891585350037,
-0.07335436344146729,
0.03279678896069527,
-0.03663985803723335,
0.0025610763113945723,
0.028195705264806747,
0.3750669062137604,
0.013564307242631912,
0.052517421543598175,
0.026259399950504303,
-0.0091854901984334,
-0.0029796326998621225,
0.017412133514881134,
-0.016748575493693352,
-0.016305500641465187,
0.014459941536188126,
0.07005184143781662,
0.03128005564212799,
0.0002764059172477573,
-0.006456880364567041,
-0.010263911448419094,
-0.015589085407555103,
-0.06609814614057541,
0.00793724600225687,
-0.031170764937996864,
-0.054811976850032806,
0.0192230474203825,
-0.03690466657280922,
0.003712667850777507,
0.060053981840610504,
-0.019407939165830612,
0.05085538700222969,
-0.0007972267339937389,
-0.03646500036120415,
0.08164546638727188,
0.11082171648740768,
-0.04165545478463173,
0.05097383260726929,
0.0428827740252018,
-0.03763221576809883,
-0.047345392405986786,
0.03757738694548607,
0.010322479531168938,
0.009673750028014183,
-0.10777884721755981,
0.023079566657543182,
0.015321365557610989,
-0.019332632422447205,
-0.07771077752113342,
0.01148831658065319,
-0.062018297612667084,
-0.06557954102754593,
0.03526871278882027,
0.029396124184131622,
0.048365019261837006,
-0.041943229734897614,
0.045800965279340744,
-0.04344075173139572,
0.03200192376971245,
-0.009017780423164368,
0.031010398641228676,
0.01652952842414379,
0.012915156781673431,
-0.04709504917263985,
0.02143983729183674,
-0.0008109782938845456,
-0.03764314204454422,
-0.06504207104444504,
-0.01561011467128992,
0.054229460656642914,
0.1377008706331253,
0.07654689997434616,
-0.04122835025191307,
-0.019818337634205818,
-0.024051351472735405,
-0.024508511647582054,
-0.03603670373558998,
-0.0005026062135584652,
0.04424769803881645,
-0.0034090173430740833,
-0.004059466067701578,
0.008681208826601505,
-0.002967773238196969,
0.010242488235235214,
-0.06291651725769043,
0.03880814090371132,
0.006974037736654282,
0.020712506026029587,
-0.004526321776211262,
-0.0047994861379265785,
0.03292195498943329,
0.030987346544861794,
-0.030597934499382973,
-0.06910176575183868,
0.05725963041186333,
-0.02420688420534134,
0.04034686088562012,
0.01912129484117031,
0.005100421607494354,
-0.05453477427363396,
0.06919945776462555,
-0.10780636221170425,
-0.09124122560024261,
-0.019121743738651276,
0.0011347744148224592,
-0.03277582302689552,
-0.050036218017339706,
0.07369082421064377,
-0.021915113553404808,
-0.03855409473180771,
0.049918707460165024,
-0.015629170462489128,
0.012941543944180012,
-0.049218203872442245,
0.052313223481178284,
0.028962476179003716,
0.019459446892142296,
-0.05229610204696655,
-0.012605132535099983,
0.008875519037246704,
-0.03448815271258354,
-0.0623755119740963,
0.03759995475411415,
-0.030962688848376274,
0.043791428208351135,
0.06253969669342041,
-0.036129843443632126,
0.016588717699050903,
-0.017131812870502472,
-0.0530058890581131,
-0.3229881227016449,
-0.016128243878483772,
-0.010223242454230785,
-0.0513126403093338,
0.06755094230175018,
-0.00510575482621789,
0.044394351541996,
-0.039896704256534576,
0.042844727635383606,
-0.09108073264360428,
0.021241746842861176,
0.027659304440021515,
-0.0014086519367992878,
-0.06194395571947098,
-0.0019198787631466985,
0.05517146736383438,
0.01583723910152912,
-0.038923878222703934,
0.007275449577718973,
0.05131220072507858,
0.024935418739914894,
-0.005717221647500992,
-0.00296023883856833,
0.04939983785152435,
0.026858340948820114,
-0.017840785905718803,
0.09958173334598541,
0.030089110136032104,
-0.011852684430778027,
-0.03148229792714119,
-0.0007098625646904111,
0.03942958265542984,
-0.027352171018719673,
-0.005302397534251213,
-0.02851329743862152,
-0.005875356961041689,
0.037707630544900894,
-0.06954438239336014,
0.04791664332151413,
-0.023756224662065506,
-0.06428086757659912,
0.03364086151123047,
0.027701372280716896,
-0.03739228844642639,
-0.04119724780321121,
-0.029125144705176353,
0.008256878703832626,
0.003638683818280697,
0.01612643338739872,
-0.05101688206195831,
0.06045806407928467,
0.003640668001025915,
0.04271682724356651,
-0.02773997373878956,
-0.0012033720267936587,
-0.01910056173801422,
-0.008855185471475124,
-0.01584414206445217,
-0.07709956914186478,
0.0008730489062145352,
-0.015242813155055046,
-0.02523420937359333,
0.031150592491030693,
0.004101627506315708,
0.012576698325574398,
0.006556175649166107,
0.013834118843078613,
-0.016665451228618622,
0.06362532824277878,
-0.0420549251139164,
0.02040599100291729,
0.0641774833202362,
0.0317268930375576,
-0.016810208559036255,
0.043532710522413254,
0.011266801506280899,
0.02002364583313465,
-0.027063703164458275,
0.03728155791759491,
0.0210300013422966,
0.0151805579662323,
-0.02952876128256321,
0.06051553413271904,
-0.002084766048938036,
-0.07595832645893097,
-0.0030026177410036325,
-0.003910675644874573,
-0.09162744879722595,
0.000702058372553438,
-0.051070813089609146,
0.0367782898247242,
0.018883662298321724,
-0.03924163430929184,
0.0084965405985713,
0.04198233783245087,
0.0257277712225914,
-0.2693367004394531,
0.041179489344358444,
0.04845675081014633,
0.03713013604283333,
-0.03529489040374756,
0.04338958486914635,
0.05784137547016144,
-0.019103679805994034,
-0.00720893032848835,
0.06166153773665428,
-0.013028674758970737,
0.01870851218700409,
0.046864330768585205,
0.024210061877965927,
0.01837681420147419,
0.0323125459253788,
0.052644994109869,
-0.07286545634269714,
0.05229226127266884,
-0.08367777615785599,
-0.07903314381837845,
-0.024516917765140533,
0.1561512053012848,
-0.024862593039870262,
-0.008133336901664734,
0.02949172630906105,
0.008842703886330128,
0.026665451005101204,
-0.03408997878432274,
-0.013633457012474537,
0.012736127711832523,
0.04155246913433075,
0.02335697039961815,
0.022534769028425217,
-0.018158189952373505,
0.004021145403385162,
0.03170078992843628,
-0.01638217084109783,
0.0098529402166605,
-0.03753311559557915,
0.016344355419278145,
-0.008752789348363876,
-0.06602422147989273,
-0.019493112340569496,
0.030041227117180824,
-0.06388892233371735,
-0.09003113210201263,
-0.004440260119736195,
0.0338202603161335,
0.02346525341272354,
-0.0804675742983818,
-0.007133429404348135,
0.014116918668150902,
0.015730638056993484,
-0.0212081465870142,
0.06040901690721512,
-0.0175335630774498,
0.010045379400253296,
0.001314601511694491,
-0.002194465370848775,
0.021224798634648323,
-0.047774787992239,
-0.03216180577874184,
0.042999349534511566,
0.0008619444561190903
] |
PMID:6481 | Variation in aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in heteroploid and predominantly diploid rat liver cells in culture. | Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture. There is substantial variation in both basal and inducible hydroxylase activities among heteroploid subclones isolated from a heteroploid parent population, and among diploid subclones isolated from a diploid parent population. This variation is not related to differences in the growth characteristics of the subclones, or to differences in their chromosome number. The results indicate that substantial heterogeneity in both basal and induced hydroxylase activity develops during the growth of both heteroploid and diploid cell strains in culture. These findings indicate that diploid cell populations are not necessarily homogeneous with respect to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylas activity. This observation may complicate the interpretation of experiments involving somatic cell hybridization or polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced transformation and/or cytotoxicity. This heterogeneity in hydroxylase activity develops rather rapidly (2-3 mo of culture), in the absence of any apparent mutational stress. | Variation in aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in heteroploid and predominantly diploid rat liver cells in culture. Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture. There is substantial variation in both basal and inducible hydroxylase activities among heteroploid subclones isolated from a heteroploid parent population, and among diploid subclones isolated from a diploid parent population. This variation is not related to differences in the growth characteristics of the subclones, or to differences in their chromosome number. The results indicate that substantial heterogeneity in both basal and induced hydroxylase activity develops during the growth of both heteroploid and diploid cell strains in culture. These findings indicate that diploid cell populations are not necessarily homogeneous with respect to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylas activity. This observation may complicate the interpretation of experiments involving somatic cell hybridization or polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced transformation and/or cytotoxicity. This heterogeneity in hydroxylase activity develops rather rapidly (2-3 mo of culture), in the absence of any apparent mutational stress. | [
0.008041189052164555,
-0.022745760157704353,
-0.052417851984500885,
0.0011046924628317356,
0.018111979588866234,
-0.02351580373942852,
-0.011156371794641018,
-0.007377479691058397,
-0.05177772790193558,
-0.0052973562851548195,
0.057421181350946426,
-0.07714885473251343,
-0.007470802403986454,
-0.045290034264326096,
-0.03203801438212395,
0.027985386550426483,
-0.03222719952464104,
-0.05586542934179306,
-0.019815659150481224,
0.01233847625553608,
-0.03213854879140854,
-0.006025073584169149,
0.0023078778758645058,
0.016419822350144386,
0.0276679378002882,
0.06852016597986221,
-0.026941604912281036,
0.010144348256289959,
-0.05097758024930954,
-0.21854235231876373,
0.06322389096021652,
0.010211747139692307,
0.022753451019525528,
-0.032811157405376434,
0.02300287038087845,
-0.008758356794714928,
-0.015306472778320312,
0.016247188672423363,
0.01157698780298233,
0.04981030523777008,
0.00615539588034153,
-0.02217666059732437,
-0.02137579582631588,
0.0217931866645813,
0.03580343350768089,
-0.0037630426231771708,
-0.056311726570129395,
0.013843596912920475,
0.04524743929505348,
-0.027121011167764664,
0.004015246871858835,
-0.05996595323085785,
0.01990913413465023,
0.014868234284222126,
-0.010119169019162655,
-0.009360106661915779,
0.05183401703834534,
0.07832828909158707,
-0.036696482449769974,
0.04950010031461716,
-0.03237615153193474,
0.04215746000409126,
-0.1251600831747055,
0.08033136278390884,
0.020438991487026215,
0.011214559897780418,
-0.04198979213833809,
-0.03108680434525013,
0.05807526037096977,
0.01127531472593546,
-0.06983537971973419,
0.03653823584318161,
0.03535998985171318,
0.029606778174638748,
0.015901461243629456,
0.00009561771003063768,
-0.044652946293354034,
-0.028342153877019882,
0.04050435498356819,
-0.014007396064698696,
0.01802021823823452,
-0.04329856485128403,
-0.007159282919019461,
-0.032498884946107864,
-0.022745823487639427,
-0.033286552876234055,
-0.01924707554280758,
-0.06654999405145645,
0.014747379347682,
0.022873779758810997,
-0.024243786931037903,
0.007220212835818529,
0.011360510252416134,
-0.025277087464928627,
-0.03562004119157791,
0.048370663076639175,
0.024014467373490334,
-0.014680666849017143,
0.04377942904829979,
0.39568984508514404,
-0.0640522688627243,
-0.007744908798485994,
-0.07279767841100693,
-0.013689812272787094,
-0.06686823815107346,
0.06198067590594292,
-0.05255812406539917,
-0.03964186832308769,
0.013294652104377747,
0.03589414060115814,
0.03183126077055931,
-0.011306526139378548,
0.010434241965413094,
-0.03478655219078064,
-0.070686474442482,
-0.082647904753685,
0.05837039276957512,
-0.018750254064798355,
-0.013382093980908394,
-0.0018647329416126013,
0.0304129458963871,
0.009066592901945114,
0.03450829163193703,
0.01633153297007084,
0.0681266188621521,
-0.005567158106714487,
-0.009584780782461166,
0.09685428440570831,
0.06847430765628815,
0.0011612247908487916,
0.023663688451051712,
0.03017255663871765,
0.026539282873272896,
-0.023814257234334946,
-0.033117134124040604,
-0.01933431625366211,
-0.012693917378783226,
-0.029953766614198685,
-0.009828823618590832,
-0.0207451730966568,
-0.008475925773382187,
-0.0895865187048912,
-0.02652857080101967,
-0.04731084406375885,
-0.06407163292169571,
0.14952963590621948,
0.03064177930355072,
0.017305729910731316,
0.009173438884317875,
0.013087542727589607,
0.03512207046151161,
0.05698384344577789,
-0.02500952035188675,
0.07034212350845337,
-0.009691225364804268,
0.056406136602163315,
-0.05066462606191635,
0.01253474596887827,
0.02932439185678959,
-0.0073678758926689625,
-0.0494551882147789,
0.03637831285595894,
-0.0025280900299549103,
0.09288056194782257,
0.05511379987001419,
-0.01582469418644905,
-0.0468704029917717,
0.037335459142923355,
0.033465445041656494,
-0.025199824944138527,
-0.010081296786665916,
-0.008420408703386784,
-0.003770901123061776,
0.014598448760807514,
-0.0399889312684536,
-0.028988832607865334,
-0.035425037145614624,
0.04922426491975784,
-0.0026260633021593094,
0.03383919596672058,
0.04893583431839943,
-0.0297781303524971,
-0.010267538949847221,
0.06377838551998138,
0.018859481438994408,
-0.04134944826364517,
-0.02250545285642147,
-0.019898030906915665,
0.0324065200984478,
0.07347919046878815,
-0.05816899985074997,
0.012272590771317482,
-0.01998591423034668,
0.014166617766022682,
0.01370647456496954,
-0.05566435307264328,
-0.004587186966091394,
0.026764150708913803,
0.05269111320376396,
-0.0008366473484784365,
0.08340100198984146,
0.03475062921643257,
0.006054909434169531,
0.0598137192428112,
-0.02856580540537834,
0.08569130301475525,
0.02144056372344494,
-0.008725544437766075,
0.036802344024181366,
0.0060401312075555325,
-0.07434027642011642,
-0.03904080018401146,
-0.046966392546892166,
0.032827459275722504,
-0.034510236233472824,
0.08968400955200195,
-0.010252012871205807,
0.016915084794163704,
0.056588370352983475,
-0.010414233431220055,
0.06398212909698486,
-0.07037829607725143,
0.04944818466901779,
-0.26852697134017944,
-0.03620319068431854,
-0.04538647085428238,
-0.038862649351358414,
0.005163013003766537,
0.018992038443684578,
0.020602146163582802,
-0.010822421871125698,
0.02047043666243553,
-0.0132553456351161,
0.022694258019328117,
0.1027979925274849,
-0.020398851484060287,
0.0048757982440292835,
-0.016225481405854225,
0.05306750908493996,
-0.024485569447278976,
-0.018170518800616264,
0.02834533527493477,
0.026693515479564667,
0.009110053069889545,
0.0017841142835095525,
0.023946991190314293,
-0.03561001643538475,
0.05904504284262657,
-0.05289745330810547,
0.09614492952823639,
0.0126299187541008,
0.0016511392313987017,
0.023969309404492378,
0.015083778649568558,
0.0415392704308033,
-0.02504870481789112,
-0.08726732432842255,
-0.003510831156745553,
-0.05383863300085068,
-0.012402765452861786,
-0.04039840027689934,
-0.011855166405439377,
0.015023202635347843,
-0.008200881071388721,
-0.043199922889471054,
-0.0010435642907395959,
-0.09567441791296005,
-0.04134912043809891,
-0.021682942286133766,
0.021152840927243233,
0.036160245537757874,
-0.06990477442741394,
-0.024427808821201324,
0.0677734836935997,
-0.015514924190938473,
-0.009972961619496346,
0.0033089483622461557,
0.029246564954519272,
-0.019391296431422234,
-0.06385373324155807,
0.014803607016801834,
-0.061687909066677094,
-0.02698289044201374,
0.0050557819195091724,
-0.024715367704629898,
-0.017026707530021667,
0.024891918525099754,
0.029967214912176132,
0.006970399059355259,
-0.037422340363264084,
-0.030519025400280952,
0.054589495062828064,
0.014996626414358616,
0.013793960213661194,
0.12255199998617172,
-0.006809677463024855,
-0.01345809455960989,
-0.0062941801734268665,
-0.00284339371137321,
-0.06874661892652512,
-0.01555565558373928,
-0.07762260735034943,
0.01050873938947916,
-0.01943226344883442,
-0.08254341781139374,
0.013608663342893124,
0.033749956637620926,
-0.04793587327003479,
-0.024058254435658455,
0.012389536947011948,
-0.0144971227273345,
0.0393780916929245,
0.03230990469455719,
0.025511961430311203,
0.01776963472366333,
-0.003324501682072878,
-0.06222311034798622,
0.009994344785809517,
-0.024785414338111877,
-0.29085683822631836,
-0.03984331339597702,
0.015861721709370613,
0.01924649439752102,
0.013186770491302013,
0.022099466994404793,
0.029983967542648315,
-0.008803878910839558,
0.029255596920847893,
-0.001402723602950573,
0.05045938864350319,
0.012463266029953957,
0.09164201468229294,
0.08509066700935364,
-0.041445620357990265,
-0.008817743510007858,
0.0022927282843738794,
-0.032351408153772354,
-0.010024326853454113,
-0.0261052418500185,
0.050441183149814606,
-0.05269332230091095,
0.12116776406764984,
0.021123483777046204,
0.05966196954250336,
0.024790842086076736,
0.011356287635862827,
0.021821914240717888,
-0.032402653247117996,
0.06770781427621841,
-0.030098900198936462,
0.006853952072560787,
0.08268829435110092,
-0.062048040330410004,
0.019570861011743546,
0.04628615826368332,
-0.0010439903708174825,
-0.02899421937763691,
-0.00006082053005229682,
-0.006916458252817392,
-0.02804236114025116,
-0.0268736332654953,
-0.0870874896645546,
-0.03926393762230873,
0.029681243002414703,
-0.024359939619898796,
-0.03336917608976364,
-0.046457696706056595,
0.01746240258216858,
-0.012605688534677029,
-0.015396852977573872,
0.03164580091834068,
-0.0188582930713892,
0.0717984214425087,
0.011900557205080986,
0.025732723996043205,
-0.0049039884470403194,
-0.008303574286401272,
0.0347415991127491,
0.04252026230096817,
0.03107854537665844,
-0.005792869720607996,
-0.044164735823869705,
0.1344153881072998,
0.003322780830785632
] |
PMID:6484 | Isocratic separation of some purine nucleotide, nucleoside, and base metabolites from biological extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. | Separation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenine, adenosine, cAMP, ITP, IDP, IMP, hypoxanthine, inosine, cIMP, the guanine series, NAD, NADPH, xanthine, 3-methylxanthine, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine was accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography with a microparticulate reversed-phase column. Under isocratic conditions all compounds could be eluted with reasonable resolution and retention time. Quantitation by peak height for several of the compounds was used to the 10-ng level. | Isocratic separation of some purine nucleotide, nucleoside, and base metabolites from biological extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. Separation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenine, adenosine, cAMP, ITP, IDP, IMP, hypoxanthine, inosine, cIMP, the guanine series, NAD, NADPH, xanthine, 3-methylxanthine, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine was accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography with a microparticulate reversed-phase column. Under isocratic conditions all compounds could be eluted with reasonable resolution and retention time. Quantitation by peak height for several of the compounds was used to the 10-ng level. | [
-0.041824474930763245,
-0.023794323205947876,
0.014006420969963074,
-0.009612686932086945,
0.04293274134397507,
-0.0065328264608979225,
0.050596099346876144,
0.03377523273229599,
-0.05695132538676262,
0.010840903036296368,
0.02669582888484001,
-0.02327815070748329,
-0.012724390253424644,
-0.030514417216181755,
-0.053031858056783676,
-0.04316924884915352,
0.04935263842344284,
0.003760341554880142,
-0.017924578860402107,
-0.011016687378287315,
0.004846979398280382,
-0.03438987210392952,
-0.038183391094207764,
-0.031027765944600105,
0.03447876498103142,
0.01965557038784027,
0.012165505439043045,
-0.02674429677426815,
-0.06724626570940018,
-0.1802014261484146,
0.02864069864153862,
0.041555993258953094,
0.039640557020902634,
-0.0594603568315506,
0.02822801284492016,
0.05108390748500824,
-0.0199474785476923,
0.004002838861197233,
0.01849440485239029,
0.049439579248428345,
0.030514689162373543,
0.007729299366474152,
-0.06361197680234909,
0.048336759209632874,
-0.0049249567091465,
-0.010980573482811451,
-0.05941331759095192,
-0.0313994362950325,
0.10169516503810883,
0.007788701914250851,
-0.016484921798110008,
0.048190437257289886,
-0.011658500880002975,
0.03907761350274086,
0.010947208851575851,
0.023001953959465027,
0.036883872002363205,
0.020685503259301186,
-0.0691390112042427,
0.02783261612057686,
-0.02081817388534546,
0.029672127217054367,
-0.1227707639336586,
0.017786752432584763,
0.053851254284381866,
-0.007839640602469444,
-0.012414662167429924,
0.006232237908989191,
0.04189319536089897,
0.012242133729159832,
-0.0732840821146965,
0.033321090042591095,
0.015054278075695038,
0.014177230186760426,
0.010042891837656498,
-0.007991218939423561,
0.04314751178026199,
-0.048452287912368774,
0.025905421003699303,
-0.008503330871462822,
0.02422400191426277,
0.01593763940036297,
-0.0446549691259861,
-0.03594398498535156,
-0.0027000203263014555,
0.0002180785231757909,
0.013212376274168491,
-0.022640902549028397,
0.01511427853256464,
-0.009734038263559341,
-0.002453184686601162,
-0.008078171871602535,
-0.037165917456150055,
0.02325049228966236,
-0.029958905652165413,
-0.01632853038609028,
-0.0108696473762393,
-0.027585892006754875,
0.09986612945795059,
0.3859565258026123,
0.040544480085372925,
0.032035525888204575,
-0.026050498709082603,
-0.0453970730304718,
-0.02405683696269989,
-0.036344610154628754,
-0.03914368152618408,
-0.047151707112789154,
-0.008755865506827831,
0.015035323798656464,
0.021121162921190262,
0.024240383878350258,
0.07403650134801865,
-0.02291519194841385,
0.008001947775483131,
0.00677937688305974,
-0.012967655435204506,
-0.03056059405207634,
-0.017957346513867378,
0.043446142226457596,
-0.03572475537657738,
-0.018758954480290413,
0.05952809378504753,
-0.02396867237985134,
0.015510949306190014,
-0.02406010963022709,
-0.0791727751493454,
0.10234983265399933,
0.05145811289548874,
0.0025323634035885334,
0.03907370939850807,
0.04117389768362045,
-0.01418503187596798,
0.03052334114909172,
0.010163729079067707,
-0.053101081401109695,
-0.01635369285941124,
-0.014363694004714489,
0.08081423491239548,
0.04171503707766533,
-0.0500558540225029,
-0.04369650036096573,
-0.024648159742355347,
-0.08181072026491165,
-0.07946290820837021,
0.09580919146537781,
0.0065211402252316475,
0.059924524277448654,
0.016628781333565712,
-0.020011279731988907,
0.024271290749311447,
0.06720104813575745,
0.015368688851594925,
-0.008994022384285927,
-0.02421475201845169,
0.021673839539289474,
0.0013628469314426184,
-0.010293519124388695,
-0.014206216670572758,
-0.008883724920451641,
-0.0697769820690155,
-0.03048202209174633,
0.04507208988070488,
0.1145852729678154,
-0.036999862641096115,
-0.02754049375653267,
-0.026241786777973175,
0.010890485718846321,
-0.011992005631327629,
0.03633841499686241,
0.031356580555438995,
-0.04672280326485634,
-0.006548451259732246,
0.0216437429189682,
-0.0569036602973938,
-0.050781410187482834,
0.031047398224473,
-0.0027261036448180676,
0.037526585161685944,
-0.04699033498764038,
-0.009753648191690445,
0.01150687038898468,
-0.03785309940576553,
0.04533000662922859,
0.029898738488554955,
-0.02284814976155758,
-0.034345902502536774,
0.010740246623754501,
-0.020922895520925522,
0.0854908749461174,
-0.039317671209573746,
0.034601256251335144,
-0.07527215778827667,
0.03137536346912384,
-0.050356052815914154,
-0.01458024699240923,
-0.017703237012028694,
0.04962499067187309,
0.03808630630373955,
-0.05436220392584801,
0.028810130432248116,
0.0012525974307209253,
0.02944272942841053,
0.04786362126469612,
0.018271928653120995,
0.05908679962158203,
-0.0641157478094101,
0.005207874812185764,
0.039961326867341995,
0.04242480918765068,
0.01195076946169138,
0.02728656679391861,
0.018748527392745018,
0.04921513423323631,
-0.025303013622760773,
-0.00018050454673357308,
-0.0053754448890686035,
0.04238060861825943,
0.05912255868315697,
0.015114327892661095,
-0.01822466403245926,
-0.0448371097445488,
-0.03941495716571808,
-0.3092088997364044,
-0.005642279051244259,
0.0414707213640213,
0.0018709289142861962,
0.042362138628959656,
-0.038729164749383926,
0.04381833225488663,
-0.03219221159815788,
0.030241884291172028,
0.017486022785305977,
0.02461080439388752,
0.06442564725875854,
-0.032739993184804916,
-0.04237073287367821,
-0.07404234260320663,
0.07365790009498596,
0.022584598511457443,
-0.03277401253581047,
0.04075069725513458,
0.007711165584623814,
0.06970027089118958,
0.008268283680081367,
-0.033553287386894226,
0.04793068394064903,
0.02853623777627945,
-0.015209097415208817,
0.11750418692827225,
0.014324790798127651,
-0.008701005950570107,
0.024068107828497887,
-0.02868923358619213,
-0.010494386777281761,
-0.024443985894322395,
-0.10382964462041855,
-0.017109576612710953,
-0.03736859932541847,
-0.028803568333387375,
-0.017994290217757225,
0.01776423119008541,
-0.052850473672151566,
-0.007929904386401176,
0.022893961519002914,
0.053517166525125504,
-0.05040568485856056,
-0.006044146604835987,
-0.032008685171604156,
-0.039209842681884766,
0.01632707007229328,
-0.0015133109409362078,
-0.01384747214615345,
0.06805369257926941,
-0.006523803807795048,
0.013421495445072651,
-0.03518559783697128,
-0.024787742644548416,
-0.013258476741611958,
-0.0969092920422554,
-0.013397392816841602,
-0.1076996773481369,
0.023971544578671455,
0.02528173103928566,
0.033049289137125015,
-0.012981581501662731,
0.02687259018421173,
0.00036867655580863357,
0.003970951773226261,
0.06810664385557175,
-0.041488368064165115,
0.09298910200595856,
-0.023126039654016495,
0.0016912451246753335,
0.0819414034485817,
-0.03206910565495491,
-0.007421982474625111,
0.059282321482896805,
-0.015321506187319756,
-0.04117763414978981,
-0.05927662178874016,
-0.03926781937479973,
0.03559935837984085,
0.021568888798356056,
0.008953765965998173,
0.06611957401037216,
-0.03800618648529053,
0.004637451376765966,
0.025231042876839638,
0.03460846096277237,
-0.032765984535217285,
0.03275052458047867,
0.027692554518580437,
0.05301625654101372,
0.019623899832367897,
-0.03745248541235924,
0.002598188817501068,
0.07236181199550629,
0.04904831945896149,
-0.27588093280792236,
-0.002574932761490345,
-0.01887209340929985,
0.023726357147097588,
0.00006315562495728955,
-0.02937372960150242,
0.018619483336806297,
-0.055986445397138596,
-0.022642072290182114,
0.026876451447606087,
0.015159874223172665,
0.016883669421076775,
0.04936152696609497,
0.02734391763806343,
-0.041206587105989456,
0.018762215971946716,
0.059247616678476334,
-0.006065906025469303,
0.03331902623176575,
-0.029181454330682755,
0.06011755391955376,
-0.05774775519967079,
0.13664263486862183,
-0.027767077088356018,
-0.05379892885684967,
0.03271706402301788,
-0.008711031638085842,
0.027681855484843254,
-0.07648736238479614,
-0.01109505258500576,
-0.040701959282159805,
-0.004430178552865982,
0.09156445413827896,
-0.024025192484259605,
0.011388949118554592,
0.0666908323764801,
0.020341450348496437,
0.033544015139341354,
0.002122029662132263,
0.004277834203094244,
-0.04648749902844429,
-0.03189939633011818,
-0.06901289522647858,
-0.06402838975191116,
0.053344544023275375,
-0.12468236684799194,
-0.01631927490234375,
-0.09302420914173126,
0.01349414698779583,
-0.005054650828242302,
-0.024859845638275146,
-0.008586340583860874,
-0.003942194860428572,
0.025073794648051262,
-0.009046117775142193,
-0.0012038213899359107,
-0.03795819729566574,
-0.009379762224853039,
0.03338422253727913,
-0.0378410778939724,
-0.04832394793629646,
-0.002886916045099497,
0.028031522408127785,
0.12840910255908966,
-0.009515221230685711
] |
PMID:6486 | Synthetic MIF has no effect on beta-MSH and ACTH hypersecretion in Nelson's syndrome. | The effect of synthetic MIF (H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on beta-MSH secretion was studied in five patients with Nelson's syndrome and in one patient with Addison's disease. Two milligrams of the tripetide were injected intravenously (1 mg in an acute injection, followed by a 30-minute-infusion of 1 mg in 20 ml of saline solution). No consistent effect could be observed during the 90-minute period after the beginning of the infusion. In the same patients, LVP stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests brought about significant changes in the plasma beta-MSH and ACTH levels. | Synthetic MIF has no effect on beta-MSH and ACTH hypersecretion in Nelson's syndrome. The effect of synthetic MIF (H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) on beta-MSH secretion was studied in five patients with Nelson's syndrome and in one patient with Addison's disease. Two milligrams of the tripetide were injected intravenously (1 mg in an acute injection, followed by a 30-minute-infusion of 1 mg in 20 ml of saline solution). No consistent effect could be observed during the 90-minute period after the beginning of the infusion. In the same patients, LVP stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests brought about significant changes in the plasma beta-MSH and ACTH levels. | [
-0.024864422157406807,
0.010032202117145061,
0.013105950318276882,
0.025495650246739388,
-0.02762240171432495,
0.0030886922031641006,
0.016210375353693962,
-0.013204720802605152,
-0.05460481718182564,
-0.04804560914635658,
0.024179741740226746,
-0.006763737183064222,
0.05483148247003555,
0.04411502182483673,
-0.0017396959010511637,
-0.014036684297025204,
0.03537694737315178,
-0.04970584437251091,
-0.07780291140079498,
0.010284312069416046,
-0.013298321515321732,
-0.017266487702727318,
-0.013026000000536442,
0.004700606223195791,
-0.0035275304690003395,
0.05195645987987518,
0.009180275723338127,
0.007511801086366177,
-0.06335985660552979,
-0.20118258893489838,
0.052490588277578354,
0.03539244085550308,
0.010492734611034393,
-0.02937515825033188,
-0.058789849281311035,
0.011096817441284657,
-0.040172528475522995,
0.0033922188449651003,
0.02660691738128662,
0.03812875598669052,
0.0672205314040184,
-0.015205062925815582,
-0.0029176422394812107,
-0.027957936748862267,
0.0035307304933667183,
0.03753121197223663,
-0.013508552685379982,
0.03310837224125862,
0.07775289565324783,
0.06869598478078842,
-0.037782952189445496,
-0.0016432841075584292,
0.03098321706056595,
0.06917674094438553,
0.01705271378159523,
-0.008677816949784756,
-0.032667309045791626,
0.0035454253666102886,
-0.02084925025701523,
0.010538624599575996,
-0.011243890039622784,
0.05933409556746483,
-0.1754358857870102,
0.0176986213773489,
0.017488034442067146,
0.041248973459005356,
-0.04634982720017433,
-0.06931598484516144,
0.06832759082317352,
0.03779906779527664,
-0.045519161969423294,
0.037711404263973236,
0.0201302170753479,
0.002811242127791047,
0.023270979523658752,
0.011259393766522408,
0.012945334427058697,
-0.013571474701166153,
0.00022133598395157605,
-0.0034332959912717342,
0.020695634186267853,
-0.029284652322530746,
0.015876978635787964,
-0.06419776380062103,
0.007087644189596176,
0.006669280584901571,
0.004555722698569298,
-0.019163504242897034,
-0.02115817368030548,
-0.016083769500255585,
-0.02710561268031597,
-0.04294239357113838,
0.026017211377620697,
-0.024703482165932655,
-0.06944761425256729,
0.03133155778050423,
-0.0075111715123057365,
-0.025836607441306114,
-0.03469047695398331,
0.3926624059677124,
-0.02991284243762493,
0.028618762269616127,
-0.09458483010530472,
-0.0224849134683609,
-0.0038734637200832367,
0.005162724759429693,
-0.04241294413805008,
0.023736771196126938,
0.01491888239979744,
0.030516499653458595,
0.04214949533343315,
-0.026410643011331558,
0.060120027512311935,
-0.021321643143892288,
-0.059975869953632355,
0.0229048915207386,
0.061592474579811096,
0.043924737721681595,
-0.06402967125177383,
-0.0031082462519407272,
-0.022904211655259132,
0.008150815032422543,
0.04202140495181084,
-0.0387658029794693,
-0.0075835841707885265,
-0.020437557250261307,
-0.0031649696175009012,
0.07432365417480469,
0.04097280278801918,
0.006241779308766127,
0.006676423829048872,
0.04317711666226387,
-0.02834983542561531,
0.009709103964269161,
0.008048271760344505,
0.010596617124974728,
-0.002641018247231841,
-0.04731760919094086,
0.04785827919840813,
0.00619441969320178,
0.04774375259876251,
-0.000609310285653919,
-0.07866111397743225,
-0.04008084535598755,
-0.03691181167960167,
0.06070416048169136,
0.016081063076853752,
-0.005273880902677774,
-0.002026517177000642,
0.0674249678850174,
0.04646368697285652,
0.022864963859319687,
-0.07249466329813004,
0.010049350559711456,
-0.03104018047451973,
-0.016147393733263016,
-0.02495337650179863,
0.004850105848163366,
-0.03404298424720764,
-0.0025730265770107508,
-0.08791342377662659,
-0.022113442420959473,
0.0009187172981910408,
0.032589104026556015,
0.015028698369860649,
-0.04532167315483093,
-0.021099446341395378,
0.006606450304389,
0.0174273569136858,
-0.048701561987400055,
-0.019902503117918968,
0.014783626422286034,
-0.021223247051239014,
0.036638326942920685,
-0.023403992876410484,
-0.050377439707517624,
-0.017131797969341278,
0.01121069211512804,
0.05485648289322853,
-0.029799841344356537,
-0.0035781378392130136,
0.0038666781038045883,
-0.001059451955370605,
-0.02772420272231102,
0.03260262310504913,
-0.07376102358102798,
-0.002466951496899128,
0.0460396334528923,
0.08331563323736191,
-0.014970499090850353,
-0.039969250559806824,
0.00879506953060627,
-0.08847802877426147,
-0.0023033993784338236,
0.03002486191689968,
-0.07799920439720154,
-0.10817372798919678,
0.027776973322033882,
-0.01685902290046215,
0.0013781845336779952,
0.06363509595394135,
0.02718920074403286,
0.06717991828918457,
-0.002564679831266403,
0.06370078772306442,
0.0630984678864479,
-0.03347421810030937,
-0.009263196960091591,
0.06999003142118454,
-0.03894944489002228,
-0.022481853142380714,
0.02777520753443241,
0.0366990864276886,
0.002836160594597459,
-0.008443261496722698,
0.09448892623186111,
0.0015794455539435148,
-0.009701697155833244,
0.05209122598171234,
-0.03863299638032913,
0.022635092958807945,
-0.019892746582627296,
-0.06458459049463272,
-0.334802508354187,
-0.06994466483592987,
-0.00015000125858932734,
-0.05712934583425522,
0.02236400730907917,
-0.05390964448451996,
-0.011158223263919353,
-0.04836338013410568,
-0.022513043135404587,
-0.03916086256504059,
0.04369093477725983,
0.060837272554636,
-0.023162012919783592,
0.0059837279841303825,
0.013078887946903706,
0.015403944067656994,
0.05571521818637848,
-0.058846406638622284,
0.03658995404839516,
-0.004907737951725721,
-0.03466023504734039,
0.009521878324449062,
0.022998107597231865,
0.021103639155626297,
0.05187425762414932,
0.006403438281267881,
0.10780759900808334,
-0.006364576052874327,
-0.005241273902356625,
-0.0006911641103215516,
0.02415272407233715,
0.038488615304231644,
0.06135867163538933,
-0.075822614133358,
-0.008566554635763168,
-0.07228327542543411,
0.025724539533257484,
-0.0320838987827301,
-0.005405854899436235,
-0.007874527014791965,
-0.04697838053107262,
0.025763211771845818,
0.05237369239330292,
-0.056605443358421326,
-0.04571244493126869,
0.007694582920521498,
0.006365388166159391,
-0.0018545594066381454,
-0.05507638677954674,
0.0143886748701334,
0.019784947857260704,
0.006308644078671932,
0.021739980205893517,
-0.01208516489714384,
0.06600237637758255,
0.01013509463518858,
-0.10628402978181839,
-0.11050929874181747,
-0.07318156957626343,
0.008973737247288227,
0.036139115691185,
0.034866489470005035,
0.045194368809461594,
-0.04866880178451538,
-0.006319552659988403,
0.025831319391727448,
0.02197270281612873,
-0.0205122958868742,
0.06797272711992264,
0.10634978860616684,
0.010366471484303474,
0.07418480515480042,
-0.014486589469015598,
0.0681176707148552,
0.05788706988096237,
-0.003543860511854291,
-0.033739544451236725,
-0.05670750141143799,
-0.05585983768105507,
0.027649158611893654,
0.02045259065926075,
0.0007783902692608535,
0.03297241032123566,
0.054653700441122055,
0.010822419077157974,
0.020213980227708817,
0.03742418810725212,
-0.015550012700259686,
-0.017802614718675613,
-0.01857178844511509,
0.013809731230139732,
-0.008972861804068089,
-0.021807333454489708,
-0.024918600916862488,
0.00031116034369915724,
0.018059635534882545,
-0.27028289437294006,
-0.026324130594730377,
0.00744607113301754,
0.00033029477344825864,
-0.021729424595832825,
0.015582093968987465,
0.033488478511571884,
-0.016070809215307236,
-0.04599398747086525,
0.015467711724340916,
0.035293154418468475,
0.016842128708958626,
0.1287829875946045,
0.002207625424489379,
-0.017235342413187027,
-0.008793255314230919,
0.0023391074500977993,
0.016172006726264954,
-0.006153449881821871,
-0.042004454880952835,
0.01669975556433201,
-0.001670373254455626,
0.14295774698257446,
0.02362685091793537,
-0.050052713602781296,
0.06975363940000534,
0.09066855907440186,
0.07205937057733536,
-0.022992830723524094,
0.05351048335433006,
0.041505370289087296,
-0.05257410556077957,
0.05953798443078995,
-0.01293622050434351,
0.012545473873615265,
0.018421564251184464,
-0.02995898574590683,
0.008274714462459087,
-0.0006337811937555671,
0.02724899724125862,
0.002530626254156232,
0.03143903613090515,
-0.03889105096459389,
0.02126249484717846,
0.03221888840198517,
-0.07115890830755234,
0.020247671753168106,
0.004776623100042343,
-0.006705715786665678,
0.04651976004242897,
-0.023993853479623795,
0.011102572083473206,
0.004201540723443031,
0.03275921568274498,
-0.0033530122600495815,
-0.027217436581850052,
-0.00800318643450737,
-0.029867839068174362,
-0.021603938192129135,
0.026912115514278412,
-0.029832880944013596,
0.0042836302891373634,
-0.04031091928482056,
0.049354758113622665,
-0.017962854355573654
] |
PMID:6487 | Description of a polyvalent conjugate and a new serogroup of Bacteroides melaninogenicus by fluorescent antibody staining. | A polyvalent conjugate (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody reagent) containing serogroups A, B, and C conjugates was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate gave a positive fluorescent antibody (FA) stain with 49 stains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus representing serogroups A, B, and C. When additional strains (92 strains) of the three subspecies of B. melaninogenicus were examined by the FA stain, with A, B, and C, and polyvalent conjugates, nine strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius failed to give a positive stain with any conjugate. Therefore, an FA conjugate was prepared with the antiserum to one of these strains (532-70A); all nine strains stained positively with this conjugate. These nine strains were biochemically characteristic of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius; thus, these strains were designated as a new serogroup, serogroup C-1. A new polyvalent conjugate containing serogroups A, B, C, and C-1 was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate stained positively with 23 representative strains from serogroups A, B, C, and C-1. The new conjugates failed to stain positively with other anaerobes and aerobes tested. The four individual conjugates, as well as the polyvalent conjugate, may be used for a more rapid identification of B. melaninogenicus than is possible by biochemical testing. | Description of a polyvalent conjugate and a new serogroup of Bacteroides melaninogenicus by fluorescent antibody staining. A polyvalent conjugate (fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody reagent) containing serogroups A, B, and C conjugates was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate gave a positive fluorescent antibody (FA) stain with 49 stains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus representing serogroups A, B, and C. When additional strains (92 strains) of the three subspecies of B. melaninogenicus were examined by the FA stain, with A, B, and C, and polyvalent conjugates, nine strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius failed to give a positive stain with any conjugate. Therefore, an FA conjugate was prepared with the antiserum to one of these strains (532-70A); all nine strains stained positively with this conjugate. These nine strains were biochemically characteristic of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius; thus, these strains were designated as a new serogroup, serogroup C-1. A new polyvalent conjugate containing serogroups A, B, C, and C-1 was prepared. This polyvalent conjugate stained positively with 23 representative strains from serogroups A, B, C, and C-1. The new conjugates failed to stain positively with other anaerobes and aerobes tested. The four individual conjugates, as well as the polyvalent conjugate, may be used for a more rapid identification of B. melaninogenicus than is possible by biochemical testing. | [
-0.047715574502944946,
-0.043010689318180084,
-0.07752233743667603,
-0.01350670587271452,
0.07515383511781693,
-0.025437405332922935,
0.019815795123577118,
0.04341382905840874,
-0.05405782163143158,
-0.018643230199813843,
0.014882341958582401,
-0.0789313092827797,
0.002899691229686141,
-0.009310414083302021,
-0.009294179268181324,
-0.011497247032821178,
-0.015077291987836361,
-0.012382946908473969,
-0.012940718792378902,
0.035049356520175934,
0.025577371940016747,
0.032520610839128494,
-0.004768529441207647,
-0.05131952837109566,
0.0304467361420393,
0.03192402422428131,
0.030473636463284492,
-0.044692061841487885,
-0.05265529826283455,
-0.1898871511220932,
-0.05164564028382301,
-0.045110903680324554,
0.024875188246369362,
-0.016991369426250458,
-0.035294950008392334,
0.005123879760503769,
-0.0012760557001456618,
0.0032078258227556944,
-0.026807129383087158,
0.04912068322300911,
0.056537192314863205,
0.030981797724962234,
-0.011561639606952667,
0.02692287415266037,
0.006341977510601282,
0.019028864800930023,
-0.016480272635817528,
0.005582338664680719,
0.029517320916056633,
0.004502678290009499,
0.0540190190076828,
-0.08697842806577682,
0.014126571826636791,
0.06953343749046326,
-0.04440535977482796,
0.05806697532534599,
0.03735390678048134,
-0.009133642539381981,
-0.005142420530319214,
-0.006619688123464584,
0.06318362802267075,
0.05761551856994629,
-0.0935342088341713,
0.060648903250694275,
0.0026522702537477016,
0.006384329870343208,
-0.027439193800091743,
-0.09343957155942917,
0.020499926060438156,
0.03218775987625122,
-0.046844083815813065,
0.014873472973704338,
-0.05166309326887131,
0.013380530290305614,
0.03078058362007141,
0.01481052115559578,
0.03015216812491417,
-0.039427753537893295,
0.023880138993263245,
-0.01885330304503441,
-0.035194747149944305,
0.031524401158094406,
0.006036486942321062,
-0.03761293366551399,
0.03691262751817703,
-0.048308733850717545,
-0.011957158334553242,
-0.041713956743478775,
0.07051219046115875,
0.058991849422454834,
0.026203978806734085,
-0.016897384077310562,
-0.009817956015467644,
-0.033301953226327896,
-0.04311969131231308,
0.022128725424408913,
0.019978126510977745,
0.042836979031562805,
0.0394834540784359,
0.4243665337562561,
-0.04037243872880936,
-0.0567450188100338,
-0.009502141736447811,
-0.014004063792526722,
-0.0031763026490807533,
-0.028027353808283806,
-0.012602242641150951,
-0.02222754992544651,
-0.031066153198480606,
0.012012112885713577,
-0.01686047948896885,
-0.007644189987331629,
0.04022332653403282,
-0.02488766983151436,
-0.05261097103357315,
-0.006676635704934597,
0.0275094173848629,
0.02911505103111267,
-0.019412869587540627,
-0.013133795000612736,
0.02740192413330078,
-0.04627072811126709,
0.007731499616056681,
-0.03556729108095169,
0.06351343542337418,
-0.008372661657631397,
-0.012653966434299946,
0.08816231787204742,
0.06091703847050667,
-0.0020579248666763306,
0.005617075599730015,
0.04686720669269562,
-0.024767329916357994,
0.013748329132795334,
-0.007955904118716717,
0.0076324050314724445,
-0.0003902969474438578,
0.024693382903933525,
-0.005046412348747253,
0.024675143882632256,
-0.01593433879315853,
-0.07473798096179962,
-0.0075194695964455605,
-0.05444673076272011,
-0.055064983665943146,
0.045057814568281174,
-0.05753496289253235,
0.007864542305469513,
-0.018337290734052658,
0.015722909942269325,
-0.0005072983331046999,
0.07492095232009888,
-0.1011001393198967,
0.030229900032281876,
-0.03221398591995239,
0.0005743653746321797,
0.007144295610487461,
0.0022909175604581833,
-0.005355935078114271,
-0.02886034920811653,
-0.0368611179292202,
0.00012687622802332044,
0.023579489439725876,
0.05059086158871651,
0.02285982109606266,
-0.04749872907996178,
0.028282184153795242,
-0.014542762190103531,
0.02350057289004326,
-0.03627518564462662,
0.025909895077347755,
-0.04461049288511276,
-0.003956299275159836,
-0.00013816005957778543,
-0.04884898290038109,
0.020157990977168083,
-0.007687245961278677,
0.03372558206319809,
0.01762550324201584,
0.037675995379686356,
-0.006634546909481287,
-0.024183832108974457,
-0.04090180620551109,
0.014538498595356941,
0.06652660667896271,
-0.02802780643105507,
-0.017997562885284424,
0.053728602826595306,
-0.009485158137977123,
0.06568841636180878,
-0.005875398404896259,
-0.011120430193841457,
-0.06179649010300636,
0.02845888026058674,
-0.0066987620666623116,
0.007984059862792492,
-0.06680455803871155,
-0.017088139429688454,
0.0070158070884644985,
0.010378208942711353,
0.08520150184631348,
0.011914029717445374,
-0.03943556174635887,
-0.012888152152299881,
0.04341519623994827,
0.006378557998687029,
0.07129048556089401,
0.031628161668777466,
0.020801203325390816,
-0.020319867879152298,
-0.035703517496585846,
0.044222746044397354,
-0.0336398109793663,
0.026398971676826477,
-0.03266579657793045,
-0.0018847197061404586,
-0.004715427290648222,
0.027172332629561424,
0.06826532632112503,
0.04560932144522667,
0.008894885890185833,
-0.009390450082719326,
-0.01057799719274044,
-0.33529919385910034,
-0.011675442568957806,
0.02168690785765648,
-0.015264509245753288,
0.011668737977743149,
0.02039523795247078,
-0.007917797192931175,
0.005884264595806599,
0.03858228772878647,
-0.035398151725530624,
0.0574360266327858,
0.09131461381912231,
-0.02584003284573555,
-0.028277937322854996,
-0.005168627016246319,
0.06693700700998306,
0.04017767310142517,
0.013968948274850845,
0.03542952612042427,
-0.016771120950579643,
0.020037418231368065,
-0.0284369345754385,
0.09059368073940277,
0.0471438430249691,
0.0592678003013134,
-0.005371796432882547,
0.16642634570598602,
0.058755166828632355,
-0.01889592409133911,
0.012622803449630737,
0.009405827149748802,
0.042927201837301254,
-0.05153945833444595,
-0.03712277486920357,
0.008337590843439102,
0.028118807822465897,
-0.06738686561584473,
-0.025252338498830795,
-0.018487436696887016,
-0.023376591503620148,
0.046212855726480484,
0.022913586348295212,
-0.017201870679855347,
-0.09504584223031998,
0.037607356905937195,
-0.04601268842816353,
0.026084208860993385,
-0.0370771586894989,
-0.004365409724414349,
0.019273214042186737,
-0.017880095168948174,
-0.06805513799190521,
0.011369210667908192,
0.04034498706459999,
0.004915633704513311,
-0.02590189315378666,
-0.023055892437696457,
-0.02174815535545349,
-0.023786842823028564,
-0.006604671478271484,
0.024488331750035286,
-0.009935297071933746,
0.04962559789419174,
-0.024848734959959984,
0.0016455169534310699,
-0.004044471774250269,
-0.00877539161592722,
-0.03218213841319084,
0.06381820142269135,
0.016419369727373123,
0.0024130295496433973,
0.12898115813732147,
-0.030159655958414078,
0.026291372254490852,
-0.007225177716463804,
0.0819823369383812,
0.025190018117427826,
-0.025127187371253967,
-0.06245308369398117,
0.015514026395976543,
-0.0056836772710084915,
-0.026590395718812943,
0.017939575016498566,
0.011951682157814503,
-0.030871137976646423,
0.017173683270812035,
-0.00003971941987401806,
-0.03704264760017395,
0.0933590829372406,
0.05245990306138992,
-0.01925009861588478,
-0.027503905817866325,
-0.006005329545587301,
-0.009399897418916225,
-0.02262478694319725,
0.029225174337625504,
-0.25866904854774475,
0.014430020935833454,
0.03942553326487541,
0.05439019948244095,
0.028217904269695282,
0.03589712083339691,
0.034375082701444626,
-0.0946476012468338,
0.0014581091236323118,
-0.02074338309466839,
0.053631678223609924,
0.0011242491891607642,
0.030723493546247482,
-0.02454335242509842,
0.013727915473282337,
0.01016482338309288,
0.02382633462548256,
-0.021795829758048058,
-0.014328094199299812,
-0.06257723271846771,
-0.017980284988880157,
-0.1068466454744339,
0.14022457599639893,
0.07545144110918045,
-0.03966214507818222,
0.020822269842028618,
0.06136238947510719,
0.034241583198308945,
-0.0010078158229589462,
-0.005661277566105127,
0.003685956820845604,
0.010527041740715504,
0.07995149493217468,
-0.07544747740030289,
0.03866146132349968,
0.017903180792927742,
0.000675871386192739,
-0.02574508637189865,
-0.030282875522971153,
0.005764621775597334,
-0.038025423884391785,
-0.0042721787467598915,
-0.053511835634708405,
-0.05960763990879059,
0.04791463166475296,
0.0069620246067643166,
-0.026344459503889084,
-0.03572852164506912,
-0.04703057184815407,
-0.002970250556245446,
-0.0020878990180790424,
-0.03904150426387787,
-0.0010731511283665895,
-0.035085663199424744,
0.036045998334884644,
-0.041213762015104294,
-0.04370148107409477,
0.02357581816613674,
0.0061265164986252785,
-0.02269868180155754,
0.022547904402017593,
-0.07202417403459549,
-0.07894515991210938,
0.10547105967998505,
-0.04138616472482681
] |
PMID:6488 | Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia. Evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular (H+). | It is generally believed that the reduction in plasma [HCO3] characteristic of chronic hypocapnia results from renal homeostatic mechanisms designed to minimize the alkalemia produced by.the hypocapneic state. To test this hypothesis, we have induced chronic hypocapnia in dogs in which plasma [HCO3] had previously been markedly reduced (from 21 to 15 meq/liter) by the prolonged feeding of HCl. The PaCO2 of chronically acid-fed animals was reduced from 32 to 15 mm Hg by placing the animials in a large environmental chamber containing 9% oxygen. In response to this reduction in PaCO2, mean plasma [HCO3] fell by 8.6 meq/liter, reaching a new steady-state level of 6.4 meq/liter. This decrement in plasma [HCO3] is almost identical to the 8.1 meq/liter decrement previously observed in normal (nonacid-fed) animals in which the same degree of chronic hypocapnia had been induced. Thus, in both normal and HCl-fed animals, the renal response to chronic hypocapnia causes plasma [HCO3] to fall by approximately 0.5 meq/liter for each millimeter of Hg reduction in CO2 tension. By contrast, the response of plasma [H+] in the two groups was markedly different. Instead of the fall in [H+] which is seen during chronic hypocapnia in normal animals, [H+] in HCl-fed animals rose significantly from 53 to 59 neq/liter (pH 7.28-7.23). This seemingly paradoxical response is, of course, an expression of the constraints imposed by the Henderson equation and reflects the fact that the percent fall in [HCO3] in the HCl-fed animals was greater than the percent fall in PaCO2. These findings clearly indicate that in chronic hypocapnia the kidney cannot be regarded as the effector limb in a homeostatic feedback system geared to the defense of systemic acidity. | Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia. Evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular (H+). It is generally believed that the reduction in plasma [HCO3] characteristic of chronic hypocapnia results from renal homeostatic mechanisms designed to minimize the alkalemia produced by.the hypocapneic state. To test this hypothesis, we have induced chronic hypocapnia in dogs in which plasma [HCO3] had previously been markedly reduced (from 21 to 15 meq/liter) by the prolonged feeding of HCl. The PaCO2 of chronically acid-fed animals was reduced from 32 to 15 mm Hg by placing the animials in a large environmental chamber containing 9% oxygen. In response to this reduction in PaCO2, mean plasma [HCO3] fell by 8.6 meq/liter, reaching a new steady-state level of 6.4 meq/liter. This decrement in plasma [HCO3] is almost identical to the 8.1 meq/liter decrement previously observed in normal (nonacid-fed) animals in which the same degree of chronic hypocapnia had been induced. Thus, in both normal and HCl-fed animals, the renal response to chronic hypocapnia causes plasma [HCO3] to fall by approximately 0.5 meq/liter for each millimeter of Hg reduction in CO2 tension. By contrast, the response of plasma [H+] in the two groups was markedly different. Instead of the fall in [H+] which is seen during chronic hypocapnia in normal animals, [H+] in HCl-fed animals rose significantly from 53 to 59 neq/liter (pH 7.28-7.23). This seemingly paradoxical response is, of course, an expression of the constraints imposed by the Henderson equation and reflects the fact that the percent fall in [HCO3] in the HCl-fed animals was greater than the percent fall in PaCO2. These findings clearly indicate that in chronic hypocapnia the kidney cannot be regarded as the effector limb in a homeostatic feedback system geared to the defense of systemic acidity. | [
-0.057804469019174576,
0.02795785665512085,
-0.00210459902882576,
0.09406653046607971,
-0.0008366418187506497,
-0.02667507529258728,
0.04050414636731148,
0.053837716579437256,
-0.008730717934668064,
0.00173620181158185,
0.014709020964801311,
-0.07508154213428497,
-0.0006198719493113458,
0.016641100868582726,
-0.006746848113834858,
-0.051725056022405624,
-0.00007515524339396507,
0.02554209716618061,
-0.07819364219903946,
0.0022761914879083633,
0.016344649717211723,
-0.010584811680018902,
0.026897214353084564,
0.04396156221628189,
0.024125775322318077,
-0.03252875432372093,
0.022486070170998573,
0.013279845006763935,
-0.06160470098257065,
-0.19600671529769897,
0.01676926761865616,
-0.03241708502173424,
0.02210547961294651,
-0.05256631597876549,
-0.024595528841018677,
0.015551713295280933,
-0.02718217670917511,
0.012471956200897694,
-0.046963054686784744,
0.06979205459356308,
0.030774347484111786,
0.010875184088945389,
0.00231779832392931,
0.033658064901828766,
0.025667058303952217,
0.034638769924640656,
-0.0212184339761734,
0.012785634957253933,
0.09266676008701324,
0.06397169083356857,
-0.01584766060113907,
0.031554676592350006,
0.00565543444827199,
0.037426888942718506,
0.04675313085317612,
-0.03156421706080437,
0.013505108654499054,
0.03987129405140877,
-0.006067182403057814,
0.006880834233015776,
-0.01398675050586462,
0.043760716915130615,
-0.13895836472511292,
0.05233128368854523,
0.11908801645040512,
0.013498319312930107,
-0.06375032663345337,
0.00617412943392992,
0.0681845173239708,
0.012235554866492748,
-0.06864117830991745,
0.011473201215267181,
-0.012798123992979527,
-0.017155814915895462,
0.00718123372644186,
-0.05631750449538231,
0.02380591258406639,
0.024822309613227844,
0.01302365306764841,
-0.015899311751127243,
0.01283261738717556,
0.018899455666542053,
-0.00010814805864356458,
0.01851508766412735,
0.010875965468585491,
-0.07100140303373337,
0.07222920656204224,
-0.010032073594629765,
-0.0543241873383522,
-0.018906090408563614,
-0.04814089462161064,
-0.08052115887403488,
-0.03267194330692291,
-0.006248247344046831,
-0.08069252967834473,
0.02008325606584549,
0.02559673972427845,
-0.04439046233892441,
-0.05549444630742073,
0.4054329991340637,
-0.03202694654464722,
0.05243213102221489,
-0.06332971900701523,
0.010081506334245205,
0.06133292615413666,
-0.03396118804812431,
0.0054068309254944324,
0.02683086320757866,
-0.0025975555181503296,
0.015033327974379063,
0.013015665113925934,
0.08244621008634567,
0.06347405910491943,
-0.03742270544171333,
-0.052755702286958694,
0.012214554473757744,
0.05113636329770088,
0.0578022375702858,
0.0012719894293695688,
0.062467049807310104,
-0.017164073884487152,
0.01680239662528038,
0.023478537797927856,
0.003118859836831689,
0.08876750618219376,
-0.024085581302642822,
0.024308394640684128,
0.07175716757774353,
0.011626794934272766,
-0.009741207584738731,
0.03863099217414856,
0.019091958180069923,
-0.052667390555143356,
-0.021164219826459885,
-0.020986370742321014,
-0.009255468845367432,
0.031279306858778,
-0.08274245262145996,
0.044537097215652466,
0.03270292282104492,
-0.033867623656988144,
-0.0396321564912796,
-0.0375131294131279,
-0.09340985119342804,
-0.06365058571100235,
0.11632666736841202,
0.0495656281709671,
0.016165131703019142,
-0.026899758726358414,
0.028720956295728683,
-0.0005281170597299933,
0.03066985309123993,
-0.005951232742518187,
0.018220074474811554,
-0.026458075270056725,
0.039031803607940674,
-0.01753503829240799,
0.024912085384130478,
-0.02784915454685688,
-0.009146887809038162,
-0.05042557790875435,
-0.06648218631744385,
-0.013615229167044163,
0.016819894313812256,
0.018411407247185707,
0.017934001982212067,
-0.04802342504262924,
-0.04302435368299484,
0.03520261496305466,
0.02244284562766552,
0.004319468047469854,
0.018469132483005524,
0.017777688801288605,
-0.08416154980659485,
0.014787294901907444,
-0.004902415908873081,
-0.04606436565518379,
0.013931483030319214,
-0.017461931332945824,
-0.025629183277487755,
0.028857864439487457,
-0.0028079187031835318,
-0.025030510500073433,
0.018204376101493835,
0.007037017028778791,
-0.01756652630865574,
-0.0938042625784874,
0.03757717087864876,
-0.019242608919739723,
0.028475351631641388,
-0.03166896104812622,
-0.003244273830205202,
-0.08301591873168945,
-0.03287036344408989,
-0.032924581319093704,
-0.04331301525235176,
-0.007831059396266937,
0.036686971783638,
-0.02560630813241005,
0.02036759816110134,
0.06194817274808884,
-0.012306293472647667,
0.0013599717058241367,
0.026210976764559746,
0.014299050904810429,
0.03406567499041557,
-0.0006479210569523275,
-0.00541788712143898,
0.06258342415094376,
0.03484957292675972,
-0.013817928731441498,
0.011864704079926014,
-0.0674419179558754,
0.022748906165361404,
0.017985442653298378,
0.07679948955774307,
0.020251231268048286,
-0.0013752151280641556,
0.015255289152264595,
0.011186490766704082,
0.06464511156082153,
-0.06894208490848541,
-0.025642717257142067,
-0.30924147367477417,
-0.014848530292510986,
0.013085986487567425,
-0.05687478184700012,
0.06285987794399261,
-0.021230559796094894,
0.00042945105815306306,
-0.025261711329221725,
-0.02929793670773506,
-0.02807372808456421,
0.04992792382836342,
0.054403871297836304,
-0.07026487588882446,
0.004637795966118574,
0.017300769686698914,
0.018764004111289978,
0.03648107871413231,
-0.05859621614217758,
0.03417166694998741,
-0.004253037739545107,
0.04064183682203293,
-0.02800576761364937,
-0.008834526874125004,
0.02373490110039711,
0.044398803263902664,
0.003377600573003292,
0.09099192172288895,
-0.012402736581861973,
0.01816006936132908,
-0.02282094955444336,
0.022565064951777458,
0.014690220355987549,
-0.010790958069264889,
-0.06179159879684448,
0.018293336033821106,
0.0076054176315665245,
-0.03092101588845253,
-0.03249506279826164,
-0.0032728868536651134,
-0.0063261310569942,
-0.07665196061134338,
0.054663486778736115,
-0.058932602405548096,
-0.018083445727825165,
-0.03986285254359245,
0.030038200318813324,
-0.0053808968514204025,
0.08448609709739685,
0.0016533259768038988,
-0.048409685492515564,
0.05660878121852875,
0.04212389141321182,
-0.04815686121582985,
-0.07188158482313156,
0.03157944232225418,
0.0009597532916814089,
-0.03340406343340874,
-0.07195042818784714,
-0.09172305464744568,
0.01446864940226078,
0.017201367765665054,
-0.04953625798225403,
0.006949032191187143,
0.010051979683339596,
0.005912743043154478,
0.023043548688292503,
0.01996036060154438,
-0.007773753255605698,
0.08021506667137146,
0.0013372610555961728,
0.0008836663910187781,
0.11658209562301636,
-0.015421495772898197,
0.0021830156911164522,
0.08447720855474472,
0.022594615817070007,
-0.020291702821850777,
-0.01680193841457367,
-0.012791254557669163,
-0.008083134889602661,
0.017485225573182106,
-0.08980964124202728,
0.04363246262073517,
0.040432870388031006,
-0.028488222509622574,
0.06388021260499954,
0.014505011960864067,
-0.009990068152546883,
0.04025258496403694,
-0.00321894115768373,
-0.014329200610518456,
0.032209787517786026,
-0.036868900060653687,
-0.02567654475569725,
0.022739114239811897,
0.03533681854605675,
-0.27794700860977173,
-0.0112281683832407,
0.014675351791083813,
-0.04265753552317619,
-0.01817362941801548,
0.05187755450606346,
0.04038544371724129,
-0.006288094911724329,
-0.008419891819357872,
-0.0076993610709905624,
-0.02927831932902336,
0.041843097656965256,
0.05100598931312561,
0.08421142399311066,
0.02176707424223423,
-0.018513694405555725,
0.02521895058453083,
-0.021912967786192894,
-0.02719385176897049,
-0.009946851991117,
0.012029568664729595,
0.005790433846414089,
0.12364574521780014,
-0.009008130058646202,
-0.013983184471726418,
0.06304194033145905,
-0.022159909829497337,
0.04057996720075607,
-0.06786544620990753,
-0.01112389750778675,
0.0165094006806612,
0.0316341295838356,
0.043196920305490494,
0.019932329654693604,
-0.009994654916226864,
-0.04426320642232895,
-0.041082099080085754,
0.04757646098732948,
-0.006924476474523544,
-0.003978059161454439,
0.01608794368803501,
-0.01693389005959034,
-0.040739599615335464,
-0.08680517226457596,
0.06955285370349884,
-0.04111378639936447,
-0.01836332120001316,
-0.03289548307657242,
0.013325084000825882,
0.009333753027021885,
-0.026160579174757004,
-0.06109928339719772,
0.05803723260760307,
0.011318991892039776,
0.007756953127682209,
-0.03597288578748703,
-0.008089158684015274,
-0.03903724625706673,
-0.01982511766254902,
-0.023309724405407906,
-0.010015725158154964,
-0.028580740094184875,
-0.010772100649774075,
0.0434078685939312,
0.035792917013168335
] |
PMID:6489 | Characterization of the protease activity in the chemotactic factor inactivator. | The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) isolated from human serum contains a kininase activity that causes extensive hydrolysis of bradykinin. The highly chemotactic synthetic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was completely hydrolyzed by CFI preparations. The release of the constituent amino acids from this peptide coincided with a loss of its chemotactic activity. The N-formyl, but not the amide derivative, of the leukotactic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was resistant to the action of CFI, as evidenced by chemotactic and biochemical assays. Examination of the specificity of CFI proteolysis revealed that short polypeptide substrates are degraded sequentially from the amino terminus. Larger peptides are less extensively hydrolyzed, and the patterns of hydrolysis are more complex. Inactivation of the bacterial chemotactic factors by CFI was overcome by the addition of high concentrations of peptides which were substrated for CFI. CFI preparations readily hydrolyzed the peptide Arg-Phe-Ala. The constituent amino acids were conveniently identified by thin-layer chromatography method. This procedure afforded a rapid assay for measuring CFI activity in the whole human serum as well as in fractions throughout the purification steps. Moreover, CFI also hydrolyzed L-leucyl-beta-napthylamide at rates comparable to peptides. Thus, L-leucyl-beta-napthylamide served as a useful substrate for estimating CFI activity in preparations at various stages of purification. This substrate was also useful in kinetic studies. The results from these studies indicate an aminopeptidase activity is the mechanism whereby CFI inhibits the activity of chemotactic substrates. | Characterization of the protease activity in the chemotactic factor inactivator. The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) isolated from human serum contains a kininase activity that causes extensive hydrolysis of bradykinin. The highly chemotactic synthetic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was completely hydrolyzed by CFI preparations. The release of the constituent amino acids from this peptide coincided with a loss of its chemotactic activity. The N-formyl, but not the amide derivative, of the leukotactic peptide Met-Leu-Phe was resistant to the action of CFI, as evidenced by chemotactic and biochemical assays. Examination of the specificity of CFI proteolysis revealed that short polypeptide substrates are degraded sequentially from the amino terminus. Larger peptides are less extensively hydrolyzed, and the patterns of hydrolysis are more complex. Inactivation of the bacterial chemotactic factors by CFI was overcome by the addition of high concentrations of peptides which were substrated for CFI. CFI preparations readily hydrolyzed the peptide Arg-Phe-Ala. The constituent amino acids were conveniently identified by thin-layer chromatography method. This procedure afforded a rapid assay for measuring CFI activity in the whole human serum as well as in fractions throughout the purification steps. Moreover, CFI also hydrolyzed L-leucyl-beta-napthylamide at rates comparable to peptides. Thus, L-leucyl-beta-napthylamide served as a useful substrate for estimating CFI activity in preparations at various stages of purification. This substrate was also useful in kinetic studies. The results from these studies indicate an aminopeptidase activity is the mechanism whereby CFI inhibits the activity of chemotactic substrates. | [
-0.10074742883443832,
-0.011400951072573662,
-0.020577188581228256,
0.029750695452094078,
0.01794120855629444,
-0.048761531710624695,
0.1015617772936821,
0.05989525839686394,
0.0016832085093483329,
-0.005156057421118021,
-0.001404779264703393,
-0.06314941495656967,
0.0051749711856245995,
0.05153581127524376,
-0.018392574042081833,
-0.04973515123128891,
0.0320875346660614,
0.026612235233187675,
-0.0859876349568367,
-0.04682309553027153,
0.024593021720647812,
-0.0008252009865827858,
0.05557325482368469,
-0.02122519537806511,
-0.003999494481831789,
0.07429128140211105,
-0.050322338938713074,
-0.018751220777630806,
-0.007854490540921688,
-0.18896770477294922,
0.01895243488252163,
-0.006739379838109016,
0.04711471125483513,
-0.0219718087464571,
-0.01858457550406456,
0.040610529482364655,
-0.012363746762275696,
-0.03660064563155174,
0.01165047101676464,
0.02378110960125923,
0.04677234962582588,
0.06184855103492737,
0.01295891311019659,
0.05692824348807335,
0.06447291374206543,
0.01224659662693739,
-0.07564394176006317,
0.043244604021310806,
0.05437071993947029,
0.05995750054717064,
0.01865379698574543,
-0.022332869470119476,
0.04882374033331871,
0.05310507491230965,
0.03197290748357773,
-0.017383156344294548,
-0.006886807270348072,
0.06404221802949905,
0.01020539179444313,
0.015512129291892052,
0.05675613507628441,
0.022440215572714806,
-0.13075166940689087,
0.015588236041367054,
0.029034771025180817,
0.033029213547706604,
0.03283079341053963,
-0.09717298299074173,
0.09338895231485367,
0.022943109273910522,
-0.050949111580848694,
0.017575956881046295,
-0.03636622428894043,
-0.0077160801738500595,
0.005407535005360842,
-0.003056187415495515,
-0.00780811021104455,
0.01460240501910448,
0.05976874381303787,
-0.004795417655259371,
0.038205672055482864,
0.022882802411913872,
0.0165301151573658,
-0.0038131640758365393,
0.0005979263223707676,
0.0375664159655571,
0.018180742859840393,
-0.0032965142745524645,
0.03309844806790352,
0.02754344791173935,
-0.06552404165267944,
-0.05370580032467842,
0.003069686470553279,
0.04012959823012352,
-0.0735146775841713,
0.010764426551759243,
0.038065943866968155,
0.025156546384096146,
0.006656949874013662,
0.37821489572525024,
-0.006120170466601849,
-0.060227010399103165,
-0.10424762964248657,
-0.022284450009465218,
0.01683216542005539,
-0.047176558524370193,
0.0028563919477164745,
0.02950816974043846,
0.02858102321624756,
0.03297245129942894,
0.028035426512360573,
0.06343358755111694,
0.003470297669991851,
-0.041628025472164154,
0.013407373800873756,
0.008642717264592648,
0.00038092819158919156,
0.04352176934480667,
-0.04519703984260559,
0.07599209994077682,
0.027467351406812668,
-0.025435272604227066,
0.00896077137440443,
0.027370264753699303,
-0.003777675796300173,
-0.020310964435338974,
0.003539757104590535,
0.03895037993788719,
0.03279925882816315,
-0.00845931377261877,
0.05413129925727844,
0.03008238784968853,
-0.006586556322872639,
0.034543588757514954,
0.037942349910736084,
-0.004259290639311075,
0.011769288219511509,
0.004269219934940338,
0.008409143425524235,
0.006234566681087017,
-0.005971057340502739,
-0.012930981814861298,
-0.06045202910900116,
-0.07765267044305801,
-0.019430046901106834,
0.09044893085956573,
-0.030754148960113525,
0.04560843110084534,
0.008586903102695942,
-0.012724693864583969,
0.011224505491554737,
0.03151412680745125,
-0.018179668113589287,
0.008797107264399529,
0.01031551044434309,
0.01703178510069847,
0.0644344687461853,
0.02938460186123848,
0.003495213808491826,
0.0012872599763795733,
-0.11184462904930115,
-0.0028253684286028147,
0.012532612308859825,
0.06621020287275314,
-0.01232659351080656,
-0.006946944165974855,
0.02952120639383793,
0.06049521639943123,
-0.02291974611580372,
-0.01774856075644493,
-0.016527192667126656,
-0.028880776837468147,
-0.05516108497977257,
0.025262968614697456,
-0.03131403401494026,
0.016830725595355034,
-0.0012252777814865112,
0.06798704713582993,
0.021832052618265152,
0.024397945031523705,
-0.03908324986696243,
-0.0375957116484642,
-0.017270971089601517,
0.010497410781681538,
-0.027742445468902588,
0.015901366248726845,
-0.039951056241989136,
0.02625628188252449,
-0.030984366312623024,
-0.026476087048649788,
-0.05728371813893318,
-0.015501409769058228,
-0.08290211111307144,
0.04072859510779381,
-0.05798903852701187,
-0.02922433242201805,
-0.024973837658762932,
0.004996556788682938,
-0.04702674597501755,
-0.0471348762512207,
0.09448665380477905,
0.015044623054564,
-0.0023828695993870497,
0.025512676686048508,
-0.04722372069954872,
0.018581872805953026,
-0.03887693211436272,
-0.01742458902299404,
0.0490233451128006,
-0.00788728054612875,
-0.054133184254169464,
0.0442398265004158,
-0.07042407244443893,
-0.0039045216981321573,
-0.06374433636665344,
0.05272461473941803,
-0.010349837131798267,
-0.011139352805912495,
0.022465074434876442,
0.02587989531457424,
0.030655626207590103,
-0.0029140221886336803,
-0.07744698971509933,
-0.333565890789032,
-0.020686432719230652,
-0.0020355673041194677,
-0.032119885087013245,
0.0264723040163517,
-0.07002104073762894,
0.0033367082942277193,
0.02940209023654461,
0.014693683944642544,
-0.008447941392660141,
0.04428781941533089,
0.07098879665136337,
-0.0972013771533966,
0.021298576146364212,
0.05729687586426735,
0.013224882073700428,
-0.0030649923719465733,
-0.04403947293758392,
-0.04542288929224014,
0.013520368374884129,
-0.005440809763967991,
0.0005666688666678965,
0.02455930970609188,
0.014883340336382389,
0.012070249766111374,
-0.012839844450354576,
0.10579752177000046,
0.013023076578974724,
0.0058537432923913,
0.012744434177875519,
0.023310430347919464,
0.10603494942188263,
-0.04205697774887085,
-0.07153511792421341,
-0.030823955312371254,
-0.04408664628863335,
0.014214582741260529,
-0.07238893210887909,
0.012868545949459076,
-0.02604963630437851,
-0.029482590034604073,
-0.011681360192596912,
0.051843781024217606,
-0.05477650463581085,
-0.002530827419832349,
-0.02210347168147564,
0.021208105608820915,
0.03238041698932648,
-0.021998003125190735,
0.023715179413557053,
0.021680613979697227,
-0.052218638360500336,
0.01924019306898117,
-0.017737798392772675,
-0.0147263677790761,
0.000702517107129097,
-0.011834566481411457,
-0.008570384234189987,
-0.06388233602046967,
-0.026757508516311646,
0.00001349954618490301,
0.06174033135175705,
0.0559745691716671,
0.043450310826301575,
-0.004472261760383844,
-0.02529921568930149,
0.010714276693761349,
-0.04149971157312393,
0.08901741355657578,
-0.0304182730615139,
0.0022141828667372465,
0.09359408915042877,
-0.03145485371351242,
0.02639480121433735,
0.08002638816833496,
-0.023930901661515236,
-0.024439996108412743,
-0.07740859687328339,
-0.00023380325001198798,
0.015471733175218105,
0.07010306417942047,
-0.01406001765280962,
0.032073576003313065,
-0.04335818067193031,
-0.02844712696969509,
0.000636151758953929,
0.03260847181081772,
-0.037581101059913635,
0.014051997102797031,
-0.02561790682375431,
0.039206769317388535,
0.06955306977033615,
-0.0635743960738182,
-0.015841111540794373,
-0.0061551411636173725,
0.01875370927155018,
-0.2822416126728058,
-0.002941129030659795,
0.0676603838801384,
0.01761409267783165,
-0.031387194991111755,
0.023429125547409058,
0.03308514878153801,
-0.058362558484077454,
-0.051633428782224655,
0.029677843675017357,
-0.021677693352103233,
0.01788436993956566,
0.021614035591483116,
0.017965450882911682,
0.010864394716918468,
0.0198509618639946,
0.03645513579249382,
-0.05101615935564041,
-0.015678200870752335,
-0.04672908037900925,
-0.02794814668595791,
-0.051333848387002945,
0.16232289373874664,
0.01948012039065361,
0.0029480368830263615,
0.05164157971739769,
0.01647098921239376,
-0.008456790819764137,
-0.009475870989263058,
-0.02529737912118435,
0.014570428989827633,
-0.03363567963242531,
0.06424529105424881,
-0.0032010360155254602,
0.01636532135307789,
-0.030808407813310623,
0.03668962046504021,
0.0038629723712801933,
-0.07384985685348511,
-0.03385971859097481,
-0.026916109025478363,
0.04521692171692848,
-0.021818581968545914,
-0.05494501441717148,
0.02014314942061901,
-0.10517840087413788,
-0.02715078741312027,
-0.006594026926904917,
0.012355532497167587,
-0.016116386279463768,
-0.04700198024511337,
-0.02500719204545021,
0.029776083305478096,
0.020932108163833618,
0.024499541148543358,
-0.022658929228782654,
-0.021177176386117935,
-0.019425000995397568,
-0.0036823218688368797,
-0.0036620921455323696,
0.0019525743555277586,
-0.024703186005353928,
-0.0258285254240036,
0.0841195359826088,
-0.013810014352202415
] |
PMID:6490 | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in selected autoimmune diseases. | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa. Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The target cells were chicken erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-chicken erythrocyte antibody. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was normal in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis but significantly decreased (P is less than 0.001) in active systemic lupus erythematosus and in two patients with polyarteritis nodosa. A partial regeneration of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was obtained by treatment with pronase and DNase followed by overnight incubation. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus inhibited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of normal lymphocytes. The inhibitory activity was studied by specific immunoadsorption and sucrose density geadient ultracentrifugation. Removal of IgG but not IgM greatly reduced inhibition. Inhibitory factors were present in 7S and heavier fractions containing IgG. Five systemic lupus erythematosus patients were studied serially to determine if improvement in clinical status could be correlated with a decrease in serum inhibitory factors as studied by inhibition of normal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Indeed, a greater serum inhibitory capacity was found in each patient during periods of greater disease activity. | Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in selected autoimmune diseases. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa. Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The target cells were chicken erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-chicken erythrocyte antibody. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was normal in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis but significantly decreased (P is less than 0.001) in active systemic lupus erythematosus and in two patients with polyarteritis nodosa. A partial regeneration of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity was obtained by treatment with pronase and DNase followed by overnight incubation. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus inhibited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of normal lymphocytes. The inhibitory activity was studied by specific immunoadsorption and sucrose density geadient ultracentrifugation. Removal of IgG but not IgM greatly reduced inhibition. Inhibitory factors were present in 7S and heavier fractions containing IgG. Five systemic lupus erythematosus patients were studied serially to determine if improvement in clinical status could be correlated with a decrease in serum inhibitory factors as studied by inhibition of normal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Indeed, a greater serum inhibitory capacity was found in each patient during periods of greater disease activity. | [
-0.05836537480354309,
-0.005195145029574633,
0.013971513137221336,
0.017815925180912018,
-0.008862767368555069,
-0.02580813504755497,
0.06931154429912567,
0.0663876160979271,
-0.046587035059928894,
-0.0029363096691668034,
-0.00008069259638432413,
-0.019659696146845818,
0.06363242119550705,
0.019397743046283722,
-0.06200471520423889,
-0.021448953077197075,
0.03343301638960838,
0.015172569081187248,
-0.06206879764795303,
0.015709882602095604,
-0.07505705952644348,
-0.015338358469307423,
0.0005139635759405792,
-0.025451719760894775,
0.06536095589399338,
0.03519871085882187,
0.0291755311191082,
0.020721063017845154,
-0.0219227597117424,
-0.10047745704650879,
-0.0017723942873999476,
-0.02323530986905098,
-0.059484709054231644,
0.06217249110341072,
-0.05433504655957222,
-0.042348712682724,
-0.005304789636284113,
-0.04352564364671707,
-0.03410983085632324,
0.029719481244683266,
0.0011084512807428837,
0.026599425822496414,
0.009734762832522392,
0.05037850886583328,
0.035196587443351746,
-0.01163733471184969,
-0.051912374794483185,
0.014139631763100624,
0.018727734684944153,
0.04018029198050499,
-0.008747739717364311,
0.005504848435521126,
0.04075183346867561,
0.0567580908536911,
-0.03574217110872269,
0.04357839375734329,
-0.030486006289720535,
0.039975740015506744,
0.018694385886192322,
0.03539896756410599,
-0.018298061564564705,
0.05213399976491928,
-0.06539899855852127,
0.07846080511808395,
0.034530188888311386,
-0.0008537996327504516,
0.02621658705174923,
-0.01467205211520195,
0.04940948262810707,
0.04157104343175888,
-0.05587529391050339,
0.06937945634126663,
-0.034976910799741745,
0.09721466898918152,
-0.037451017647981644,
-0.0023896326310932636,
-0.045074790716171265,
-0.01727769523859024,
0.06113758310675621,
0.03339197859168053,
-0.009219546802341938,
-0.004090211819857359,
0.023752745240926743,
0.013516685925424099,
-0.007892428897321224,
0.046033065766096115,
-0.006175269838422537,
-0.04705717787146568,
0.033093541860580444,
-0.015903770923614502,
-0.0071284715086221695,
-0.03179709240794182,
0.0003710002056322992,
-0.014386242255568504,
-0.03287467360496521,
0.008119124919176102,
0.05223510414361954,
-0.061825942248106,
-0.00681441742926836,
0.40062204003334045,
-0.013422544114291668,
-0.006198390852659941,
-0.10199494659900665,
-0.021857431158423424,
0.003058284055441618,
-0.0510069914162159,
0.04387957602739334,
-0.019949520006775856,
-0.03538873419165611,
0.01232172455638647,
0.03107520192861557,
-0.03685767203569412,
-0.027470003813505173,
-0.018603570759296417,
0.01718522422015667,
0.0019575473852455616,
0.044078707695007324,
0.0036740805953741074,
-0.0011345022358000278,
0.07111867517232895,
0.012757808901369572,
-0.05377441272139549,
0.00010317227861378342,
-0.04154490306973457,
0.047146596014499664,
0.019949985668063164,
0.03868632763624191,
0.05456206575036049,
0.07707392424345016,
-0.0014928866876289248,
0.08560964465141296,
-0.0020369673147797585,
-0.0040685334242880344,
-0.0011021606624126434,
0.021319791674613953,
0.025471281260252,
0.04888203367590904,
-0.0073694088496267796,
0.04713775962591171,
0.0358240082859993,
0.017408592626452446,
-0.08081682026386261,
-0.04110921546816826,
-0.06913306564092636,
0.023465272039175034,
0.06491391360759735,
-0.043321896344423294,
-0.008127434179186821,
-0.009373273700475693,
0.022167405113577843,
0.016061944887042046,
0.063236303627491,
0.009887457825243473,
0.08377262949943542,
-0.07850244641304016,
0.019404249265789986,
-0.014571547508239746,
0.045507222414016724,
0.018127167597413063,
-0.04605582728981972,
-0.03229721263051033,
-0.07598134130239487,
0.01500840112566948,
-0.006594216451048851,
0.0025010148528963327,
0.03861033916473389,
0.015662947669625282,
0.004025565925985575,
0.021283907815814018,
0.039227720350027084,
-0.010449165478348732,
0.012833768501877785,
-0.034883636981248856,
-0.05410923808813095,
-0.07398208230733871,
0.03883693739771843,
-0.02368244342505932,
0.03534417971968651,
0.030050793662667274,
0.003096954431384802,
-0.0688326433300972,
0.03283661603927612,
0.011849751695990562,
0.019101254642009735,
-0.026393689215183258,
-0.015469946898519993,
-0.07582608610391617,
0.011626025661826134,
0.03080637753009796,
0.013030048459768295,
0.024363698437809944,
-0.005662806332111359,
-0.08420932292938232,
-0.027266953140497208,
-0.015546339564025402,
-0.003793623996898532,
-0.0506628192961216,
-0.015424778684973717,
0.0065109808929264545,
-0.039397548884153366,
0.13722065091133118,
0.0009789004689082503,
0.004824151750653982,
0.03801310807466507,
0.03710209205746651,
0.021684439852833748,
-0.02406913787126541,
0.015358843840658665,
0.020496448501944542,
-0.03540723770856857,
-0.08090252429246902,
0.00405218405649066,
-0.011055846698582172,
0.018690025433897972,
-0.04521077498793602,
0.021291354671120644,
-0.028497543185949326,
-0.01804780215024948,
0.07211604714393616,
-0.003409469733014703,
0.02443544566631317,
0.015954243019223213,
-0.03751443326473236,
-0.30595871806144714,
-0.05793176591396332,
-0.027094298973679543,
-0.008389691822230816,
-0.050515253096818924,
-0.002096859272569418,
-0.0022693725768476725,
-0.030614256858825684,
-0.019888995215296745,
-0.0068514482118189335,
0.08432600647211075,
0.08407730609178543,
-0.0536406971514225,
-0.09576530754566193,
0.03532443195581436,
0.020878689363598824,
-0.01887313835322857,
-0.05358784273266792,
0.0019543336238712072,
-0.03901151940226555,
-0.022702792659401894,
-0.03562025725841522,
0.02606208063662052,
0.0512520968914032,
0.0684799924492836,
0.019779248163104057,
0.1398545354604721,
0.01692115142941475,
-0.06257526576519012,
-0.052900511771440506,
0.05269665643572807,
0.07923423498868942,
0.01927802339196205,
-0.01328159961849451,
-0.03573223203420639,
-0.0003469481598585844,
-0.05046036094427109,
-0.04830210283398628,
-0.01904301531612873,
0.051462214440107346,
-0.024917181581258774,
-0.00746604148298502,
-0.041954752057790756,
-0.08029411733150482,
-0.042755257338285446,
0.04094228893518448,
0.0870494619011879,
0.030530979856848717,
-0.022460371255874634,
-0.004136592149734497,
-0.007215572986751795,
-0.038671884685754776,
0.0189270731061697,
0.05847553536295891,
0.004721869248896837,
0.04114319756627083,
-0.03218667954206467,
0.035894591361284256,
-0.07327315956354141,
-0.01539989747107029,
0.02263280749320984,
0.009632234461605549,
0.03412223607301712,
-0.011668884195387363,
0.0062020099721848965,
0.00512178847566247,
0.02219538204371929,
-0.026348257437348366,
0.057241473346948624,
0.028010999783873558,
-0.02002960443496704,
0.11590765416622162,
0.008530833758413792,
0.03265901282429695,
0.0408954955637455,
0.0112728551030159,
-0.041509099304676056,
-0.0015492445090785623,
-0.1038234531879425,
0.05661250278353691,
0.030204622074961662,
-0.08052325248718262,
0.05417640879750252,
0.0008555848617106676,
-0.0049194833263754845,
0.013802648521959782,
0.005697646643966436,
-0.057410046458244324,
-0.030143480747938156,
-0.017592180520296097,
0.016478125005960464,
-0.04139820486307144,
-0.08354426175355911,
-0.036461204290390015,
0.014947560615837574,
-0.020482415333390236,
-0.274339497089386,
-0.016130518168210983,
0.035957854241132736,
-0.012697219848632812,
-0.026728276163339615,
-0.03812365606427193,
0.008067179471254349,
-0.04012581333518028,
-0.06744686514139175,
0.053804755210876465,
0.06864750385284424,
0.008874376304447651,
0.046891700476408005,
-0.0093236630782485,
-0.03292486444115639,
0.009036018513143063,
-0.0002565823378972709,
-0.01923319511115551,
-0.010329311713576317,
-0.045678552240133286,
0.05503610894083977,
-0.018498478457331657,
0.12675005197525024,
0.04374859854578972,
0.025742510333657265,
0.05192858725786209,
-0.032656461000442505,
0.019655201584100723,
-0.12911787629127502,
-0.00005034462083131075,
0.035105347633361816,
-0.030132506042718887,
0.010576956905424595,
-0.03518679738044739,
0.008125842548906803,
0.03891894221305847,
0.0007534465403296053,
0.05973377078771591,
-0.0008318418404087424,
0.0014366310788318515,
-0.012020891532301903,
0.0544273816049099,
-0.038039445877075195,
-0.010560907423496246,
0.07155199348926544,
-0.061475254595279694,
-0.0047249398194253445,
-0.08670884370803833,
0.04069824889302254,
0.04466990381479263,
-0.03504374250769615,
-0.06200866028666496,
0.01328236237168312,
-0.015746843069791794,
0.06160761043429375,
-0.01996227353811264,
-0.01510607823729515,
-0.021657424047589302,
0.010955759324133396,
0.016921326518058777,
0.02065465971827507,
-0.007146623916924,
-0.03275662288069725,
0.07236268371343613,
0.01461039762943983
] |
PMID:6491 | The role of adrenergic mechanisms in the substrate and hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. | Sequential determinations of glucose outflow and inflow, and rates of gluconeogenesis from alanine, before, during and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained in relation to alterations in circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone in six normal subjects. Insulin decreased the mean (+/-SEM) plasma glucose from 89+/-3 to 39+/-2 mg/dl 25 min after injection, but this decline ceased despite serum insulin levels of 153+/-22 mul/ml. Before insulin, glucose inflow and outflow were constant averaging 125.3+/-7.1 mg/kg per h. 15 min after insulin, mean glucose outflow increased threefold, but then decreased at 25 min, reaching a rate 15% less than the preinsulin rate. Glucose inflow decreased 80% 15 min after insulin, but increased at 25 min, reaching a maximum of twice the basal rate. Gluconeogenesis from alanine decreased 68% 15 min after insulin, but returned to preinsulin rates at 25 min, and remained constant for the next 25 min, after which it increased linearly. A fourfold increase in mean plasma epinephrine was found 20 min after insulin, with maximal levels 50 times basal. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations first increased significantly at 25 min after insulin, whereas significantly increased levels of cortisol and glucagon occurred at 30 min, and growth hormone at 40 min after insulin. Thus, insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man results from both a decrease in glucose production and an increase in glucose utilization. Accelerated glycogenolysis produced much of the initial, posthypoglycemic increment in glucose production. The contribution of glycogenolysis decreased with time, while that of gluconeogenesis from alanine increased. Of the hormones studied, only the increments in plasma catecholamines preceded or coincided with the measured increase in glucose production after hypoglycemia. It therefore seems probable that adrenergic mechanisms play a major role in the initiation of counter-regulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. | The role of adrenergic mechanisms in the substrate and hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. Sequential determinations of glucose outflow and inflow, and rates of gluconeogenesis from alanine, before, during and after insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained in relation to alterations in circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone in six normal subjects. Insulin decreased the mean (+/-SEM) plasma glucose from 89+/-3 to 39+/-2 mg/dl 25 min after injection, but this decline ceased despite serum insulin levels of 153+/-22 mul/ml. Before insulin, glucose inflow and outflow were constant averaging 125.3+/-7.1 mg/kg per h. 15 min after insulin, mean glucose outflow increased threefold, but then decreased at 25 min, reaching a rate 15% less than the preinsulin rate. Glucose inflow decreased 80% 15 min after insulin, but increased at 25 min, reaching a maximum of twice the basal rate. Gluconeogenesis from alanine decreased 68% 15 min after insulin, but returned to preinsulin rates at 25 min, and remained constant for the next 25 min, after which it increased linearly. A fourfold increase in mean plasma epinephrine was found 20 min after insulin, with maximal levels 50 times basal. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations first increased significantly at 25 min after insulin, whereas significantly increased levels of cortisol and glucagon occurred at 30 min, and growth hormone at 40 min after insulin. Thus, insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man results from both a decrease in glucose production and an increase in glucose utilization. Accelerated glycogenolysis produced much of the initial, posthypoglycemic increment in glucose production. The contribution of glycogenolysis decreased with time, while that of gluconeogenesis from alanine increased. Of the hormones studied, only the increments in plasma catecholamines preceded or coincided with the measured increase in glucose production after hypoglycemia. It therefore seems probable that adrenergic mechanisms play a major role in the initiation of counter-regulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. | [
0.020915040746331215,
0.011825641617178917,
0.00021133334666956216,
0.046500638127326965,
0.003999233245849609,
0.012391665019094944,
0.046242743730545044,
-0.01306669507175684,
-0.029569508507847786,
-0.053549718111753464,
-0.02520456537604332,
-0.058365583419799805,
-0.010343209840357304,
0.09183754026889801,
0.0015764905838295817,
0.016972247511148453,
0.0007498025079257786,
-0.0012302752584218979,
-0.08972347527742386,
-0.051994409412145615,
0.030968600884079933,
-0.04611821845173836,
0.06535284966230392,
0.004756973125040531,
0.025824731215834618,
-0.011035679839551449,
-0.03697381541132927,
0.01012003980576992,
-0.08000464737415314,
-0.17399324476718903,
0.034589704126119614,
0.002047839341685176,
0.06057366356253624,
-0.05064041540026665,
-0.03084423765540123,
0.0019270178163424134,
-0.04559768736362457,
0.061185263097286224,
-0.006854167208075523,
0.06621353328227997,
0.0035888648126274347,
-0.018650004640221596,
0.0004122934478800744,
0.032341137528419495,
0.042075883597135544,
0.022662147879600525,
-0.051416777074337006,
0.0008366343099623919,
0.05301160365343094,
0.04234432056546211,
0.006064165383577347,
0.011110513471066952,
0.01630522310733795,
0.07317063957452774,
0.024386774748563766,
-0.006411757320165634,
-0.023418225347995758,
0.009972483851015568,
-0.0042791482992470264,
0.01294934842735529,
-0.028475383296608925,
0.05705691874027252,
-0.15388594567775726,
0.023635530844330788,
0.08695223927497864,
-0.007966317236423492,
-0.017066868022084236,
0.016571911051869392,
0.04549535736441612,
0.03626104071736336,
-0.050650689750909805,
0.06726314127445221,
0.02997453883290291,
-0.04168010875582695,
0.012500460259616375,
-0.026729825884103775,
0.005857493262737989,
-0.018589967861771584,
0.06557125598192215,
0.03695280849933624,
0.07064816355705261,
0.03259727731347084,
0.027740413323044777,
-0.03420909866690636,
0.014481245540082455,
-0.06563122570514679,
0.01505800150334835,
0.024586526677012444,
0.025663677603006363,
-0.028947150334715843,
-0.07105047255754471,
-0.062253985553979874,
-0.03605186939239502,
0.048988860100507736,
-0.08716253936290741,
-0.024478483945131302,
-0.007433902472257614,
-0.06375351548194885,
-0.05912915989756584,
0.3986186981201172,
0.023736149072647095,
0.03361397236585617,
-0.025537416338920593,
0.042459286749362946,
0.006936850491911173,
-0.05487468093633652,
-0.020807068794965744,
-0.02703746408224106,
-0.0067077926360070705,
0.04232794791460037,
0.053440388292074203,
0.01185548584908247,
0.05973183736205101,
-0.021220598369836807,
0.038300398737192154,
-0.005101022310554981,
0.048468783497810364,
0.031942401081323624,
-0.0071443854831159115,
0.05490944907069206,
-0.026874009519815445,
0.03044169582426548,
-0.028215399011969566,
0.000878346327226609,
0.017263375222682953,
0.025123070925474167,
-0.0307723768055439,
0.12966325879096985,
0.03268180787563324,
-0.02234264276921749,
0.08011824637651443,
0.06114039197564125,
-0.060080960392951965,
0.0242172684520483,
0.006117906421422958,
-0.03127890080213547,
0.05093475803732872,
-0.023586662486195564,
0.026989944279193878,
-0.028955813497304916,
-0.002944330917671323,
-0.055605705827474594,
-0.025098880752921104,
-0.07880578190088272,
-0.0213394183665514,
0.12822303175926208,
0.08512227982282639,
0.006522024981677532,
-0.04295676201581955,
0.02154647372663021,
0.030629483982920647,
0.008436709642410278,
-0.0150932427495718,
0.01820170320570469,
-0.04848641902208328,
0.052584338933229446,
-0.029458913952112198,
-0.04682415723800659,
0.0024481001310050488,
-0.01584884710609913,
-0.05482000112533569,
0.012083262205123901,
-0.021199801936745644,
-0.03717179223895073,
0.07069747895002365,
0.0007964576943777502,
-0.004531010519713163,
-0.04402206838130951,
0.021098358556628227,
0.05455035716295242,
0.030492179095745087,
0.0005429501179605722,
-0.033399827778339386,
-0.027456695213913918,
0.007464311085641384,
-0.0370117649435997,
0.05097708851099014,
0.025414282456040382,
-0.0014315190492197871,
-0.009556946344673634,
0.04714592918753624,
-0.0029644626192748547,
0.042851854115724564,
0.013722012750804424,
-0.0019806225318461657,
-0.021139582619071007,
-0.007647047750651836,
0.021786779165267944,
-0.002956497948616743,
0.06225494295358658,
-0.09699350595474243,
0.002310733776539564,
-0.11464115232229233,
-0.03649261221289635,
-0.039504196494817734,
-0.014189627021551132,
-0.0035293386317789555,
0.05458775535225868,
-0.025645047426223755,
-0.03335807844996452,
0.07797562330961227,
0.022318456321954727,
0.030289798974990845,
0.07249998301267624,
-0.013035045005381107,
0.044348761439323425,
-0.06278073042631149,
-0.0340752974152565,
0.06666448712348938,
0.02571014128625393,
0.014860528521239758,
-0.027908287942409515,
-0.01042170450091362,
0.04590364545583725,
0.0026917976792901754,
0.06814718246459961,
-0.0009122032788582146,
0.015782030299305916,
0.023530082777142525,
-0.004225561395287514,
0.020479358732700348,
-0.049409981817007065,
0.011236840859055519,
-0.2896398901939392,
-0.031754471361637115,
0.02814933843910694,
-0.035260457545518875,
0.023701045662164688,
-0.08787161856889725,
0.0029518287628889084,
-0.040120579302310944,
-0.02137927897274494,
0.023614194244146347,
0.037117913365364075,
0.01019917894154787,
-0.03343501687049866,
-0.03571786358952522,
-0.006892655044794083,
0.05321553349494934,
0.04166005179286003,
-0.0763273760676384,
0.05293748155236244,
0.023455319926142693,
0.025209682062268257,
0.02229873649775982,
0.029251160100102425,
-0.00860041007399559,
0.03220461681485176,
-0.05439915508031845,
0.09831859916448593,
-0.027738550677895546,
0.008764448575675488,
-0.0035910734441131353,
-0.014847496524453163,
0.0433085560798645,
-0.026692921295762062,
-0.07374285161495209,
0.021418703719973564,
-0.05267518758773804,
0.003661162219941616,
0.0018385109724476933,
-0.02523891255259514,
-0.03119531087577343,
-0.09485585987567902,
0.02473805844783783,
0.0013366768835112453,
-0.025810595601797104,
-0.058600958436727524,
-0.02255329303443432,
-0.029098575934767723,
-0.017012473195791245,
-0.006940832361578941,
-0.02389407902956009,
0.06525108218193054,
-0.014618832617998123,
-0.016758419573307037,
-0.06095778942108154,
0.03376410901546478,
-0.04658002778887749,
-0.09021104872226715,
0.006401721853762865,
-0.09424606710672379,
0.04837408289313316,
0.048272017389535904,
-0.004247952718287706,
-0.034356530755758286,
0.011475387960672379,
0.0013464228250086308,
0.019704781472682953,
-0.002617758000269532,
-0.01054432149976492,
0.03632699325680733,
0.03833400085568428,
0.05176457390189171,
0.09727775305509567,
-0.0171956829726696,
0.005158834625035524,
0.09112592786550522,
0.001446862006559968,
-0.004038258455693722,
-0.043265409767627716,
-0.09567905962467194,
-0.02043621428310871,
-0.00444073649123311,
-0.04924578219652176,
0.0732375830411911,
0.039882879704236984,
-0.006844691466540098,
-0.020669786259531975,
0.007294805720448494,
0.01555368397384882,
0.014317137189209461,
-0.0028583805542439222,
-0.026826780289411545,
0.01907501555979252,
-0.053391531109809875,
-0.031994808465242386,
0.009535769000649452,
0.04500999301671982,
-0.2702610194683075,
0.020074281841516495,
-0.005837985780090094,
-0.025234034284949303,
-0.02289780043065548,
0.04192086309194565,
0.011872893199324608,
0.029133517295122147,
-0.05492660030722618,
0.02086334489285946,
-0.03315804526209831,
0.014368487522006035,
0.08759940415620804,
0.03770411014556885,
-0.05031415447592735,
0.017213715240359306,
0.017726749181747437,
-0.05107433721423149,
0.0059134745970368385,
-0.03806331008672714,
0.013395223766565323,
-0.016666540876030922,
0.12638260424137115,
-0.041497502475976944,
-0.04217207431793213,
0.017181647941470146,
0.018876343965530396,
0.038290660828351974,
0.006574700120836496,
-0.001263451180420816,
0.008577495813369751,
0.03712120279669762,
0.042695313692092896,
-0.021814515814185143,
0.04955245926976204,
0.07148132473230362,
-0.03969641029834747,
0.01339358277618885,
0.014557285234332085,
-0.0020818577613681555,
-0.04653080925345421,
-0.03701445460319519,
0.01741311326622963,
-0.04629698395729065,
0.043294671922922134,
-0.03916456922888756,
0.0023886878043413162,
-0.05728344991803169,
0.00805281288921833,
0.01853586919605732,
0.03786624222993851,
-0.054756131023168564,
0.002915953751653433,
0.04423294588923454,
-0.006815244909375906,
-0.03268783167004585,
-0.04796044901013374,
-0.022647859528660774,
-0.006861878093332052,
0.038679879158735275,
-0.02328595705330372,
-0.001572216977365315,
-0.028647083789110184,
0.018470901995897293,
-0.0493863970041275
] |
PMID:6492 | The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. | This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 declined slowly, resulting in an early increase in the urine minus blood (U-B) PCO2 which could not be obliterated by carbonic anhydrase infusion. Within approximately 50 min, the U-B PCO2 in the hyperventilated and carbonic anhydrase infused rats approached zero. Consequently, equilibrium between collecting duct urine and arterial blood PCO2 was then presumed to exist. This provided the basis for the subsequent studies on a series of rats. The U-B PCO2 decreased from a control of 22+/-1 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) to 11+/-2 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) with hypocapnia, and rose again to its control value when the blood PCO2 returned to prehyperventilation values. This decline in U-B PCO2 with acute hyperventilation could not be attributed to changes in urine flow, phosphate, or bicarbonate excretion, suggesting, therefore, a decrease in distal nephron (probably collecting duct) hydrogen ion secretion with acute hyperventilation. Possible pitfalls in the interpretation of the UB PCO2 are illustrated. | The effect of hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. This study was designed to determine the effect of acute hyperventilation on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion. The blood PCO2 declined and stabilized rapidly when bicarbonate loaded rats were hyperventilated. In contrast, the urine PCO2 declined slowly, resulting in an early increase in the urine minus blood (U-B) PCO2 which could not be obliterated by carbonic anhydrase infusion. Within approximately 50 min, the U-B PCO2 in the hyperventilated and carbonic anhydrase infused rats approached zero. Consequently, equilibrium between collecting duct urine and arterial blood PCO2 was then presumed to exist. This provided the basis for the subsequent studies on a series of rats. The U-B PCO2 decreased from a control of 22+/-1 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) to 11+/-2 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) with hypocapnia, and rose again to its control value when the blood PCO2 returned to prehyperventilation values. This decline in U-B PCO2 with acute hyperventilation could not be attributed to changes in urine flow, phosphate, or bicarbonate excretion, suggesting, therefore, a decrease in distal nephron (probably collecting duct) hydrogen ion secretion with acute hyperventilation. Possible pitfalls in the interpretation of the UB PCO2 are illustrated. | [
-0.03884899988770485,
0.00764276972040534,
0.05555475503206253,
0.09093531221151352,
0.00006406697502825409,
0.001047056051902473,
0.06596741080284119,
0.020999299362301826,
0.002828162396326661,
-0.0254372488707304,
-0.020433198660612106,
-0.056702401489019394,
-0.0007245086599141359,
0.03958313167095184,
-0.01565288007259369,
-0.020793365314602852,
-0.024700451642274857,
0.010115531273186207,
-0.09139209985733032,
0.014826939441263676,
-0.02201533503830433,
-0.023962978273630142,
0.05408087372779846,
-0.02982505038380623,
0.005802679341286421,
0.0035055354237556458,
0.021162116900086403,
0.007959812879562378,
-0.019762450829148293,
-0.19380126893520355,
0.08267422765493393,
-0.005350954364985228,
0.018044570460915565,
-0.007221504580229521,
0.007810045033693314,
0.04601588472723961,
-0.06414438039064407,
0.009173558093607426,
-0.03134489804506302,
0.05724899843335152,
-0.0197126604616642,
-0.004462377168238163,
0.026685895398259163,
0.021636145189404488,
0.023606957867741585,
0.005891705863177776,
0.018305329605937004,
0.0006598543259315193,
0.096295066177845,
0.051479920744895935,
0.04511772096157074,
0.028038708493113518,
-0.0018022499280050397,
0.06243150308728218,
0.047532178461551666,
-0.05462408438324928,
0.01652783527970314,
0.024862444028258324,
-0.0008585176547057927,
0.0029916532803326845,
-0.012691723182797432,
0.03504003956913948,
-0.145673930644989,
0.041863810271024704,
0.10107247531414032,
-0.034408263862133026,
-0.06469720602035522,
-0.05442030355334282,
0.07850316166877747,
0.03162940591573715,
-0.03610480949282646,
0.010588821023702621,
-0.0019026757217943668,
0.012711495161056519,
-0.008386367931962013,
-0.07282288372516632,
-0.011121666058897972,
0.012273789383471012,
0.03616555035114288,
0.04287132993340492,
0.015293637290596962,
-0.01608452945947647,
0.03218518942594528,
-0.015196191146969795,
0.04511898756027222,
-0.05336526781320572,
0.027936259284615517,
-0.03899119049310684,
-0.059719912707805634,
-0.010912391357123852,
-0.02697724476456642,
-0.07879282534122467,
-0.026538411155343056,
-0.005105545744299889,
-0.043279018253088,
0.056617118418216705,
0.061946239322423935,
-0.05125494301319122,
-0.03534236550331116,
0.3723345100879669,
-0.014982006512582302,
0.02467622607946396,
-0.046663589775562286,
0.0018068397184833884,
0.07666808366775513,
-0.025235164910554886,
-0.00021656583703588694,
0.05990424379706383,
-0.023155393078923225,
0.018312137573957443,
0.10170270502567291,
0.02636154554784298,
0.06976152956485748,
-0.039797887206077576,
0.009462004527449608,
0.03673918917775154,
0.053455546498298645,
0.048165928572416306,
-0.0077391862869262695,
0.08741847425699234,
-0.022992145270109177,
-0.015242991037666798,
0.013549179770052433,
-0.014360740780830383,
0.01759807951748371,
-0.010585499927401543,
0.00900450348854065,
0.05340560898184776,
0.02028905414044857,
0.025198549032211304,
0.06788751482963562,
0.012850907631218433,
-0.038818929344415665,
-0.023907894268631935,
0.0082861902192235,
-0.02773592434823513,
0.045057039707899094,
-0.06758151203393936,
0.03461936488747597,
0.024173136800527573,
-0.02289523184299469,
-0.0306572113186121,
-0.021071912720799446,
-0.10425694286823273,
-0.06148938834667206,
0.10659287124872208,
0.04004490002989769,
-0.01268367562443018,
-0.024332063272595406,
-0.006433945614844561,
-0.0011845544213429093,
0.023177077993750572,
-0.04345739632844925,
-0.0197629164904356,
-0.00746259605512023,
-0.017859870567917824,
-0.01924506202340126,
0.06887239217758179,
0.004777052439749241,
-0.005024746526032686,
-0.04869701713323593,
-0.05541084706783295,
-0.0356014221906662,
0.03565378114581108,
0.01690220832824707,
0.029626330360770226,
-0.013011018745601177,
-0.05444435030221939,
0.0539938248693943,
0.03884667530655861,
0.007197604980319738,
0.01197913009673357,
-0.0026390838902443647,
-0.10103055089712143,
0.07187032699584961,
-0.022941213101148605,
0.023530498147010803,
-0.018457187339663506,
0.002473579254001379,
-0.03983491659164429,
0.02251479960978031,
-0.007757746614515781,
-0.015520059503614902,
-0.010206813924014568,
0.017162922769784927,
-0.0496511273086071,
-0.07917506247758865,
0.02305661514401436,
0.01865971088409424,
0.09495529532432556,
-0.07716090977191925,
-0.003973232116550207,
-0.09587188810110092,
-0.025509553030133247,
-0.008298340253531933,
-0.040164534002542496,
-0.018941842019557953,
-0.008691552095115185,
-0.03608817979693413,
-0.007312391884624958,
0.06322803348302841,
-0.03326220065355301,
-0.0029675522819161415,
0.030199533328413963,
0.038653187453746796,
0.05375709384679794,
0.023994650691747665,
-0.052396003156900406,
0.008909697644412518,
-0.0146721750497818,
-0.010283555835485458,
0.026696423068642616,
-0.03631323575973511,
0.01718529500067234,
-0.014452818781137466,
-0.010442663915455341,
-0.0019026208901777864,
0.03193571791052818,
0.05031871795654297,
0.03541039675474167,
0.09137877076864243,
-0.08209876716136932,
-0.02211889810860157,
-0.32619377970695496,
-0.023185141384601593,
0.03382839262485504,
-0.039348240941762924,
0.09018390625715256,
-0.0013296559918671846,
0.024221157655119896,
-0.018649525940418243,
-0.014343316666781902,
-0.04532666131854057,
0.023108165711164474,
0.06110024079680443,
-0.04264085367321968,
-0.0018098365981131792,
0.01588943414390087,
0.054332152009010315,
0.08506972342729568,
-0.0030672834254801273,
0.02813505008816719,
0.026653174310922623,
0.055558595806360245,
-0.022658823058009148,
-0.0032912176102399826,
0.0030467186588793993,
0.0012721082894131541,
-0.0038576191291213036,
0.07026070356369019,
-0.009942837990820408,
-0.01447635143995285,
-0.0602974109351635,
-0.011589821428060532,
0.0529506579041481,
0.04395704343914986,
-0.09031282365322113,
-0.03631369024515152,
-0.0055762785486876965,
-0.036172281950712204,
0.02504603937268257,
-0.014276465401053429,
-0.01980082504451275,
-0.08823364228010178,
0.025517787784337997,
-0.024422047659754753,
-0.03607882559299469,
-0.028233155608177185,
-0.0004181376425549388,
0.033014994114637375,
0.05513380840420723,
-0.010091343894600868,
-0.029011964797973633,
0.07759608328342438,
0.017395397648215294,
-0.029342809692025185,
-0.05335841700434685,
0.035392384976148605,
-0.052000489085912704,
-0.017624245956540108,
-0.04531440883874893,
-0.05482977628707886,
-0.002407567575573921,
-0.00454217754304409,
-0.01546537596732378,
0.03517201542854309,
0.0027964122127741575,
-0.02170664817094803,
0.015626762062311172,
0.002964662853628397,
0.020841728895902634,
0.04721873253583908,
0.012683598324656487,
0.0034524546936154366,
0.13587190210819244,
-0.019791923463344574,
0.050967250019311905,
0.03608038276433945,
0.0072417608462274075,
-0.04350614175200462,
-0.05750516802072525,
-0.06445430964231491,
-0.02111978828907013,
-0.012336858548223972,
-0.027841851115226746,
0.09637714922428131,
0.007150897290557623,
0.010822134092450142,
0.024210749194025993,
0.03392238914966583,
-0.03706836327910423,
0.006009290460497141,
-0.014785012230277061,
-0.025350451469421387,
0.004835657309740782,
-0.06242751330137253,
-0.02851349301636219,
0.05111744627356529,
0.03119310736656189,
-0.29135793447494507,
-0.03870581462979317,
0.010039635002613068,
-0.03138625621795654,
-0.027043793350458145,
-0.023166276514530182,
-0.001117689535021782,
-0.02321101911365986,
-0.05412565544247627,
-0.013094204477965832,
-0.010777391493320465,
0.04762668535113335,
0.021005339920520782,
0.07024426013231277,
-0.04619123414158821,
0.012546471320092678,
0.015936795622110367,
-0.021223893389105797,
-0.01913510076701641,
0.016036326065659523,
0.017010565847158432,
-0.004547502379864454,
0.1168699860572815,
0.03242946043610573,
-0.03643204644322395,
0.01319791004061699,
0.0027392751071602106,
0.004435911774635315,
-0.044770777225494385,
-0.01771456189453602,
-0.005271226167678833,
0.012683923356235027,
0.013602713122963905,
-0.039919666945934296,
0.0138310631737113,
-0.007603511214256287,
-0.0581018403172493,
0.04549728333950043,
0.005133551545441151,
0.00434235529974103,
-0.018192682415246964,
0.001788433757610619,
-0.009944528341293335,
-0.04925108700990677,
0.06729058176279068,
-0.01671503484249115,
-0.0014959669206291437,
-0.013506260700523853,
0.041652679443359375,
-0.032366130501031876,
-0.015964999794960022,
-0.018157945945858955,
0.05838516354560852,
0.05303635448217392,
-0.002191800158470869,
0.007065121550112963,
-0.02379676327109337,
-0.09802757203578949,
0.038964997977018356,
-0.008972316980361938,
0.025364266708493233,
0.007840247824788094,
-0.00681799603626132,
0.013950788415968418,
0.05598733201622963
] |
PMID:6493 | Enzymic basis for cyclic GMP accumulation in degenerative photoreceptor cells of mouse retina. | The activities of guanylate cyclase, guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured during postnatal development in retinas of control and C3H/HeJ mice. In control retina, each of these enzyme activities increases in conjunction with photoreceptor cell differentiation and maturation. In C3H retina, guanylate cyclase and 5-nucleotidase activities increase with photoreceptor cell development and decrease with photoreceptor cell death. However, the activity of a class of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which distinguishes the photoreceptor cells of control mice and those of several other species is not demonstrable in retina of C3H mice at any age. It is suggested that the deficiency in cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity may account for the accumulation of cyclic GMP which has been shown to occur in the C3H photoreceptor cells before they degenerate. | Enzymic basis for cyclic GMP accumulation in degenerative photoreceptor cells of mouse retina. The activities of guanylate cyclase, guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured during postnatal development in retinas of control and C3H/HeJ mice. In control retina, each of these enzyme activities increases in conjunction with photoreceptor cell differentiation and maturation. In C3H retina, guanylate cyclase and 5-nucleotidase activities increase with photoreceptor cell development and decrease with photoreceptor cell death. However, the activity of a class of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which distinguishes the photoreceptor cells of control mice and those of several other species is not demonstrable in retina of C3H mice at any age. It is suggested that the deficiency in cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity may account for the accumulation of cyclic GMP which has been shown to occur in the C3H photoreceptor cells before they degenerate. | [
-0.024056319147348404,
-0.023235337808728218,
-0.04844826087355614,
0.006786905694752932,
0.024382703006267548,
0.03732852265238762,
0.04457719624042511,
0.018673593178391457,
-0.058979783207178116,
-0.000049323029088554904,
0.03159988299012184,
-0.05830041691660881,
-0.027400687336921692,
0.0029814918525516987,
-0.05066563934087753,
-0.03956853970885277,
-0.02456817775964737,
-0.013232732191681862,
-0.014929169788956642,
-0.04241035133600235,
-0.000983774196356535,
-0.034100208431482315,
0.025096166878938675,
-0.02026350609958172,
0.03431784361600876,
-0.019767185673117638,
-0.021060694009065628,
-0.009950825944542885,
-0.041776709258556366,
-0.19049178063869476,
0.023438088595867157,
0.0023806013632565737,
-0.022202635183930397,
-0.0424119308590889,
-0.02757077105343342,
-0.014975005760788918,
-0.044474512338638306,
0.01940387859940529,
-0.017135757952928543,
0.040556877851486206,
0.028985878452658653,
-0.01026342622935772,
-0.054027121514081955,
0.008137882687151432,
0.04531281068921089,
0.0033826236613094807,
-0.0404302179813385,
-0.05593591928482056,
0.04622640088200569,
-0.01938778907060623,
0.061727654188871384,
-0.032626885920763016,
0.01836482807993889,
0.0029993609059602022,
-0.06541945040225983,
0.015690499916672707,
0.041085973381996155,
-0.005789314862340689,
0.00867587048560381,
0.032837171107530594,
0.020372219383716583,
0.04659067466855049,
-0.136205792427063,
0.016666240990161896,
0.06588371098041534,
0.008095097728073597,
0.004829233977943659,
-0.050795070827007294,
-0.023844487965106964,
0.026923928409814835,
-0.07116912305355072,
0.04626212641596794,
-0.02431436814367771,
-0.03948061168193817,
-0.020493360236287117,
-0.004326440393924713,
-0.027084847912192345,
0.011186588555574417,
0.05585118383169174,
0.006240447983145714,
0.03367334604263306,
-0.0071457610465586185,
0.05384242162108421,
-0.021214328706264496,
0.019992047920823097,
0.007165896240621805,
-0.07569917291402817,
-0.04740281030535698,
-0.002257891930639744,
0.04188019409775734,
-0.06083988398313522,
-0.06655297428369522,
-0.010047909803688526,
-0.06432896852493286,
-0.04909108579158783,
0.06186782568693161,
0.08260568976402283,
0.007520625367760658,
-0.05375228822231293,
0.39045360684394836,
-0.016592951491475105,
0.011339440941810608,
-0.06311673671007156,
0.0010162636172026396,
-0.004925333429127932,
-0.033803828060626984,
-0.049047261476516724,
-0.0017456419300287962,
-0.03775430843234062,
0.04564289748668671,
0.027784641832113266,
0.014979533851146698,
0.015114867128431797,
-0.018642911687493324,
-0.05406054109334946,
-0.03364519402384758,
0.012481581419706345,
0.011695092543959618,
-0.020211173221468925,
0.07530520111322403,
0.042970601469278336,
-0.038653627038002014,
0.022672105580568314,
0.010512812063097954,
0.060871586203575134,
0.014284856617450714,
-0.06301100552082062,
0.09793531149625778,
0.05450618639588356,
0.00024455299717374146,
0.037871621549129486,
0.05753334239125252,
-0.03815040364861488,
0.021183183416724205,
0.03508696332573891,
-0.00247780978679657,
0.05826478824019432,
-0.06949670612812042,
0.0009143529459834099,
-0.053375378251075745,
0.020377418026328087,
-0.017849000170826912,
0.022321298718452454,
-0.044247813522815704,
-0.00942948553711176,
0.11350768059492111,
-0.021273460239171982,
0.08576957881450653,
0.009429577738046646,
0.027254734188318253,
0.021585283800959587,
0.07152596116065979,
0.008776182308793068,
-0.00045209587551653385,
0.017195861786603928,
0.07174499332904816,
-0.016379142180085182,
-0.01186290942132473,
0.03684180974960327,
0.0077092270366847515,
-0.10884875059127808,
0.031215092167258263,
0.04977935552597046,
0.02745889313519001,
0.05947847664356232,
-0.027066247537732124,
-0.048173509538173676,
-0.03535136207938194,
-0.005975257605314255,
-0.023950083181262016,
-0.052014343440532684,
0.03124997764825821,
0.01913534477353096,
-0.057338371872901917,
0.008032362908124924,
0.03833753988146782,
0.008627560921013355,
0.0044890050776302814,
0.0068737477995455265,
0.01771264709532261,
0.008628163486719131,
-0.06021488457918167,
-0.03685063496232033,
0.020886126905679703,
0.04116373136639595,
-0.024919254705309868,
-0.016141308471560478,
0.023273076862096786,
-0.0005558632547035813,
0.038857635110616684,
-0.015519977547228336,
-0.015252994373440742,
-0.06816309690475464,
0.0032863689120858908,
-0.08896346390247345,
-0.06346094608306885,
-0.03176701068878174,
-0.043462783098220825,
0.03464384749531746,
-0.03661417216062546,
0.08965554088354111,
-0.003280842211097479,
0.03495195880532265,
0.04675014689564705,
-0.015490001998841763,
0.03059319593012333,
-0.018097369000315666,
0.03896515816450119,
0.06375804543495178,
0.03485848754644394,
-0.026191581040620804,
-0.018907418474555016,
0.04868553206324577,
0.005366174969822168,
-0.045009545981884,
0.06686783581972122,
-0.04528903588652611,
0.0317925289273262,
0.04002250358462334,
-0.02054470404982567,
0.01317385584115982,
-0.025748567655682564,
-0.040795497596263885,
-0.2968282103538513,
-0.030071912333369255,
0.006224645767360926,
-0.0536632277071476,
0.012908341363072395,
-0.037810783833265305,
0.08155100047588348,
-0.052855443209409714,
0.014857168309390545,
-0.054171014577150345,
0.040932606905698776,
0.06760679930448532,
-0.029922904446721077,
-0.03966828063130379,
-0.024733787402510643,
0.04097524285316467,
0.01940367929637432,
-0.052187059074640274,
0.03296012058854103,
0.014017227105796337,
0.027857286855578423,
0.018437514081597328,
-0.019153738394379616,
0.0223825816065073,
0.043461766093969345,
-0.024799413979053497,
0.10174185037612915,
0.04341580346226692,
0.018882717937231064,
0.001259842305444181,
0.03476914390921593,
0.04274071753025055,
-0.010838283225893974,
-0.08010198175907135,
-0.02173185907304287,
-0.009379773400723934,
-0.051456302404403687,
-0.0029249663930386305,
-0.0076101552695035934,
0.02561967447400093,
-0.0015463175950571895,
0.05338602885603905,
-0.014015719294548035,
-0.00821884535253048,
-0.06150431931018829,
-0.006048760376870632,
0.03658335283398628,
0.07188578695058823,
0.08606652915477753,
-0.0646769106388092,
0.025850461795926094,
-0.024466319009661674,
-0.020908469334244728,
-0.05019170045852661,
0.030259547755122185,
0.010379011742770672,
-0.043665483593940735,
0.05240629240870476,
-0.055192071944475174,
0.010082121938467026,
0.05037697032094002,
0.03344283625483513,
-0.016036715358495712,
-0.037617165595293045,
0.04033733159303665,
-0.0030294458847492933,
0.0373002327978611,
-0.0389547273516655,
0.0738062933087349,
0.0006328356685116887,
0.02915829047560692,
0.09168116003274918,
-0.04829687252640724,
0.005091623403131962,
0.024674735963344574,
-0.00009157240856438875,
-0.04572370648384094,
-0.05872690677642822,
-0.03487449884414673,
-0.018100667744874954,
-0.052661821246147156,
-0.023360366001725197,
0.019001305103302002,
-0.005424510221928358,
0.006926414556801319,
-0.00918134767562151,
0.033837854862213135,
-0.04354529082775116,
0.040692441165447235,
-0.03174842894077301,
0.035039272159338,
0.013062912039458752,
-0.0325130894780159,
-0.03684251382946968,
0.02626102790236473,
0.0007651137420907617,
-0.28686046600341797,
-0.012422449886798859,
-0.010335857048630714,
-0.02336178719997406,
0.016184696927666664,
0.06942739337682724,
0.053259845823049545,
-0.0077197495847940445,
-0.01524925883859396,
0.05481133237481117,
0.04620792716741562,
0.031188013032078743,
0.03819352388381958,
0.04181754216551781,
0.004685237072408199,
0.016858456656336784,
0.057570360600948334,
-0.020327500998973846,
-0.00684832688421011,
-0.02670956216752529,
0.07281264662742615,
-0.016924995929002762,
0.16102387011051178,
0.0017451044404879212,
-0.0015289084985852242,
0.013916023075580597,
-0.01302480697631836,
-0.0032178987748920918,
-0.06251219660043716,
0.07084093987941742,
-0.05268120393157005,
0.04543358087539673,
0.0846971943974495,
-0.019506044685840607,
0.05706241726875305,
0.08695627003908157,
-0.003265159670263529,
0.015420828014612198,
0.024780726060271263,
-0.004947961773723364,
-0.010991523042321205,
0.016307052224874496,
-0.06227794289588928,
-0.002171876607462764,
0.0834866389632225,
-0.08808766305446625,
-0.05197438970208168,
0.009647349826991558,
-0.0468539223074913,
0.0066419136710464954,
-0.03943764045834541,
-0.041108693927526474,
0.04963836818933487,
-0.00957842729985714,
-0.025332432240247726,
-0.02301853336393833,
-0.04576487839221954,
-0.02789345383644104,
0.019719036296010017,
0.013822355307638645,
-0.03577027469873428,
0.017762480303645134,
0.018271613866090775,
0.08352179080247879,
0.01648956723511219
] |
PMID:6494 | beta-Adrenergic receptors in rat brain. | 125I-Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ([125I] IHYP), a potent beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used to study beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. Binding of [125I] IHYP (30 pM) to a membrane fraction min and dissociation took place with a half time of about 16 min. Phentolamine (10(-4) M) decreased non-receptor binding but it had no effect on the binding of [125I] IHYP to beta-adrenergic receptors in cortex, cerebellum or caudate. In the presence of phentolamine specific binding (defined as binding which was blocked by 0.3 muM dl-propranolol) represented 70-85% of total binding. The binding of [125I] IHYP was inhibited by beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. d-Stereoisomers were 2-3 orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding 1-isomers. The denstiy of [125I] IHYP binding sites was studied in membrane fractions from cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and caudate nucleus by means of Scatchard analysis. The K(D) of [125I] IHYP was similar in the three regions studied, and the density of [125I] IHYP binding sites was approximately 50% greater in the cortex and caudate than in the cerebellum. The Hill coefficient for the binding of [125I] IHYP to membranes from cerebral cortex was 1.02. The properties of the binding of [125I] IHYP are similar to those which would be expected of binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in vitro. | beta-Adrenergic receptors in rat brain. 125I-Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ([125I] IHYP), a potent beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used to study beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. Binding of [125I] IHYP (30 pM) to a membrane fraction min and dissociation took place with a half time of about 16 min. Phentolamine (10(-4) M) decreased non-receptor binding but it had no effect on the binding of [125I] IHYP to beta-adrenergic receptors in cortex, cerebellum or caudate. In the presence of phentolamine specific binding (defined as binding which was blocked by 0.3 muM dl-propranolol) represented 70-85% of total binding. The binding of [125I] IHYP was inhibited by beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. d-Stereoisomers were 2-3 orders of magnitude less potent than the corresponding 1-isomers. The denstiy of [125I] IHYP binding sites was studied in membrane fractions from cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and caudate nucleus by means of Scatchard analysis. The K(D) of [125I] IHYP was similar in the three regions studied, and the density of [125I] IHYP binding sites was approximately 50% greater in the cortex and caudate than in the cerebellum. The Hill coefficient for the binding of [125I] IHYP to membranes from cerebral cortex was 1.02. The properties of the binding of [125I] IHYP are similar to those which would be expected of binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in vitro. | [
-0.0317067988216877,
-0.021725468337535858,
-0.026999007910490036,
-0.020385002717375755,
-0.010747365653514862,
-0.012929522432386875,
0.0770212784409523,
0.03061995655298233,
-0.027423005551099777,
-0.023753102868795395,
0.015710975974798203,
-0.04448910430073738,
-0.03199635446071625,
0.04363817721605301,
-0.04974807798862457,
0.012857884168624878,
0.008025938645005226,
-0.056596964597702026,
-0.042576685547828674,
0.012523719109594822,
-0.02286388911306858,
-0.05731981247663498,
-0.014673389494419098,
0.005886579863727093,
-0.007192129269242287,
0.023180151358246803,
-0.01894167624413967,
-0.05176480859518051,
-0.06296847015619278,
-0.17909885942935944,
0.03358076512813568,
-0.004976143594831228,
0.05405376851558685,
-0.016757352277636528,
-0.07444113492965698,
0.012989910319447517,
-0.00003627711703302339,
0.04219694435596466,
0.016906388103961945,
0.006993385963141918,
0.0740383118391037,
0.014325626194477081,
-0.017734870314598083,
0.045786984264850616,
0.025478485971689224,
-0.024447645992040634,
-0.07627826184034348,
-0.007964473217725754,
0.10124783217906952,
0.028475362807512283,
0.027310552075505257,
0.008057662285864353,
0.00394410127773881,
0.053254611790180206,
-0.00680344644933939,
-0.005559342447668314,
0.027766983956098557,
0.022515228018164635,
0.032086826860904694,
0.057929832488298416,
-0.027988817542791367,
0.04304130747914314,
-0.1864115595817566,
0.030400557443499565,
0.03771374374628067,
0.020268328487873077,
-0.0439513698220253,
-0.03679803013801575,
0.039635997265577316,
0.030161304399371147,
-0.0058325789868831635,
0.02813703566789627,
0.01582292467355728,
-0.0463484488427639,
-0.015469904989004135,
-0.02160465158522129,
0.02105439081788063,
-0.022390330210328102,
0.04340042918920517,
-0.008926978334784508,
0.040766045451164246,
0.02870689146220684,
-0.041717953979969025,
-0.04943357780575752,
0.04513867571949959,
0.03946191072463989,
0.045729950070381165,
-0.02188771404325962,
0.01914438046514988,
-0.06337675452232361,
-0.05867023393511772,
-0.057358961552381516,
0.01878131367266178,
0.022305641323328018,
-0.017937110736966133,
0.034572284668684006,
-0.008740927092730999,
-0.012892174534499645,
-0.03130413964390755,
0.29741373658180237,
-0.020824749022722244,
0.05500707030296326,
-0.062288880348205566,
-0.017103269696235657,
0.0034530642442405224,
0.021929854527115822,
-0.009725747630000114,
-0.08213935792446136,
-0.09094643592834473,
0.0306130051612854,
0.009421217255294323,
-0.04494835436344147,
0.026845227926969528,
-0.001196467550471425,
-0.005232367664575577,
-0.07898189127445221,
-0.012505955994129181,
-0.01229106355458498,
0.01874741166830063,
0.02301064319908619,
-0.06906361132860184,
-0.01691337488591671,
0.03848610818386078,
0.0803460106253624,
0.05995436757802963,
-0.034068185836076736,
-0.02397145889699459,
0.08091118931770325,
0.06608697772026062,
0.015939965844154358,
0.03224460780620575,
0.010480218566954136,
0.0018142802873626351,
0.05732398107647896,
0.058823112398386,
0.00499723618850112,
0.042755067348480225,
-0.025719182565808296,
0.03207578510046005,
-0.049706995487213135,
0.02733771875500679,
-0.019404245540499687,
0.031807370483875275,
-0.056288257241249084,
-0.04492459446191788,
0.15242765843868256,
-0.014648422598838806,
-0.035503268241882324,
-0.07242985814809799,
0.012237496674060822,
-0.015246900729835033,
0.07680736482143402,
-0.004959025885909796,
0.046519648283720016,
-0.06566755473613739,
0.0011253717821091413,
0.006084765773266554,
0.01994691602885723,
-0.048546914011240005,
0.047443367540836334,
-0.10903218388557434,
-0.03753586485981941,
0.03335742652416229,
0.045719847083091736,
-0.057232558727264404,
-0.0147903673350811,
-0.0683378204703331,
0.031553614884614944,
-0.015447276644408703,
0.00914737768471241,
0.007397826295346022,
-0.0012782852863892913,
0.021939026191830635,
-0.0018530234228819609,
-0.017572831362485886,
0.02347789891064167,
0.028264405205845833,
0.029975995421409607,
0.04122417792677879,
-0.07626153528690338,
-0.020515739917755127,
0.00756300101056695,
0.010799392126500607,
-0.026991205289959908,
0.02394154667854309,
0.047109056264162064,
0.012204337865114212,
-0.038127195090055466,
-0.03299129381775856,
0.04345480352640152,
-0.002081114798784256,
0.031560566276311874,
-0.09840698540210724,
0.013049375265836716,
-0.048681434243917465,
-0.024994483217597008,
-0.05683007091283798,
0.05772833153605461,
-0.03352035954594612,
-0.03477286174893379,
0.11962161213159561,
-0.03235858678817749,
-0.04324671998620033,
0.07357475906610489,
0.02730254828929901,
0.037919364869594574,
-0.006343340966850519,
-0.03014049306511879,
0.1074676662683487,
-0.00903549138456583,
-0.04753231629729271,
0.05311538651585579,
-0.004069700837135315,
-0.012490547262132168,
-0.025681739673018456,
0.05468808487057686,
-0.013072733767330647,
0.03690759092569351,
0.04878402128815651,
0.010847478173673153,
0.021285606548190117,
-0.06736341118812561,
0.011416765861213207,
-0.28192463517189026,
-0.012636913917958736,
0.014741738326847553,
0.011809004470705986,
0.0477309487760067,
-0.09688878804445267,
0.059804145246744156,
-0.043645504862070084,
-0.019730787724256516,
-0.04914383590221405,
0.025649169459939003,
0.04422733932733536,
-0.022621488198637962,
-0.03453298658132553,
-0.039156410843133926,
0.06301973015069962,
0.06513212621212006,
-0.04142782837152481,
0.05031339451670647,
-0.007359861396253109,
-0.017262404784560204,
0.007872987538576126,
-0.04122316092252731,
0.032766446471214294,
0.011669661849737167,
-0.09028945118188858,
0.09308391064405441,
0.03925320878624916,
-0.03656764701008797,
-0.013498465530574322,
-0.03887971490621567,
0.059950511902570724,
-0.003361887065693736,
-0.10090628266334534,
-0.006326230242848396,
-0.045055218040943146,
0.0293276309967041,
-0.04999927431344986,
0.03936724737286568,
-0.00008080140833044425,
-0.04294922947883606,
0.041386328637599945,
-0.032881930470466614,
-0.06708398461341858,
-0.06002514436841011,
0.022384531795978546,
0.010508455336093903,
0.04770507663488388,
0.005239618010818958,
0.012654047459363937,
0.04870859906077385,
0.008442106656730175,
-0.05059503763914108,
-0.02378876693546772,
0.034372150897979736,
0.03550341725349426,
-0.08162875473499298,
-0.01842758245766163,
-0.015292305499315262,
0.010261930525302887,
0.01608748361468315,
0.0020568929612636566,
0.012486294843256474,
0.014405043795704842,
0.02987930364906788,
0.018257979303598404,
0.06393245607614517,
-0.03264804184436798,
0.03809474781155586,
0.05761857330799103,
0.03773822262883186,
0.05718974396586418,
-0.00391844566911459,
0.05259685218334198,
0.053180500864982605,
-0.00873903464525938,
-0.06046564504504204,
-0.06464719772338867,
0.011180290952324867,
0.061679691076278687,
-0.001863370300270617,
-0.03723597899079323,
0.0661492869257927,
-0.004956990946084261,
-0.018780812621116638,
-0.009788471274077892,
0.02224128507077694,
-0.04160391166806221,
0.07115071266889572,
-0.015647858381271362,
-0.07245645672082901,
0.049480877816677094,
-0.042311180382966995,
-0.01865130476653576,
0.05146469175815582,
0.023009685799479485,
-0.29336345195770264,
0.04712146520614624,
0.0036269871052354574,
0.008311877027153969,
-0.03130511939525604,
0.06429176032543182,
0.04498746618628502,
-0.033871129155159,
-0.048186663538217545,
-0.0028313840739428997,
-0.013524563051760197,
0.01585988514125347,
0.03820135071873665,
0.0515725314617157,
-0.02412569709122181,
0.007810484152287245,
0.07249773293733597,
0.011937325820326805,
0.01109551265835762,
0.0021274564787745476,
-0.05353350564837456,
0.014220286160707474,
0.13988935947418213,
0.032450880855321884,
-0.018573729321360588,
0.024475108832120895,
-0.0017423531971871853,
-0.0027115701232105494,
0.0030091721564531326,
-0.000032754345738794655,
-0.053827717900276184,
-0.0348590724170208,
0.09611453860998154,
-0.042158354073762894,
0.0528973788022995,
0.03890352323651314,
-0.03333089128136635,
-0.026363372802734375,
0.02262485772371292,
0.031370192766189575,
-0.038663145154714584,
0.08839285373687744,
-0.080169677734375,
-0.003607707330957055,
0.05399216338992119,
-0.06680142879486084,
-0.07018883526325226,
0.038253314793109894,
0.026095718145370483,
0.04653395712375641,
-0.025977421551942825,
0.007484250236302614,
-0.004824635572731495,
0.021078191697597504,
0.011483507230877876,
0.022673098370432854,
-0.009650136344134808,
-0.05591637268662453,
-0.0031195220071822405,
-0.02793101593852043,
-0.03660422936081886,
0.004155705217272043,
-0.016854017972946167,
0.06177232041954994,
0.051810696721076965
] |
PMID:6495 | Effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers. | Effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. Thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. Evaluation criteria were concentrations of urea in blood and of pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. Citrus pulp for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0, 19, 38, or 55%. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled 1 h before and 2, 4, 7, and 12 h after feed was placed directly into the rumen. No differences between pelleted and conventional pulp or among time trends were significant except that for both forms rumen ammonia was lower with the two highest percents of citrus pulp. Addition of citrus pulp at 0, 19, 38, or 55% of the ration reduced rumen pH (6.85, 6.65, 6.61, 6.51). Blood urea and rumen ammonia decreased in steers fed 19, 38, or 55% pulp; thus, the acetic to propionic ratio was higher. Butyric acid changed only in the time trend. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher at 19, 38, and 55% than at 0% pulp. They were higher at 38 and 55 than at 19%. | Effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers. Effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. Thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. Evaluation criteria were concentrations of urea in blood and of pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. Citrus pulp for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0, 19, 38, or 55%. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled 1 h before and 2, 4, 7, and 12 h after feed was placed directly into the rumen. No differences between pelleted and conventional pulp or among time trends were significant except that for both forms rumen ammonia was lower with the two highest percents of citrus pulp. Addition of citrus pulp at 0, 19, 38, or 55% of the ration reduced rumen pH (6.85, 6.65, 6.61, 6.51). Blood urea and rumen ammonia decreased in steers fed 19, 38, or 55% pulp; thus, the acetic to propionic ratio was higher. Butyric acid changed only in the time trend. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher at 19, 38, and 55% than at 0% pulp. They were higher at 38 and 55 than at 19%. | [
-0.03125042840838432,
0.005969522520899773,
0.017504112794995308,
0.011667842976748943,
0.1102597638964653,
-0.027693770825862885,
-0.004204341676086187,
0.05603824555873871,
-0.0031660860404372215,
0.015336846001446247,
-0.001860937220044434,
-0.07553203403949738,
-0.00790831632912159,
0.009579128585755825,
-0.03390941768884659,
-0.0776379331946373,
-0.00827266089618206,
0.03448663651943207,
-0.05712916702032089,
0.00042929075425490737,
0.050655547529459,
-0.007132732309401035,
0.0074275340884923935,
0.008203093893826008,
0.05241217836737633,
-0.004030628129839897,
-0.01925552263855934,
0.028045089915394783,
-0.06265795230865479,
-0.2301715612411499,
0.03609761595726013,
-0.004806742537766695,
0.01876743696630001,
-0.01171431690454483,
-0.02845338173210621,
0.054037585854530334,
-0.011517922393977642,
-0.03666277602314949,
0.0029027704149484634,
0.023982176557183266,
0.0698545053601265,
0.05729498341679573,
-0.05956801027059555,
0.022610729560256004,
0.001686697592958808,
-0.004402685910463333,
-0.03434981405735016,
-0.005515420809388161,
0.11017489433288574,
0.013710160739719868,
-0.014104222878813744,
-0.047710828483104706,
0.026041412726044655,
-0.01770520955324173,
-0.01405111700296402,
-0.015717405825853348,
0.07715731114149094,
0.031449127942323685,
-0.023656466975808144,
0.03258749842643738,
0.00858951173722744,
0.011583124287426472,
-0.16917096078395844,
0.03442598879337311,
0.01816159300506115,
-0.0006104471394792199,
-0.05983440950512886,
0.029497310519218445,
0.05619853362441063,
0.07783860713243484,
-0.07791601121425629,
0.052738770842552185,
-0.03921176865696907,
0.0384087935090065,
0.028956664726138115,
0.039132364094257355,
0.046838872134685516,
-0.01834009774029255,
-0.03194596618413925,
0.02026393823325634,
-0.07013069838285446,
0.028631314635276794,
-0.04827755317091942,
-0.01292954757809639,
0.004587729461491108,
-0.06463351100683212,
-0.011707859113812447,
0.014006633311510086,
-0.007699613459408283,
0.02079036831855774,
0.007632230408489704,
-0.034743040800094604,
-0.019763726741075516,
0.01370815560221672,
-0.04396376386284828,
-0.013417934998869896,
0.005736569873988628,
-0.027391040697693825,
0.0020967849995940924,
0.4034765660762787,
0.004999969620257616,
-0.03194631263613701,
0.022877691313624382,
-0.06485641002655029,
0.024765631183981895,
0.029008636251091957,
-0.02745237573981285,
0.03002369962632656,
0.017477624118328094,
0.060074228793382645,
0.06569769233465195,
0.00602701073512435,
-0.01639702171087265,
0.020743083208799362,
-0.005657176021486521,
0.0107667725533247,
0.02812338061630726,
0.013544369488954544,
-0.027541879564523697,
-0.00476494524627924,
-0.007615122478455305,
0.0012085195630788803,
0.039313990622758865,
-0.021574728190898895,
0.03575945273041725,
-0.012839913368225098,
-0.020879464223980904,
0.05791916698217392,
0.015807677060365677,
0.026860831305384636,
-0.03794724866747856,
-0.07919556647539139,
0.0187594685703516,
-0.006512461695820093,
0.008636695332825184,
-0.009662152267992496,
0.06946783512830734,
-0.010253367014229298,
0.03546011447906494,
0.03536084666848183,
-0.058837998658418655,
-0.05300159752368927,
-0.04610556736588478,
-0.10099264979362488,
-0.037537217140197754,
0.09922055900096893,
0.0817914679646492,
0.01194275077432394,
-0.04127845913171768,
-0.007797902449965477,
-0.03741699084639549,
0.05540164187550545,
-0.04105965793132782,
-0.015110863372683525,
0.0034152620937675238,
-0.006086640525609255,
-0.036040548235177994,
0.005636655259877443,
0.06221335008740425,
-0.056299228221178055,
-0.04255203157663345,
-0.09081217646598816,
-0.013207480311393738,
0.031220998615026474,
0.0013598668156191707,
-0.020101279020309448,
-0.09068291634321213,
0.041820693761110306,
0.07979052513837814,
0.0020906405989080667,
0.018802490085363388,
0.0152000542730093,
-0.0006265822448767722,
-0.031115679070353508,
0.019301237538456917,
0.0011623651953414083,
0.01599796861410141,
0.002465795027092099,
0.018652481958270073,
-0.009563193656504154,
0.05480257421731949,
0.06521417200565338,
0.0014645117335021496,
0.03882629796862602,
0.03150869160890579,
-0.01111867930740118,
-0.07578980177640915,
0.04324207454919815,
0.01621333509683609,
0.006169894244521856,
0.0027857646346092224,
0.0003425764152780175,
-0.14215858280658722,
0.013885491527616978,
-0.02835862524807453,
-0.01914266124367714,
-0.026440685614943504,
0.035067781805992126,
-0.02891789935529232,
-0.01773461140692234,
0.02317420206964016,
-0.007408469915390015,
0.005153173115104437,
0.02301250398159027,
0.03591443970799446,
0.004615318961441517,
-0.031018784269690514,
-2.9836519388481975e-7,
-0.017974911257624626,
-0.028832657262682915,
-0.011361937038600445,
0.03702208399772644,
-0.00661304360255599,
0.03363988921046257,
-0.130890354514122,
0.08294142037630081,
0.02752915397286415,
0.039179325103759766,
0.032982468605041504,
-0.013006957247853279,
0.049833495169878006,
-0.07523360848426819,
0.004375552758574486,
-0.29729941487312317,
-0.03297225758433342,
0.017478270456194878,
-0.03833945468068123,
0.09032920747995377,
-0.0075372657738626,
-0.01929229497909546,
-0.014444641768932343,
0.020849399268627167,
-0.01943824626505375,
0.005412314087152481,
0.02022380754351616,
-0.01894296146929264,
0.04109393432736397,
0.06339854001998901,
0.04913702607154846,
0.02739422582089901,
-0.05383508652448654,
0.01982952654361725,
0.06208812817931175,
0.004952788352966309,
-0.014926593750715256,
0.0306257177144289,
0.05487290769815445,
0.06875737756490707,
-0.021225489675998688,
0.11641918122768402,
0.017379261553287506,
0.003885870100930333,
-0.005500046536326408,
-0.045471154153347015,
0.032579123973846436,
-0.005087357014417648,
-0.038841161876916885,
0.02466074749827385,
-0.010697654448449612,
-0.03205310180783272,
-0.0030442930292338133,
-0.00041018007323145866,
-0.004851955454796553,
-0.009197507053613663,
-0.012844392098486423,
-0.036790214478969574,
-0.08655212819576263,
-0.0009945454075932503,
-0.030063915997743607,
-0.002590034157037735,
0.024993889033794403,
0.001684949267655611,
0.015439610928297043,
0.030241195112466812,
0.01920197904109955,
0.014656136743724346,
0.011221394874155521,
0.015831230208277702,
-0.021947043016552925,
-0.058574285358190536,
-0.0015617110766470432,
-0.017942091450095177,
-0.025820329785346985,
-0.035930268466472626,
-0.04254237189888954,
0.031644415110349655,
0.00904285628348589,
-0.010563901625573635,
0.016361655667424202,
-0.024121735244989395,
0.019164500758051872,
0.03033757396042347,
0.06272587925195694,
-0.006122639402747154,
0.04692806676030159,
-0.04276140779256821,
-0.00007546344568254426,
0.025910165160894394,
0.018265802413225174,
-0.07592957466840744,
-0.06011617183685303,
0.005380955524742603,
-0.037001192569732666,
0.05006216838955879,
-0.030428145080804825,
0.0693897157907486,
-0.005852860864251852,
-0.028578484430909157,
0.025463351979851723,
0.03727090731263161,
-0.050945255905389786,
0.0798303484916687,
0.02262779511511326,
-0.0018871023785322905,
0.004835672210901976,
0.003968281205743551,
-0.059016261249780655,
0.1122162938117981,
0.02807677537202835,
-0.2703939378261566,
-0.009341740049421787,
0.00005697990127373487,
-0.018028762191534042,
0.023332906886935234,
0.028657380491495132,
0.025099407881498337,
-0.033237334340810776,
0.009593609720468521,
0.015563051216304302,
0.004702422767877579,
0.03187353536486626,
0.022002000361680984,
-0.018971966579556465,
0.02639760822057724,
0.00836449209600687,
-0.0027388250455260277,
0.029370998963713646,
0.02740459516644478,
-0.052406784147024155,
-0.011740315705537796,
-0.05530465766787529,
0.13463710248470306,
0.0020614764653146267,
-0.052610304206609726,
-0.001637243782170117,
-0.026012051850557327,
-0.01867678575217724,
-0.011246024630963802,
0.051001790910959244,
0.011031774803996086,
0.02569177746772766,
0.11086827516555786,
-0.028884315863251686,
0.032889947295188904,
0.045284003019332886,
-0.02376824989914894,
-0.009188257157802582,
-0.010768115520477295,
-0.014198788441717625,
0.0014100940898060799,
-0.026046790182590485,
-0.07989774644374847,
-0.05988582223653793,
-0.010858884081244469,
-0.04860669746994972,
-0.018007948994636536,
-0.06556905061006546,
-0.015627624467015266,
-0.025082552805542946,
-0.014525645412504673,
-0.01175476610660553,
-0.028301823884248734,
0.027065133675932884,
0.04381219297647476,
0.013855506666004658,
-0.036897119134664536,
-0.028779111802577972,
-0.05707775056362152,
-0.020197195932269096,
0.07669002562761307,
0.010441534221172333,
-0.025431036949157715,
0.0630253329873085,
0.03881435841321945
] |
PMID:6499 | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding. | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were reviewed and discussed on the basis of currently available literature. Acute hemorrhagic gastritis occurs in from 50% to 70% of all patients taking aspirin, is not directly related to dose size, and can be severe enough to cause death in a few cases. No tolerance appears to ever develop. The mechanism that causes this bleeding is not definite, but the back diffusion of H+ ions accross the gastric barrier seems to bear primary responsibility, with physical erosion, prolonged platelet bleeding, and the effect of low pH values also being possible explanations. There appears to be less acid present in the stomach when bleeding occurs, but this is a masking effect of the aspirin that causes increased absorption of the H+ ions. Factors important in determining pharmaceutical formulation are method of administration, particle size of the aspirin, duration of contact between the drug and the mucosa, presence of buffers in the drug to raise the gastric pH, dissolution rate of the drug in the stomach, and ionization characteristics of the drug itself. Gastrointestinal blood loss caused by aspirin can be minimized by administering the drug in one of these forms:--a dilute solution of acetylsalicylate;--an intravenously injected solution;--a very rapidly dissolving and rapidly absorbed tablet;--a solution with sufficiently large amounts of antacid added;--a fine-grain, highly buffered aspirin tablet;--an enteric-coated tablet that does not dissolve in the stomach; or--an aspirin substitute such as acetaminophen. | Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin-induced gastritis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were reviewed and discussed on the basis of currently available literature. Acute hemorrhagic gastritis occurs in from 50% to 70% of all patients taking aspirin, is not directly related to dose size, and can be severe enough to cause death in a few cases. No tolerance appears to ever develop. The mechanism that causes this bleeding is not definite, but the back diffusion of H+ ions accross the gastric barrier seems to bear primary responsibility, with physical erosion, prolonged platelet bleeding, and the effect of low pH values also being possible explanations. There appears to be less acid present in the stomach when bleeding occurs, but this is a masking effect of the aspirin that causes increased absorption of the H+ ions. Factors important in determining pharmaceutical formulation are method of administration, particle size of the aspirin, duration of contact between the drug and the mucosa, presence of buffers in the drug to raise the gastric pH, dissolution rate of the drug in the stomach, and ionization characteristics of the drug itself. Gastrointestinal blood loss caused by aspirin can be minimized by administering the drug in one of these forms:--a dilute solution of acetylsalicylate;--an intravenously injected solution;--a very rapidly dissolving and rapidly absorbed tablet;--a solution with sufficiently large amounts of antacid added;--a fine-grain, highly buffered aspirin tablet;--an enteric-coated tablet that does not dissolve in the stomach; or--an aspirin substitute such as acetaminophen. | [
-0.057428643107414246,
-0.01373958308249712,
-0.05970971658825874,
0.05085282772779465,
0.02216457761824131,
-0.011278555728495121,
0.03250974044203758,
0.10921076685190201,
-0.04244629293680191,
-0.04348123073577881,
0.05711647495627403,
-0.04640878364443779,
0.009763134643435478,
0.06143035367131233,
-0.033459752798080444,
-0.01566520519554615,
0.04695696011185646,
-0.08014979213476181,
-0.10381824523210526,
-0.02657914161682129,
-0.039542585611343384,
-0.03154294565320015,
0.05690969154238701,
0.0033378449734300375,
-0.0067880358546972275,
0.06477779895067215,
0.024001967161893845,
-0.04870523512363434,
-0.03455366939306259,
-0.17137354612350464,
0.06575969606637955,
-0.030581200495362282,
0.018265021964907646,
-0.03240332379937172,
-0.03377198427915573,
0.012284536845982075,
-0.04901522770524025,
0.05738478899002075,
0.002107580192387104,
0.014757869765162468,
0.022171707823872566,
0.01626449078321457,
-0.009022827260196209,
0.028998499736189842,
-0.030641978606581688,
-0.05487765371799469,
-0.04117419570684433,
0.032235585153102875,
0.1553453952074051,
0.02711847610771656,
0.05155987665057182,
0.010261915624141693,
0.01825168915092945,
0.0105317747220397,
0.003533159149810672,
-0.07608059793710709,
-0.02235868200659752,
0.0009577658493071795,
0.010332689620554447,
0.002888523042201996,
0.02832174301147461,
0.026491312310099602,
-0.09466753154993057,
0.052185509353876114,
0.07474169135093689,
0.02703436277806759,
0.0002849933225661516,
0.0004631773626897484,
0.045585997402668,
0.09276346862316132,
-0.021721700206398964,
0.05073358118534088,
-0.05941640958189964,
0.08280254155397415,
-0.0008425748674198985,
-0.042585600167512894,
0.08896175026893616,
-0.003156082471832633,
-0.006179291754961014,
-0.0014238976873457432,
-0.005281117744743824,
0.006182454992085695,
-0.002535506384447217,
-0.004298829007893801,
-0.04226501286029816,
-0.10835020989179611,
0.040517233312129974,
0.013050977140665054,
-0.05736923962831497,
-0.05540280416607857,
0.00022411296959035099,
-0.0797761008143425,
-0.020323004573583603,
-0.026177093386650085,
-0.02244066260755062,
-0.014973543584346771,
-0.0027458351105451584,
-0.013928917236626148,
-0.024756906554102898,
0.3342241048812866,
-0.06901251524686813,
-0.011447344906628132,
-0.06303635239601135,
0.032290130853652954,
-0.01631430722773075,
0.048862162977457047,
0.06229148432612419,
0.00696496432647109,
-0.028302611783146858,
-0.012187076732516289,
0.045842453837394714,
0.059540554881095886,
0.017716066911816597,
-0.01021779514849186,
-0.023276425898075104,
0.031334176659584045,
0.023575814440846443,
-0.03619758412241936,
0.012352226302027702,
0.004551985301077366,
-0.00601057568565011,
0.04781847819685936,
-0.02367568202316761,
0.010824479162693024,
0.005827024113386869,
0.0229807011783123,
-0.04916612058877945,
0.04907696694135666,
-0.02144794538617134,
-0.03952118381857872,
0.009307376109063625,
-0.03830750659108162,
-0.03787248209118843,
0.04022453352808952,
-0.017685215920209885,
-0.03541010245680809,
0.00321266520768404,
0.02969829924404621,
0.05676973611116409,
0.00238033733330667,
-0.03332747891545296,
-0.04505756497383118,
-0.04720386117696762,
-0.03918927535414696,
-0.05352611467242241,
0.10664981603622437,
0.01848430372774601,
-0.004225430078804493,
-0.04536726325750351,
-0.06315712630748749,
-0.0018772020703181624,
-0.03406788036227226,
0.01784098707139492,
0.12787814438343048,
-0.03139255940914154,
0.05978673696517944,
-0.024275293573737144,
-0.009725133888423443,
-0.04752044752240181,
-0.01599256694316864,
0.050463512539863586,
-0.028650619089603424,
-0.068509541451931,
0.06748396158218384,
-0.024714240804314613,
0.008967363275587559,
0.0013980998191982508,
-0.03612014278769493,
0.016907282173633575,
0.049375876784324646,
-0.03822917118668556,
0.010025993920862675,
-0.0183404553681612,
-0.04973225295543671,
0.03439011052250862,
0.03800305351614952,
-0.007746619638055563,
-0.025536730885505676,
0.07721363753080368,
-0.05554461106657982,
0.08991047739982605,
0.06866973638534546,
0.0486297607421875,
0.004429852589964867,
0.032345980405807495,
-0.04050163924694061,
-0.07890261709690094,
0.017194459214806557,
0.01724817231297493,
0.018217841163277626,
-0.06059844046831131,
0.0034597991034388542,
-0.06517297774553299,
-0.0131985479965806,
-0.018671473488211632,
0.009274112991988659,
0.009392719715833664,
-0.05179693549871445,
-0.06636577844619751,
0.005337038543075323,
0.057283226400613785,
0.021952122449874878,
0.015203158371150494,
0.08561300486326218,
0.045096877962350845,
0.006878566462546587,
0.021151481196284294,
-0.011448018252849579,
-0.056980304419994354,
-0.02802049182355404,
0.06634767353534698,
0.07847356051206589,
-0.02551344782114029,
0.056578684598207474,
-0.04302790015935898,
-0.024161914363503456,
-0.03335866332054138,
0.033299174159765244,
0.04056790471076965,
0.031086532399058342,
0.0324571467936039,
-0.04761232063174248,
0.01355127152055502,
-0.28732535243034363,
-0.012767299078404903,
0.024669179692864418,
-0.010084087029099464,
0.06605486571788788,
-0.03651795908808708,
-0.01902071200311184,
-0.012876331806182861,
-0.009849527850747108,
-0.008237727917730808,
0.05299830064177513,
0.048522863537073135,
-0.004046279471367598,
-0.08663935959339142,
0.012634373269975185,
0.042291417717933655,
0.030277106910943985,
0.02232314646244049,
0.022270141169428825,
-0.03850773721933365,
-0.0034052450209856033,
-0.04668361693620682,
-0.02649100124835968,
0.021266313269734383,
-0.02607155404984951,
0.019974809139966965,
0.11819189041852951,
0.0009437664411962032,
-0.049061499536037445,
-0.07812568545341492,
0.033291757106781006,
0.04250865802168846,
-0.00001344035172223812,
-0.09185133874416351,
0.02906494401395321,
-0.034164078533649445,
0.057174161076545715,
-0.020080892369151115,
-0.046128369867801666,
-0.02106809802353382,
-0.042092643678188324,
-0.015897205099463463,
0.006754586007446051,
0.015147496946156025,
-0.0016478672623634338,
-0.014370523393154144,
-0.03780874237418175,
0.040806856006383896,
0.010679432190954685,
0.0313035324215889,
0.01553430501371622,
-0.01951322890818119,
-0.03888814523816109,
0.05433177575469017,
0.0659075602889061,
-0.041084397584199905,
0.010280253365635872,
0.06242712214589119,
-0.07956858724355698,
-0.058687079697847366,
-0.005952830426394939,
-0.02353852242231369,
0.07066172361373901,
-0.019855525344610214,
0.03399381414055824,
0.023318057879805565,
0.0166090689599514,
0.014800364151597023,
0.03623749315738678,
0.05058060586452484,
0.03228335827589035,
0.15199129283428192,
-0.06959506869316101,
-0.007012534886598587,
0.06530924886465073,
0.08701053261756897,
-0.025670398026704788,
-0.0322902537882328,
-0.04550563544034958,
0.0042151096276938915,
0.014231105335056782,
-0.020479153841733932,
0.03923266381025314,
-0.03644324466586113,
-0.020894326269626617,
0.02020113356411457,
-0.08590153604745865,
-0.014872560277581215,
0.021180009469389915,
-0.019110018387436867,
-0.0020837285555899143,
-0.024592677131295204,
-0.025712663307785988,
-0.021703986451029778,
0.024770984426140785,
0.02156795747578144,
-0.2640484571456909,
-0.005879221484065056,
0.05073469132184982,
0.02223263494670391,
-0.02306414768099785,
0.004992686212062836,
0.008281500078737736,
-0.030436178669333458,
-0.005285445135086775,
-0.01027055736631155,
-0.03106345608830452,
-0.01304006576538086,
0.08543519675731659,
0.009775933809578419,
-0.02479584701359272,
-0.0038763368502259254,
0.0609719455242157,
-0.019154012203216553,
0.0008297591120935977,
0.02899104729294777,
0.004074844531714916,
-0.03838445618748665,
0.11110284924507141,
-0.03216265141963959,
-0.0467965267598629,
0.03240972384810448,
-0.001142488676123321,
0.05570705980062485,
0.005687943194061518,
0.04544515907764435,
-0.01336749829351902,
0.02726437896490097,
0.07878373563289642,
0.0273758415132761,
0.0734688863158226,
0.034428469836711884,
-0.009084883145987988,
-0.013788854703307152,
0.008494826033711433,
-0.006178871262818575,
0.021685250103473663,
-0.06647130101919174,
0.001186855137348175,
-0.015340558253228664,
0.0613163523375988,
-0.07327273488044739,
-0.038827233016490936,
-0.09876362234354019,
-0.01037501823157072,
0.0017300803447142243,
0.003661647904664278,
-0.05208997428417206,
0.08609704673290253,
0.005135894753038883,
0.004288536496460438,
-0.004683823324739933,
0.0013302210718393326,
-0.017393605783581734,
0.0039992425590753555,
-0.010086501017212868,
0.05266367644071579,
-0.026933584362268448,
-0.04191535338759422,
0.014071446843445301,
0.02168833464384079
] |
PMID:6504 | Urologic sepsis/shock. | At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center during the six-year period 1968-1973, there were 1236 cases of sepsis from Gram-negative pathogens; 124 of these originated in the urinary tract. Of these 124 patients, 19 died-a mortality rate of 15.3 percent. There were 205 deaths among the 1236 patients with sepsis from Gramnegative organisms-a mortality rate of 16.6 percent. Previously, in the 1959-1964 and 1965-19067 periods, the mortality rates had been 56.3 percent and 19.6 percent respectively. The lowered mortality rate during 1968-1973 for urologic sepsis/shock was associated with improved management procedures: a) preventive measures such as postponement of urologic instrumentation and surgical intervention in patients infected with drug-resistant urea splitters, until the infection is under control, with emergency surgical patients being treated by susceptibility-tested drugs to control possible postoperative complications; b) early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and immediate administration of bactericidal antibiotics parenterally; c) immediate restoration of fluid/electrolyte balance, with monitoring of renal and pulmonary functions and metabolic acidosis; and d) early administration of large pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids, with monitoring of the microcirculation and use of beta-adrenergic isoproterenol. | Urologic sepsis/shock. At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center during the six-year period 1968-1973, there were 1236 cases of sepsis from Gram-negative pathogens; 124 of these originated in the urinary tract. Of these 124 patients, 19 died-a mortality rate of 15.3 percent. There were 205 deaths among the 1236 patients with sepsis from Gramnegative organisms-a mortality rate of 16.6 percent. Previously, in the 1959-1964 and 1965-19067 periods, the mortality rates had been 56.3 percent and 19.6 percent respectively. The lowered mortality rate during 1968-1973 for urologic sepsis/shock was associated with improved management procedures: a) preventive measures such as postponement of urologic instrumentation and surgical intervention in patients infected with drug-resistant urea splitters, until the infection is under control, with emergency surgical patients being treated by susceptibility-tested drugs to control possible postoperative complications; b) early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis and immediate administration of bactericidal antibiotics parenterally; c) immediate restoration of fluid/electrolyte balance, with monitoring of renal and pulmonary functions and metabolic acidosis; and d) early administration of large pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids, with monitoring of the microcirculation and use of beta-adrenergic isoproterenol. | [
-0.044770028442144394,
-0.021132515743374825,
0.01769401691854,
-0.001407485455274582,
-0.010000177659094334,
0.0318961963057518,
0.055494386702775955,
0.07997547835111618,
-0.010680900886654854,
0.010937230661511421,
-0.01571527309715748,
0.02469957433640957,
0.024120334535837173,
0.02647569589316845,
-0.09806983172893524,
-0.014635290950536728,
-0.0030493394006043673,
-0.033495958894491196,
-0.06933985650539398,
-0.015726761892437935,
0.025677308440208435,
0.017808901146054268,
-0.006677692756056786,
-0.015315716154873371,
0.019387461245059967,
-0.03866555541753769,
-0.009136543609201908,
0.02080542966723442,
-0.07037991285324097,
-0.13381806015968323,
-0.013405757956206799,
-0.043107304722070694,
0.07127447426319122,
-0.01686665415763855,
0.0072296494618058205,
-0.0020054366905242205,
-0.053570255637168884,
-0.009006934240460396,
0.0031791983637958765,
0.0290024783462286,
-0.004637677222490311,
0.03532307222485542,
0.03721458464860916,
0.044925957918167114,
0.00012364587746560574,
-0.05223904177546501,
0.014844221994280815,
0.022341854870319366,
0.16723625361919403,
0.008102833293378353,
0.01769265905022621,
-0.01009694579988718,
0.017042675986886024,
0.08560092002153397,
0.010922345332801342,
-0.14966893196105957,
0.0459444597363472,
0.012967484071850777,
0.014507255516946316,
0.018639888614416122,
0.0056559196673333645,
-0.0006868002819828689,
-0.1538209617137909,
0.023579757660627365,
-0.0357123427093029,
-0.07379176467657089,
-0.005748503841459751,
-0.036492932587862015,
0.05263453349471092,
0.007735822349786758,
-0.04950641468167305,
0.03665665537118912,
-0.003443304914981127,
0.01719849929213524,
-0.06822844594717026,
-0.01268280390650034,
0.05893051624298096,
-0.006844071205705404,
0.06038931384682655,
-0.010783612728118896,
0.04596667364239693,
0.04866631701588631,
0.01924160122871399,
-0.039788518100976944,
-0.03855709731578827,
-0.12218258529901505,
0.017076533287763596,
-0.021440869197249413,
-0.011938117444515228,
-0.0008637705468572676,
0.019137319177389145,
0.02007339522242546,
-0.0023432772140949965,
0.004865067545324564,
-0.033327724784612656,
-0.05251702666282654,
-0.04677778482437134,
0.030261561274528503,
0.008370967581868172,
0.3442036211490631,
-0.0034083223436027765,
-0.0401257649064064,
0.015778202563524246,
0.007207330781966448,
0.052342433482408524,
0.04899068921804428,
0.05855337902903557,
-0.007417223881930113,
0.00035747818765230477,
0.04612138494849205,
0.01625727489590645,
0.015588422305881977,
0.00561983697116375,
0.020153570920228958,
-0.009732001461088657,
0.03436654433608055,
0.06923000514507294,
0.02041027508676052,
0.028474465012550354,
0.02800883911550045,
0.02888074330985546,
-0.059750888496637344,
0.02220836654305458,
-0.06845872104167938,
0.04139644652605057,
0.015346141532063484,
0.04692146182060242,
0.09737405925989151,
0.022466661408543587,
-0.0028270490001887083,
0.08294934779405594,
0.0027172539848834276,
-0.04615750536322594,
-0.003877465846017003,
-0.0013576337369158864,
-0.015307025983929634,
0.08686342090368271,
-0.05760064348578453,
-0.0018604131182655692,
-0.03374120965600014,
-0.06767318397760391,
-0.030827004462480545,
-0.061566129326820374,
-0.047875285148620605,
-0.05798802152276039,
0.0885765478014946,
-0.04708753898739815,
0.02229357697069645,
-0.05899954214692116,
-0.02694554813206196,
-0.004148137755692005,
0.04429769515991211,
-0.055779989808797836,
-0.03207831829786301,
-0.03388260677456856,
-0.0019332629162818193,
0.0512356236577034,
0.025898393243551254,
0.01667863503098488,
-0.015788931399583817,
-0.03495889529585838,
-0.029453912749886513,
-0.02849620021879673,
0.10721742361783981,
-0.0013094283640384674,
0.012255844660103321,
-0.03456563502550125,
0.0017258853185921907,
0.01105973869562149,
0.051606435328722,
0.05156974494457245,
0.04702379181981087,
0.06766025722026825,
-0.012167215347290039,
-0.04083334282040596,
0.00566104706376791,
-0.009640832431614399,
-0.045947909355163574,
0.03292328491806984,
-0.04776734486222267,
0.02368014305830002,
0.002903902670368552,
-0.0013938426272943616,
0.07057654112577438,
-0.020305272191762924,
0.02148655615746975,
-0.03926142305135727,
0.05759211629629135,
0.05217331647872925,
0.08157547563314438,
0.002815482672303915,
-0.020960675552487373,
-0.04816371202468872,
0.04303351417183876,
0.049406565725803375,
0.02445007860660553,
-0.08720693737268448,
0.025210753083229065,
-0.009000863879919052,
0.021240422502160072,
0.05702957883477211,
-0.07962364703416824,
0.006444162223488092,
-0.045437637716531754,
-0.023270383477211,
-0.006960139609873295,
0.015503768809139729,
0.03970327973365784,
-0.03452325612306595,
-0.004515086300671101,
-0.0728302150964737,
0.003953845240175724,
0.01936429738998413,
-0.02024601772427559,
-0.02704201638698578,
0.04807709529995918,
-0.05590831860899925,
0.014534144662320614,
0.030173271894454956,
0.020318856462836266,
0.03940023481845856,
0.020072830840945244,
-0.030851414427161217,
-0.326118141412735,
0.0005121821886859834,
-0.009821604005992413,
-0.05158768594264984,
0.05588589236140251,
-0.021459022536873817,
-0.031020188704133034,
-0.05732429772615433,
-0.056413326412439346,
0.06401093304157257,
0.057561419904232025,
0.08050447702407837,
-0.0406283363699913,
0.009341283701360226,
-0.005572576075792313,
0.039080023765563965,
0.03242594003677368,
-0.0658765584230423,
-0.021081022918224335,
0.010114123113453388,
0.05992593616247177,
-0.02455323375761509,
-0.007742590270936489,
0.0398024283349514,
0.016476189717650414,
-0.014040268957614899,
0.08005765825510025,
-0.003363807685673237,
0.01668284647166729,
-0.03869294747710228,
0.0003095153078902513,
0.008468976244330406,
-0.019479475915431976,
-0.06777895987033844,
0.024679334834218025,
0.01718163676559925,
0.0072729317471385,
-0.047960709780454636,
-0.026627279818058014,
0.0050280834548175335,
-0.08330243825912476,
0.0313136950135231,
0.028084976598620415,
-0.028206493705511093,
-0.028236886486411095,
0.011165698990225792,
-0.006291999947279692,
0.046492092311382294,
0.0014643975300714374,
0.01673181541264057,
-0.012047740630805492,
-0.04384307190775871,
0.013844462111592293,
0.02917146123945713,
-0.008184692822396755,
0.0064198533073067665,
-0.0407666452229023,
-0.021059492602944374,
-0.060893889516592026,
-0.025262828916311264,
0.007950397208333015,
-0.029570508748292923,
0.10779854655265808,
0.011599439196288586,
-0.00529924500733614,
-0.02900710515677929,
-0.016205666586756706,
0.01835070177912712,
0.057141873985528946,
0.04371654614806175,
-0.08521102368831635,
0.06512805819511414,
-0.025679051876068115,
-0.02205701731145382,
0.01661851815879345,
0.022024309262633324,
-0.02697487734258175,
-0.09901444613933563,
-0.06197350472211838,
-0.017512308433651924,
0.019387666136026382,
-0.06837854534387589,
0.015204164199531078,
-0.013544493354856968,
0.010189891792833805,
-0.0003321419353596866,
-0.030095191672444344,
0.044235870242118835,
-0.011171545833349228,
-0.03321898728609085,
-0.03258765861392021,
-0.053458455950021744,
-0.02127046138048172,
0.05375906825065613,
-0.0074963015504181385,
-0.003109653713181615,
-0.24607282876968384,
0.0371878519654274,
0.001378356828354299,
-0.019364846870303154,
-0.02258550003170967,
-0.00291246990673244,
-0.008714187890291214,
-0.023923421278595924,
0.04173626750707626,
0.045533210039138794,
0.1430206596851349,
-0.004186732228845358,
0.044132258743047714,
0.01794975996017456,
0.013190205208957195,
0.0345463827252388,
-0.00014476965588983148,
-0.021281547844409943,
0.05713508650660515,
0.05827879160642624,
0.01563444174826145,
-0.048905253410339355,
0.08947712928056717,
-0.05901724472641945,
-0.019370781257748604,
0.050485167652368546,
0.021158292889595032,
0.09193446487188339,
-0.008090721443295479,
0.020858554169535637,
-0.0025498117320239544,
-0.03428129479289055,
0.09743805229663849,
0.00769834453240037,
0.030051495879888535,
0.0020810174755752087,
0.039437051862478256,
0.031517915427684784,
-0.005616957321763039,
0.047878701239824295,
-0.09176626801490784,
0.00608045095577836,
0.031566258519887924,
-0.034724269062280655,
0.08298692852258682,
-0.01920633763074875,
-0.0004714529204647988,
-0.10411785542964935,
-0.02646714262664318,
-0.01978231780230999,
0.07103270292282104,
0.044166114181280136,
0.041464220732450485,
0.011446220800280571,
0.005946783814579248,
-0.013373288325965405,
-0.013583462685346603,
-0.05178327113389969,
-0.03056567721068859,
-0.06480734795331955,
-0.02015603892505169,
-0.03434976935386658,
-0.03865356743335724,
0.04664197191596031,
0.004161220975220203
] |
PMID:6505 | [Study of fetal heart rate in deliveries complicated by fetal acidosis]. | A study has been carried out on the parameters of the graph of the fetal heart rate (the basal rate and dips) in 44 cases of acute fetal distress with a pH lower than 7.2 in the blood and in 30 normal deliveries. The statistical analysis confirms that there is a significant rise in the number of heart rate abnormalities such as persistent bradycardia or persistent tachycardia and with dips during deliveries with fetal acidosis. The frequency of these abnormalities increases with the degree of acidosis. Sometimes the abnormalities in the fetal heart rate precede the appearance of the acidosis. All the same the discovery of these abnormalities does not by itself make a precise diagnosis of fetal distress because we do find these abnormalities in a certain number of cases even in normal deliveries. Only measuring fetal pH at a definite time can establish the diagnosis of fetal distress and the severity of the condition. | [Study of fetal heart rate in deliveries complicated by fetal acidosis]. A study has been carried out on the parameters of the graph of the fetal heart rate (the basal rate and dips) in 44 cases of acute fetal distress with a pH lower than 7.2 in the blood and in 30 normal deliveries. The statistical analysis confirms that there is a significant rise in the number of heart rate abnormalities such as persistent bradycardia or persistent tachycardia and with dips during deliveries with fetal acidosis. The frequency of these abnormalities increases with the degree of acidosis. Sometimes the abnormalities in the fetal heart rate precede the appearance of the acidosis. All the same the discovery of these abnormalities does not by itself make a precise diagnosis of fetal distress because we do find these abnormalities in a certain number of cases even in normal deliveries. Only measuring fetal pH at a definite time can establish the diagnosis of fetal distress and the severity of the condition. | [
-0.0117245614528656,
0.051734697073698044,
-0.012523924931883812,
0.1087009608745575,
-0.008028228767216206,
0.005193312186747789,
0.06848353892564774,
0.03124350495636463,
0.012228104285895824,
-0.0300627201795578,
-0.03138035908341408,
-0.07170988619327545,
-0.007632493041455746,
0.05929478630423546,
-0.06239904835820198,
0.015259708277881145,
0.05298253521323204,
-0.033516574651002884,
-0.06509344279766083,
0.028525348752737045,
0.02315426617860794,
0.08835610002279282,
0.028624631464481354,
-0.06151020526885986,
0.010069173760712147,
0.03615610674023628,
0.024218961596488953,
-0.02077578939497471,
-0.04810967296361923,
-0.13069848716259003,
0.008480280637741089,
-0.012821909971535206,
0.0789937973022461,
0.0326574482023716,
0.0013667427701875567,
-0.01096554659307003,
0.0005111788050271571,
0.09122633934020996,
-0.017011620104312897,
0.07738812267780304,
-0.02791636437177658,
-0.021412523463368416,
0.01997963897883892,
-0.021254580467939377,
0.0008437555516138673,
-0.013387597166001797,
-0.019497863948345184,
0.005215619690716267,
0.09633444249629974,
0.022800911217927933,
-0.01975482888519764,
0.015828827396035194,
0.08242373168468475,
0.0263129323720932,
-0.046442896127700806,
-0.07012137025594711,
0.07716090232133865,
-0.013365925289690495,
0.038288217037916183,
0.030628906562924385,
0.03762608394026756,
0.02075933665037155,
-0.10994367301464081,
0.019792571663856506,
0.03208952397108078,
-0.015837617218494415,
-0.05065217241644859,
-0.05818823352456093,
0.02590283937752247,
0.0615265816450119,
-0.027443410828709602,
0.0641307383775711,
0.06336481869220734,
0.05127141624689102,
0.010832251980900764,
-0.03311441093683243,
0.010162201710045338,
-0.061599817126989365,
-0.006659307051450014,
-0.0492684505879879,
-0.06040824204683304,
-0.03511424362659454,
-0.05169151723384857,
-0.017149854451417923,
0.039852771908044815,
-0.03127041086554527,
0.04611416533589363,
-0.0234475489705801,
-0.031134003773331642,
0.02009885013103485,
-0.00848204456269741,
-0.08615125715732574,
-0.04485371708869934,
0.0712999701499939,
-0.07439137995243073,
0.015840470790863037,
-0.003616981441155076,
0.03042386844754219,
-0.03596667945384979,
0.40885958075523376,
-0.07205578684806824,
0.01601567678153515,
0.0023058420047163963,
-0.011749819852411747,
-0.03183802589774132,
-0.006288774777203798,
-0.022755460813641548,
-0.010614256374537945,
-0.07468675076961517,
0.018578145653009415,
-0.02882164716720581,
0.000868314818944782,
0.04179352894425392,
-0.05580110847949982,
-0.0641930028796196,
0.02083401009440422,
0.04585980251431465,
0.029359925538301468,
0.07458007335662842,
0.039833009243011475,
-0.022272979840636253,
0.013850882649421692,
0.05490260571241379,
-0.07465711236000061,
0.07042170315980911,
0.019937530159950256,
-0.010965300723910332,
0.06026728078722954,
0.05134052038192749,
0.0006071612588129938,
0.034681666642427444,
0.008899958804249763,
-0.07046932727098465,
0.012165012769401073,
0.011060167104005814,
-0.03852241486310959,
-0.0023682471364736557,
0.023901332169771194,
-0.02411000430583954,
0.03139640390872955,
-0.06967433542013168,
-0.05441274493932724,
-0.014542973600327969,
-0.043131023645401,
-0.08838604390621185,
0.06470199674367905,
-0.03344401717185974,
0.03151606768369675,
-0.05834995582699776,
-0.006897519342601299,
-0.07067955285310745,
0.039107151329517365,
0.001229523099027574,
-0.003987459931522608,
-0.003327764803543687,
-0.020632408559322357,
-0.052057430148124695,
0.08903409540653229,
0.002686933847144246,
-0.024837760254740715,
0.04029190540313721,
-0.04801062494516373,
-0.0006816144450567663,
0.09207797795534134,
0.011135290376842022,
0.04618025943636894,
-0.02725348249077797,
-0.02956860139966011,
-0.04398318752646446,
-0.010964996181428432,
0.021532608196139336,
-0.05407046154141426,
0.022171461954712868,
-0.055466342717409134,
0.013703390024602413,
-0.01938684470951557,
-0.0033280050847679377,
0.043813981115818024,
0.015039856545627117,
-0.05142632871866226,
0.07552149146795273,
0.025955351069569588,
0.0030447382014244795,
0.005600301548838615,
0.030150020495057106,
-0.06830206513404846,
-0.0329461544752121,
-0.023442141711711884,
0.048507653176784515,
-0.022728774696588516,
-0.01892082951962948,
-0.07167301326990128,
-0.04196082428097725,
-0.011562291532754898,
0.0006317829829640687,
-0.044289909303188324,
-0.01274554617702961,
-0.01789756864309311,
-0.013326798565685749,
0.011781121604144573,
0.09078119695186615,
-0.0504189096391201,
0.007095776963979006,
0.061399247497320175,
0.03903456777334213,
0.016611294820904732,
0.02666742354631424,
0.029174579307436943,
0.0018203044310212135,
0.00013311131624504924,
0.022162316367030144,
0.04526034742593765,
-0.04026065394282341,
0.014131169766187668,
-0.04891861602663994,
0.0466451495885849,
0.032561592757701874,
0.015399379655718803,
-0.024570269510149956,
0.043473463505506516,
0.07570721954107285,
-0.03663386031985283,
0.01980159804224968,
-0.2908637225627899,
-0.024347053840756416,
0.03937738761305809,
-0.03403617814183235,
0.05211973562836647,
-0.035420484840869904,
-0.02316216379404068,
0.005437537562102079,
0.027496332302689552,
0.011242340318858624,
0.009422590024769306,
0.054712433367967606,
-0.06922201067209244,
0.012788296677172184,
-0.0004117978969588876,
0.005689764861017466,
0.011516180820763111,
-0.07097043842077255,
0.029646011069417,
0.05246023088693619,
0.0012722485698759556,
0.01908828131854534,
-0.020857632160186768,
-0.011598999612033367,
0.09361890703439713,
0.008610247634351254,
0.12196832150220871,
-0.056200046092271805,
0.01177456509321928,
-0.07518697530031204,
-0.03550611436367035,
-0.012887095101177692,
0.019024213775992393,
-0.03429826721549034,
0.01934564672410488,
0.01839621365070343,
0.02626652643084526,
0.028269872069358826,
-0.01557026244699955,
-0.02988339029252529,
-0.1034168154001236,
-0.039120931178331375,
-0.048380929976701736,
0.010812327265739441,
-0.05248371511697769,
0.008312031626701355,
0.009815447963774204,
-0.028627851977944374,
0.0006095116259530187,
-0.018286338075995445,
0.028409697115421295,
-0.021977854892611504,
-0.010645576752722263,
-0.04100596904754639,
0.07886341959238052,
-0.062241971492767334,
-0.026484254747629166,
-0.010291614569723606,
-0.0754527598619461,
-0.07418689131736755,
-0.037249717861413956,
0.0035607663448899984,
0.020612923428416252,
-0.02418040856719017,
-0.02024386264383793,
0.028964154422283173,
0.00902062188833952,
0.05055316165089607,
0.004928151611238718,
-0.006129024084657431,
0.003232760587707162,
0.1180599108338356,
-0.01787949912250042,
-0.04744236171245575,
0.031050067394971848,
-0.06134551763534546,
-0.015242802910506725,
-0.0015982489567250013,
-0.04465646296739578,
-0.011335578747093678,
0.016506701707839966,
-0.05708031728863716,
0.030924277380108833,
0.02658352442085743,
-0.020486602559685707,
0.004483354743570089,
-0.014691206626594067,
0.011194013990461826,
-0.030434174463152885,
-0.02238035574555397,
0.007147639989852905,
0.017092520371079445,
-0.010426049120724201,
-0.00008801349758869037,
0.018550416454672813,
0.032858915627002716,
-0.2561343312263489,
-0.00978880189359188,
-0.04106222465634346,
-0.0077581810764968395,
-0.005150241311639547,
-0.037145789712667465,
-0.008781738579273224,
0.01450334582477808,
0.017690010368824005,
0.024369418621063232,
-0.01647629775106907,
-0.01047942228615284,
0.06717698276042938,
0.02254224382340908,
0.015086695551872253,
0.06018777936697006,
0.019744031131267548,
-0.03104744292795658,
-0.01881183683872223,
-0.04164308309555054,
0.06703850626945496,
-0.031224898993968964,
0.14946749806404114,
0.03615812212228775,
-0.022913727909326553,
0.03673405572772026,
0.01469291653484106,
0.04898429661989212,
-0.021387621760368347,
0.013351417146623135,
-0.024290993809700012,
0.03102521039545536,
0.017487650737166405,
0.026831550523638725,
0.021707527339458466,
-0.0011761441128328443,
-0.019446559250354767,
0.04319091886281967,
-0.002117234980687499,
-0.0039232769049704075,
0.07276149839162827,
-0.022861024364829063,
-0.03713493049144745,
-0.08561679720878601,
0.06868680566549301,
-0.01630919799208641,
-0.05389339476823807,
-0.011814259923994541,
0.05042359605431557,
0.036352671682834625,
-0.005211471114307642,
-0.05213361978530884,
0.05881502851843834,
-0.00413682172074914,
0.037326302379369736,
0.046715449541807175,
-0.021628327667713165,
-0.050010278820991516,
0.020070480182766914,
0.001515503623522818,
-0.011413929983973503,
-0.003697405569255352,
0.016452770680189133,
0.09509476274251938,
0.05004485324025154
] |
PMID:6591 | The cleaning and disinfection by heat of bedpans in automatic and semi-automatic machines. | This work is concerned with the cleaning and disinfection by heat of stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans, which had been soiled with either a biological contaminant, human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with technetium-99m 99m(Tc), or a bacteriological contaminant, streptococcus faecalis mixed with Tc-labelled HSA. Results of cleaning and disinfection achieved with a Test Machine and those achieved by procedures adopted in eight different wards of a general hospital are reported. Bedpan washers installed in wards were found to be less efficient than the Test Machine, at least partly because of inadequate maintenance. Stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans gave essentially the same results. | The cleaning and disinfection by heat of bedpans in automatic and semi-automatic machines. This work is concerned with the cleaning and disinfection by heat of stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans, which had been soiled with either a biological contaminant, human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with technetium-99m 99m(Tc), or a bacteriological contaminant, streptococcus faecalis mixed with Tc-labelled HSA. Results of cleaning and disinfection achieved with a Test Machine and those achieved by procedures adopted in eight different wards of a general hospital are reported. Bedpan washers installed in wards were found to be less efficient than the Test Machine, at least partly because of inadequate maintenance. Stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans gave essentially the same results. | [
-0.013565180823206902,
0.037229280918836594,
0.03811587765812874,
-0.013817393220961094,
0.1196381151676178,
-0.06470661610364914,
0.05889515206217766,
0.04739154130220413,
-0.05145583674311638,
-0.028977613896131516,
-0.05355008319020271,
-0.04932740703225136,
0.003970098216086626,
0.046512406319379807,
-0.019365372136235237,
-0.003219391917809844,
-0.0026240500155836344,
-0.017524929717183113,
0.013384176418185234,
0.049751851707696915,
0.04149296507239342,
0.021869968622922897,
-0.04566066339612007,
-0.04787887632846832,
0.04580609127879143,
0.0004772949905600399,
-0.0035302662290632725,
0.0011738012544810772,
-0.02220459096133709,
-0.16081129014492035,
-0.009770615957677364,
0.009172811172902584,
-0.019758574664592743,
-0.02053297869861126,
-0.007484484929591417,
-0.013817761093378067,
-0.02571292221546173,
-0.036850664764642715,
0.020702626556158066,
-0.02657671459019184,
0.029664892703294754,
0.007052114233374596,
-0.014255083166062832,
-0.035492703318595886,
0.03877342492341995,
0.03546074405312538,
0.03548678010702133,
0.005093017593026161,
0.11972951889038086,
0.030961986631155014,
0.048479821532964706,
-0.0071775345131754875,
-0.027595199644565582,
0.04447636380791664,
0.03448424115777016,
-0.053923267871141434,
0.03468436747789383,
0.0024804205168038607,
-0.005504165776073933,
0.018009502440690994,
0.03310573101043701,
0.025851774960756302,
-0.13178014755249023,
0.08141500502824783,
0.020408200100064278,
-0.01917176879942417,
-0.015370533801615238,
-0.0588824525475502,
0.05638865754008293,
0.010677135549485683,
-0.017515117302536964,
0.04916471615433693,
0.025499604642391205,
0.05757991597056389,
-0.01287633366882801,
0.000380964222131297,
-0.009055355563759804,
-0.03128959238529205,
-0.03279714658856392,
0.018799085170030594,
-0.035886939615011215,
0.043169353157281876,
-0.004794007167220116,
-0.03723538666963577,
-0.042337566614151,
-0.027560262009501457,
-0.04771333932876587,
0.004936107899993658,
0.06014057248830795,
0.005079525522887707,
-0.02942843921482563,
-0.0033739828504621983,
0.030754895880818367,
0.012229178100824356,
0.033847399055957794,
-0.011117527261376381,
0.012724475003778934,
0.06352388858795166,
0.04014337435364723,
0.40894705057144165,
-0.02471247874200344,
-0.030534297227859497,
0.013515442609786987,
-0.0607827790081501,
0.04555186256766319,
0.011084877885878086,
0.03912327438592911,
-0.007536036893725395,
-0.022391268983483315,
0.036989688873291016,
0.03005460649728775,
0.05108794942498207,
-0.010436448268592358,
-0.03919346630573273,
0.06618869304656982,
-0.01731673628091812,
0.05565500259399414,
0.01775122620165348,
-0.02871149405837059,
0.004795832093805075,
-0.006736466195434332,
-0.013544992543756962,
0.04302339255809784,
-0.0016936437459662557,
-0.008398562669754028,
0.005231787450611591,
0.019823342561721802,
0.10566762089729309,
0.0008083883440122008,
0.01937243714928627,
-0.02057448960840702,
-0.04648246616125107,
0.03458147868514061,
0.03126413747668266,
0.04603513330221176,
0.01072203554213047,
-0.0038883835077285767,
0.0068274433724582195,
0.011972224339842796,
-0.017459239810705185,
-0.029749810695648193,
-0.05812299996614456,
-0.04680270329117775,
-0.10834366083145142,
-0.020855439826846123,
0.03022407367825508,
-0.04835905507206917,
0.017865460366010666,
-0.014936852268874645,
-0.050161801278591156,
0.03968657925724983,
0.06829620152711868,
0.008544542826712132,
-0.0188036747276783,
0.05454633757472038,
0.019192807376384735,
0.02968083880841732,
-0.015128987841308117,
0.03807772696018219,
-0.031450603157281876,
0.0033473961520940065,
0.011950094252824783,
-0.05751068890094757,
0.04524354636669159,
0.014184095896780491,
-0.05632469803094864,
-0.01352102030068636,
-0.018353020772337914,
-0.016038620844483376,
0.021679818630218506,
0.015290327370166779,
0.0439433827996254,
-0.06538552045822144,
-0.041108932346105576,
-0.055455923080444336,
0.04350724071264267,
0.03561129793524742,
-0.005257284734398127,
0.022523820400238037,
0.027873095124959946,
-0.05086458846926689,
-0.004781150259077549,
-0.048258282244205475,
0.04382184520363808,
0.07612423598766327,
-0.0020551870111376047,
-0.04335833340883255,
0.02526918612420559,
0.013474779203534126,
0.038630980998277664,
-0.029677212238311768,
-0.017383676022291183,
-0.047443687915802,
0.03151761367917061,
0.027658941224217415,
-0.006201955024152994,
-0.0611068457365036,
0.0085859140381217,
0.000014628157259721775,
-0.01517257560044527,
0.031151052564382553,
-0.0008236700668931007,
-0.01103616040199995,
0.023176230490207672,
0.03509954735636711,
0.04295729845762253,
-0.03546251356601715,
-0.03288475424051285,
0.038143884390592575,
0.0480390265583992,
-0.026139013469219208,
0.032919686287641525,
-0.004438495729118586,
-0.025559483096003532,
0.015514901839196682,
0.0038402839563786983,
0.03759262338280678,
0.026607461273670197,
0.059280943125486374,
0.0039513008669018745,
0.08995482325553894,
-0.000029182847356423736,
-0.06171344593167305,
-0.3382706046104431,
0.009274962358176708,
-0.02425316721200943,
0.004768900107592344,
0.06761161983013153,
-0.03501809015870094,
-0.05000768601894379,
-0.03871569782495499,
-0.013266371563076973,
-0.08359013497829437,
0.03641042858362198,
0.04844715818762779,
0.0008970433264039457,
-0.022928593680262566,
-0.015057011507451534,
0.04880952835083008,
0.05698420852422714,
-0.029219642281532288,
-0.05774034932255745,
-0.04151713475584984,
0.059726450592279434,
-0.000789482903201133,
0.04585873708128929,
0.019941920414566994,
0.05952323600649834,
-0.04005333408713341,
0.1655789017677307,
-0.06945343315601349,
0.027888555079698563,
0.009097039699554443,
-0.024932390078902245,
0.024712638929486275,
-0.0361906923353672,
-0.044286515563726425,
0.014099770225584507,
-0.03319309279322624,
-0.037807635962963104,
0.03017723746597767,
-0.04949565976858139,
-0.07196696847677231,
-0.047095589339733124,
0.04574558138847351,
-0.03944934904575348,
-0.0713612511754036,
0.014649192802608013,
-0.042200829833745956,
-0.026886511594057083,
-0.06384643912315369,
-0.03785382956266403,
0.03659452125430107,
-0.005637901369482279,
-0.0030659830663353205,
0.009943511337041855,
0.04984297975897789,
-0.009451750665903091,
-0.040717098861932755,
-0.00827963836491108,
0.046550899744033813,
-0.08380983024835587,
0.020917559042572975,
0.0029626809991896152,
0.0021771418396383524,
0.06704922765493393,
-0.0039495741948485374,
-0.016164444386959076,
-0.013724093325436115,
-0.021926550194621086,
-0.0024218892212957144,
0.06419206410646439,
0.06379950046539307,
-0.04023093730211258,
0.11341983079910278,
0.01659555733203888,
0.02522360533475876,
0.035535361617803574,
0.01740037463605404,
-0.03956707566976547,
-0.0342097282409668,
-0.04588770493865013,
-0.019318493083119392,
0.045124176889657974,
0.004874840844422579,
0.024334343150258064,
0.02666572853922844,
0.03181856498122215,
-0.025437410920858383,
-0.06662476807832718,
-0.03326113522052765,
-0.014610773883759975,
0.05753762274980545,
0.031611036509275436,
-0.0013570080045610666,
-0.009386693127453327,
0.007573610171675682,
0.024155158549547195,
0.013987621292471886,
-0.2806033194065094,
-0.005084080155938864,
0.023081861436367035,
0.04861331358551979,
-0.059951022267341614,
-0.052061695605516434,
-0.0620066337287426,
0.002922108629718423,
0.05264362320303917,
0.02281372994184494,
-0.011923929676413536,
0.0468890480697155,
0.010854884050786495,
-0.041127271950244904,
-0.0035384041257202625,
0.007377559784799814,
0.002174029126763344,
-0.023255186155438423,
0.02277395874261856,
0.008759786374866962,
-0.032656311988830566,
-0.02453376166522503,
0.1298176795244217,
0.03466041386127472,
0.02093397080898285,
0.028808163478970528,
0.00916545931249857,
0.003169714007526636,
0.02998253144323826,
-0.0005839820951223373,
0.04322444275021553,
-0.03360952436923981,
0.05411011725664139,
-0.006890707183629274,
0.027183670550584793,
-0.024569500237703323,
-0.011738083325326443,
-0.04434753581881523,
-0.03522447496652603,
-0.004355205222964287,
-0.1104045957326889,
-0.014587027952075005,
-0.015043482184410095,
-0.06354103982448578,
0.07532571256160736,
-0.0344964936375618,
-0.049416325986385345,
-0.101315438747406,
0.020019128918647766,
-0.04048016667366028,
-0.018609987571835518,
-0.0070883301086723804,
0.04133526235818863,
0.02120998501777649,
0.0337551049888134,
0.007619345095008612,
-0.05225644260644913,
0.02316693216562271,
-0.04771248251199722,
-0.03045189194381237,
0.00016667785530444235,
-0.03485449403524399,
-0.06305824220180511,
0.060477327555418015,
-0.026825638487935066
] |
PMID:6592 | Factors affecting the sensitivity of replicating McCoy cells in the isolation and growth of chlamydia A (TRIC agents). | Normal non-irradiated McCoy cell cultures provide a sensitive and reproducible method for the isolation of oculo-genital strains of chlamydia A directly from human secretions and for laboratory studies with these agents. Since September 1973, chlamydia have been isolated from 175 of 562 women (32-1%) attending venereal disease clinics. Freshly isolated and low passage strains have been used to determine the importance of centrifugation, constitution and pH of the tissue culture medium, and the temperature of incubation in controlling the efficiency of plating in the method. | Factors affecting the sensitivity of replicating McCoy cells in the isolation and growth of chlamydia A (TRIC agents). Normal non-irradiated McCoy cell cultures provide a sensitive and reproducible method for the isolation of oculo-genital strains of chlamydia A directly from human secretions and for laboratory studies with these agents. Since September 1973, chlamydia have been isolated from 175 of 562 women (32-1%) attending venereal disease clinics. Freshly isolated and low passage strains have been used to determine the importance of centrifugation, constitution and pH of the tissue culture medium, and the temperature of incubation in controlling the efficiency of plating in the method. | [
0.02169312722980976,
0.03058672696352005,
-0.01448175497353077,
0.02358386106789112,
0.04544338583946228,
-0.01778530329465866,
0.023441726341843605,
0.03899967297911644,
-0.03730064257979393,
-0.009709767997264862,
0.051159366965293884,
-0.050386544317007065,
0.034561578184366226,
-0.0072514270432293415,
-0.05018295720219612,
-0.046118512749671936,
-0.02934843860566616,
-0.030207350850105286,
0.014205369167029858,
0.003354910295456648,
0.004610090516507626,
-0.058386482298374176,
-0.00795722845941782,
-0.0022515435703098774,
0.020328238606452942,
0.007102461066097021,
-0.03533707186579704,
-0.018455548211932182,
-0.02963479794561863,
-0.19394661486148834,
0.020290227606892586,
0.010217024013400078,
-0.02839130349457264,
-0.02189457044005394,
0.056820835918188095,
0.004072136711329222,
0.002367333509027958,
-0.04714442789554596,
0.019689084962010384,
0.050704341381788254,
0.010537590831518173,
-0.018516894429922104,
-0.004915205296128988,
-0.036016058176755905,
0.043373819440603256,
0.007633002009242773,
-0.04453317075967789,
0.038909297436475754,
0.14397461712360382,
0.0502445362508297,
0.020720859989523888,
-0.02665949985384941,
-0.00008618270658189431,
0.001294508227147162,
-0.038299065083265305,
-0.02928256429731846,
0.012702814303338528,
0.05781859904527664,
0.013557607308030128,
-0.0166692603379488,
-0.0010040296474471688,
0.06016506254673004,
-0.1032223179936409,
0.031099101528525352,
0.011902212165296078,
-0.0322810560464859,
-0.013658173382282257,
-0.03308527171611786,
0.07170224189758301,
0.021992456167936325,
-0.085361048579216,
0.03590542450547218,
-0.02603781223297119,
0.033343128859996796,
0.0008932155324146152,
-0.013515542261302471,
0.04437628388404846,
-0.02129678800702095,
0.006828638259321451,
0.029399309307336807,
-0.03857025131583214,
0.017953749746084213,
0.0029775069560855627,
0.007284042425453663,
-0.015054503455758095,
-0.006046687718480825,
0.022045675665140152,
0.004287661984562874,
-0.021408962085843086,
-0.03174273297190666,
-0.03957473486661911,
-0.032451026141643524,
-0.005578367505222559,
-0.007372385356575251,
-0.04415839537978172,
-0.006648406386375427,
-0.004691015928983688,
-0.03905007988214493,
0.019946148619055748,
0.3988131582736969,
-0.00294955144636333,
-0.030189063400030136,
0.004981586709618568,
0.013968575745821,
0.009526488371193409,
-0.014605331234633923,
0.015450687147676945,
-0.01625760830938816,
0.005892051849514246,
0.05365367978811264,
0.012291159480810165,
0.009988539852201939,
-0.00037638668436557055,
-0.02671201154589653,
-0.0033467430621385574,
0.01580760069191456,
0.030418865382671356,
-0.04871826991438866,
-0.027547383680939674,
0.0315672904253006,
-0.027209170162677765,
-0.06623990088701248,
0.07937665283679962,
-0.03185098618268967,
0.03639528155326843,
-0.0005635718116536736,
0.012340476736426353,
0.07551877200603485,
0.05139898881316185,
-0.00020778113685082644,
0.05953684449195862,
-0.03382222726941109,
-0.01337568648159504,
0.020306574180722237,
0.009432464838027954,
-0.03363799676299095,
-0.03546736761927605,
-0.016886552795767784,
-0.023189706727862358,
-0.045880310237407684,
0.02901856228709221,
-0.06984604895114899,
0.010460665449500084,
-0.06696660816669464,
-0.03170694410800934,
0.08204686641693115,
-0.04604563117027283,
0.03972066193819046,
-0.024444645270705223,
0.003801520448178053,
0.022184768691658974,
0.05840712785720825,
-0.020133843645453453,
0.0018136989092454314,
0.046022798866033554,
-0.07235345989465714,
-0.008378498256206512,
-0.01327943429350853,
-0.013139117509126663,
0.03908394277095795,
0.0021930711809545755,
-0.019619010388851166,
0.0037028398364782333,
0.12531167268753052,
-0.006986574269831181,
-0.11305294930934906,
0.005195790436118841,
0.06643395870923996,
0.016091011464595795,
0.01696561649441719,
0.01914827898144722,
-0.01966439001262188,
0.005254010669887066,
0.04601664841175079,
-0.06360511481761932,
-0.016981681808829308,
-0.10017342120409012,
0.0015239294152706861,
0.025459757074713707,
0.04725328087806702,
-0.018304316326975822,
0.024623626843094826,
-0.033302560448646545,
0.020167367532849312,
-0.010702783241868019,
0.010957928374409676,
-0.07041776180267334,
0.030589524656534195,
0.03733823448419571,
0.044786982238292694,
0.006249821744859219,
-0.008101166225969791,
-0.09733877331018448,
0.049416691064834595,
0.0006582372006960213,
-0.028621578589081764,
-0.04299921914935112,
-0.014648517593741417,
0.018539659678936005,
-0.038829781115055084,
0.01879057101905346,
0.03765270859003067,
-0.0019043436041101813,
0.07424570620059967,
0.002193609718233347,
0.06939555704593658,
0.060919541865587234,
-0.038748789578676224,
0.05499093607068062,
0.04816831275820732,
-0.039864327758550644,
-0.025144638493657112,
-0.0511297844350338,
-0.04942088574171066,
-0.056896403431892395,
0.10369274020195007,
0.010199923068284988,
-0.022414248436689377,
0.04978358373045921,
-0.003130292519927025,
0.07008714973926544,
0.00846253614872694,
-0.021837720647454262,
-0.310293972492218,
0.0405687615275383,
-0.021389737725257874,
-0.012565065175294876,
0.02330961264669895,
-0.055689990520477295,
0.01987544633448124,
-0.0327920988202095,
0.018663227558135986,
-0.032442353665828705,
0.03652288392186165,
0.1361159235239029,
-0.036408912390470505,
-0.0488593764603138,
-0.03678126260638237,
0.08671816438436508,
0.018345948308706284,
-0.007130603305995464,
0.05065908282995224,
-0.011279579252004623,
0.060693126171827316,
-0.0013070134446024895,
0.06209089607000351,
-0.02426949329674244,
0.03226085379719734,
-0.05159582197666168,
0.0845881998538971,
-0.018375717103481293,
0.004052815027534962,
-0.04085785523056984,
-0.005567221436649561,
-0.026252174749970436,
-0.01067153736948967,
-0.0909186452627182,
-0.015105905011296272,
-0.003588765161111951,
0.005827713757753372,
-0.00710806529968977,
0.046654604375362396,
0.012323474511504173,
0.015491309575736523,
-0.02038273774087429,
-0.0039013295900076628,
-0.05796949565410614,
0.014962993562221527,
-0.014846371486783028,
0.04076654464006424,
0.06335462629795074,
0.04627776890993118,
0.012386854737997055,
-0.0000628496054559946,
-0.05615665763616562,
0.020549394190311432,
0.022308163344860077,
-0.06576714664697647,
0.02231399342417717,
-0.048146821558475494,
0.021990012377500534,
-0.04144451394677162,
0.01926872506737709,
-0.007302053272724152,
-0.003667547833174467,
0.04726460576057434,
0.004485294688493013,
-0.037802986800670624,
-0.02971077710390091,
0.018262023106217384,
-0.0027232631109654903,
0.12835822999477386,
-0.01984725520014763,
-0.02898533083498478,
0.11519602686166763,
-0.016273830085992813,
0.002918275771662593,
-0.05774228274822235,
-0.011009978130459785,
-0.08436840027570724,
-0.0582374669611454,
-0.040680885314941406,
-0.028860289603471756,
0.03288128972053528,
-0.021760057657957077,
0.06073794886469841,
0.0010858966270461679,
0.02389855869114399,
0.026573868468403816,
-0.035533517599105835,
0.030106883496046066,
-0.026426153257489204,
-0.0338805615901947,
0.03894858807325363,
0.011076469905674458,
0.001036456204019487,
-0.020589439198374748,
-0.01191487442702055,
-0.01497661229223013,
-0.2979811429977417,
-0.06541846692562103,
0.005038583185523748,
0.03714000806212425,
0.004511937033385038,
0.05381857231259346,
0.04512350633740425,
-0.013163038529455662,
-0.007056877948343754,
0.012113625183701515,
0.09027282148599625,
0.027013974264264107,
0.06487288326025009,
0.006503403186798096,
0.02798030525445938,
0.05275234207510948,
0.02557387389242649,
-0.045559484511613846,
-0.004732401575893164,
-0.001205726177431643,
0.04404976963996887,
-0.030530152842402458,
0.09211724251508713,
-0.012593566440045834,
-0.02459065243601799,
0.025482816621661186,
0.03406120464205742,
0.03255307674407959,
0.017631351947784424,
0.008873160928487778,
0.014033185318112373,
0.039783697575330734,
-0.015123602002859116,
-0.040707651525735855,
0.026853809133172035,
0.007904591970145702,
0.04347134754061699,
-0.03985074535012245,
-0.010781647637486458,
-0.05492603778839111,
-0.07230192422866821,
-0.0013489514822140336,
-0.030902674421668053,
-0.033209700137376785,
0.03454914316534996,
-0.04509560018777847,
-0.044230397790670395,
-0.12233477085828781,
-0.04846928268671036,
-0.00880951527506113,
-0.013052312657237053,
-0.034463148564100266,
0.027415771037340164,
0.028058215975761414,
0.05868910253047943,
0.025764748454093933,
-0.0400865264236927,
-0.0017065368592739105,
-0.02892223745584488,
0.024880658835172653,
0.00944855809211731,
-0.021710749715566635,
0.00030033235088922083,
0.11285225301980972,
0.011817095801234245
] |
PMID:6593 | Effect of six weekly transfusions on canine marrow grafts: tests for sensitization and abrogation of sensitization by procarbazine and antithymocyte serum. | We have previously shown that blood transfusions can immunize a dog and lead to rejection of a subsequent marrow graft despite lethal total body irradiation (TBI). Sensitization to histocompatibility antigens induced by two prior transfusions of whole blood could be overcome by a regimen of procarbazine and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) preceding TBI. The current study investigated a) whether this regimen could abrogate sensitization induced by six weekly transfusions given from days --50 to --15 preceding a marrow graft, and b) whether platelet survival studies and two in vitro tests of immunity could predict marrow graft rejection. All donor-recipient pairs were histoincompatible, unrelated, and of different breed. Twenty-two recipients received platelet concentrate transfusions and eight received whole blood transfusions. Recipients were given 1200 R TBI and a graft of marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes from the transfusion donor on day 0. Three of 15 recipients (20%) given procarbazine, 12.5 mg/kg i.v. on days --8, --6, and --4, and ATS, 0.6 ml/kg subcutaneously on days --7, --5 and --3, Rejected their grafts, whereas 11 of 15 dogs (73%) not given procarbazine and ATS rejected their grafts (p less than 0.01). Serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies, peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition, and in vivo donor platelet recovery and survival were studied in those recipients receiving six weekly transfusions and in 18 other recipients receiving a single donor transfusion 3 months before marrow grafting. No significant correlation was found among these in vitro and in vivo tests of sensitization. Sensitization to marrow grafts was not reliably detected by the presence of cytotoxic antibodies or leukocyte migration inhibition. Platelet survival, however, was positively correlated with the results of marrow grafting in 12 of 15 (80%) evaluable recipients (p approximately 0.15). | Effect of six weekly transfusions on canine marrow grafts: tests for sensitization and abrogation of sensitization by procarbazine and antithymocyte serum. We have previously shown that blood transfusions can immunize a dog and lead to rejection of a subsequent marrow graft despite lethal total body irradiation (TBI). Sensitization to histocompatibility antigens induced by two prior transfusions of whole blood could be overcome by a regimen of procarbazine and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) preceding TBI. The current study investigated a) whether this regimen could abrogate sensitization induced by six weekly transfusions given from days --50 to --15 preceding a marrow graft, and b) whether platelet survival studies and two in vitro tests of immunity could predict marrow graft rejection. All donor-recipient pairs were histoincompatible, unrelated, and of different breed. Twenty-two recipients received platelet concentrate transfusions and eight received whole blood transfusions. Recipients were given 1200 R TBI and a graft of marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes from the transfusion donor on day 0. Three of 15 recipients (20%) given procarbazine, 12.5 mg/kg i.v. on days --8, --6, and --4, and ATS, 0.6 ml/kg subcutaneously on days --7, --5 and --3, Rejected their grafts, whereas 11 of 15 dogs (73%) not given procarbazine and ATS rejected their grafts (p less than 0.01). Serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies, peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition, and in vivo donor platelet recovery and survival were studied in those recipients receiving six weekly transfusions and in 18 other recipients receiving a single donor transfusion 3 months before marrow grafting. No significant correlation was found among these in vitro and in vivo tests of sensitization. Sensitization to marrow grafts was not reliably detected by the presence of cytotoxic antibodies or leukocyte migration inhibition. Platelet survival, however, was positively correlated with the results of marrow grafting in 12 of 15 (80%) evaluable recipients (p approximately 0.15). | [
-0.08756410330533981,
0.05429553613066673,
-0.02807089127600193,
0.0617920346558094,
-0.00314259878359735,
-0.002575797727331519,
0.06700186431407928,
0.0561097152531147,
-0.05258510634303093,
0.002371232258155942,
0.036813877522945404,
-0.0373198464512825,
0.000407315616030246,
0.011136538349092007,
-0.02758837305009365,
0.022800937294960022,
0.044421255588531494,
0.016311755403876305,
-0.10450876504182816,
0.03405701741576195,
-0.08448360115289688,
-0.018952788785099983,
-0.008945799432694912,
-0.00540147302672267,
0.05538950115442276,
0.038134001195430756,
-0.010291263461112976,
-0.013381204567849636,
-0.014246436767280102,
-0.1549660563468933,
0.038373105227947235,
-0.03994528949260712,
-0.05757445469498634,
-0.01381677482277155,
-0.027537072077393532,
0.02715269848704338,
-0.026053536683321,
-0.02817670628428459,
-0.008008301258087158,
0.026284631341695786,
0.05830101668834686,
0.016392754390835762,
-0.042894475162029266,
0.03933235630393028,
0.03083617240190506,
0.0036143437027931213,
-0.03149699047207832,
-0.005423759110271931,
0.06736565381288528,
0.01528887078166008,
0.038551900535821915,
-0.04492570832371712,
0.04329564422369003,
0.09189978986978531,
-0.04528121277689934,
-0.04809411242604256,
-0.022437896579504013,
0.049726054072380066,
-0.00029276232817210257,
0.017089935019612312,
0.005491680931299925,
0.059887517243623734,
-0.13790665566921234,
0.11174168437719345,
0.04987131431698799,
-0.024794073775410652,
-0.025888875126838684,
-0.030420785769820213,
0.004788121208548546,
0.08099427074193954,
-0.0362459272146225,
0.04401594027876854,
0.013121800497174263,
0.07537148147821426,
0.0466483049094677,
-0.029015393927693367,
0.006361776031553745,
-0.031187264248728752,
0.03897089511156082,
-0.018377207219600677,
-0.009902340359985828,
-0.004757311195135117,
-0.0005024667480029166,
-0.033024657517671585,
-0.009810938499867916,
-0.0799974575638771,
0.006831859238445759,
-0.02024364098906517,
-0.010229814797639847,
0.04554542154073715,
0.015578264370560646,
-0.018638908863067627,
0.0159846730530262,
-0.004493409767746925,
-0.078611820936203,
-0.012074008584022522,
0.01009132619947195,
-0.04783940687775612,
0.026546191424131393,
0.4315839409828186,
0.007248581387102604,
0.05423591658473015,
-0.02979426272213459,
-0.01651282235980034,
0.03357240557670593,
-0.041490551084280014,
-0.0073052821680903435,
0.01487406063824892,
-0.053062450140714645,
0.0747259184718132,
-0.020148131996393204,
0.002722125733271241,
0.03671569377183914,
-0.06002064421772957,
0.004884605295956135,
0.03982989862561226,
0.053910400718450546,
0.01755555346608162,
-0.006450016982853413,
0.04175760596990585,
-0.010281948372721672,
-0.023300589993596077,
0.01979217305779457,
-0.0545952282845974,
-0.001824391190893948,
0.04078250005841255,
0.04223322123289108,
0.07929682731628418,
0.039384957402944565,
-0.005870574153959751,
0.08442682772874832,
0.012365820817649364,
-0.017216881737113,
0.008542485535144806,
0.004130284767597914,
0.0317801833152771,
0.04761704057455063,
-0.01617811620235443,
-0.0024893234949558973,
0.024272844195365906,
0.03648189455270767,
-0.07836435735225677,
-0.006670711562037468,
-0.07285182923078537,
-0.040578603744506836,
0.009340552613139153,
0.05822477117180824,
-0.019664201885461807,
-0.034068699926137924,
-0.04313099384307861,
-0.04624352604150772,
0.02439209818840027,
-0.005400632042437792,
0.042527612298727036,
-0.029798652976751328,
0.02973964996635914,
-0.04765096306800842,
-0.014436890371143818,
0.003346915589645505,
-0.03743297979235649,
-0.0024394027423113585,
-0.05654936656355858,
-0.021776678040623665,
0.09348862618207932,
-0.023422202095389366,
-0.010535519570112228,
-0.010425654239952564,
-0.01871425285935402,
0.05815098062157631,
0.00956824142485857,
0.04152662307024002,
0.01413856539875269,
-0.030902590602636337,
-0.0823763906955719,
-0.006257703527808189,
0.00982228945940733,
-0.0568280890583992,
-0.002534888219088316,
0.025330089032649994,
0.03218844532966614,
0.008008988574147224,
0.02449173294007778,
-0.026375750079751015,
0.01194844301789999,
0.010117653757333755,
0.04132775962352753,
-0.03312180936336517,
0.029041659086942673,
0.026727350428700447,
0.04851900413632393,
-0.020358538255095482,
0.003965246025472879,
-0.07154982537031174,
-0.03608597069978714,
0.03967665135860443,
0.004807911813259125,
-0.10600678622722626,
-0.009190846234560013,
-0.01131647638976574,
0.01685844361782074,
0.09535440802574158,
-0.06025664880871773,
0.007708651013672352,
0.002298985607922077,
0.05618072301149368,
0.04802250117063522,
0.024738499894738197,
-0.027995802462100983,
0.06691371649503708,
0.018820399418473244,
-0.014293914660811424,
0.06932024657726288,
0.0018499635625630617,
-0.010753246024250984,
-0.021047472953796387,
0.08623381704092026,
-0.04743754863739014,
-0.01571471616625786,
0.02045784331858158,
-0.017468316480517387,
-0.01608135923743248,
-0.03159559890627861,
-0.001954883337020874,
-0.3066386282444,
-0.05034841224551201,
-0.008594867773354053,
-0.004151575732976198,
-0.006497719790786505,
-0.011825567111372948,
-0.01079337578266859,
-0.08417785167694092,
0.0030407640151679516,
0.0033047061879187822,
0.0564761720597744,
0.07056023180484772,
-0.007756397128105164,
-0.05894104018807411,
0.03903549164533615,
0.03398216515779495,
0.008061645552515984,
0.015742061659693718,
0.04307626187801361,
-0.014066237956285477,
0.028787149116396904,
0.014427443034946918,
0.010060069151222706,
0.016209373250603676,
0.028944633901119232,
0.05012975260615349,
0.1094367578625679,
0.006329587660729885,
-0.01941344328224659,
0.011649045161902905,
-0.001140887150540948,
-0.02415580116212368,
-0.016880838200449944,
-0.0743633359670639,
0.01632521115243435,
-0.00517710205167532,
-0.062024038285017014,
-0.028442159295082092,
0.026614172384142876,
0.0027459461707621813,
-0.06620897352695465,
-0.0054690041579306126,
-0.018779007717967033,
-0.0716632530093193,
-0.057914018630981445,
0.030770601704716682,
0.021333320066332817,
0.061949439346790314,
-0.003964534495025873,
0.007896612398326397,
0.008698474615812302,
-0.008440634235739708,
0.021082768216729164,
0.02109058015048504,
0.04606156051158905,
-0.021786123514175415,
-0.07408048212528229,
-0.005171711090952158,
-0.06668192148208618,
-0.019371025264263153,
-0.013528292998671532,
-0.011768895201385021,
0.024651026353240013,
-0.029019635170698166,
-0.050184331834316254,
-0.016244787722826004,
0.02320633828639984,
0.008745941333472729,
0.04228153079748154,
0.006801286246627569,
0.049213141202926636,
0.08531051874160767,
-0.0028283700812608004,
-0.01880297064781189,
0.008137851022183895,
-0.0011016398202627897,
-0.03148670867085457,
-0.002890747506171465,
-0.032696906477212906,
-0.018048899248242378,
0.04712472856044769,
-0.00970793142914772,
-0.0043694572523236275,
0.01871221512556076,
0.048174045979976654,
0.061367396265268326,
0.024182766675949097,
0.036656130105257034,
0.008313005790114403,
0.019661182537674904,
-0.0078176474198699,
0.006731654051691294,
-0.04743298515677452,
-0.016669707372784615,
-0.015207641758024693,
0.054797861725091934,
-0.2861684262752533,
-0.014902650378644466,
0.031378891319036484,
-0.03801189363002777,
-0.05807996168732643,
-0.011276787146925926,
0.02039155550301075,
-0.0632670447230339,
-0.03800731897354126,
-0.04007406160235405,
0.015905067324638367,
0.05589066073298454,
0.05593838915228844,
0.04730835556983948,
-0.009322459809482098,
-0.020026087760925293,
0.013524443842470646,
0.0003220951766707003,
-0.06452973932027817,
-0.023139337077736855,
-0.01724444516003132,
-0.037263065576553345,
0.15660032629966736,
0.003190494840964675,
0.012715928256511688,
0.024838417768478394,
0.00728094344958663,
0.025627927854657173,
-0.027586093172430992,
0.024639084935188293,
0.020848557353019714,
0.012723419815301895,
-0.000461748568341136,
-0.02597437985241413,
0.009669850580394268,
0.0060692536644637585,
-0.03276119753718376,
0.013224241323769093,
-0.03965872898697853,
0.026657361537218094,
-0.0471508651971817,
0.03854399174451828,
-0.014693683944642544,
-0.06341320276260376,
0.08002978563308716,
-0.043937984853982925,
-0.040204405784606934,
-0.04649216681718826,
-0.013040884397923946,
-0.01151698175817728,
-0.06412789970636368,
0.03476964682340622,
0.040703412145376205,
-0.09361261129379272,
0.02791265770792961,
0.008369890041649342,
0.04241674393415451,
0.004081075079739094,
0.004435327369719744,
-0.015586539171636105,
0.01367329154163599,
-0.04774825647473335,
-0.051206402480602264,
0.09900680929422379,
0.002883973065763712
] |
PMID:6594 | Fine structure of three different anti-fluorescein combining sites: induced circular dichroism of hapten bound to autologous and heterologous recombinants. | We have previously reported the sequential appearance in hyperimmunized rabbits of three distinct types of antifluorescein-combining sites that can be distinguished by the characteristic induced circular dichroism (CD) of the bound hapten, fluorescein. Such induced CD depends on the configuration of the surrounding residues, and, in the case of anti-fluorescein, can be localized to the configuration of the sub-site which binds the hydroxyxanthenone moiety of fluorescein. In the present investigation, we have studied the fine structure of both autologous and heterologous recombinant sites and of the free chains by measuring the induced CD of bound hapten. Heavy chain dimers at pH 5.4 bound fluorescein that displayed a weak negative CD band which is different from that observed in any of the native antibodies. No induced CD was observed with light chains. Thus, the hydroxyxanthenone subsite does not exist intact in any of the isolated chains. Fluorescein bound to purified autologous recombinants, when studied at pH 7.5, exhibited CD spectra very similar to those observed for the original antibodies. Most significantly, fluorescein bound to purified heterologous recombinants, prepared in all possible combinations, showed CD spectra most similar to those exhibited by sites from which the heavy chain was derived. Thus, the microenvironment of the subsite appears to be due primarily to the heavy chain. | Fine structure of three different anti-fluorescein combining sites: induced circular dichroism of hapten bound to autologous and heterologous recombinants. We have previously reported the sequential appearance in hyperimmunized rabbits of three distinct types of antifluorescein-combining sites that can be distinguished by the characteristic induced circular dichroism (CD) of the bound hapten, fluorescein. Such induced CD depends on the configuration of the surrounding residues, and, in the case of anti-fluorescein, can be localized to the configuration of the sub-site which binds the hydroxyxanthenone moiety of fluorescein. In the present investigation, we have studied the fine structure of both autologous and heterologous recombinant sites and of the free chains by measuring the induced CD of bound hapten. Heavy chain dimers at pH 5.4 bound fluorescein that displayed a weak negative CD band which is different from that observed in any of the native antibodies. No induced CD was observed with light chains. Thus, the hydroxyxanthenone subsite does not exist intact in any of the isolated chains. Fluorescein bound to purified autologous recombinants, when studied at pH 7.5, exhibited CD spectra very similar to those observed for the original antibodies. Most significantly, fluorescein bound to purified heterologous recombinants, prepared in all possible combinations, showed CD spectra most similar to those exhibited by sites from which the heavy chain was derived. Thus, the microenvironment of the subsite appears to be due primarily to the heavy chain. | [
-0.076858751475811,
0.003172661177814007,
-0.016853226348757744,
0.04349974915385246,
0.0488041415810585,
-0.021851422265172005,
0.016081474721431732,
0.06682964414358139,
-0.018319277092814445,
-0.06548722833395004,
0.02471059001982212,
-0.06028785929083824,
0.023805376142263412,
-0.023361096158623695,
-0.020672759041190147,
-0.029030606150627136,
0.0002828669676091522,
0.00024554392439313233,
-0.06063446030020714,
-0.014058287255465984,
-0.024157265201210976,
-0.007696793880313635,
0.01394365169107914,
-0.06198737025260925,
0.05237077921628952,
0.06611090898513794,
0.016858626157045364,
-0.006315439008176327,
-0.06533615291118622,
-0.2209078073501587,
0.05248670279979706,
-0.005960655864328146,
-0.005957713350653648,
-0.01165778562426567,
-0.0029336833395063877,
-0.07656636834144592,
-0.02157597616314888,
-0.009729746729135513,
0.015180554240942001,
-0.025219986215233803,
0.04622536525130272,
0.05823947489261627,
-0.0025861691683530807,
0.02220194786787033,
0.06886863708496094,
-0.06531646847724915,
-0.04322820529341698,
0.012719005346298218,
0.04051664471626282,
0.0288164671510458,
0.03904690220952034,
-0.043559297919273376,
0.02891434170305729,
0.042277637869119644,
-0.011493108235299587,
0.07715173065662384,
0.013987160287797451,
0.02730889804661274,
-0.04454047605395317,
0.01807977445423603,
0.07679355889558792,
0.07568913698196411,
-0.1065811887383461,
0.0779988244175911,
0.06474000960588455,
0.03551328182220459,
0.01314680278301239,
-0.044105734676122665,
0.033668726682662964,
0.03698626905679703,
-0.032210931181907654,
0.029322169721126556,
-0.057139139622449875,
-0.01514142844825983,
0.003819940844550729,
0.01640760898590088,
-0.039114076644182205,
0.003093167208135128,
0.04562435299158096,
0.02392989955842495,
0.021657507866621017,
-0.020612258464097977,
0.040858518332242966,
-0.00038943058461882174,
-0.003565435530617833,
0.02739638090133667,
0.0178575087338686,
-0.06502831727266312,
0.021417684853076935,
0.032449956983327866,
0.026036009192466736,
-0.0421585738658905,
0.00548791466280818,
-0.02130771614611149,
-0.06263422966003418,
0.025649406015872955,
0.03217443451285362,
0.021972959861159325,
0.049924012273550034,
0.3958715796470642,
-0.04236157611012459,
0.011028003878891468,
-0.044484157115221024,
-0.02983197383582592,
-0.02462799660861492,
-0.035334039479494095,
-0.0065634665079414845,
-0.005254443734884262,
-0.006347604561597109,
0.05491303279995918,
0.02749243564903736,
0.009710828773677349,
-0.04638192057609558,
-0.09852642565965652,
-0.013106142170727253,
-0.034383758902549744,
-0.005621961783617735,
0.007478335406631231,
-0.029693622142076492,
0.014051688835024834,
0.022303471341729164,
-0.009036012925207615,
0.003603725926950574,
-0.003934253007173538,
0.04659758135676384,
0.020718449726700783,
-0.02794431336224079,
0.0667228251695633,
0.08743777871131897,
0.011713339015841484,
-0.0040150852873921394,
0.02663588710129261,
-0.0065187718719244,
0.011700144037604332,
-0.029478002339601517,
0.03200054168701172,
0.01463712751865387,
-0.03901541233062744,
0.02820640429854393,
0.00005539286939892918,
0.020077696070075035,
-0.08117584884166718,
-0.03389381244778633,
-0.06749731302261353,
-0.06348250061273575,
0.0838770717382431,
-0.036674391478300095,
0.04893577843904495,
-0.000005236533525021514,
0.04908899590373039,
0.003365523647516966,
0.029591932892799377,
-0.03877720609307289,
0.04751358926296234,
-0.05015746131539345,
0.05665866658091545,
-0.04281691089272499,
-0.02087673358619213,
0.0033737733028829098,
-0.013791359961032867,
-0.06770117580890656,
-0.008359016850590706,
0.018134569749236107,
0.03317169100046158,
0.018241504207253456,
-0.07501553744077682,
-0.004836284089833498,
0.031580887734889984,
-0.013096686452627182,
-0.013172479346394539,
-0.03595747426152229,
-0.04555947333574295,
-0.01332405861467123,
-0.020553933456540108,
-0.0384584441781044,
-0.006273738574236631,
-0.05060466751456261,
0.01919867843389511,
0.020339779555797577,
0.03538748621940613,
-0.048675358295440674,
0.017473187297582626,
-0.020238051190972328,
0.015268203802406788,
0.06546158343553543,
-0.007662502117455006,
-0.05789685249328613,
0.04654105752706528,
-0.033531446009874344,
0.048394907265901566,
-0.035545289516448975,
0.014044358395040035,
-0.06531349569559097,
0.038758713752031326,
-0.018629111349582672,
-0.04032842069864273,
-0.045268137007951736,
0.004300475586205721,
0.01985936611890793,
-0.014548860490322113,
0.15972141921520233,
0.0030981507152318954,
0.019467070698738098,
0.027310805395245552,
0.005029604770243168,
0.04603472724556923,
0.03129801154136658,
0.01893601007759571,
0.05059976503252983,
-0.03540901094675064,
-0.03420105203986168,
0.026314157992601395,
-0.06954918801784515,
-0.0009089940576814115,
-0.058614131063222885,
-0.02302025631070137,
0.0005573334638029337,
0.04012143239378929,
0.010510142892599106,
0.03998013213276863,
0.005998917855322361,
-0.05072852224111557,
-0.07686085253953934,
-0.3157891035079956,
-0.02659575268626213,
-0.02188279666006565,
-0.029958968982100487,
0.055804137140512466,
0.01672421768307686,
0.0071775782853364944,
0.03696674108505249,
0.005844927858561277,
-0.034836165606975555,
0.015494806692004204,
0.07500164955854416,
-0.04816560074687004,
-0.08678362518548965,
-0.05198509618639946,
0.025083191692829132,
0.019303858280181885,
-0.030305445194244385,
0.017403673380613327,
0.00979443360120058,
-0.008981570601463318,
-0.02755243517458439,
-0.008817256428301334,
0.037559282034635544,
0.01877262257039547,
0.052784159779548645,
0.13889922201633453,
0.04498026892542839,
-0.05730407312512398,
-0.01514778845012188,
-0.001888018217869103,
0.04445480555295944,
-0.0072996183298528194,
-0.008987761102616787,
-0.0089493403211236,
-0.014015593566000462,
-0.03200789541006088,
-0.00756552629172802,
0.028271034359931946,
-0.00025720911798998713,
0.017953161150217056,
0.027646956965327263,
0.016238903626799583,
-0.07920418679714203,
-0.005577860400080681,
-0.016299037262797356,
0.020296592265367508,
0.0011482846457511187,
0.03845134750008583,
0.030035652220249176,
0.027304232120513916,
-0.08364429324865341,
0.0062170689925551414,
0.06155168265104294,
0.019697152078151703,
0.029709940776228905,
-0.012542464770376682,
0.02379748411476612,
-0.04882271587848663,
0.012219332158565521,
0.019022947177290916,
-0.009117155335843563,
-0.033301085233688354,
0.01164542231708765,
0.01464117132127285,
-0.013428769074380398,
0.01840898022055626,
-0.03562251105904579,
0.06547178328037262,
0.00574241578578949,
0.004601811524480581,
0.10748826712369919,
-0.006771329324692488,
0.06130291149020195,
0.045859772711992264,
0.005146220792084932,
-0.042866386473178864,
-0.019317442551255226,
-0.05975800007581711,
0.07973622530698776,
0.0356709286570549,
-0.07023511826992035,
0.02427106350660324,
-0.009261799976229668,
-0.018329637125134468,
-0.004309912212193012,
0.0265134796500206,
-0.022618547081947327,
0.004466683603823185,
0.07953844219446182,
-0.001911587081849575,
0.009920027107000351,
-0.015056188218295574,
-0.029274793341755867,
-0.00484118377789855,
0.014782077632844448,
-0.2881215214729309,
-0.0013704556040465832,
0.04147092252969742,
0.0665392354130745,
-0.02495344541966915,
0.05666595324873924,
0.022349189966917038,
-0.08404785394668579,
-0.0327426977455616,
0.012702934443950653,
-0.015605209395289421,
-0.00685915956273675,
0.058221012353897095,
-0.04252453148365021,
-0.008440001867711544,
0.0011235491838306189,
0.06407066434621811,
-0.011570735834538937,
-0.024619806557893753,
-0.006813218351453543,
-0.025240423157811165,
-0.015675850212574005,
0.1690003126859665,
0.022546065971255302,
-0.013749918900430202,
-0.0021234634332358837,
-0.02560504712164402,
0.02786271646618843,
-0.057074371725320816,
0.05896603316068649,
-0.02728322334587574,
-0.01112981978803873,
0.030495034530758858,
-0.022614089772105217,
0.014785606414079666,
0.02327697165310383,
-0.031066546216607094,
-0.006392043083906174,
0.014074443839490414,
0.02540801838040352,
0.006124412640929222,
-0.006917156744748354,
-0.06708905845880508,
-0.03274901211261749,
0.03613860532641411,
-0.06588387489318848,
-0.02704007178544998,
0.022600820288062096,
0.018813209608197212,
-0.005197389516979456,
-0.036990486085414886,
-0.03520165756344795,
0.04499780759215355,
-0.018136586993932724,
-0.027881287038326263,
-0.06010308116674423,
0.006508087273687124,
-0.012886016629636288,
-0.010628067888319492,
0.03174193575978279,
-0.0034923821222037077,
0.038337696343660355,
-0.04816383495926857,
0.08301259577274323,
0.02790551446378231
] |
PMID:6595 | Biological expressions of lymphocyte activation. V. Characterization of a soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) produced by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells. | Supernatant fluids from murine spleen cell cultures incubated with concanavalin A for 48 hr contain a factor(s), soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), which suppresses plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes by murine spleen cells in vitro. In the present studies, some of the biochemical and biophysical properties of SIRS were investigated. SIRS was non-dialysable; the suppressive activity was stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but was destroyed by treatment at 70 degrees C for 30 min, 80 degrees C for 10 min, or at pH 2. The suppressive activity was not absorbed by the stimulating antigen, SRBC, or antisera against murine IgG or mu-chain, suggesting that SIRS does not contain immunoglobulin determinants. Murine spleen and thymus, but not kidney cells, however, absorbed SIRS activity. Enzyme treatments revealed that SIRS was resistant to DNase and RNase, but was destroyed by trypsin and chymotrypsin. In gel filtration with Sephadex G-100, SIRS activity eluted in the fraction corresponding to m.w. in the range between 48,000 and 67,000. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SIRS activity migrated in the region cathodal to albumin. Isopycnic centrifugation in a cesium chloride gradient suggested that SIRS is a glycoprotein. These supernatant fluids with SIRS activity were also found to contain macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In the experiments using gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isopycnic centrifugation to fractionate supernatant fluids, SIRS and MIF activity were found in the same fractions, and to date we have been unable to dissociate definitively SIRS activity from MIF activity. | Biological expressions of lymphocyte activation. V. Characterization of a soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) produced by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells. Supernatant fluids from murine spleen cell cultures incubated with concanavalin A for 48 hr contain a factor(s), soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), which suppresses plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes by murine spleen cells in vitro. In the present studies, some of the biochemical and biophysical properties of SIRS were investigated. SIRS was non-dialysable; the suppressive activity was stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but was destroyed by treatment at 70 degrees C for 30 min, 80 degrees C for 10 min, or at pH 2. The suppressive activity was not absorbed by the stimulating antigen, SRBC, or antisera against murine IgG or mu-chain, suggesting that SIRS does not contain immunoglobulin determinants. Murine spleen and thymus, but not kidney cells, however, absorbed SIRS activity. Enzyme treatments revealed that SIRS was resistant to DNase and RNase, but was destroyed by trypsin and chymotrypsin. In gel filtration with Sephadex G-100, SIRS activity eluted in the fraction corresponding to m.w. in the range between 48,000 and 67,000. With polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SIRS activity migrated in the region cathodal to albumin. Isopycnic centrifugation in a cesium chloride gradient suggested that SIRS is a glycoprotein. These supernatant fluids with SIRS activity were also found to contain macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In the experiments using gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isopycnic centrifugation to fractionate supernatant fluids, SIRS and MIF activity were found in the same fractions, and to date we have been unable to dissociate definitively SIRS activity from MIF activity. | [
-0.04216117411851883,
0.0019478955073282123,
-0.08126794546842575,
-0.021480925381183624,
0.014095418155193329,
-0.03628737851977348,
0.09669948369264603,
0.04987194389104843,
-0.04384905472397804,
0.043989650905132294,
0.0014749239198863506,
-0.08403263986110687,
0.04475899413228035,
-0.04671161621809006,
-0.02191673405468464,
-0.03429185599088669,
0.05519033968448639,
0.023846358060836792,
-0.0784735232591629,
0.0019132985034957528,
-0.02753928303718567,
-0.03562349081039429,
-0.01744385063648224,
-0.03656516224145889,
0.04128437489271164,
-0.00038440609932877123,
0.011539996601641178,
-0.02531956508755684,
-0.04105868190526962,
-0.2027159184217453,
0.022541847079992294,
-0.0927431732416153,
0.03744345158338547,
-0.014523816294968128,
-0.02442970871925354,
0.029505522921681404,
-0.018788745626807213,
-0.021651189774274826,
-0.0195408146828413,
0.03958785906434059,
0.03247993811964989,
0.0034184306859970093,
0.01070720050483942,
0.04973903298377991,
0.04543256014585495,
0.003133353777229786,
-0.047833044081926346,
-0.01471876073628664,
0.04698058217763901,
0.000970367225818336,
0.007363853044807911,
-0.034410279244184494,
-0.005158380139619112,
0.04837210476398468,
0.030946392565965652,
-0.012264237739145756,
0.009260505437850952,
0.04566402733325958,
0.010175865143537521,
0.041504837572574615,
-0.011695410124957561,
0.0028385664336383343,
-0.12644538283348083,
0.08533424884080887,
0.060478635132312775,
0.008752255700528622,
-0.004843899980187416,
-0.0432005375623703,
0.04219374060630798,
0.05462608113884926,
-0.09585043787956238,
0.06408363580703735,
-0.051169462502002716,
0.04481194168329239,
-0.007995905354619026,
0.025263581424951553,
0.0016555431066080928,
0.010811966843903065,
0.07676089555025101,
0.051872409880161285,
0.019085293635725975,
-0.0050341226160526276,
0.0012978676240891218,
0.01914174295961857,
-0.01517028734087944,
0.053389135748147964,
-0.012300624512135983,
-0.06655742228031158,
0.02045939862728119,
0.01567724719643593,
-0.058334529399871826,
-0.03450850024819374,
0.02383735217154026,
-0.022070197388529778,
-0.08667749911546707,
0.04503343254327774,
0.028178349137306213,
0.027411403134465218,
0.023079324513673782,
0.39030125737190247,
0.008954214863479137,
0.017994537949562073,
-0.11077572405338287,
-0.032482583075761795,
0.007064302917569876,
-0.010313622653484344,
0.01144553255289793,
0.017678022384643555,
-0.0032834208104759455,
0.055156201124191284,
0.07583338022232056,
-0.006914142984896898,
0.017890911549329758,
-0.01523643173277378,
-0.016124585643410683,
-0.03155113384127617,
0.03450798988342285,
-0.006212103646248579,
-0.01734037697315216,
0.02787836641073227,
0.031892649829387665,
0.0015404600417241454,
0.05049891397356987,
-0.028215376660227776,
0.05597829818725586,
0.05528014153242111,
0.03571873903274536,
0.07720127701759338,
0.03884841501712799,
-0.00959636177867651,
0.05138721317052841,
0.030617814511060715,
-0.05110965669155121,
0.013521090149879456,
0.05438900366425514,
-0.017983464524149895,
0.0043351296335458755,
0.029420195147395134,
-0.017256414517760277,
0.01027378998696804,
0.016162140294909477,
0.005108298733830452,
-0.021497860550880432,
-0.06170172989368439,
-0.010312396101653576,
0.0810992419719696,
0.010385989211499691,
-0.030733846127986908,
0.025593295693397522,
-0.0196626428514719,
0.01938471384346485,
0.08619462698698044,
-0.040588583797216415,
0.01993461698293686,
-0.02288135699927807,
0.008633587509393692,
-0.0389944426715374,
-0.037111617624759674,
-0.018385976552963257,
-0.02185879275202751,
-0.08234058320522308,
-0.039095744490623474,
-0.0168932992964983,
0.04931916296482086,
0.02122919075191021,
-0.01666552573442459,
0.009999054484069347,
-0.008788145147264004,
0.043473828583955765,
0.022850053384900093,
-0.021917695179581642,
-0.020162291824817657,
-0.043120622634887695,
-0.028747228905558586,
-0.08432226628065109,
-0.024086635559797287,
-0.031067118048667908,
0.03852136433124542,
0.026790888980031013,
0.029260113835334778,
-0.052181921899318695,
-0.030940497294068336,
0.01869550533592701,
-0.009513476863503456,
0.02155173011124134,
-0.02214835211634636,
-0.07743382453918457,
0.038745131343603134,
0.01805785857141018,
0.023996753618121147,
-0.018502946943044662,
0.00017102128185797483,
-0.038044583052396774,
0.020563552156090736,
-0.016361836344003677,
-0.050576940178871155,
0.032079678028821945,
-0.03119496814906597,
-0.04053378850221634,
0.01167994737625122,
0.08347737789154053,
-0.005439283791929483,
-0.000771804538089782,
0.029855437576770782,
0.030444173142313957,
0.0722680315375328,
0.03625410422682762,
0.01426621526479721,
0.048904672265052795,
-0.042189862579107285,
-0.044763773679733276,
0.00016787240747362375,
-0.038939233869314194,
-0.011231056414544582,
-0.052298653870821,
0.05938444286584854,
-0.015580985695123672,
-0.009891754016280174,
0.029238417744636536,
-0.04983695596456528,
0.04141867905855179,
0.0015813789796084166,
-0.0710659772157669,
-0.31245294213294983,
-0.034260887652635574,
0.029378440231084824,
-0.04057038575410843,
0.00535782054066658,
-0.04657165706157684,
-0.008623238652944565,
-0.06988514959812164,
0.046620287001132965,
-0.006317656487226486,
0.07330294698476791,
0.12132162600755692,
-0.033554621040821075,
-0.06614615023136139,
0.015430720522999763,
0.06026383489370346,
-0.011746138334274292,
0.008785602636635303,
0.05505404621362686,
0.009963274002075195,
0.03413121774792671,
0.004379725083708763,
0.016010351479053497,
0.012325583025813103,
0.012982535175979137,
0.004347872454673052,
0.10710210353136063,
0.04035366699099541,
-0.010577627457678318,
0.028746411204338074,
0.011641115881502628,
0.04052935913205147,
0.0201204065233469,
-0.02446580119431019,
-0.054816097021102905,
-0.015424763783812523,
-0.031061317771673203,
-0.01702297106385231,
0.028061266988515854,
0.041495271027088165,
-0.020628128200769424,
0.05417475476861,
-0.03251837193965912,
-0.06239951774477959,
-0.001235476229339838,
0.01760992966592312,
0.04773511365056038,
0.08500467985868454,
-0.013289501890540123,
-0.0007457881001755595,
0.008666851557791233,
-0.037804219871759415,
0.036867380142211914,
0.012625990435481071,
0.04236100614070892,
0.03888774663209915,
-0.027860194444656372,
-0.008047621697187424,
-0.08685719221830368,
0.008103283122181892,
-0.020736631006002426,
0.02543465793132782,
-0.0100035909563303,
0.03239993751049042,
-0.03222518414258957,
0.05121208354830742,
0.028163762763142586,
-0.026235152035951614,
0.0055807544849812984,
-0.03551715984940529,
-0.023404598236083984,
0.11468007415533066,
0.026215355843305588,
0.047594357281923294,
0.032737232744693756,
0.043307315558195114,
-0.040383655577898026,
-0.05284877121448517,
-0.09834574162960052,
0.010323550552129745,
-0.00342240440659225,
-0.022418025881052017,
0.02982688881456852,
-0.015302909538149834,
0.0343349315226078,
0.003945373464375734,
0.04611913114786148,
-0.00876868050545454,
0.016393499448895454,
0.011403653770685196,
-0.004682701081037521,
-0.0011813273886218667,
0.005194489844143391,
-0.04582846164703369,
0.04143154248595238,
-0.0659947544336319,
-0.27059733867645264,
-0.021742450073361397,
0.04999132081866264,
-0.025341980159282684,
-0.07387153059244156,
-0.03471997752785683,
0.03165993094444275,
-0.045308928936719894,
-0.0658804401755333,
0.05070674046874046,
0.03436634689569473,
0.062077563256025314,
0.02905825711786747,
0.03416753187775612,
-0.03653144836425781,
0.009448247961699963,
0.036151595413684845,
-0.013565816916525364,
-0.00662573054432869,
-0.021186472848057747,
0.02854069508612156,
-0.06578098237514496,
0.12785008549690247,
-0.023610614240169525,
0.011506807059049606,
0.048007696866989136,
-0.0273821372538805,
0.0053117540664970875,
-0.06189794838428497,
-0.014762318693101406,
0.0434279702603817,
-0.01862405240535736,
0.07096435874700546,
0.006520479917526245,
-0.0369570255279541,
0.005882172845304012,
-0.04404236376285553,
0.023512667044997215,
0.014038147404789925,
-0.00891992449760437,
-0.04345495253801346,
0.028469832614064217,
-0.066524438560009,
-0.03476531058549881,
0.062245771288871765,
-0.10761010646820068,
-0.01501828245818615,
-0.08566803485155106,
0.022756729274988174,
-0.02583502233028412,
-0.030505483970046043,
-0.006301586981862783,
0.03608269244432449,
0.006831126753240824,
-0.0025915734004229307,
-0.04269515722990036,
-0.016046546399593353,
-0.02098464034497738,
-0.0023878016509115696,
0.03714780509471893,
-0.006631659343838692,
-0.026637306436896324,
-0.02682746946811676,
0.0870390310883522,
0.020977023988962173
] |
PMID:6597 | Two distinct cellular patterns in cutaneous necrotizing angiitis. | Two distinct cellular patterns of necrotizing angiitis involving venules in skin of patients with clinically identical cutaneous lesions were appreciated by the 1 -mum-thick section technique. In those individuals with serum hypocomplementemia, there was a perivenular inflitrate composed predominantly of neutrophils with fibrin deposition and nuclear debris. In patients with normal serum complement levels, in addition to an infiltrate of neutrophils and fibrin deposition, perivenular lymphocytes in various stages of activation were prominent. In both patterns the venules and not the arterioles were affected, mast cells exhibited various degrees of hypogranulation, and basophils and eosinophils were recognized only rarely. Lesions of different clinical age obtained from one hypocomplelmentemic patient and one normocomplementemic patient exhibited consistent cellular patterns, as did a single crop of lesions biopsied twice, 24 hr apart, in a patient with hypocomplementemia. No patient with hypocomplementemia became normocomplementemic or vice versa with persistence of lesions. | Two distinct cellular patterns in cutaneous necrotizing angiitis. Two distinct cellular patterns of necrotizing angiitis involving venules in skin of patients with clinically identical cutaneous lesions were appreciated by the 1 -mum-thick section technique. In those individuals with serum hypocomplementemia, there was a perivenular inflitrate composed predominantly of neutrophils with fibrin deposition and nuclear debris. In patients with normal serum complement levels, in addition to an infiltrate of neutrophils and fibrin deposition, perivenular lymphocytes in various stages of activation were prominent. In both patterns the venules and not the arterioles were affected, mast cells exhibited various degrees of hypogranulation, and basophils and eosinophils were recognized only rarely. Lesions of different clinical age obtained from one hypocomplelmentemic patient and one normocomplementemic patient exhibited consistent cellular patterns, as did a single crop of lesions biopsied twice, 24 hr apart, in a patient with hypocomplementemia. No patient with hypocomplementemia became normocomplementemic or vice versa with persistence of lesions. | [
-0.04137798398733139,
0.01877478137612343,
-0.015217691659927368,
0.024873942136764526,
-0.0048323445953428745,
-0.002979916287586093,
0.07361066341400146,
0.03523296117782593,
0.01715806871652603,
-0.014861389994621277,
-0.039794716984033585,
-0.07169317454099655,
0.04452250525355339,
0.0026743565686047077,
-0.02255082316696644,
-0.056737225502729416,
0.003029570449143648,
0.013481461443006992,
-0.11189340054988861,
0.013617069460451603,
-0.01953950896859169,
-0.0434228852391243,
0.04720315709710121,
-0.0017681766767054796,
0.060988668352365494,
0.024849122390151024,
0.05082704871892929,
-0.006548745557665825,
-0.027827421203255653,
-0.20494718849658966,
-0.017763329669833183,
-0.0182871725410223,
-0.0378246009349823,
0.011322916485369205,
0.009099244140088558,
-0.03668266162276268,
-0.031322333961725235,
0.040399011224508286,
-0.0039919158443808556,
0.0356127955019474,
0.02748449705541134,
0.010047636926174164,
-0.012997513636946678,
0.021612687036395073,
0.005878126248717308,
-0.016024844720959663,
-0.030943024903535843,
0.03136202692985535,
0.09320629388093948,
0.018699301406741142,
-0.0007013131398707628,
-0.05864400416612625,
0.025667572394013405,
0.07408615946769714,
0.008930860087275505,
-0.020340939983725548,
-0.01636582240462303,
0.039848193526268005,
0.020550645887851715,
-0.010424082167446613,
0.03148068115115166,
-0.018364207819104195,
-0.09160325676202774,
0.09349509328603745,
0.0731324851512909,
-0.04604538530111313,
-0.03773322328925133,
-0.05686221644282341,
0.03945724666118622,
0.01163814589381218,
-0.00837976299226284,
0.04392411932349205,
-0.028578901663422585,
0.013861590065062046,
0.005188210867345333,
-0.04118919000029564,
-0.016071468591690063,
0.0007011275156401098,
-0.018049029633402824,
0.053580328822135925,
-0.03084135428071022,
0.053250573575496674,
-0.014215969480574131,
-0.005097405984997749,
-0.03546178340911865,
-0.03627578541636467,
-0.042770396918058395,
-0.09895734488964081,
-0.027792243286967278,
0.0027938850689679384,
-0.02312769554555416,
-0.0070596602745354176,
-0.05762782692909241,
0.031651586294174194,
-0.05342940613627434,
-0.039158910512924194,
-0.0013962057419121265,
-0.023840995505452156,
0.013237508945167065,
0.4048217236995697,
-0.03510857746005058,
-0.03495490550994873,
-0.02528327703475952,
0.029252778738737106,
0.042482662945985794,
-0.0222605150192976,
-0.00994883943349123,
-0.07275531440973282,
-0.054299961775541306,
0.03835320845246315,
0.012994500808417797,
0.004464557394385338,
-0.016266174614429474,
-0.04908851161599159,
0.01152814645320177,
-0.019944509491324425,
0.07013707607984543,
0.033131394535303116,
-0.036848973482847214,
0.09536352753639221,
0.04403660073876381,
-0.040097154676914215,
-0.005288397893309593,
-0.01393185369670391,
0.058413781225681305,
0.02568264678120613,
0.01757879927754402,
0.09116099029779434,
0.06758733838796616,
-0.03761536255478859,
0.04066010192036629,
0.05447456240653992,
-0.0006143488571979105,
0.006565569434314966,
-0.027407817542552948,
-0.036514751613140106,
0.008222502656280994,
-0.0011935420334339142,
0.005370204336941242,
0.020575229078531265,
-0.026447778567671776,
-0.04828214645385742,
-0.0011804165551438928,
-0.058647271245718,
-0.023552697151899338,
0.08223964273929596,
-0.042322151362895966,
0.04135272651910782,
0.012378034181892872,
0.015428364276885986,
0.02327982522547245,
0.027347389608621597,
-0.006848510820418596,
0.07552129775285721,
0.012604551389813423,
0.014244132675230503,
-0.03169241547584534,
-0.006976939272135496,
0.0467136912047863,
-0.015350446105003357,
0.05077633261680603,
-0.026861539110541344,
0.008955128490924835,
0.07759232074022293,
0.011202959343791008,
-0.033981192857027054,
-0.01000102236866951,
-0.04082028195261955,
0.02909809723496437,
-0.027063367888331413,
-0.006773688364773989,
0.04750805348157883,
0.032730307430028915,
0.024111861363053322,
0.015646403655409813,
0.06817232817411423,
-0.018364781513810158,
-0.04905308037996292,
-0.0007933457964099944,
0.008112109266221523,
-0.019242290407419205,
0.03978217765688896,
-0.012870575301349163,
0.03147570788860321,
-0.017108691856265068,
-0.009620726108551025,
-0.03324709087610245,
0.02774275280535221,
0.04395608976483345,
-0.021709300577640533,
-0.03470809757709503,
-0.018540281802415848,
-0.08530674129724503,
-0.005148332100361586,
-0.021543320268392563,
-0.013816186226904392,
0.024343473836779594,
-0.0029064854606986046,
-0.02652658522129059,
-0.032824814319610596,
0.08459103852510452,
0.02141895890235901,
0.0515788272023201,
0.012775511480867863,
0.03369868919253349,
0.07584520429372787,
-0.03152606636285782,
-0.024270430207252502,
0.037654269486665726,
-0.02846815064549446,
-0.050140686333179474,
0.0389973446726799,
-0.031778763979673386,
-0.01649957150220871,
-0.012922928668558598,
0.007112246006727219,
-0.02453511208295822,
0.011757373809814453,
0.03859052434563637,
0.009939580224454403,
0.008290438912808895,
0.005403968505561352,
-0.044568099081516266,
-0.3032367527484894,
-0.0480189211666584,
0.007214837707579136,
-0.09448674321174622,
-0.03265891969203949,
-0.008314798586070538,
0.04307456687092781,
-0.029287423938512802,
0.022254563868045807,
-0.02795415185391903,
0.04392138868570328,
0.09487167745828629,
-0.04849289357662201,
-0.07871134579181671,
0.0510651133954525,
0.103192038834095,
0.027120672166347504,
-0.05400814861059189,
0.04955421760678291,
0.016682710498571396,
0.0012369619216769934,
-0.03583628311753273,
-0.034488677978515625,
0.0589996799826622,
0.07756589353084564,
0.01757175847887993,
0.12098240852355957,
0.005434808786958456,
-0.02733660489320755,
-0.10608701407909393,
-0.023072313517332077,
0.06646157056093216,
-0.024448897689580917,
-0.014494629576802254,
-0.008463620208203793,
-0.04242590814828873,
-0.027646174654364586,
0.02345077507197857,
0.0063871960155665874,
-0.011628249660134315,
-0.04408338665962219,
-0.00102111860178411,
-0.007246996741741896,
-0.02720227837562561,
-0.0106668621301651,
0.025498569011688232,
-0.018479080870747566,
0.019663026556372643,
-0.00906282477080822,
0.0006300300592556596,
0.012770023196935654,
-0.07196962833404541,
-0.028700929135084152,
0.042183421552181244,
0.018072744831442833,
-0.005121041089296341,
-0.04589065909385681,
0.012256444431841373,
-0.1034926325082779,
-0.013586857356131077,
0.010765857063233852,
-0.008483177050948143,
0.04863198846578598,
-0.041449639946222305,
-0.03380551189184189,
0.014930683188140392,
0.05583899840712547,
-0.03137271851301193,
0.07885313779115677,
-0.004545054864138365,
0.016887549310922623,
0.11472838371992111,
-0.011371727101504803,
-0.05208343267440796,
0.0028159369248896837,
0.015146180056035519,
0.028169602155685425,
0.013053436763584614,
-0.04324384406208992,
0.02761003188788891,
0.09281615167856216,
-0.08465371280908585,
0.026252636685967445,
0.0030541697051376104,
-0.03780769184231758,
0.06352323293685913,
0.031745344400405884,
-0.031949885189533234,
-0.010933536104857922,
0.012060651555657387,
-0.013305320404469967,
0.00017601069703232497,
-0.018228473141789436,
0.02756013348698616,
0.00022303902369458228,
-0.03062567114830017,
-0.265184611082077,
0.02033773437142372,
0.029855413362383842,
0.004060396458953619,
-0.005419974680989981,
-0.03158493712544441,
0.025198383256793022,
-0.030878402292728424,
0.031789422035217285,
0.028434915468096733,
0.08711699396371841,
-0.01329055055975914,
0.06369566917419434,
0.019472256302833557,
-0.02458578534424305,
-0.0011271255789324641,
0.05030915513634682,
-0.01722840592265129,
-0.007928735576570034,
-0.06015295162796974,
0.0033259328920394182,
-0.10995343327522278,
0.189419224858284,
-0.008703413419425488,
-0.025044744834303856,
0.023047344759106636,
0.03300809860229492,
0.02946316823363304,
-0.030890611931681633,
0.007783126551657915,
0.022868918254971504,
-0.016544857993721962,
0.03733516111969948,
0.056903790682554245,
0.016395818442106247,
0.01794690452516079,
-0.007212431635707617,
0.046185363084077835,
-0.017738396301865578,
0.026058008894324303,
-0.0006977244047448039,
-0.021896574646234512,
-0.029834752902388573,
-0.026896735653281212,
0.0036946902982890606,
-0.04315360262989998,
-0.022890478372573853,
-0.0301950853317976,
0.016007382422685623,
0.01951109617948532,
-0.06742978096008301,
-0.025246532633900642,
0.04659906029701233,
0.006880383938550949,
0.020609894767403603,
-0.03859521821141243,
-0.0017083993880078197,
-0.04119876027107239,
0.031411152333021164,
0.012766010127961636,
0.02216261252760887,
0.0026585960295051336,
-0.08388234674930573,
0.08355363458395004,
0.013056334108114243
] |
PMID:6598 | Effect of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate on genital lesions and encephalitis induced by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 in female mice. | 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate, administered orally or topically, increased the number of survivors and mean day of death in mice inoculated intravaginally with Herpesvirus hominis type 2. Topical application of the drug in ointment significantly reduced the severity of genital lesions. Orally administered drug did not appreciably reduce genital lesions, but it did cause significant increases in the number of survivors and mean day of death, even when administration was started as late as three days after inoculation of virus. Drug applied both topically and orally was more effective than drug applied by either route along. For topical application an ointment was found to be a better vehicle than polyvinyl alcohol or dimethysulfoxide. In some circumstances the vehicle of drug administration itself had some efficacy. | Effect of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate on genital lesions and encephalitis induced by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 in female mice. 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate, administered orally or topically, increased the number of survivors and mean day of death in mice inoculated intravaginally with Herpesvirus hominis type 2. Topical application of the drug in ointment significantly reduced the severity of genital lesions. Orally administered drug did not appreciably reduce genital lesions, but it did cause significant increases in the number of survivors and mean day of death, even when administration was started as late as three days after inoculation of virus. Drug applied both topically and orally was more effective than drug applied by either route along. For topical application an ointment was found to be a better vehicle than polyvinyl alcohol or dimethysulfoxide. In some circumstances the vehicle of drug administration itself had some efficacy. | [
0.03395300731062889,
-0.0118742436170578,
0.02285699173808098,
-0.0050900098867714405,
0.013705587014555931,
0.02337215282022953,
0.04408681020140648,
0.066510409116745,
-0.03104354999959469,
-0.0029888865537941456,
0.014424650929868221,
-0.04556049406528473,
0.005305733066052198,
0.008403865620493889,
-0.06628821790218353,
-0.03615174442529678,
-0.0021317775826901197,
-0.009394609369337559,
-0.05089735984802246,
0.045145586133003235,
-0.018171867355704308,
-0.07651068270206451,
-0.03414645418524742,
-0.05303289368748665,
0.006464142818003893,
-0.07002358138561249,
0.0012572453124448657,
0.05367802456021309,
-0.036506421864032745,
-0.19814102351665497,
-0.03378279134631157,
-0.01757355034351349,
-0.01667850837111473,
-0.038586489856243134,
-0.0417838878929615,
0.006082582753151655,
-0.00942847691476345,
-0.00854809582233429,
-0.03127609193325043,
0.03638022765517235,
0.02314472571015358,
0.020817991346120834,
-0.048027586191892624,
0.01424581091850996,
-0.013020467944443226,
-0.024722810834646225,
-0.04282255843281746,
-0.04665655270218849,
0.10402686893939972,
0.013499205932021141,
0.020979074761271477,
-0.05442574992775917,
0.04179593548178673,
0.02024981565773487,
0.027595123276114464,
-0.028473423793911934,
0.024813976138830185,
0.036674465984106064,
-0.05975431203842163,
0.02823597379028797,
-0.03731543943285942,
0.0319829061627388,
-0.17466826736927032,
0.09116105735301971,
0.01742802932858467,
-0.01951654814183712,
-0.012319047935307026,
-0.03938538208603859,
0.04507727548480034,
0.05712716281414032,
-0.0958176702260971,
0.01840776950120926,
0.00045266468077898026,
0.0179191455245018,
-0.012256058864295483,
-0.015639787539839745,
0.024832718074321747,
-0.020114975050091743,
0.04894811660051346,
-0.043407611548900604,
0.01753927953541279,
-0.0016346013871952891,
-0.00013969563588034362,
-0.07176512479782104,
0.0018479288555681705,
-0.0166606567800045,
-0.031509313732385635,
-0.0064538829028606415,
0.020465103909373283,
-0.0029574225191026926,
0.053891465067863464,
0.043099258095026016,
-0.029475757852196693,
-0.05670422688126564,
-0.03561000898480415,
0.034985434263944626,
0.0010625759605318308,
-0.04212987795472145,
0.03656869754195213,
0.3566656708717346,
0.014264416880905628,
0.0050589959137141705,
-0.07017680257558823,
-0.02633495256304741,
0.06479751318693161,
0.024684740230441093,
-0.029671598225831985,
-0.029807858169078827,
-0.04476561024785042,
0.034405674785375595,
0.05193590745329857,
0.03968091681599617,
0.03818650171160698,
0.012797044590115547,
-0.04496185481548309,
-0.03663809224963188,
0.08408460766077042,
0.025834228843450546,
-0.03275519981980324,
0.024967918172478676,
-0.00947627518326044,
-0.046251628547906876,
0.04104852303862572,
0.023626776412129402,
0.0670957937836647,
0.05253304913640022,
0.02729998156428337,
0.08898299187421799,
0.0034916670992970467,
0.03919336199760437,
0.001564700622111559,
-0.028285430744290352,
-0.0007400101749226451,
0.023063022643327713,
0.02401134744286537,
0.005587136372923851,
0.028400305658578873,
0.009963838383555412,
0.0052369642071425915,
0.001425991766154766,
-0.00898379273712635,
0.0000019887597773049492,
-0.02774627134203911,
-0.06890089064836502,
-0.003972987178713083,
0.09199166297912598,
0.01729627512395382,
0.010810734704136848,
0.0066161747090518475,
0.02805616892874241,
0.03300247713923454,
0.0784553810954094,
-0.04008898511528969,
0.037923455238342285,
-0.05743405967950821,
0.04370010644197464,
0.020296473056077957,
-0.03751753270626068,
-0.04855553060770035,
0.032308489084243774,
-0.022451790049672127,
-0.0014257896691560745,
0.0035526540596038103,
0.09607888013124466,
-0.047356016933918,
-0.020085763186216354,
-0.03880208730697632,
0.004238422028720379,
0.030460957437753677,
0.006957485340535641,
0.039670590311288834,
0.00040633571916259825,
0.0435570552945137,
-0.046515222638845444,
-0.05728525668382645,
-0.018851639702916145,
-0.0007075831526890397,
-0.016341956332325935,
0.05068673938512802,
0.027375081554055214,
0.0517326295375824,
0.011732978746294975,
-0.043060414493083954,
-0.029042471200227737,
0.029352573677897453,
-0.00922523345798254,
-0.07313096523284912,
0.04210822284221649,
0.04795335978269577,
-0.005892452318221331,
-0.003104771953076124,
0.005796811077743769,
-0.03491893410682678,
-0.05700339376926422,
0.07172566652297974,
-0.008707201108336449,
-0.04614289849996567,
0.029352622106671333,
-0.016771139577031136,
-0.002177678281441331,
0.05154833570122719,
0.01783841848373413,
0.05663599446415901,
0.058885470032691956,
0.0086793452501297,
0.0782199501991272,
0.011132020503282547,
-0.03561681881546974,
0.04225827753543854,
-0.05167600139975548,
-0.04593347758054733,
-0.0036788166034966707,
0.015432396903634071,
0.02387932874262333,
-0.05203681066632271,
0.09748758375644684,
-0.029338011518120766,
0.02128750830888748,
0.061406780034303665,
-0.013910450041294098,
0.04311004653573036,
0.012635700404644012,
-0.023618903011083603,
-0.3155830502510071,
-0.0400998517870903,
-0.009494442492723465,
0.00918479636311531,
0.03967173025012016,
-0.07928293198347092,
-0.012064100243151188,
-0.0604240745306015,
0.02669641003012657,
-0.04997734725475311,
0.06602887064218521,
0.09928986430168152,
-0.01672063022851944,
-0.04912903159856796,
-0.05184495821595192,
0.05652158707380295,
0.03278958797454834,
-0.019615665078163147,
0.008583679795265198,
0.02831360138952732,
-0.010151456110179424,
-0.026627128943800926,
0.02925424464046955,
0.04729695990681648,
0.06121928244829178,
-0.04831598326563835,
0.0934184268116951,
0.03750959038734436,
0.02022015117108822,
-0.010004229843616486,
0.011659293435513973,
0.09417542815208435,
-0.00595900509506464,
-0.12124214321374893,
-0.008186373859643936,
-0.0179150328040123,
0.03471650928258896,
-0.025306012481451035,
-0.006236282177269459,
0.0033774678595364094,
-0.04335451498627663,
0.006626457441598177,
0.022448891773819923,
-0.006513217929750681,
-0.025355247780680656,
-0.005549974273890257,
0.02590574510395527,
0.00021609722170978785,
0.0063860733062028885,
0.012143162079155445,
0.01693173684179783,
0.007455463986843824,
0.029882416129112244,
0.009648607112467289,
0.02933332324028015,
-0.03384413942694664,
-0.08643350750207901,
-0.03815116733312607,
-0.0514695979654789,
-0.029848502948880196,
-0.011753623373806477,
-0.00139424588996917,
0.026583034545183182,
-0.0537993460893631,
-0.010847552679479122,
-0.04439396783709526,
0.02167884260416031,
-0.050035808235406876,
0.06526561826467514,
0.010620098561048508,
-0.014167126268148422,
0.12442417442798615,
-0.0853256955742836,
0.007286000531166792,
0.028017697855830193,
-0.0059632807970047,
-0.005327930673956871,
-0.02428135834634304,
-0.08515913039445877,
-0.03527413681149483,
-0.0016528541455045342,
-0.05432979017496109,
0.023349866271018982,
0.02953849919140339,
-0.02442425861954689,
0.013020986691117287,
-0.003324933350086212,
0.001312337233684957,
0.032615650445222855,
0.007299244869500399,
0.010645770467817783,
-0.06465766578912735,
0.020429087802767754,
0.004243248142302036,
0.018282415345311165,
0.029604686424136162,
-0.3133256733417511,
0.004963875748217106,
-0.010169203393161297,
0.04213402047753334,
-0.07020439952611923,
-0.012069485150277615,
-0.0029411842115223408,
-0.04240303486585617,
-0.04557507857680321,
0.005918116774410009,
0.031549181789159775,
0.02766258455812931,
0.0629224181175232,
0.043437112122774124,
-0.020992251113057137,
-0.022786950692534447,
0.04759974405169487,
0.01300674770027399,
-0.02931234799325466,
-0.04637211188673973,
0.020654426887631416,
-0.03113958053290844,
0.11667373776435852,
0.027210507541894913,
-0.04014463350176811,
0.013346349820494652,
0.0013332332018762827,
0.0450625941157341,
-0.01987726241350174,
0.006402967032045126,
-0.05954212322831154,
0.00008080660336418077,
0.07013998925685883,
0.026281820610165596,
0.018902527168393135,
0.02617698721587658,
-0.037567317485809326,
-0.008348168805241585,
0.03981582075357437,
0.03466859832406044,
-0.04756499454379082,
0.038175068795681,
-0.025267185643315315,
0.006298367865383625,
0.04655050113797188,
-0.09375671297311783,
0.008992449380457401,
-0.06124396249651909,
0.007729911245405674,
0.04343000426888466,
0.03844786435365677,
-0.02934238128364086,
0.041875842958688736,
0.044033464044332504,
0.006293996702879667,
-0.01966807246208191,
-0.02423904463648796,
-0.01748540624976158,
0.04575260356068611,
-0.006441937293857336,
0.026396440342068672,
-0.0074587189592421055,
-0.029077017679810524,
0.11000584065914154,
0.024601837620139122
] |
PMID:6600 | Histamine metabolism. I. Thin-layer radiochromatographic assays for histaminase and histidine decarboxylase enzyme activities. | Thin-layer radiochromatographic methods for the measurement of histaminase and histidine decarboxylase activities have been developed. The assays are specific for the respective enzymes, are sensitive and reproducible, and can be performed using commercially available substrates. The histaminase assay permits determination of enzyme activity from 2.5 mul of pregnancy sera, 1-2 X 10(6) human granulocytes, and microgram quantities of partially purified human placenta histaminase with an error of less than 5 per cent. The histidine decarboxylase assay permits measurement of nanogram quantities of newly formed histamine from as few as 2 X 10(4) rat peritoneal mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells with an error of less than 5 per cent. | Histamine metabolism. I. Thin-layer radiochromatographic assays for histaminase and histidine decarboxylase enzyme activities. Thin-layer radiochromatographic methods for the measurement of histaminase and histidine decarboxylase activities have been developed. The assays are specific for the respective enzymes, are sensitive and reproducible, and can be performed using commercially available substrates. The histaminase assay permits determination of enzyme activity from 2.5 mul of pregnancy sera, 1-2 X 10(6) human granulocytes, and microgram quantities of partially purified human placenta histaminase with an error of less than 5 per cent. The histidine decarboxylase assay permits measurement of nanogram quantities of newly formed histamine from as few as 2 X 10(4) rat peritoneal mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells with an error of less than 5 per cent. | [
-0.023250525817275047,
-0.02446586638689041,
-0.0066637261770665646,
0.010415934026241302,
-0.007605839986354113,
0.003285177517682314,
0.07771187275648117,
0.031083356589078903,
-0.08144915103912354,
-0.021594731137156487,
-0.005973292049020529,
-0.07534700632095337,
0.03203759714961052,
0.03207913786172867,
-0.02297288365662098,
-0.03904696926474571,
-0.0272515881806612,
0.013016587123274803,
-0.05755820497870445,
-0.025968583300709724,
-0.00569033483043313,
0.04678432643413544,
0.03915875405073166,
-0.024157220497727394,
0.05045565962791443,
0.012886833399534225,
-0.038306910544633865,
-0.016837850213050842,
-0.09907688200473785,
-0.13572844862937927,
0.0198376327753067,
-0.04727867618203163,
0.10116305947303772,
-0.011826783418655396,
0.027209993451833725,
-0.01943058706820011,
-0.00024155790742952377,
-0.011182001791894436,
0.012601812370121479,
0.038234926760196686,
0.00602417066693306,
-0.009468537755310535,
0.026471514254808426,
0.00898674689233303,
-0.019068807363510132,
0.054888010025024414,
-0.07937398552894592,
-0.0011241869069635868,
0.040092889219522476,
-0.010349930264055729,
-0.006246386561542749,
-0.004838176071643829,
0.02373291738331318,
0.016420817002654076,
0.00966284703463316,
-0.023340821266174316,
0.009441363625228405,
0.051577914506196976,
-0.03349749371409416,
0.06188541278243065,
0.011541005223989487,
0.03720482811331749,
-0.1559334695339203,
0.06152452528476715,
0.06827288866043091,
-0.03243788704276085,
-0.00010735699470387772,
-0.07000382989645004,
0.028924686834216118,
0.043328531086444855,
-0.027787085622549057,
0.03943458944559097,
0.0037791477516293526,
0.03981230780482292,
-0.006555789615958929,
-0.03992095962166786,
0.0237402506172657,
0.027463102713227272,
0.0516885481774807,
0.03671324998140335,
-0.0640208050608635,
0.013803480193018913,
0.05801772698760033,
0.0010069187264889479,
0.02039523608982563,
-0.0177446361631155,
-0.03584756702184677,
-0.0038715540431439877,
0.04238853603601456,
-0.023648079484701157,
-0.046212684363126755,
-0.06206734478473663,
-0.002687390660867095,
-0.025440117344260216,
-0.06723348796367645,
0.0011264951899647713,
0.04382483288645744,
-0.029010405763983727,
-0.024767130613327026,
0.36878448724746704,
-0.007248254958540201,
-0.02464607171714306,
-0.07727313041687012,
0.005573904607445002,
-0.057008225470781326,
-0.0020985244773328304,
-0.05905834585428238,
-0.0194241926074028,
-0.03750758245587349,
0.028538813814520836,
0.06891866028308868,
0.0447719506919384,
0.00283220037817955,
-0.05757317319512367,
0.04646460711956024,
-0.006176694296300411,
0.037734344601631165,
0.06973211467266083,
-0.028399303555488586,
0.07509150356054306,
0.025087954476475716,
-0.07388294488191605,
-0.02747158333659172,
-0.04169408604502678,
0.034994225949048996,
0.004833253100514412,
0.0022168741561472416,
0.0751059427857399,
0.07144832611083984,
0.01616346463561058,
0.04570862278342247,
0.03403631970286369,
-0.04294460266828537,
0.020726477727293968,
-0.01860249787569046,
-0.039080943912267685,
0.058079302310943604,
-0.005730130709707737,
0.04611138626933098,
0.03702019527554512,
-0.047788552939891815,
-0.04499725252389908,
-0.033688388764858246,
-0.047954291105270386,
-0.08753784745931625,
0.07843806594610214,
0.03724485635757446,
0.030084554105997086,
0.0225759856402874,
-0.04077824205160141,
0.05095142498612404,
0.03063322603702545,
-0.007136897649616003,
0.027723440900444984,
0.004021589178591967,
0.0006070734816603363,
-0.015535675920546055,
-0.027559883892536163,
0.02552862837910652,
0.03392573073506355,
-0.07342647016048431,
-0.030755028128623962,
0.003896513255313039,
0.04734162613749504,
-0.00595242390409112,
-0.01457990612834692,
-0.04327220842242241,
0.03545977920293808,
0.040716808289289474,
-0.021041858941316605,
0.01003189105540514,
0.018492037430405617,
-0.06053786352276802,
-0.011791209690272808,
-0.045456111431121826,
0.004661228507757187,
0.05952675640583038,
0.08912281692028046,
0.037969011813402176,
0.049073949456214905,
0.03949952870607376,
-0.031293656677007675,
-0.050935402512550354,
-0.0029885349795222282,
-0.014677121303975582,
0.0052964454516768456,
-0.005158808548003435,
0.034383006393909454,
0.11290021240711212,
0.05154407024383545,
-0.06540095806121826,
-0.008119579404592514,
-0.05095965415239334,
0.028522241860628128,
0.04805681109428406,
-0.03952137380838394,
0.013496018946170807,
0.03628230094909668,
0.004877550061792135,
0.0032713848631829023,
0.1267767697572708,
0.03221955895423889,
0.025559471920132637,
0.07237831503152847,
0.018118226900696754,
0.04095057398080826,
0.012487602420151234,
0.01167212426662445,
0.08928637951612473,
0.04235905036330223,
-0.046943217515945435,
0.059051282703876495,
-0.035711780190467834,
-0.022560061886906624,
-0.07660683244466782,
0.03915488347411156,
0.02856183424592018,
-0.024223964661359787,
0.04740077629685402,
0.017820807173848152,
-0.003980179782956839,
-0.00907681230455637,
-0.01556082908064127,
-0.2746826112270355,
-0.03070998750627041,
0.027538040652871132,
-0.05868106335401535,
-0.01062850933521986,
-0.04289047792553902,
-0.015084708109498024,
-0.04675602912902832,
0.040453970432281494,
-0.0680798888206482,
0.062442049384117126,
0.030089104548096657,
-0.02617865614593029,
-0.07552213221788406,
0.07203187793493271,
0.06412812322378159,
-0.00473560718819499,
-0.02131148800253868,
0.04774627089500427,
0.010696407407522202,
0.004920326638966799,
-0.042595114558935165,
0.04621366411447525,
-0.03722692281007767,
0.0684148445725441,
-0.014143373817205429,
0.12256105244159698,
-0.015269597060978413,
0.016936641186475754,
-0.05377550423145294,
-0.01786257140338421,
0.009934593923389912,
-0.03192596137523651,
-0.053777989000082016,
-0.04764122888445854,
-0.024211373180150986,
-0.08149969577789307,
-0.006212068255990744,
0.005318134091794491,
-0.03354288265109062,
-0.03749210759997368,
-0.019064556807279587,
0.04260345175862312,
-0.08634030818939209,
-0.025592120364308357,
-0.030547332018613815,
-0.013127399608492851,
-0.05674438178539276,
0.021275371313095093,
-0.09887091815471649,
0.012273657135665417,
-0.023912468925118446,
0.017611224204301834,
-0.0033182173501700163,
-0.02858549728989601,
0.0028270946349948645,
-0.03240542113780975,
-0.0072111026383936405,
-0.05903335288167,
0.013936123810708523,
-0.009812302887439728,
0.031075378879904747,
-0.008086076937615871,
0.05146646127104759,
-0.027096636593341827,
0.014801319688558578,
0.016617899760603905,
-0.0702383816242218,
0.06330254673957825,
0.028948377817869186,
0.02548719383776188,
0.13453224301338196,
-0.08209113031625748,
-0.009494605474174023,
0.0708559900522232,
0.03519207611680031,
-0.0028444952331483364,
-0.05017244815826416,
-0.05328446999192238,
0.04131484776735306,
0.013397341594099998,
-0.01164904423058033,
0.04529218375682831,
0.004248844925314188,
0.009693163447082043,
0.0732959657907486,
0.05366476625204086,
0.004888104274868965,
-0.00870572216808796,
0.004554173909127712,
0.04621870815753937,
0.058071237057447433,
-0.013558963313698769,
-0.04609714820981026,
-0.01507655717432499,
0.02781776711344719,
-0.24723637104034424,
0.03417419269680977,
-0.03913343325257301,
-0.024004070088267326,
-0.03502847999334335,
-0.07123309373855591,
0.03875342756509781,
0.027414044365286827,
0.024129629135131836,
-0.0016614963533356786,
0.00344985444098711,
0.007001019082963467,
0.06067170947790146,
0.02085481770336628,
0.0075121670961380005,
-0.009533384814858437,
0.038355059921741486,
-0.00016143872926477343,
0.024670381098985672,
-0.029903119429945946,
0.02946864627301693,
-0.062063004821538925,
0.1282082051038742,
0.04489640146493912,
-0.023778973147273064,
0.0496986098587513,
0.017484689131379128,
-0.02978181093931198,
-0.012170076370239258,
0.02632294036448002,
0.023348044604063034,
-0.03871654346585274,
0.06770812720060349,
-0.02627885900437832,
-0.024270104244351387,
0.011829474940896034,
-0.00021227666002232581,
0.016072947531938553,
-0.08458178490400314,
0.03799508139491081,
-0.020152412354946136,
-0.007395619992166758,
-0.09730102866888046,
-0.05151677504181862,
0.03696371987462044,
-0.08507116138935089,
-0.09382938593626022,
-0.07142113894224167,
0.005075712222605944,
-0.003147601382806897,
-0.04133584350347519,
-0.022418683394789696,
0.017460787668824196,
-0.00940348207950592,
0.02609146758913994,
0.04034172371029854,
-0.005328471306711435,
-0.029310205951333046,
-0.034850481897592545,
-0.01563587784767151,
0.018015490844845772,
0.0222109816968441,
-0.04298273101449013,
0.07860995829105377,
0.051781926304101944
] |
PMID:6601 | Effect of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy charge of the perfused guinea pig liver. | The effect of insulin was investigated in the isolated guinea pig liver perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing red blood cells and albumin. In the mitochondria isolated from livers perfused with 10 units of insulin per hour, the phosphorylative activity with glutamate as a substrate increased to about 160 per cent of control 60 minutes after the beginning of perfusion (p less than 0.01). Such an enhanced phosphorylative activity was accompanied by increases in the respiratory control ratio, state 3 respiration, and P/O ratio. On the other hand, in the liver perfused with insulin, the levels of the energy charge and adenine nucleotide quotient increased to a significant degree as compared to the liver without insulin (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). It is suggested that insulin plays an important role as a portal factor in regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the levels of the phosphorylated adenine nucleotides. | Effect of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy charge of the perfused guinea pig liver. The effect of insulin was investigated in the isolated guinea pig liver perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing red blood cells and albumin. In the mitochondria isolated from livers perfused with 10 units of insulin per hour, the phosphorylative activity with glutamate as a substrate increased to about 160 per cent of control 60 minutes after the beginning of perfusion (p less than 0.01). Such an enhanced phosphorylative activity was accompanied by increases in the respiratory control ratio, state 3 respiration, and P/O ratio. On the other hand, in the liver perfused with insulin, the levels of the energy charge and adenine nucleotide quotient increased to a significant degree as compared to the liver without insulin (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). It is suggested that insulin plays an important role as a portal factor in regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the levels of the phosphorylated adenine nucleotides. | [
-0.013866878114640713,
-0.0072089908644557,
-0.01275678351521492,
-0.011414868757128716,
0.04336520656943321,
-0.0630771815776825,
0.06185225024819374,
0.01308346539735794,
-0.05261223390698433,
-0.009064994752407074,
0.057407137006521225,
-0.03471607714891434,
-0.026288781315088272,
0.0771799311041832,
0.003198399906978011,
0.010276849381625652,
-0.0015903512248769403,
-0.014244544319808483,
-0.07682128250598907,
-0.01935373805463314,
-0.01168945711106062,
0.025656361132860184,
0.02138066105544567,
-0.0141963055357337,
-0.000003918215952580795,
0.01230565644800663,
0.012678882107138634,
-0.008067571558058262,
-0.05206376686692238,
-0.16354231536388397,
0.03457171842455864,
-0.012902570888400078,
0.004949057009071112,
-0.0699891671538353,
-0.04284537583589554,
0.03960369899868965,
-0.02050451748073101,
0.048788364976644516,
-0.013203747570514679,
0.039573125541210175,
0.0684550553560257,
0.005244930740445852,
-0.022070005536079407,
0.051421575248241425,
0.0570240281522274,
-0.007101596333086491,
-0.029975129291415215,
-0.019525833427906036,
0.04636469483375549,
0.021838592365384102,
0.015372376888990402,
-0.007289355620741844,
0.05047857388854027,
0.05381723493337631,
0.004373291973024607,
-0.03653533011674881,
-0.006706456188112497,
0.08241812139749527,
0.023748142644762993,
-0.030613427981734276,
-0.0359603576362133,
0.04493163153529167,
-0.14482305943965912,
0.05656196177005768,
0.05574510619044304,
-0.055211447179317474,
0.005115880165249109,
0.010644798167049885,
0.003740354673936963,
0.06901244074106216,
-0.11427060514688492,
0.05360729992389679,
0.06139416992664337,
-0.046451207250356674,
0.024624288082122803,
-0.02263147383928299,
0.030418336391448975,
-0.034545138478279114,
0.037145327776670456,
0.03546101599931717,
-0.023533426225185394,
-0.0037773563526570797,
0.003318728879094124,
-0.036723796278238297,
-0.012530923821032047,
0.0032807819079607725,
-0.027605507522821426,
-0.043566882610321045,
-0.03388100489974022,
0.004010666161775589,
-0.07013571262359619,
-0.021369123831391335,
-0.039056193083524704,
-0.0015432212967425585,
-0.06594891101121902,
0.02085883915424347,
0.05788865312933922,
-0.008268721401691437,
-0.03682617470622063,
0.3764786422252655,
0.018445497378706932,
0.049548882991075516,
-0.050804026424884796,
-0.026125753298401833,
-0.01877724751830101,
-0.10555735230445862,
0.01789110153913498,
0.022152332589030266,
-0.01677960716187954,
0.08740083873271942,
0.06163918226957321,
0.013648693449795246,
-0.019103573635220528,
0.021864935755729675,
0.009540615603327751,
0.055463552474975586,
-0.008523824624717236,
0.03934543579816818,
-0.0074306451715528965,
0.02816794626414776,
0.002441122429445386,
0.02035827375948429,
0.04537157714366913,
-0.01174134574830532,
0.015927890315651894,
0.007624046877026558,
-0.004050522111356258,
0.08737411350011826,
0.07585417479276657,
0.030667100101709366,
0.08691303431987762,
0.015402350574731827,
0.0025342293083667755,
0.0023493734188377857,
-0.010989051312208176,
-0.0031343079172074795,
-0.00891823135316372,
-0.08163432776927948,
0.06995779275894165,
0.016376381739974022,
-0.018201353028416634,
-0.05079362168908119,
-0.03401163965463638,
-0.07608815282583237,
-0.0531829409301281,
0.10204770416021347,
0.044996727257966995,
0.05197279155254364,
-0.0024813422933220863,
-0.010832726024091244,
0.04081643372774124,
0.050202131271362305,
-0.04566001519560814,
0.04692632332444191,
-0.050533805042505264,
0.04032585397362709,
-0.025385312736034393,
-0.019555309787392616,
0.07073019444942474,
-0.07578697055578232,
-0.092828668653965,
-0.003554777940735221,
-0.02230069786310196,
0.009878529235720634,
0.03628731518983841,
-0.009493011981248856,
0.023669973015785217,
-0.005953130312263966,
0.008500263094902039,
0.013437296263873577,
-0.022211307659745216,
-0.00839975941926241,
-0.0354800745844841,
-0.01740426756441593,
0.007226761430501938,
-0.033317528665065765,
0.03553009033203125,
0.039202142506837845,
0.056117743253707886,
-0.041678234934806824,
0.019830746576189995,
-0.03388063609600067,
-0.012584283016622066,
0.034166719764471054,
0.03553059324622154,
-0.03042612411081791,
-0.09322455525398254,
0.024509930983185768,
0.021873680874705315,
0.015767933800816536,
-0.09545914828777313,
0.07127538323402405,
-0.07958422601222992,
0.02396758459508419,
-0.03255162760615349,
-0.025478670373558998,
-0.033135171979665756,
-0.0031770355999469757,
-0.06722298264503479,
-0.019048884510993958,
0.10899089276790619,
0.042469680309295654,
0.007525797467678785,
0.08441263437271118,
-0.00511452741920948,
0.005295388400554657,
-0.04357149079442024,
0.01095527969300747,
0.029580693691968918,
0.02977786958217621,
-0.04796866700053215,
-0.0024325428530573845,
0.009260686114430428,
0.01599377766251564,
-0.03656197711825371,
0.07302355766296387,
0.004523673094809055,
-0.008642607368528843,
0.058281414210796356,
0.007937400601804256,
0.017949596047401428,
-0.10593422502279282,
-0.03981718793511391,
-0.3038105368614197,
-0.028415048494935036,
0.0027609600219875574,
0.0005543048609979451,
-0.020092390477657318,
-0.05896875634789467,
-0.02404242567718029,
-0.01155554037541151,
-0.012085391208529472,
0.007245544344186783,
0.01672004722058773,
0.028598416596651077,
-0.05461069941520691,
-0.009060420095920563,
-0.0036276341415941715,
0.07572246342897415,
0.007957186549901962,
-0.06035446748137474,
0.015630502253770828,
0.006212625652551651,
0.04646342620253563,
-0.00912476610392332,
0.06672678887844086,
-0.005184633191674948,
0.03288774564862251,
-0.043555691838264465,
0.10745662450790405,
0.0039815353229641914,
-0.003445881651714444,
-0.003352539613842964,
0.029927290976047516,
0.005999141372740269,
-0.006567689590156078,
-0.0655270367860794,
-0.03113105334341526,
-0.02712159790098667,
-0.01861289143562317,
-0.04247605428099632,
0.0005162351299077272,
-0.006205401383340359,
-0.08920487016439438,
0.025473857298493385,
-0.05155327543616295,
-0.03498421981930733,
-0.07430043071508408,
0.013521462678909302,
0.026239724829792976,
-0.020820951089262962,
0.018096892163157463,
-0.010909250937402248,
0.04820506274700165,
0.015044039115309715,
0.017421821132302284,
-0.04908326640725136,
0.0811694860458374,
-0.04450058937072754,
-0.03041757643222809,
0.006106928922235966,
-0.0630672499537468,
0.010959197767078876,
0.024858949705958366,
-0.0008398015634156764,
-0.0485432930290699,
0.010286220349371433,
-0.009557302109897137,
0.0036246024537831545,
-0.008344188332557678,
0.015626447275280952,
0.005162353627383709,
0.022703973576426506,
0.03539831563830376,
0.09108315408229828,
0.01573263108730316,
0.015353115275502205,
0.12799948453903198,
-0.010927429422736168,
-0.031737081706523895,
-0.03207562491297722,
-0.05983253940939903,
0.014721689745783806,
-0.026054074987769127,
-0.02746681310236454,
0.03883856162428856,
0.0331047885119915,
0.012461159378290176,
0.02656528912484646,
0.020222654566168785,
-0.007411642000079155,
-0.027421368286013603,
-0.043271504342556,
-0.01988695003092289,
0.00300119468010962,
-0.04772314429283142,
0.0007490049465559423,
0.03662882000207901,
0.05200416222214699,
-0.24969442188739777,
0.030734378844499588,
0.012550883926451206,
-0.045570917427539825,
0.0038072820752859116,
0.02565532736480236,
0.017391571775078773,
0.035957079380750656,
-0.08471400290727615,
0.030688604339957237,
0.0393347330391407,
0.049541205167770386,
0.0823635682463646,
0.05573985353112221,
-0.03934614732861519,
0.028696760535240173,
0.03008759766817093,
-0.03876606747508049,
-0.006906465627253056,
-0.0173192098736763,
0.012522390112280846,
-0.04883703961968422,
0.1373734176158905,
-0.0005615887348540127,
-0.04067722707986832,
-0.006331924814730883,
0.0049969167448580265,
0.0879504382610321,
0.022710274904966354,
0.0010270267957821488,
0.00097434944473207,
-0.019490623846650124,
0.05851410701870918,
-0.0017387672560289502,
0.03669709712266922,
0.004254480823874474,
-0.00969693437218666,
0.01840066909790039,
-0.01164516992866993,
-0.02005988173186779,
-0.004266620613634586,
-0.03632396087050438,
-0.03794532269239426,
-0.034253064543008804,
0.06908894330263138,
-0.01013903133571148,
0.00004244381852913648,
-0.10496070981025696,
0.03391902893781662,
0.019202377647161484,
0.01499950885772705,
-0.1089303120970726,
0.0010241791605949402,
0.06380537897348404,
-0.020523039624094963,
-0.061472658067941666,
-0.048603229224681854,
-0.00902861263602972,
0.0063598137348890305,
0.010798904113471508,
-0.0033954803366214037,
0.043614380061626434,
-0.017515072599053383,
0.08457285910844803,
-0.03384605422616005
] |
PMID:6603 | The use of phospholipid vesicles for in vitro studies on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. | Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate was incorporated into vesicles prepared from egg yolk lecithin and utilized as a substrate for studies of sterol ester hydrolases present in rat liver homogenates. The cholesteryl oleate was shown to be associated with vesicles (unilamellar liposomes) using Sepharose 4B chromatography. With this substrate, two different cholesteryl ester hydrolytic enzymes were demonstrated in subcellular fractions from the liver homogenates. In the lysosome-rich fraction an acid hydrolase was present, while in the cytosol fraction (150,000 g supernatant), hydrolytic activity was shown to occur with an optimum pH between 8 and 8.5. The substrate was characterized by Sepharose chromatography both before and after incubation with the liver fraction and was not dramatically altered even by rigorous incubation conditions. The lysosomal enzyme preparation was capable of hydrolyzing almost all the cholesteryl oleate in the vesicles. Hydrolysis of the phospholipid was proportionately much less than that of the cholesteryl oleate. Comparisons were performed between the vesicle preparation and an alternate substrate preparation involving the direct addition of cholesteryl oleate in acetone solution. The vesicles appeared to be a better substrate for the lysosomal enzyme whereas the activity in the cytosol fraction did not distinguish between the two substrate preparations. Unsonicated suspensions of cholesteryl oleate and lecithin did not serve as suitable substrates for the enzymes. These studies demonstrate the applicability of cholesteryl ester-containing vesicles as a useful substrate for studying cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in vitro. | The use of phospholipid vesicles for in vitro studies on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate was incorporated into vesicles prepared from egg yolk lecithin and utilized as a substrate for studies of sterol ester hydrolases present in rat liver homogenates. The cholesteryl oleate was shown to be associated with vesicles (unilamellar liposomes) using Sepharose 4B chromatography. With this substrate, two different cholesteryl ester hydrolytic enzymes were demonstrated in subcellular fractions from the liver homogenates. In the lysosome-rich fraction an acid hydrolase was present, while in the cytosol fraction (150,000 g supernatant), hydrolytic activity was shown to occur with an optimum pH between 8 and 8.5. The substrate was characterized by Sepharose chromatography both before and after incubation with the liver fraction and was not dramatically altered even by rigorous incubation conditions. The lysosomal enzyme preparation was capable of hydrolyzing almost all the cholesteryl oleate in the vesicles. Hydrolysis of the phospholipid was proportionately much less than that of the cholesteryl oleate. Comparisons were performed between the vesicle preparation and an alternate substrate preparation involving the direct addition of cholesteryl oleate in acetone solution. The vesicles appeared to be a better substrate for the lysosomal enzyme whereas the activity in the cytosol fraction did not distinguish between the two substrate preparations. Unsonicated suspensions of cholesteryl oleate and lecithin did not serve as suitable substrates for the enzymes. These studies demonstrate the applicability of cholesteryl ester-containing vesicles as a useful substrate for studying cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in vitro. | [
-0.016211777925491333,
-0.03487256541848183,
-0.026367101818323135,
-0.007361073046922684,
-0.007923850789666176,
-0.031709685921669006,
0.020225556567311287,
0.05788636580109596,
-0.027085820212960243,
-0.03866208344697952,
0.02648906782269478,
-0.0705849751830101,
0.01702870801091194,
-0.026122892275452614,
-0.03213207796216011,
-0.03396061062812805,
0.057301368564367294,
0.0005142178852111101,
-0.07110913097858429,
0.040679458528757095,
0.04141896218061447,
0.00152665248606354,
0.009423445910215378,
-0.023430217057466507,
-0.003815591335296631,
0.0190382469445467,
-0.020548522472381592,
-0.03475265949964523,
-0.07908926159143448,
-0.1849973350763321,
0.011069687083363533,
-0.08139216899871826,
-0.005941699258983135,
-0.046279553323984146,
0.003949906677007675,
0.02458730712532997,
0.0057611847296357155,
0.022162294015288353,
-0.02823292650282383,
0.007181068882346153,
0.04794074594974518,
0.012149694375693798,
-0.003922142554074526,
0.001801616046577692,
0.053999144583940506,
-0.021891552954912186,
-0.034341245889663696,
-0.0024702290538698435,
0.06306947767734528,
-0.03272915259003639,
0.026795126497745514,
0.020007040351629257,
0.03442486375570297,
0.044875822961330414,
-0.06360862404108047,
-0.008735028095543385,
0.017146004363894463,
0.038921747356653214,
0.024327337741851807,
0.017641475424170494,
0.000751869345549494,
0.025400057435035706,
-0.15151922404766083,
0.09725801646709442,
0.0018729622242972255,
-0.026598777621984482,
-0.03611746430397034,
-0.001789085566997528,
0.07179338485002518,
0.013888273388147354,
-0.02206847257912159,
0.017050279304385185,
0.031039975583553314,
0.030919931828975677,
-0.025823842734098434,
-0.0022541466169059277,
-0.007211713586002588,
0.012463340535759926,
0.042960040271282196,
-0.005844741128385067,
0.0004210467741359025,
0.005709781777113676,
0.011334422044456005,
0.031061073765158653,
0.013883125968277454,
0.04248645529150963,
-0.033195141702890396,
-0.024608127772808075,
0.04103275388479233,
-0.0006756720831617713,
-0.001138501102104783,
-0.05964938551187515,
-0.03830443322658539,
0.011448711156845093,
-0.09032604843378067,
0.08251196146011353,
0.007255930453538895,
-0.015848949551582336,
-0.01653135195374489,
0.38134199380874634,
-0.033790070563554764,
0.028377842158079147,
-0.007342969533056021,
-0.021951109170913696,
-0.01907259225845337,
-0.014452206902205944,
-0.0703834593296051,
-0.04938727617263794,
-0.016039324924349785,
0.03813564404845238,
0.03918958082795143,
0.02418636716902256,
-0.01738603599369526,
-0.018125295639038086,
-0.03944651409983635,
-0.0337899848818779,
-0.0030967737548053265,
0.024589452892541885,
-0.012817757204174995,
0.0326809361577034,
-0.025355175137519836,
0.00009377874084748328,
0.011010362766683102,
-0.019992727786302567,
0.022014055401086807,
0.00920205470174551,
0.006416790187358856,
0.07752058655023575,
0.05611678957939148,
0.053381599485874176,
0.006873410660773516,
0.07117238640785217,
-0.029036499559879303,
-0.008161726407706738,
0.012698954902589321,
0.00269254669547081,
0.07672339677810669,
-0.06090661883354187,
0.0465451255440712,
-0.005027253180742264,
0.002729263389483094,
-0.04253269359469414,
-0.06333936750888824,
-0.06025286391377449,
-0.025254331529140472,
0.09411492943763733,
0.06312382221221924,
0.03601828217506409,
-0.06482444703578949,
0.004528230056166649,
0.008182751946151257,
0.02163534238934517,
-0.009600823745131493,
0.09305044263601303,
-0.03815806657075882,
0.00531363720074296,
-0.007644397206604481,
0.017587898299098015,
-0.013394459150731564,
0.004224298521876335,
-0.09140793234109879,
-0.02607179433107376,
-0.00032346538500860333,
0.1075931116938591,
-0.0245487280189991,
-0.033438246697187424,
0.002575791208073497,
0.008497525937855244,
0.03740983456373215,
-0.02336360700428486,
0.028347672894597054,
-0.06528369337320328,
-0.020932404324412346,
-0.011121089570224285,
-0.06116418540477753,
0.00791054219007492,
0.013565628789365292,
0.0660211518406868,
0.002334557007998228,
-0.009256724268198013,
0.049634188413619995,
-0.05152687802910805,
-0.04917394742369652,
0.017095163464546204,
-0.003326808800920844,
-0.06303562968969345,
-0.04143479838967323,
0.009232687763869762,
0.029003242030739784,
0.05925288051366806,
-0.06787055730819702,
0.004510038532316685,
-0.061354439705610275,
-0.018173478543758392,
-0.02374895289540291,
-0.08039100468158722,
-0.018429527059197426,
0.04625313729047775,
0.028534740209579468,
0.01792503148317337,
0.11915677785873413,
0.018091242760419846,
0.0328458733856678,
0.06507181376218796,
0.016184834763407707,
0.03701254352927208,
0.044415414333343506,
-0.030664188787341118,
0.07029855251312256,
-0.007444149348884821,
-0.035131294280290604,
-0.0005977419205009937,
-0.03169982507824898,
0.015144784934818745,
-0.044764257967472076,
0.05734634026885033,
0.03004416450858116,
-0.01260779332369566,
0.06961135566234589,
-0.036326613277196884,
0.06209489330649376,
-0.05199172720313072,
-0.07117118686437607,
-0.27596980333328247,
-0.07228373736143112,
0.013402925804257393,
-0.0010074301389977336,
0.0613165907561779,
-0.015067173168063164,
-0.008371726609766483,
0.0028327784966677427,
-0.0023325460497289896,
-0.06951989233493805,
-0.004037277307361364,
0.014370180666446686,
-0.050663214176893234,
-0.0325261726975441,
0.02394861914217472,
0.048749737441539764,
0.02722097933292389,
-0.0290171317756176,
0.040482547134160995,
-0.026626287028193474,
-0.002660877536982298,
-0.06911785155534744,
-0.011668392457067966,
0.04245715215802193,
0.1920589953660965,
-0.03324655070900917,
0.1441311538219452,
0.018663395196199417,
-0.02871220000088215,
-0.032274454832077026,
0.04327758401632309,
0.012022580951452255,
0.01922573707997799,
-0.09759385138750076,
-0.04274021089076996,
-0.03725177422165871,
0.036729615181684494,
-0.04511450603604317,
0.0479276217520237,
0.02898973412811756,
-0.06800258904695511,
-0.011186723597347736,
-0.024281693622469902,
-0.05900939181447029,
-0.07318265736103058,
-0.0001080053043551743,
-0.009576135315001011,
0.013470296747982502,
-0.025926660746335983,
0.012632615864276886,
0.04808671772480011,
-0.003842324484139681,
0.02404632791876793,
-0.004886073525995016,
0.012962215580046177,
0.012320883572101593,
0.002044504275545478,
-0.0231391079723835,
-0.03245585039258003,
0.00871753878891468,
-0.023767806589603424,
0.0016946404939517379,
-0.026284873485565186,
0.007509071845561266,
0.024519801139831543,
0.022381577640771866,
0.024614548310637474,
-0.007080592215061188,
0.015086233615875244,
-0.018279315903782845,
0.022497842088341713,
0.052319664508104324,
-0.01680445671081543,
0.009502424858510494,
0.04424411430954933,
0.050271157175302505,
-0.02017378993332386,
0.009387694299221039,
-0.06503261625766754,
0.0056810397654771805,
0.0021750275045633316,
-0.041248422116041183,
-0.009465176612138748,
0.010914151556789875,
-0.018367206677794456,
0.03643617033958435,
0.006877061445266008,
-0.035641804337501526,
0.013195915147662163,
-0.021377699449658394,
-0.014331224374473095,
-0.023854946717619896,
-0.03882886841893196,
-0.016092367470264435,
0.00040539613110013306,
-0.038785170763731,
-0.27583611011505127,
0.04325052350759506,
0.008968888781964779,
0.021879322826862335,
-0.012890545651316643,
0.007715755142271519,
0.048678044229745865,
0.03491438180208206,
-0.011322103440761566,
0.025904463604092598,
0.0364261232316494,
0.009373045526444912,
0.07692231237888336,
0.053539033979177475,
-0.01965109445154667,
0.032102782279253006,
0.06705889850854874,
-0.008257072418928146,
0.006754899397492409,
-0.02897636406123638,
-0.022578785195946693,
-0.06083301082253456,
0.1586417406797409,
0.04497075080871582,
-0.06616153568029404,
0.03704468533396721,
0.015950370579957962,
-0.006339380983263254,
0.0061234375461936,
0.0313098281621933,
-0.03947317972779274,
0.019917527213692665,
0.04725281149148941,
-0.02298521250486374,
-0.019712183624505997,
0.07179846614599228,
0.010953119024634361,
-0.03311668708920479,
-0.05679488554596901,
0.0722125768661499,
0.051178768277168274,
-0.03090449422597885,
-0.08996310830116272,
-0.016208700835704803,
0.003876681672409177,
-0.04616817086935043,
0.01283362228423357,
-0.025683410465717316,
0.01634758897125721,
-0.048156626522541046,
-0.005343950819224119,
-0.0711614117026329,
-0.019016794860363007,
0.08511434495449066,
0.015841983258724213,
-0.0037059395108371973,
-0.007159174419939518,
0.01719057373702526,
-0.02759879268705845,
0.04239114373922348,
0.003839756129309535,
-0.04503609240055084,
0.02765575237572193,
0.13410180807113647,
0.0453682616353035
] |
PMID:6604 | The metabolism of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid into cholic: an enzyme assay using homogenates of human liver. | An enzyme assay was developed to measure the conversion of the bile acid precursor, 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA), into cholic acid using homogenates of human liver biopsies. The average rate of metabolism of THCA into cholic acid was found to be 3.9 +/- 0.5 (+/- 1 SD) pmoles of cholic acid formed/mg liver/minute in twelve normal liver biopsies. This assay system can be used to determine if the syndrome of neonatal cholestasis associated with a metabolic block in the conversion of THCA into cholic acid is transmitted as a genetic trait. | The metabolism of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid into cholic: an enzyme assay using homogenates of human liver. An enzyme assay was developed to measure the conversion of the bile acid precursor, 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA), into cholic acid using homogenates of human liver biopsies. The average rate of metabolism of THCA into cholic acid was found to be 3.9 +/- 0.5 (+/- 1 SD) pmoles of cholic acid formed/mg liver/minute in twelve normal liver biopsies. This assay system can be used to determine if the syndrome of neonatal cholestasis associated with a metabolic block in the conversion of THCA into cholic acid is transmitted as a genetic trait. | [
0.0008769211708568037,
-0.02614036574959755,
-0.04247131571173668,
0.05111151561141014,
-0.0058538224548101425,
0.008917752653360367,
0.036478932946920395,
0.021652119234204292,
-0.02162006124854088,
-0.01642923429608345,
0.02567702904343605,
-0.20512178540229797,
0.02336905337870121,
-0.04712837561964989,
-0.08307598531246185,
-0.02064429596066475,
0.004393743351101875,
-0.009817171841859818,
-0.039602480828762054,
0.01638379506766796,
-0.013343925587832928,
-0.02351362630724907,
0.016671214252710342,
-0.020339813083410263,
0.022096801549196243,
0.013796951621770859,
-0.0015670466236770153,
-0.04413275048136711,
-0.04285111650824547,
-0.16819116473197937,
0.0480048805475235,
-0.023165693506598473,
0.04954468086361885,
-0.05103721469640732,
0.004106756299734116,
0.010240290313959122,
-0.0016531398287042975,
0.00044012709986418486,
-0.012422566302120686,
0.06118006259202957,
0.020967712625861168,
0.039967622607946396,
-0.002227551769465208,
0.017560278996825218,
-0.002236147178336978,
0.02575524151325226,
-0.04162608087062836,
0.03766277804970741,
0.06220961734652519,
0.009388905018568039,
-0.042741987854242325,
0.00884519424289465,
0.049482617527246475,
0.03474501520395279,
-0.02315378747880459,
-0.055986907333135605,
0.0651407390832901,
0.038806166499853134,
-0.0252818800508976,
-0.025462158024311066,
0.05715876445174217,
0.01743316277861595,
-0.14366695284843445,
0.04524078592658043,
0.030139213427901268,
-0.001659853383898735,
0.0256684310734272,
-0.04989819601178169,
0.01912398263812065,
0.04352811351418495,
-0.11809109896421432,
0.022450676187872887,
0.032505445182323456,
0.04175908863544464,
0.005365952383726835,
-0.0011633016401901841,
0.0025210946332663298,
-0.010456505231559277,
0.025667058303952217,
0.01294985506683588,
-0.008366109803318977,
0.03535923361778259,
-0.028504272922873497,
-0.004933811724185944,
0.000031187380955088884,
0.003031931584700942,
-0.019410990178585052,
0.019322210922837257,
-0.022868817672133446,
0.01644207537174225,
0.009657233022153378,
-0.06067672371864319,
-0.0028224436100572348,
0.027420859783887863,
-0.06659583747386932,
0.0018683745292946696,
0.0008086494053713977,
-0.016870055347681046,
0.004258749075233936,
0.3440565764904022,
-0.010430896654725075,
0.021715696901082993,
-0.01530398614704609,
-0.03176667541265488,
-0.020657621324062347,
-0.016442682594060898,
-0.002798091620206833,
-0.010686326771974564,
-0.005583417136222124,
-0.019928108900785446,
0.020714210346341133,
0.022924700751900673,
0.02602919563651085,
-0.06643136590719223,
-0.027517950162291527,
0.07084456086158752,
0.06768298149108887,
-0.00939431507140398,
-0.008607854135334492,
0.06227737292647362,
-0.0111337099224329,
-0.03645654767751694,
0.022171996533870697,
-0.010709659196436405,
0.05119716748595238,
0.028941567987203598,
0.012194458395242691,
0.09062226861715317,
0.08825785666704178,
0.08533924072980881,
0.027183257043361664,
0.04679609462618828,
-0.014232212677598,
-0.05392846837639809,
-0.0003404929884709418,
-0.03319893404841423,
0.060670576989650726,
-0.0194767527282238,
0.01788780838251114,
-0.03790395334362984,
-0.020036382600665092,
-0.039296120405197144,
-0.050717152655124664,
-0.014655526727437973,
-0.07285414636135101,
0.0754876509308815,
0.011618690565228462,
0.019098840653896332,
-0.06354621052742004,
-0.001765253022313118,
0.04370906576514244,
0.035881299525499344,
0.0461355522274971,
0.02161184698343277,
-0.06428737193346024,
0.02022685296833515,
0.004848752170801163,
0.020184334367513657,
-0.01831137016415596,
0.016932150349020958,
-0.0468503013253212,
-0.0281267911195755,
-0.07310817390680313,
0.1173572838306427,
0.02536110021173954,
-0.03128272667527199,
-0.001013095024973154,
0.03574402257800102,
0.0011017494834959507,
0.010843571275472641,
0.05685531347990036,
-0.023526255041360855,
-0.05288427695631981,
-0.033016953617334366,
-0.005121121183037758,
-0.0019604291301220655,
0.015122679062187672,
0.07483460009098053,
0.05698646232485771,
-0.012484160251915455,
0.08858978748321533,
0.007779384031891823,
-0.03900296986103058,
-0.002625433262437582,
0.03328157961368561,
-0.03062799572944641,
-0.044259246438741684,
0.002926806453615427,
0.005621830001473427,
0.04226766526699066,
-0.06807594746351242,
0.062315162271261215,
-0.12181725353002548,
-0.04269177094101906,
0.02857748605310917,
-0.04607963189482689,
-0.025477034971117973,
0.0286036916077137,
0.03333532065153122,
0.018175458535552025,
0.05446091666817665,
0.03223671764135361,
0.012916314415633678,
0.08085183799266815,
-0.00204093218781054,
-0.03257237747311592,
0.009258811362087727,
-0.05160725861787796,
0.050021275877952576,
0.06678607314825058,
-0.015430578030645847,
-0.0056390040554106236,
-0.05726642161607742,
0.04698173329234123,
-0.08235868811607361,
0.05450199171900749,
0.03137921169400215,
-0.02311794087290764,
0.03265092894434929,
0.0026872605085372925,
0.04673214629292488,
-0.05948098376393318,
-0.0024172004777938128,
-0.2804373800754547,
-0.03201021999120712,
0.032920271158218384,
0.032858435064554214,
0.043846335262060165,
-0.04434925317764282,
-0.06183204799890518,
0.0041800900362432,
0.0059523205272853374,
-0.04581030458211899,
0.03308984264731407,
0.0915338397026062,
-0.07424277067184448,
0.019008129835128784,
-0.03454464301466942,
0.034372150897979736,
-0.01586146652698517,
0.019185828045010567,
0.08193188905715942,
0.012034914456307888,
0.03415805101394653,
-0.05923955515027046,
-0.008411623537540436,
-0.045415669679641724,
0.05895911529660225,
0.00620438065379858,
0.13195575773715973,
-0.009810684248805046,
-0.009510867297649384,
-0.03766322135925293,
0.024362748488783836,
0.02576802484691143,
-0.0159774087369442,
-0.046667952090501785,
0.04614364728331566,
-0.02994411624968052,
-0.002060763770714402,
-0.0678621232509613,
-0.012341929599642754,
0.0045694164000451565,
-0.01137425098568201,
-0.020957045257091522,
-0.057616785168647766,
-0.04742531105875969,
-0.02709861658513546,
-0.011043572798371315,
-0.01050218939781189,
-0.002942795166745782,
-0.0052210483700037,
-0.026829514652490616,
0.07348685711622238,
-0.011501341126859188,
-0.00015059392899274826,
-0.05625252053141594,
-0.015623226761817932,
-0.061282265931367874,
0.0237660501152277,
-0.017811596393585205,
-0.030657893046736717,
-0.027087684720754623,
-0.04149336367845535,
0.03860793635249138,
-0.009259037673473358,
0.03965013101696968,
-0.03233223035931587,
-0.028350528329610825,
0.0046752141788601875,
-0.02334223873913288,
0.07064443826675415,
-0.0011793813901022077,
-0.011505969800055027,
0.12442535907030106,
-0.03193717449903488,
-0.01581524685025215,
0.07012330740690231,
0.040342144668102264,
-0.03632654622197151,
-0.059242501854896545,
-0.05656438320875168,
-0.003608160885050893,
-0.0028031207621097565,
-0.06398840248584747,
0.04305543750524521,
-0.004787932150065899,
0.011820262297987938,
0.030503300949931145,
0.03767071291804314,
-0.006314065773040056,
0.0430302657186985,
-0.01784660667181015,
0.032093554735183716,
0.0029545589350163937,
0.015635710209608078,
-0.07209697365760803,
0.01710539124906063,
-0.010131004266440868,
-0.28212687373161316,
0.016645779833197594,
-0.013329287059605122,
-0.001926383120007813,
0.07008767127990723,
-0.0525045171380043,
0.05957261100411415,
0.03360002115368843,
-0.03395381197333336,
-0.0364188626408577,
0.018723545596003532,
-0.026773110032081604,
0.06115946173667908,
0.00856621190905571,
0.06607532501220703,
-0.0036152899265289307,
0.0457787960767746,
-0.022144919261336327,
-0.009122329764068127,
-0.05504016578197479,
-0.045533109456300735,
-0.08158303797245026,
0.12688048183918,
0.0374537855386734,
-0.038344766944646835,
-0.0036406833678483963,
-0.0018082669703289866,
0.018957171589136124,
0.012849248945713043,
0.019151609390974045,
-0.03556565195322037,
0.05895930901169777,
0.08938707411289215,
-0.03127380460500717,
0.023486172780394554,
0.047863252460956573,
-0.04694103077054024,
-0.0021766857244074345,
-0.06372590363025665,
0.08531330525875092,
0.022719724103808403,
-0.017580710351467133,
-0.09507142007350922,
0.011698124930262566,
0.058622248470783234,
-0.06334986537694931,
-0.02780197560787201,
-0.042131952941417694,
-0.018083911389112473,
0.009380784817039967,
0.0407966673374176,
-0.04664388298988342,
0.010515834204852581,
0.05900958925485611,
0.009579681791365147,
0.02551276981830597,
-0.0076253884471952915,
0.017596593126654625,
-0.018348559737205505,
-0.004977891221642494,
-0.012953025288879871,
0.02736818604171276,
0.00045208376832306385,
0.10452840477228165,
0.013656857423484325
] |
PMID:6605 | Improved methods for the study of hepatic HMG CoA reductase: one-step isolation of mevalonolactone and rapid preparation of endoplasmic reticulum. | Two new methods are described for the study of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. (1) Endoplasmic reticulum was rapidly prepared by diluting a 10,000 g supernatant with buffer containing 8 mM calcium chloride. The yield of protein and the specific activity of HMG CoA reductase in the pellet subsequently obtained by low speed centrifugation were nearly identical to those in the microsomal pellet prepared by ultracentrifugation. This technique may be particularly useful in studies of the rapid, in vitro modulation of the enzyme. (2) Mevalonolactone was extracted into benzene from the HMG CoA reductase assay mixture with an efficiency of 58%. There was less than 1% extraction of HMG CoA, acetoacetate, or beta-hydroxybutyrate. The extracted mevalonolactone was at least 98% pure as judged by thin-layer chromatography with four different solvent systems. These improved methods should significantly aid studies of the physiological importance of HMG CoA reductase. | Improved methods for the study of hepatic HMG CoA reductase: one-step isolation of mevalonolactone and rapid preparation of endoplasmic reticulum. Two new methods are described for the study of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. (1) Endoplasmic reticulum was rapidly prepared by diluting a 10,000 g supernatant with buffer containing 8 mM calcium chloride. The yield of protein and the specific activity of HMG CoA reductase in the pellet subsequently obtained by low speed centrifugation were nearly identical to those in the microsomal pellet prepared by ultracentrifugation. This technique may be particularly useful in studies of the rapid, in vitro modulation of the enzyme. (2) Mevalonolactone was extracted into benzene from the HMG CoA reductase assay mixture with an efficiency of 58%. There was less than 1% extraction of HMG CoA, acetoacetate, or beta-hydroxybutyrate. The extracted mevalonolactone was at least 98% pure as judged by thin-layer chromatography with four different solvent systems. These improved methods should significantly aid studies of the physiological importance of HMG CoA reductase. | [
-0.048330578953027725,
0.01311497762799263,
-0.03789272904396057,
0.013740403577685356,
0.04818711057305336,
-0.0029720847960561514,
-0.0017734712455421686,
0.04203908517956734,
-0.05559801310300827,
-0.01430477388203144,
0.031382545828819275,
-0.07268522679805756,
-0.02505500614643097,
-0.0645187646150589,
-0.04027401655912399,
0.003838320029899478,
0.07835804671049118,
-0.012142791412770748,
-0.030660763382911682,
0.0026025220286101103,
-0.044052500277757645,
0.04413779824972153,
-0.015977563336491585,
-0.026306316256523132,
0.05293019115924835,
0.00495546218007803,
0.001059957779943943,
-0.026512496173381805,
-0.046485885977745056,
-0.18940778076648712,
0.023833073675632477,
-0.00914825964719057,
0.0226167980581522,
-0.08053449541330338,
-0.020900627598166466,
-0.020158560946583748,
-0.01877017132937908,
0.03737291321158409,
-0.020542658865451813,
0.06631438434123993,
0.06314419209957123,
-0.009832970798015594,
0.01289462111890316,
-0.00082804897101596,
0.0018834634684026241,
0.024187840521335602,
-0.017128538340330124,
0.0019074940355494618,
0.0904291421175003,
-0.0038425454404205084,
0.025724969804286957,
0.021444950252771378,
0.01578868180513382,
-0.0050866673700511456,
0.04952070116996765,
0.004402896389365196,
0.0273932833224535,
0.047026824206113815,
-0.0037019539158791304,
0.015532136894762516,
0.01279505155980587,
0.0462859608232975,
-0.142968088388443,
0.025735946372151375,
0.06002361327409744,
0.019102519378066063,
-0.004114859271794558,
-0.047926392406225204,
0.04389550909399986,
0.030780203640460968,
-0.05126481503248215,
0.003856646828353405,
0.011393826454877853,
0.0035547232255339622,
0.04758501052856445,
-0.01316286250948906,
0.0488012470304966,
-0.033786796033382416,
-0.018856992945075035,
0.006214332301169634,
-0.008715561591088772,
0.048273101449012756,
0.005735757760703564,
0.01149466447532177,
0.03778539225459099,
-0.01841762475669384,
-0.019422879442572594,
-0.006499723065644503,
-0.018268192186951637,
0.00659198546782136,
0.033308304846286774,
-0.027938704937696457,
-0.0024313763715326786,
0.029798682779073715,
-0.1140533834695816,
0.023090051487088203,
0.02055967226624489,
0.012675944715738297,
0.011960210278630257,
0.4183664321899414,
-0.03478588908910751,
0.02568858489394188,
-0.04005930945277214,
-0.044150177389383316,
-0.019506795331835747,
-0.027597365900874138,
-0.03221957013010979,
0.037591516971588135,
0.026649948209524155,
0.04285230487585068,
0.053333111107349396,
0.05164972320199013,
0.03164418041706085,
-0.021984027698636055,
-0.04297400265932083,
0.032193154096603394,
-0.020250661298632622,
-0.03423292562365532,
-0.07546188682317734,
0.054561395198106766,
-0.004641209729015827,
0.010192763060331345,
0.03453860431909561,
-0.027317507192492485,
0.018685253337025642,
-0.014211139641702175,
0.0025015848223119974,
0.08828868716955185,
0.1129159927368164,
0.039020586758852005,
-0.006282142363488674,
0.048100486397743225,
-0.036960940808057785,
-0.02225014753639698,
-0.027736451476812363,
-0.017184942960739136,
0.019447719678282738,
0.0053773075342178345,
0.08228973299264908,
0.03220649063587189,
-0.021607056260108948,
-0.006154847797006369,
-0.04113669693470001,
-0.08705062419176102,
-0.0425611287355423,
0.07674075663089752,
0.0018523813923820853,
0.026409119367599487,
-0.02311321161687374,
-0.06220269203186035,
0.014442491345107555,
0.043512482196092606,
-0.0034162106458097696,
0.01690482720732689,
-0.05529360473155975,
-0.024424690753221512,
-0.007339802570641041,
0.0013795137638226151,
0.04606808349490166,
-0.014353604055941105,
-0.08906040340662003,
-0.027371464297175407,
-0.013801527209579945,
0.09311286360025406,
-0.000193411236978136,
-0.094124935567379,
0.01731494627892971,
0.01247669942677021,
0.0484461784362793,
-0.050434645265340805,
0.034305550158023834,
0.009627985768020153,
-0.012969393283128738,
0.028004558756947517,
0.0010519789066165686,
0.006329130847007036,
0.003964489791542292,
0.020204586908221245,
-0.00037968633114360273,
-0.03993909806013107,
0.06272190809249878,
-0.01636790856719017,
-0.05205249786376953,
0.04720667004585266,
0.042727984488010406,
-0.023951269686222076,
0.014459894970059395,
-0.0064628832042217255,
-0.004317041486501694,
0.03902912512421608,
-0.042631812393665314,
0.03689577430486679,
-0.110395148396492,
0.03910048305988312,
-0.05481560528278351,
-0.024088049307465553,
-0.05675698444247246,
0.0021603680215775967,
-0.0005347325932234526,
-0.030894413590431213,
0.08467825502157211,
0.02421729452908039,
0.057207975536584854,
0.04317110776901245,
-0.0012764593120664358,
0.0834939181804657,
-0.0045764571987092495,
0.002992344554513693,
0.04743132367730141,
0.026008959859609604,
-0.029536543413996696,
-0.008179894648492336,
-0.004586914088577032,
0.04958987981081009,
-0.03697001561522484,
0.06437839567661285,
0.021291548386216164,
0.00005982972652418539,
-0.008277129381895065,
0.0002859626547433436,
0.023225883021950722,
-0.032708823680877686,
-0.02678052708506584,
-0.31255799531936646,
-0.03914446383714676,
-0.039791565388441086,
-0.024291817098855972,
-0.011399268172681332,
-0.05196985602378845,
0.014123189263045788,
-0.041803691536188126,
0.030786972492933273,
-0.028072945773601532,
0.04146125167608261,
0.02830485627055168,
-0.03700920194387436,
-0.028145167976617813,
-0.006136794574558735,
0.056261543184518814,
0.029998358339071274,
-0.06237225607037544,
0.030105413869023323,
-0.035749197006225586,
0.0034801228903234005,
-0.041389621794223785,
-0.01768643595278263,
0.04896199330687523,
0.052144527435302734,
-0.031458280980587006,
0.12403742223978043,
-0.009776737540960312,
-0.025761837139725685,
-0.004474159795790911,
0.045415475964546204,
0.024148551747202873,
-0.0425395593047142,
-0.09048012644052505,
-0.048394303768873215,
-0.04714488238096237,
0.015662381425499916,
-0.046738702803850174,
0.04722568020224571,
0.0058714705519378185,
-0.037519339472055435,
-0.011013656854629517,
0.009139090776443481,
-0.07636208832263947,
-0.04421871155500412,
-0.005522641818970442,
-0.038462940603494644,
0.003094427054747939,
0.04909326136112213,
-0.020384130999445915,
0.021290361881256104,
0.03567976504564285,
0.03638705238699913,
-0.034523867070674896,
0.025104766711592674,
0.03807036951184273,
-0.013507457450032234,
-0.01902996003627777,
-0.06432706862688065,
-0.00919839646667242,
-0.013198879547417164,
-0.011359638534486294,
-0.027292145416140556,
0.037652965635061264,
-0.008309748023748398,
0.00309744686819613,
0.01833261549472809,
-0.027731914073228836,
0.05036197975277901,
0.03181883320212364,
0.000281104032183066,
0.05795695632696152,
-0.04991891235113144,
0.01136141549795866,
0.031067393720149994,
0.05569076165556908,
-0.021120022982358932,
-0.0733736976981163,
-0.09952513128519058,
0.011598536744713783,
-0.0007782607572153211,
-0.009052365086972713,
0.03018171899020672,
0.030389215797185898,
0.002750624204054475,
0.004530872218310833,
-0.015867669135332108,
0.0015212822472676635,
-0.004841677378863096,
0.055904559791088104,
0.019874950870871544,
-0.0023022505920380354,
-0.0012105186469852924,
-0.08767156302928925,
-0.022789649665355682,
0.008302667178213596,
-0.23659184575080872,
0.011683636344969273,
-0.03450397774577141,
0.006301084067672491,
-0.0006023854948580265,
0.0322391614317894,
0.01863671839237213,
-0.05138101428747177,
-0.025661054998636246,
0.03748968243598938,
0.011483508162200451,
0.009359833784401417,
0.08381383866071701,
0.019341478124260902,
-0.012344319373369217,
0.039883241057395935,
0.027010176330804825,
0.06695099174976349,
0.03483864292502403,
-0.06849364936351776,
0.006196484435349703,
-0.047303713858127594,
0.1317221075296402,
-0.004366678651422262,
-0.0423426516354084,
0.03144098073244095,
0.012514482252299786,
0.01927114836871624,
-0.058393366634845734,
0.01194357592612505,
-0.009163502603769302,
0.02150021865963936,
0.0838099867105484,
0.005314270034432411,
0.04544238746166229,
0.02099260315299034,
0.0038689468055963516,
-0.0406842865049839,
-0.001774408621713519,
0.040031787008047104,
-0.00659583555534482,
-0.005284339189529419,
-0.08416737616062164,
0.012660994194447994,
0.0655529722571373,
-0.08737454563379288,
-0.042779043316841125,
-0.07447551935911179,
0.0009006153559312224,
0.020625799894332886,
-0.02405526302754879,
-0.06417234987020493,
0.015227038413286209,
0.035669613629579544,
-0.07705819606781006,
0.04869570583105087,
0.0014331385027617216,
0.019465582445263863,
-0.02577628567814827,
-0.03591880574822426,
-0.006342106498777866,
0.017177078872919083,
-0.030494345352053642,
0.16623467206954956,
0.025912486016750336
] |
PMID:6607 | Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea. | 1. Electrical activity has been recorded from Stomphia coccinea during the behavioural sequence in which the detached anemone settles on to a Modiolus shell. 2. When a responsive tentacle contacts the shell, a short, complex burst of pulses is elicited. These remain confined to the region of contact. The endodermal slow-conduction system (SS2) then begins to fire repetitively (a typical example is 16 SS2 pulses at a mean interpulse interval of 5 s) until the pedal disc begins to inflate. Shell-tentacle contact is essential for stimulation of SS2 activity. 3. The complete response, apart from local bending of the column, may be reproduced by electrical stimulation of the SS2 alone. As few as 10 stimuli at frequencies between 1 shock/s and 1 shock/10 s are required to elicit the response. | Control of shell settling in the swimming sea anemone Stomphia coccinea. 1. Electrical activity has been recorded from Stomphia coccinea during the behavioural sequence in which the detached anemone settles on to a Modiolus shell. 2. When a responsive tentacle contacts the shell, a short, complex burst of pulses is elicited. These remain confined to the region of contact. The endodermal slow-conduction system (SS2) then begins to fire repetitively (a typical example is 16 SS2 pulses at a mean interpulse interval of 5 s) until the pedal disc begins to inflate. Shell-tentacle contact is essential for stimulation of SS2 activity. 3. The complete response, apart from local bending of the column, may be reproduced by electrical stimulation of the SS2 alone. As few as 10 stimuli at frequencies between 1 shock/s and 1 shock/10 s are required to elicit the response. | [
0.0010901582427322865,
-0.008715346455574036,
0.0013550019357353449,
-0.03702947124838829,
-0.03993432968854904,
-0.02999839000403881,
0.04215100035071373,
-0.026646045967936516,
-0.009396770037710667,
-0.006442480254918337,
-0.01172863133251667,
-0.07681957632303238,
0.009312732145190239,
0.028695495799183846,
-0.03808630257844925,
0.002333469921723008,
0.008587390184402466,
0.017237544059753418,
-0.027110237628221512,
0.04001569747924805,
0.01260790228843689,
0.024969089776277542,
-0.028783567249774933,
0.012197072617709637,
-0.0778828039765358,
0.017565499991178513,
0.0055014463141560555,
-0.07098868489265442,
-0.054659970104694366,
-0.18333175778388977,
-0.03281383961439133,
0.008410749025642872,
-0.002653019968420267,
0.004238541703671217,
-0.0004014577134512365,
-0.01781950704753399,
0.019486965611577034,
-0.049887482076883316,
-0.038011662662029266,
0.06444846838712692,
-0.002603943459689617,
0.04400651529431343,
0.06064871698617935,
0.006292992737144232,
-0.00166787370108068,
-0.07430943846702576,
0.04478627070784569,
-0.03875191882252693,
0.05447419732809067,
-0.06986240297555923,
0.004442448727786541,
-0.003951008431613445,
0.009671215899288654,
0.007298825774341822,
0.0030768581200391054,
-0.0051452056504786015,
0.0629923939704895,
0.057264652103185654,
0.04902857169508934,
-0.037539415061473846,
0.026500187814235687,
0.06482083350419998,
-0.10985833406448364,
0.052423425018787384,
0.0690571665763855,
0.00440946314483881,
-0.00891674030572176,
0.005009089596569538,
0.04685647413134575,
0.05545119196176529,
-0.0723833367228508,
-0.02774629183113575,
0.039553698152303696,
0.043633975088596344,
0.037907909601926804,
-0.0066501544788479805,
-0.003792789066210389,
-0.021129677072167397,
-0.004396181087940931,
0.0035018054768443108,
-0.07221179455518723,
-0.013529074378311634,
-0.011441685259342194,
-0.026325102895498276,
-0.008479064330458641,
-0.01513051986694336,
0.09637483954429626,
-0.03917674720287323,
0.019477972760796547,
0.03433096036314964,
-0.04452471435070038,
-0.039692945778369904,
-0.04489060491323471,
0.01972903311252594,
-0.07383251190185547,
0.04706403985619545,
-0.05000917613506317,
-0.02703320048749447,
0.010014047846198082,
0.3658239543437958,
0.006661886349320412,
0.04297158867120743,
-0.01327790878713131,
0.02764202654361725,
0.02828136272728443,
-0.040640246123075485,
-0.000014604169336962514,
-0.050771087408065796,
-0.024456121027469635,
0.083198681473732,
0.03318820521235466,
-0.04645579680800438,
-0.018587538972496986,
-0.0043440572917461395,
0.0024097023997455835,
-0.008452709764242172,
-0.0001885395176941529,
-0.014677680097520351,
-0.010582663118839264,
0.00032713220571167767,
-0.02170383930206299,
0.010330784134566784,
0.07053884863853455,
-0.004550195299088955,
0.05236466974020004,
0.011581153608858585,
0.015833675861358643,
0.06630641967058182,
0.016047313809394836,
-0.015186656266450882,
0.05154241994023323,
0.032185956835746765,
-0.027958720922470093,
-0.0013526839902624488,
0.02293400838971138,
-0.003325679572299123,
0.026301145553588867,
-0.029948333278298378,
-0.0015539155574515462,
-0.01710071787238121,
-0.023243185132741928,
-0.07111005485057831,
0.0618169866502285,
-0.11061915010213852,
-0.027891909703612328,
0.058915868401527405,
0.008226897567510605,
0.01696871593594551,
-0.04945112392306328,
0.04141514375805855,
-0.07255159318447113,
0.004660110455006361,
-0.017549168318510056,
-0.06691405177116394,
-0.006552355829626322,
0.030861346051096916,
0.0172675009816885,
0.08423960208892822,
-0.005145376548171043,
-0.04969780892133713,
-0.0687234029173851,
0.05478019267320633,
0.029592270031571388,
0.08635952323675156,
0.07234083861112595,
-0.045557666569948196,
-0.0012330194003880024,
-0.02135532908141613,
-0.01577780768275261,
-0.055000972002744675,
-0.04869045689702034,
0.0738091841340065,
0.03618508204817772,
-0.03840472549200058,
0.0025964879896491766,
0.03680628165602684,
0.011414291337132454,
-0.03536612167954445,
0.06173700466752052,
0.09531658887863159,
0.026258934289216995,
-0.053837381303310394,
-0.00047617722884751856,
-0.006579688284546137,
-0.029942015185952187,
-0.028186462819576263,
-0.06972912698984146,
0.023944800719618797,
0.0021486436016857624,
0.00037264381535351276,
-0.008990771137177944,
-0.05359487980604172,
-0.056704625487327576,
0.07997607439756393,
-0.06092667207121849,
-0.034720055758953094,
-0.014588138088583946,
-0.02559150941669941,
-0.05824071913957596,
0.0349862203001976,
0.03940102458000183,
-0.0034453498665243387,
-0.019781000912189484,
0.00956962164491415,
0.02302614413201809,
0.029422806575894356,
0.04869022220373154,
0.03121386654675007,
0.025435753166675568,
0.01410274300724268,
-0.030463386327028275,
-0.012557314708828926,
0.028486384078860283,
-0.05093731731176376,
0.015205085277557373,
0.0742911696434021,
-0.023873182013630867,
-0.004892874974757433,
0.08268202841281891,
-0.04397549852728844,
0.026360968127846718,
-0.031287066638469696,
-0.01897626370191574,
-0.34074223041534424,
-0.040431901812553406,
-0.005266399588435888,
0.005246242042630911,
0.08081313967704773,
-0.06835092604160309,
0.019392967224121094,
-0.030205510556697845,
0.03173671290278435,
-0.11534901708364487,
0.027151333168148994,
0.006464911624789238,
-0.04122608155012131,
-0.018060244619846344,
0.03383519500494003,
0.01682453416287899,
0.0520663745701313,
-0.01847185008227825,
0.041445542126894,
0.03382308781147003,
-0.024229951202869415,
-0.040299173444509506,
-0.020510800182819366,
0.011111628264188766,
0.025867512449622154,
-0.0408024862408638,
0.09157416969537735,
0.055927034467458725,
0.02464539185166359,
-0.05234253779053688,
0.007928340695798397,
0.03947523236274719,
0.03699570149183273,
-0.020268207415938377,
0.013072498142719269,
-0.005485684610903263,
0.03646599128842354,
-0.0627516433596611,
0.051022958010435104,
-0.03546920418739319,
-0.07258394360542297,
0.020027538761496544,
-0.01595144346356392,
0.00677298242226243,
-0.014414600096642971,
-0.008966871537268162,
0.024394934996962547,
-0.0007199665415100753,
0.03225434944033623,
-0.024270346388220787,
0.008243710733950138,
0.00760655989870429,
-0.008426180109381676,
-0.011661386117339134,
-0.001635703258216381,
0.026550332084298134,
-0.0016233460046350956,
-0.04102332144975662,
-0.04970956966280937,
0.017415834590792656,
-0.013115170411765575,
0.013973221182823181,
0.0006850329227745533,
-0.013190468773245811,
-0.011260774917900562,
0.03312298282980919,
0.004313030745834112,
-0.0325113907456398,
0.03359001874923706,
-0.030281275510787964,
0.0370463989675045,
0.104906365275383,
-0.02093038335442543,
-0.03681327775120735,
0.041240084916353226,
0.0072526028379797935,
-0.014217360876500607,
-0.05655621364712715,
0.0005694768042303622,
0.03897524252533913,
0.04180099442601204,
-0.03291148692369461,
0.06455796957015991,
0.029863078147172928,
-0.07040371000766754,
0.016703138127923012,
0.02855631895363331,
-0.04178307577967644,
0.058749567717313766,
-0.03887658193707466,
-0.02956358529627323,
0.03062891773879528,
0.010218960233032703,
-0.030711116269230843,
-0.02427484281361103,
0.053516995161771774,
-0.29025182127952576,
0.050900474190711975,
0.04086728394031525,
0.02331361174583435,
-0.011381108313798904,
0.03499235585331917,
0.022241275757551193,
-0.013596202246844769,
0.030331851914525032,
0.0412471741437912,
-0.056692853569984436,
0.029040303081274033,
-0.02962634526193142,
0.13424715399742126,
-0.01979631930589676,
0.020752262324094772,
0.05752144753932953,
-0.08191755414009094,
0.023557985201478004,
-0.0906090959906578,
-0.03539158031344414,
0.0010223760036751628,
0.14147406816482544,
0.029552018269896507,
0.034081682562828064,
-0.02325531095266342,
-0.038636352866888046,
0.01020897924900055,
0.012259531766176224,
-0.019245227798819542,
-0.004753082524985075,
0.059157844632864,
-0.019208084791898727,
-0.03040887601673603,
0.00690271845087409,
0.02381865307688713,
0.012949341908097267,
0.06968863308429718,
-0.03478599712252617,
-0.02624661475419998,
-0.01599014736711979,
0.02229304425418377,
0.00882990937680006,
-0.04559257999062538,
0.06481418013572693,
-0.04404314234852791,
-0.04485895484685898,
-0.03412948176264763,
-0.005362170282751322,
0.06840385496616364,
0.007042710669338703,
-0.03804942965507507,
0.048497769981622696,
0.01857757568359375,
0.025069663301110268,
0.019038228318095207,
-0.06178690120577812,
-0.009192054159939289,
0.00024011966888792813,
0.00956379808485508,
0.04806673154234886,
-0.04595315456390381,
0.017877602949738503,
0.009735711850225925,
0.10232093185186386
] |
PMID:6608 | Two slow conduction systems co-ordinate shell-climbing behaviour in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. | 1. Pulses in two slow conducting systems, the ectodermal SS 1 and the endodermal SS 2, were recorded during shell-climbing behaviour. The mean pulse interval of SS 1 pulses was 7-4 s and that of SS 2 pulses was 6-4 s. Activity in both systems may arise as a sensory response of tentacles to shell contact, but the SS 1 and SS 2 may not share the same receptors. 2. Electrical stimulation of the SS 1 and SS 2 together, at a frequency of 1 shock every 5 s, elicits shell-climbing behaviour in the absence of a shell. 3. Low-frequency nerve-net activity (about 1 pulse every 15 s) accompanies column bending during both normal and electrically elicited responses. This activity probably arises as a result of column bending and is not due to a sensory response to the shell. | Two slow conduction systems co-ordinate shell-climbing behaviour in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. 1. Pulses in two slow conducting systems, the ectodermal SS 1 and the endodermal SS 2, were recorded during shell-climbing behaviour. The mean pulse interval of SS 1 pulses was 7-4 s and that of SS 2 pulses was 6-4 s. Activity in both systems may arise as a sensory response of tentacles to shell contact, but the SS 1 and SS 2 may not share the same receptors. 2. Electrical stimulation of the SS 1 and SS 2 together, at a frequency of 1 shock every 5 s, elicits shell-climbing behaviour in the absence of a shell. 3. Low-frequency nerve-net activity (about 1 pulse every 15 s) accompanies column bending during both normal and electrically elicited responses. This activity probably arises as a result of column bending and is not due to a sensory response to the shell. | [
-0.019932374358177185,
-0.04052811861038208,
0.02062932401895523,
-0.013461297377943993,
-0.053740013390779495,
0.012016299180686474,
0.06509620696306229,
0.015211236663162708,
0.026440583169460297,
-0.03716479614377022,
0.023543011397123337,
-0.06883756071329117,
-0.01112198457121849,
0.040726516395807266,
-0.03227600082755089,
0.002433258341625333,
-0.004997794516384602,
0.03029751405119896,
-0.003078102832660079,
0.035375792533159256,
0.032371409237384796,
-0.002464448567479849,
-0.01886272430419922,
0.018124328926205635,
-0.08376768231391907,
-0.01078189816325903,
-0.008612695150077343,
-0.03989504277706146,
-0.06784844398498535,
-0.18703806400299072,
-0.007749892771244049,
0.031673211604356766,
0.02990901842713356,
0.0075569674372673035,
0.007551235146820545,
-0.005820482969284058,
0.004071374889463186,
-0.043372515588998795,
-0.009588955901563168,
0.06618994474411011,
-0.010641580447554588,
0.02566830813884735,
0.051760233938694,
0.00229827081784606,
-0.0036150184459984303,
-0.05544259399175644,
-0.005352628882974386,
-0.05245470255613327,
0.05939076468348503,
-0.08520542085170746,
-0.01092125941067934,
-0.03749832883477211,
0.03262276202440262,
0.011487719602882862,
0.010503069497644901,
-0.006126512307673693,
0.039862990379333496,
0.04448458179831505,
0.002128658117726445,
-0.022563396021723747,
0.04794944077730179,
0.053337376564741135,
-0.09971100836992264,
0.07077720016241074,
0.07649791240692139,
0.008025036193430424,
-0.047819800674915314,
-0.003623743774369359,
0.02843473106622696,
0.0315573513507843,
-0.024152202531695366,
-0.024428393691778183,
0.0093274787068367,
0.012591755017638206,
0.03625684231519699,
-0.019814010709524155,
-0.018936356529593468,
-0.031192386522889137,
0.01885100267827511,
0.012345556169748306,
-0.03310815617442131,
-0.02885625511407852,
-0.01625780202448368,
-0.030525071546435356,
0.030833402648568153,
-0.017025865614414215,
0.058840926736593246,
-0.05255252495408058,
-0.009540216997265816,
0.028654949739575386,
-0.056516364216804504,
-0.032357364892959595,
-0.05012380704283714,
0.007756897713989019,
-0.0664302408695221,
0.0307957474142313,
-0.0602109432220459,
-0.019929291680455208,
-0.022189751267433167,
0.3833141028881073,
-0.005847019609063864,
0.03636171296238899,
0.016441473737359047,
0.03482942655682564,
0.04878627881407738,
-0.007359733339399099,
0.010024902410805225,
-0.05312810838222504,
-0.01942308433353901,
0.08278962224721909,
0.03653551638126373,
-0.019781284034252167,
-0.037485312670469284,
-0.014265680685639381,
-0.00415689405053854,
0.006270564626902342,
-0.004897742997854948,
-0.007483757566660643,
-0.001774672418832779,
0.018507175147533417,
-0.07186748832464218,
-0.019849661737680435,
0.06469998508691788,
0.003259336343035102,
0.044317763298749924,
-0.012490405701100826,
-0.02419096790254116,
0.08299635350704193,
0.008963865227997303,
0.0073502701707184315,
0.050070080906152725,
0.01709108054637909,
-0.0069034104235470295,
-0.004259992856532335,
0.004588589537888765,
-0.01688157208263874,
0.018744707107543945,
-0.025540150701999664,
0.0027038329280912876,
-0.009215743280947208,
-0.05298003926873207,
-0.050906602293252945,
0.08036992698907852,
-0.08582198619842529,
-0.029537398368120193,
0.039761368185281754,
0.026417147368192673,
0.00986620131880045,
-0.04394957795739174,
0.0805400162935257,
-0.07653490453958511,
-0.027525829151272774,
0.043898455798625946,
-0.01396549679338932,
-0.008965717628598213,
-0.01584334298968315,
-0.03351067751646042,
0.04860832542181015,
-0.02073625847697258,
-0.04144632816314697,
-0.04742756485939026,
0.05189540609717369,
0.01082588080316782,
0.09570280462503433,
0.08311953395605087,
-0.04821009188890457,
0.0034652857575565577,
-0.008142782375216484,
-0.028529025614261627,
-0.05417369306087494,
-0.0032516582868993282,
0.05368804559111595,
0.028359411284327507,
-0.04446139186620712,
0.02210579253733158,
0.015508972108364105,
0.014248330146074295,
-0.05477273091673851,
0.0707731544971466,
0.06471061706542969,
0.048483956605196,
-0.03140667825937271,
-0.00005146499825059436,
-0.015911174938082695,
-0.0065445019863545895,
-0.0015874776290729642,
-0.05418122187256813,
0.028227807953953743,
-0.027144575491547585,
-0.009423433803021908,
0.0014911636244505644,
-0.06805925071239471,
-0.050206784158945084,
0.07807216048240662,
-0.08499801158905029,
-0.07406698912382126,
-0.013589420355856419,
-0.008291059173643589,
-0.05747460946440697,
0.03264232724905014,
0.06886482983827591,
-0.00007926537364255637,
0.0040099103935062885,
0.03439706563949585,
0.05004115402698517,
0.05185151472687721,
0.043268103152513504,
0.02328081987798214,
0.01786441169679165,
-0.012530796229839325,
-0.020352952182292938,
-0.018085233867168427,
0.04103684052824974,
-0.03535915166139603,
-0.017179518938064575,
0.06422413885593414,
0.0018575401045382023,
0.02875371277332306,
0.06698047369718552,
-0.021772000938653946,
0.017701754346489906,
-0.04023831710219383,
-0.05801815167069435,
-0.2966567873954773,
-0.03307405114173889,
0.00485745957121253,
-0.009019664488732815,
0.08563221246004105,
-0.02286193147301674,
0.0371658056974411,
-0.05379371717572212,
0.04336094856262207,
-0.1306144744157791,
0.01775895245373249,
-0.00672161253169179,
-0.05183118209242821,
-0.007168829906731844,
0.01331262569874525,
0.07752840965986252,
0.04729006439447403,
-0.007621909957379103,
0.05963528901338577,
0.06175285205245018,
-0.028126707300543785,
-0.010164502076804638,
0.0011401608353480697,
-0.019274314865469933,
-0.02730550244450569,
-0.010911451652646065,
0.12531670928001404,
0.04714826121926308,
0.04465216025710106,
-0.02219894342124462,
-0.03745836019515991,
0.053023118525743484,
0.032946500927209854,
-0.03363332152366638,
0.03374233841896057,
-0.0013186658034101129,
0.03218424692749977,
-0.07351546734571457,
0.020263437181711197,
-0.021237706765532494,
-0.0849030464887619,
0.0026405598036944866,
0.0028806086629629135,
-0.006720013916492462,
-0.03135346993803978,
-0.018587743863463402,
0.030477222055196762,
-0.003489752532914281,
0.04585763439536095,
-0.04963422194123268,
0.01965196430683136,
0.003589971922338009,
0.016573624685406685,
-0.02966626174747944,
-0.016351250931620598,
-0.0006074105040170252,
-0.012430685572326183,
-0.03701513633131981,
-0.061041999608278275,
0.03870678320527077,
0.019171414896845818,
0.01821865141391754,
0.03189292177557945,
-0.04277659207582474,
-0.017631467431783676,
0.06468088924884796,
-0.012591511942446232,
0.017679234966635704,
0.05449477955698967,
-0.030033927410840988,
0.0043904767371714115,
0.10731969028711319,
0.012134535238146782,
-0.026939889416098595,
0.007292285095900297,
-0.017203621566295624,
-0.0053779492154717445,
-0.05343427136540413,
0.024791091680526733,
0.03271496295928955,
0.027571897953748703,
-0.05299944058060646,
0.034601036459207535,
0.02475821226835251,
-0.05321104824542999,
-0.021288638934493065,
0.009194735437631607,
-0.03579648584127426,
0.055194586515426636,
-0.04209690913558006,
-0.03722894564270973,
0.013634171336889267,
-0.026476090773940086,
-0.025056658312678337,
-0.009307971224188805,
0.062026746571063995,
-0.2940729260444641,
0.04585489258170128,
0.060295991599559784,
0.005757310427725315,
-0.003926246426999569,
0.02385099232196808,
0.020801803097128868,
-0.012963810935616493,
0.014297387562692165,
0.028278686106204987,
-0.0583181157708168,
0.019764689728617668,
-0.02192118391394615,
0.08880814909934998,
-0.02745988592505455,
0.04872838407754898,
0.05095412954688072,
-0.03679873049259186,
0.06666868180036545,
-0.060664087533950806,
-0.0669853612780571,
0.008266109973192215,
0.13649354875087738,
0.059364140033721924,
0.04291193559765816,
-0.01690969429910183,
-0.008189150132238865,
-0.028182225301861763,
0.00898144580423832,
-0.02798963151872158,
-0.0028796992264688015,
0.0573454275727272,
-0.027854137122631073,
-0.040983330458402634,
0.002510854508727789,
0.0552951842546463,
0.01997269131243229,
0.05342387408018112,
-0.029435576871037483,
-0.05722816661000252,
-0.011333828791975975,
0.029182584956288338,
0.015295825898647308,
-0.03323974832892418,
0.09633597731590271,
-0.05492211505770683,
-0.04943585395812988,
-0.03403674438595772,
-0.011344627477228642,
0.0758904293179512,
-0.052603062242269516,
-0.029071208089590073,
0.06598902493715286,
0.0013864334905520082,
0.041551340371370316,
0.01462419144809246,
-0.06327173858880997,
-0.0018948335200548172,
-0.013573643751442432,
-0.04872366786003113,
0.04216519370675087,
-0.038603514432907104,
0.03546309471130371,
-0.017323464155197144,
0.1010916531085968
] |
PMID:6609 | Responses of trout gill ion transport systems to acute acidosis. | The response of rainbow trout Na+ and Cl- uptake systems to acute acidosis was tested by slow infusion of lactic acid into anaesthetized animals. Depression of blood pH by 0-4 pH unit had no effect on influx rates for either ion, and we conclude that gill ion uptake systems do not respond rapidly to blood pH changes. | Responses of trout gill ion transport systems to acute acidosis. The response of rainbow trout Na+ and Cl- uptake systems to acute acidosis was tested by slow infusion of lactic acid into anaesthetized animals. Depression of blood pH by 0-4 pH unit had no effect on influx rates for either ion, and we conclude that gill ion uptake systems do not respond rapidly to blood pH changes. | [
-0.08854161947965622,
-0.0453341007232666,
-0.00961798895150423,
0.07324674725532532,
0.005477686878293753,
-0.04531620815396309,
0.08862423151731491,
0.049667637795209885,
-0.032392486929893494,
-0.0002725976810324937,
0.04575938358902931,
-0.130367711186409,
0.029469652101397514,
0.003183332970365882,
-0.012454490177333355,
-0.0017714471323415637,
0.02613157592713833,
-0.009819841012358665,
-0.08048688620328903,
0.015478675253689289,
0.03547672554850578,
0.011867547407746315,
0.009907832369208336,
-0.055182307958602905,
-0.007082758471369743,
0.015587723813951015,
0.009572709910571575,
0.001281113363802433,
-0.07491357624530792,
-0.162700816988945,
-0.04859868437051773,
-0.033826231956481934,
-0.0027042601723223925,
-0.06908844411373138,
-0.06362133473157883,
0.03625715151429176,
-0.05360538884997368,
-0.06026420742273331,
0.0034003162290900946,
0.07259685546159744,
0.027649903669953346,
0.053274381905794144,
-0.015321237966418266,
0.03793291002511978,
-0.08562568575143814,
-0.01574525609612465,
-0.0015158657915890217,
0.009121757932007313,
0.1071128100156784,
-0.003214352997019887,
-0.03791297972202301,
-0.013804104179143906,
0.05376052483916283,
0.03473646566271782,
0.004470273852348328,
-0.023837927728891373,
0.007315781433135271,
0.02494504489004612,
0.020917324349284172,
-0.05739373341202736,
0.04126381501555443,
-0.024797040969133377,
-0.12358278036117554,
0.08120744675397873,
0.0074698105454444885,
0.05848841741681099,
-0.08361097425222397,
0.02434537373483181,
0.058610107749700546,
0.02601432427763939,
-0.06222597882151604,
0.020466802641749382,
-0.015998559072613716,
0.008600135333836079,
0.05212809145450592,
-0.022063879296183586,
0.020115811377763748,
0.018894152715802193,
0.027299564331769943,
-0.03347763046622276,
-0.017703954130411148,
-0.03982073813676834,
-0.011297803372144699,
0.003670159727334976,
0.057622913271188736,
-0.018807198852300644,
0.023076632991433144,
-0.05479376018047333,
-0.004436382558196783,
0.00047204570728354156,
0.0019298496190458536,
-0.046500660479068756,
-0.038338709622621536,
0.04813597351312637,
-0.05561056360602379,
0.07501295208930969,
0.00616464763879776,
-0.04482511058449745,
-0.041289106011390686,
0.3768537938594818,
0.010848517529666424,
0.07376059144735336,
-0.0017558406107127666,
0.006715416442602873,
0.017250774428248405,
-0.004298423882573843,
-0.03261128067970276,
-0.021783893927931786,
-0.06255955249071121,
0.014900661073625088,
0.03671799972653389,
-0.01566339284181595,
0.01176450401544571,
-0.021029463037848473,
-0.05833006650209427,
0.04098067805171013,
0.014322084374725819,
-0.006245804484933615,
0.01984153315424919,
-0.01935371197760105,
-0.09876393526792526,
0.0081912437453866,
0.03952077403664589,
-0.038402728736400604,
0.06968329101800919,
0.019307086244225502,
0.04217231273651123,
0.05535663664340973,
0.00982116349041462,
0.026787210255861282,
0.06041521951556206,
0.02658640593290329,
-0.03632574528455734,
-0.0430314764380455,
-0.02871551550924778,
0.005584994331002235,
0.05305070802569389,
-0.08590339869260788,
0.012638336047530174,
0.024251146242022514,
-0.04976891353726387,
-0.07621773332357407,
-0.05046538636088371,
-0.07965394109487534,
-0.06908098608255386,
0.06448611617088318,
0.05706200376152992,
0.012733617797493935,
-0.07948915660381317,
0.0053083403035998344,
-0.017264707013964653,
0.022022230550646782,
0.010297330096364021,
-0.020220331847667694,
-0.035512976348400116,
-0.05803462490439415,
-0.023470325395464897,
0.022964147850871086,
0.05070848762989044,
-0.016961997374892235,
-0.03366823121905327,
-0.009627038612961769,
-0.045828040689229965,
0.08879929035902023,
0.035369623452425,
0.028234019875526428,
-0.011668042279779911,
-0.022374415770173073,
0.014891990460455418,
0.013898572884500027,
-0.039299242198467255,
-0.015686189755797386,
0.05344459041953087,
-0.09401006251573563,
-0.020290933549404144,
0.005584492348134518,
-0.023788107559084892,
-0.04182527959346771,
0.004668911918997765,
-0.02732139267027378,
0.051380448043346405,
0.04508077725768089,
-0.016897236928343773,
0.05136216804385185,
0.06338943541049957,
-0.02810618467628956,
-0.07854005694389343,
-0.018814943730831146,
-0.012125329114496708,
0.006877136882394552,
-0.03838919475674629,
-0.0010977626079693437,
-0.03409434109926224,
0.04459071904420853,
-0.01140795461833477,
-0.016896219924092293,
0.003356719156727195,
-0.04909525439143181,
0.0020493753254413605,
0.02118748426437378,
0.016311177983880043,
-0.003170605981722474,
-0.020096002146601677,
0.013941055163741112,
0.03197472542524338,
0.03144633769989014,
-0.03055107593536377,
0.011425766162574291,
0.017937565222382545,
0.02470293641090393,
-0.016611332073807716,
-0.040197018533945084,
-0.038578517735004425,
-0.010640607215464115,
-0.03525400906801224,
0.03080717846751213,
0.03238987922668457,
-0.006592356134206057,
0.0415940061211586,
-0.02623574063181877,
0.04170529916882515,
-0.08335474878549576,
-0.014979388564825058,
-0.28167083859443665,
0.009017037227749825,
0.046931713819503784,
0.015372652560472488,
0.10728070139884949,
-0.03360060602426529,
0.03247426077723503,
-0.031895823776721954,
0.01070618350058794,
-0.00418058130890131,
0.019684167578816414,
-0.00257155136205256,
0.013842516578733921,
-0.03164011612534523,
0.07453756779432297,
0.05228283256292343,
0.03629045560956001,
0.01206841878592968,
0.05262298882007599,
0.03964566811919212,
0.08390673249959946,
0.002813556930050254,
0.027234697714447975,
0.02612367272377014,
0.07961316406726837,
0.03609749674797058,
0.1078101173043251,
-0.04008135944604874,
0.013777604326605797,
-0.018393972888588905,
0.003109879791736603,
0.0462515689432621,
0.046157557517290115,
-0.05848824977874756,
0.005104193929582834,
-0.023773301392793655,
0.016307689249515533,
-0.018389206379652023,
0.011980638839304447,
-0.005142007488757372,
-0.058339763432741165,
0.0001235418749274686,
-0.0843292847275734,
-0.004756900481879711,
-0.004233101382851601,
0.010157397948205471,
0.029415912926197052,
0.01082697045058012,
-0.01395493932068348,
-0.0650968998670578,
0.05312385410070419,
-0.005398745182901621,
0.04624772071838379,
-0.029391296207904816,
0.0662098303437233,
0.015181218273937702,
-0.03148617222905159,
0.049901220947504044,
-0.09015452861785889,
-0.05373333394527435,
0.012157104909420013,
0.02758205682039261,
-0.011323634535074234,
-0.02429348975419998,
-0.022665711119771004,
0.05234457179903984,
0.002401564968749881,
0.03259282559156418,
0.004316475708037615,
-0.011531106196343899,
0.00714494613930583,
0.1205042377114296,
-0.002974043833091855,
0.08010813593864441,
0.0020622871816158295,
0.05678081512451172,
-0.07289234548807144,
-0.043570227921009064,
-0.029350582510232925,
-0.008533620275557041,
0.029210273176431656,
-0.08653250336647034,
0.06866219639778137,
0.0023845541290938854,
0.05515144020318985,
0.05822701379656792,
-0.0109819695353508,
0.0013704829616472125,
0.033472005277872086,
0.020442528650164604,
-0.002007291652262211,
-0.006511055398732424,
-0.08487313985824585,
-0.05475560203194618,
0.034922175109386444,
0.07328307628631592,
-0.22366006672382355,
-0.013300959952175617,
0.08037733286619186,
-0.035775016993284225,
-0.021373776718974113,
0.06232078745961189,
0.024095887318253517,
-0.05480419099330902,
0.0006475311820395291,
0.04812554270029068,
-0.004755666479468346,
0.03129834309220314,
0.03249523788690567,
0.05048396810889244,
0.005943677853792906,
0.04608127847313881,
0.02646021544933319,
-0.07270938158035278,
0.03184788301587105,
-0.031223829835653305,
-0.006451284047216177,
-0.013421925716102123,
0.13338707387447357,
0.007624368648976088,
0.025490306317806244,
0.030036136507987976,
0.0025235661305487156,
-0.038164589554071426,
-0.056179486215114594,
0.0003975238651037216,
0.0495893731713295,
0.07246766239404678,
-0.01878655143082142,
-0.041885171085596085,
0.029713841155171394,
0.07073066383600235,
-0.054436732083559036,
-0.018790503963828087,
-0.06217457726597786,
0.009200401604175568,
-0.013057581149041653,
0.020758744329214096,
-0.06102324277162552,
-0.01918390393257141,
0.04279646649956703,
-0.0005782932857982814,
-0.025889184325933456,
-0.0506475456058979,
0.009122936055064201,
0.007450501434504986,
-0.036894552409648895,
-0.01114689651876688,
0.05833891034126282,
0.008220602758228779,
0.017666559666395187,
-0.028235776349902153,
-0.0060100797563791275,
-0.04677863046526909,
-0.03754192963242531,
-0.06457293778657913,
0.10128365457057953,
-0.011790997348725796,
0.01561806071549654,
0.017392784357070923,
0.05256098508834839
] |
PMID:6610 | On the interaction of NH+4 and Na+ fluxes in the isolated trout gill. | 1. Sodium influx was measured in isolated, previously perfused gill arches of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, by measuring incorporation of 22Na into gill tissue following timed exposure to a 1 mM 22NaCl medium. Transport rates approximated those estimated for intact fish and were linear for at least one min. 2. NH4Cl-containing perfusates at pH 7 and 8 stimulated Na+ influx equally, indicating that only ionized ammonia is important in the transport process. A Na+/NH4+ exchange at basal and/or lateral membranes of the transporting cells is suggested. 3. Low-sodium Ringer perfusate augmented Na+ influx; in one group of gills the transport rate was more than double that of NaCl Ringer controls. The increase in transport induced by internal NH4+ was not additive with the low sodium augmentation. A reduction in intracellular (Na+) is postulated as the mechanism operating in both cases. 4. Ouabain had no appreciable effect on Na+ influx, either with or without NH4+ in the perfusate. Diamox partially blocked the augmented Na+ influx induced by NH4+. Amiloride completely inhibited Na+ influx, both with and without NH4+ in the perfusate. | On the interaction of NH+4 and Na+ fluxes in the isolated trout gill. 1. Sodium influx was measured in isolated, previously perfused gill arches of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, by measuring incorporation of 22Na into gill tissue following timed exposure to a 1 mM 22NaCl medium. Transport rates approximated those estimated for intact fish and were linear for at least one min. 2. NH4Cl-containing perfusates at pH 7 and 8 stimulated Na+ influx equally, indicating that only ionized ammonia is important in the transport process. A Na+/NH4+ exchange at basal and/or lateral membranes of the transporting cells is suggested. 3. Low-sodium Ringer perfusate augmented Na+ influx; in one group of gills the transport rate was more than double that of NaCl Ringer controls. The increase in transport induced by internal NH4+ was not additive with the low sodium augmentation. A reduction in intracellular (Na+) is postulated as the mechanism operating in both cases. 4. Ouabain had no appreciable effect on Na+ influx, either with or without NH4+ in the perfusate. Diamox partially blocked the augmented Na+ influx induced by NH4+. Amiloride completely inhibited Na+ influx, both with and without NH4+ in the perfusate. | [
-0.0525531992316246,
-0.07565375417470932,
-0.05933201685547829,
0.017816705629229546,
0.00947499368339777,
-0.051872313022613525,
0.05030183866620064,
0.01139502227306366,
-0.034810878336429596,
-0.01692606322467327,
0.017856737598776817,
-0.13410069048404694,
0.025055816397070885,
-0.0272666085511446,
-0.00873640552163124,
0.025204451754689217,
-0.016250288113951683,
-0.0032768717501312494,
-0.04142582789063454,
-0.010920700617134571,
0.029579879716038704,
-0.011909988708794117,
0.047855257987976074,
-0.024082783609628677,
0.009306201711297035,
0.03771227225661278,
0.014794474467635155,
-0.0019394151167944074,
-0.027730943635106087,
-0.212165966629982,
-0.047537583857774734,
0.006057595834136009,
-0.01144036091864109,
-0.03138364106416702,
-0.10194037854671478,
0.04057051241397858,
-0.036103032529354095,
-0.018973298370838165,
0.0032977645751088858,
0.0755482167005539,
0.012634502723813057,
-0.0032029133290052414,
-0.03190591558814049,
0.07121111452579498,
-0.024406448006629944,
0.004030412994325161,
-0.03430773317813873,
0.010435527190566063,
0.11512542515993118,
0.0045190295204520226,
0.009668339975178242,
-0.0144861601293087,
0.035316865891218185,
0.01042717881500721,
0.04399792104959488,
0.0008018627995625138,
0.013743862509727478,
0.021732285618782043,
0.021022800356149673,
-0.021865349262952805,
0.06210438162088394,
0.07156851142644882,
-0.1226593554019928,
0.08644450455904007,
0.03205201402306557,
0.018795959651470184,
-0.07159711420536041,
0.027646027505397797,
0.03546960651874542,
0.0029378030449151993,
-0.0810612365603447,
0.019164472818374634,
-0.04645833000540733,
-0.03184463456273079,
0.048831988126039505,
-0.006696673110127449,
-0.011156358756124973,
0.006203089840710163,
-0.006270701065659523,
0.0010819253511726856,
-0.01288330927491188,
-0.0336604043841362,
-0.03241050988435745,
-0.01344920415431261,
0.04719599336385727,
0.0022216562647372484,
0.08855155110359192,
-0.06047870218753815,
-0.01980794407427311,
0.009342665784060955,
-0.06589442491531372,
-0.007314581423997879,
-0.03949230909347534,
-0.02335473895072937,
-0.025643767789006233,
0.07145174592733383,
0.008011708036065102,
-0.003311113454401493,
-0.0480818897485733,
0.40106549859046936,
0.018322758376598358,
0.03323505073785782,
-0.07180124521255493,
0.04695594683289528,
-0.0023636806290596724,
-0.008615894243121147,
-0.023490039631724358,
0.003493736032396555,
-0.009136305190622807,
0.043745022267103195,
0.07891561836004257,
-0.00113403657451272,
-0.004990078508853912,
-0.03388409689068794,
-0.02870706468820572,
0.03031780757009983,
0.026531469076871872,
-0.03253832459449768,
-0.019578827545046806,
0.021532192826271057,
-0.05142251402139664,
0.001630760612897575,
0.0832027867436409,
-0.018568849191069603,
0.056956592947244644,
-0.0228709876537323,
-0.018959999084472656,
0.0488351546227932,
0.03205888718366623,
0.0036872532218694687,
0.08710073679685593,
0.052855484187603,
-0.03727994114160538,
-0.007767516188323498,
-0.03153572231531143,
-0.014094403013586998,
0.005583533085882664,
-0.09473343193531036,
0.014438801445066929,
-0.004536365624517202,
-0.0725831389427185,
-0.0766170471906662,
-0.06258703023195267,
-0.07206425070762634,
-0.04830855503678322,
0.08198065310716629,
0.04686591029167175,
0.0031772905495017767,
-0.04338883236050606,
-0.04340345785021782,
-0.027288030833005905,
0.05466179549694061,
-0.03160705789923668,
-0.013657361268997192,
-0.009012561291456223,
-0.04906783625483513,
-0.05516638606786728,
0.015430113300681114,
0.010954833589494228,
0.008201719261705875,
-0.09028571844100952,
-0.031033048406243324,
-0.01251828670501709,
0.06076725199818611,
0.030475562438368797,
-0.0002550558710936457,
0.012876280583441257,
0.022983072325587273,
-0.005544200539588928,
0.02629154361784458,
-0.045218441635370255,
-0.012810099869966507,
0.032666899263858795,
-0.0383664034307003,
0.0017052262555807829,
0.02827894128859043,
0.01636296696960926,
-0.052630841732025146,
-0.00406397832557559,
-0.04297298565506935,
0.05080009251832962,
0.012337498366832733,
-0.012139374390244484,
0.057743318378925323,
0.061455029994249344,
-0.01774468459188938,
-0.066613107919693,
0.0015136483125388622,
-0.0031601085793226957,
0.032362692058086395,
-0.0472949780523777,
-0.0018995145801454782,
-0.053894419223070145,
0.09012283384799957,
-0.01071088295429945,
-0.017231324687600136,
-0.028414227068424225,
-0.047607675194740295,
-0.03630567714571953,
-0.0015047099441289902,
0.055459726601839066,
0.00017637084238231182,
0.01272520050406456,
0.030753500759601593,
0.01931394264101982,
0.027605293318629265,
-0.017986377701163292,
0.045378126204013824,
0.023618044331669807,
0.020719917491078377,
-0.03080766275525093,
-0.01949360966682434,
-0.023879457265138626,
0.008440379984676838,
-0.02030913159251213,
0.0028675731737166643,
0.06359460204839706,
0.046360429376363754,
0.08024045079946518,
-0.04408369958400726,
0.010866627097129822,
-0.1118209958076477,
-0.07856331765651703,
-0.2975623309612274,
0.005480386316776276,
0.05612507089972496,
0.002864600159227848,
0.1013704240322113,
-0.05241972953081131,
0.045150529593229294,
-0.014811113476753235,
0.01347111165523529,
-0.020693806931376457,
0.024449210613965988,
-0.003212274983525276,
-0.002217254601418972,
-0.008837168104946613,
0.07379427552223206,
0.056916214525699615,
0.041494220495224,
0.022902831435203552,
0.01717684045433998,
0.029957957565784454,
0.08088647574186325,
0.02542407438158989,
0.008937474340200424,
0.008961719460785389,
0.007909625768661499,
-0.017824726179242134,
0.10254894942045212,
-0.003054623492062092,
0.024859093129634857,
0.002445679623633623,
0.022237572818994522,
0.021576369181275368,
-0.0018338867230340838,
-0.05490187183022499,
-0.04715483635663986,
-0.05477283522486687,
0.01733274571597576,
-0.009870789013803005,
0.04455474391579628,
-0.023584242910146713,
-0.075522780418396,
0.012503636069595814,
-0.014944200403988361,
-0.004640445113182068,
-0.011325771920382977,
-0.03619452565908432,
0.010540041141211987,
-0.005164646077901125,
-0.011176493018865585,
-0.053479257971048355,
0.07855377346277237,
-0.03302822634577751,
0.06518156826496124,
-0.03807726502418518,
0.054964255541563034,
-0.013342424295842648,
-0.011763477697968483,
0.022824758663773537,
-0.07094774395227432,
-0.019909976050257683,
-0.03068842738866806,
0.022159146144986153,
0.015987517312169075,
-0.029025591909885406,
-0.05470114201307297,
0.07971969246864319,
-0.022721629589796066,
0.07214146852493286,
-0.013515196740627289,
-0.007334212772548199,
0.028033219277858734,
0.08745680749416351,
0.015250148251652718,
0.05843571946024895,
-0.018471987918019295,
0.06707967817783356,
-0.048194658011198044,
-0.06016368791460991,
-0.01787935383617878,
0.010573986917734146,
-0.012380141764879227,
-0.08635712414979935,
0.09114713966846466,
0.010146643966436386,
-0.014884646050632,
0.04893192648887634,
0.006847432814538479,
-0.007888481952250004,
0.03281596675515175,
0.037784431129693985,
0.03260108456015587,
0.011265578679740429,
-0.028307393193244934,
-0.051508285105228424,
0.02080833539366722,
0.025883907452225685,
-0.22186297178268433,
-0.02949751541018486,
0.05798497423529625,
-0.015394603833556175,
-0.014508184045553207,
0.0656479224562645,
0.04590989276766777,
-0.05578748881816864,
-0.025718973949551582,
0.017586054280400276,
0.004776401445269585,
0.01699528470635414,
0.014395397156476974,
0.043133314698934555,
0.03476962447166443,
0.049860209226608276,
0.0335969552397728,
-0.030683573335409164,
-0.0001647207245696336,
-0.03796835616230965,
0.005470798816531897,
-0.016504473984241486,
0.13117338716983795,
-0.021710652858018875,
0.00510464096441865,
0.02593638189136982,
-0.008488516323268414,
-0.004515068605542183,
-0.01969248428940773,
-0.01707574911415577,
0.031797219067811966,
0.0669993981719017,
0.04028543457388878,
-0.02280610427260399,
0.04300437122583389,
0.016193769872188568,
-0.02709471434354782,
0.003547987900674343,
-0.014814923517405987,
-0.054016657173633575,
0.009798044338822365,
0.006391540169715881,
-0.0779959037899971,
0.019590726122260094,
0.05134304240345955,
0.011833655647933483,
-0.02688170038163662,
-0.06978382915258408,
0.029363444074988365,
0.010236261412501335,
-0.008120577782392502,
-0.01596619375050068,
0.06341332942247391,
0.01704649068415165,
0.029025331139564514,
-0.052902769297361374,
-0.037137482315301895,
-0.05505828559398651,
-0.002608748385682702,
0.0004663034633267671,
0.03542621433734894,
-0.02036668360233307,
0.014107897877693176,
0.001977941021323204,
0.09556660801172256
] |
PMID:6611 | The mobilization of calcium and bicarbonate by raised concentrations of potassium in the haemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia. | 1. After the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph of Helix pomatia has been raised by the infusion of KCl, it falls approximately exponentially for a time and then tends to rise. The accompanying rise and fall of calcium concentration can be fitted to a simple mathematical model. 2. The mobilization of calcium is accompanied by the generation of bicarbonate in equivalent amounts, without much change in pH or Pco2. 3. There is probably an increased production or retention of carbon dioxide at this time, but the main cause of the changes in calcium and bicarbonate is not respiratory acidosis. 4. The concentration of potassium rises in snalis that have been infused with CaCl2. 5. The adverse responses visible in snails infused with KCl are largely prevented when CaCl2 is infused at the same time. 6. Homeostasis seems to involve the maintenance of a proper balance of calcium and potassium concentrations. | The mobilization of calcium and bicarbonate by raised concentrations of potassium in the haemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia. 1. After the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph of Helix pomatia has been raised by the infusion of KCl, it falls approximately exponentially for a time and then tends to rise. The accompanying rise and fall of calcium concentration can be fitted to a simple mathematical model. 2. The mobilization of calcium is accompanied by the generation of bicarbonate in equivalent amounts, without much change in pH or Pco2. 3. There is probably an increased production or retention of carbon dioxide at this time, but the main cause of the changes in calcium and bicarbonate is not respiratory acidosis. 4. The concentration of potassium rises in snalis that have been infused with CaCl2. 5. The adverse responses visible in snails infused with KCl are largely prevented when CaCl2 is infused at the same time. 6. Homeostasis seems to involve the maintenance of a proper balance of calcium and potassium concentrations. | [
-0.04679600149393082,
-0.04173000529408455,
0.018738094717264175,
0.009573893621563911,
-0.026586810126900673,
-0.09474768489599228,
0.06425199657678604,
0.021687481552362442,
-0.06164652854204178,
0.033095505088567734,
0.03781801462173462,
-0.16382832825183868,
0.01192268542945385,
0.06366781890392303,
0.01644974946975708,
-0.004432087764143944,
-0.01719723828136921,
0.015523039735853672,
-0.11936180293560028,
-0.01881418190896511,
-0.002394154667854309,
-0.00048437126679345965,
0.03361240029335022,
-0.00842133816331625,
0.014007906429469585,
-0.028861436992883682,
-0.019015910103917122,
0.005714876111596823,
-0.0032519183587282896,
-0.19444501399993896,
0.008511465042829514,
-0.01642989180982113,
0.03363053873181343,
-0.053223080933094025,
-0.0019881948828697205,
0.023382609710097313,
-0.04914270341396332,
-0.008887606672942638,
0.0013738354900851846,
0.10016357898712158,
0.011287887580692768,
0.06431683897972107,
0.019621295854449272,
0.05243336036801338,
-0.013838336803019047,
-0.012512597255408764,
-0.006530416198074818,
0.028560321778059006,
0.08791195601224899,
0.010244600474834442,
0.03263894468545914,
0.008862346410751343,
-0.037751682102680206,
0.036335792392492294,
-0.010319883935153484,
-0.03580552712082863,
0.0013059463817626238,
0.07179905474185944,
0.05657421797513962,
0.03688458353281021,
0.0020242156460881233,
0.032385602593421936,
-0.08609448373317719,
0.03877731412649155,
0.07355432212352753,
0.05282047018408775,
-0.04724233224987984,
0.0033104373142123222,
0.0334487184882164,
0.03758703172206879,
-0.019675474613904953,
0.034566137939691544,
0.022375160828232765,
0.01933453604578972,
0.06249987706542015,
-0.02268526703119278,
0.017517104744911194,
0.0030339404474943876,
0.00646103173494339,
0.03182926028966904,
0.024252746254205704,
0.040905602276325226,
0.0007380173774436116,
-0.0416230745613575,
0.01611432246863842,
-0.05450154095888138,
-0.009426278062164783,
-0.04844200611114502,
-0.009760432876646519,
0.015936780720949173,
-0.024036161601543427,
-0.03777124360203743,
-0.02909918688237667,
0.0014648805372416973,
-0.05504301190376282,
0.01286801416426897,
0.004477445501834154,
-0.00008553540101274848,
0.01252675149589777,
0.371150940656662,
0.01242094486951828,
0.0009336853981949389,
-0.04514503851532936,
0.012112529017031193,
0.016139408573508263,
-0.03277767449617386,
-0.012377350591123104,
-0.006455979309976101,
0.006680621765553951,
0.008787564001977444,
0.054554153233766556,
0.011269478127360344,
-0.016283046454191208,
-0.007899422198534012,
-0.010229810141026974,
0.028772490099072456,
0.0501958429813385,
0.033238738775253296,
-0.05082893744111061,
0.06899081915616989,
-0.024010829627513885,
0.0460091158747673,
0.033556267619132996,
0.004409718327224255,
0.06923041492700577,
0.022504962980747223,
0.030452623963356018,
0.04473863169550896,
0.02739102579653263,
-0.00020920814131386578,
0.0705435499548912,
0.02076372690498829,
-0.035137444734573364,
-0.059556037187576294,
-0.06231415644288063,
-0.04461205005645752,
0.028206342831254005,
-0.03533915802836418,
0.0033426054287701845,
-0.010828373022377491,
-0.07285626232624054,
-0.07784764468669891,
-0.014368223026394844,
-0.0821492075920105,
-0.02643871307373047,
0.08216313272714615,
0.05636530742049217,
0.07649143040180206,
-0.03425570949912071,
-0.038137491792440414,
-0.07898852229118347,
0.011864014901220798,
-0.01816917583346367,
0.025511201471090317,
0.006973139941692352,
-0.011056153103709221,
-0.028880054131150246,
0.061266038566827774,
0.040504876524209976,
-0.021478421986103058,
-0.07645350694656372,
-0.018425460904836655,
0.030477305874228477,
0.083522267639637,
0.03743978962302208,
0.02647414617240429,
-0.034080203622579575,
-0.01701091043651104,
0.01873861439526081,
-0.017872029915452003,
0.008217515423893929,
0.06294773519039154,
-0.054585397243499756,
-0.06913045048713684,
0.0466209277510643,
0.015727804973721504,
-0.025617534294724464,
-0.005690617486834526,
0.0867779478430748,
-0.02818324975669384,
0.05765283480286598,
0.021977867931127548,
-0.06933525204658508,
0.013571039773523808,
0.021178629249334335,
-0.08195198327302933,
-0.12924115359783173,
0.022969063371419907,
0.017551228404045105,
0.04773645102977753,
-0.027338026091456413,
-0.0008277725428342819,
-0.07360395789146423,
0.004534945357590914,
-0.006167995743453503,
-0.016038890928030014,
-0.0412151999771595,
-0.032102346420288086,
-0.053114864975214005,
0.027290431782603264,
0.013360047712922096,
0.0008266619988717139,
-0.04097971320152283,
0.013610991649329662,
0.0017972264904528856,
0.019619088619947433,
0.03808434680104256,
0.037366606295108795,
0.03004949539899826,
-0.0019071336137130857,
0.02613692358136177,
0.021178191527724266,
-0.02212516777217388,
-0.030658232048153877,
-0.023425718769431114,
0.0383097343146801,
-0.05184049904346466,
-0.013256844133138657,
0.06290807574987411,
-0.028642287477850914,
0.06247973069548607,
-0.026838041841983795,
0.0008160497527569532,
-0.30989789962768555,
-0.0015208030818030238,
0.05001318082213402,
0.02483324706554413,
0.09797962009906769,
-0.060802750289440155,
0.047461990267038345,
-0.03752598911523819,
-0.012360315769910812,
-0.04139040783047676,
0.03072449378669262,
0.0410829596221447,
-0.015300728380680084,
-0.01849750056862831,
0.014254889450967312,
-0.006383453030139208,
0.041454944759607315,
0.016957316547632217,
-0.005717276129871607,
0.03185892105102539,
-0.0016828778898343444,
-0.0553157776594162,
0.019735978916287422,
-0.0074486988596618176,
0.003118641674518585,
0.034308046102523804,
0.09360020607709885,
-0.00016621519171167165,
-0.013179652392864227,
-0.0322120264172554,
-0.03313911706209183,
0.008026358671486378,
0.022501138970255852,
-0.059980977326631546,
0.023179326206445694,
-0.01553814671933651,
0.01974925771355629,
-0.015302283689379692,
-0.013883688487112522,
-0.018345728516578674,
-0.047095637768507004,
0.029745768755674362,
-0.08753364533185959,
0.021013926714658737,
-0.005424825474619865,
0.007382228970527649,
0.00017008678696583956,
0.05113593116402626,
0.04197418689727783,
-0.0588679239153862,
0.030400268733501434,
0.0471985749900341,
-0.02798399329185486,
-0.03122982569038868,
0.014638569205999374,
-0.03160810098052025,
0.013481827452778816,
0.001492033712565899,
-0.07467947155237198,
-0.049453191459178925,
-0.005729861557483673,
0.04072113707661629,
0.0327511802315712,
0.01595347374677658,
-0.0517713725566864,
0.048659879714250565,
0.014187132939696312,
0.012494719587266445,
0.028061727061867714,
-0.028612270951271057,
0.05221718177199364,
0.12318846583366394,
-0.027914904057979584,
-0.014851424843072891,
0.04292871803045273,
0.05241318792104721,
-0.04997105523943901,
-0.00890261773020029,
-0.009780235588550568,
-0.011800605803728104,
0.0245838426053524,
-0.0893184095621109,
0.029353516176342964,
0.019883161410689354,
-0.06766030192375183,
0.029560325667262077,
0.024281468242406845,
-0.03408867493271828,
0.038066890090703964,
-0.031200626865029335,
-0.025070998817682266,
0.03601498529314995,
-0.031092483550310135,
-0.03163091093301773,
0.020248092710971832,
0.03803373500704765,
-0.29204896092414856,
0.03642813488841057,
0.04886450991034508,
-0.037063028663396835,
0.01902477815747261,
0.027764465659856796,
0.05038215592503548,
0.019616594538092613,
-0.011040936224162579,
0.011654664762318134,
0.02415095828473568,
0.01991080492734909,
-0.017054062336683273,
0.07566006481647491,
0.005687713623046875,
0.030316516757011414,
0.02520100772380829,
-0.09866669028997421,
-0.0005297634052112699,
-0.05546080321073532,
-0.042498521506786346,
-0.021040357649326324,
0.1357523798942566,
0.01380920223891735,
-0.02957422286272049,
-0.03739536181092262,
-0.011601345613598824,
0.033688515424728394,
-0.004569572862237692,
-0.014179226011037827,
-0.013497320003807545,
0.04434540495276451,
0.0292122233659029,
-0.00046133348951116204,
0.01683015376329422,
0.0065024723298847675,
-0.003501684870570898,
0.0015128834638744593,
-0.059076983481645584,
0.011061389930546284,
0.021773211658000946,
0.000429595704190433,
-0.0792388767004013,
-0.06135597452521324,
0.0833866149187088,
-0.023826006799936295,
-0.016505593433976173,
-0.046024855226278305,
0.04598770663142204,
-0.014156024903059006,
-0.05823974683880806,
-0.03609181568026543,
0.05264103412628174,
0.07757461816072464,
-0.01130739226937294,
0.009691438637673855,
-0.015265627764165401,
0.02825547754764557,
-0.0620233379304409,
-0.021566340699791908,
0.03611024469137192,
-0.06847352534532547,
-0.01759524457156658,
0.03493977338075638,
0.02458428032696247
] |
PMID:6612 | A study of the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl across the gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes). | The gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula are more permeable to Cl than to Na. In sea water, influx of Na and Cl exceeded the efflux of these ions. Under these conditions the fish were slightly electronegative, by about 2 mV, to the external solution. The net accumulation of Cl could be accounted for by diffusion along the observed electrochemical gradient byt the movement of Na into the fish was more consistent with an electrically neutral active Na transport mechanism (using the Ussing flux ratio criterion). When the external pH was was changed from 7-8 to 6-9,, influxes of Na and Cl were depressed, while the effluxes were unaffected, and the fish became slightly less electronegative. In artificial solutions, in which the concentrations of Na and Cl were lowered and replaced with urea to maintain the total osmotic concentration, Na influx displayed saturation kinetics, while Na efflux increased with decreasing Na concentrations. Cl influx decreased linearly, while Cl efflux remained constant. The efflux of Cl could not be reconciled with a process of passive diffusion along any of the observed electrochemical gradients and thus could reflect the presence of an active transport mechanism. | A study of the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl across the gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes). The gills of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula are more permeable to Cl than to Na. In sea water, influx of Na and Cl exceeded the efflux of these ions. Under these conditions the fish were slightly electronegative, by about 2 mV, to the external solution. The net accumulation of Cl could be accounted for by diffusion along the observed electrochemical gradient byt the movement of Na into the fish was more consistent with an electrically neutral active Na transport mechanism (using the Ussing flux ratio criterion). When the external pH was was changed from 7-8 to 6-9,, influxes of Na and Cl were depressed, while the effluxes were unaffected, and the fish became slightly less electronegative. In artificial solutions, in which the concentrations of Na and Cl were lowered and replaced with urea to maintain the total osmotic concentration, Na influx displayed saturation kinetics, while Na efflux increased with decreasing Na concentrations. Cl influx decreased linearly, while Cl efflux remained constant. The efflux of Cl could not be reconciled with a process of passive diffusion along any of the observed electrochemical gradients and thus could reflect the presence of an active transport mechanism. | [
-0.06528037786483765,
-0.08552207797765732,
-0.0012606660602614284,
0.023165276274085045,
0.028094729408621788,
-0.029576824977993965,
0.01598922163248062,
-0.010683213360607624,
-0.028951166197657585,
-0.017049290239810944,
0.017585307359695435,
-0.1251947432756424,
0.024943452328443527,
-0.001155983074568212,
-0.028835060074925423,
-0.0022711113560944796,
-0.01935579627752304,
0.020802592858672142,
-0.05622277036309242,
-0.006162730045616627,
0.04493846371769905,
0.00009881160076474771,
0.006085162982344627,
-0.0283161960542202,
0.01512356847524643,
0.04454865679144859,
0.034948814660310745,
-0.009635044261813164,
-0.050338730216026306,
-0.18436916172504425,
-0.050092682242393494,
-0.008455226197838783,
-0.028075119480490685,
-0.014082307927310467,
-0.061972614377737045,
0.013650024309754372,
-0.001420958898961544,
-0.062419626861810684,
-0.024495257064700127,
0.06903192400932312,
0.01062819641083479,
0.0412369929254055,
0.028826801106333733,
0.04308367520570755,
-0.009868990629911423,
-0.04188252240419388,
-0.014693156816065311,
0.008589450269937515,
0.05980962887406349,
-0.01024800818413496,
-0.014445205219089985,
0.0036423441488295794,
0.013021686114370823,
0.017545877024531364,
0.027344778180122375,
0.040572311729192734,
0.004987520165741444,
0.01915712282061577,
0.0036666225641965866,
-0.034545715898275375,
0.0626959279179573,
0.05856148898601532,
-0.11186812818050385,
0.03931214287877083,
0.0833730399608612,
0.005441907327622175,
-0.07598254084587097,
0.0032506436109542847,
0.07036680728197098,
-0.018008004873991013,
-0.032917845994234085,
-0.00040728680323809385,
-0.01695999689400196,
0.03680302947759628,
0.0787440687417984,
-0.023805197328329086,
0.025265440344810486,
0.03232646360993385,
-0.017894595861434937,
-0.006292300298810005,
0.008713063783943653,
0.02037762850522995,
-0.004645362496376038,
-0.011897857300937176,
0.01430857740342617,
-0.004184282850474119,
0.03780960291624069,
-0.06820877641439438,
-0.02713635377585888,
-0.010402543470263481,
-0.04943666607141495,
-0.06833942979574203,
-0.021563101559877396,
0.0030458548571914434,
-0.04139624163508415,
0.043868549168109894,
-0.005440994165837765,
0.007420422043651342,
-0.015381168574094772,
0.39672696590423584,
0.017300674691796303,
0.060119979083538055,
0.012709430418908596,
-0.0001683542359387502,
0.0072366055101156235,
-0.02052171714603901,
-0.01676993817090988,
0.011307929642498493,
-0.016474545001983643,
0.031738556921482086,
0.03369351848959923,
-0.006688401568681002,
-0.046131473034620285,
-0.04824519529938698,
-0.034699272364377975,
0.04017989709973335,
0.013482497073709965,
-0.015894193202257156,
-0.012247253209352493,
-0.000670814304612577,
-0.07105894386768341,
-0.0337190143764019,
0.052036017179489136,
0.004935585428029299,
0.055182065814733505,
-0.04321708157658577,
0.008736449293792248,
0.04389442130923271,
0.007686382159590721,
0.0166671983897686,
0.03988204151391983,
0.030495446175336838,
-0.0620608888566494,
-0.004369387868791819,
-0.01873689703643322,
-0.03407406434416771,
-0.003925121854990721,
-0.08135522902011871,
-0.0016440155450254679,
-0.0004934651078656316,
-0.08103154599666595,
-0.05479498952627182,
-0.06780393421649933,
-0.10357371717691422,
-0.06029129773378372,
0.0863712877035141,
0.05012925714254379,
0.02044820971786976,
-0.10091640055179596,
-0.02057541348040104,
-0.0297246091067791,
0.02729126438498497,
0.02235681563615799,
0.014535259455442429,
0.0003490791714284569,
-0.01824679598212242,
-0.04650922864675522,
0.04933461546897888,
0.006232018582522869,
0.018161974847316742,
-0.0910610482096672,
0.016707714647054672,
-0.004804931115359068,
0.1085939034819603,
0.036920949816703796,
0.015720125287771225,
-0.023229574784636497,
0.019249821081757545,
-0.011221226304769516,
0.023755153641104698,
-0.014917246997356415,
0.05471671745181084,
0.008836055174469948,
-0.025934450328350067,
-0.010436221957206726,
0.031869951635599136,
0.03506801277399063,
-0.04247879609465599,
0.017408374696969986,
-0.020238090306520462,
0.024091366678476334,
0.02604692243039608,
-0.04207925871014595,
0.05108415335416794,
0.07973528653383255,
0.002542925300076604,
-0.04509090632200241,
0.026495492085814476,
-0.04768836870789528,
0.05709993839263916,
-0.017162958160042763,
-0.028438327834010124,
-0.021738938987255096,
0.04362011328339577,
-0.06257930397987366,
-0.013459062203764915,
0.010154392570257187,
-0.04868048056960106,
-0.021764980629086494,
0.017690733075141907,
0.03191244974732399,
0.009450959041714668,
-0.017015870660543442,
0.04771348088979721,
0.03398935869336128,
0.008664233610033989,
-0.014795931056141853,
0.025418449193239212,
0.039136193692684174,
0.06778065860271454,
-0.028121761977672577,
-0.03669969365000725,
-0.027228977531194687,
-0.012683633714914322,
0.0004428441752679646,
0.0024766058195382357,
0.030699515715241432,
-0.027309754863381386,
0.07679963111877441,
-0.05304570123553276,
0.027188878506422043,
-0.11087027192115784,
-0.049223966896533966,
-0.3014889061450958,
-0.03917089104652405,
0.0560518242418766,
0.013098207302391529,
0.12365690618753433,
-0.058563657104969025,
0.05170706659555435,
-0.015101002529263496,
-0.007082705851644278,
-0.04801171272993088,
0.02042645774781704,
-0.010423547588288784,
-0.008370880037546158,
-0.01585995778441429,
0.07238157838582993,
0.04874558001756668,
0.0396595299243927,
0.030490484088659286,
0.04476367309689522,
0.053055986762046814,
0.048063453286886215,
-0.04988346993923187,
0.021122295409440994,
0.008065322414040565,
0.013985492289066315,
0.004248789977282286,
0.1208113506436348,
-0.006534234154969454,
0.023539390414953232,
-0.004561758600175381,
-0.005475410260260105,
0.04835744574666023,
0.0066383834928274155,
-0.0200238898396492,
-0.040936872363090515,
-0.014391460455954075,
0.01558376383036375,
-0.05668294429779053,
-0.004570737946778536,
-0.0216132253408432,
-0.03366301953792572,
0.025456981733441353,
-0.04680844768881798,
-0.0034924373030662537,
-0.008289643563330173,
-0.009994369931519032,
0.012820075266063213,
0.021891681477427483,
-0.01276872493326664,
-0.05749502032995224,
0.04078632965683937,
-0.018606405705213547,
0.03322162851691246,
-0.05619794502854347,
0.013412666507065296,
0.0002649282687343657,
0.01733355224132538,
0.024253275245428085,
-0.08215348422527313,
-0.031678684055805206,
-0.002696967450901866,
0.04032079130411148,
-0.0061208889819681644,
-0.055681806057691574,
-0.028844410553574562,
0.045521825551986694,
-0.01035321969538927,
0.02459072321653366,
0.006322026718407869,
-0.002667732536792755,
0.025939395651221275,
0.11298109591007233,
0.030602043494582176,
0.008434775285422802,
-0.016270896419882774,
0.04992680624127388,
-0.029559658840298653,
-0.026867151260375977,
-0.011748863384127617,
0.01396359596401453,
0.033331383019685745,
-0.06337004899978638,
0.11661156266927719,
0.013897702097892761,
0.021854886785149574,
0.03744994476437569,
0.013065633364021778,
-0.05097629502415657,
0.019601058214902878,
0.0468369759619236,
-0.0317719466984272,
0.0049276407808065414,
-0.03856929764151573,
-0.039449963718652725,
0.024410035461187363,
0.07577335834503174,
-0.25525763630867004,
0.007916365750133991,
0.0748567134141922,
-0.018980296328663826,
-0.0021498671267181635,
0.08612915128469467,
0.07007540017366409,
-0.038661375641822815,
-0.03233576938509941,
0.037252139300107956,
-0.041243262588977814,
0.03290637582540512,
-0.01497026439756155,
0.06664498895406723,
-0.0024766488932073116,
0.03567542880773544,
0.02341064065694809,
-0.0997423380613327,
0.04857019707560539,
-0.01049756072461605,
0.0036712787114083767,
-0.018534405156970024,
0.13167594373226166,
-0.02741875872015953,
0.017108645290136337,
0.024186639115214348,
0.025396820157766342,
-0.0013667065650224686,
-0.007579486351460218,
-0.04024350643157959,
0.0215598177164793,
0.04407335817813873,
0.022583117708563805,
-0.03436097502708435,
0.010330104269087315,
0.06427329033613205,
-0.0006859687273390591,
-0.014298683032393456,
-0.03877171874046326,
-0.06899797916412354,
0.0341428779065609,
0.027905380353331566,
-0.04528048262000084,
-0.031205860897898674,
0.06493702530860901,
-0.0370430164039135,
0.02155935764312744,
-0.07278123497962952,
0.026537209749221802,
0.015818990767002106,
-0.018341541290283203,
-0.03960592299699783,
0.07612868398427963,
0.027009492740035057,
0.021485012024641037,
-0.013539261184632778,
-0.026629425585269928,
-0.05536259338259697,
-0.037244245409965515,
-0.05843275040388107,
0.062336765229701996,
-0.04472978413105011,
-0.017039071768522263,
0.008010969497263432,
0.11887428164482117
] |
PMID:6613 | The actions of some putative neurotransmitters on the cockroach salivary gland. | 1. Certain putative transmitters were applied to the innervated cockroach salivary gland and their effects on the resting potential and the neurally evoked secretory potential of the acinar cells were observed. 2. gamma-Aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, aspartate and alanine had no significant effect on the resting potential. However, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate reduced the neurally evoked secretory potential but only at concentrations above 10(-3) M3. Acetylcholine and carbachol appeared to act by modifying transmitter output from the salivary nerves. These substances failed to have any effect on the resting potential. 4. The biogenic amines, adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and octopamine, produced hyperpolarizing responses, graded according to concentration. 5. It is suggested that dopamine, the most potent of the biogenic amines tested, is the transmitter at this junction. | The actions of some putative neurotransmitters on the cockroach salivary gland. 1. Certain putative transmitters were applied to the innervated cockroach salivary gland and their effects on the resting potential and the neurally evoked secretory potential of the acinar cells were observed. 2. gamma-Aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, aspartate and alanine had no significant effect on the resting potential. However, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate reduced the neurally evoked secretory potential but only at concentrations above 10(-3) M3. Acetylcholine and carbachol appeared to act by modifying transmitter output from the salivary nerves. These substances failed to have any effect on the resting potential. 4. The biogenic amines, adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and octopamine, produced hyperpolarizing responses, graded according to concentration. 5. It is suggested that dopamine, the most potent of the biogenic amines tested, is the transmitter at this junction. | [
0.02887277491390705,
-0.03670763596892357,
-0.0016002492047846317,
-0.0015322960680350661,
-0.02842903696000576,
0.015701988711953163,
0.08446640521287918,
0.040521927177906036,
-0.018783684819936752,
-0.05800186097621918,
-0.038320884108543396,
-0.060818150639534,
0.01610882580280304,
0.07312825322151184,
-0.0017138486728072166,
0.03932312875986099,
0.008032447658479214,
0.02641347236931324,
-0.004053129814565182,
-0.012583700008690357,
0.018803810700774193,
-0.015611429698765278,
0.04187171161174774,
0.020546672865748405,
-0.004873286001384258,
0.027285734191536903,
-0.009938124567270279,
-0.023289935663342476,
-0.04457174614071846,
-0.12847687304019928,
0.04308977723121643,
-0.0008905603899620473,
-0.020015232264995575,
-0.0019320016726851463,
-0.04477798193693161,
0.03809821978211403,
-0.046286944299936295,
-0.023194992914795876,
-0.029282502830028534,
0.020772386342287064,
0.05094626173377037,
-0.0015790845500305295,
-0.03276469185948372,
-0.019240615889430046,
-0.014135349541902542,
-0.03451860696077347,
-0.051294635981321335,
-0.027065197005867958,
0.06992260366678238,
-0.05668047443032265,
0.04049268364906311,
-0.05668744817376137,
0.04125512018799782,
0.03780052810907364,
0.0173198115080595,
-0.055003080517053604,
-0.04269415885210037,
0.0319657027721405,
-0.0062715825624763966,
0.0001794773415895179,
-0.008955294266343117,
0.08436758816242218,
-0.1138974130153656,
0.06620226800441742,
0.10296622663736343,
0.029783345758914948,
-0.0785490944981575,
0.006603830959647894,
0.05253041908144951,
0.03218305483460426,
-0.08555786311626434,
0.021898645907640457,
-0.006238412111997604,
-0.06356680393218994,
0.004473522771149874,
-0.023978454992175102,
-0.028601286932826042,
0.04537009820342064,
0.02449823170900345,
-0.021053554490208626,
0.009600747376680374,
0.0028597351629287004,
0.028653724119067192,
-0.06529974937438965,
0.019349005073308945,
-0.03212705999612808,
0.015240437351167202,
0.008442681282758713,
-0.02668159082531929,
0.018146716058254242,
-0.04875069484114647,
-0.054011501371860504,
-0.0019648694433271885,
-0.04478807374835014,
0.021791651844978333,
0.06943286955356598,
-0.03258088231086731,
-0.0222958792001009,
-0.02865017205476761,
0.3605254888534546,
-0.010466511361300945,
0.011173396371304989,
-0.06416453421115875,
-0.006309460382908583,
-0.00430207047611475,
-0.04191851243376732,
-0.03419225662946701,
-0.007540163584053516,
0.009435736574232578,
0.07039772719144821,
0.11273382604122162,
0.015555087476968765,
0.027680931612849236,
-0.02064417116343975,
-0.057536154985427856,
0.0032021552324295044,
0.06296559423208237,
0.027141546830534935,
0.016418879851698875,
-0.019676145166158676,
-0.057691264897584915,
0.027002155780792236,
0.028802858665585518,
0.025303980335593224,
0.04540363699197769,
0.017188088968396187,
-0.06009036302566528,
0.13981707394123077,
0.016162894666194916,
0.033954400569200516,
0.07363215833902359,
0.04132388159632683,
0.030641956254839897,
0.036794666200876236,
0.06497825682163239,
0.023315489292144775,
0.06669538468122482,
-0.012392091564834118,
-0.008096045814454556,
-0.04798169806599617,
-0.04787341505289078,
-0.07060711085796356,
-0.04669033735990524,
-0.06170631945133209,
-0.055223651230335236,
0.11890868842601776,
0.03240962699055672,
-0.015418149530887604,
0.004980812780559063,
0.020943740382790565,
-0.03869510442018509,
0.0057829637080430984,
-0.0075068967416882515,
0.058286286890506744,
-0.012886338867247105,
0.046958133578300476,
-0.03857230395078659,
0.017779134213924408,
-0.007118563633412123,
-0.01736524887382984,
-0.04850585758686066,
0.007315926253795624,
0.010434942319989204,
0.026485124602913857,
0.04719153046607971,
0.005208132788538933,
-0.056869566440582275,
-0.03505503758788109,
-0.019134951755404472,
-0.007769723888486624,
-0.026496900245547295,
0.0709347128868103,
-0.04199090600013733,
-0.02293063886463642,
-0.07425570487976074,
-0.012714533135294914,
0.045378826558589935,
-0.046382784843444824,
0.05133236572146416,
-0.026799805462360382,
-0.03344259038567543,
-0.03458206728100777,
-0.004044232424348593,
0.012760430574417114,
0.028495317324995995,
0.004343842621892691,
-0.029202410951256752,
-0.005065604113042355,
-0.03240247070789337,
0.04566282778978348,
-0.05605202168226242,
-0.07272499799728394,
-0.09079970419406891,
0.016022196039557457,
-0.010822219774127007,
-0.08800838887691498,
-0.011263220570981503,
-0.006668886635452509,
-0.0338662825524807,
0.021162427961826324,
0.04539226368069649,
0.014629939571022987,
-0.021737052127718925,
0.05402163416147232,
0.05202540382742882,
0.044314343482255936,
-0.018643949180841446,
-0.02375628426671028,
0.03411391004920006,
-0.03795338794589043,
0.02488681674003601,
-0.0062575917690992355,
0.06033196300268173,
0.032747961580753326,
-0.05819794163107872,
0.02159324660897255,
-0.024617483839392662,
0.028527434915304184,
0.09542492032051086,
-0.0066113402135670185,
-0.04738251119852066,
-0.049282629042863846,
-0.05922584608197212,
-0.29708507657051086,
-0.06820625066757202,
0.003341258969157934,
-0.036837875843048096,
0.06589449197053909,
-0.08277208358049393,
0.06765788793563843,
-0.0322997123003006,
0.028622889891266823,
-0.07815562933683395,
0.04399162158370018,
0.05502326786518097,
-0.006216462701559067,
-0.011012639850378036,
0.019192487001419067,
0.05262211337685585,
0.05747090280056,
0.01824287325143814,
-0.007327839732170105,
0.031059499830007553,
0.045235615223646164,
0.024255329743027687,
0.012048810720443726,
0.03483590856194496,
-0.02413027361035347,
-0.052280206233263016,
0.1001514419913292,
0.04846806824207306,
0.019459789618849754,
0.00219194358214736,
0.04053676500916481,
0.10242368280887604,
0.007768705021589994,
-0.11377118527889252,
-0.0046164351515471935,
-0.03283461555838585,
0.0512845516204834,
0.029512260109186172,
0.00023552903439849615,
-0.051174718886613846,
-0.04245196655392647,
0.03150957450270653,
-0.023726684972643852,
-0.02852107584476471,
-0.04323989525437355,
-0.048729170113801956,
0.004401539918035269,
0.00873535592108965,
-0.010056649334728718,
-0.0653519406914711,
0.04240153729915619,
0.05964786186814308,
-0.0023563415743410587,
0.002501177368685603,
0.004994620569050312,
-0.031645361334085464,
-0.03454255685210228,
-0.011351996101439,
-0.052021149545907974,
0.05660872533917427,
-0.003324557561427355,
0.04413784667849541,
-0.000019362794773769565,
-0.009099209681153297,
-0.024634014815092087,
0.022570868954062462,
0.0006797312526032329,
-0.010327442549169064,
0.05902707949280739,
0.04784904047846794,
0.04632190614938736,
0.12387996912002563,
0.0013884183717891574,
0.08344456553459167,
0.021759236231446266,
-0.03706929832696915,
0.010484382510185242,
-0.06526216119527817,
-0.07750044763088226,
0.05467673018574715,
-0.06100243330001831,
-0.03446801379323006,
0.04551892727613449,
-0.008028076961636543,
-0.06829191744327545,
0.03291863948106766,
-0.004085788037627935,
-0.0845622643828392,
0.08475155383348465,
0.05510149151086807,
0.036834195256233215,
0.01998211443424225,
-0.06292591243982315,
-0.009921633638441563,
0.0014744546497240663,
0.04365114867687225,
-0.22006958723068237,
0.035566650331020355,
0.04808041825890541,
-0.018346687778830528,
-0.056876860558986664,
0.03584311157464981,
0.040795356035232544,
-0.0325314886868,
-0.04597391188144684,
0.05873296409845352,
0.00030530954245477915,
-0.0018190272385254502,
0.021336952224373817,
0.04376504197716713,
-0.025605443865060806,
0.03152180463075638,
0.034168142825365067,
-0.05848183110356331,
0.02978311851620674,
-0.016568375751376152,
0.010278680361807346,
0.016290564090013504,
0.15458759665489197,
0.04873374104499817,
0.005175077822059393,
-0.0032769818790256977,
-0.034833282232284546,
0.008497280068695545,
-0.01026910450309515,
-0.004930616356432438,
0.028139520436525345,
0.0238171499222517,
0.042295295745134354,
-0.045644622296094894,
0.050169363617897034,
0.010225892998278141,
-0.07746422290802002,
-0.017944149672985077,
-0.0026581219863146544,
-0.024973498657345772,
-0.01810205541551113,
0.004471111111342907,
-0.05446546524763107,
-0.0073773511685431,
0.06013575196266174,
-0.045021507889032364,
-0.05492344871163368,
-0.015043345279991627,
-0.03409966453909874,
0.0480491928756237,
-0.05977249518036842,
-0.027446206659078598,
0.02796320803463459,
-0.0020593965891748667,
-0.03338300436735153,
-0.02438845857977867,
-0.06518381088972092,
0.006843344774097204,
0.0003597317263484001,
0.04226446524262428,
0.01790560781955719,
-0.031428683549165726,
-0.023776434361934662,
0.07557816058397293,
0.061190590262413025
] |
PMID:6614 | Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. | 1. Techniques for the measurement of unidirectional flux rates in fish which require no anaesthesia or surgery are described. 2. Resting values for Cl- uptake at 10 and 17 degrees C were 8-03 +/- 1-11 and 13-52 +/- 0-95 mu-equiv. 200 g-1 h-1 (+/- S.E.), respectively; and for Na+ the rates were 15-49 +/- 0-40 and 26-30 +/- 0-36, respectively. 3. Hypercapnic acidosis caused an increase in Na+ uptake, presumably through Na+/H+ (or NH+4) exchange. It is suggested that this is a compensation mechanism leading to the increase in blood buffering observed in response to hypercapnia. 4. Alkalosis was observed following acute temperature increase and was accompanied by an increase in the rate of Cl-/HCO-3 exchange and also by an increase in Na+/H+ exchange. 5. The role of these branchial ion exchange mechanisms in overall acidbase regulation is discussed. | Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. 1. Techniques for the measurement of unidirectional flux rates in fish which require no anaesthesia or surgery are described. 2. Resting values for Cl- uptake at 10 and 17 degrees C were 8-03 +/- 1-11 and 13-52 +/- 0-95 mu-equiv. 200 g-1 h-1 (+/- S.E.), respectively; and for Na+ the rates were 15-49 +/- 0-40 and 26-30 +/- 0-36, respectively. 3. Hypercapnic acidosis caused an increase in Na+ uptake, presumably through Na+/H+ (or NH+4) exchange. It is suggested that this is a compensation mechanism leading to the increase in blood buffering observed in response to hypercapnia. 4. Alkalosis was observed following acute temperature increase and was accompanied by an increase in the rate of Cl-/HCO-3 exchange and also by an increase in Na+/H+ exchange. 5. The role of these branchial ion exchange mechanisms in overall acidbase regulation is discussed. | [
-0.06192883104085922,
-0.05167917534708977,
0.03161182254552841,
0.055284369736909866,
0.0414045974612236,
-0.030335428193211555,
0.08287472277879715,
0.022811932489275932,
-0.04235170781612396,
-0.019744062796235085,
0.03221315145492554,
-0.14042982459068298,
0.009112185798585415,
0.03348452225327492,
-0.04549095407128334,
-0.0065799616277217865,
-0.0005444230628199875,
-0.02391747012734413,
-0.03971317410469055,
-0.033551156520843506,
0.011503265239298344,
-0.027217289432883263,
0.048075005412101746,
-0.025048596784472466,
0.028378315269947052,
-0.011880015954375267,
-0.02426900342106819,
0.006557878106832504,
-0.053638916462659836,
-0.19796910881996155,
-0.03040369786322117,
0.0093289315700531,
-0.007963885553181171,
-0.0517302006483078,
-0.05360475555062294,
0.006245734170079231,
-0.025434494018554688,
-0.06593548506498337,
-0.024374505504965782,
0.07896794378757477,
0.07960979640483856,
0.0577852688729763,
-0.016434848308563232,
0.019594958052039146,
-0.05513383820652962,
-0.020885922014713287,
-0.006225806660950184,
-0.025088438764214516,
0.08222439885139465,
0.0350954495370388,
-0.015397230163216591,
-0.04245121777057648,
0.03909527510404587,
0.06989029794931412,
0.04370385780930519,
0.04783964902162552,
0.01750919036567211,
0.03170633316040039,
0.027303455397486687,
-0.032827846705913544,
0.045680444687604904,
0.018357452005147934,
-0.12451931834220886,
0.0533456914126873,
0.04074271023273468,
0.061753302812576294,
-0.04095219448208809,
0.01379686314612627,
0.041221119463443756,
0.021644270047545433,
-0.03761445730924606,
0.022996366024017334,
0.011054577305912971,
-0.0024247788824141026,
0.08197664469480515,
-0.039491552859544754,
-0.01318510714918375,
0.03181389719247818,
0.020386137068271637,
-0.07658788561820984,
-0.047973766922950745,
0.033367738127708435,
0.0011543544242158532,
0.009864072315394878,
0.04810141399502754,
-0.018294692039489746,
0.027558770030736923,
-0.04148038476705551,
-0.04791691526770592,
0.0024666618555784225,
-0.02998768538236618,
-0.046849966049194336,
-0.026049574837088585,
-0.006692647933959961,
-0.040150899440050125,
0.050521813333034515,
0.010347934439778328,
0.022728143259882927,
-0.02075941488146782,
0.39966514706611633,
0.022113637998700142,
0.08675450086593628,
-0.019671903923153877,
0.04913818836212158,
0.02301093377172947,
-0.017123444005846977,
-0.011137615889310837,
0.00933863315731287,
-0.006843887269496918,
0.012956651858985424,
0.05016008019447327,
-0.009902249090373516,
0.0054037682712078094,
-0.022419249638915062,
-0.00926116481423378,
0.03541130572557449,
0.05975935980677605,
0.017722729593515396,
0.001377592096105218,
0.04384728893637657,
-0.0813569724559784,
-0.02337535470724106,
0.04368465021252632,
-0.008532722480595112,
0.05904494971036911,
0.023476384580135345,
0.005401508416980505,
0.06959614157676697,
0.04521017521619797,
0.006048168521374464,
0.06651621311903,
0.009944992139935493,
-0.03787540644407272,
-0.03331891819834709,
-0.009789584204554558,
-0.03442670777440071,
0.041008807718753815,
-0.07584871351718903,
0.01827819086611271,
-0.009827069006860256,
-0.09547769278287888,
-0.054146915674209595,
-0.0468844473361969,
-0.04811995103955269,
-0.0763276070356369,
0.0955863744020462,
0.02573363110423088,
0.03951377794146538,
-0.04465809836983681,
-0.009338445030152798,
0.0005486388690769672,
-0.011797342449426651,
0.01730167679488659,
-0.05915180221199989,
-0.005244685336947441,
-0.02448338456451893,
-0.04991460591554642,
0.03952844440937042,
0.024699220433831215,
0.012815142050385475,
-0.03677559643983841,
-0.010952114127576351,
-0.007173779886215925,
0.049020856618881226,
0.04740562289953232,
0.02648770809173584,
-0.010897193104028702,
0.01134851947426796,
-0.040568891912698746,
0.01901959627866745,
-0.027602283284068108,
0.022479640319943428,
0.025997642427682877,
-0.07374220341444016,
0.015587793663144112,
-0.002029671100899577,
0.0011279337340965867,
-0.03641541302204132,
0.005936112254858017,
-0.026496224105358124,
0.060531944036483765,
0.005338125396519899,
-0.03356851264834404,
0.026919126510620117,
0.05230674147605896,
-0.028891099616885185,
-0.08331555128097534,
-0.027854956686496735,
-0.031963758170604706,
0.0027484253514558077,
-0.03502184897661209,
-0.05817439407110214,
-0.03351869061589241,
0.027067743241786957,
-0.04357156157493591,
-0.017824238166213036,
-0.005579294171184301,
-0.01002706028521061,
-0.007459725718945265,
0.004967071581631899,
0.07117519527673721,
0.01063880417495966,
-0.005041573196649551,
0.01845412328839302,
0.024577734991908073,
0.04630739241838455,
-0.014324498362839222,
0.018325038254261017,
0.050783589482307434,
0.06277938187122345,
-0.010547256097197533,
0.011391746811568737,
-0.025837857276201248,
0.039515454322099686,
-0.02454921044409275,
-0.025152413174510002,
-0.004443375393748283,
-0.018386205658316612,
0.04542342200875282,
-0.009771338663995266,
0.04382065311074257,
-0.08792002499103546,
-0.0441117100417614,
-0.3093951344490051,
-0.013615766540169716,
0.03690502047538757,
-0.0017570707714185119,
0.08657121658325195,
-0.046842917799949646,
0.0647842213511467,
-0.01129781175404787,
0.029664713889360428,
-0.0520859993994236,
0.019984610378742218,
0.015078510157763958,
-0.016066737473011017,
-0.05283850431442261,
0.07091262936592102,
0.05323157459497452,
0.014033433981239796,
-0.002759269205853343,
0.031610507518053055,
0.005697797983884811,
0.038640908896923065,
0.0006883956957608461,
-0.035695116966962814,
0.00821384135633707,
0.030741209164261818,
-0.022825133055448532,
0.11428294330835342,
-0.03889418765902519,
0.052729442715644836,
-0.013831832446157932,
0.004777808208018541,
0.011346466839313507,
0.04063361510634422,
-0.0651768371462822,
-0.01464618369936943,
-0.024757852777838707,
-0.004778728354722261,
-0.005630315747112036,
-0.00935431383550167,
-0.03836764395236969,
-0.06264746189117432,
0.008895975537598133,
-0.0720527246594429,
0.011981871910393238,
-0.027164151892066002,
0.020558837801218033,
0.0026451325975358486,
-0.019753597676753998,
0.040477823466062546,
-0.10171154886484146,
0.04535052925348282,
0.014471035450696945,
0.013654387556016445,
-0.006867260672152042,
0.0002543994050938636,
-0.027893099933862686,
-0.01592610590159893,
0.01973879709839821,
-0.0880303755402565,
-0.009296007454395294,
0.036037083715200424,
0.004943957552313805,
-0.010920826345682144,
-0.03698992356657982,
0.019737938418984413,
0.06535471230745316,
-0.0015270202420651913,
0.0051966565661132336,
0.05469425395131111,
0.008839803747832775,
0.03720409795641899,
0.10711735486984253,
-0.008188599720597267,
0.039068885147571564,
0.03932937979698181,
0.0401780940592289,
-0.0580802783370018,
-0.005472935736179352,
-0.04440543055534363,
-0.007695844862610102,
0.017833400517702103,
-0.10702816396951675,
0.0720391497015953,
0.00511343264952302,
-0.017660371959209442,
0.04022881016135216,
-0.0191618874669075,
-0.012530851177871227,
0.03889813274145126,
0.031589679419994354,
0.00916045717895031,
0.01133672520518303,
-0.06220293045043945,
-0.034875161945819855,
0.07630234956741333,
0.08687885850667953,
-0.26534581184387207,
-0.03422515466809273,
0.006869987118989229,
-0.033457718789577484,
-0.018481798470020294,
0.055131565779447556,
0.0040185339748859406,
-0.012654203921556473,
-0.015798049047589302,
0.05266087129712105,
-0.018655851483345032,
0.03992263227701187,
0.029407136142253876,
0.07023347914218903,
0.000030116119887679815,
0.02406051568686962,
0.02909485064446926,
-0.0670165941119194,
0.03581584617495537,
-0.041153647005558014,
0.01791156828403473,
-0.019861236214637756,
0.1473047435283661,
0.039836764335632324,
-0.02435721457004547,
0.044198133051395416,
-0.00214699050411582,
0.01727553829550743,
-0.00038438441697508097,
-0.009417559951543808,
0.021842438727617264,
0.017278049141168594,
0.026072174310684204,
-0.007149031385779381,
0.017148585990071297,
0.05971768498420715,
-0.0223461352288723,
0.005981959868222475,
-0.030462294816970825,
-0.019726049154996872,
0.02946525625884533,
0.02444855496287346,
-0.01510993205010891,
-0.03705444186925888,
0.04134203493595123,
-0.05230342596769333,
-0.022474130615592003,
-0.03871452063322067,
0.016354873776435852,
-0.010191175155341625,
-0.03592526912689209,
-0.03736117109656334,
0.04486147314310074,
0.03459012880921364,
-0.015857651829719543,
0.0021790461614727974,
-0.00739021273329854,
-0.05065598338842392,
-0.053790923207998276,
-0.04578104615211487,
0.03873712569475174,
-0.0889197289943695,
-0.044859737157821655,
0.007702735718339682,
0.05531461164355278
] |
PMID:6615 | [Characterization of the oxidoreductase inhibitor (author's transl)]. | The oxidoreductase inhibitor was prepared from NAD in alkaline solution, and purified chromatographically. Investigations are reported on the extinction and fluorescence spectra, stability of the inhibitor, and the dependence of inhibition on the concentration of enzyme and coenzyme. Kinetic studies show that the inhibition is non-competitive. | [Characterization of the oxidoreductase inhibitor (author's transl)]. The oxidoreductase inhibitor was prepared from NAD in alkaline solution, and purified chromatographically. Investigations are reported on the extinction and fluorescence spectra, stability of the inhibitor, and the dependence of inhibition on the concentration of enzyme and coenzyme. Kinetic studies show that the inhibition is non-competitive. | [
-0.08446598052978516,
0.012688616290688515,
-0.08129941672086716,
0.06130945682525635,
0.023702584207057953,
-0.0017606520559638739,
0.043485578149557114,
0.026975490152835846,
-0.04039203003048897,
-0.04990272969007492,
-0.018636884167790413,
-0.04787524417042732,
0.053188975900411606,
0.020027747377753258,
-0.05442989990115166,
0.0023409496061503887,
0.019145777449011803,
-0.03086727485060692,
-0.031363457441329956,
-0.004427958279848099,
-0.06439711898565292,
0.0332903116941452,
0.0006425342289730906,
0.01878354325890541,
0.04006829857826233,
0.042043622583150864,
0.011988654732704163,
0.0037381588481366634,
-0.06791362911462784,
-0.17584875226020813,
-0.01153943594545126,
-0.0021382682025432587,
0.034311845898628235,
-0.038105178624391556,
0.02349456213414669,
0.027988985180854797,
-0.0005091725033707917,
0.03817877918481827,
-0.015770168974995613,
-0.022590138018131256,
0.05012272670865059,
0.024056697264313698,
0.010178618133068085,
0.0603189580142498,
0.04470498859882355,
0.0396474152803421,
-0.02110612764954567,
0.05183576047420502,
0.06849846243858337,
-0.014708551578223705,
0.028831252828240395,
0.0385507270693779,
0.04600740224123001,
-0.002151699271053076,
0.04737331345677376,
0.03355591744184494,
0.045668765902519226,
0.07499490678310394,
0.0015454854583367705,
0.0334247350692749,
0.010527495294809341,
-0.01546849962323904,
-0.1290522664785385,
0.0021182659547775984,
0.05370095744729042,
-0.005061235744506121,
-0.0060875024646520615,
-0.048035878688097,
0.0612160861492157,
0.021692370995879173,
-0.049804773181676865,
0.032739344984292984,
0.036347709596157074,
-0.0039521148428320885,
0.006510150618851185,
-0.004500902257859707,
0.021793276071548462,
-0.0288997832685709,
0.008358822204172611,
-0.0030974657274782658,
-0.01359492540359497,
0.03515851870179176,
-0.03336850926280022,
-0.05592638999223709,
0.004197051748633385,
0.007048801518976688,
0.03681948035955429,
-0.019289899617433548,
-0.005932157393544912,
0.024787474423646927,
0.009791247546672821,
-0.00023054714256431907,
-0.035182081162929535,
-0.05084758996963501,
-0.08576719462871552,
-0.009671115316450596,
-0.027528198435902596,
0.030842667445540428,
0.04236681014299393,
0.37731659412384033,
-0.012826328165829182,
0.000760116265155375,
-0.03395179659128189,
-0.08249330520629883,
-0.06605946272611618,
-0.08672508597373962,
-0.019360749050974846,
0.025382541120052338,
0.01611386612057686,
0.041637446731328964,
0.046652380377054214,
-0.01726291887462139,
0.0007282659062184393,
-0.0949459820985794,
0.014902902767062187,
0.031148146837949753,
0.015689915046095848,
-0.005129524972289801,
-0.042166318744421005,
0.04639584571123123,
0.016720890998840332,
-0.005898755043745041,
0.034206874668598175,
-0.009171774610877037,
0.03573928400874138,
0.0035425154492259026,
0.027307037264108658,
0.09714455902576447,
0.02838338352739811,
0.008251148276031017,
-0.01737895980477333,
0.010680392384529114,
-0.03269874304533005,
-0.04202321544289589,
-0.019023170694708824,
0.023669157177209854,
-0.008157498203217983,
-0.018215477466583252,
0.06632436811923981,
0.016621824353933334,
-0.017461689189076424,
-0.011282636784017086,
-0.024088671430945396,
-0.035953089594841,
-0.02416391298174858,
-0.013654275797307491,
0.0026787768583744764,
0.07640385627746582,
0.015483377501368523,
-0.000313635915517807,
0.015286412090063095,
0.055548295378685,
-0.022442525252699852,
0.03376980498433113,
-0.01750035770237446,
0.035680558532476425,
-0.042891860008239746,
-0.02260565012693405,
0.005162014625966549,
0.05924556776881218,
-0.12006599456071854,
-0.02608329802751541,
0.008655363693833351,
0.09326742589473724,
-0.07686804980039597,
-0.02340538240969181,
-0.0008519849507138133,
0.044773560017347336,
0.06573022902011871,
0.006985089275985956,
-0.02511049062013626,
-0.01667352393269539,
-0.03183239325881004,
-0.031297046691179276,
-0.03201964125037193,
-0.021358398720622063,
0.010735737159848213,
0.03271717205643654,
0.044674795120954514,
-0.03616606444120407,
0.04789333418011665,
0.006798264104872942,
-0.026148317381739616,
0.003803364234045148,
0.050674933940172195,
0.027262413874268532,
-0.058661576360464096,
0.039786458015441895,
0.03292261064052582,
0.04108249768614769,
-0.04608134180307388,
0.027930548414587975,
-0.0893678143620491,
0.032282210886478424,
-0.01915215514600277,
-0.027792487293481827,
-0.06415512412786484,
-0.024334391579031944,
-0.010581431910395622,
-0.012102433480322361,
0.13719752430915833,
0.032976776361465454,
0.05583731457591057,
0.01766366884112358,
0.05330681800842285,
0.01851501129567623,
0.03813957795500755,
0.05923207104206085,
0.055767230689525604,
0.04140692576766014,
-0.07185336947441101,
0.005319287534803152,
-0.07282161712646484,
0.02395850606262684,
-0.06264548748731613,
0.006128309294581413,
-0.013215851038694382,
-0.026602383702993393,
0.04800235852599144,
0.023908015340566635,
0.02619195356965065,
-0.013907358050346375,
-0.08832499384880066,
-0.3038727045059204,
-0.010668117552995682,
-0.008679782971739769,
0.018881918862462044,
0.07426229119300842,
-0.01821921207010746,
0.026859791949391365,
-0.03229463845491409,
-0.02315147966146469,
-0.028488950803875923,
0.032272182404994965,
0.029589205980300903,
-0.046664513647556305,
-0.0321509949862957,
-0.04058787226676941,
-0.01298166811466217,
-0.03213910758495331,
-0.04465167224407196,
-0.012172721326351166,
0.017059875652194023,
0.04240388050675392,
-0.02470548450946808,
0.017028434202075005,
-0.011829674243927002,
0.011394643224775791,
-0.008864220231771469,
0.09830417484045029,
-0.029725616797804832,
0.0030841173138469458,
-0.019036447629332542,
0.014215493574738503,
0.005550650414079428,
-0.0973607748746872,
-0.06632963567972183,
-0.05713411420583725,
-0.03692648932337761,
-0.06811931729316711,
-0.10063666105270386,
-0.010749499313533306,
-0.002855117665603757,
0.07583639770746231,
0.054514363408088684,
0.0267056692391634,
-0.06430455297231674,
-0.04828216880559921,
-0.010800594463944435,
0.011882329359650612,
-0.0018636388704180717,
0.0264957956969738,
0.01700240932404995,
0.01839498244225979,
0.007310394197702408,
0.038713060319423676,
-0.025115802884101868,
0.04288054257631302,
0.012894188053905964,
-0.04592283070087433,
0.03372810781002045,
-0.05629990994930267,
-0.007205528672784567,
-0.06660734862089157,
-0.00004743216049973853,
-0.030661707744002342,
0.0344049371778965,
0.015873027965426445,
0.01834917813539505,
-0.025163190439343452,
-0.05080798640847206,
0.05536222085356712,
0.00575886107981205,
0.009466796182096004,
0.08566094934940338,
-0.023398013785481453,
0.01390683650970459,
0.06090078130364418,
0.08806252479553223,
-0.023238882422447205,
-0.049317389726638794,
-0.04929357022047043,
0.09525397419929504,
-0.04153202474117279,
-0.006559464149177074,
0.05487602576613426,
0.011591398157179356,
-0.019907241687178612,
0.02664897032082081,
0.03504073992371559,
-0.03319916874170303,
-0.008237824775278568,
0.04443153366446495,
0.05003343150019646,
0.006828395649790764,
-0.015972906723618507,
-0.03934001550078392,
0.06518272310495377,
0.009604531340301037,
-0.26223838329315186,
-0.05423441156744957,
0.006147055886685848,
0.018742747604846954,
0.004557969979941845,
0.05183522775769234,
0.05705929547548294,
-0.02085385099053383,
-0.013263131491839886,
0.006512797437608242,
0.018403122201561928,
-0.0047004204243421555,
0.04569658637046814,
0.003997925668954849,
0.03579887002706528,
-0.0023816898465156555,
0.033792898058891296,
-0.07809273898601532,
0.034421201795339584,
-0.03081659972667694,
0.036428507417440414,
-0.053892020136117935,
0.11616824567317963,
-0.03189115598797798,
-0.05650027096271515,
0.08438579738140106,
0.009595020674169064,
0.07199490815401077,
-0.07044439017772675,
-0.046360112726688385,
-0.01551758125424385,
0.02720663510262966,
0.0839749351143837,
-0.028075261041522026,
-0.009379217401146889,
0.03255308046936989,
-0.017171887680888176,
0.0322195440530777,
-0.0014199798461049795,
-0.0159696564078331,
-0.02607228234410286,
-0.02439793571829796,
-0.08103352785110474,
0.012857777997851372,
0.07755640149116516,
-0.07712319493293762,
-0.11021491140127182,
-0.00928836315870285,
-0.00982306245714426,
0.03374112769961357,
-0.01201335433870554,
-0.08421332389116287,
0.010805745609104633,
0.016452236101031303,
0.004410458263009787,
-0.04007686674594879,
-0.0011182425078004599,
0.013403796590864658,
-0.04658668860793114,
-0.026817111298441887,
0.008392038755118847,
0.04853028059005737,
0.017804676666855812,
0.05481800436973572,
0.04921792447566986
] |
PMID:6616 | [Formation and purification of the oxidoreductase inhibitor from NAD (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. | The oxidoreductase inhibitor is not formed from NADH as previously thought, but only from NAD under alkaline conditions. Analogues of NAD (e.g. NADP) and components of the NAD molecule (e.g. ADP) have no effect on the formation of the inhibitor. The most favourable pH, temperature, duration of incubation, type of buffer and NAD concentration for the formation of the inhibitor were investigated. The method for the formation and chromatographic isolation of the oxidoreductase inhibitor is briefly described. | [Formation and purification of the oxidoreductase inhibitor from NAD (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. The oxidoreductase inhibitor is not formed from NADH as previously thought, but only from NAD under alkaline conditions. Analogues of NAD (e.g. NADP) and components of the NAD molecule (e.g. ADP) have no effect on the formation of the inhibitor. The most favourable pH, temperature, duration of incubation, type of buffer and NAD concentration for the formation of the inhibitor were investigated. The method for the formation and chromatographic isolation of the oxidoreductase inhibitor is briefly described. | [
-0.07428663969039917,
0.004193191882222891,
-0.07240880280733109,
0.04636754095554352,
0.026051808148622513,
-0.03107825294137001,
0.031404610723257065,
0.011747393757104874,
-0.05528491735458374,
-0.052316050976514816,
0.0007844541687518358,
-0.05795048549771309,
0.07572593539953232,
0.012366088107228279,
-0.02327849715948105,
-0.015278906561434269,
-0.01260165311396122,
-0.033138588070869446,
-0.01994672231376171,
-0.017340699210762978,
-0.07863911241292953,
0.026078032329678535,
0.027609974145889282,
0.025905245915055275,
0.059119585901498795,
0.05395377799868584,
0.022024005651474,
-0.0024966385681182146,
-0.052098724991083145,
-0.18197239935398102,
-0.023237522691488266,
0.002314494689926505,
0.04149835556745529,
-0.04808467999100685,
0.0145955178886652,
0.041955895721912384,
0.010656466707587242,
0.06538252532482147,
-0.010298478417098522,
-0.012436657212674618,
0.015520014800131321,
0.0023329805117100477,
-0.022152045741677284,
0.03717271238565445,
0.015096699818968773,
0.04990663751959801,
-0.013215355575084686,
0.07618895173072815,
0.10111504793167114,
0.0031645928975194693,
0.026601767167448997,
0.08332817256450653,
0.05055048689246178,
-0.03411061689257622,
0.058661479502916336,
0.00777598237618804,
0.008090204559266567,
0.0467398576438427,
-0.016490116715431213,
0.0065567404963076115,
-0.024855870753526688,
-0.01684311404824257,
-0.12926390767097473,
0.01053033396601677,
0.09043147414922714,
-0.0010418185265734792,
0.009494016878306866,
-0.03886571526527405,
0.06099686026573181,
0.026318354532122612,
-0.045346297323703766,
0.05973513796925545,
0.013535857200622559,
-0.004276227205991745,
0.029817864298820496,
-0.012204642407596111,
0.0027561273891478777,
-0.021476419642567635,
0.02207948826253414,
-0.015352163463830948,
-0.019533731043338776,
0.028111204504966736,
-0.014155878685414791,
-0.011580624617636204,
0.0064286645501852036,
0.017357561737298965,
0.06333046406507492,
-0.02944108098745346,
-0.025096550583839417,
0.01564895547926426,
0.014452489092946053,
-0.012396298348903656,
-0.007402853108942509,
-0.040505941957235336,
-0.07246407866477966,
-0.0016257897950708866,
-0.01869889348745346,
0.01454262062907219,
0.043717145919799805,
0.3875758647918701,
-0.03302789106965065,
0.03569452464580536,
-0.07220788300037384,
-0.0732588842511177,
-0.044260479509830475,
-0.06762015074491501,
-0.036820750683546066,
0.023484814912080765,
0.03571303188800812,
0.047509606927633286,
0.042280133813619614,
0.013859902508556843,
-0.012228274717926979,
-0.08835021406412125,
0.029607396572828293,
0.039446871727705,
0.02084922417998314,
-0.020116537809371948,
-0.05927389860153198,
0.04912259057164192,
0.029465289786458015,
-0.027287965640425682,
0.009267420507967472,
-0.0024830978363752365,
0.02652432583272457,
0.026048824191093445,
-0.011628424748778343,
0.09145699441432953,
0.04983803629875183,
-0.008001531474292278,
0.0336783230304718,
-0.012276439927518368,
-0.008696562610566616,
-0.06302858889102936,
-0.022856874391436577,
-0.005073023494333029,
-0.02049955725669861,
-0.009142309427261353,
0.05334099382162094,
-0.0011917039519175887,
-0.035628318786621094,
-0.02604590356349945,
-0.04496951401233673,
-0.02584484964609146,
-0.012957517988979816,
0.008575343526899815,
-0.0020297947339713573,
0.07527919113636017,
-0.017120439559221268,
-0.03148145601153374,
0.02036336064338684,
0.06658151000738144,
0.0030250961426645517,
0.03301532566547394,
0.001005247118882835,
-0.011923445388674736,
-0.04041139408946037,
-0.016772210597991943,
0.011711289174854755,
0.017715392634272575,
-0.0904427096247673,
-0.02583431825041771,
0.0074585420079529285,
0.08716408163309097,
-0.038733676075935364,
0.0028064583893865347,
-0.02645953558385372,
0.01937152072787285,
0.07491549104452133,
-0.007930104620754719,
-0.03143274784088135,
-0.027066560462117195,
-0.045632824301719666,
-0.03453563526272774,
0.006479387171566486,
-0.0035643395967781544,
0.005224179942160845,
-0.01147580984979868,
0.04825379699468613,
-0.0569017119705677,
0.045092251151800156,
-0.02787759341299534,
-0.011364257894456387,
-0.026807745918631554,
0.041388049721717834,
-0.010226798243820667,
-0.05627145245671272,
0.04050316661596298,
0.023612651973962784,
0.04798005148768425,
-0.07211563736200333,
0.049233850091695786,
-0.10212931782007217,
0.03869010880589485,
-0.03472820669412613,
-0.022588655352592468,
-0.033476926386356354,
-0.020494062453508377,
0.003548861015588045,
-0.03698756918311119,
0.09770128130912781,
0.04415563866496086,
0.021373210474848747,
-0.0011144994059577584,
0.01721752993762493,
0.030506357550621033,
0.04609674960374832,
0.023405011743307114,
0.08141666650772095,
0.04086947441101074,
-0.07861648499965668,
0.02184465527534485,
-0.05894371122121811,
0.039149172604084015,
-0.04525298997759819,
0.014044524170458317,
-0.019623136147856712,
-0.0358399823307991,
0.034027282148599625,
0.01058641541749239,
0.0032201597932726145,
-0.01724938489496708,
-0.05156062915921211,
-0.2858584523200989,
0.01331394538283348,
0.03303100913763046,
0.01682674139738083,
0.06069090962409973,
-0.04336569458246231,
0.03290380537509918,
-0.02527972124516964,
-0.03631776571273804,
-0.03779733553528786,
0.04911081865429878,
0.03935948759317398,
-0.015866553410887718,
-0.012760777957737446,
-0.062271881848573685,
0.013002315536141396,
-0.02856035716831684,
-0.039495937526226044,
0.010334573686122894,
0.00373271806165576,
0.025250481441617012,
-0.009700708091259003,
0.045000020414590836,
0.02318335883319378,
0.01726195029914379,
0.010741236619651318,
0.07081770151853561,
-0.005199435167014599,
-0.0058896285481750965,
-0.021068375557661057,
0.03190341591835022,
0.0028235188219696283,
-0.056056879460811615,
-0.09968074411153793,
-0.08874841034412384,
-0.05847597494721413,
-0.03320088982582092,
-0.09884006530046463,
0.005707277916371822,
-0.010787703096866608,
0.05225198715925217,
0.0365716889500618,
-0.006770184263586998,
-0.053869713097810745,
-0.06022237613797188,
-0.02064950205385685,
-0.032629597932100296,
0.033467214554548264,
0.03333750739693642,
0.02035430446267128,
0.027607347816228867,
0.0551813580095768,
0.04666109383106232,
-0.024973466992378235,
0.031951844692230225,
0.011731388047337532,
-0.0691499412059784,
0.02642427384853363,
-0.041901540011167526,
0.0031138164922595024,
-0.0204747524112463,
0.03725465014576912,
-0.04453127086162567,
0.012317425571382046,
-0.02499029040336609,
-0.008253909647464752,
-0.033023059368133545,
-0.03618219122290611,
0.04945775866508484,
0.03945573791861534,
0.008636604063212872,
0.10091166943311691,
-0.009168962016701698,
0.023355210199952126,
0.040055714547634125,
0.07025836408138275,
-0.03502485528588295,
-0.07925158739089966,
-0.030013438314199448,
0.05214828997850418,
-0.059291575103998184,
-0.04015478491783142,
0.09143770486116409,
-0.005768491420894861,
-0.005371383391320705,
0.06986626237630844,
0.016040781512856483,
-0.018243439495563507,
0.0059554921463131905,
0.005779885221272707,
0.0032197150867432356,
0.005930916406214237,
-0.019897129386663437,
-0.005287174601107836,
0.07711866497993469,
-0.010478813201189041,
-0.26378852128982544,
-0.02005964331328869,
0.020464004948735237,
-0.006857626605778933,
-0.0013401155592873693,
0.046343378722667694,
0.037492785602808,
-0.00583820091560483,
0.012164131738245487,
0.0019395436393097043,
0.004414069000631571,
-0.019568827003240585,
0.03587264567613602,
0.0050873905420303345,
0.01053060032427311,
0.014958792366087437,
0.03309507668018341,
-0.055787425488233566,
0.0336146354675293,
-0.024015968665480614,
0.0025276122614741325,
-0.035148561000823975,
0.14455769956111908,
-0.015271758660674095,
-0.01711191236972809,
0.10226171463727951,
0.005922392476350069,
0.0429733507335186,
-0.07479599118232727,
-0.04703984782099724,
-0.014792125672101974,
-0.005011211149394512,
0.0999717116355896,
0.008672498166561127,
0.010035287588834763,
0.039446473121643066,
-0.024702100083231926,
0.03763780742883682,
-0.00458308681845665,
-0.006752795074135065,
-0.04290800541639328,
-0.02457449771463871,
-0.09177699685096741,
0.011714412830770016,
0.07329054176807404,
-0.1119295060634613,
-0.08326122164726257,
-0.03136127442121506,
0.0011313778813928366,
0.07693448662757874,
-0.020435765385627747,
-0.06876125186681747,
0.03253834322094917,
0.04370812326669693,
-0.016750525683164597,
-0.0633958950638771,
0.020937902852892876,
0.02708323672413826,
-0.04059293493628502,
-0.010067147202789783,
0.018830111250281334,
0.02883904054760933,
0.0285358689725399,
0.08798001706600189,
0.04456803575158119
] |
PMID:6617 | Ventilation and metabolic rate of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to sublethal environmental pH. | Differences between ventilatory response and metabolic rates of young rainbow trout tested within the sublethal range of pH 6 to pH 9 were observed using a flowing water respirometer. The oxygen consumption was monitored at swimming speeds of 12 cm/sec and 24 cm/sec. The oxygen consumption rates at 24 cm/sec and pH 6 (423 mg/kg-hr) and pH 9 (367 mg/kg-hr) were considerably higher than those determined near neutrality (328 mg/kg-hr). Ventilation rate increased to either side of neutrality, but significantly fewer respiratory reversals, or "coughs," were observed at pH 6 and a greater number at pH 9 than occurred at pH 7 and 8 or in untested fish. The respiratory-cough response is shown to be pH-dependent in rainbow trout and may therefore not be as reliable an indication of pollutant-caused stress in studies where the experimental pH has not been specified or controlled. | Ventilation and metabolic rate of young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to sublethal environmental pH. Differences between ventilatory response and metabolic rates of young rainbow trout tested within the sublethal range of pH 6 to pH 9 were observed using a flowing water respirometer. The oxygen consumption was monitored at swimming speeds of 12 cm/sec and 24 cm/sec. The oxygen consumption rates at 24 cm/sec and pH 6 (423 mg/kg-hr) and pH 9 (367 mg/kg-hr) were considerably higher than those determined near neutrality (328 mg/kg-hr). Ventilation rate increased to either side of neutrality, but significantly fewer respiratory reversals, or "coughs," were observed at pH 6 and a greater number at pH 9 than occurred at pH 7 and 8 or in untested fish. The respiratory-cough response is shown to be pH-dependent in rainbow trout and may therefore not be as reliable an indication of pollutant-caused stress in studies where the experimental pH has not been specified or controlled. | [
-0.02546028234064579,
0.003574301488697529,
0.02279599942266941,
0.027605490759015083,
0.027888117358088493,
-0.013598300516605377,
0.05676022544503212,
0.041208021342754364,
-0.04549076408147812,
0.013754983432590961,
0.00583193963393569,
-0.10255592316389084,
0.011996694840490818,
0.0010795032139867544,
-0.007367958314716816,
-0.03839864954352379,
0.025041257962584496,
-0.016333263367414474,
-0.04658135399222374,
0.01739010401070118,
0.021474041044712067,
-0.0011353277368471026,
0.06754764914512634,
-0.049082618206739426,
0.037531256675720215,
0.03797168657183647,
-0.06291726976633072,
0.034619174897670746,
-0.02931046113371849,
-0.1608845740556717,
0.011266733519732952,
-0.038871873170137405,
0.03593792766332626,
-0.036188460886478424,
-0.03471975401043892,
0.03671754151582718,
-0.032513875514268875,
0.0004489427083171904,
-0.05821651592850685,
0.08521755784749985,
-0.011286533437669277,
0.0388743057847023,
-0.0031159892678260803,
0.04600539803504944,
-0.04236811026930809,
0.009667983278632164,
-0.041807252913713455,
-0.016523998230695724,
0.09162027388811111,
-0.026478290557861328,
-0.04105392470955849,
-0.023223938420414925,
0.012544007040560246,
0.029445355758070946,
-0.010593283921480179,
-0.04732060432434082,
0.06498079001903534,
0.015084391459822655,
0.04606594890356064,
-0.05833032354712486,
-0.008820010349154472,
0.06290990859270096,
-0.13600991666316986,
0.042882226407527924,
0.017409319058060646,
0.035328835248947144,
-0.09099938720464706,
0.03322289139032364,
0.05457879230380058,
-0.010058540850877762,
-0.0645163431763649,
0.021849051117897034,
0.016233930364251137,
-0.02533811703324318,
0.040265340358018875,
-0.004055905621498823,
-0.0447346568107605,
0.016196774318814278,
0.033508241176605225,
-0.01663707196712494,
-0.0313703753054142,
0.0172111913561821,
-0.007298796903342009,
-0.01939220167696476,
0.03916424140334129,
-0.025628304108977318,
0.08616212010383606,
-0.04235990718007088,
-0.007885214872658253,
0.009690212085843086,
-0.02133270539343357,
-0.04868631064891815,
-0.015606026165187359,
0.031177137047052383,
-0.05013858154416084,
0.061237648129463196,
0.023933323100209236,
-0.014948299154639244,
-0.053724151104688644,
0.4249950349330902,
0.010897072963416576,
0.0666251927614212,
-0.026887742802500725,
0.013035294599831104,
0.0013600332895293832,
-0.012820102274417877,
-0.025278037413954735,
-0.04491395130753517,
-0.03411947190761566,
0.0006101459730416536,
0.021340005099773407,
-0.027683939784765244,
0.05933724716305733,
-0.00824318639934063,
-0.014968604780733585,
0.03370917588472366,
0.030939586460590363,
0.034032609313726425,
0.017726948484778404,
0.0013901214115321636,
-0.061607904732227325,
-0.0008578507695347071,
0.03244026377797127,
-0.024954799562692642,
0.06904373317956924,
0.012681586667895317,
0.029337793588638306,
0.048662472516298294,
0.019387084990739822,
0.020928163081407547,
0.06971843540668488,
-0.0003214145253878087,
0.01616104692220688,
-0.06522996723651886,
-0.06342526525259018,
-0.014880065806210041,
0.07682283967733383,
-0.008125522173941135,
-0.00965941697359085,
0.013389463536441326,
-0.05694810673594475,
-0.07529822736978531,
0.01579989120364189,
-0.07485909759998322,
-0.07789143919944763,
0.08936397731304169,
0.020799420773983,
0.01121869683265686,
-0.05096079036593437,
-0.0495973601937294,
-0.02135821059346199,
0.031441014260053635,
0.03341139480471611,
-0.014633387327194214,
-0.012734356336295605,
-0.05205288156867027,
-0.07451437413692474,
0.060955747961997986,
0.029662709683179855,
-0.011916742660105228,
-0.056468214839696884,
-0.013714367523789406,
0.03671242296695709,
0.023473503068089485,
0.025874324142932892,
0.019961431622505188,
-0.028711387887597084,
-0.003140015061944723,
0.0010114863980561495,
0.02208656631410122,
-0.024559352546930313,
-0.037928324192762375,
0.07235750555992126,
-0.07986049354076385,
-0.009345855563879013,
-0.00370336277410388,
0.02750288136303425,
0.024257518351078033,
-0.00029716792050749063,
0.012374736368656158,
0.0504329539835453,
0.020250486209988594,
-0.04137701168656349,
0.028260251507163048,
0.035687413066625595,
-0.0631730705499649,
-0.06402885168790817,
-0.025832436978816986,
-0.0515112578868866,
0.050307996571063995,
-0.050623729825019836,
-0.07372647523880005,
-0.044544048607349396,
0.03465072438120842,
-0.0008480946999043226,
-0.020989736542105675,
0.025918634608387947,
-0.02005610801279545,
0.035115890204906464,
-0.02915135584771633,
0.07237093150615692,
-0.022756407037377357,
0.010358091443777084,
0.03675193339586258,
-0.0008134746458381414,
0.0212236400693655,
0.025146139785647392,
-0.005741687025874853,
0.04026392847299576,
0.025023702532052994,
-0.011039255186915398,
-0.024906909093260765,
-0.05895407497882843,
0.01262274757027626,
-0.04886479303240776,
0.03730707988142967,
0.04399118945002556,
0.003299516625702381,
0.02765791490674019,
-0.017427803948521614,
0.005524484906345606,
-0.1149216964840889,
-0.03404689207673073,
-0.2975088357925415,
0.0378069132566452,
0.016624830663204193,
0.00733015313744545,
0.09669122844934464,
-0.037952158600091934,
0.016206946223974228,
-0.006825873628258705,
0.013113738968968391,
-0.01117253303527832,
0.019647248089313507,
-0.015856819227337837,
-0.006378808990120888,
0.006321002263575792,
0.07583316415548325,
0.08670133352279663,
0.03477788716554642,
-0.002695192117244005,
-0.00130423903465271,
0.026132550090551376,
0.024887690320611,
0.00798119232058525,
-0.0000549747419427149,
0.010870000347495079,
0.11533012986183167,
-0.016107916831970215,
0.12005668133497238,
-0.018031511455774307,
0.020559517666697502,
0.007307007443159819,
0.011150073260068893,
-0.011675409972667694,
0.013231088407337666,
-0.08651245385408401,
-0.026579106226563454,
-0.014159996062517166,
0.005001989658921957,
-0.023599302396178246,
-0.029088402166962624,
-0.04333709552884102,
-0.09250272065401077,
0.03998671844601631,
-0.05524658039212227,
-0.030213311314582825,
-0.033254168927669525,
-0.03251877799630165,
0.02599862404167652,
0.01732395589351654,
-0.06353738903999329,
-0.05809788405895233,
0.013552634976804256,
0.03730589896440506,
0.028918175026774406,
-0.04889059439301491,
0.037141334265470505,
-0.014174371026456356,
-0.04208401218056679,
0.006802909076213837,
-0.09925182163715363,
-0.030580509454011917,
-0.010730449110269547,
-0.010760939680039883,
0.06198203191161156,
0.005470191594213247,
-0.021285587921738625,
0.0013924676459282637,
-0.0006771410699002445,
-0.01450278703123331,
0.006739266682416201,
0.02477840892970562,
0.0654539242386818,
0.09486570954322815,
-0.009546454064548016,
0.01490093395113945,
0.03632089123129845,
0.03384128585457802,
-0.026430189609527588,
-0.07126877456903458,
-0.03183222562074661,
-0.0058855158276855946,
0.05267361178994179,
-0.0696161687374115,
0.035735923796892166,
0.0073595065623521805,
-0.0063021378591656685,
-0.018047096207737923,
-0.012605887837707996,
-0.025633782148361206,
0.04422410577535629,
0.029240807518363,
0.014710525050759315,
-0.0017332296120002866,
-0.007411368191242218,
-0.06944167613983154,
0.027212632820010185,
0.06597553938627243,
-0.25665444135665894,
-0.04589437320828438,
0.0014692897675558925,
-0.010861328803002834,
-0.019221743568778038,
0.029109418392181396,
-0.018573980778455734,
-0.00566001096740365,
0.003072248073294759,
0.06259796023368835,
-0.029493864625692368,
0.08404172211885452,
0.032507944852113724,
0.08768433332443237,
0.005798242520540953,
0.026422403752803802,
-0.0053541758097708225,
-0.07719988375902176,
0.050491396337747574,
-0.003552018664777279,
-0.001476659206673503,
-0.02724497765302658,
0.09265435487031937,
-0.0138056306168437,
-0.023425700142979622,
0.014237447641789913,
-0.007406676188111305,
0.027637973427772522,
-0.012529517523944378,
0.0286325141787529,
0.04370831325650215,
0.004868108779191971,
0.05720165744423866,
-0.05490041896700859,
0.01185600645840168,
0.0783490240573883,
-0.07595305144786835,
-0.020264456048607826,
0.005665477365255356,
0.026017794385552406,
-0.030116168782114983,
0.015976345166563988,
0.01930087059736252,
-0.015281697735190392,
0.06040545552968979,
0.0050269910134375095,
-0.010640350170433521,
-0.03964819386601448,
-0.015430240891873837,
0.031799446791410446,
-0.03411876782774925,
-0.01177559420466423,
0.023710016161203384,
0.06437908858060837,
-0.004851632285863161,
0.02539457194507122,
0.024701083078980446,
-0.0785365179181099,
-0.016507640480995178,
-0.037589360028505325,
0.08335262537002563,
-0.04003741219639778,
-0.01983552612364292,
0.05725438892841339,
0.06153907999396324
] |
PMID:6618 | Gustatory hairs on the mosquito, Culiseta inornata. | Gustatory hairs were investigated on the legs and mouthparts of Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae). One type of hair, each innervated by four neurons, was found on the legs. Two of the neurons responded to NaCl stimulation, one neuron to water stimulation, and one neuron to sucrose stimulation. Three kinds of hairs designated Type I (T1), Type 2 (T2) and Type 3 (T3) were analyzed on the labella. The T1 hairs are innervated by one sugar neuron, one mechanoreceptor, two salt neurons and one water neuron. The T2 hairs are innervated by two salt neurons and one mechanoreceptor. The T3 hairs, located on the oral surface of the labella, are innervated by a variable number (2-5) of neurons. Precise identification of the T3 chemosensory neurons was not made because of the small size and inaccessibility of the T3 hairs. Chemosensory hairs on the tip of the labrum were tested electrophysiologically. the sequence of decreasing effeectiveness for the three salts tested was KCl greater than NaCl greater than LiCl. Labral chemoreceptors also responded positively to sucrose. | Gustatory hairs on the mosquito, Culiseta inornata. Gustatory hairs were investigated on the legs and mouthparts of Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae). One type of hair, each innervated by four neurons, was found on the legs. Two of the neurons responded to NaCl stimulation, one neuron to water stimulation, and one neuron to sucrose stimulation. Three kinds of hairs designated Type I (T1), Type 2 (T2) and Type 3 (T3) were analyzed on the labella. The T1 hairs are innervated by one sugar neuron, one mechanoreceptor, two salt neurons and one water neuron. The T2 hairs are innervated by two salt neurons and one mechanoreceptor. The T3 hairs, located on the oral surface of the labella, are innervated by a variable number (2-5) of neurons. Precise identification of the T3 chemosensory neurons was not made because of the small size and inaccessibility of the T3 hairs. Chemosensory hairs on the tip of the labrum were tested electrophysiologically. the sequence of decreasing effeectiveness for the three salts tested was KCl greater than NaCl greater than LiCl. Labral chemoreceptors also responded positively to sucrose. | [
0.024202896282076836,
-0.045460060238838196,
-0.015725944191217422,
0.006202825345098972,
-0.005460670217871666,
-0.009358275681734085,
0.10269300639629364,
-0.008129268884658813,
-0.030092721804976463,
0.003048340091481805,
-0.010366239584982395,
-0.06407630443572998,
-0.02513185143470764,
0.03069181926548481,
0.05636109784245491,
0.005227675195783377,
0.0018317158101126552,
-0.012793570756912231,
-0.07147913426160812,
0.03372655808925629,
0.020128916949033737,
-0.02243003249168396,
0.02322731912136078,
-0.0013834447599947453,
-0.002272221026942134,
-0.02072290889918804,
-0.018701184540987015,
-0.042651716619729996,
0.0065639810636639595,
-0.17901286482810974,
0.03555038943886757,
0.039658963680267334,
-0.010002539493143559,
-0.0819249153137207,
-0.05390850082039833,
0.00561433844268322,
-0.006662894040346146,
0.01015701424330473,
-0.00013360769662540406,
-0.007993100211024284,
0.05423073470592499,
0.04335692897439003,
-0.08235081285238266,
-0.06642937660217285,
-0.02508416585624218,
-0.08423575758934021,
-0.030472859740257263,
0.011627841740846634,
0.08159608393907547,
-0.0012971042888239026,
0.0035652632359415293,
-0.08014088124036789,
0.040429238229990005,
0.015713755041360855,
0.005417053122073412,
0.006235999055206776,
-0.032539669424295425,
0.06082403287291527,
-0.012424124404788017,
-0.036562107503414154,
-0.023650402203202248,
0.03780297189950943,
-0.0930519625544548,
0.06837274134159088,
0.019420700147747993,
-0.02377883531153202,
0.0017854268662631512,
-0.018607566133141518,
0.022417981177568436,
0.012246867641806602,
-0.033439308404922485,
0.04168669879436493,
-0.009558791294693947,
-0.045657992362976074,
-0.007625374011695385,
-0.010280705988407135,
0.00407570693641901,
0.0170882660895586,
0.012246556580066681,
0.015308428555727005,
0.021160520613193512,
-0.015267047099769115,
0.005060359835624695,
-0.024997396394610405,
0.04103783890604973,
-0.049347445368766785,
0.04055875167250633,
0.011730770580470562,
-0.0341339185833931,
0.014289621263742447,
-0.05869800224900246,
-0.04306820034980774,
-0.04365213215351105,
0.021714260801672935,
-0.031368035823106766,
0.022660696879029274,
-0.01814434677362442,
-0.032988592982292175,
0.018263215199112892,
0.3704921305179596,
-0.04473442956805229,
-0.010770594701170921,
0.01891213469207287,
-0.02563624642789364,
-0.008292813785374165,
0.02557196281850338,
-0.02016349695622921,
-0.05513129010796547,
-0.006370186805725098,
0.050154466181993484,
0.03393437713384628,
0.027459191158413887,
0.01714869774878025,
-0.0003442052402533591,
-0.06451795995235443,
-0.02682504989206791,
0.06091449782252312,
-0.038131434470415115,
0.012743378058075905,
-0.027518294751644135,
-0.009703008458018303,
-0.034937985241413116,
0.04291236028075218,
-0.005530139897018671,
0.05904947221279144,
-0.00933860894292593,
0.0015724131371825933,
0.07712802290916443,
0.045919109135866165,
0.007775564212352037,
0.04495507478713989,
0.03984246030449867,
0.010311699472367764,
0.013232700526714325,
0.000745818018913269,
0.009081423282623291,
0.05116940662264824,
-0.04301831126213074,
-0.0013446572702378035,
0.0018143446650356054,
-0.05441790819168091,
-0.07589948177337646,
0.0049092695116996765,
-0.07960342615842819,
-0.05092769116163254,
0.04279782995581627,
-0.003431969555094838,
-0.00006488108920166269,
-0.019743923097848892,
0.03939124569296837,
-0.03363960608839989,
0.048577748239040375,
0.012869885191321373,
0.023241190239787102,
0.019984856247901917,
0.056094661355018616,
-0.05919915437698364,
0.034888654947280884,
-0.010634373873472214,
0.02554580383002758,
-0.030687883496284485,
0.05534270405769348,
0.024405663833022118,
0.030623089522123337,
0.07674235850572586,
-0.05458569526672363,
-0.044807661324739456,
0.015558809973299503,
0.013531818054616451,
0.013363465666770935,
0.020931238308548927,
-0.003952432423830032,
-0.04956812784075737,
-0.012635658495128155,
-0.014775876887142658,
0.02715356834232807,
-0.0260542631149292,
-0.032004278153181076,
0.0396650955080986,
0.03736180439591408,
0.0983424186706543,
-0.06793506443500519,
0.0021933710668236017,
0.015617585740983486,
-0.002835869789123535,
0.004972587805241346,
-0.04622478783130646,
-0.019607260823249817,
-0.0409344807267189,
-0.0015021919971331954,
-0.04772229865193367,
-0.05136672779917717,
-0.010126380249857903,
0.019374122843146324,
-0.0265196505934,
-0.04565420001745224,
0.0590900219976902,
0.013260296545922756,
-0.015622788108885288,
0.001732173259370029,
0.05825195834040642,
-0.009201548993587494,
-0.007473096251487732,
0.06845814734697342,
0.02393963932991028,
0.006843352224677801,
-0.001602597301825881,
0.0033092633821070194,
0.034726038575172424,
0.005277192685753107,
-0.011063658632338047,
0.014358765445649624,
0.04879740625619888,
-0.014362286776304245,
-0.024217231199145317,
-0.00940567348152399,
0.022913610562682152,
0.045711543411016464,
0.06429054588079453,
-0.0008028123993426561,
0.015190143138170242,
-0.05414634943008423,
-0.0781199261546135,
-0.2792842984199524,
-0.0321902334690094,
0.029737474396824837,
-0.04535922780632973,
0.12162820994853973,
-0.05691767856478691,
0.06536800414323807,
-0.03448134660720825,
0.04970284178853035,
-0.11662495136260986,
-0.013978211209177971,
0.054610446095466614,
-0.004422035999596119,
-0.01985287107527256,
0.003464818000793457,
0.10033430904150009,
0.1228683814406395,
-0.018675997853279114,
-0.004669785965234041,
0.038552962243556976,
0.07597235590219498,
0.018420793116092682,
0.04021848365664482,
-0.008581658825278282,
0.018186837434768677,
-0.03224490210413933,
0.13559937477111816,
0.07447908073663712,
0.03437758609652519,
-0.03361593559384346,
-0.027948329225182533,
0.07938729226589203,
-0.009901189245283604,
-0.07600342482328415,
0.027502410113811493,
0.008169068023562431,
0.00014020172238815576,
-0.035000406205654144,
-0.014710420742630959,
-0.023777557536959648,
-0.02403242327272892,
-0.0017876280471682549,
0.004160451237112284,
0.012829986400902271,
-0.004469027742743492,
-0.02784457616508007,
0.005423928610980511,
0.0032999967224895954,
0.005192689597606659,
-0.05708742141723633,
0.0074674407951533794,
0.058803725987672806,
0.00048585887998342514,
0.008397783152759075,
0.008030960336327553,
-0.04958963394165039,
-0.08657381683588028,
-0.010770292021334171,
-0.0648663192987442,
-0.0074951318092644215,
-0.012479208409786224,
-0.0137759605422616,
0.015493541024625301,
-0.07650897651910782,
-0.010914255864918232,
-0.014100134372711182,
-0.0018315390916541219,
-0.0032584266737103462,
0.10427160561084747,
-0.0058210063725709915,
0.032670170068740845,
0.11397657543420792,
0.02046477422118187,
0.04085156321525574,
0.019511764869093895,
-0.03190756216645241,
0.016091641038656235,
-0.005442809779196978,
-0.061669692397117615,
0.034426260739564896,
0.006429280154407024,
-0.01773621141910553,
0.059270765632390976,
-0.002836973872035742,
-0.0766063705086708,
0.028584567829966545,
-0.025649474933743477,
-0.086954265832901,
0.11626184731721878,
0.003994389437139034,
0.011187229305505753,
0.008483067154884338,
-0.04920457303524017,
-0.05347418040037155,
0.017844639718532562,
0.08567409217357635,
-0.2701036036014557,
0.02653059922158718,
0.05095745250582695,
0.0033023743890225887,
0.002809257712215185,
0.06108758971095085,
0.012456205673515797,
-0.10046886652708054,
0.002115173265337944,
0.010097993537783623,
0.0521465539932251,
-0.008876270614564419,
0.0375325083732605,
0.06998299807310104,
0.03476555272936821,
0.06129226088523865,
0.05294349417090416,
-0.07742607593536377,
0.062335483729839325,
-0.050779201090335846,
-0.019092168658971786,
-0.08413247764110565,
0.13284872472286224,
0.034511931240558624,
0.00014138723781798035,
-0.01083752978593111,
-0.06673990935087204,
0.005281760822981596,
-0.017391027882695198,
0.004599791951477528,
0.06888558715581894,
-0.013514193706214428,
0.11132834106683731,
-0.006856640800833702,
0.03433207795023918,
0.05376644805073738,
-0.09412912279367447,
-0.07506615668535233,
0.027331076562404633,
-0.0038902941159904003,
-0.05788975581526756,
0.01566206105053425,
-0.0589044913649559,
-0.04143473878502846,
0.023543599992990494,
0.002978409407660365,
-0.05443365126848221,
0.014310865662992,
-0.03058675304055214,
0.00582104129716754,
0.031166506931185722,
-0.010179715231060982,
0.005586470942944288,
0.0003383953298907727,
0.0061592659913003445,
0.009543372318148613,
-0.06760299205780029,
-0.007836760953068733,
-0.004172456916421652,
-0.0026891138404607773,
0.05684354901313782,
-0.04739363119006157,
0.02836468443274498,
-0.00936963502317667,
0.046691663563251495
] |
PMID:6619 | Proton transport by phosphate diffusion--a mechanism of facilitated CO2 transfer. | We have measured CO2 fluxes across phosphate solutions at different carbonic anhydrase concentrations, bicarbonate concentration gradients, phosphate concentrations, and mobilities. Temperature was 22-25 degrees C, the pH of the phosphate solutions was 7.0-7.3. We found that under physiological conditions of pH and pCO2 a facilitated diffusion of CO2 occurs in addition to free diffusion when (a) sufficient carbonic anhydrase is present, and (b) a concentration gradient of HCO3- is established along with a pCO2 gradient, and (c) the phosphate buffer has a mobility comparable to that of bicarbonate. When the phosphate was immobilized by attaching 0.25-mm-long cellulose particles, no facilitation of CO2 diffusion was detectable. A mechanism of facilitated CO2 diffusion in phosphate solutions analogous to that in albumin solutions was proposed on the basis of these findings: bicarbonate diffusion together with a facilitated proton transport by phosphate diffusion. A mathematical model of this mechanism was formulated. The CO2 fluxed predicted by the model agree quantitatively with the experimentally determined fluxes. It is concluded that a highly effective proton transport mechanism acts in solutions of mobile phosphate buffers. By this mechanism; CO2 transfer may be increased up to fivefold and proton transfer may be increased to 10,000-fold. | Proton transport by phosphate diffusion--a mechanism of facilitated CO2 transfer. We have measured CO2 fluxes across phosphate solutions at different carbonic anhydrase concentrations, bicarbonate concentration gradients, phosphate concentrations, and mobilities. Temperature was 22-25 degrees C, the pH of the phosphate solutions was 7.0-7.3. We found that under physiological conditions of pH and pCO2 a facilitated diffusion of CO2 occurs in addition to free diffusion when (a) sufficient carbonic anhydrase is present, and (b) a concentration gradient of HCO3- is established along with a pCO2 gradient, and (c) the phosphate buffer has a mobility comparable to that of bicarbonate. When the phosphate was immobilized by attaching 0.25-mm-long cellulose particles, no facilitation of CO2 diffusion was detectable. A mechanism of facilitated CO2 diffusion in phosphate solutions analogous to that in albumin solutions was proposed on the basis of these findings: bicarbonate diffusion together with a facilitated proton transport by phosphate diffusion. A mathematical model of this mechanism was formulated. The CO2 fluxed predicted by the model agree quantitatively with the experimentally determined fluxes. It is concluded that a highly effective proton transport mechanism acts in solutions of mobile phosphate buffers. By this mechanism; CO2 transfer may be increased up to fivefold and proton transfer may be increased to 10,000-fold. | [
-0.06515293568372726,
-0.012743762694299221,
-0.013248002156615257,
0.023645851761102676,
0.01482368353754282,
-0.06282069534063339,
0.03512554615736008,
-0.010492387227714062,
-0.04834024980664253,
0.038832224905490875,
0.029289107769727707,
-0.06357864290475845,
-0.0008846208802424371,
0.058505043387413025,
0.04666845500469208,
-0.012914419174194336,
-0.030775973573327065,
0.0355890654027462,
-0.05263076350092888,
-0.040131404995918274,
0.007019631564617157,
-0.009090174920856953,
-0.020854108035564423,
-0.04035760089755058,
0.01721111871302128,
0.05043739452958107,
0.04845420643687248,
0.01148996688425541,
-0.0768919512629509,
-0.20895132422447205,
0.0462256520986557,
-0.05014251917600632,
-0.031379833817481995,
-0.05641577020287514,
-0.022432221099734306,
0.07561825960874557,
-0.003505342872813344,
0.01208625826984644,
-0.009537375532090664,
0.07772722095251083,
0.02115086279809475,
0.01241594459861517,
0.01905302330851555,
0.05036989971995354,
-0.016375131905078888,
-0.04742203652858734,
-0.029777588322758675,
0.036588724702596664,
0.07254993170499802,
-0.014641504734754562,
0.00131795066408813,
0.05848107486963272,
-0.044055208563804626,
-0.017654720693826675,
0.005831278860569,
0.01595619134604931,
0.049365438520908356,
-0.004587320610880852,
0.03958670049905777,
-0.0375160314142704,
0.041222140192985535,
0.024962319061160088,
-0.1473425179719925,
0.06883262097835541,
0.12961368262767792,
0.013613207265734673,
0.004372734110802412,
-0.03020203299820423,
0.05175541713833809,
0.048881277441978455,
-0.05750730633735657,
0.026266034692525864,
-0.009409652091562748,
0.003540163394063711,
0.05519692972302437,
-0.03154259920120239,
0.027943382039666176,
0.000356783508323133,
-0.004059236496686935,
-0.026394138112664223,
-0.03471796214580536,
0.029203973710536957,
-0.004654628690332174,
-0.03631367161870003,
-0.03024439699947834,
-0.012946795672178268,
0.024645010009407997,
-0.04451976716518402,
-0.04991375282406807,
0.0006272785249166191,
-0.001459384337067604,
-0.08078356087207794,
-0.03383000195026398,
0.05018257722258568,
-0.07227380573749542,
0.0625399574637413,
0.08563470095396042,
-0.0018129035597667098,
0.0008039977983571589,
0.392070472240448,
-0.025392604991793633,
0.018523655831813812,
0.0469670295715332,
0.004513989202678204,
-0.004889614414423704,
-0.04773683845996857,
0.005900717806071043,
0.034140896052122116,
0.0294877290725708,
0.009202462621033192,
0.026598818600177765,
-0.0035918818321079016,
0.02306659147143364,
-0.014343423768877983,
0.00629782397300005,
0.018841473385691643,
-0.01615089736878872,
0.05128910019993782,
0.0031504060607403517,
0.0072986348532140255,
-0.05070342496037483,
-0.012636078521609306,
0.038277555257081985,
0.032852135598659515,
0.006253415253013372,
0.011665254831314087,
-0.030444137752056122,
0.06721708923578262,
0.044961556792259216,
0.002670143498107791,
0.05682268366217613,
0.007635663263499737,
-0.004442508798092604,
0.002057570032775402,
-0.02976316027343273,
-0.04797729104757309,
0.02902790904045105,
-0.04516870528459549,
0.01980595290660858,
0.01012035459280014,
-0.025565924122929573,
-0.01650363579392433,
-0.0301834549754858,
-0.1644778549671173,
-0.0565083883702755,
0.09539352357387543,
0.008207482285797596,
0.037444256246089935,
-0.044739797711372375,
0.007150422316044569,
0.00036635622382164,
0.07724788784980774,
-0.03437439352273941,
0.016452571377158165,
0.011288339272141457,
-0.02439531311392784,
0.022982513532042503,
-0.008943557739257812,
0.021016759797930717,
0.005158089566975832,
-0.022823333740234375,
0.00011991805513389409,
-0.01670263707637787,
0.10454978793859482,
0.04893052205443382,
-0.03284817934036255,
0.012885029427707195,
-0.03511837124824524,
0.011244871653616428,
-0.0012491090456023812,
0.03840522840619087,
0.026614103466272354,
0.0032873607706278563,
-0.09186718612909317,
0.026904914528131485,
0.02583160251379013,
-0.04821540415287018,
0.010410361923277378,
0.03964200243353844,
-0.025936556980013847,
0.04770610108971596,
0.0297629963606596,
-0.045381683856248856,
0.013862092979252338,
0.08784366399049759,
0.01144613791257143,
-0.06875821202993393,
-0.004669065121561289,
-0.0620279535651207,
0.051769353449344635,
-0.019042378291487694,
-0.018476160243153572,
-0.08412928879261017,
0.012092622928321362,
-0.023866064846515656,
-0.015820031985640526,
-0.01279749721288681,
-0.02213747426867485,
-0.03745511174201965,
0.01294401939958334,
0.05615075305104256,
0.008712418377399445,
-0.04936223104596138,
0.020149672403931618,
-0.010302247479557991,
-0.0017804568633437157,
0.008359926752746105,
0.03243936598300934,
-0.009196814149618149,
0.04128408432006836,
-0.019006026908755302,
-0.01917566917836666,
-0.035584669560194016,
0.0034755198284983635,
-0.0492902472615242,
0.040968772023916245,
-0.00249911448918283,
0.024061506614089012,
0.03656204417347908,
-0.015045631676912308,
0.020682318136096,
-0.09311342239379883,
-0.028571780771017075,
-0.28720423579216003,
-0.01777573674917221,
0.052502475678920746,
0.00810543168336153,
0.07989577949047089,
-0.04432234540581703,
0.013645519502460957,
0.003989365883171558,
-0.011929100379347801,
-0.048699986189603806,
0.05012035742402077,
0.015409893356263638,
-0.04704073444008827,
0.006500244606286287,
-0.012729641050100327,
-0.021237285807728767,
0.037913572043180466,
-0.01309004332870245,
0.03420056030154228,
0.004959223326295614,
0.06465590000152588,
-0.002495866734534502,
0.01801491342484951,
0.033515967428684235,
0.029653025791049004,
-0.00193543522618711,
0.08184614777565002,
-0.013257642276585102,
-0.00011646861821645871,
-0.025070779025554657,
0.039847515523433685,
0.07514410465955734,
0.019870301708579063,
-0.07986041158437729,
-0.05503188446164131,
-0.004688433837145567,
0.026213543489575386,
-0.05321729555726051,
-0.017632268369197845,
-0.07222945243120193,
-0.014748504385352135,
0.045051537454128265,
-0.0540558286011219,
-0.015174338594079018,
0.0025907575618475676,
0.013704785145819187,
0.023703349754214287,
0.015959560871124268,
-0.010809164494276047,
0.001457642181776464,
0.0704340785741806,
0.012591750361025333,
-0.013133896514773369,
-0.08161866664886475,
-0.002552615711465478,
-0.03563747927546501,
0.030425677075982094,
0.05252157896757126,
-0.07502787560224533,
-0.0228527020663023,
-0.05771223455667496,
-0.020885620266199112,
0.0028774174861609936,
0.046799369156360626,
-0.0002892343618441373,
0.012175463140010834,
0.020504364743828773,
0.010855584405362606,
0.00502278795465827,
-0.0016360729932785034,
0.08388439565896988,
0.09340032935142517,
-0.04359262064099312,
0.04508398100733757,
0.042227137833833694,
0.028866790235042572,
-0.03597766160964966,
-0.02904866263270378,
-0.037403952330350876,
-0.053618162870407104,
0.03865509852766991,
0.00678519019857049,
0.09466487914323807,
0.014710718765854836,
0.0005764568340964615,
0.05569728463888168,
0.01462406013160944,
-0.031201740726828575,
-0.006365384440869093,
-0.04248188063502312,
-0.02960395999252796,
-0.03409016504883766,
-0.07902712374925613,
-0.08446768671274185,
0.08062469959259033,
0.044846147298812866,
-0.27658796310424805,
-0.019620798528194427,
0.03494098782539368,
0.034384191036224365,
-0.007493315730243921,
0.010316398926079273,
0.04903564229607582,
0.004451962187886238,
-0.005471976939588785,
0.06181517243385315,
0.0007471632561646402,
0.0325748473405838,
0.027485135942697525,
0.12137295305728912,
0.02529963292181492,
0.0031011919490993023,
0.004197262227535248,
-0.07473581284284592,
-0.013730835169553757,
-0.0537562295794487,
-0.01711375080049038,
-0.03320275619626045,
0.12206116318702698,
-0.021014774218201637,
-0.028660401701927185,
0.005308401770889759,
-0.013602946884930134,
-0.0003546587540768087,
-0.01774357073009014,
-0.025790225714445114,
-0.025876197963953018,
0.017471900209784508,
0.01571771316230297,
-0.03487212955951691,
0.06063174828886986,
-0.007443629205226898,
0.027947070077061653,
0.004035834223031998,
-0.014131652191281319,
-0.045635394752025604,
0.0242338664829731,
-0.03590451553463936,
-0.041804227977991104,
-0.040692493319511414,
0.03938029706478119,
-0.05219881981611252,
-0.035948991775512695,
-0.08139806240797043,
-0.0016889324178919196,
0.00822113174945116,
0.025097696110606194,
-0.006472725886851549,
0.05878854915499687,
0.012881926260888577,
0.011418592184782028,
0.017980635166168213,
-0.013116927817463875,
-0.051811136305332184,
-0.04275617375969887,
-0.020635491237044334,
0.05438635125756264,
-0.05151988938450813,
0.020663024857640266,
0.06172412633895874,
0.009150451980531216
] |
PMID:6620 | Distribution of rhodopsin and retinochrome in the squid retina. | The cephalopod retina contains two kinds of photopigments, rhodopsin and retinochrome. For many years retinochrome has been thought to be localized in the inner segments of the visual cells, whereas rhodopsin is in the outer segments. However, it is now clear that retinochrome can be extracted also from fragments of outer segments. In the dark-adapted retina of Loligo pealei retinochrome is distributed half-and-half in the inner and outer segments. Todarodes pacificus contains much more retinochrome than Loligo, and it is more abundant in the outer than in the inner segments. The outer segments of Loligo contain retinochrome and metarhodopsin in addition to rhodopsin, whether squids are kept in the dark or in the light. But there is extremely little metarhodopsin (about 3% of rhodopsin) even in light-adapted eyes. The inner segments contain only retinochrome, and much less in the light than in the dark. On the other hand, retinochrome in the outer segments increases markedly during light adaptation. These facts suggest the possibility that some retinochrome moves forward from the inner to the outer segments during light adaptation and there reacts with metarhodopsin to promote regeneration of rhodopsin. | Distribution of rhodopsin and retinochrome in the squid retina. The cephalopod retina contains two kinds of photopigments, rhodopsin and retinochrome. For many years retinochrome has been thought to be localized in the inner segments of the visual cells, whereas rhodopsin is in the outer segments. However, it is now clear that retinochrome can be extracted also from fragments of outer segments. In the dark-adapted retina of Loligo pealei retinochrome is distributed half-and-half in the inner and outer segments. Todarodes pacificus contains much more retinochrome than Loligo, and it is more abundant in the outer than in the inner segments. The outer segments of Loligo contain retinochrome and metarhodopsin in addition to rhodopsin, whether squids are kept in the dark or in the light. But there is extremely little metarhodopsin (about 3% of rhodopsin) even in light-adapted eyes. The inner segments contain only retinochrome, and much less in the light than in the dark. On the other hand, retinochrome in the outer segments increases markedly during light adaptation. These facts suggest the possibility that some retinochrome moves forward from the inner to the outer segments during light adaptation and there reacts with metarhodopsin to promote regeneration of rhodopsin. | [
-0.056677017360925674,
-0.05351250618696213,
-0.045390307903289795,
0.011100740171968937,
0.02907448261976242,
-0.02927667833864689,
0.06417063623666763,
-0.0018938507419079542,
0.003651680890470743,
0.029655518010258675,
0.021589001640677452,
-0.09281465411186218,
-0.0075168185867369175,
0.07393057644367218,
0.0033930062782019377,
-0.015902159735560417,
0.03692295774817467,
-0.011291936971247196,
-0.056862879544496536,
-0.018472980707883835,
0.04750034585595131,
-0.032680898904800415,
0.0538174994289875,
-0.04719529673457146,
0.03171177953481674,
0.034442238509655,
0.01435135304927826,
0.0448606014251709,
-0.07409781217575073,
-0.20568102598190308,
-0.014759773388504982,
0.005146706011146307,
0.013500625267624855,
-0.04953426495194435,
-0.00523065822198987,
-0.010642527602612972,
-0.013594790361821651,
0.006993724964559078,
0.0021752279717475176,
0.056675441563129425,
0.02898017317056656,
0.013845837675035,
-0.07025952637195587,
0.03003988042473793,
0.003218480385839939,
0.028888795524835587,
-0.004621410742402077,
-0.022825079038739204,
0.03153005614876747,
-0.04458289220929146,
0.015784015879034996,
-0.022155677899718285,
-0.00625389302149415,
0.05952514708042145,
-0.010587251745164394,
0.02629244141280651,
0.03632119297981262,
0.006065329071134329,
-0.03244587406516075,
0.003994796425104141,
-0.0029017156921327114,
0.06744885444641113,
-0.060781534761190414,
0.008503233082592487,
0.06543020159006119,
0.012049634009599686,
-0.03698404133319855,
-0.06169380620121956,
0.029458926990628242,
-0.06405715644359589,
-0.08609584718942642,
0.007791393436491489,
-0.018289143219590187,
-0.03642125427722931,
-0.05125194415450096,
-0.04827926680445671,
0.017627928406000137,
-0.057549577206373215,
0.04046008363366127,
0.012329595163464546,
0.005130637437105179,
0.01458065677434206,
-0.014590196311473846,
-0.01141813863068819,
0.06336932629346848,
0.017613254487514496,
0.020960280671715736,
-0.06934063881635666,
0.0020266245119273663,
0.06997699290513992,
0.0015949573135003448,
-0.05765819177031517,
-0.0015557813458144665,
-0.04245872423052788,
-0.08169382810592651,
-0.0104090990498662,
0.01514095813035965,
0.00002369558387727011,
0.04687828943133354,
0.367358922958374,
-0.00486318813636899,
0.013522690162062645,
0.009552138857543468,
0.013059117831289768,
0.002014429308474064,
-0.019177764654159546,
-0.03268752992153168,
-0.0022339571733027697,
-0.037098824977874756,
0.08551764488220215,
0.004247613716870546,
0.008911638520658016,
0.010283137671649456,
0.01013787928968668,
-0.013415845111012459,
-0.011187865398824215,
0.004161586053669453,
-0.003071434563025832,
-0.03124234825372696,
0.021254796534776688,
-0.04808453842997551,
-0.005473590921610594,
0.024728482589125633,
-0.0429721474647522,
0.03537369892001152,
0.013251113705337048,
0.039789363741874695,
0.08347425609827042,
0.08751783519983292,
0.012940263375639915,
0.032287728041410446,
0.04686307534575462,
-0.003610011888667941,
0.01832009293138981,
-0.0032973468769341707,
0.028674902394413948,
0.05914832279086113,
-0.06077054515480995,
-0.017138218507170677,
-0.0003053986292798072,
0.004010403994470835,
-0.038824837654829025,
0.06411495804786682,
-0.03261267766356468,
0.0008324882364831865,
0.12328750640153885,
-0.020040955394506454,
0.08449406921863556,
-0.054809391498565674,
-0.032813362777233124,
0.008120822720229626,
0.07110615074634552,
-0.003657357068732381,
0.04701889306306839,
-0.0257739145308733,
-0.022121652960777283,
-0.06981998682022095,
0.02608584798872471,
-0.0014162242878228426,
0.0436391718685627,
-0.07654242217540741,
0.09872635453939438,
0.025341497734189034,
0.024243222549557686,
0.011305992491543293,
-0.044929102063179016,
-0.08311891555786133,
0.0010152526665478945,
-0.009569371119141579,
-0.009556862525641918,
-0.025738127529621124,
0.017757678404450417,
0.040436748415231705,
0.013853435404598713,
-0.017716823145747185,
0.040850479155778885,
-0.032457735389471054,
-0.05127905681729317,
0.03577497601509094,
0.010999188758432865,
0.048384688794612885,
-0.052442003041505814,
-0.03017820045351982,
0.006842853967100382,
0.03362751752138138,
-0.04294520989060402,
-0.0014718909515067935,
0.07501465827226639,
-0.04785327613353729,
0.06435883045196533,
-0.01143505796790123,
0.01319077517837286,
-0.08607658743858337,
0.0075271655805408955,
-0.031457848846912384,
-0.03554951399564743,
-0.020108390599489212,
-0.05997788533568382,
-0.010191325098276138,
-0.01769595965743065,
0.1308487355709076,
-0.024839574471116066,
0.007037913426756859,
0.051394518464803696,
0.004988171625882387,
-0.007533217314630747,
0.030131345614790916,
0.01900518871843815,
0.0563797764480114,
0.01012423262000084,
-0.053003761917352676,
-0.031478989869356155,
-0.007706725504249334,
0.024823667481541634,
-0.030739201232790947,
-0.02167467027902603,
0.003574216738343239,
-0.03530158847570419,
0.06482715159654617,
0.0221515204757452,
0.009255830198526382,
-0.10892291367053986,
-0.0711037889122963,
-0.3051983416080475,
-0.015538149513304234,
0.013742749579250813,
-0.06590612232685089,
0.04658094793558121,
-0.08004312217235565,
0.02716701850295067,
0.059490542858839035,
0.04126172512769699,
-0.029099250212311745,
0.02297191508114338,
-0.012453465722501278,
0.0018669315613806248,
-0.04094627872109413,
0.019649701192975044,
0.032266728579998016,
0.06695669889450073,
-0.04123448207974434,
0.04375424608588219,
-0.007598486263304949,
-0.024606356397271156,
0.023127499967813492,
-0.03981633856892586,
0.07171135395765305,
0.08880945295095444,
-0.018754398450255394,
0.12654754519462585,
0.028935013338923454,
0.025376923382282257,
-0.03317062556743622,
-0.04045503959059715,
0.06329994648694992,
0.01699485257267952,
-0.03387730196118355,
-0.009908814914524555,
0.006883597932755947,
0.012396221049129963,
-0.05804559215903282,
0.044528778642416,
-0.015600296668708324,
0.025374002754688263,
0.06373521685600281,
-0.01337161660194397,
-0.01393788680434227,
-0.05248921364545822,
0.010655684396624565,
-0.013793058693408966,
0.05289857089519501,
0.07331397384405136,
-0.004619962070137262,
-0.036128658801317215,
-0.0216958150267601,
0.05515778809785843,
0.040276993066072464,
0.014612667262554169,
-0.02237313985824585,
-0.008023198693990707,
-0.03146711364388466,
-0.04556689411401749,
0.03354468569159508,
-0.011017091572284698,
-0.011972824111580849,
-0.0033731169532984495,
-0.05708841606974602,
0.04808512330055237,
0.04032087326049805,
-0.0011636866256594658,
-0.023989947512745857,
0.08539633452892303,
-0.005349118262529373,
0.02922612801194191,
0.08688177168369293,
-0.04450938105583191,
0.011110167019069195,
-0.003316459944471717,
0.034176263958215714,
0.06403244286775589,
-0.03099164552986622,
-0.011516072787344456,
0.030774611979722977,
0.02670431137084961,
-0.08270949125289917,
0.0058676437474787235,
0.029053742066025734,
0.011296349577605724,
-0.06700880080461502,
0.04369674250483513,
-0.07513788342475891,
-0.005617768503725529,
-0.013437713496387005,
0.0006741962861269712,
-0.020104089751839638,
0.0044030966237187386,
-0.017617439851164818,
-0.02521211840212345,
0.054240480065345764,
-0.23246385157108307,
0.03384517878293991,
0.06690341979265213,
-0.0005774173769168556,
0.013919022865593433,
0.0914716124534607,
0.01196009386330843,
-0.030668184161186218,
0.014414547942578793,
0.016883501783013344,
-0.013199832290410995,
-0.006223929114639759,
0.06259926408529282,
0.04923107475042343,
-0.00525564095005393,
0.020786751061677933,
0.08756148815155029,
-0.018300645053386688,
0.02071290835738182,
-0.017374921590089798,
-0.04842660576105118,
-0.0322473868727684,
0.12305469065904617,
-0.03333441913127899,
-0.0491756796836853,
-0.035332854837179184,
-0.027042703703045845,
0.003971406724303961,
-0.048892464488744736,
0.07049127668142319,
0.018170088529586792,
0.06864889711141586,
0.018037892878055573,
-0.017400072887539864,
0.04027539864182472,
0.044510841369628906,
-0.008690129034221172,
-0.0414707250893116,
0.023813428357243538,
-0.012902526184916496,
-0.007136580068618059,
-0.038214061409235,
-0.09370217472314835,
-0.013508426956832409,
0.08185415714979172,
-0.09745468199253082,
-0.06850217282772064,
0.018681343644857407,
-0.029178036376833916,
0.0061909472569823265,
-0.06150677800178528,
-0.04942357912659645,
0.02706015855073929,
0.010014520958065987,
-0.027321554720401764,
-0.017875541001558304,
-0.022953949868679047,
-0.02282491698861122,
-0.07771631330251694,
-0.000015164753676799592,
0.03399302065372467,
-0.0744728147983551,
-0.0576777458190918,
0.056469183415174484,
0.039641574025154114
] |
PMID:6621 | Formation and isolation of leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | A toxic substance, which destroyed leucocytes from man but was inactive against erythrocytes, was demonstrated in cultures of four out of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested. The toxin, designated 'leucocidin', was cell-bound as a precursor toxin, exhibiting little or no toxicity. It was converted into toxin with maximum activity by various proteases including an endogenous elastase. The production of leucocidin was directly proportional to the number of bacteria and was not influenced by variations in media, iron concentration, pH or temperature. The best method for large-scale production of leucocidin was autolysis of washed bacteria. | Formation and isolation of leucocidin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A toxic substance, which destroyed leucocytes from man but was inactive against erythrocytes, was demonstrated in cultures of four out of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested. The toxin, designated 'leucocidin', was cell-bound as a precursor toxin, exhibiting little or no toxicity. It was converted into toxin with maximum activity by various proteases including an endogenous elastase. The production of leucocidin was directly proportional to the number of bacteria and was not influenced by variations in media, iron concentration, pH or temperature. The best method for large-scale production of leucocidin was autolysis of washed bacteria. | [
-0.05970541015267372,
-0.009911066852509975,
-0.04015107825398445,
0.044610947370529175,
0.027195559814572334,
-0.04263981431722641,
0.07052989304065704,
0.06450890749692917,
-0.07666903734207153,
0.01839842088520527,
0.021897166967391968,
-0.01675042323768139,
-0.01249446626752615,
0.028890375047922134,
-0.05092648044228554,
-0.02157578617334366,
-0.005392115097492933,
0.034065745770931244,
-0.028445884585380554,
-0.03592156991362572,
0.013676811940968037,
0.0010482451179996133,
0.05211063101887703,
0.011885655112564564,
0.07388392090797424,
0.02652120031416416,
-0.028994407504796982,
0.05302644148468971,
-0.06507273018360138,
-0.16978488862514496,
-0.03292669355869293,
-0.040666479617357254,
0.017765088006854057,
-0.058296214789152145,
0.0010072197765111923,
-0.010731100104749203,
-0.00624515675008297,
-0.007797627244144678,
-0.02451823651790619,
0.03611684590578079,
0.008096098899841309,
0.04616361856460571,
0.07471394538879395,
0.0027145640924572945,
0.010667307302355766,
0.03364201635122299,
0.008656098507344723,
0.03414946049451828,
0.12980657815933228,
-0.015167542733252048,
0.020015360787510872,
0.009880590252578259,
-0.0048001715913414955,
0.02380508929491043,
0.005334454122930765,
-0.09456204622983932,
-0.05044689401984215,
0.015533885918557644,
-0.045898374170064926,
0.054260920733213425,
0.010568137280642986,
-0.011140645481646061,
-0.09383280575275421,
0.03545999899506569,
-0.0033447754103690386,
0.0208071768283844,
-0.01983451098203659,
0.01820291206240654,
0.09184566885232925,
0.049259886145591736,
-0.062456198036670685,
0.054562825709581375,
0.02325960248708725,
0.014746329747140408,
0.01099665928632021,
0.053609494119882584,
-0.009674721397459507,
-0.02702590636909008,
-0.001272388268262148,
0.03805132582783699,
0.03276621177792549,
0.02818503975868225,
0.03809305652976036,
-0.02239576354622841,
0.007061282638460398,
0.0008787578553892672,
0.020727097988128662,
0.023610755801200867,
0.022757885977625847,
0.02476758509874344,
0.012669367715716362,
-0.01326103787869215,
0.03228587657213211,
-0.013806577771902084,
-0.042571406811475754,
-0.016241222620010376,
0.000892048585228622,
0.02721838653087616,
0.005892470944672823,
0.40184569358825684,
-0.04928938299417496,
-0.10355407744646072,
-0.05832396447658539,
0.011652370914816856,
0.001568463514558971,
0.0070903245359659195,
0.02810385636985302,
0.01357898861169815,
0.004848156590014696,
0.01749887503683567,
0.02286754734814167,
-0.006549632176756859,
-0.0087041100487113,
-0.038452960550785065,
0.036239322274923325,
0.0115398820489645,
0.052304163575172424,
-0.025192689150571823,
-0.04039933159947395,
0.0390014611184597,
-0.008068285882472992,
-0.04386479780077934,
0.01665005274116993,
-0.007802166044712067,
0.049142010509967804,
0.012475727126002312,
0.01540448423475027,
0.09321103245019913,
0.05286327004432678,
-0.019595082849264145,
0.029027091339230537,
-0.001546463230624795,
-0.0015336860669776797,
-0.0004781976458616555,
0.016849111765623093,
-0.007235520053654909,
-0.0407690554857254,
-0.0019033357966691256,
-0.012968146242201328,
-0.011679768562316895,
-0.010827583260834217,
-0.009813150390982628,
-0.06449071317911148,
-0.09034881740808487,
-0.04003036767244339,
0.015231972560286522,
0.017388341948390007,
-0.000014543800716637634,
-0.022014955058693886,
-0.013595068827271461,
-0.04206402599811554,
0.06325169652700424,
-0.009734629653394222,
0.03524026274681091,
0.0339379720389843,
-0.003788829781115055,
-0.014945819973945618,
-0.0174816083163023,
0.011568288318812847,
-0.023478135466575623,
-0.08586297929286957,
0.0013739637797698379,
0.0343211367726326,
0.09690689295530319,
0.001422518165782094,
-0.0002189831284340471,
-0.023500466719269753,
0.043812718242406845,
0.033258259296417236,
0.0029324148781597614,
-0.00726366089656949,
-0.050567906349897385,
-0.030349450185894966,
0.017912739887833595,
-0.06803896278142929,
0.05801147595047951,
-0.012635189108550549,
0.04937171936035156,
0.024125445634126663,
0.06705565750598907,
0.047186583280563354,
-0.005286107771098614,
-0.044764500111341476,
0.018525443971157074,
-0.006339407060295343,
-0.05775586888194084,
-0.01819811388850212,
0.03530051186680794,
0.018185820430517197,
0.02204839512705803,
-0.07138881087303162,
0.011887842789292336,
-0.042193640023469925,
0.022709151729941368,
-0.019610583782196045,
-0.02336602471768856,
-0.024196958169341087,
-0.006336346734315157,
0.016448186710476875,
0.023646965622901917,
0.037406016141176224,
0.043124761432409286,
0.017353935167193413,
-0.0283510722219944,
-0.030749378725886345,
-0.00032478568027727306,
0.056465428322553635,
0.023323725908994675,
-0.011298147961497307,
0.003890430321916938,
-0.06080266460776329,
-0.008394247852265835,
-0.03171776980161667,
-0.02066900208592415,
-0.06390772759914398,
0.029073454439640045,
-0.061612606048583984,
-0.053955599665641785,
0.05293874070048332,
-0.032277997583150864,
-0.0021324153058230877,
-0.027241136878728867,
-0.028604265302419662,
-0.3139685094356537,
0.01830756478011608,
0.018355701118707657,
-0.0718599483370781,
0.061717063188552856,
-0.00615761848166585,
-0.029655687510967255,
-0.0569121316075325,
0.008666553534567356,
-0.03394089639186859,
0.06694120168685913,
0.048978425562381744,
-0.07977081835269928,
-0.03633836284279823,
0.0012395675294101238,
0.05575476586818695,
-0.0026044382248073816,
-0.051782798022031784,
0.02341274358332157,
0.024959618225693703,
-0.01781369373202324,
-0.037266865372657776,
0.03759680688381195,
0.033761218190193176,
0.005664765369147062,
-0.023753860965371132,
0.13312730193138123,
-0.01601460576057434,
-0.01021001860499382,
-0.0027613090351223946,
0.02515263296663761,
0.07866369187831879,
-0.09132152795791626,
-0.06505870819091797,
-0.059425804764032364,
-0.005884472746402025,
0.04551280662417412,
-0.057661741971969604,
0.02511093206703663,
0.0027806470170617104,
-0.014824824407696724,
-0.03231694549322128,
-0.012892739847302437,
-0.09710505604743958,
-0.012113971635699272,
-0.0318334586918354,
-0.009265280328691006,
0.070070780813694,
0.011164426803588867,
0.056816183030605316,
0.03295082598924637,
-0.03000364452600479,
0.05947213992476463,
0.03195030987262726,
-0.017535055056214333,
0.045199744403362274,
-0.05943294242024422,
-0.004172838758677244,
-0.07393975555896759,
-0.004694737493991852,
-0.01022627018392086,
0.015032978728413582,
-0.040057647973299026,
0.010003515519201756,
-0.027131250128149986,
0.03894684463739395,
0.015057068318128586,
-0.00423729931935668,
0.07870177179574966,
0.027177566662430763,
0.02375742793083191,
0.1395055055618286,
0.03120301105082035,
-0.020201651379466057,
-0.014423823915421963,
0.025031378492712975,
-0.02458092011511326,
-0.09815914928913116,
-0.0930861309170723,
-0.005486020818352699,
0.004392432514578104,
-0.03190022334456444,
0.09934519231319427,
0.03184879943728447,
-0.01385799515992403,
0.05662446841597557,
-0.052231449633836746,
0.027241026982665062,
0.032518211752176285,
0.04517887160181999,
-0.012577923946082592,
0.07124262303113937,
-0.03438946604728699,
-0.03130682557821274,
-0.0008133858791552484,
-0.03718316927552223,
-0.23817747831344604,
-0.004228998441249132,
0.06658151000738144,
0.035711854696273804,
0.005490611307322979,
0.03071925975382328,
0.04682258889079094,
-0.04147084429860115,
-0.023545388132333755,
0.043394558131694794,
0.012904671020805836,
-0.02789638377726078,
0.0746714174747467,
-0.01704791933298111,
-0.022098366171121597,
0.05105799809098244,
0.002752174623310566,
-0.004119264427572489,
-0.024855639785528183,
0.013983465731143951,
0.0071583278477191925,
-0.03906937688589096,
0.12310730665922165,
-0.07813015580177307,
-0.029721323400735855,
0.08362141251564026,
0.001320109935477376,
0.03969801962375641,
-0.03839268907904625,
0.010837829671800137,
0.06934086978435516,
0.06187763437628746,
0.03848743811249733,
-0.10211868584156036,
0.007677121553570032,
-0.0024538859724998474,
-0.00038884664536453784,
-0.0032631419599056244,
-0.047498613595962524,
-0.013407105579972267,
-0.0679221823811531,
-0.0326872244477272,
-0.030065065249800682,
-0.031267598271369934,
0.04543604701757431,
0.021706821396946907,
0.04416915774345398,
-0.09272266179323196,
-0.0015016853576526046,
-0.024389740079641342,
-0.10102979838848114,
-0.007933372631669044,
0.06434506922960281,
0.048591289669275284,
0.004961246158927679,
-0.025260772556066513,
-0.03464711830019951,
-0.02474048174917698,
-0.02229445055127144,
0.005886010359972715,
0.020251112058758736,
-0.018661227077245712,
-0.03134700283408165,
0.06660529971122742,
0.024610664695501328
] |
PMID:6622 | The production and growth characteristics of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans in continuous culture. | The growth characteristics of Candida albicans CM145,348 have been examined under aerobic conditions in continuous culture. At different steady states the environment was controlled with respect to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, the pH, and the temperature. Dry matter, substrate concentration, yield, specific oxygen uptake, specific carbon dioxide release and respiration quotient were examined as a function of the dilution rate. The morphology depended on the carbon source. Maltose produced a mycelial morphology, whereas with lactate a yeast culture was obtained. With fructose or glucose as a carbon source a mixed morphology of yeast, pseudo-mycelial and mycelial forms was produced. A larger number of different growth conditions were examined in batch culture but a mixed morphology was always obtained. | The production and growth characteristics of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans in continuous culture. The growth characteristics of Candida albicans CM145,348 have been examined under aerobic conditions in continuous culture. At different steady states the environment was controlled with respect to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, the pH, and the temperature. Dry matter, substrate concentration, yield, specific oxygen uptake, specific carbon dioxide release and respiration quotient were examined as a function of the dilution rate. The morphology depended on the carbon source. Maltose produced a mycelial morphology, whereas with lactate a yeast culture was obtained. With fructose or glucose as a carbon source a mixed morphology of yeast, pseudo-mycelial and mycelial forms was produced. A larger number of different growth conditions were examined in batch culture but a mixed morphology was always obtained. | [
0.0074962470680475235,
0.020672466605901718,
0.030773164704442024,
0.046265389770269394,
0.0038750329986214638,
0.028393328189849854,
-0.035460587590932846,
0.035239990800619125,
-0.0567241869866848,
0.014495015144348145,
0.00021952291717752814,
-0.0620775930583477,
-0.004216399509459734,
0.022103970870375633,
-0.020642323419451714,
0.002982294885441661,
0.029031788930296898,
-0.0040321857668459415,
-0.05196253955364227,
-0.0042728278785943985,
0.051835428923368454,
-0.013647428713738918,
-0.01214009989053011,
-0.007452868390828371,
0.029387176036834717,
0.025361988693475723,
-0.026442965492606163,
0.015231966972351074,
-0.031147219240665436,
-0.1996467262506485,
-0.013039197772741318,
0.027671825140714645,
0.04783407226204872,
-0.03211430460214615,
0.012413355521857738,
0.018065383657813072,
-0.004390896297991276,
-0.042217329144477844,
-0.012412657961249352,
0.10946594923734665,
0.04867669567465782,
0.03490824997425079,
0.011798455379903316,
-0.03789175674319267,
-0.008640957996249199,
-0.05197025090456009,
0.007367367390543222,
0.07549013942480087,
0.05951299890875816,
0.013108900748193264,
0.0005732267745770514,
-0.06964107602834702,
0.04384034499526024,
0.033639922738075256,
-0.03240855410695076,
-0.0381581149995327,
0.028261378407478333,
-0.016723649576306343,
0.014469021931290627,
0.0011104613076895475,
0.021760839968919754,
-0.030147479847073555,
-0.1057276576757431,
0.02915254607796669,
-0.031430114060640335,
0.002656458644196391,
-0.08208557963371277,
-0.032455120235681534,
0.02399219013750553,
0.04082274064421654,
-0.07128182053565979,
0.052161771804094315,
0.06913688778877258,
0.06603728979825974,
0.011748699471354485,
-0.03217438980937004,
-0.02752549573779106,
-0.01838003285229206,
-0.006591957528144121,
0.029519101604819298,
-0.042119741439819336,
0.04194469004869461,
-0.05483929440379143,
-0.009954124689102173,
-0.052904658019542694,
0.033584192395210266,
0.026699645444750786,
-0.001912188483402133,
0.009850917384028435,
0.010339978151023388,
0.003005851525813341,
-0.020751481875777245,
-0.06319364905357361,
0.01244500931352377,
-0.06598415970802307,
0.0068155499175190926,
0.016713669523596764,
0.028162160888314247,
0.01850888878107071,
0.41005459427833557,
-0.02121857739984989,
-0.054032184183597565,
0.042928535491228104,
0.0009124610223807395,
-0.03824765607714653,
0.005907508544623852,
0.00867445021867752,
0.0081492830067873,
0.040544819086790085,
0.034133270382881165,
0.011565502732992172,
-0.050705913454294205,
-0.031819723546504974,
0.004408775828778744,
-0.05234728008508682,
-0.020020537078380585,
0.06797990947961807,
-0.015464712865650654,
-0.04689841717481613,
-0.015564790926873684,
0.009067483246326447,
0.01370992511510849,
0.018127357587218285,
-0.03721066564321518,
0.04751420021057129,
-0.00007770622323732823,
-0.004330693278461695,
0.06357339769601822,
0.01894536241889,
-0.003325026948004961,
0.052935317158699036,
0.03611515089869499,
0.01595340110361576,
-0.014228878542780876,
-0.009185000322759151,
-0.05635969340801239,
0.055468618869781494,
-0.022772319614887238,
0.017653154209256172,
-0.003594907931983471,
-0.03875776380300522,
-0.012072884477674961,
-0.012013127095997334,
-0.07249784469604492,
-0.05204647779464722,
0.0968041718006134,
-0.024436362087726593,
0.06170444190502167,
0.008296508342027664,
0.004060716368257999,
-0.013675546273589134,
0.06522925198078156,
0.03085489198565483,
0.02223568968474865,
0.034410037100315094,
0.014998252503573895,
-0.024252906441688538,
-0.007887265644967556,
0.04372544586658478,
-0.01201603002846241,
-0.0747414231300354,
0.022480767220258713,
0.020919671282172203,
0.1530095636844635,
0.02644171193242073,
-0.020615924149751663,
-0.05467360094189644,
0.001891533611342311,
0.05712862312793732,
0.002856828738003969,
0.04444632679224014,
-0.004613418132066727,
0.02882857620716095,
0.001538353506475687,
-0.021643253043293953,
0.019401879981160164,
-0.06154252961277962,
0.016653137281537056,
0.051561351865530014,
0.057276759296655655,
0.09482931345701218,
0.06005827710032463,
-0.0075767673552036285,
0.01690211147069931,
0.04152201488614082,
-0.01827378012239933,
-0.03176921233534813,
0.006716001313179731,
-0.00011991809878963977,
0.050041165202856064,
-0.03206336125731468,
-0.01476508192718029,
-0.06510178744792938,
0.03116576187312603,
0.03628971427679062,
-0.018063897266983986,
0.01252537127584219,
-0.02784613147377968,
-0.0222637876868248,
0.032923825085163116,
0.03219226002693176,
0.04574289917945862,
0.011075050570070744,
-0.00540583673864603,
0.05197730287909508,
0.011076662689447403,
0.028219912201166153,
0.015451684594154358,
0.0373794250190258,
0.00788637064397335,
-0.08866667002439499,
-0.0661066398024559,
-0.09634771943092346,
-0.02409273013472557,
-0.03477327525615692,
0.04836505651473999,
0.018535727635025978,
-0.02545040287077427,
0.02818688191473484,
0.0010792030952870846,
0.03936632722616196,
-0.013308894820511341,
-0.025131823495030403,
-0.31120753288269043,
0.035663820803165436,
-0.02072499506175518,
0.004866499919444323,
0.020374376326799393,
-0.03552987799048424,
-0.00006929841765668243,
-0.03870733454823494,
0.030540520325303078,
-0.052732765674591064,
0.059472814202308655,
-0.0030760113149881363,
-0.03037329763174057,
-0.035681743174791336,
-0.02859826572239399,
0.001954480307176709,
0.008206389844417572,
-0.055529627948999405,
0.00843017641454935,
0.01143327634781599,
0.03003665618598461,
-0.034064050763845444,
0.09899947792291641,
-0.04103265330195427,
0.03607652336359024,
-0.055235762149095535,
0.07004079967737198,
-0.05640501528978348,
0.03868461772799492,
-0.05212096869945526,
0.036455437541007996,
0.040816400200128555,
-0.013130255974829197,
-0.08192874491214752,
-0.023396212607622147,
-0.042720891535282135,
0.03277190029621124,
-0.03583696112036705,
-0.01900610513985157,
0.01180181372910738,
-0.01877722702920437,
-0.022494202479720116,
-0.04306313022971153,
-0.026979666203260422,
0.03484285622835159,
-0.04555712640285492,
0.018332267180085182,
0.021307315677404404,
-0.03318614140152931,
-0.06960296630859375,
0.02000395767390728,
0.013768196105957031,
0.06786763668060303,
-0.03082408756017685,
0.0536423958837986,
-0.017049076035618782,
-0.03204042464494705,
0.01874558813869953,
-0.032375968992710114,
0.021694205701351166,
-0.03504342958331108,
-0.027030091732740402,
-0.0321105532348156,
0.01655215583741665,
-0.011852540075778961,
-0.010365481488406658,
-0.06209849938750267,
-0.02909453585743904,
0.020728889852762222,
-0.03093099221587181,
0.03235877305269241,
0.07519584894180298,
-0.007055135443806648,
-0.011622965335845947,
0.060890525579452515,
0.010080300271511078,
-0.01282267365604639,
-0.036984458565711975,
-0.060922082513570786,
0.00849982537329197,
-0.006069395691156387,
-0.039234042167663574,
0.07961264252662659,
0.03575574606657028,
0.03320207819342613,
0.039794206619262695,
0.002992690308019519,
0.007694342639297247,
0.022736497223377228,
-0.0032358889002352953,
0.026356615126132965,
0.016547249630093575,
-0.030501943081617355,
-0.04701988026499748,
0.04640249162912369,
0.03742202743887901,
-0.2804880142211914,
-0.013758843764662743,
0.012147239409387112,
0.07376634329557419,
-0.012901739217340946,
0.00937605556100607,
0.016686121001839638,
-0.011070461012423038,
0.047867294400930405,
-0.0019674538634717464,
0.05414453521370888,
-0.0012307488359510899,
0.07767347246408463,
0.05068311467766762,
0.05549974739551544,
0.017318401485681534,
0.00662538455799222,
-0.08962517231702805,
0.04485531896352768,
-0.03117235191166401,
0.046891145408153534,
-0.02652585320174694,
0.10600738972425461,
-0.019330166280269623,
-0.05607179179787636,
0.029358290135860443,
-0.018242714926600456,
0.08743233233690262,
-0.031152954325079918,
0.034873221069574356,
0.03286931663751602,
0.04950467497110367,
0.10953129827976227,
0.031103186309337616,
0.0030266752000898123,
0.05476907268166542,
0.03304286673665047,
-0.0007463536458089948,
-0.00123946915846318,
-0.02555086463689804,
-0.015377811156213284,
-0.06070118397474289,
-0.09986992925405502,
-0.04583301395177841,
0.009677349589765072,
-0.07755497843027115,
0.0037886088248342276,
-0.07020452618598938,
-0.030361806973814964,
0.0123934056609869,
-0.10198405385017395,
-0.0536639541387558,
-0.0030122653115540743,
0.03885333985090256,
-0.04966383054852486,
0.009411356411874294,
-0.04186110198497772,
-0.03766946122050285,
-0.020615724846720695,
0.003563616191968322,
0.024463186040520668,
-0.040433093905448914,
-0.042019784450531006,
0.04285963997244835,
-0.0760626271367073
] |
PMID:6623 | The effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. When growth is nitrogen-limited, catabolite repression by succinate of histidase and urocanase synthesis does not occur but succinate repression of amidase synthesis persists. Amidase synthesis is not regulated in the same way as histidase synthesis by the availability of other nitrogen compounds for growth. Growth of P. aeruginosa strain PACI in succinate + histidine media is nitrogen-limited since this strain is defective in a histidine transport system. When methyl-ammonium chloride is added to succinate + histidine media, growth inhibition occurs. Mutants isolated from succinate + histidine + methylammonium chloride plates were found to be resistant to catabolite repression by succinate even in ammonium salts media. It is suggested that the hut genes of P. aeruginosa may be regulated in the same way as in Klebsiella aerogenes, by induction by urocanate and activation by either the cyclic AMP-dependent activator protein or by glutamine synthetase. | The effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. When growth is nitrogen-limited, catabolite repression by succinate of histidase and urocanase synthesis does not occur but succinate repression of amidase synthesis persists. Amidase synthesis is not regulated in the same way as histidase synthesis by the availability of other nitrogen compounds for growth. Growth of P. aeruginosa strain PACI in succinate + histidine media is nitrogen-limited since this strain is defective in a histidine transport system. When methyl-ammonium chloride is added to succinate + histidine media, growth inhibition occurs. Mutants isolated from succinate + histidine + methylammonium chloride plates were found to be resistant to catabolite repression by succinate even in ammonium salts media. It is suggested that the hut genes of P. aeruginosa may be regulated in the same way as in Klebsiella aerogenes, by induction by urocanate and activation by either the cyclic AMP-dependent activator protein or by glutamine synthetase. | [
-0.06056327372789383,
-0.013664595782756805,
-0.03750284016132355,
0.02558956667780876,
0.005634993780404329,
-0.012764541432261467,
-0.013626760803163052,
0.01378113403916359,
-0.047897275537252426,
0.03429894894361496,
0.017218351364135742,
-0.09414621442556381,
0.05100790411233902,
0.032757967710494995,
0.0645039826631546,
-0.04858029633760452,
-0.08585246652364731,
0.04029347002506256,
-0.06069708615541458,
-0.005906650796532631,
0.0312783345580101,
0.030433569103479385,
0.018966007977724075,
-0.021036311984062195,
0.04250110685825348,
0.005296541843563318,
-0.01235236320644617,
0.0276995487511158,
-0.01950540952384472,
-0.22957223653793335,
0.007064210716634989,
-0.013329699635505676,
0.046892695128917694,
-0.07221188396215439,
0.009951354935765266,
0.044227924197912216,
-0.03600694239139557,
-0.012791500426828861,
-0.0332401804625988,
0.04079463332891464,
0.030758850276470184,
0.040578462183475494,
0.007176932413130999,
-0.01765371486544609,
-0.014905358664691448,
0.004735177848488092,
0.018120497465133667,
0.007945290766656399,
0.09185963869094849,
-0.04625401645898819,
-0.031781721860170364,
0.019052233546972275,
-0.035891078412532806,
0.0070442999713122845,
0.023052934557199478,
-0.05210962891578674,
0.026579467579722404,
0.061116185039281845,
-0.03729728236794472,
0.011589709669351578,
0.03470425307750702,
0.014021012932062149,
-0.16020095348358154,
0.027633540332317352,
0.033355530351400375,
-0.04061615839600563,
-0.027196498587727547,
-0.022480037063360214,
0.05401891842484474,
0.050806764513254166,
-0.07318704575300217,
0.00981429498642683,
-0.052784815430641174,
0.030334120616316795,
0.03745660185813904,
-0.002131677232682705,
0.02068505994975567,
0.05238093063235283,
0.053509850054979324,
0.04023079574108124,
-0.023042574524879456,
0.005303004290908575,
-0.009878545068204403,
0.01902245543897152,
-0.018703380599617958,
-0.006290093995630741,
0.047722917050123215,
-0.020432472229003906,
0.008385318331420422,
0.06245005130767822,
-0.04771857336163521,
-0.06531146913766861,
0.031115122139453888,
-0.045781075954437256,
-0.05628738924860954,
0.006395846605300903,
0.018092213198542595,
-0.015776704996824265,
-0.03829419985413551,
0.3832685053348541,
-0.011219793930649757,
-0.02886691316962242,
-0.04168017581105232,
0.02304166555404663,
-0.04304159805178642,
-0.010613534599542618,
-0.01921851560473442,
-0.0012163829524070024,
0.020647341385483742,
0.030714483931660652,
0.0753653347492218,
-0.02397838979959488,
0.0038482113741338253,
-0.047114115208387375,
-0.023809729143977165,
0.021574577316641808,
0.10762321203947067,
0.00739669892936945,
-0.06508287042379379,
0.023705702275037766,
0.007264175917953253,
-0.014338253997266293,
0.03542857617139816,
-0.019274961203336716,
0.00011983917647739872,
0.002633861033245921,
-0.09220442920923233,
0.08099477738142014,
0.03528190404176712,
-0.049988195300102234,
0.01551739126443863,
0.061022914946079254,
-0.002458742121234536,
-0.015574226155877113,
-0.04702339693903923,
-0.0497920922935009,
0.05086708441376686,
-0.0764336958527565,
-0.004641758278012276,
-0.01837959513068199,
-0.057605672627687454,
-0.014029063284397125,
-0.05114119127392769,
-0.056308817118406296,
-0.048483189195394516,
0.09784965217113495,
-0.004363099578768015,
0.053483590483665466,
-0.04191257059574127,
-0.05440927669405937,
-0.02514725737273693,
0.09373418241739273,
-0.050040703266859055,
-0.01697447896003723,
0.011975727044045925,
0.030339311808347702,
-0.016663050279021263,
-0.009056208655238152,
0.05879146233201027,
0.03083789348602295,
-0.11769817024469376,
0.006812721490859985,
-0.010008027777075768,
0.039058491587638855,
-0.0021247791592031717,
-0.0037461924366652966,
-0.026710204780101776,
0.003137000137940049,
0.03567647933959961,
-0.009791234508156776,
-0.003665708936750889,
0.02219357155263424,
0.0033464187290519476,
0.004011138342320919,
-0.005230528302490711,
0.028756383806467056,
0.014620082452893257,
0.05856747552752495,
-0.004824202507734299,
0.030634162947535515,
0.01755269430577755,
-0.01873788796365261,
-0.028892289847135544,
-0.00972999632358551,
0.017301268875598907,
-0.02214977890253067,
-0.006367209833115339,
0.03716142475605011,
0.032629840075969696,
0.004515834618359804,
-0.010331702418625355,
0.03258040174841881,
-0.11288601160049438,
0.06818164885044098,
-0.007509903516620398,
-0.04597877711057663,
0.00777269434183836,
0.10447321087121964,
0.03753295913338661,
-0.00797292124480009,
0.07610522210597992,
0.06523356586694717,
-0.0080307237803936,
-0.007360995747148991,
-0.021666504442691803,
-0.04215363413095474,
-0.001712877070531249,
0.03880411759018898,
0.03312793746590614,
-0.03688015043735504,
-0.04597033932805061,
-0.012134584598243237,
-0.07402417808771133,
0.016706809401512146,
-0.052330225706100464,
0.03334497660398483,
0.00014027892029844224,
0.024854626506567,
0.07615023106336594,
0.01866639032959938,
0.0647256076335907,
0.012698178179562092,
-0.050628483295440674,
-0.31054508686065674,
-0.006856165826320648,
-0.017398247495293617,
-0.036611031740903854,
0.07722257822751999,
-0.022038817405700684,
0.004752069711685181,
-0.024334950372576714,
-0.013309035450220108,
-0.05677702650427818,
0.007557100150734186,
0.05960242077708244,
-0.04170626774430275,
-0.015713321045041084,
0.014487535692751408,
-0.006609141826629639,
0.022267501801252365,
-0.003114174585789442,
0.02182605303823948,
0.025150340050458908,
0.0019328109920024872,
-0.013852834701538086,
0.012495937757194042,
0.010988075286149979,
-0.0005674623535014689,
-0.009780642576515675,
0.09560762345790863,
-0.028520388528704643,
0.07568937540054321,
-0.025084003806114197,
0.036322589963674545,
0.031806670129299164,
-0.05962260812520981,
-0.11043526977300644,
-0.03967626020312309,
0.004237078130245209,
-0.04324359446763992,
-0.03974926844239235,
0.004512423183768988,
-0.028562255203723907,
0.00402106624096632,
0.016449447721242905,
0.016668185591697693,
-0.027376847341656685,
-0.01006788108497858,
-0.05193650722503662,
-0.0037010640371590853,
0.06954017281532288,
0.06701811403036118,
-0.01891486346721649,
-0.0012170578120276332,
0.023127732798457146,
0.029893798753619194,
0.00016004806093405932,
-0.029130224138498306,
-0.003024536417797208,
-0.030002618208527565,
0.02187824808061123,
0.025585325434803963,
0.05606504902243614,
-0.05132419988512993,
0.0028366087935864925,
0.009475705213844776,
0.019375933334231377,
-0.02489697001874447,
-0.008650913834571838,
-0.05573859438300133,
0.0028048076201230288,
0.02898957021534443,
0.02460353821516037,
-0.01040332205593586,
0.10659602284431458,
-0.048564206808805466,
0.019884319975972176,
0.031130757182836533,
0.050247613340616226,
-0.009165989235043526,
-0.04994950816035271,
-0.06906938552856445,
-0.02153775654733181,
-0.013398600742220879,
-0.010434427298605442,
0.07976388186216354,
0.001197581528685987,
-0.0015025025932118297,
0.05130748078227043,
0.001435910235159099,
-0.00323094567283988,
0.04150202125310898,
0.00695357471704483,
0.031474769115448,
0.030619347468018532,
-0.005446626339107752,
-0.01008886843919754,
0.049157436937093735,
-0.05240143463015556,
-0.253971129655838,
0.009333436377346516,
0.024419598281383514,
-0.020810779184103012,
-0.023607851937413216,
0.02224613167345524,
0.04659440740942955,
-0.028518108651041985,
-0.04415002837777138,
0.03391687572002411,
0.051958996802568436,
-0.011804334819316864,
0.05133160203695297,
0.06439923495054245,
-0.018875258043408394,
0.031092699617147446,
0.030371613800525665,
-0.011035798117518425,
0.06520172953605652,
-0.0499790757894516,
-0.0018973208498209715,
-0.041617028415203094,
0.15997949242591858,
-0.014695409685373306,
0.0025498964823782444,
0.02380741946399212,
-0.0353536456823349,
0.014070488512516022,
-0.017586790025234222,
0.023422114551067352,
0.02156105451285839,
0.05838797986507416,
0.08976143598556519,
-0.02522212825715542,
0.011941579170525074,
0.0148468017578125,
-0.023110581561923027,
0.02816237136721611,
-0.017988109961152077,
0.019883498549461365,
-0.005152506288141012,
-0.019093556329607964,
-0.042083147913217545,
-0.015990160405635834,
0.031823188066482544,
-0.049919769167900085,
-0.00924699567258358,
-0.04671517387032509,
-0.0031874552369117737,
0.017776919528841972,
0.010854499414563179,
-0.007084554526954889,
0.06421050429344177,
-0.023508911952376366,
0.035167232155799866,
-0.032621223479509354,
-0.07543677091598511,
-0.07969021797180176,
-0.051514387130737305,
0.029290562495589256,
0.020801031962037086,
-0.01009429432451725,
-0.06413598358631134,
0.06270737200975418,
0.0722251757979393
] |
PMID:6624 | Decreased permeability as a mechanism of resistance to methyl benzimadazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) in Sporobolomyces roseus. | Mutants of Sporobolomyces roseus resistant to benzimidazole fungicides varied in their responses to 2-(thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole, TBZ), methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (benomyl) and methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (carbendazim, MCB). Incorporation of [14C] MBC into trichloroacetic acid extracts of the sensitive strain S4 increased during a 2 h incubation period, whereas incorporation into the resistant mutant M55 was unchanged. [14C] MBC uptake by S4 cells was five times higher than that by M55. MBC was identified as the main radioactive compound inside the S4 cells and reached a level of 2.4 mug/100 mg dry wt. The compound MBC enters the cells of Sp. roseus by a temperature-, energy-, pH- and concentration-dependent transport system which may be specific for compounds containing a benzimidazole nucleus. It is suggested that tolerance of M55 to MBC is due to decreased permeability of the cell to this compound. | Decreased permeability as a mechanism of resistance to methyl benzimadazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) in Sporobolomyces roseus. Mutants of Sporobolomyces roseus resistant to benzimidazole fungicides varied in their responses to 2-(thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole, TBZ), methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (benomyl) and methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (carbendazim, MCB). Incorporation of [14C] MBC into trichloroacetic acid extracts of the sensitive strain S4 increased during a 2 h incubation period, whereas incorporation into the resistant mutant M55 was unchanged. [14C] MBC uptake by S4 cells was five times higher than that by M55. MBC was identified as the main radioactive compound inside the S4 cells and reached a level of 2.4 mug/100 mg dry wt. The compound MBC enters the cells of Sp. roseus by a temperature-, energy-, pH- and concentration-dependent transport system which may be specific for compounds containing a benzimidazole nucleus. It is suggested that tolerance of M55 to MBC is due to decreased permeability of the cell to this compound. | [
-0.06662313640117645,
-0.02426028624176979,
-0.02479909546673298,
0.027720587328076363,
0.02244572527706623,
-0.04393874481320381,
0.022003574296832085,
0.03768450766801834,
-0.0964822769165039,
0.002094844589009881,
-0.012556971050798893,
-0.07290442287921906,
0.028397252783179283,
-0.01968105509877205,
0.05142810940742493,
0.026177816092967987,
-0.018295520916581154,
0.01783137023448944,
-0.015479753725230694,
0.010006704367697239,
-0.05607426166534424,
0.003958855289965868,
0.01862155646085739,
-0.004664324689656496,
0.01848110742866993,
0.007429704535752535,
0.05896114557981491,
0.04291845113039017,
-0.05334046483039856,
-0.23337073624134064,
0.07518710196018219,
-0.015373066067695618,
-0.012660929933190346,
-0.058075278997421265,
0.019566914066672325,
-0.0018680945504456758,
0.005276923067867756,
-0.040408991277217865,
-0.041457172483205795,
0.02619057707488537,
0.02681627869606018,
0.07996632903814316,
0.04017486050724983,
0.010092358104884624,
-0.004259234759956598,
-0.0036669231485575438,
0.02458510734140873,
0.06275063008069992,
0.11119115352630615,
-0.011586287058889866,
-0.02664460614323616,
-0.0022917306050658226,
0.04377412423491478,
0.022096574306488037,
-0.05113093554973602,
-0.04736750200390816,
0.02365359477698803,
-0.024837331846356392,
-0.02512030303478241,
0.028831297531723976,
0.06538032740354538,
-0.003148965071886778,
-0.09826318174600601,
0.016911160200834274,
0.03386946767568588,
0.01839626580476761,
0.028939103707671165,
-0.08599989116191864,
0.028162743896245956,
0.05732144042849541,
-0.04204731807112694,
-0.0022788364440202713,
-0.015887781977653503,
0.014634612016379833,
0.06515249609947205,
-0.03535035625100136,
-0.011577369645237923,
-0.031118640676140785,
0.024445511400699615,
-0.0234299935400486,
-0.029436923563480377,
-0.007085663266479969,
-0.02618628926575184,
-0.05511557310819626,
-0.04366472736001015,
-0.04229455813765526,
0.013189801946282387,
-0.08580717444419861,
0.007138216868042946,
0.0690746158361435,
0.004105387721210718,
-0.029008857905864716,
-0.042061105370521545,
-0.009442455135285854,
-0.09327621012926102,
0.03221161663532257,
-0.005740376189351082,
0.025515880435705185,
-0.008642153814435005,
0.34319090843200684,
-0.004537201952189207,
0.034063711762428284,
-0.06210106238722801,
0.020924055948853493,
-0.03943439573049545,
0.011131598614156246,
0.014055093750357628,
0.0013807184295728803,
0.049809761345386505,
0.05650152266025543,
0.027827981859445572,
-0.07055915892124176,
0.06330345571041107,
-0.02269301936030388,
-0.0207732692360878,
-0.054845210164785385,
0.007449784316122532,
-0.014389608055353165,
-0.04596487432718277,
0.015309316106140614,
-0.014497471041977406,
-0.043413128703832626,
0.06993594020605087,
-0.0011008003493770957,
0.030383756384253502,
0.023063991218805313,
-0.013337823562324047,
0.09495065361261368,
0.03065267577767372,
0.006804781965911388,
0.02632933109998703,
0.005442372057586908,
-0.03371721878647804,
0.0020285961218178272,
0.006608083378523588,
-0.02547556161880493,
0.026866987347602844,
-0.05225857347249985,
-0.02057701162993908,
-0.035507265478372574,
0.0014733209973201156,
-0.07164914906024933,
-0.05046042054891586,
-0.05610492080450058,
-0.06060440093278885,
0.07817675173282623,
-0.02622455731034279,
0.04855675622820854,
-0.024391742423176765,
0.031446460634469986,
-0.01361771672964096,
0.050447266548871994,
0.057945165783166885,
-0.011921290308237076,
-0.033026330173015594,
-0.0043325466103851795,
-0.009917601943016052,
-0.01994953490793705,
0.006674736272543669,
0.0787244364619255,
-0.03108729049563408,
-0.018270015716552734,
-0.03816881775856018,
0.14443890750408173,
-0.0017273144330829382,
0.0006519446615129709,
-0.0006192384171299636,
-0.027685491368174553,
-0.044571638107299805,
0.04047105833888054,
0.0020474414341151714,
0.06114867329597473,
-0.05327491834759712,
-0.0338088795542717,
-0.0860135555267334,
0.01155783049762249,
0.03621064871549606,
-0.0006061781896278262,
0.042534150183200836,
-0.005897498689591885,
0.06578768044710159,
0.05244246497750282,
-0.04883725196123123,
0.028601476922631264,
0.06742814183235168,
0.025560429319739342,
-0.08826850354671478,
0.03335235267877579,
0.016083374619483948,
0.03269125893712044,
-0.006878323387354612,
0.039501823484897614,
-0.04837384074926376,
0.03887359797954559,
-0.04912662133574486,
-0.037267737090587616,
-0.04906124621629715,
0.013299454003572464,
0.02643466368317604,
-0.029923146590590477,
0.07751579582691193,
0.056086134165525436,
-0.03313560411334038,
-0.01348897721618414,
0.041001591831445694,
-0.002867808099836111,
0.027499396353960037,
-0.0027259832713752985,
0.029697930440306664,
-0.031254738569259644,
-0.021953416988253593,
-0.007540754042565823,
-0.03152796998620033,
0.04090117663145065,
-0.01778246834874153,
0.09644336253404617,
-0.011136425659060478,
0.025675663724541664,
0.0232000183314085,
0.0033106703776866198,
0.06341542303562164,
0.03868064284324646,
-0.07208048552274704,
-0.31213870644569397,
0.050397224724292755,
-0.008322333917021751,
-0.0028426593635231256,
0.009992550127208233,
-0.027596723288297653,
-0.0033956209663301706,
-0.03172431141138077,
-0.0378597229719162,
-0.05000411346554756,
0.07359599322080612,
0.013199466280639172,
-0.06191252917051315,
-0.01384331751614809,
-0.05205153301358223,
-0.04393193870782852,
-0.01690615713596344,
-0.03877420350909233,
0.041526757180690765,
0.005389689933508635,
0.049280889332294464,
-0.04567369073629379,
-0.0155856404453516,
0.019606726244091988,
0.009558643214404583,
-0.05193670094013214,
0.05643506348133087,
0.00258089741691947,
0.024205079302191734,
-0.03805636987090111,
0.0436246320605278,
0.0515524297952652,
0.018128324300050735,
-0.056631188839673996,
-0.018593594431877136,
-0.12698765099048615,
-0.03129752725362778,
-0.08261676877737045,
0.0038696269039064646,
0.017334384843707085,
-0.03357871249318123,
0.014354894869029522,
-0.03783577308058739,
-0.09363662451505661,
0.01590600237250328,
-0.030607149004936218,
0.04613257944583893,
0.003902754280716181,
-0.02262715995311737,
0.018109431490302086,
0.014005489647388458,
0.09231214970350266,
0.02033308707177639,
0.002193951513618231,
0.07720666378736496,
0.0006897986168041825,
-0.04326590150594711,
0.031441327184438705,
-0.030847422778606415,
0.0009139893809333444,
-0.006002588197588921,
0.010982547886669636,
0.02284751459956169,
0.007662630639970303,
-0.029835905879735947,
-0.0009518364677205682,
-0.042186103761196136,
-0.03710798919200897,
0.08737912029027939,
0.03140633925795555,
-0.028913414105772972,
0.09702662378549576,
-0.010986052453517914,
0.001177711528725922,
0.08942847698926926,
0.010976861231029034,
-0.010584677569568157,
0.003595722606405616,
-0.09695141017436981,
-0.03295845910906792,
0.048710476607084274,
0.014159655198454857,
0.0394027903676033,
0.008641615509986877,
0.03533734381198883,
0.03039364516735077,
0.030297644436359406,
-0.010855111293494701,
0.03056720271706581,
0.03282923996448517,
0.048564035445451736,
-0.021167336031794548,
-0.03305540606379509,
-0.07675463706254959,
0.03364482894539833,
0.017113637179136276,
-0.23963406682014465,
0.014143927954137325,
0.019897960126399994,
0.06342659145593643,
-0.07642504572868347,
0.009526939131319523,
0.11529148370027542,
-0.03636899217963219,
-0.003412835765630007,
-0.044362980872392654,
-0.02117457427084446,
0.001981674926355481,
0.061176326125860214,
0.09614461660385132,
-0.011718271300196648,
-0.009505890309810638,
0.0426313616335392,
0.012914268299937248,
0.04012862965464592,
-0.015021633356809616,
-0.027182573452591896,
0.023518504574894905,
0.15239958465099335,
0.037954915314912796,
0.0035094870254397392,
0.039531271904706955,
0.021423470228910446,
0.03625341132283211,
0.012586493045091629,
0.05378242954611778,
0.03245939686894417,
0.0036079988349229097,
0.06714042276144028,
-0.01939169503748417,
0.0530191995203495,
0.00509443087503314,
-0.029815001413226128,
-0.019069524481892586,
-0.033797476440668106,
0.001036325586028397,
-0.050224434584379196,
0.0014395673060789704,
-0.10261319577693939,
-0.03532259166240692,
0.06316082924604416,
-0.03794413059949875,
-0.048056602478027344,
-0.012300812639296055,
-0.01741201989352703,
0.006833928171545267,
-0.008477780967950821,
-0.02437044121325016,
0.00747132720425725,
-0.014455856755375862,
0.008844319730997086,
0.003451791126281023,
0.0066002183593809605,
-0.0038055339828133583,
-0.009502584114670753,
-0.008523561991751194,
0.006536051630973816,
-0.03552943468093872,
-0.03825598955154419,
0.04966107755899429,
0.015822386369109154
] |
PMID:6625 | Accumulation and storage of Zn2+ by Candida utilis. | Starved cells of Candida utilis accumulated Zn2+ by two different processes. The first was a rapid, energy- and temperature-independent system that probably represented binding to the cell surface. The cells also possessed an energy-, pH-, and temperature-dependent system that was capable of accumulating much greater quantities of the cation than the binding process. The energy-dependent system was inhibited by KCN, Na2HAsO4, m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrazone, N-ethylmaleimide, EDTA and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid. The system was specific inasmuch as Ca2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+ or Cu2+ did not compete with, inhibit, or enhance the process, Zn2+ uptake was inhibited by Cd2+. The system exhibited saturation kinetics with a half-saturation value of 1.3 muM and a maximum rate of 0.21 (nmol Zn2+) min(-1) (mg dry wt(-1)) at 30 degrees C. Zn2+ uptake required intact membranes since only the binding process was observed in the presence of nystatin, toluene, or sodium dodecyl sulphate. Cells did not exchange recently accumulated toluene, or sodium dodecyl sulphate. Cells did not exchange recently accumulated 65Zn following the addition of a large excess of non-radioactive Zn2+. Similarly, cells pre-loaded with 65Zn did not lose the cation during starvation, and efflux did not occur when glucose and exogenous Zn2+ were supplied after the starvation period. Efflux was only observed after the addition of toluene or nystatin, or when cells were heated to 100 degrees C. Cells fed a large quantity of Zn2+ contained a protein fraction resembling animal cell metallothionein. In batch culture, cells of C. utilis accumulated Zn2+ only during the lag phase and the latter half of the exponential-growth phase. | Accumulation and storage of Zn2+ by Candida utilis. Starved cells of Candida utilis accumulated Zn2+ by two different processes. The first was a rapid, energy- and temperature-independent system that probably represented binding to the cell surface. The cells also possessed an energy-, pH-, and temperature-dependent system that was capable of accumulating much greater quantities of the cation than the binding process. The energy-dependent system was inhibited by KCN, Na2HAsO4, m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrazone, N-ethylmaleimide, EDTA and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid. The system was specific inasmuch as Ca2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+ or Cu2+ did not compete with, inhibit, or enhance the process, Zn2+ uptake was inhibited by Cd2+. The system exhibited saturation kinetics with a half-saturation value of 1.3 muM and a maximum rate of 0.21 (nmol Zn2+) min(-1) (mg dry wt(-1)) at 30 degrees C. Zn2+ uptake required intact membranes since only the binding process was observed in the presence of nystatin, toluene, or sodium dodecyl sulphate. Cells did not exchange recently accumulated toluene, or sodium dodecyl sulphate. Cells did not exchange recently accumulated 65Zn following the addition of a large excess of non-radioactive Zn2+. Similarly, cells pre-loaded with 65Zn did not lose the cation during starvation, and efflux did not occur when glucose and exogenous Zn2+ were supplied after the starvation period. Efflux was only observed after the addition of toluene or nystatin, or when cells were heated to 100 degrees C. Cells fed a large quantity of Zn2+ contained a protein fraction resembling animal cell metallothionein. In batch culture, cells of C. utilis accumulated Zn2+ only during the lag phase and the latter half of the exponential-growth phase. | [
-0.05134080350399017,
0.025088278576731682,
-0.0398908294737339,
0.024722417816519737,
0.04494258016347885,
0.004653060808777809,
0.05068860948085785,
0.04004889354109764,
-0.06375055015087128,
0.03308744728565216,
0.024161498993635178,
-0.06313848495483398,
0.06524266302585602,
0.007173008751124144,
-0.007462897803634405,
-0.029642468318343163,
-0.03174429014325142,
-0.018303653225302696,
-0.06533677130937576,
0.058339815586805344,
0.010869302786886692,
-0.04880717769265175,
0.018479814752936363,
-0.011467669159173965,
0.05541564151644707,
0.02876535803079605,
-0.027354061603546143,
0.009821414016187191,
-0.009391862899065018,
-0.23151738941669464,
0.008878279477357864,
-0.03076227568089962,
-0.024586476385593414,
-0.008166602812707424,
-0.03132659196853638,
-0.01597091741859913,
-0.021495943889021873,
-0.018292110413312912,
-0.017625676468014717,
0.07515818625688553,
0.05712338909506798,
0.08755724877119064,
-0.0859392061829567,
-0.03879014030098915,
-0.01222900953143835,
-0.028691498562693596,
-0.053435318171978,
0.034219253808259964,
0.10002830624580383,
0.005205782130360603,
-0.002098499331623316,
0.014061897993087769,
-0.008557038381695747,
0.06695281714200974,
-0.01797385700047016,
0.04235134646296501,
0.03618062660098076,
0.02431129664182663,
-0.020358826965093613,
0.00702711334452033,
-0.001533553353510797,
-0.025826456025242805,
-0.0851978287100792,
0.018240537494421005,
0.061883166432380676,
-0.05835266038775444,
-0.06424335390329361,
-0.03498367965221405,
0.025733012706041336,
0.06028568372130394,
-0.03461795672774315,
0.0330469124019146,
-0.003188876900821924,
0.04242146760225296,
-0.005264255218207836,
-0.02437240071594715,
0.039688896387815475,
-0.02467658370733261,
0.0370706282556057,
0.017468541860580444,
-0.01714368537068367,
0.011761405505239964,
-0.0006282140384428203,
0.006833131890743971,
0.02800322137773037,
0.007744418922811747,
-0.013424639590084553,
-0.0216055940836668,
-0.009353077039122581,
0.0363614484667778,
0.0014145886525511742,
-0.033757150173187256,
-0.01997903175652027,
0.036248449236154556,
-0.06567329168319702,
0.03088943101465702,
0.03116983361542225,
0.0446949265897274,
-0.023746198043227196,
0.3931071162223816,
0.03486185148358345,
0.03078320622444153,
-0.02144634537398815,
0.06007500737905502,
-0.024966856464743614,
-0.03007383644580841,
-0.00037255376810207963,
-0.042064279317855835,
0.014869782142341137,
0.007779815699905157,
0.05548616871237755,
-0.019525058567523956,
-0.06973198056221008,
-0.04009053483605385,
0.042201049625873566,
-0.008999919518828392,
0.04721281677484512,
-0.0030941315926611423,
-0.063655786216259,
-0.012209498323500156,
-0.016789158806204796,
-0.009915689006447792,
0.0577068068087101,
-0.034635912626981735,
0.05227469652891159,
0.03206039220094681,
0.015695126727223396,
0.09294899553060532,
-0.0111194783821702,
0.00989492330700159,
0.06689368188381195,
0.01579859107732773,
-0.05921435356140137,
0.037241727113723755,
-0.034843239933252335,
0.008854245766997337,
0.05157142132520676,
-0.07837273180484772,
-0.027775824069976807,
-0.050048839300870895,
-0.022246981039643288,
-0.0564679354429245,
-0.04377395287156105,
-0.12222760170698166,
-0.03971016779541969,
0.08607733994722366,
0.019556010141968727,
0.031125571578741074,
0.03135308623313904,
-0.05798693746328354,
-0.019190188497304916,
0.06919758766889572,
0.04282396659255028,
-0.01989557594060898,
-0.034307170659303665,
0.0005700716865248978,
0.015365943312644958,
-0.017897021025419235,
0.05199144408106804,
-0.004109261091798544,
-0.08758314698934555,
0.0001920513022923842,
-0.001369888661429286,
0.08698312193155289,
0.0581887848675251,
0.00028353038942441344,
-0.06394771486520767,
-0.05652298778295517,
-0.020079240202903748,
-0.02582177147269249,
0.031053589656949043,
0.010404215194284916,
-0.021786002442240715,
-0.06615346670150757,
-0.01507562305778265,
0.0069374688901007175,
0.0027191229164600372,
-0.017486298456788063,
0.04089692607522011,
0.008974002674221992,
0.0034487764351069927,
0.0621039979159832,
-0.0076577248983085155,
0.022482452914118767,
0.03941534459590912,
-0.02103555016219616,
-0.06248636171221733,
0.022423138841986656,
-0.06509718298912048,
0.029999101534485817,
-0.016975555568933487,
-0.0009405611199326813,
-0.07993196696043015,
0.042725659906864166,
-0.03110063076019287,
-0.015495283529162407,
-0.04304923117160797,
-0.001768990303389728,
-0.0002499013498891145,
-0.06526180356740952,
0.08125925809144974,
0.027156397700309753,
-0.033001609146595,
-0.006017148960381746,
0.0529974140226841,
-0.025094298645853996,
0.024037640541791916,
0.07317231595516205,
-0.004143198486417532,
-0.012575419619679451,
-0.06123574450612068,
0.03196249157190323,
-0.05823322385549545,
-0.01648976095020771,
-0.018801163882017136,
0.051678549498319626,
0.020251283422112465,
-0.025194568559527397,
0.04474332556128502,
-0.011346777901053429,
0.07476887106895447,
-0.05699421465396881,
-0.0655355155467987,
-0.3165051341056824,
0.018429165706038475,
0.03948394954204559,
0.002836642088368535,
0.04766685143113136,
-0.02387562021613121,
0.050952211022377014,
-0.04957806318998337,
-0.032258566468954086,
-0.07710032165050507,
0.020174391567707062,
0.062193240970373154,
0.006793417502194643,
-0.007501272950321436,
0.015749771147966385,
-0.021967899054288864,
0.03408953174948692,
-0.03675231337547302,
0.021157553419470787,
0.031513310968875885,
0.016192594543099403,
-0.04908484220504761,
0.04929136857390404,
0.00834718905389309,
0.07745068520307541,
-0.05038224533200264,
0.08170510828495026,
-0.006897221319377422,
-0.003168117720633745,
-0.0409708134829998,
0.016453580930829048,
0.05846136808395386,
0.004290339071303606,
-0.055346399545669556,
-0.04958672821521759,
-0.04858968034386635,
0.033645205199718475,
0.0012836882378906012,
0.00720728375017643,
0.011286091059446335,
-0.01756611280143261,
0.005220273043960333,
-0.035182684659957886,
-0.04178663715720177,
0.03451354801654816,
0.005494161043316126,
-0.003966475836932659,
0.0060460204258561134,
0.012317531742155552,
-0.01994238793849945,
0.06744064390659332,
0.045057207345962524,
0.050943609327077866,
0.001957542961463332,
0.03694121167063713,
0.003209846094250679,
-0.0019522085785865784,
0.06576309353113174,
-0.05727260187268257,
-0.0029506278224289417,
-0.07231233268976212,
-0.07463546097278595,
0.017641639336943626,
-0.0072637624107301235,
-0.004830554127693176,
-0.01806381158530712,
0.03009982407093048,
-0.04771200567483902,
0.05750371515750885,
0.021351737901568413,
0.0015545637579634786,
0.11968015879392624,
-0.012005896307528019,
0.02328992635011673,
0.015633443370461464,
0.05563557147979736,
-0.05782780423760414,
-0.056197647005319595,
-0.06508802622556686,
0.028433943167328835,
-0.04918847233057022,
-0.0005207462818361819,
0.048518016934394836,
-0.02013200707733631,
0.01957765221595764,
0.05200944468379021,
0.029871655628085136,
-0.002110920147970319,
0.018466642126441002,
0.06198429688811302,
-0.018020154908299446,
0.009907900355756283,
-0.010452332906425,
-0.053163181990385056,
0.04475761577486992,
0.04291904345154762,
-0.2372124046087265,
0.045418452471494675,
0.006807003170251846,
0.026889756321907043,
-0.050727806985378265,
0.0335698202252388,
0.037884797900915146,
0.014625088311731815,
-0.01517934538424015,
0.04364127665758133,
0.029244689270853996,
0.0043462286703288555,
0.08342239260673523,
0.009865636937320232,
-0.004420411307364702,
0.026676438748836517,
0.03646548464894295,
-0.061911776661872864,
0.020838918164372444,
-0.030604427680373192,
-0.0014926373260095716,
-0.04335414245724678,
0.11680257320404053,
0.0027546428609639406,
-0.0026007744017988443,
0.04191039502620697,
0.018523039296269417,
0.041208505630493164,
-0.009902985766530037,
0.027029220014810562,
0.033181652426719666,
0.054533474147319794,
0.06702659279108047,
0.012000384740531445,
-0.03457067534327507,
0.07001278549432755,
0.011175726540386677,
0.02050386182963848,
0.0007129296427592635,
-0.011806122027337551,
-0.02502746321260929,
-0.03253035992383957,
-0.08795128017663956,
-0.02234131097793579,
0.03182405233383179,
-0.08873698860406876,
0.0012105024652555585,
-0.08672527968883514,
-0.002720667514950037,
0.007543850224465132,
-0.0635947585105896,
-0.04755590111017227,
0.006448354572057724,
0.04634146764874458,
-0.02121705561876297,
-0.02080409787595272,
-0.03493883088231087,
-0.06873562932014465,
-0.0004644262371584773,
0.004460499621927738,
0.013691441155970097,
-0.059053584933280945,
0.003800786565989256,
0.03013787232339382,
-0.010572782717645168
] |
PMID:6630 | Mortality and cerebral metabolism after bilateral carotid artery ligation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Mortality and cerebral glycolytic metabolism were studied after bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in normotensive Wistar rats (NTR), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) derived from Wistar strain. In the first 24 hours after occlusion of carotid arteries, 72 per cent of 108 SHR died, whereas it was fatal in only 16 per cent of 43 NTR. In SHR, cerebral lactate and cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P ratio) increased by 12.4 and 12.1 times the control, respectively at five to six hours after ligation, and remained raised even in rats surviving for two to three days thereafter. Changes in cerebral lactate and L/P ratio were minimal in NTR. Cerebral ATP decreased markedly at five to six hours after ligation in SHR studied. These results indicate that bilateral carotid artery ligation causes severe brain damage in SHR but not in NTR, suggesting hypertension per se to be operative for the development of cerebral ischaemia. | Mortality and cerebral metabolism after bilateral carotid artery ligation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mortality and cerebral glycolytic metabolism were studied after bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in normotensive Wistar rats (NTR), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) derived from Wistar strain. In the first 24 hours after occlusion of carotid arteries, 72 per cent of 108 SHR died, whereas it was fatal in only 16 per cent of 43 NTR. In SHR, cerebral lactate and cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P ratio) increased by 12.4 and 12.1 times the control, respectively at five to six hours after ligation, and remained raised even in rats surviving for two to three days thereafter. Changes in cerebral lactate and L/P ratio were minimal in NTR. Cerebral ATP decreased markedly at five to six hours after ligation in SHR studied. These results indicate that bilateral carotid artery ligation causes severe brain damage in SHR but not in NTR, suggesting hypertension per se to be operative for the development of cerebral ischaemia. | [
-0.051492344588041306,
-0.01729709468781948,
-0.0053458805195987225,
0.017843158915638924,
-0.008415162563323975,
0.0012618351029232144,
0.03555711731314659,
0.04238346219062805,
-0.05722165107727051,
-0.03254808485507965,
0.019546782597899437,
-0.03652292862534523,
0.008045162074267864,
0.06731884181499481,
-0.044719792902469635,
-0.04914981126785278,
-0.06675297766923904,
0.04800565540790558,
-0.04058088734745979,
0.007533340714871883,
-0.020352719351649284,
-0.007609358988702297,
0.04891682416200638,
-0.0034795193932950497,
0.040260691195726395,
0.05190906301140785,
-0.02235294133424759,
-0.004027718678116798,
-0.006518017966300249,
-0.2112724334001541,
0.026877859607338905,
-0.0574529767036438,
-0.006495641078799963,
-0.06662805378437042,
-0.04421193525195122,
0.014953446574509144,
-0.004347037058323622,
0.04354479908943176,
-0.006109063979238272,
0.06183488294482231,
0.056811533868312836,
0.021978028118610382,
-0.00015478995919693261,
0.02995685674250126,
0.07152505964040756,
0.05094485357403755,
-0.029086556285619736,
0.006830090656876564,
0.14092445373535156,
-0.017830362543463707,
-0.03950730711221695,
0.004401552025228739,
0.035146139562129974,
0.03285197541117668,
0.008231016807258129,
-0.07148663699626923,
0.05008392408490181,
0.03509121388196945,
0.05819714069366455,
0.04595807567238808,
0.0022025806829333305,
0.061194948852062225,
-0.16779355704784393,
0.01028140727430582,
0.004302541259676218,
-0.038329944014549255,
-0.029802022501826286,
-0.01755783148109913,
0.02072070725262165,
0.03325962647795677,
-0.03396487608551979,
0.017038580030202866,
0.0035432472359389067,
-0.043903689831495285,
-0.029381761327385902,
-0.029646724462509155,
0.01674230955541134,
-0.05032263323664665,
0.04916748031973839,
0.0017150260973721743,
0.04763107746839523,
0.006337031722068787,
-0.020680859684944153,
-0.005950803868472576,
-0.011924645863473415,
-0.009428228251636028,
-0.014146252535283566,
-0.05980024114251137,
-0.0460929349064827,
0.02498519979417324,
-0.029067646712064743,
-0.05668703094124794,
-0.00012392897042445838,
-0.0008701316546648741,
-0.05590120702981949,
0.04786099120974541,
0.008176879957318306,
0.019043751060962677,
-0.009904040955007076,
0.35199370980262756,
0.03328261151909828,
0.006749541033059359,
-0.05816899612545967,
-0.005893222987651825,
0.012853727675974369,
-0.05211767181754112,
-0.025149377062916756,
0.026117241010069847,
0.007582136895507574,
0.06512057036161423,
0.09261466562747955,
0.040078941732645035,
0.013877545483410358,
-0.007088345009833574,
0.0059236749075353146,
-0.025652645155787468,
0.005661294795572758,
0.02665366232395172,
0.011230845004320145,
0.0677587240934372,
-0.030378181487321854,
0.016281956806778908,
0.019127290695905685,
0.02919752150774002,
0.08033274859189987,
0.022374732419848442,
0.05147019028663635,
0.0647759884595871,
0.09055239707231522,
-0.011456059291958809,
0.05634527653455734,
0.010521985590457916,
0.006784777622669935,
-0.01175265945494175,
-0.019459621980786324,
-0.004483554046601057,
0.0023571879137307405,
-0.0525178536772728,
0.047346509993076324,
-0.07140663266181946,
0.019854867830872536,
-0.006568401586264372,
-0.0012979760067537427,
-0.07962699979543686,
-0.023452771827578545,
0.08076679706573486,
-0.017971469089388847,
-0.013612187467515469,
-0.09624771028757095,
-0.028473986312747,
0.002657240489497781,
0.023994216695427895,
-0.059955280274152756,
-0.0031832598615437746,
-0.019967911764979362,
0.034891948103904724,
-0.030253443866968155,
0.00820628646761179,
0.02937282808125019,
-0.04332878440618515,
-0.0506778210401535,
-0.04342280328273773,
-0.04732213914394379,
0.036987267434597015,
0.027088437229394913,
0.006975764408707619,
-0.015831654891371727,
-0.006430593319237232,
0.05745510384440422,
-0.004722998011857271,
0.026093315333127975,
-0.01679338328540325,
0.030601367354393005,
-0.05798774212598801,
-0.0010716733522713184,
0.03243846073746681,
0.022296125069260597,
0.00003671608283184469,
0.02706841006875038,
-0.02171057090163231,
0.009722121991217136,
0.04057322442531586,
-0.0024706381373107433,
0.0475035198032856,
-0.014109879732131958,
0.009320058859884739,
-0.05227183178067207,
-0.02481025457382202,
0.0024311605375260115,
0.05904389172792435,
-0.05651431530714035,
0.006585023831576109,
-0.08501982688903809,
0.003105339827015996,
-0.004845837131142616,
-0.023193372413516045,
-0.0568060539662838,
0.0026631266809999943,
-0.005830523557960987,
0.025392992421984673,
0.05643397197127342,
-0.02733546681702137,
-0.023235619068145752,
0.03077962063252926,
0.032051268965005875,
0.03438882902264595,
-0.030748983845114708,
0.02753588929772377,
0.030594652518630028,
0.03502844274044037,
-0.04083506762981415,
-0.005847890395671129,
-0.022511431947350502,
0.04200608283281326,
-0.0214825589209795,
0.0468318872153759,
0.02889779955148697,
0.03480604663491249,
0.04664662480354309,
0.06668797135353088,
0.10076186805963516,
-0.06430875509977341,
0.0018055647378787398,
-0.2851545810699463,
-0.08291752636432648,
-0.016508862376213074,
-0.0439663827419281,
0.033994823694229126,
-0.0408952534198761,
-0.02006371133029461,
-0.04639134928584099,
0.009882346726953983,
-0.04508482292294502,
-0.029885128140449524,
0.04525375738739967,
-0.03952522948384285,
-0.019028766080737114,
0.005233395844697952,
0.06134892627596855,
0.03866095468401909,
-0.021712087094783783,
0.00126728939358145,
0.0018787486478686333,
0.0025932095013558865,
0.03270222991704941,
-0.028228573501110077,
0.010095910169184208,
0.03869212418794632,
-0.014013809151947498,
0.130545511841774,
-0.04374644160270691,
0.04518657922744751,
-0.03404660522937775,
0.009615423157811165,
0.1121988520026207,
-0.024220770224928856,
-0.10821010172367096,
0.010380780324339867,
-0.06112024933099747,
-0.027483630925416946,
-0.009111990220844746,
-0.04426155984401703,
-0.028320444747805595,
-0.06988752633333206,
-0.02153218537569046,
-0.029473671689629555,
-0.040910668671131134,
-0.07492558658123016,
-0.01751597598195076,
-0.014969408512115479,
-0.004759293515235186,
0.016415130347013474,
0.03925558552145958,
0.028075428679585457,
-0.04593450948596001,
-0.035028599202632904,
-0.01303116511553526,
0.05936915799975395,
0.008011052384972572,
-0.11285209655761719,
0.01752590574324131,
-0.0729103535413742,
-0.028301281854510307,
0.0024517937563359737,
-0.009157318621873856,
0.030250102281570435,
-0.031018074601888657,
0.0038517366629093885,
0.08615636080503464,
0.04238307476043701,
0.043091028928756714,
-0.006864633876830339,
0.017665140330791473,
-0.03060801886022091,
0.09738859534263611,
0.00230805529281497,
0.004013623110949993,
0.052677612751722336,
0.043500401079654694,
-0.03378606215119362,
-0.07228794693946838,
-0.048414282500743866,
0.06257019191980362,
0.03546757251024246,
-0.06742039322853088,
0.08438682556152344,
0.05040144547820091,
0.02392018400132656,
0.014399940147995949,
0.0023575869854539633,
-0.026124360039830208,
0.02232048660516739,
-0.022163178771734238,
-0.03249584883451462,
-0.013402437791228294,
-0.06217564269900322,
-0.0409679152071476,
0.0515279695391655,
0.07671231776475906,
-0.27639275789260864,
-0.04099760204553604,
0.004379383288323879,
-0.040523961186409,
0.044392719864845276,
-0.017034905031323433,
-0.005759894847869873,
-0.0207530427724123,
-0.0492192842066288,
0.029029665514826775,
0.009876912459731102,
0.07122926414012909,
0.04083732143044472,
0.04241373389959335,
-0.0282997265458107,
0.019996022805571556,
0.021021058782935143,
0.0094942981377244,
0.040294673293828964,
-0.020642055198550224,
-0.07757553458213806,
-0.03168736770749092,
0.10950280725955963,
0.036679040640592575,
-0.03280361741781235,
0.020628172904253006,
-0.009172982536256313,
0.05918644741177559,
0.012143205851316452,
-0.011699744500219822,
-0.03190471976995468,
-0.01872587390244007,
0.0492522269487381,
-0.07078590244054794,
0.05747852474451065,
0.036595266312360764,
-0.047581300139427185,
0.05181121826171875,
0.015823038294911385,
0.006641141604632139,
-0.020690737292170525,
0.019084667786955833,
-0.021741781383752823,
-0.041192006319761276,
0.09357737004756927,
0.006031506694853306,
-0.03575321286916733,
-0.01067333109676838,
-0.032987017184495926,
0.01553207915276289,
-0.02019420824944973,
-0.009757757186889648,
0.020834175869822502,
0.004791601561009884,
0.003037211252376437,
-0.07206959277391434,
0.009648269973695278,
-0.021167781203985214,
0.06315550953149796,
-0.001855964888818562,
0.00460037449374795,
0.05398820340633392,
-0.0038006773684173822,
0.10832392424345016,
-0.05665307119488716
] |
PMID:6631 | Effects of two desensitization techniques, biofeedback and relaxation, on intractable epilepsy: follow-up study. | Two techniques of desedsitization, biofeedback and relaxation, were employed in a crossover design for the treatment of three young female patinets suffering from drug resistant epilepsy associated with anxiety and phobic symptoms. The patients were followed up for 15 months after the six months of treatment. The results indicate that both relaxation and biofeedback improved the patients' control of their seizures and the effects were maintained during the follow-up period. | Effects of two desensitization techniques, biofeedback and relaxation, on intractable epilepsy: follow-up study. Two techniques of desedsitization, biofeedback and relaxation, were employed in a crossover design for the treatment of three young female patinets suffering from drug resistant epilepsy associated with anxiety and phobic symptoms. The patients were followed up for 15 months after the six months of treatment. The results indicate that both relaxation and biofeedback improved the patients' control of their seizures and the effects were maintained during the follow-up period. | [
-0.017223015427589417,
0.049921296536922455,
0.0654568076133728,
0.027274413034319878,
-0.0024326839484274387,
0.016278700903058052,
0.04919029772281647,
-0.02161405049264431,
-0.006765559781342745,
-0.04183841124176979,
0.020946001634001732,
-0.037476301193237305,
-0.008262256160378456,
-0.04201534390449524,
0.011333372443914413,
-0.019504690542817116,
0.01614890620112419,
-0.005356598179787397,
-0.0010149015579372644,
-0.018385719507932663,
-0.051374174654483795,
0.022392675280570984,
0.013420887291431427,
0.02708674781024456,
0.02097010612487793,
-0.002256617182865739,
0.0023933355696499348,
0.05592118576169014,
-0.039534635841846466,
-0.13183197379112244,
0.04115929827094078,
0.00608057901263237,
-0.002785590011626482,
-0.011353093199431896,
-0.04924141615629196,
0.02958758920431137,
-0.016500093042850494,
0.00761909456923604,
-0.021310733631253242,
0.013485644944012165,
0.06342600286006927,
-0.0017208534991368651,
-0.026203516870737076,
-0.025061141699552536,
-0.013339273631572723,
-0.012356890365481377,
-0.06766992807388306,
-0.06262785196304321,
0.07126680016517639,
-0.019554900005459785,
0.04455015808343887,
-0.04228559508919716,
0.06105384975671768,
0.06580908596515656,
-0.040874581784009933,
0.009731831029057503,
0.015928443521261215,
0.006812172941863537,
-0.011631115339696407,
0.038284409791231155,
0.00897614099085331,
0.0208910945802927,
-0.11300970613956451,
0.05965688079595566,
-0.002847761381417513,
-0.007181121967732906,
-0.04630397632718086,
-0.08202892541885376,
0.046363990753889084,
0.08640462905168533,
-0.044993557035923004,
0.04124397039413452,
0.010181225836277008,
-0.002025977708399296,
0.0782034695148468,
-0.024646306410431862,
0.01777084730565548,
-0.005698590539395809,
-0.0073396991938352585,
-0.025250116363167763,
0.003954533487558365,
0.034288305789232254,
0.037598866969347,
-0.05408096686005592,
0.02215268462896347,
-0.034139081835746765,
0.0300753116607666,
-0.022177454084157944,
0.03125659376382828,
0.0037945350632071495,
0.015779081732034683,
0.0021039319690316916,
0.02290388196706772,
-0.018699774518609047,
-0.05376458913087845,
-0.04248632863163948,
-0.020921150222420692,
0.009703063406050205,
-0.015277931466698647,
0.3605411648750305,
-0.06118861585855484,
0.06298071146011353,
-0.010733778588473797,
0.018725842237472534,
-0.04647817462682724,
-0.03654396906495094,
0.05492300167679787,
-0.04639829322695732,
-0.037442222237586975,
0.03638678416609764,
-0.03372346982359886,
0.012417824938893318,
0.0915127769112587,
-0.011324619874358177,
-0.032120637595653534,
0.0619037002325058,
0.06711328774690628,
-0.040727678686380386,
0.055337462574243546,
0.036111440509557724,
-0.0034443936310708523,
-0.044253647327423096,
0.0054610008373856544,
-0.05976228415966034,
0.019877396523952484,
-0.022782614454627037,
0.004759972915053368,
0.05370205640792847,
0.03980448096990585,
-0.011250896379351616,
0.0359700582921505,
-0.04397258907556534,
-0.03496597707271576,
0.0007706778706051409,
-0.041019417345523834,
0.005489681847393513,
0.02625163644552231,
-0.047940365970134735,
0.02342969924211502,
0.04040329158306122,
0.010147694498300552,
-0.009121849201619625,
0.037702418863773346,
-0.12306100875139236,
-0.011105887591838837,
0.10018501430749893,
0.01877410151064396,
0.0114063061773777,
-0.057513561099767685,
0.012148339301347733,
-0.011156739667057991,
-0.014129766263067722,
-0.03639323636889458,
0.0325450673699379,
0.029763905331492424,
0.048160456120967865,
-0.01200896967202425,
-0.06772583723068237,
-0.044017497450113297,
-0.021482976153492928,
-0.00005516421151696704,
-0.05666464567184448,
-0.018925918266177177,
0.09860354661941528,
0.047022994607686996,
-0.008380070328712463,
-0.05199588090181351,
0.0011483662528917193,
-0.0634775385260582,
-0.013085785321891308,
0.026609722524881363,
-0.0024927055928856134,
-0.009215411730110645,
-0.05666215717792511,
-0.033102575689554214,
0.011873533017933369,
-0.019778795540332794,
-0.06937579065561295,
0.00033126160269603133,
0.03160714730620384,
0.08989088237285614,
-0.04374049976468086,
-0.02733798883855343,
0.03911712393164635,
-0.05108765885233879,
-0.05445411428809166,
-0.069454625248909,
0.0856553316116333,
-0.037041351199150085,
0.03497759625315666,
-0.011158449575304985,
-0.05399126932024956,
-0.01900375448167324,
-0.014455429278314114,
0.011061972938477993,
-0.035587556660175323,
-0.0736469253897667,
-0.027930166572332382,
-0.005843908526003361,
0.020174577832221985,
0.011396902613341808,
0.04915699362754822,
0.004379903897643089,
0.05844436585903168,
0.033317163586616516,
0.019241128116846085,
-0.012881433591246605,
-0.0328155942261219,
0.08439306169748306,
-0.0019065294181928039,
-0.04623173549771309,
0.07681290805339813,
0.05701699107885361,
-0.05966981127858162,
0.0023144909646362066,
0.08422350138425827,
-0.050629694014787674,
0.07470380514860153,
0.004429090768098831,
0.05183306708931923,
0.07943765074014664,
-0.010216210037469864,
-0.011029815301299095,
-0.35119616985321045,
-0.029002804309129715,
0.0077281249687075615,
0.016488445922732353,
0.06878971308469772,
-0.08851416409015656,
0.030263248831033707,
-0.0741320550441742,
0.00460422970354557,
-0.05745602771639824,
0.0036273906007409096,
0.023056110367178917,
-0.0229987520724535,
0.018633609637618065,
0.005174859892576933,
0.037988364696502686,
0.09332172572612762,
-0.05543123185634613,
-0.002246449002996087,
-0.02375773899257183,
0.011829194612801075,
0.010008626617491245,
0.029684361070394516,
-0.014848074875772,
0.04633641615509987,
0.02874285914003849,
0.06663195788860321,
-0.04399186372756958,
0.020793991163372993,
-0.03808073326945305,
-0.0365254171192646,
0.08666776120662689,
-0.0001180221006507054,
-0.1568222939968109,
0.016393369063735008,
-0.03976035490632057,
0.028882676735520363,
-0.015026181004941463,
-0.02402738854289055,
-0.030381884425878525,
-0.034413985908031464,
0.08484384417533875,
-0.03035106137394905,
-0.02553543634712696,
-0.11510252207517624,
-0.014832813292741776,
0.029237104579806328,
-0.0024820019025355577,
-0.027149342000484467,
-0.036341506987810135,
0.030561553314328194,
0.007880222983658314,
0.02361593209207058,
0.06317880004644394,
0.016491346061229706,
-0.030933184549212456,
-0.09490854293107986,
0.017008434981107712,
-0.042293403297662735,
-0.0013094519963487983,
0.018581833690404892,
-0.014927944168448448,
0.01377943716943264,
-0.04150010645389557,
-0.02905101142823696,
-0.021811289712786674,
0.01393414568156004,
-0.005129845812916756,
0.02086733467876911,
0.0296028945595026,
-0.0077004809863865376,
0.12256915867328644,
0.021365297958254814,
-0.0033856560476124287,
0.06445635110139847,
0.03695196658372879,
-0.0016242925776168704,
-0.0001949016732396558,
-0.09048014879226685,
0.02039853110909462,
-0.02886522188782692,
-0.020214533433318138,
0.03325542062520981,
0.00483325170353055,
-0.05569452419877052,
0.004320256877690554,
0.020250016823410988,
-0.05065466836094856,
0.0068914382718503475,
-0.05053307116031647,
-0.019151845946907997,
0.01694006286561489,
-0.04754335433244705,
-0.009955531917512417,
0.05637994781136513,
0.03491852432489395,
-0.2493688464164734,
-0.0017424895195290446,
-0.02139747329056263,
0.028722872957587242,
-0.04863623157143593,
0.09415832161903381,
-0.027062492445111275,
0.01993744634091854,
-0.021786177530884743,
-0.00072446622652933,
-0.041319340467453,
0.035389307886362076,
0.05831940099596977,
0.07197223603725433,
0.047511305660009384,
0.0391426719725132,
0.0412009060382843,
-0.02977864071726799,
0.02718539908528328,
-0.00590956537052989,
0.007644889876246452,
0.0573371946811676,
0.1265118569135666,
0.018011748790740967,
-0.036001481115818024,
0.019408203661441803,
-0.0060994285158813,
0.021557338535785675,
0.007492393255233765,
-0.04519450291991234,
0.02492607943713665,
0.019717225804924965,
-0.009007299318909645,
-0.0027071996591985226,
0.034815553575754166,
-0.019706277176737785,
-0.0798533707857132,
0.007991119287908077,
0.05240190029144287,
0.01631918177008629,
0.025266854092478752,
0.016823580488562584,
0.054710857570171356,
-0.009252811782062054,
0.05628741532564163,
-0.06124264746904373,
-0.01965154893696308,
-0.012263964861631393,
-0.03810049965977669,
-0.019083954393863678,
-0.0330398790538311,
-0.01521611399948597,
0.08385611325502396,
0.04574670270085335,
0.02279578521847725,
0.02879885770380497,
0.03341364860534668,
-0.0013345384504646063,
0.052118025720119476,
-0.018566930666565895,
0.01239990908652544,
-0.030598832294344902,
-0.06327099353075027,
0.0371662974357605,
-0.004527123179286718
] |
PMID:6632 | Skeletal muscle necrosis following membrane-active drugs plus serotonin. | Administration of imipramine plus serotonin (5-HT) to rats has been proposed as an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We studied the skeletal muscle necrosis produced in male rats given 5-HT after pretreatment with imipramine, other tricyclic antidepressants, or antihistamines, which like the tricyclic antidepressants, can block neuronal reuptake of 5-HT. Following one of these agents plus 5-HT, 20 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.), necrosis was more severe in the soleus muscle than the quadriceps. There was no significant difference in the incidence of necrosis in the soleus and quadriceps muscles following one of these agents plus 5-HT, 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.). After one of these agents plus 5-HT i.p., but not 5-HT s.c., extensive necrosis was significantly more frequent and severe in the quadriceps muscle than after 5-HT s.c. Chlorpheniramine (CP) plus 5-HT, 2.5 mg/kg intravenously, produced less muscle necrosis than CP plus 5-HT s.c. or i.p. The necrosis produced by CP plus 5-HT s.c. was comparable ipsilateral and contralateral to the injection site. The necrosis following CP plus 5-HT i.p. was maximal at 24 hr and remained fairly constant until 5 days. Regeneration was prominent by 7 days. The muscle necrosis produced by CP plus 5-HT is blocked by some 5-HT blockers, e.g., methiotepin and methysergide. It is also partially blocked by denervation. The capacity of tricyclic antidepressants and antihistamines to block neuronal 5-HT reuptake tended to be negatively correlated with the capacity to potentiate the muscle necrosis they produced with 5-HT, which suggests that blockade of 5-HT uptake is not the mechanism of the pathology produced by the combined treatment. The tricyclic antidepressants and the antihistamines are "membrane stabilizers-labilizers". Other drugs which are "membrane stabilizers-labilizers" such as trihexyphenidyl and procaine also promoted skeletal muscle necrosis when given prior to 5-HT. It is proposed that the effects of imipramine plus 5-HT on skeletal muscle are not due to the blockade of neuronal uptake of 5-HT and subsequent vascular-induced ischemia, but reflect direct toxic effects of these agents on skeletal muscle. | Skeletal muscle necrosis following membrane-active drugs plus serotonin. Administration of imipramine plus serotonin (5-HT) to rats has been proposed as an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We studied the skeletal muscle necrosis produced in male rats given 5-HT after pretreatment with imipramine, other tricyclic antidepressants, or antihistamines, which like the tricyclic antidepressants, can block neuronal reuptake of 5-HT. Following one of these agents plus 5-HT, 20 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.), necrosis was more severe in the soleus muscle than the quadriceps. There was no significant difference in the incidence of necrosis in the soleus and quadriceps muscles following one of these agents plus 5-HT, 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.). After one of these agents plus 5-HT i.p., but not 5-HT s.c., extensive necrosis was significantly more frequent and severe in the quadriceps muscle than after 5-HT s.c. Chlorpheniramine (CP) plus 5-HT, 2.5 mg/kg intravenously, produced less muscle necrosis than CP plus 5-HT s.c. or i.p. The necrosis produced by CP plus 5-HT s.c. was comparable ipsilateral and contralateral to the injection site. The necrosis following CP plus 5-HT i.p. was maximal at 24 hr and remained fairly constant until 5 days. Regeneration was prominent by 7 days. The muscle necrosis produced by CP plus 5-HT is blocked by some 5-HT blockers, e.g., methiotepin and methysergide. It is also partially blocked by denervation. The capacity of tricyclic antidepressants and antihistamines to block neuronal 5-HT reuptake tended to be negatively correlated with the capacity to potentiate the muscle necrosis they produced with 5-HT, which suggests that blockade of 5-HT uptake is not the mechanism of the pathology produced by the combined treatment. The tricyclic antidepressants and the antihistamines are "membrane stabilizers-labilizers". Other drugs which are "membrane stabilizers-labilizers" such as trihexyphenidyl and procaine also promoted skeletal muscle necrosis when given prior to 5-HT. It is proposed that the effects of imipramine plus 5-HT on skeletal muscle are not due to the blockade of neuronal uptake of 5-HT and subsequent vascular-induced ischemia, but reflect direct toxic effects of these agents on skeletal muscle. | [
-0.02476087398827076,
-0.0032002669759094715,
0.02881021797657013,
-0.004008656833320856,
-0.013039257377386093,
0.03109394572675228,
0.04083897918462753,
0.08232416957616806,
0.014824653044342995,
-0.0665849968791008,
0.017980214208364487,
-0.01768016442656517,
0.002003105590119958,
0.035367026925086975,
-0.04904894903302193,
0.01476721465587616,
0.04113005846738815,
-0.029359670355916023,
-0.06239109858870506,
-0.009041748009622097,
0.0004476692120078951,
-0.034671563655138016,
0.05298348888754845,
-0.031891051679849625,
0.03178919106721878,
-0.010411791503429413,
-0.04781057685613632,
0.022804809734225273,
-0.03350335732102394,
-0.16938766837120056,
0.005406793672591448,
-0.041540246456861496,
-0.01281797420233488,
-0.024578087031841278,
-0.014705547131597996,
0.008267532102763653,
-0.03617996722459793,
0.05816229060292244,
-0.0326838493347168,
0.05340273678302765,
0.05053545534610748,
0.030539775267243385,
-0.016075499355793,
-0.0015477087581530213,
0.044463034719228745,
-0.008962704800069332,
-0.006297733169049025,
-0.0544174388051033,
0.13548538088798523,
0.03661710023880005,
0.015201971866190434,
-0.03431883081793785,
0.06829861551523209,
0.052275121212005615,
0.018915526568889618,
0.005735696759074926,
0.020025383681058884,
0.060357216745615005,
-0.012711727991700172,
0.07202558219432831,
0.02755727991461754,
0.05684139207005501,
-0.15158891677856445,
0.030767712742090225,
0.05713944882154465,
-0.03634485974907875,
-0.018776677548885345,
0.02280750684440136,
0.020865943282842636,
0.0497455932199955,
-0.041925013065338135,
0.03514742851257324,
0.01707170531153679,
0.009027332067489624,
-0.0005849811132065952,
-0.012141384184360504,
-0.016433387994766235,
-0.0569271557033062,
-0.04388928785920143,
-0.03632289916276932,
0.0013782124733552337,
0.005246436223387718,
0.003628714708611369,
-0.05172163248062134,
-0.014645302668213844,
-0.029930856078863144,
-0.0018270238069817424,
-0.004055872093886137,
0.0019076114986091852,
0.029504243284463882,
-0.0463106669485569,
-0.047357529401779175,
0.018580926582217216,
-0.04934924468398094,
-0.05752435326576233,
0.001019293093122542,
-0.02254241332411766,
-0.056168362498283386,
-0.032113317400217056,
0.3713289499282837,
-0.012809177860617638,
0.02270674891769886,
-0.02635505422949791,
-0.014570067636668682,
-0.014148558489978313,
0.018573131412267685,
-0.011290626600384712,
0.007461590692400932,
0.004129778128117323,
0.04618380218744278,
0.07531161606311798,
0.05233028531074524,
0.04614781588315964,
0.008520622737705708,
-0.05420520156621933,
-0.06855137646198273,
0.04030601680278778,
-0.0006881006411276758,
0.020059164613485336,
0.043621450662612915,
-0.044512998312711716,
-0.024870339781045914,
0.05169804021716118,
0.00840973574668169,
0.03275490552186966,
0.018300365656614304,
-0.04840259253978729,
0.0813698098063469,
0.10777533054351807,
-0.0654030367732048,
0.042146727442741394,
0.022624334320425987,
0.018971635028719902,
0.01956060901284218,
0.07107093185186386,
-0.019691189751029015,
0.02498830109834671,
0.012054621241986752,
0.0400395467877388,
-0.07086428999900818,
-0.013760936446487904,
-0.12552981078624725,
0.01936483383178711,
-0.05874156951904297,
-0.08108492195606232,
0.09682970494031906,
0.018897883594036102,
-0.033905886113643646,
-0.04550423473119736,
0.032927513122558594,
-0.012964068911969662,
0.023222602903842926,
0.0019899781327694654,
0.05068792402744293,
-0.027188139036297798,
0.0379762165248394,
-0.0022886863444000483,
-0.024769660085439682,
-0.010005627758800983,
0.02014370635151863,
-0.04485929012298584,
0.002166586462408304,
-0.02988242171704769,
0.08938312530517578,
0.01628251187503338,
0.019386809319257736,
-0.06222952529788017,
0.003446968737989664,
-0.006765379104763269,
0.017888549715280533,
-0.020952846854925156,
0.01845709979534149,
0.028666164726018906,
-0.031119976192712784,
-0.02312437631189823,
0.008125286549329758,
0.05534043163061142,
-0.060231372714042664,
0.027477819472551346,
0.021841464564204216,
0.02020392008125782,
-0.017367010936141014,
0.002590797608718276,
0.03887529298663139,
-0.0024703219532966614,
0.01817815750837326,
-0.05277322605252266,
0.024858606979250908,
0.03238499537110329,
0.009116233326494694,
-0.0021011964417994022,
-0.002592646749690175,
-0.09666258841753006,
-0.011169040575623512,
-0.0869503915309906,
-0.05104845017194748,
-0.06966082006692886,
0.025958575308322906,
-0.014151220209896564,
-0.034159619361162186,
0.07582961022853851,
0.027210455387830734,
0.022403577342629433,
0.028190646320581436,
0.034414298832416534,
0.009168509393930435,
-0.031161833554506302,
0.006013772916048765,
0.08173994719982147,
-0.0027495555114001036,
0.002086139051243663,
0.047855302691459656,
0.022023795172572136,
0.004392816685140133,
-0.030961671844124794,
0.07049725204706192,
0.0036083455197513103,
-0.010458849370479584,
0.051844459027051926,
-0.009305272251367569,
0.007617497351020575,
-0.009571454487740993,
-0.05177667364478111,
-0.27733558416366577,
-0.07041750103235245,
0.052099257707595825,
-0.007226317655295134,
0.01929723285138607,
-0.03467266261577606,
0.006161002907902002,
-0.08736291527748108,
-0.023219307884573936,
-0.03859652578830719,
0.03869776800274849,
-0.012745872139930725,
-0.0659870132803917,
-0.07923471927642822,
0.00996325258165598,
0.0389157198369503,
0.04802088811993599,
0.013157151639461517,
-0.015642963349819183,
-0.0004056454636156559,
0.03044397011399269,
-0.016271812841296196,
-0.07523249089717865,
0.02099797874689102,
0.12912671267986298,
-0.038150351494550705,
0.12542665004730225,
0.04516340419650078,
-0.01510562188923359,
-0.011733045801520348,
-0.038068316876888275,
0.08608710020780563,
-0.04538150876760483,
-0.11879558861255646,
0.01192308310419321,
0.00028366217156872153,
0.031931884586811066,
-0.0018839543918147683,
-0.02134622074663639,
-0.021653369069099426,
-0.049305450171232224,
0.04646030813455582,
-0.0020061652176082134,
-0.05657408758997917,
-0.06001529097557068,
0.011611571535468102,
-0.0007035512244328856,
-0.043640319257974625,
0.06538258492946625,
0.008886797353625298,
0.02693353220820427,
0.03105757012963295,
-0.011885717511177063,
-0.024285830557346344,
0.034974683076143265,
-0.025803951546549797,
-0.07724492251873016,
0.0005891259061172605,
-0.06225086748600006,
-0.04701599106192589,
0.04381401091814041,
0.001840901793912053,
0.03425535559654236,
-0.056880392134189606,
-0.04524315148591995,
-0.012768883258104324,
0.030256066471338272,
-0.028549497947096825,
0.029972929507493973,
0.030383847653865814,
0.0362279899418354,
0.11290217936038971,
-0.008858718909323215,
0.01597198098897934,
0.03684002161026001,
0.015147182159125805,
-0.025849128141999245,
-0.01762893795967102,
-0.07065670192241669,
0.008925605565309525,
0.008138224482536316,
-0.04651101306080818,
0.040825217962265015,
0.04155769199132919,
-0.059317465871572495,
-0.013241719454526901,
-0.03610098734498024,
0.021770058199763298,
0.1018725112080574,
-0.013736164197325706,
0.026786813512444496,
-0.007289163302630186,
-0.017193494364619255,
-0.03440403565764427,
0.026799948886036873,
0.048065125942230225,
-0.27036359906196594,
0.012173797935247421,
0.04340336471796036,
-0.0027925637550652027,
-0.007059963420033455,
0.021446501836180687,
0.019514814019203186,
0.008052674122154713,
-0.02908451110124588,
0.035516634583473206,
0.012862302362918854,
0.051800619810819626,
0.05699632316827774,
0.010260817594826221,
-0.05622236058115959,
-0.004491351079195738,
0.04064548760652542,
-0.04577191546559334,
0.009894405491650105,
-0.05740584060549736,
-0.04311863332986832,
-0.06605854630470276,
0.11869504302740097,
0.022823596373200417,
-0.02337680011987686,
0.044169988483190536,
-0.0041534448973834515,
0.044910043478012085,
-0.027131689712405205,
-0.005585771519690752,
-0.04700639471411705,
-0.027003474533557892,
0.051408134400844574,
-0.0005366173572838306,
0.010126322507858276,
-0.04597558453679085,
-0.0669013261795044,
0.004857323132455349,
0.008956215344369411,
0.051857832819223404,
-0.06317703425884247,
0.02600143663585186,
-0.007181887049227953,
0.02528516948223114,
0.06295907497406006,
0.013320708647370338,
-0.0677613615989685,
-0.05063951015472412,
-0.020232662558555603,
0.047195106744766235,
-0.00717979995533824,
0.0036256532184779644,
0.0404924675822258,
-0.008026396855711937,
0.03224575147032738,
0.009839316830039024,
0.010563057847321033,
0.030623802915215492,
0.04694683477282524,
-0.024901624768972397,
-0.025637242943048477,
-0.009973262436687946,
-0.0962219387292862,
0.05926385521888733,
0.06971102207899094
] |
PMID:6638 | Time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. | This study was undertaken to establish the time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate diet 2 hours/day for 0 to 10 days (meal-eating). The high speed supernatant fraction from homogenized epididymal fat pads was assayed for citrate cleavage enzyme, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and malic enzyme activities. The effects of meal-feeding on in vitro and in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue as well as the amounts of glycogen deposited in the adipose tissue were measured. During the first 10 days of meal-feeding, the lipogenic enzyme activities were actually decreased or unchanged in the meal-fed rats but during this time the in vitro and in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis were progressively increased in the meal-fed rats. Glycogen levels in the adipose tissue of meal-fed rats were greater than the levels in the nibblers. The initial hyperlipogenesis observed in the meal-fed rat appears to be due to changes in substrate uptake by the adipose tissue and/or to alterations in enzyme activation in the adipose tissue rather than to changes in the quantity of enzyme present in the tissue. | Time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. This study was undertaken to establish the time sequence of lipogenic changes in adipose tissue of rats when converted from ad libitum feeding to meal-eating. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate diet 2 hours/day for 0 to 10 days (meal-eating). The high speed supernatant fraction from homogenized epididymal fat pads was assayed for citrate cleavage enzyme, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and malic enzyme activities. The effects of meal-feeding on in vitro and in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue as well as the amounts of glycogen deposited in the adipose tissue were measured. During the first 10 days of meal-feeding, the lipogenic enzyme activities were actually decreased or unchanged in the meal-fed rats but during this time the in vitro and in vivo rates of fatty acid synthesis were progressively increased in the meal-fed rats. Glycogen levels in the adipose tissue of meal-fed rats were greater than the levels in the nibblers. The initial hyperlipogenesis observed in the meal-fed rat appears to be due to changes in substrate uptake by the adipose tissue and/or to alterations in enzyme activation in the adipose tissue rather than to changes in the quantity of enzyme present in the tissue. | [
0.002575172344222665,
-0.012014166451990604,
0.016422681510448456,
0.026588695123791695,
-0.004778431262820959,
-0.007405017968267202,
0.014014366082847118,
0.019969036802649498,
-0.044628746807575226,
-0.022464781999588013,
0.027828285470604897,
-0.07327373325824738,
-0.03247130289673805,
-0.011923030018806458,
-0.004772004671394825,
-0.06051715463399887,
0.004642677493393421,
-0.01139451190829277,
-0.02575247548520565,
-0.007241950370371342,
0.043117817491292953,
-0.027739061042666435,
0.04238712787628174,
-0.002798571949824691,
0.026214351877570152,
0.007099452894181013,
0.002940791193395853,
-0.009140639565885067,
-0.06759187579154968,
-0.2159513682126999,
0.06576484441757202,
-0.02419091761112213,
0.028528500348329544,
-0.04219988361001015,
-0.002533373422920704,
-0.007140671834349632,
-0.0025957366451621056,
0.010405744425952435,
-0.03378617763519287,
0.025317097082734108,
0.06906744837760925,
0.07453462481498718,
-0.014131222851574421,
0.013399094343185425,
0.04901209846138954,
0.022997526451945305,
-0.029398884624242783,
0.014489890076220036,
0.06150559335947037,
0.014027505181729794,
-0.04171568155288696,
0.022547367960214615,
0.05939953401684761,
0.04872981086373329,
0.02235507406294346,
0.0034263802226632833,
0.03433767706155777,
0.02771330252289772,
0.05699615925550461,
0.01843789778649807,
-0.029759682714939117,
0.0383058562874794,
-0.15499813854694366,
0.092929907143116,
0.00885959342122078,
-0.014320568181574345,
-0.013906307518482208,
-0.00908744242042303,
0.012044645845890045,
0.04452957957983017,
-0.07601442188024521,
0.0506909042596817,
0.01737121306359768,
-0.013752700760960579,
-0.0012583315838128328,
-0.0032868843991309404,
0.023666173219680786,
0.029691828414797783,
-0.02106744423508644,
0.03438616171479225,
0.0004246822791174054,
-0.01990361139178276,
0.01701517030596733,
-0.012251128442585468,
-0.04169689118862152,
-0.028349928557872772,
-0.004907873924821615,
-0.001094348612241447,
-0.010816945694386959,
0.025797581300139427,
-0.050893738865852356,
-0.0436067171394825,
-0.006000983528792858,
0.038253724575042725,
-0.06814480572938919,
0.027292657643556595,
0.005600626580417156,
-0.06176340952515602,
0.009311799891293049,
0.40064769983291626,
-0.011152449995279312,
0.020201358944177628,
-0.06711393594741821,
0.04244489222764969,
-0.03180333599448204,
-0.04641416296362877,
-0.0730903148651123,
0.008251233957707882,
-0.01976311020553112,
0.05976271629333496,
0.03784789517521858,
0.04413286969065666,
0.006971122231334448,
-0.020724378526210785,
-0.020843155682086945,
-0.03902720659971237,
0.06407874077558517,
0.039876870810985565,
0.01012297160923481,
0.08098911494016647,
-0.012329336255788803,
0.013048266991972923,
0.01671549491584301,
-0.04054618999361992,
0.011642434634268284,
0.016754308715462685,
0.017163749784231186,
0.08870134502649307,
0.05075529217720032,
0.006402724888175726,
0.04291960597038269,
0.027451900765299797,
-0.04299156367778778,
-0.03300965949892998,
0.009078721515834332,
0.01968204975128174,
0.08725340664386749,
-0.029039299115538597,
-0.030928730964660645,
-0.028788402676582336,
-0.01852797158062458,
-0.016668861731886864,
-0.0100206658244133,
-0.09145618230104446,
0.009462447836995125,
0.12456730008125305,
0.047640420496463776,
0.041425254195928574,
-0.04741549864411354,
-0.014413440600037575,
0.05079631134867668,
-0.007973505184054375,
0.006604628637433052,
0.0073000784032046795,
0.0019386066123843193,
0.0404040589928627,
0.01985917240381241,
-0.023671753704547882,
0.01004618126899004,
-0.04566623643040657,
-0.07957303524017334,
-0.0416945144534111,
0.010661505162715912,
-0.007985947653651237,
0.07249745726585388,
-0.010788743384182453,
-0.07040137052536011,
0.002643157262355089,
0.07322205603122711,
-0.0006571330013684928,
0.018555307760834694,
-0.015044414438307285,
-0.05109984055161476,
-0.00043576196185313165,
0.006313001271337271,
0.0123279495164752,
0.027811232954263687,
0.02075195498764515,
-0.010216133669018745,
0.010920174419879913,
0.08908094465732574,
-0.10047411918640137,
-0.0288593340665102,
0.03314873203635216,
0.015719151124358177,
-0.021422117948532104,
-0.025612030178308487,
-0.00955811608582735,
0.01697605662047863,
0.020574573427438736,
-0.04372118040919304,
0.005719836335629225,
-0.13487285375595093,
0.007154480554163456,
-0.0456547886133194,
-0.09035462886095047,
-0.01683427207171917,
0.06486856192350388,
0.016030458733439445,
-0.013587582856416702,
0.06388691812753677,
-0.036598287522792816,
0.03586823493242264,
0.016357187181711197,
0.05017491430044174,
-0.010759769938886166,
0.009229441173374653,
-0.019695641472935677,
0.07888710498809814,
0.0229682344943285,
-0.05301739647984505,
0.02777084708213806,
-0.044995639473199844,
0.031664248555898666,
-0.037474147975444794,
0.042713675647974014,
0.034153711050748825,
0.008524668402969837,
0.0486004538834095,
0.030126096680760384,
0.013668019324541092,
-0.042000651359558105,
-0.0065060206688940525,
-0.31051763892173767,
-0.04978088289499283,
0.030104298144578934,
-0.02385987900197506,
-0.003111744299530983,
-0.01219604816287756,
-0.004696650430560112,
-0.07779549807310104,
0.014529799111187458,
-0.035175055265426636,
0.027190564200282097,
0.04153421148657799,
-0.0407402329146862,
0.017819952219724655,
-0.0021262350492179394,
0.031068505719304085,
0.02100852131843567,
-0.03149576112627983,
0.008667516522109509,
-0.012972486205399036,
0.004317925311625004,
-0.06126784533262253,
0.009909512475132942,
-0.0005715630832128227,
0.09561518579721451,
0.0077129690907895565,
0.09844750165939331,
0.01893823966383934,
0.013366038911044598,
0.002362115541473031,
0.004355741199105978,
0.015821995213627815,
-0.005693220067769289,
-0.12323489785194397,
0.007011233828961849,
-0.03276536613702774,
-0.018513647839426994,
-0.052349697798490524,
0.0020360853523015976,
-0.024693774059414864,
-0.06996112316846848,
-0.02229086123406887,
-0.0314304456114769,
-0.06330018490552902,
-0.07106510549783707,
0.018025584518909454,
-0.005721414927393198,
0.008393577300012112,
0.03842349722981453,
0.002362407511100173,
0.042621586471796036,
-0.016824545338749886,
-0.047542672604322433,
0.03372391685843468,
-0.015800921246409416,
-0.021738430485129356,
-0.013105903752148151,
0.03275057673454285,
-0.043855562806129456,
0.0008288887329399586,
-0.018351027742028236,
0.01072177104651928,
-0.022416403517127037,
-0.01240188255906105,
0.03242919594049454,
0.02524429000914097,
-0.01195485983043909,
-0.023958450183272362,
-0.043274492025375366,
0.02819596603512764,
0.02723720297217369,
0.07382093369960785,
-0.021106034517288208,
-0.006622612942010164,
0.07402977347373962,
0.015440850518643856,
-0.03176967054605484,
-0.04478409141302109,
-0.09965776652097702,
-0.007431341335177422,
0.006841736380010843,
-0.021593885496258736,
0.04920881986618042,
0.01503124088048935,
0.02034284919500351,
0.003610780695453286,
-0.01969171315431595,
-0.022306453436613083,
0.014696482568979263,
0.052262309938669205,
0.053448621183633804,
0.01597023196518421,
-0.06071018800139427,
-0.01671067252755165,
0.06391217559576035,
0.04799320548772812,
-0.30888745188713074,
0.05104918032884598,
0.009324907325208187,
-0.011218251660466194,
0.01036731619387865,
0.006058520171791315,
-0.002671379828825593,
0.021129846572875977,
-0.07747770100831985,
0.04849589616060257,
-0.024832557886838913,
0.008945963345468044,
0.06244988739490509,
0.04710501432418823,
0.0006716580828651786,
0.018521754071116447,
0.03042372316122055,
0.010416253469884396,
0.010799707844853401,
-0.0573919452726841,
-0.019650336354970932,
-0.0584249272942543,
0.14555205404758453,
-0.017761312425136566,
-0.0285537950694561,
0.02693016268312931,
-0.018348345533013344,
-0.006920585408806801,
0.03490351513028145,
0.02634475566446781,
0.0106643196195364,
0.009587938897311687,
0.052333757281303406,
0.0026506572030484676,
-0.01044380757957697,
0.0932789295911789,
-0.014007283374667168,
0.007077962160110474,
-0.05638730898499489,
0.024651668965816498,
0.03279435634613037,
-0.008702016435563564,
-0.0316045805811882,
-0.009282011538743973,
0.021856555715203285,
-0.044863782823085785,
-0.00936057697981596,
-0.05558260902762413,
-0.000007662885764148086,
0.008192405104637146,
-0.009065024554729462,
-0.07498815655708313,
0.005554483737796545,
0.03622940555214882,
0.012470263056457043,
-0.03563905879855156,
-0.0257667638361454,
-0.00345985172316432,
-0.0083503732457757,
0.026128768920898438,
0.03942558169364929,
0.014788479544222355,
-0.05274872109293938,
0.07259839028120041,
0.025983957573771477
] |
PMID:6639 | Guanosine nucleotide precursor for flavinogenesis of Eremothecium Ashbyii. | The purine precursor in the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway in Eremothecium ashbyii was examined using a guanine analogue, 8-azaguanine, with non-growing cell systems. 1. Riboflavin formation in the culture filtrate was determined at 0, 5, 10 and 20 hr after start of the incubation of the non-growing cells in the presence of xanthine or 8-azaguanine (1 mM, respectively). At 20 hr of incubation, the addition of xanthine stimulated riboflavin formation by 36% and the addition of 8-azaguanine inhibited the formation by 57%. 2. Acid soluble nucleotide pools in the cells were followed at 0, 5, 10 and 20 hr of the incubation period in the presence of xanthine or 8-azaguanine by means of anion exchange column chromatography. The result showed that the GTP pool changed markedly despite the fact that the adenosine nucleotide pool was almost constant irrespective of the presence or absence of these purines till 10 hr of incubation. But, the decrease of the former was overcome in part by the addition of flavinogenic xanthine. Furthermore, the total amounts of GTP and guanosine accumulated in cells in the presence of 8-azaguanine reached the maximum already at 5 hr, attaining a level twice as much as the GTP contents of the control. 3. The role of guanosine nucleotide pool in riboflavin formation was further examined using 8-azaguanine. In this experiment the drug was added to the suspension of non-growing cells at 3 hr or 6 hr after the incubation was started and the reaction was continued till the 12th hr. A more clear-cut correlationship between riboflavin formation and guanosine nucleotide pool was oberved by this experiment. The guanosine nucleotide pool (consisting of GMP, GDP and GTP) increased simultaneously with the inhibition of riboflavin formation. Of the guanosine nucleotides pools, the GMP pool increased 2.7 times above normal upon the addition of 8-azaguanine during the incubation for 6 hr and 5.3 fold for 9 hr. While, the GTP pool increased 1.9 fold above normal for 6 hrs' incubation in the supplementation of this drug but decreased to one-half of the normal at the incubation period of 9 hr. In these cases, the decreased amounts of GTP were equal to the increased amounts of GMP during the incubation periods of 6 hr and 9 hr in the presence of added 8-azaguanine. 4. The above results suggest strongly that GTP is an immediate precursor of riboflavin in the form of nucleotide. | Guanosine nucleotide precursor for flavinogenesis of Eremothecium Ashbyii. The purine precursor in the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway in Eremothecium ashbyii was examined using a guanine analogue, 8-azaguanine, with non-growing cell systems. 1. Riboflavin formation in the culture filtrate was determined at 0, 5, 10 and 20 hr after start of the incubation of the non-growing cells in the presence of xanthine or 8-azaguanine (1 mM, respectively). At 20 hr of incubation, the addition of xanthine stimulated riboflavin formation by 36% and the addition of 8-azaguanine inhibited the formation by 57%. 2. Acid soluble nucleotide pools in the cells were followed at 0, 5, 10 and 20 hr of the incubation period in the presence of xanthine or 8-azaguanine by means of anion exchange column chromatography. The result showed that the GTP pool changed markedly despite the fact that the adenosine nucleotide pool was almost constant irrespective of the presence or absence of these purines till 10 hr of incubation. But, the decrease of the former was overcome in part by the addition of flavinogenic xanthine. Furthermore, the total amounts of GTP and guanosine accumulated in cells in the presence of 8-azaguanine reached the maximum already at 5 hr, attaining a level twice as much as the GTP contents of the control. 3. The role of guanosine nucleotide pool in riboflavin formation was further examined using 8-azaguanine. In this experiment the drug was added to the suspension of non-growing cells at 3 hr or 6 hr after the incubation was started and the reaction was continued till the 12th hr. A more clear-cut correlationship between riboflavin formation and guanosine nucleotide pool was oberved by this experiment. The guanosine nucleotide pool (consisting of GMP, GDP and GTP) increased simultaneously with the inhibition of riboflavin formation. Of the guanosine nucleotides pools, the GMP pool increased 2.7 times above normal upon the addition of 8-azaguanine during the incubation for 6 hr and 5.3 fold for 9 hr. While, the GTP pool increased 1.9 fold above normal for 6 hrs' incubation in the supplementation of this drug but decreased to one-half of the normal at the incubation period of 9 hr. In these cases, the decreased amounts of GTP were equal to the increased amounts of GMP during the incubation periods of 6 hr and 9 hr in the presence of added 8-azaguanine. 4. The above results suggest strongly that GTP is an immediate precursor of riboflavin in the form of nucleotide. | [
-0.048766862601041794,
-0.038845714181661606,
-0.002755243331193924,
0.002876457292586565,
0.06294642388820648,
0.02442358061671257,
0.00869736261665821,
0.03388848155736923,
-0.02712438628077507,
0.015724068507552147,
0.024527553468942642,
-0.05895976349711418,
-0.02319546602666378,
-0.05617945268750191,
-0.05276991426944733,
-0.019790304824709892,
-0.019807398319244385,
0.008204031735658646,
-0.0479767806828022,
0.023742787539958954,
-0.029992109164595604,
-0.022861303761601448,
0.04889458417892456,
-0.03575187176465988,
0.00863595400005579,
0.02908914163708687,
0.00833485834300518,
-0.007499604485929012,
-0.03216272220015526,
-0.2220650017261505,
0.02118830382823944,
-0.004178806208074093,
0.055236514657735825,
-0.0388002023100853,
-0.07315625250339508,
0.03888102248311043,
-0.043979041278362274,
-0.05732419341802597,
-0.03403877839446068,
0.08191478997468948,
0.035609833896160126,
0.041600558906793594,
-0.05891405791044235,
0.023400776088237762,
-0.014209996908903122,
0.04002510383725166,
-0.03876136615872383,
0.02707316167652607,
0.09488048404455185,
-0.024461016058921814,
-0.02344254031777382,
-0.03980720043182373,
0.013169799000024796,
-0.0006655773031525314,
-0.009855974465608597,
0.027651874348521233,
0.037452664226293564,
0.02314532920718193,
-0.0719219520688057,
0.03332110866904259,
-0.0015403574798256159,
0.006877371110022068,
-0.1410219967365265,
0.03985464945435524,
0.06730854511260986,
-0.04703806713223457,
-0.013671486638486385,
-0.044646255671978,
0.040579404681921005,
0.026302659884095192,
-0.025503449141979218,
0.05387066304683685,
-0.05078474059700966,
0.03403215855360031,
-0.0008811829029582441,
0.01931789703667164,
0.008260614238679409,
-0.009671257808804512,
0.06315222382545471,
-0.00457486417144537,
-0.01648261956870556,
0.014254200272262096,
-0.04545099288225174,
-0.011972948908805847,
-0.02402397058904171,
0.0031454195268452168,
-0.0220634825527668,
-0.03886948153376579,
-0.0088937534019351,
0.04635874927043915,
0.021045884117484093,
-0.04479646310210228,
0.0003234962932765484,
-0.014430160634219646,
-0.0861404687166214,
-0.005791438277810812,
0.0036255382001399994,
-0.012459991499781609,
0.049097657203674316,
0.36248674988746643,
0.001610449398867786,
0.024443337693810463,
-0.04532727599143982,
0.02353837341070175,
0.01735556870698929,
-0.050509605556726456,
-0.07330699265003204,
0.0052746064029634,
0.03272771090269089,
0.024649376049637794,
0.07973804324865341,
-0.013348561711609364,
0.05742323398590088,
-0.03976471349596977,
0.00549505278468132,
0.04872378706932068,
0.02444121055305004,
0.005673592910170555,
-0.07802975177764893,
0.04324914887547493,
-0.00019299096311442554,
-0.03222682327032089,
0.04347579926252365,
-0.014244909398257732,
0.045520659536123276,
0.0341036282479763,
-0.056526172906160355,
0.08293025195598602,
0.0479419007897377,
-0.016291171312332153,
0.09828370064496994,
0.03732610121369362,
-0.012393147684633732,
0.02938068099319935,
0.04039983078837395,
-0.03837832435965538,
0.04555376619100571,
-0.0430247001349926,
0.027890153229236603,
-0.035277221351861954,
-0.03665255382657051,
-0.04762681573629379,
-0.0853433683514595,
-0.0888461247086525,
-0.06686709821224213,
0.08064274489879608,
0.0012121198233217,
0.056290168315172195,
0.029288500547409058,
-0.01655171439051628,
-0.018745174631476402,
0.04661274328827858,
0.022422857582569122,
-0.03848637267947197,
-0.03058583103120327,
0.023958636447787285,
-0.058952026069164276,
0.012320690788328648,
-0.00115403241943568,
-0.022104399278759956,
-0.101280577480793,
-0.029504526406526566,
0.04060240834951401,
0.08089645951986313,
0.0032500161323696375,
-0.03061596490442753,
-0.04013155773282051,
0.03885859251022339,
0.01727704331278801,
-0.011407076381146908,
-0.0019110515713691711,
-0.0335533544421196,
0.01240033470094204,
-0.055718161165714264,
0.025342345237731934,
-0.0005519540281966329,
0.00685679679736495,
0.0068495809100568295,
0.04215081036090851,
-0.003019537078216672,
0.035091619938611984,
0.014687173999845982,
-0.026232054457068443,
0.003071891376748681,
0.035409484058618546,
-0.0558382011950016,
-0.03786732628941536,
0.026008466258645058,
-0.03976956009864807,
0.03460464999079704,
-0.07161622494459152,
0.020450064912438393,
-0.06028403714299202,
0.02481326460838318,
0.006939163897186518,
-0.05104193091392517,
-0.005334933288395405,
-0.004462190438061953,
0.01610437035560608,
-0.034858472645282745,
0.06403714418411255,
0.017571303993463516,
0.03258020430803299,
0.06386390328407288,
-0.018592996522784233,
0.022636383771896362,
0.019434640184044838,
0.07834850251674652,
0.054910361766815186,
0.024616055190563202,
-0.02567056566476822,
0.011013179086148739,
-0.03401036560535431,
0.04029445722699165,
-0.07244259119033813,
0.04836919903755188,
-0.05826835706830025,
0.04723288118839264,
0.021142631769180298,
0.023327143862843513,
0.026998816058039665,
-0.0877058357000351,
-0.03346099331974983,
-0.3202030062675476,
-0.013697823509573936,
0.008063800632953644,
-0.03350222483277321,
0.02920890599489212,
-0.014393988065421581,
0.0022423265036195517,
-0.006144568789750338,
0.0009946279460564256,
-0.04258351027965546,
0.04833148047327995,
0.06190424785017967,
0.0036195830907672644,
-0.042015254497528076,
-0.020600266754627228,
0.024483948945999146,
0.03050851635634899,
0.00005754606536356732,
0.03757556155323982,
0.0245069470256567,
0.012541299685835838,
-0.005810145288705826,
-0.012534351088106632,
0.07416502386331558,
0.03764517977833748,
-0.05722832307219505,
0.09921081364154816,
0.045224107801914215,
0.005387603770941496,
-0.028600523248314857,
-0.006865967996418476,
0.025014301761984825,
-0.02247460000216961,
-0.0658796951174736,
-0.046017471700906754,
0.026785215362906456,
-0.018947772681713104,
0.018443197011947632,
0.043545786291360855,
-0.019997593015432358,
0.04343225434422493,
0.04031945392489433,
-0.015359001234173775,
-0.06819532066583633,
-0.006370019167661667,
-0.030261851847171783,
-0.028273344039916992,
0.03277043253183365,
0.038944900035858154,
-0.031091343611478806,
0.05949831381440163,
0.029843337833881378,
0.04444707930088043,
0.017637064680457115,
-0.01438902784138918,
-0.023647600784897804,
-0.06023173779249191,
0.02822522073984146,
-0.05756942182779312,
0.01442239060997963,
0.035113390535116196,
-0.008790937252342701,
-0.019642775878310204,
0.011259284801781178,
0.03062651865184307,
-0.0030592214316129684,
0.027045009657740593,
-0.03652641549706459,
0.09589409828186035,
-0.011361862532794476,
0.010469489730894566,
0.10328048467636108,
-0.008905243128538132,
0.01579752378165722,
0.021232591941952705,
-0.03364839777350426,
-0.028885994106531143,
-0.05317603424191475,
-0.035624027252197266,
0.006826064549386501,
0.015084234066307545,
-0.020693475380539894,
0.050046373158693314,
-0.02239583432674408,
-0.022526435554027557,
0.02553548291325569,
-0.0009335851646028459,
-0.013682706281542778,
0.07890228182077408,
-0.00023747638624627143,
0.029387949034571648,
-0.05171532556414604,
0.010166512802243233,
-0.03966233879327774,
0.10288520902395248,
0.034513987600803375,
-0.2865358889102936,
0.044620126485824585,
0.01633572205901146,
-0.021282212808728218,
-0.034111469984054565,
0.0009538751328364015,
0.023193789646029472,
-0.03044752962887287,
-0.03151664510369301,
0.028618335723876953,
0.008757807314395905,
0.0063265482895076275,
0.07348977774381638,
0.06742716580629349,
-0.0051344940438866615,
0.02192317508161068,
0.07040969282388687,
-0.022665517404675484,
-0.014602601528167725,
-0.0037894875276833773,
0.033976271748542786,
-0.0252517182379961,
0.12404708564281464,
-0.0029626337345689535,
-0.011388618499040604,
0.029516637325286865,
-0.009274376556277275,
0.016133902594447136,
-0.04368924722075462,
0.03808308020234108,
-0.014069636352360249,
0.0641222819685936,
0.10047703981399536,
-0.03812536597251892,
0.0395033061504364,
0.05540812388062477,
-0.02339407429099083,
0.019694557413458824,
-0.04346117004752159,
-0.012400917708873749,
-0.04581037536263466,
-0.020324867218732834,
-0.04859223589301109,
0.006605150178074837,
0.061705686151981354,
-0.11379043012857437,
-0.023444704711437225,
-0.059039156883955,
0.004265051335096359,
0.012840298935770988,
-0.05174575001001358,
-0.0002484144060872495,
0.01768089458346367,
0.015603432431817055,
-0.03611808270215988,
-0.024246307089924812,
-0.04262946918606758,
0.005261730402708054,
0.032885607331991196,
-0.01832428202033043,
-0.010537893511354923,
-0.011227957904338837,
-0.010099487379193306,
0.1132599338889122,
-0.024903621524572372
] |
PMID:6640 | Lysozyme damage caused by secondary degradation products during the autoxidation process of linoleic acid. | Autoxidized LA is classified into four groups, LA, LAHPO, SP and FP. Lysozyme is inactivated by these products in the increasing order as follows: FP less than LA less than LAHPO less than SP. The effects of these products on the amino acid composition of lysozyme is examined. All kinds of amino acid residues were not damaged until lysozyme was incubated with LA and LAHPO at 45 degrees C for 100 days. The susceptible amino acid residues attacked by the autoxidized products are tryptophan, lysine and histidine. The specific loss of methionine by SP occurs during acid-hydrolysis. The effect of SP was the strongest among the autoxidized products. FP was almost noneffective. The destructive actions of BP, MA and PA were compared with those of autoxidized products. Effects of these compounds did not resemble those of autoxidized products. It was concluded that tryptophan, lysine and histidine residues were specifically attacked by SP. | Lysozyme damage caused by secondary degradation products during the autoxidation process of linoleic acid. Autoxidized LA is classified into four groups, LA, LAHPO, SP and FP. Lysozyme is inactivated by these products in the increasing order as follows: FP less than LA less than LAHPO less than SP. The effects of these products on the amino acid composition of lysozyme is examined. All kinds of amino acid residues were not damaged until lysozyme was incubated with LA and LAHPO at 45 degrees C for 100 days. The susceptible amino acid residues attacked by the autoxidized products are tryptophan, lysine and histidine. The specific loss of methionine by SP occurs during acid-hydrolysis. The effect of SP was the strongest among the autoxidized products. FP was almost noneffective. The destructive actions of BP, MA and PA were compared with those of autoxidized products. Effects of these compounds did not resemble those of autoxidized products. It was concluded that tryptophan, lysine and histidine residues were specifically attacked by SP. | [
-0.07511048763990402,
-0.04566354304552078,
0.023058708757162094,
0.01527185644954443,
0.012655793689191341,
-0.04263564571738243,
0.06747349351644516,
0.02008475735783577,
-0.05931422486901283,
-0.06701374799013138,
0.06831524521112442,
-0.028513504192233086,
0.056150637567043304,
0.02827424369752407,
-0.030052637681365013,
-0.070711649954319,
-0.025063464418053627,
0.03135460242629051,
-0.07290291041135788,
-0.04085638374090195,
0.00262563512660563,
-0.005750718526542187,
-0.0008110936614684761,
-0.0040053389966487885,
0.038259923458099365,
0.05882549658417702,
0.02295704185962677,
0.05704990401864052,
-0.057619936764240265,
-0.22131942212581635,
0.02365717664361,
0.03407427296042442,
0.015554694458842278,
-0.05144238471984863,
-0.04770413786172867,
0.05616890639066696,
-0.062130481004714966,
-0.01656271703541279,
-0.02231004275381565,
0.02266944758594036,
0.055009640753269196,
0.028915701434016228,
0.006610643118619919,
-0.03165309876203537,
0.05233947932720184,
-0.01396309956908226,
-0.025815153494477272,
-0.00965957622975111,
0.09395740926265717,
0.02062261663377285,
-0.013155143707990646,
0.0481962114572525,
0.039445165544748306,
0.02077232487499714,
0.010403170250356197,
-0.04772162064909935,
0.017103489488363266,
-0.007514942437410355,
-0.02067427709698677,
0.009013130329549313,
-0.010493488050997257,
0.03627442941069603,
-0.11916930973529816,
0.03585149720311165,
0.03786862641572952,
0.07464884221553802,
-0.03607393801212311,
-0.007067488972097635,
0.025349754840135574,
0.03579039126634598,
-0.08624950796365738,
0.050952665507793427,
-0.015229372307658195,
0.03525480255484581,
0.004041816107928753,
0.016623767092823982,
-0.033253755420446396,
-0.025930723175406456,
0.01664942130446434,
0.023473206907510757,
0.024698222056031227,
-0.02077176235616207,
0.019434651359915733,
-0.011915658600628376,
-0.05105056241154671,
-0.01777656190097332,
0.022609736770391464,
0.0009216198814101517,
0.06732995808124542,
0.07023147493600845,
0.04590950533747673,
-0.026862315833568573,
0.09440303593873978,
0.006772986613214016,
-0.039163071662187576,
0.029924679547548294,
-0.014322851784527302,
-0.04283880814909935,
0.028680123388767242,
0.35999614000320435,
-0.06065189093351364,
0.03415213152766228,
-0.020685136318206787,
-0.026337632909417152,
-0.0021244657691568136,
-0.03944503143429756,
-0.04207361862063408,
0.028381479904055595,
0.012771880254149437,
-0.004325818736106157,
0.06451744586229324,
0.01735713891685009,
0.010026967152953148,
-0.0323670394718647,
-0.035626452416181564,
-0.01836310513317585,
0.04410942271351814,
-0.01169989351183176,
-0.011063157580792904,
0.056578315794467926,
0.016572721302509308,
0.004453693516552448,
0.057047612965106964,
0.003947904333472252,
-0.025554779917001724,
0.03344128653407097,
0.019696712493896484,
0.07255538552999496,
0.06529336422681808,
0.005429702810943127,
-0.010324650444090366,
-0.01910095475614071,
0.02858094312250614,
-0.003733847290277481,
0.012719735503196716,
-0.0018699971260502934,
-0.01172886323183775,
-0.008331739343702793,
0.030084840953350067,
0.015743302181363106,
0.009761090390384197,
-0.04437798634171486,
-0.062033601105213165,
-0.05922902375459671,
0.016096653416752815,
0.09016279876232147,
-0.03878253698348999,
-0.010064196772873402,
-0.03706689924001694,
-0.003950195387005806,
0.0011286957887932658,
-0.011027364060282707,
-0.018482103943824768,
0.06123879551887512,
-0.014178917743265629,
0.05421476066112518,
-0.004291212651878595,
-0.03534676879644394,
-0.012142358347773552,
0.018658196553587914,
-0.056904688477516174,
-0.04564034938812256,
0.017114708200097084,
0.043597832322120667,
0.0020764246582984924,
0.03372858837246895,
-0.0432746522128582,
-0.017968477681279182,
0.0068937730975449085,
0.0012579694157466292,
0.03736390545964241,
0.019255083054304123,
-0.04321475699543953,
-0.034313444048166275,
-0.04303084313869476,
0.06063151732087135,
0.0844215601682663,
0.018680008128285408,
0.0033686156384646893,
0.04498293995857239,
0.03362273424863815,
0.01751791685819626,
-0.024921981617808342,
0.0065362039022147655,
0.06065526604652405,
-0.08275651186704636,
-0.08289927989244461,
0.053026966750621796,
-0.021050971001386642,
0.010149790905416012,
-0.038840461522340775,
-0.01548201683908701,
-0.11718705296516418,
0.0010509210405871272,
-0.047764383256435394,
-0.023756027221679688,
-0.05971888080239296,
0.012303389608860016,
0.046435415744781494,
0.001349477213807404,
0.10306896269321442,
0.04537466540932655,
0.012791723944246769,
0.03402319550514221,
0.004238791298121214,
0.0009976933943107724,
-0.010107830166816711,
-0.037028197199106216,
0.002095721196383238,
-0.024120837450027466,
-0.030938223004341125,
-0.002936884295195341,
-0.06530291587114334,
0.027642281726002693,
-0.005050249397754669,
0.00026549320318736136,
0.002309803618118167,
-0.03574000671505928,
0.04693806916475296,
-0.002078002318739891,
0.035093411803245544,
-0.0177572313696146,
-0.045791465789079666,
-0.302926242351532,
-0.06146056577563286,
0.0131661556661129,
-0.05655115470290184,
0.04275764152407646,
-0.050023145973682404,
-0.013395700603723526,
-0.01765320636332035,
0.02650403045117855,
-0.005940317641943693,
0.03807170316576958,
0.016622493043541908,
0.011601041071116924,
-0.014440140686929226,
0.030918415635824203,
0.00891609862446785,
0.06721033155918121,
-0.05083700269460678,
0.045542161911726,
0.0830274447798729,
-0.010280514135956764,
-0.047078683972358704,
-0.006386470515280962,
0.007213317323476076,
0.04078076034784317,
-0.022081663832068443,
0.11209814995527267,
-0.0033009229227900505,
-0.037783797830343246,
-0.053884122520685196,
0.017296865582466125,
0.10965577512979507,
-0.11197634041309357,
-0.03945400193333626,
0.0009177282336167991,
0.000142329212394543,
-0.01019272767007351,
-0.04538043215870857,
-0.0032756244763731956,
-0.0421157106757164,
-0.07223482429981232,
0.04004685953259468,
0.007722494658082724,
-0.08077500760555267,
-0.04043944180011749,
-0.04535543918609619,
-0.009714785031974316,
0.02199389599263668,
-0.004260786809027195,
0.009562269784510136,
0.00009547241643304005,
0.026857905089855194,
-0.0033881203271448612,
0.06050783395767212,
0.039704155176877975,
0.016552573069930077,
-0.09168936312198639,
0.004210590850561857,
-0.04753528907895088,
-0.000393566966522485,
-0.00581787433475256,
0.00982277188450098,
0.007877267897129059,
-0.011026577092707157,
0.029204178601503372,
-0.061919376254081726,
0.019895870238542557,
-0.03774280846118927,
0.021572330966591835,
0.0009216506732627749,
0.010745054110884666,
0.09881938248872757,
-0.05855197831988335,
-0.04991799592971802,
0.054394543170928955,
0.017726687714457512,
-0.024486035108566284,
-0.05738060548901558,
-0.04687412455677986,
0.014428538270294666,
0.03430971875786781,
0.00009500188753008842,
0.04697885364294052,
0.015649892389774323,
0.028069451451301575,
0.013762828893959522,
-0.019685503095388412,
-0.016421610489487648,
-0.011854157783091068,
0.028619132936000824,
0.0018926974153146148,
-0.03746237978339195,
-0.04481577128171921,
-0.011871187016367912,
0.02568039298057556,
0.05973784625530243,
-0.25005659461021423,
0.045687489211559296,
0.043757952749729156,
0.040390171110630035,
-0.031216653063893318,
0.01953463815152645,
-0.04108714684844017,
0.00412067212164402,
-0.005408105440437794,
0.087433822453022,
-0.06088142469525337,
0.014105385169386864,
0.039280571043491364,
-0.042432475835084915,
-0.010746045038104057,
-0.010681797750294209,
0.0245333481580019,
0.05115530267357826,
0.05587172508239746,
-0.019622594118118286,
-0.03652749955654144,
-0.013738182373344898,
0.1524452269077301,
0.03292466327548027,
-0.01780497096478939,
0.02262222021818161,
-0.0070696561597287655,
0.0823737382888794,
-0.08839749544858932,
0.0535927377641201,
-0.02174503169953823,
0.07312387228012085,
0.07208364456892014,
0.015365433879196644,
-0.0007922221557237208,
0.039934251457452774,
-0.05212448537349701,
-0.06182844564318657,
-0.029483817517757416,
0.031340766698122025,
0.020608993247151375,
-0.00951356254518032,
-0.08818180114030838,
-0.01831546612083912,
0.0324484147131443,
-0.06008131429553032,
-0.05606173723936081,
-0.04502250254154205,
-0.02172781713306904,
0.020189499482512474,
0.021558789536356926,
-0.07466032356023788,
0.00926157832145691,
0.03846519812941551,
-0.013418440707027912,
-0.03767218813300133,
-0.04569883644580841,
0.061322711408138275,
-0.014939861372113228,
0.05062076076865196,
0.05011017993092537,
0.00927788857370615,
-0.05329488217830658,
0.09452912956476212,
0.05581790953874588
] |
PMID:6642 | Hypomagnesemia in infants of diabetic mothers: perinatal studies. | Fifty-six diabetic mothers and their infants were studied prospectively from birth. Twenty-one of 56 IDM had serum Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl, on at least one occasion during the first 3 days. Serum Mg in these hypomagnesemic infants did not demonstrate the normal increase with postnatal age that was present in normomagnesemic infants. Decreased neonatal serum Mg was related to increased severity of maternal diabetes, young mothers, mothers for lower gravidity, and prematurity. Decreased serum Mg, alone or with decreased ionized or total Ca, did not correlate with neuromuscular irritability in the infants. Decreased serum Mg in IDM was associated with decreased maternal serum Mg, decreased neonatal ionized and total Ca, increased serum P, and decreased parathyroid function. Serum Mg was not related to dietary P intake, or urinary Ca or P excretion. Thus, transitory neonatal hypomagnesemia occurs in IDM; it is speculated that factors causing HM might include maternal HM or neonatal hyperphosphatemia, and that the HM is related to the hypocalcemia and functional hypoparathyroidism of IDM. | Hypomagnesemia in infants of diabetic mothers: perinatal studies. Fifty-six diabetic mothers and their infants were studied prospectively from birth. Twenty-one of 56 IDM had serum Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl, on at least one occasion during the first 3 days. Serum Mg in these hypomagnesemic infants did not demonstrate the normal increase with postnatal age that was present in normomagnesemic infants. Decreased neonatal serum Mg was related to increased severity of maternal diabetes, young mothers, mothers for lower gravidity, and prematurity. Decreased serum Mg, alone or with decreased ionized or total Ca, did not correlate with neuromuscular irritability in the infants. Decreased serum Mg in IDM was associated with decreased maternal serum Mg, decreased neonatal ionized and total Ca, increased serum P, and decreased parathyroid function. Serum Mg was not related to dietary P intake, or urinary Ca or P excretion. Thus, transitory neonatal hypomagnesemia occurs in IDM; it is speculated that factors causing HM might include maternal HM or neonatal hyperphosphatemia, and that the HM is related to the hypocalcemia and functional hypoparathyroidism of IDM. | [
-0.01062220148742199,
0.046475835144519806,
0.0012101636966690421,
0.024162888526916504,
-0.001208193483762443,
0.03292178362607956,
0.050860267132520676,
0.05637277290225029,
-0.06675136834383011,
-0.021228795871138573,
0.013479862362146378,
-0.09656856954097748,
0.002249192213639617,
0.026902640238404274,
-0.018696371465921402,
0.014416231773793697,
0.01877767965197563,
-0.03298323601484299,
-0.08680499345064163,
0.04864118993282318,
0.007404286414384842,
-0.04880162328481674,
0.033036068081855774,
0.037495698779821396,
0.10974283516407013,
0.04055965691804886,
0.0042023430578410625,
0.05446052923798561,
-0.07726994901895523,
-0.1614386886358261,
0.033327944576740265,
0.022343214601278305,
0.05625605955719948,
-0.022283483296632767,
-0.006178869400173426,
0.015126681886613369,
-0.02867705188691616,
0.07089903950691223,
-0.05651455745100975,
0.032656505703926086,
0.01887824945151806,
-0.016528794541954994,
0.035343900322914124,
0.023536566644906998,
-0.04205555096268654,
-0.012481500394642353,
-0.017033636569976807,
0.006040298845618963,
0.06863843649625778,
0.07829874008893967,
-0.005688607692718506,
0.038329824805259705,
0.03986339271068573,
0.096056267619133,
-0.02765839919447899,
0.03462078794836998,
0.02725471742451191,
-0.05240374431014061,
0.008463856764137745,
0.06649370491504669,
0.03739097714424133,
0.06745516508817673,
-0.13280203938484192,
0.03187155723571777,
0.07825449854135513,
0.03734331578016281,
-0.033456526696681976,
-0.04363870993256569,
0.0010924279922619462,
0.005452342797070742,
-0.02287776954472065,
0.050929490476846695,
0.030081434175372124,
0.015192655846476555,
-0.001679976936429739,
-0.06275837123394012,
0.052496928721666336,
-0.007161690387874842,
0.05834553390741348,
0.015613170340657234,
-0.05757836997509003,
-0.013795055449008942,
-0.0011198442662134767,
-0.037478722631931305,
0.034765519201755524,
-0.03924068808555603,
0.016185028478503227,
-0.0329727977514267,
-0.0011197321582585573,
-0.017701739445328712,
-0.040935032069683075,
-0.05893697589635849,
-0.07708687335252762,
0.029708638787269592,
-0.06565435975790024,
0.05389005318284035,
0.0416426844894886,
-0.03282653167843819,
-0.09311413019895554,
0.4039236307144165,
-0.020201047882437706,
0.036656301468610764,
-0.05726766213774681,
-0.00904163345694542,
-0.06460104137659073,
0.012777581810951233,
0.005245950073003769,
-0.014129798859357834,
-0.034026939421892166,
0.031176317483186722,
0.02321668528020382,
-0.02005317062139511,
0.04520036280155182,
-0.10309330374002457,
-0.009624377824366093,
-0.044003479182720184,
0.05448069050908089,
0.04676929861307144,
0.0061974176205694675,
0.07328134030103683,
0.0034199615474790335,
0.015223844908177853,
0.03894712030887604,
-0.017536615952849388,
0.07365017384290695,
-0.03190731629729271,
-0.04513564705848694,
0.09512068331241608,
-0.0009721742244437337,
-0.008262650109827518,
0.028821058571338654,
0.005327305756509304,
-0.0930912122130394,
-0.02112565189599991,
0.046697456389665604,
-0.03068149834871292,
0.009567005559802055,
-0.05469159409403801,
0.053025323897600174,
-0.009539265185594559,
-0.049911558628082275,
-0.05322084575891495,
-0.054616428911685944,
-0.047665417194366455,
-0.009285151958465576,
0.09409161657094955,
0.008039511740207672,
0.00878052692860365,
-0.012670857831835747,
0.00021958186698611826,
0.01611432246863842,
0.0640643909573555,
0.019355280324816704,
0.0028258126694709063,
0.013065075501799583,
-0.00851599033921957,
-0.011920549906790257,
-0.004098151344805956,
0.013383621349930763,
-0.04214878007769585,
0.014246609061956406,
-0.07926081866025925,
0.036515358835458755,
0.029816405847668648,
0.005289146676659584,
0.008554836735129356,
-0.02044149488210678,
-0.031254734843969345,
-0.033888936042785645,
-0.03972907364368439,
0.028748847544193268,
0.04261115938425064,
-0.024570243433117867,
-0.054078880697488785,
0.04867687448859215,
-0.04285662993788719,
-0.016346095129847527,
0.018816659227013588,
-0.061409056186676025,
-0.04590216279029846,
0.020471205934882164,
0.0060165743343532085,
0.052804090082645416,
-0.006697407923638821,
0.03739125281572342,
-0.047927599400281906,
-0.04726048558950424,
0.018797345459461212,
-0.004978037439286709,
-0.03141999989748001,
0.045517995953559875,
-0.03079167567193508,
-0.060734961181879044,
-0.001958694076165557,
-0.015898266807198524,
-0.005659386049956083,
-0.024901431053876877,
0.037680648267269135,
0.020657414570450783,
-0.0564127191901207,
0.026487326249480247,
-0.02189553901553154,
0.01656324602663517,
0.07640375941991806,
-0.04738299176096916,
-0.009979181922972202,
0.009535234421491623,
-0.001345437252894044,
0.02984427660703659,
0.039926446974277496,
-0.011527792550623417,
0.01713145151734352,
0.009403965435922146,
-0.008275967091321945,
-0.05650831013917923,
0.07077392935752869,
0.001777062425389886,
0.011864450760185719,
0.01410211343318224,
0.06790851056575775,
0.017105892300605774,
-0.04016691818833351,
-0.038917168974876404,
-0.2878081500530243,
-0.024603858590126038,
0.05211426690220833,
-0.05366562679409981,
0.012642379850149155,
-0.0269926730543375,
-0.00764858815819025,
-0.009259937331080437,
-0.026552144438028336,
-0.0542701780796051,
-0.0018222177168354392,
0.07050430774688721,
-0.09425070881843567,
0.00041552161565050483,
-0.050940629094839096,
0.017214074730873108,
0.03234400227665901,
-0.05782201513648033,
0.05700330063700676,
0.032295942306518555,
0.024982038885354996,
0.011965617537498474,
0.008646766655147076,
0.061176832765340805,
0.03548791632056236,
0.03362300619482994,
0.07047712057828903,
0.0027142215985804796,
-0.006018904969096184,
-0.038475487381219864,
0.0012669021962210536,
0.06565476953983307,
0.018092885613441467,
-0.028218669816851616,
-0.04768538102507591,
-0.030240848660469055,
-0.035297513008117676,
0.004677313845604658,
-0.04013482481241226,
0.024237794801592827,
-0.07887092232704163,
0.0699760764837265,
-0.029801970347762108,
0.016135482117533684,
-0.05167866870760918,
0.004710218403488398,
-0.026526369154453278,
-0.02113821543753147,
0.041174374520778656,
0.03912820667028427,
0.051873695105314255,
-0.0011324576335027814,
-0.01962115429341793,
-0.08295541256666183,
0.0047148969024419785,
-0.054236020892858505,
-0.044087450951337814,
0.007410713471472263,
-0.10439030081033707,
-0.04934830963611603,
-0.003930527251213789,
-0.03639254719018936,
0.009618693962693214,
-0.04394742473959923,
-0.02256789803504944,
-0.020023997873067856,
0.029610062018036842,
-0.010216930881142616,
0.02390674129128456,
0.057680629193782806,
0.012003791518509388,
0.09819017350673676,
0.03866963088512421,
-0.026341870427131653,
0.060594428330659866,
0.04377403110265732,
-0.04610639438033104,
-0.041313398629426956,
-0.08798457682132721,
-0.011458168737590313,
0.028005653992295265,
0.012859870679676533,
0.05213030055165291,
0.060441918671131134,
0.002542361617088318,
0.023731881752610207,
-0.003051006468012929,
-0.010817759670317173,
-0.003668885212391615,
0.007228997070342302,
-0.017423419281840324,
-0.013523923233151436,
-0.08566360175609589,
0.0014136588433757424,
0.0028548615518957376,
0.005227670539170504,
-0.24980328977108002,
0.04238110035657883,
-0.006316337734460831,
-0.014224924147129059,
-0.005549343302845955,
0.004852576181292534,
-0.003953347913920879,
0.01884329877793789,
-0.022888895124197006,
0.021061599254608154,
-0.006191210821270943,
0.01709868386387825,
0.09163878858089447,
0.026416592299938202,
-0.045087605714797974,
0.02368113398551941,
-0.010827434249222279,
-0.03545624390244484,
0.0008569486672058702,
-0.06580384075641632,
0.043809011578559875,
-0.00020398065680637956,
0.12391896545886993,
-0.013123653829097748,
-0.061363041400909424,
0.03631819039583206,
0.027418263256549835,
0.0846996009349823,
0.021212175488471985,
-0.019526779651641846,
0.024928810074925423,
0.05829884856939316,
0.026529883965849876,
0.09812309592962265,
0.036685094237327576,
0.041114628314971924,
-0.0705120712518692,
-0.049604013562202454,
0.02832447737455368,
-0.029755936935544014,
0.02960842289030552,
0.010031260550022125,
-0.09672033786773682,
-0.011886760592460632,
0.06917198747396469,
-0.06009272113442421,
0.013406505808234215,
-0.031985145062208176,
0.03959739953279495,
-0.011001075617969036,
0.005274801515042782,
-0.027095085009932518,
0.017443854361772537,
0.02040371298789978,
0.011791564524173737,
-0.01904604770243168,
0.01454099453985691,
-0.0025585500989109278,
0.004310286603868008,
-0.03913690149784088,
0.0026962978299707174,
0.0073883067816495895,
-0.037445396184921265,
0.04589018598198891,
0.0038148495368659496
] |
PMID:6643 | The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage. | Solutions of pure cannabinoids, nine samples of herbal and two of resin cannabis (one freshly prepared) were stored in varying conditions for up to 2 years. Exposure to light (not direct sunlight) was shown to be the greatest single factos in loss of cannabinoids especially in solutions, which should therefore be protected from light during analytical and phytochemical operations. Previous claims that solutions in ethanol were stable have not been substantiated. The effect of temperature, up to 20 degrees, was insignificant but air oxidation did lead to significant losses. These could be reduced if care was taken to minimize damage to the glands which act as "well filled, well closed containers". Loss of tetrahydrocannabinol after exposure to light does not lead to an increase in cannabinol, but air oxidation in the dark does. It is concluded that carefully prepared herbal or resin cannabis or extracts are reasonably stable for 1 to 2 years if stored in the dark at room temperature. | The stability of cannabis and its preparations on storage. Solutions of pure cannabinoids, nine samples of herbal and two of resin cannabis (one freshly prepared) were stored in varying conditions for up to 2 years. Exposure to light (not direct sunlight) was shown to be the greatest single factos in loss of cannabinoids especially in solutions, which should therefore be protected from light during analytical and phytochemical operations. Previous claims that solutions in ethanol were stable have not been substantiated. The effect of temperature, up to 20 degrees, was insignificant but air oxidation did lead to significant losses. These could be reduced if care was taken to minimize damage to the glands which act as "well filled, well closed containers". Loss of tetrahydrocannabinol after exposure to light does not lead to an increase in cannabinol, but air oxidation in the dark does. It is concluded that carefully prepared herbal or resin cannabis or extracts are reasonably stable for 1 to 2 years if stored in the dark at room temperature. | [
-0.0148600609973073,
-0.01138727180659771,
-0.01863458752632141,
-0.016977250576019287,
0.04353189840912819,
0.02752663940191269,
0.04805231839418411,
-0.01054760068655014,
-0.07955265790224075,
0.0073464130982756615,
-0.027505142614245415,
0.012582608498632908,
0.029816171154379845,
0.033941738307476044,
-0.028738075867295265,
0.016225717961788177,
0.031324051320552826,
-0.06418943405151367,
-0.06757735460996628,
-0.00026606774190440774,
0.021029438823461533,
-0.024861609563231468,
-0.019596148282289505,
0.024135025218129158,
0.005116683430969715,
0.009779855608940125,
-0.053705375641584396,
-0.0031255721114575863,
0.008220036514103413,
-0.20225101709365845,
0.014586620964109898,
-0.00104638806078583,
-0.028474049642682076,
-0.05343812704086304,
0.02499876730144024,
0.013977624475955963,
-0.016655640676617622,
-0.016661299392580986,
-0.017881037667393684,
0.021349307149648666,
0.11744379997253418,
-0.0008860085508786142,
-0.03644200786948204,
0.003993441816419363,
0.019347945228219032,
0.03394996002316475,
-0.03725957125425339,
-0.027158956974744797,
0.10685138404369354,
-0.011819245293736458,
0.008746694773435593,
0.02682335674762726,
-0.0038138502277433872,
0.02276383712887764,
-0.057465698570013046,
0.027998564764857292,
0.03848274052143097,
0.031141696497797966,
-0.05067518353462219,
0.036902811378240585,
0.012254576198756695,
0.022951440885663033,
-0.12469637393951416,
0.008296075277030468,
0.03384854644536972,
-0.018847083672881126,
-0.0011368799023330212,
-0.033398859202861786,
0.07213244587182999,
0.04787251353263855,
-0.012829381041228771,
0.03699083626270294,
-0.021867357194423676,
-0.004750329535454512,
0.011781608685851097,
-0.020752452313899994,
0.05143802613019943,
-0.0449448861181736,
-0.02435896173119545,
0.012123038992285728,
0.05154726281762123,
0.034458842128515244,
0.05169376730918884,
-0.013865209184587002,
-0.055403634905815125,
-0.04212493821978569,
0.02139776013791561,
-0.0313020758330822,
-0.029696058481931686,
0.0452495813369751,
0.018039202317595482,
0.015233860351145267,
0.01299226749688387,
0.01313738338649273,
-0.043361593037843704,
-0.00865301676094532,
0.0025588010903447866,
0.018409183248877525,
0.01214201282709837,
0.3956421911716461,
-0.02602209523320198,
0.020613567903637886,
-0.04217560961842537,
-0.05620751529932022,
-0.03164178505539894,
-0.018840715289115906,
-0.03192487731575966,
-0.028019877150654793,
-0.006008409429341555,
0.03542191535234451,
0.03288732469081879,
0.04446439445018768,
0.066664919257164,
0.03293917700648308,
0.002518749563023448,
0.010124999098479748,
0.039040032774209976,
-0.004658577498048544,
-0.020453879609704018,
0.003075016662478447,
0.00771983852609992,
0.0916900485754013,
0.1213664561510086,
0.017310231924057007,
0.016148289665579796,
0.012604565359652042,
-0.015181957744061947,
0.07581619918346405,
-0.014373681508004665,
0.02965015359222889,
0.04969872161746025,
-0.030328158289194107,
0.06584915518760681,
-0.02966362051665783,
-0.01613815501332283,
0.03028576634824276,
0.004627313930541277,
-0.030726946890354156,
0.0611298568546772,
-0.04397529736161232,
-0.032292820513248444,
-0.0140268225222826,
0.06091046333312988,
-0.04242347925901413,
-0.025766007602214813,
0.05271558091044426,
0.037710707634687424,
0.022154415026307106,
-0.039210569113492966,
-0.01885458640754223,
-0.034165315330028534,
0.02475597709417343,
0.006741109304130077,
0.02920091710984707,
0.029284559190273285,
0.0004506476398091763,
0.015042423270642757,
-0.03633850812911987,
0.01475334819406271,
0.003265777137130499,
-0.007471772842109203,
0.007441988680511713,
-0.005219942890107632,
0.0684967190027237,
-0.02090015448629856,
0.02908121794462204,
0.0017315427539870143,
-0.002928058383986354,
0.04968380182981491,
-0.03566783294081688,
0.07897519320249557,
0.010139275342226028,
0.022917859256267548,
-0.001079518930055201,
-0.028094500303268433,
-0.04011579602956772,
-0.027360014617443085,
0.008605540730059147,
0.028408877551555634,
-0.015330268070101738,
0.03022785112261772,
-0.045751992613077164,
-0.004564756993204355,
0.042730849236249924,
0.06385858356952667,
-0.013668126426637173,
-0.05488131567835808,
0.054617270827293396,
0.02012500911951065,
0.046422649174928665,
-0.07030481100082397,
-0.042838387191295624,
-0.11545740813016891,
0.07416942715644836,
-0.04625479504466057,
-0.07292095571756363,
-0.06891760230064392,
-0.03660455346107483,
0.04371996596455574,
0.014032040722668171,
0.07466432452201843,
-0.03352992236614227,
-0.017715781927108765,
0.019205955788493156,
0.06933322548866272,
0.045917537063360214,
0.00345380837097764,
-0.021351009607315063,
0.0386420376598835,
0.011853715404868126,
-0.040692973881959915,
0.0013074809685349464,
-0.045709505677223206,
-0.021085865795612335,
-0.0445186123251915,
0.02581167034804821,
0.006476292386651039,
0.00684849638491869,
0.00839898083359003,
0.008351187221705914,
0.05685810372233391,
-0.09017278254032135,
-0.03250788897275925,
-0.3236154019832611,
-0.00627789506688714,
-0.025523275136947632,
0.03665242716670036,
0.13010086119174957,
-0.0426933690905571,
-0.00912220124155283,
-0.041357509791851044,
-0.01515189465135336,
-0.051497239619493484,
0.040555424988269806,
0.03434181958436966,
0.0057622999884188175,
-0.030429841950535774,
-0.010929010808467865,
-0.014936652034521103,
0.05309388041496277,
-0.04352058097720146,
0.020414767786860466,
-0.011495033279061317,
-0.015206561423838139,
-0.023213209584355354,
-0.046276528388261795,
-0.03960740566253662,
0.025214429944753647,
-0.029114406555891037,
0.14322111010551453,
-0.05313962325453758,
-0.0409596711397171,
0.01171649806201458,
0.022001415491104126,
-0.018757224082946777,
-0.08239933848381042,
-0.10839645564556122,
0.04785127192735672,
-0.01876131258904934,
-0.06694051623344421,
-0.04632651060819626,
-0.04278569668531418,
0.0029488191939890385,
0.025289561599493027,
0.07347514480352402,
0.03686973825097084,
-0.04901798442006111,
-0.08546125143766403,
-0.008981979452073574,
-0.014259635470807552,
0.02019011601805687,
-0.01705734059214592,
-0.009316719137132168,
0.02516641654074192,
0.02850230596959591,
0.0034258838277310133,
0.020694047212600708,
-0.006868704222142696,
-0.016699401661753654,
-0.024240029975771904,
0.04795767366886139,
-0.01466783881187439,
0.0031564857345074415,
-0.0554085299372673,
-0.015386304818093777,
0.05599277839064598,
0.013404950499534607,
-0.00790647603571415,
-0.022666173055768013,
0.037432972341775894,
-0.02692045085132122,
0.031855110079050064,
0.00039103845483623445,
-0.014970659278333187,
0.07105676829814911,
-0.07110309600830078,
-0.03940432891249657,
0.10755182057619095,
0.032149575650691986,
-0.06759858131408691,
-0.0029723457992076874,
-0.08424853533506393,
0.0016629118472337723,
-0.028691867366433144,
-0.011901930905878544,
0.08756805211305618,
0.04302060231566429,
0.03777656331658363,
0.05072387307882309,
-0.025041276589035988,
0.00889392290264368,
0.05167734622955322,
-0.011291658505797386,
0.024815315380692482,
0.0059905340895056725,
0.01669914461672306,
-0.06433086842298508,
0.0542420819401741,
0.0368589349091053,
-0.264975905418396,
0.01659463904798031,
0.042853109538555145,
-0.0063297017477452755,
0.0025093494914472103,
0.029862932860851288,
0.030238032341003418,
0.06622354686260223,
-0.01506844349205494,
-0.00281460746191442,
-0.056255124509334564,
0.006056399084627628,
0.041051238775253296,
-0.008312376216053963,
-0.008448878303170204,
-0.0660187229514122,
0.0478782095015049,
-0.07795032858848572,
-0.016843151301145554,
0.005992092192173004,
0.009140688925981522,
0.0026023017708212137,
0.10112007707357407,
0.01600823551416397,
-0.07314401119947433,
-0.006828004028648138,
-0.0020190372597426176,
0.03153875842690468,
-0.020415904000401497,
0.02763686515390873,
0.0030794849153608084,
0.04178423807024956,
0.08367353677749634,
-0.019106648862361908,
0.029472382739186287,
-0.026283476501703262,
-0.051083337515592575,
0.0007312303641811013,
0.04768393561244011,
-0.0038725032936781645,
0.010605299845337868,
-0.03906514495611191,
-0.039737433195114136,
-0.03668048977851868,
0.020735707134008408,
-0.11558510363101959,
-0.011976098641753197,
-0.02780364453792572,
-0.0033811116591095924,
-0.06184639781713486,
0.007839994505047798,
-0.00515151210129261,
0.013601332902908325,
0.020017921924591064,
0.03934888541698456,
0.01407915074378252,
-0.06284050643444061,
0.01616680435836315,
0.002713992493227124,
0.02145562693476677,
-0.03061804547905922,
-0.011219208128750324,
-0.010992278344929218,
0.055365778505802155,
0.04655395820736885
] |
PMID:6644 | Changes in the particle size distribution during tableting of sulphathiazole powder. | Five size fractions of sulphathiazole powder (volume surface mean diameter 155, 133, 86, 50 and 41 mum) were compressed into 12 mm diameter tablets on an instrumented single punch tablet machine. The size analysis of the tablet material after compression showed an attrition of the coarser fraction and an agglomeration of the finer fraction. It is postulated that there is a critical particle size where the effects of crushing and bonding cancel each other. The changes in particle size are discussed in relation to some of the compressive characteristics of the powder. | Changes in the particle size distribution during tableting of sulphathiazole powder. Five size fractions of sulphathiazole powder (volume surface mean diameter 155, 133, 86, 50 and 41 mum) were compressed into 12 mm diameter tablets on an instrumented single punch tablet machine. The size analysis of the tablet material after compression showed an attrition of the coarser fraction and an agglomeration of the finer fraction. It is postulated that there is a critical particle size where the effects of crushing and bonding cancel each other. The changes in particle size are discussed in relation to some of the compressive characteristics of the powder. | [
-0.022243723273277283,
0.009519477374851704,
0.04030155763030052,
-0.03108632005751133,
-0.018687047064304352,
0.0316397063434124,
0.0276956744492054,
0.02891981601715088,
-0.04175436869263649,
-0.016248302534222603,
-0.05953363701701164,
-0.04715036228299141,
0.06213768199086189,
0.041177064180374146,
-0.01834462583065033,
-0.0034112839493900537,
0.07840346544981003,
-0.04836701601743698,
-0.052586644887924194,
0.004064891953021288,
0.026941679418087006,
-0.004544457886368036,
0.00989406555891037,
-0.028044648468494415,
0.00011910350440302864,
0.0417957529425621,
-0.02577989362180233,
-0.020593084394931793,
-0.05166182667016983,
-0.25941213965415955,
0.028400907292962074,
0.010474703274667263,
0.02200266718864441,
-0.06897255778312683,
-0.014462213031947613,
0.03465239331126213,
-0.012604505755007267,
0.04810221865773201,
-0.045303910970687866,
0.004045090638101101,
0.03956501930952072,
0.05945369228720665,
-0.021702587604522705,
0.010381346568465233,
0.00042032974306494,
-0.04100942984223366,
-0.034613966941833496,
0.01581070013344288,
0.08927547186613083,
0.008495209738612175,
0.008808774873614311,
-0.022228870540857315,
0.0510689914226532,
-0.005642877891659737,
-0.038601603358983994,
-0.010186420753598213,
0.02957060933113098,
0.05026264488697052,
0.027358943596482277,
0.03240373358130455,
-0.025976818054914474,
-0.013980613090097904,
-0.13150672614574432,
0.07365265488624573,
0.068880595266819,
-0.006052339915186167,
-0.011496256105601788,
-0.015896983444690704,
0.03907485678792,
0.08820148557424545,
-0.0008008935838006437,
0.02913135476410389,
-0.004613254219293594,
0.0755867138504982,
0.022868534550070763,
-0.006245866417884827,
-0.011843758635222912,
0.008828944526612759,
-0.014925504103302956,
-0.03290095180273056,
0.005667122546583414,
0.009133396670222282,
-0.036937132477760315,
-0.00048129569040611386,
-0.058034393936395645,
-0.06802517175674438,
0.008810735307633877,
-0.022996820509433746,
0.0347047857940197,
-0.057239558547735214,
0.040155671536922455,
0.022493502125144005,
-0.025395095348358154,
-0.05137944594025612,
-0.050340767949819565,
-0.038505133241415024,
-0.05178157612681389,
0.012326155789196491,
-0.002526888158172369,
0.39799627661705017,
-0.01572163961827755,
0.023161666467785835,
-0.0030818411614745855,
-0.02673305757343769,
-0.012496799230575562,
0.045102424919605255,
0.0039740134961903095,
-0.02151213027536869,
-0.00016991258598864079,
0.0313602052628994,
0.01991133950650692,
0.005973081104457378,
0.018205765634775162,
-0.047524504363536835,
-0.003909355960786343,
-0.05355915427207947,
0.006025807000696659,
0.006188965868204832,
-0.03738154470920563,
-0.005941464100033045,
-0.022663624957203865,
0.051075391471385956,
0.009515850804746151,
-0.051328085362911224,
0.02293144166469574,
-0.025641856715083122,
-0.06357933580875397,
0.10262013971805573,
-0.017373645678162575,
-0.004786806181073189,
0.04066553711891174,
0.010143625549972057,
-0.023559872061014175,
-0.002662347862496972,
0.056886881589889526,
-0.011690149083733559,
0.0281299389898777,
0.0392165407538414,
0.046003591269254684,
0.05661099776625633,
-0.05140385776758194,
-0.019101819023489952,
-0.014581505209207535,
-0.08227400481700897,
-0.05941632762551308,
0.14952191710472107,
-0.027304040268063545,
0.025243394076824188,
-0.015559300780296326,
-0.03394582122564316,
-0.024526452645659447,
0.015030586160719395,
-0.011215541511774063,
0.044638846069574356,
-0.004363625776022673,
-0.011666808277368546,
-0.015752816572785378,
0.033914849162101746,
-0.05653603374958038,
0.01831119880080223,
-0.047834835946559906,
-0.002692505717277527,
0.002984266262501478,
0.08359594643115997,
-0.027703067287802696,
-0.016955606639385223,
-0.028460603207349777,
-0.020715439692139626,
0.05422348156571388,
0.039879653602838516,
-0.006696948781609535,
0.01905309408903122,
-0.008451602421700954,
0.024833811447024345,
0.008154808543622494,
0.010753823444247246,
0.06346097588539124,
-0.07797719538211823,
0.04938223212957382,
0.004857711493968964,
0.03706040233373642,
0.09887883812189102,
-0.0023237373679876328,
0.03187529742717743,
-0.009924624115228653,
-0.036438267678022385,
0.00941676925867796,
0.04210926219820976,
0.022452903911471367,
0.08612295985221863,
-0.026785491034388542,
0.006097949109971523,
-0.04907859489321709,
0.020473061129450798,
0.008223619312047958,
-0.0232671108096838,
-0.052587639540433884,
0.009903432801365852,
-0.030626598745584488,
0.009291892871260643,
0.07667131721973419,
0.04243142902851105,
0.009418207220733166,
0.05920446664094925,
0.057450104504823685,
0.04521428048610687,
0.015333699993789196,
-0.046003308147192,
0.0710708349943161,
-0.00224056513980031,
-0.0025072519201785326,
-0.019849061965942383,
-0.03370637074112892,
-0.04229053109884262,
0.009299864061176777,
0.006971725262701511,
0.045614149421453476,
-0.009896387346088886,
-0.0275142639875412,
0.017437271773815155,
0.041817083954811096,
-0.031041691079735756,
-0.06901806592941284,
-0.3129464387893677,
0.0004612338379956782,
0.05373167246580124,
-0.007816686294972897,
0.05575919896364212,
-0.039644502103328705,
0.007118928246200085,
-0.00651289988309145,
-0.006589729338884354,
-0.09990744292736053,
0.10433776676654816,
0.031314633786678314,
-0.04504350945353508,
-0.008494704961776733,
-0.018448686227202415,
-0.014558857306838036,
-0.007803729735314846,
0.043514519929885864,
-0.021724512800574303,
-0.011349703185260296,
-0.021341580897569656,
-0.002039359649643302,
-0.04991525411605835,
0.03128458559513092,
0.05418597161769867,
0.008662054315209389,
0.11464414745569229,
-0.031174276024103165,
-0.0670081228017807,
-0.053037479519844055,
0.04963808134198189,
0.05271909758448601,
-0.056179534643888474,
-0.04679974913597107,
-0.011432982049882412,
0.01945783756673336,
-0.0045804474502801895,
-0.013179818168282509,
-0.049440059810876846,
0.04931128770112991,
-0.0516212098300457,
-0.02771594747900963,
0.019494013860821724,
-0.018731988966464996,
-0.013502982445061207,
0.02474255859851837,
-0.052442073822021484,
0.006529820151627064,
0.006007171701639891,
0.06693634390830994,
-0.0044553810730576515,
0.022010987624526024,
0.01360046211630106,
-0.03679381310939789,
0.02548854611814022,
-0.01162193063646555,
0.039964884519577026,
0.03386962041258812,
-0.0053190803155303,
-0.04265943914651871,
-0.044557347893714905,
0.014180859550833702,
0.03975914046168327,
-0.024062078446149826,
-0.08304537087678909,
-0.04296572506427765,
0.010830668732523918,
0.004942739382386208,
0.024183260276913643,
0.023320991545915604,
0.003939607180655003,
0.09737605601549149,
-0.06930322200059891,
0.02905437909066677,
0.02902296744287014,
-0.028618410229682922,
-0.01257864385843277,
0.04575780779123306,
-0.022412383928894997,
0.01986522413790226,
-0.0032037661876529455,
0.06602216511964798,
0.02490265481173992,
0.022132376208901405,
0.008175581693649292,
-0.01628706231713295,
-0.02208825759589672,
-0.011207462288439274,
0.06312526017427444,
0.024620629847049713,
0.0009282326209358871,
-0.015620672143995762,
0.02450931817293167,
0.005993427708745003,
0.0548422634601593,
0.006640744861215353,
-0.27027302980422974,
0.05263596028089523,
0.013199631124734879,
0.06363698840141296,
-0.020520411431789398,
0.005800267681479454,
0.08458209782838821,
0.05206066370010376,
0.020901929587125778,
-0.039449628442525864,
-0.03873103857040405,
0.030635735020041466,
0.02252800203859806,
-0.006932948250323534,
-0.0005931674386374652,
-0.0431293286383152,
0.022520598024129868,
-0.04411466792225838,
0.007179900072515011,
-0.06136377528309822,
0.006690604146569967,
-0.08334538340568542,
0.15268339216709137,
-0.014828279614448547,
-0.021981120109558105,
0.01461627148091793,
-0.004977427888661623,
0.0236675925552845,
-0.06693103164434433,
0.01269910391420126,
-0.03294188156723976,
0.01848938688635826,
0.07807888090610504,
-0.015696365386247635,
-0.021386858075857162,
0.027233203873038292,
-0.05169953778386116,
0.006923150736838579,
0.029330575838685036,
0.028092676773667336,
-0.016869768500328064,
-0.058326493948698044,
-0.04757935181260109,
0.016971446573734283,
0.029859203845262527,
-0.06156422570347786,
-0.030344640836119652,
-0.07591783255338669,
-0.054933540523052216,
0.0033494858071208,
-0.014012414962053299,
0.0052172401919960976,
-0.0016966488910838962,
0.008134055882692337,
-0.014569819904863834,
0.00025798598653636873,
-0.027610717341303825,
-0.039035648107528687,
0.02415536157786846,
0.017970865592360497,
-0.006845506373792887,
0.00888835545629263,
-0.061255455017089844,
0.017088258638978004,
0.03760557249188423
] |
PMID:6645 | Release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. | The rate of release of resorcinol (5%) from hydrogels (Carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch), lipogels (alcoholic-base, esteric-bases containing different amounts of beeswax with and without a spreading additive, respectively) and Labrafils has been examined. For the experimental design adopted the release of the drug is linear between 10 and 70% of the amount of drug released. The results agree well with the mathematical model postulated by Higuchi (1962) for the release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. | Release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. The rate of release of resorcinol (5%) from hydrogels (Carbopol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch), lipogels (alcoholic-base, esteric-bases containing different amounts of beeswax with and without a spreading additive, respectively) and Labrafils has been examined. For the experimental design adopted the release of the drug is linear between 10 and 70% of the amount of drug released. The results agree well with the mathematical model postulated by Higuchi (1962) for the release of a drug from homogeneous ointments containing the drug in solution. | [
-0.02309919148683548,
-0.001026248442940414,
0.003919726703315973,
-0.02170102298259735,
0.023181183263659477,
0.004473693203181028,
-0.03481236845254898,
0.08093497157096863,
-0.05334274098277092,
0.014463027939200401,
0.04010924696922302,
-0.013950412161648273,
0.019947687163949013,
0.01994423009455204,
0.025616109371185303,
-0.008556501008570194,
0.050458990037441254,
-0.01535698864609003,
-0.06489154696464539,
0.0057420069351792336,
0.06329387426376343,
-0.061660367995500565,
-0.04974240064620972,
-0.017073022201657295,
0.032397303730249405,
0.022629663348197937,
-0.03076201118528843,
-0.003363498952239752,
-0.026007160544395447,
-0.17545489966869354,
-0.007618928328156471,
-0.04194963723421097,
-0.03585054352879524,
-0.037410374730825424,
0.03499295189976692,
0.032048922032117844,
-0.014240686781704426,
-0.0013646772131323814,
-0.04170060157775879,
0.008608459495007992,
0.02917267568409443,
0.015024148859083652,
-0.015566801652312279,
0.03889579698443413,
0.027656055986881256,
0.032531000673770905,
-0.02324347011744976,
0.037894416600465775,
0.0777832493185997,
0.01613142155110836,
0.03891228511929512,
0.0036251258570700884,
-0.03142382949590683,
0.054472118616104126,
0.013215704821050167,
-0.07231169939041138,
-0.028082042932510376,
-0.031201517209410667,
0.0006844223826192319,
0.05805809050798416,
-0.0035818421747535467,
0.012348427437245846,
-0.11803758889436722,
0.03962024301290512,
-0.012191984802484512,
-0.02430223673582077,
-0.03372161090373993,
-0.01647193729877472,
0.06184953823685646,
0.06380034983158112,
-0.037798017263412476,
0.01437836792320013,
-0.004026415292173624,
0.0028327200561761856,
0.032118991017341614,
-0.059171680361032486,
0.015608507208526134,
0.0024072858504951,
-0.022494452074170113,
0.013104829005897045,
0.031315915286540985,
-0.035057879984378815,
0.0010044652735814452,
-0.11944147944450378,
0.005509719718247652,
-0.0369710773229599,
0.05705858767032623,
-0.048242826014757156,
0.05982944741845131,
0.031277768313884735,
-0.01935255527496338,
-0.008196089416742325,
-0.03634013235569,
-0.049919627606868744,
-0.06576734036207199,
0.034517716616392136,
-0.03598044067621231,
-0.00026391068240627646,
0.01388558093458414,
0.33766239881515503,
-0.06965048611164093,
-0.04412643983960152,
-0.02013726718723774,
-0.030211281031370163,
-0.054515864700078964,
-0.03810173273086548,
-0.021834632381796837,
-0.04581853002309799,
-0.00254602893255651,
0.04880249500274658,
0.02450486086308956,
0.006074236705899239,
0.08086428791284561,
-0.04358673468232155,
-0.01532944105565548,
0.003055489156395197,
0.009515609592199326,
0.017080111429095268,
-0.029049258679151535,
-0.06444531679153442,
-0.007457931991666555,
0.027733871713280678,
0.07900073379278183,
-0.02504185400903225,
0.03635111451148987,
0.03884359821677208,
0.020365934818983078,
0.06307599693536758,
-0.02396840788424015,
0.04876936227083206,
0.02343098446726799,
0.04527360200881958,
0.0058295815251767635,
-0.042626041918992996,
-0.0013905237428843975,
0.002605873392894864,
0.07714849710464478,
0.01248405035585165,
-0.0019856267608702183,
0.01411054190248251,
0.005337425507605076,
-0.03521355614066124,
0.00858624093234539,
-0.057057999074459076,
-0.030587146058678627,
0.0652039498090744,
0.05479353666305542,
0.016873622313141823,
-0.015239368192851543,
0.01854955218732357,
0.007992526516318321,
0.07019530981779099,
-0.03142305091023445,
0.04850424826145172,
-0.02808980457484722,
0.018924139440059662,
0.0043864259496331215,
-0.035808783024549484,
-0.038514718413352966,
0.035718195140361786,
-0.021405229344964027,
-0.03558705002069473,
0.009280144236981869,
0.13771741092205048,
-0.036402709782123566,
-0.06197191774845123,
-0.04874622821807861,
-0.01685149595141411,
0.062217626720666885,
0.041420530527830124,
0.04292094334959984,
-0.03235467150807381,
0.05022389441728592,
-0.010306241922080517,
-0.043928369879722595,
0.01104446966201067,
-0.02518339827656746,
-0.0658564493060112,
0.10361704230308533,
0.02894030138850212,
0.07127241790294647,
0.05270328000187874,
-0.06431365758180618,
0.03342704474925995,
0.04535374417901039,
0.012546617537736893,
-0.058157335966825485,
0.07296178489923477,
0.00819331780076027,
0.05718822777271271,
-0.02943800576031208,
0.0033673178404569626,
-0.08354217559099197,
0.02120324596762657,
-0.002561271423473954,
-0.04627654701471329,
-0.05740101635456085,
-0.04689522832632065,
-0.05381234735250473,
0.023037079721689224,
0.09493246674537659,
0.011934516951441765,
0.013593493960797787,
0.062752366065979,
0.08334934711456299,
0.08241043984889984,
0.04238734021782875,
-0.03788261115550995,
0.03347070515155792,
0.016494879499077797,
-0.016406409442424774,
0.01278314646333456,
-0.016205476596951485,
-0.020731540396809578,
-0.014960418455302715,
0.04362263157963753,
0.0339912548661232,
-0.039328910410404205,
0.02542073279619217,
0.009326254017651081,
0.03580590337514877,
-0.031192895025014877,
-0.03472919389605522,
-0.29431524872779846,
0.028098097071051598,
-0.01665940135717392,
0.0011366677936166525,
0.10562774538993835,
-0.04127254709601402,
0.02028467319905758,
-0.036774419248104095,
0.007159443572163582,
-0.0367971770465374,
0.09796170890331268,
0.0331462025642395,
-0.022198308259248734,
0.0012812035856768489,
0.01511544082313776,
-0.0589221827685833,
0.0019087453838437796,
0.013369659893214703,
-0.02458682656288147,
-0.03584422171115875,
-0.006049405783414841,
-0.0971822738647461,
0.020664269104599953,
0.04850594326853752,
0.100627101957798,
-0.04491441324353218,
0.1525663137435913,
0.006193044129759073,
-0.004907879047095776,
-0.03435026854276657,
0.014257894828915596,
0.030412601307034492,
-0.06900180131196976,
-0.06818842142820358,
-0.017384232953190804,
-0.0003980264882557094,
0.058035559952259064,
-0.04149576276540756,
0.03435235098004341,
0.023600643500685692,
0.025536317378282547,
0.07352469116449356,
0.008763824589550495,
-0.042773064225912094,
-0.027013851329684258,
0.00680158706381917,
-0.04231443628668785,
0.008978241123259068,
0.014042891561985016,
0.015114232897758484,
-0.009436183609068394,
0.03721669688820839,
0.046405941247940063,
0.03754844143986702,
0.0015087423380464315,
-0.014725440181791782,
-0.019027449190616608,
-0.01121734268963337,
-0.05715218186378479,
-0.02223070338368416,
-0.007116316817700863,
-0.015673324465751648,
0.0013528367271646857,
-0.02683250792324543,
-0.008196873590350151,
0.01971498131752014,
0.01188785769045353,
-0.08328764140605927,
-0.009798381477594376,
-0.01736205443739891,
0.011359930969774723,
0.1302734762430191,
-0.028805218636989594,
0.0334717333316803,
0.057631611824035645,
-0.009333978407084942,
-0.008805016055703163,
-0.06387418508529663,
-0.07691167294979095,
-0.04358089715242386,
-0.016912629827857018,
-0.037983063608407974,
0.029552273452281952,
0.014520364813506603,
0.02278728224337101,
-0.035149287432432175,
-0.018870122730731964,
-0.055898405611515045,
-0.002829886507242918,
0.02306513302028179,
0.023335086181759834,
0.015667181462049484,
-0.03250491991639137,
0.02714466117322445,
-0.0037922626361250877,
-0.0008844558615237474,
-0.3261023163795471,
-0.0022933289874345064,
0.049517352133989334,
0.05655946955084801,
-0.010771535336971283,
-0.0003410682256799191,
0.07173968106508255,
-0.0009247491834685206,
0.012759772129356861,
-0.04054488614201546,
-0.02360386587679386,
0.032293882220983505,
-0.002913338365033269,
0.013368313200771809,
0.007151485420763493,
-0.07939627021551132,
0.058411840349435806,
-0.026561275124549866,
0.02306218631565571,
-0.009716734290122986,
0.016804534941911697,
-0.00461712246760726,
0.11789293587207794,
0.008710640482604504,
-0.06506005674600601,
0.029837705194950104,
0.048434216529130936,
0.031095758080482483,
0.029946601018309593,
0.034856103360652924,
-0.03278248757123947,
0.06267611682415009,
-0.0035133238416165113,
-0.029051514342427254,
0.053285129368305206,
0.021142395213246346,
-0.008901278488337994,
0.0028014685958623886,
0.03484997898340225,
0.02802056260406971,
-0.01078000571578741,
-0.06280238926410675,
-0.06738255172967911,
0.010846173390746117,
0.026395270600914955,
-0.08367397636175156,
-0.03892846778035164,
-0.049262166023254395,
-0.02338338829576969,
0.05455048754811287,
-0.020423563197255135,
-0.04568906128406525,
-0.028307493776082993,
0.014864107593894005,
0.007132684346288443,
-0.0037359511479735374,
-0.02117978036403656,
0.0017648889916017652,
-0.04495535418391228,
0.0451241135597229,
-0.011950151063501835,
-0.06526684761047363,
-0.013465634547173977,
0.08320076018571854,
-0.009594880044460297
] |
PMID:6646 | The persistence of dextran 70 in blood plasma following its infusion, during surgery, for prophylaxis against thromboembolism. | An infusion of dextran (mean molecular weight 70000) in normal saline (either 1 litre or 500 ml) was given to patients undergoing hysterectomy. The infusion was started at induction of anaesthesia and continued throughout the operation and for up to 5 h thereafter. The rate of elimination of dextran was independent of the dose given. The time to eliminate half the dose was nearly two days and up to 10% was still present in the circulation after one week. The persistence of dextran in the plasma in these amounts and for this length of time may have considerable implications in the prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. | The persistence of dextran 70 in blood plasma following its infusion, during surgery, for prophylaxis against thromboembolism. An infusion of dextran (mean molecular weight 70000) in normal saline (either 1 litre or 500 ml) was given to patients undergoing hysterectomy. The infusion was started at induction of anaesthesia and continued throughout the operation and for up to 5 h thereafter. The rate of elimination of dextran was independent of the dose given. The time to eliminate half the dose was nearly two days and up to 10% was still present in the circulation after one week. The persistence of dextran in the plasma in these amounts and for this length of time may have considerable implications in the prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. | [
-0.06074589490890503,
0.015719905495643616,
-0.021025512367486954,
0.041081223636865616,
0.00017816471518017352,
0.023757878690958023,
0.06969045847654343,
0.04205945506691933,
-0.0577731616795063,
-0.008828110061585903,
0.007102863397449255,
-0.011494086124002934,
0.020551884546875954,
-0.022072983905673027,
-0.08019576966762543,
-0.00754875922575593,
0.05818542093038559,
-0.022813936695456505,
-0.06503595411777496,
0.03240790590643883,
-0.014628431759774685,
-0.014523869380354881,
0.030238181352615356,
0.0077020879834890366,
0.006510952487587929,
0.05013797804713249,
-0.001360811642371118,
0.01972339116036892,
-0.030415304005146027,
-0.2193286269903183,
-0.0036388863809406757,
-0.0645238608121872,
-0.005511721130460501,
-0.049336161464452744,
-0.02346784994006157,
0.03599599003791809,
-0.02040885202586651,
0.012955186888575554,
0.020909171551465988,
0.06436434388160706,
0.05306190997362137,
0.03443300351500511,
-0.019967328757047653,
0.03773222863674164,
0.01612892933189869,
-0.015431194566190243,
-0.017067892476916313,
-0.019839059561491013,
0.14851216971874237,
0.10709789395332336,
0.01111229881644249,
0.02920384705066681,
0.07623257488012314,
0.08749449253082275,
-0.028451407328248024,
0.00038444428355433047,
-0.027492938563227654,
0.01290666963905096,
0.010818841867148876,
0.02890273928642273,
-0.017165696248412132,
0.05682600662112236,
-0.11655555665493011,
0.05460263043642044,
0.0041245887987315655,
0.0025070745032280684,
-0.015509002842009068,
-0.040156666189432144,
0.06667913496494293,
0.06015484407544136,
-0.022234084084630013,
0.032532259821891785,
-0.03260298818349838,
0.084091916680336,
-0.012399709783494473,
0.0005424756673164666,
0.02600931003689766,
0.008163933642208576,
-0.008893970400094986,
0.05856126546859741,
0.011997021734714508,
0.010249100625514984,
0.03250262141227722,
-0.03178035840392113,
-0.014648293145000935,
-0.04234300181269646,
0.08933043479919434,
-0.027787111699581146,
-0.015552406199276447,
-0.0023736092261970043,
-0.019149482250213623,
0.021128546446561813,
-0.01859837956726551,
0.009495630860328674,
-0.0813383236527443,
0.007661348674446344,
0.024374855682253838,
0.02481110766530037,
0.01208522729575634,
0.38104134798049927,
-0.01039664912968874,
-0.03341109678149223,
-0.05422680452466011,
0.0034003215841948986,
-0.0005588530329987407,
-0.06044165417551994,
0.0025067778769880533,
-0.0025192254688590765,
0.01837930828332901,
0.031427621841430664,
0.018520522862672806,
0.05204397439956665,
0.06953496485948563,
-0.022083770483732224,
0.014657054096460342,
0.07152388989925385,
0.03947838023304939,
0.035063933581113815,
-0.027198053896427155,
0.04535473883152008,
-0.03591976314783096,
0.028714757412672043,
-0.007282501086592674,
0.0009021572768688202,
0.02577289193868637,
0.04382555931806564,
0.06064155697822571,
0.08671783655881882,
-0.027193821966648102,
-0.004899810999631882,
0.042724188417196274,
0.009767288342118263,
-0.07266085594892502,
-0.008582228794693947,
0.005772491451352835,
-0.020706921815872192,
0.02787042409181595,
-0.029795508831739426,
0.020273897796869278,
-0.06271583586931229,
0.007829771377146244,
-0.06572772562503815,
-0.020146770402789116,
-0.029318396002054214,
-0.021069878712296486,
0.051409561187028885,
0.0076922038570046425,
0.007709948346018791,
0.0022235633805394173,
-0.025932161137461662,
-0.02113301493227482,
0.06530451774597168,
-0.033590514212846756,
0.04779709130525589,
-0.03339243307709694,
0.03915346413850784,
0.007892290130257607,
0.007910475134849548,
-0.004204923752695322,
-0.011342177167534828,
-0.04156721383333206,
-0.06760203093290329,
-0.05543438345193863,
0.03797328472137451,
0.0033816040959209204,
-0.002798156812787056,
0.030114339664578438,
0.013185660354793072,
0.009100656025111675,
0.05753219127655029,
-0.03178556263446808,
-0.018694531172513962,
-0.005783251952379942,
-0.029053689911961555,
0.022490113973617554,
-0.023950157687067986,
-0.0034408504143357277,
-0.0010983855463564396,
-0.004226071760058403,
-0.04149937629699707,
0.037045497447252274,
0.03858160227537155,
-0.011116737499833107,
0.02714691124856472,
-0.003913495223969221,
0.004248801153153181,
0.013696501031517982,
0.029026290401816368,
0.01145307905972004,
0.07905901223421097,
-0.0033546651247888803,
0.01062482874840498,
-0.025345519185066223,
0.03603655472397804,
0.012898460030555725,
-0.040553729981184006,
-0.07585310935974121,
-0.016813326627016068,
-0.0312948003411293,
0.01901610754430294,
0.05764995515346527,
0.00836232304573059,
0.009082543663680553,
0.06311219930648804,
0.07291659712791443,
0.05222047492861748,
0.01854441873729229,
-0.030568236485123634,
0.010278486646711826,
0.005828144960105419,
-0.02147110551595688,
0.09102442860603333,
0.002692032838240266,
-0.03338266536593437,
-0.02526860311627388,
0.019076816737651825,
-0.035204119980335236,
-0.014954814687371254,
0.05159952864050865,
-0.0195036381483078,
0.023189399391412735,
-0.026919031515717506,
0.018168272450566292,
-0.3649951219558716,
0.015148195438086987,
0.029357584193348885,
0.017348524183034897,
0.06123105809092522,
-0.056621797382831573,
0.02235461212694645,
-0.0518566332757473,
-0.05148789659142494,
-0.030902495607733727,
0.010131178423762321,
0.05208270251750946,
-0.044382914900779724,
-0.04900415614247322,
0.018351608887314796,
0.020256387069821358,
0.01691553182899952,
-0.008801846764981747,
0.02484486997127533,
-0.034687239676713943,
-0.011357765644788742,
-0.04842742905020714,
-0.02992543950676918,
-0.012241899967193604,
0.032675888389348984,
0.01330659445375204,
0.11962614953517914,
-0.08762108534574509,
-0.030940420925617218,
-0.020223652943968773,
0.011364500969648361,
-0.014150723814964294,
-0.01611626148223877,
-0.04528278857469559,
-0.044048722833395004,
-0.05742739513516426,
-0.006047843024134636,
0.007879314012825489,
0.01667771115899086,
-0.003818074008449912,
-0.019007086753845215,
0.04316861182451248,
0.0025663801934570074,
-0.055360548198223114,
-0.03302313759922981,
0.0012879859423264861,
-0.028068862855434418,
0.011825865134596825,
0.015387545339763165,
0.004224371165037155,
0.025980781763792038,
-0.01600184291601181,
0.04413232207298279,
0.01052320096641779,
0.04557790607213974,
0.013546767644584179,
-0.051956094801425934,
-0.018454866483807564,
-0.07117152214050293,
0.00042173333349637687,
-0.049781352281570435,
0.008392984978854656,
-0.040399957448244095,
-0.0072613609954714775,
-0.018448008224368095,
0.009475248865783215,
0.06360480189323425,
-0.009928605519235134,
0.06898557394742966,
0.0011378126218914986,
-0.0065525309182703495,
0.09046459943056107,
-0.054265763610601425,
-0.03160838410258293,
0.04672751948237419,
0.03954073414206505,
-0.06069934368133545,
0.028933171182870865,
-0.1274181455373764,
0.04403692111372948,
0.050711773335933685,
0.014489319175481796,
0.06686089187860489,
0.018042869865894318,
0.05110898241400719,
0.013891737908124924,
-0.030319644138216972,
-0.017144329845905304,
-0.0017393241869285703,
0.02287544123828411,
0.01652023196220398,
0.060562748461961746,
-0.040901560336351395,
-0.01788892224431038,
0.022955486550927162,
0.016279051080346107,
-0.27000340819358826,
0.000446053221821785,
0.02399236522614956,
0.023731034249067307,
0.0066034370101988316,
-0.020488647744059563,
0.032654039561748505,
-0.07824955880641937,
-0.03189188614487648,
-0.010683037340641022,
-0.014597508125007153,
0.07761209458112717,
0.0579129122197628,
0.016444943845272064,
0.029242252930998802,
0.01376972533762455,
0.020145384594798088,
-0.019673779606819153,
-0.05585208162665367,
-0.061059147119522095,
-0.0018104639602825046,
-0.08517157286405563,
0.071095310151577,
-0.032500557601451874,
-0.06519666314125061,
0.010113515891134739,
-0.003608733881264925,
0.09137652814388275,
-0.044232357293367386,
-0.005274245981127024,
-0.06117677316069603,
0.04533027857542038,
0.028133096173405647,
-0.02265132963657379,
0.02492712251842022,
0.02408677712082863,
-0.06513291597366333,
0.03631412982940674,
0.03841744363307953,
0.009550114162266254,
-0.016359718516469002,
-0.03773556649684906,
-0.03247278928756714,
-0.004328049719333649,
0.054051559418439865,
-0.06002982705831528,
0.0007109754369594157,
-0.11438793689012527,
0.0053981454111635685,
-0.0202951543033123,
-0.047385696321725845,
-0.005450014024972916,
0.051462385803461075,
-0.009797092527151108,
-0.015038121491670609,
-0.014141226187348366,
0.009497556835412979,
-0.025995945557951927,
-0.009210919961333275,
-0.04769944027066231,
-0.07222568243741989,
-0.04582199081778526,
-0.01450994424521923,
0.03208846226334572,
-0.046237118542194366
] |
PMID:6647 | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide in three animal species. | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide have been studied in the rat, rabbit and dog. Thin-layer chromatography followed by photodensitometry was used for the analysis of the unchanged drug and its metabolites. N-De-ethylation is an important Phase I metabolic reaction and conjugation with glucoronic acid and sulphate is a major route of metabolism, particularly in the rabbit. The pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous administration showed little interspecies variation. First order elimination kinetics with short half-lives and high apparent volumes of distribution (greater than 1.1 kg(-1)) were observed. Major interspecies variations were seen after oral administration of high doses of the drug. Metoclopramide was eliminated slowly after oral administration to rats. The findings in the rabbit and in the dog suggest that the liver plays an active role reducing the systemic availability of unchanged metoclopramide after oral administration. | The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide in three animal species. The absorption and elimination of metoclopramide have been studied in the rat, rabbit and dog. Thin-layer chromatography followed by photodensitometry was used for the analysis of the unchanged drug and its metabolites. N-De-ethylation is an important Phase I metabolic reaction and conjugation with glucoronic acid and sulphate is a major route of metabolism, particularly in the rabbit. The pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous administration showed little interspecies variation. First order elimination kinetics with short half-lives and high apparent volumes of distribution (greater than 1.1 kg(-1)) were observed. Major interspecies variations were seen after oral administration of high doses of the drug. Metoclopramide was eliminated slowly after oral administration to rats. The findings in the rabbit and in the dog suggest that the liver plays an active role reducing the systemic availability of unchanged metoclopramide after oral administration. | [
-0.026519479230046272,
-0.03358689695596695,
0.03239916265010834,
0.014916695654392242,
0.061292052268981934,
-0.020178962498903275,
0.0748915746808052,
-0.016437755897641182,
-0.0545649491250515,
-0.006686104461550713,
0.030378704890608788,
-0.02966446243226528,
0.04930075258016586,
0.044121600687503815,
-0.006455850787460804,
0.018988851457834244,
0.005448765587061644,
-0.027996370568871498,
-0.0369657501578331,
0.017655346542596817,
-0.032749831676483154,
0.00790431909263134,
0.026362570002675056,
0.005673180799931288,
0.0634462758898735,
0.043746884912252426,
-0.005953120067715645,
0.011255825869739056,
-0.02420649118721485,
-0.1961010843515396,
0.015707720071077347,
0.04098168760538101,
0.030931418761610985,
-0.024279966950416565,
-0.046420514583587646,
0.06179261580109596,
0.021190859377384186,
0.011772479861974716,
-0.029086049646139145,
0.0685894563794136,
0.021962648257613182,
0.012875153683125973,
0.022989576682448387,
0.026864979416131973,
0.01927453838288784,
0.06319309771060944,
-0.08062062412500381,
-0.009960845112800598,
0.15197570621967316,
0.022871442139148712,
0.010087191127240658,
-0.011419414542615414,
-0.012775430455803871,
0.04394061118364334,
-0.004571903962641954,
0.045053549110889435,
0.039950162172317505,
-0.05113900452852249,
-0.02348257601261139,
0.04200759157538414,
-0.016985822468996048,
0.01336569245904684,
-0.1657065451145172,
0.09945344179868698,
0.0554073341190815,
0.036826055496931076,
0.01688573881983757,
-0.0378546267747879,
0.0630846694111824,
0.09384316205978394,
-0.05541011691093445,
0.0011493013007566333,
-0.024795781821012497,
-0.005636109504848719,
-0.014391331002116203,
-0.05239070951938629,
0.04708792641758919,
-0.00811274629086256,
0.010207002982497215,
-0.004639360122382641,
0.00915279146283865,
0.0281659085303545,
0.04194897785782814,
-0.03913755714893341,
0.024174006655812263,
-0.06540355086326599,
0.0023669032379984856,
0.018149014562368393,
0.0022725234739482403,
0.014219389297068119,
0.013047526590526104,
-0.042931169271469116,
0.008741211146116257,
-0.024019375443458557,
-0.0030092692468315363,
-0.02484927885234356,
-0.019280890002846718,
-0.0014886687276884913,
0.016509685665369034,
0.34154823422431946,
0.011504359543323517,
0.008831077255308628,
-0.05451267957687378,
-0.01851220801472664,
-0.015991834923624992,
0.034602805972099304,
0.03370261564850807,
0.007172124460339546,
0.032093022018671036,
0.04980994760990143,
0.029978130012750626,
-0.018126176670193672,
0.058644432574510574,
0.000727716600522399,
-0.0016372043173760176,
0.03993374481797218,
-0.014142202213406563,
-0.028415072709321976,
0.028217190876603127,
-0.0060151731595396996,
-0.02012847736477852,
-0.031246745958924294,
0.0006833234219811857,
-0.00797581672668457,
0.05655151978135109,
0.026507150381803513,
0.04648733511567116,
0.07345806062221527,
-0.018469687551259995,
-0.004869124852120876,
0.000399621669203043,
-0.002043439308181405,
-0.009234091266989708,
-0.010302051901817322,
0.01935892552137375,
0.022485066205263138,
0.06445612758398056,
0.025304876267910004,
-0.00035458593629300594,
-0.020603301003575325,
0.003310857806354761,
-0.07596848160028458,
-0.025668900460004807,
-0.07843752950429916,
-0.08043953031301498,
0.11232897639274597,
0.03016253560781479,
-0.015259480103850365,
-0.037529442459344864,
-0.007276554126292467,
0.00002535438943596091,
0.05659235268831253,
-0.020333001390099525,
0.042472172528505325,
-0.02165294997394085,
-0.014328989200294018,
0.013709189370274544,
0.0031320422422140837,
-0.03525549918413162,
0.0013371796812862158,
-0.11009832471609116,
-0.044281911104917526,
-0.05613172426819801,
0.06272396445274353,
-0.06528889387845993,
0.006133362650871277,
-0.0346081517636776,
0.015295730903744698,
-0.02277352847158909,
0.08442501723766327,
-0.006653511431068182,
0.027373190969228745,
-0.02326934225857258,
-0.014134552329778671,
-0.02246784046292305,
0.04761059582233429,
0.03209507837891579,
-0.00578850694000721,
0.03256256505846977,
-0.006594744976609945,
0.028385961428284645,
-0.01171065028756857,
-0.034796372056007385,
0.0074544246308505535,
0.011860285885632038,
0.022959670051932335,
-0.02377157285809517,
0.03360823541879654,
-0.022825762629508972,
0.052809152752161026,
-0.03764427825808525,
-0.023610662668943405,
-0.07226280122995377,
-0.036109473556280136,
-0.06884632259607315,
-0.009006552398204803,
-0.1051643043756485,
0.05917704477906227,
0.0002824069233611226,
-0.005492102354764938,
0.11251995712518692,
0.050531718879938126,
0.013704013079404831,
0.02468525990843773,
0.07029382139444351,
0.019128767773509026,
0.008339855819940567,
0.01969289407134056,
0.03805942088365555,
0.010856680572032928,
0.0027678930200636387,
0.03422074392437935,
-0.035071756690740585,
0.04877309501171112,
-0.04313015937805176,
0.049579378217458725,
-0.027771901339292526,
-0.04075757414102554,
0.03286470100283623,
0.02928466536104679,
0.008242606185376644,
-0.05967343971133232,
0.026114270091056824,
-0.31065332889556885,
0.00046339811524376273,
0.015683883801102638,
-0.019649824127554893,
0.03126920387148857,
-0.09490242600440979,
-0.027864787727594376,
-0.04915797710418701,
0.01506742276251316,
-0.024209925904870033,
0.0645817443728447,
0.015071938745677471,
-0.002693977439776063,
-0.014096943661570549,
-0.004742991179227829,
0.0027547988574951887,
0.05473994091153145,
0.015238210558891296,
0.031116152182221413,
-0.031194312497973442,
-0.011612935923039913,
-0.04800304025411606,
-0.011048135347664356,
0.057047583162784576,
0.021274354308843613,
-0.01251059491187334,
0.10906223952770233,
-0.03538527712225914,
-0.001337343594059348,
-0.02825310081243515,
0.025850290432572365,
-0.015342382714152336,
-0.047690242528915405,
-0.09073334187269211,
0.009444751776754856,
-0.014956736005842686,
0.019832132384181023,
-0.038868796080350876,
0.08087734878063202,
-0.007479450665414333,
-0.022458957508206367,
0.05854589492082596,
0.016104992479085922,
-0.09698832780122757,
-0.03647872060537338,
0.01896112971007824,
-0.10100551694631577,
0.03185677528381348,
0.02444131299853325,
0.019172383472323418,
-0.013865985907614231,
0.0013317846460267901,
-0.014441347680985928,
-0.01870700530707836,
0.028161700814962387,
-0.005827568471431732,
-0.07450249791145325,
0.007795369252562523,
-0.02023055963218212,
-0.002184126526117325,
-0.017148952931165695,
-0.006530411541461945,
-0.009195155464112759,
-0.027584727853536606,
-0.020547233521938324,
-0.0072920178063213825,
-0.019583826884627342,
0.0127771170809865,
0.0784057006239891,
0.047125183045864105,
0.037863556295633316,
0.12894709408283234,
-0.07776515930891037,
-0.003131971461698413,
0.06257162243127823,
-0.008268722333014011,
-0.03361322358250618,
-0.050516266375780106,
-0.0973789170384407,
0.03678157180547714,
0.015344168059527874,
0.009186245501041412,
0.03447229415178299,
-0.030374586582183838,
0.027488598600029945,
-0.005934105254709721,
0.004395780153572559,
-0.019488830119371414,
0.033322129398584366,
0.01130080409348011,
0.02514028735458851,
0.019794974476099014,
-0.0157020166516304,
-0.08717372268438339,
0.055667534470558167,
0.07053761929273605,
-0.2694624066352844,
0.011613825336098671,
0.026269134134054184,
-0.008076072670519352,
0.05580127239227295,
0.04703011363744736,
0.045377179980278015,
-0.0343964621424675,
-0.04966869577765465,
-0.05449797213077545,
-0.019042134284973145,
0.033055372536182404,
0.043738625943660736,
0.05437035858631134,
0.024238169193267822,
-0.010323792695999146,
0.030448801815509796,
0.022248124703764915,
-0.03243185952305794,
-0.048224564641714096,
-0.001684346585534513,
-0.11426874250173569,
0.08967297524213791,
0.014516592025756836,
-0.07725723832845688,
0.02593592181801796,
0.0037356701213866472,
0.043656039983034134,
-0.044497646391391754,
-0.01308742817491293,
0.007361878175288439,
0.02479209192097187,
0.030169431120157242,
-0.058314234018325806,
0.03715454041957855,
0.02344919554889202,
-0.07835694402456284,
0.035362083464860916,
-0.023217899724841118,
0.03359390050172806,
-0.06069086864590645,
-0.015719570219516754,
-0.03153832256793976,
-0.05768763646483421,
0.05587827041745186,
-0.05794059857726097,
-0.11504647135734558,
-0.032127123326063156,
0.026250135153532028,
0.001710309530608356,
-0.009976453147828579,
-0.03314856439828873,
0.021568771451711655,
0.018071575090289116,
-0.0009261321974918246,
-0.05498654022812843,
0.009958992712199688,
-0.07705631852149963,
0.03630723059177399,
-0.0559370219707489,
0.0009729699231684208,
0.007308949716389179,
-0.06852538883686066,
0.03940962255001068,
0.035650771111249924
] |
PMID:6648 | Release of prostaglandin E-like material from perfused mesenteric blood vessels of rabbits. | Infusions of noradrenaline (1-3 mug ml(-1) min(-1)) into the mesenteric vascular preparation of the rabbit caused a 2 to 5 fold rise in perfusion pressure and a release of prostaglandin E-like material (3.23 +/- 0.65 (s.e.) ng PGE2 equivalents ml(-1)). Indomethacin (3 mug ml(-1)) prevented whereas arachidonic acid (0.2 mug ml(-1)) augmented, the noradrenaline-evoked release of a prostaglandin E-like material. The walls of arterioles or precapillary vessels are the proposed site of prostaglandin generation. | Release of prostaglandin E-like material from perfused mesenteric blood vessels of rabbits. Infusions of noradrenaline (1-3 mug ml(-1) min(-1)) into the mesenteric vascular preparation of the rabbit caused a 2 to 5 fold rise in perfusion pressure and a release of prostaglandin E-like material (3.23 +/- 0.65 (s.e.) ng PGE2 equivalents ml(-1)). Indomethacin (3 mug ml(-1)) prevented whereas arachidonic acid (0.2 mug ml(-1)) augmented, the noradrenaline-evoked release of a prostaglandin E-like material. The walls of arterioles or precapillary vessels are the proposed site of prostaglandin generation. | [
-0.04190944880247116,
0.0010170581517741084,
-0.005810138303786516,
0.01138683408498764,
-0.00907907448709011,
-0.007853062823414803,
-0.0036660805344581604,
0.007904848083853722,
-0.04089195281267166,
0.0031025458592921495,
0.0035389806143939495,
-0.042363934218883514,
0.00852428749203682,
-0.00027929808129556477,
-0.05664264038205147,
0.035208072513341904,
0.03863968327641487,
-0.022868715226650238,
-0.1030113473534584,
-0.022083280608057976,
0.001931721461005509,
0.0021959785372018814,
0.0012772519839927554,
-0.054553624242544174,
0.02079963870346546,
0.0003296450595371425,
0.05744588002562523,
-0.03055713139474392,
0.021169478073716164,
-0.19055481255054474,
0.04973495751619339,
-0.0034585492685437202,
-0.01871766522526741,
0.024966822937130928,
0.005644596181809902,
-0.016493182629346848,
-0.0633673444390297,
-0.02336835488677025,
-0.03985588997602463,
0.06342541426420212,
0.05187412351369858,
-0.0038453382439911366,
-0.029023727402091026,
0.06581813842058182,
0.06706782430410385,
0.04360011965036392,
0.011907900683581829,
-0.004524970427155495,
0.09564531594514847,
-0.01145875919610262,
0.08581461012363434,
0.029792554676532745,
0.00833815522491932,
0.02563481591641903,
0.0018274221802130342,
-0.029512504115700722,
-0.006339844316244125,
0.015847692266106606,
-0.002109041204676032,
0.012431908398866653,
0.0000039435185499314684,
0.09253045916557312,
-0.137643963098526,
0.1271640509366989,
-0.008764021098613739,
0.003785767825320363,
-0.0034987651742994785,
0.011945771053433418,
0.04831020161509514,
0.04848906025290489,
-0.060906846076250076,
0.05472276732325554,
-0.06121586635708809,
-0.04829235002398491,
0.012456830590963364,
0.040572263300418854,
0.036401279270648956,
-0.029884282499551773,
0.029739974066615105,
0.03928342089056969,
0.02517303079366684,
0.04827224090695381,
-0.04394327849149704,
0.014318515546619892,
-0.04752825200557709,
-0.035255927592515945,
0.05486151948571205,
-0.015112376771867275,
-0.007372796535491943,
-0.019275303930044174,
-0.08109120279550552,
-0.023265061900019646,
-0.055250633507966995,
-0.010089186020195484,
-0.03629521280527115,
-0.02346683479845524,
-0.05246585234999657,
0.036743927747011185,
-0.04015132784843445,
0.36405929923057556,
-0.05223264917731285,
0.005955309607088566,
-0.08139451593160629,
-0.036625031381845474,
0.037005189806222916,
-0.04592073708772659,
-0.018644459545612335,
-0.0017340074991807342,
-0.032729584723711014,
0.026185793802142143,
0.063730388879776,
0.03467823565006256,
0.018135860562324524,
-0.03379066661000252,
-0.008842738345265388,
-0.035230107605457306,
0.011556495912373066,
-0.06519605219364166,
-0.028533142060041428,
0.020086850970983505,
-0.03508841246366501,
-0.024165401235222816,
0.011702004820108414,
0.014658431522548199,
-0.01325131207704544,
-0.006590125150978565,
-0.007309946697205305,
0.046878669410943985,
-0.007363370154052973,
-0.0017039745580404997,
0.020132040604948997,
0.06784480810165405,
-0.043988484889268875,
0.0023080611135810614,
-0.0044081429950892925,
-0.043791428208351135,
0.05437692999839783,
0.013280066661536694,
0.017155911773443222,
-0.04030122607946396,
-0.0004974234034307301,
-0.036057908087968826,
-0.024957997724413872,
-0.08018854260444641,
-0.04049292206764221,
0.14381922781467438,
0.06288260966539383,
0.007232310716062784,
-0.04825352877378464,
-0.024708174169063568,
-0.027006812393665314,
0.06267806887626648,
-0.026878364384174347,
0.0576920248568058,
-0.006076707970350981,
0.04856313392519951,
-0.016956927254796028,
-0.011014627292752266,
0.020582623779773712,
0.01884206384420395,
-0.04511608928442001,
-0.04995247721672058,
-0.012559967115521431,
0.036148421466350555,
0.024574734270572662,
-0.0391063466668129,
-0.04015325382351875,
-0.002301268745213747,
0.08026280254125595,
0.020738989114761353,
-0.025769630447030067,
0.03641738370060921,
-0.05306309461593628,
-0.02476542815566063,
-0.024224409833550453,
0.047115229070186615,
0.026114508509635925,
-0.032179951667785645,
0.09574166685342789,
-0.003678765846416354,
0.06503703445196152,
-0.026701174676418304,
0.035859428346157074,
0.03886580094695091,
0.000474502652650699,
-0.004636192694306374,
-0.07796859741210938,
-0.0030796623323112726,
0.018940523266792297,
0.033540233969688416,
-0.021903246641159058,
0.021002016961574554,
-0.05232089385390282,
0.02718263678252697,
-0.045204631984233856,
-0.010148720815777779,
-0.008178118616342545,
0.008116344921290874,
-0.044773515313863754,
-0.039196766912937164,
0.08958424627780914,
-0.019729962572455406,
-0.04340130835771561,
0.028392871841788292,
0.0237791296094656,
0.09463832527399063,
0.008904578164219856,
0.019787712022662163,
0.02903364971280098,
0.010584823787212372,
0.002419407246634364,
0.0053820679895579815,
0.019756540656089783,
-0.0067721144296228886,
-0.05247348174452782,
0.04016289487481117,
-0.0148925194516778,
-0.007888471707701683,
0.07335443794727325,
0.023157287389039993,
0.0017660888843238354,
-0.07232173532247543,
-0.005371322389692068,
-0.2829227149486542,
-0.013035895302891731,
0.011101935990154743,
-0.05775638669729233,
0.05880293622612953,
0.03407910838723183,
0.04638195410370827,
-0.08067624270915985,
0.01924431510269642,
-0.03205781430006027,
0.025864770635962486,
0.08602280914783478,
-0.037557560950517654,
-0.005267805885523558,
0.02659013867378235,
0.05196962505578995,
0.034070681780576706,
-0.03454495593905449,
0.04663745313882828,
0.031588975340127945,
0.011005884036421776,
-0.06752022355794907,
-0.020452000200748444,
0.007876170799136162,
0.05421403422951698,
0.026779530569911003,
0.10823680460453033,
-0.04991010203957558,
-0.02319365181028843,
-0.08242924511432648,
0.03516855835914612,
0.011238852515816689,
-0.037828851491212845,
-0.04376338794827461,
0.026579001918435097,
-0.017898384481668472,
0.01780860871076584,
0.018115539103746414,
-0.0035051184240728617,
-0.010724568739533424,
-0.021798405796289444,
0.06347940117120743,
0.03382455185055733,
-0.05830279737710953,
-0.08006113022565842,
-0.07548252493143082,
0.0013708928599953651,
0.05912798270583153,
-0.05314265564084053,
0.007251210045069456,
0.03438698127865791,
-0.012317994609475136,
0.022103074938058853,
-0.07227643579244614,
0.00346977892331779,
-0.03390777111053467,
-0.0226161889731884,
-0.0026775971055030823,
-0.06791622191667557,
-0.011298484168946743,
0.018540015444159508,
0.0037539636250585318,
0.05098341405391693,
-0.045508187264204025,
-0.06239956244826317,
0.04749533161520958,
0.08477728068828583,
0.03255225345492363,
0.08178997784852982,
-0.002084969775751233,
0.06027914956212044,
0.11840056627988815,
-0.09067679941654205,
0.034091632813215256,
0.06812475621700287,
-0.0045874766074121,
-0.009294095449149609,
-0.012222778983414173,
-0.07015950977802277,
0.04365961253643036,
-0.014795149676501751,
-0.03033047914505005,
0.03921248018741608,
-0.0027057239785790443,
-0.013857471756637096,
0.00952039286494255,
-0.03570641204714775,
-0.03580973669886589,
0.026745693758130074,
0.04357926920056343,
0.02118326909840107,
0.051527831703424454,
-0.005583729594945908,
-0.0057466235011816025,
-0.014871177263557911,
-0.009296365082263947,
-0.2659400701522827,
0.03502240031957626,
0.06463568657636642,
-0.06955879181623459,
-0.002931145951151848,
-0.0025531877763569355,
-0.008009246550500393,
-0.02275531180202961,
-0.04936956986784935,
0.03135143220424652,
-0.008580200374126434,
0.020746299996972084,
0.028246484696865082,
0.061328496783971786,
-0.04823736846446991,
-0.010417343117296696,
0.0711817741394043,
-0.006506447680294514,
0.0163893960416317,
-0.07875228673219681,
-0.032694678753614426,
-0.07366965711116791,
0.17053361237049103,
0.0483367033302784,
-0.06014350801706314,
-0.05911630392074585,
0.05078743398189545,
0.028551414608955383,
-0.011652204208076,
0.01308488566428423,
0.010067429393529892,
0.039771296083927155,
0.0291786789894104,
-0.03275948390364647,
0.032709844410419464,
0.022621072828769684,
-0.0479586087167263,
0.006768262013792992,
0.0050570485182106495,
-0.029194556176662445,
-0.0010683828731998801,
-0.02033274434506893,
-0.044967323541641235,
0.01176086813211441,
0.025717344135046005,
-0.016121666878461838,
-0.016718683764338493,
-0.030496269464492798,
0.03373733162879944,
-0.025987252593040466,
-0.016908232122659683,
-0.007429888006299734,
0.019724303856492043,
0.025200482457876205,
0.014171157963573933,
-0.015277039259672165,
0.001990002579987049,
-0.02290695160627365,
-0.002547783777117729,
0.0021874257363379,
-0.019146626815199852,
-0.02525189332664013,
-0.027287084609270096,
0.0966218039393425,
0.05832798406481743
] |
PMID:6649 | Kininogen and kininogenase synthesis by the liver of normal and injured rats. | Isolated livers from normal rats or from others at 2 days after subcutaneous injection of turpentine have been perfused with a simplified medium. Estimation of kininogen, kininogenase and 2 plasma proteins in the perfusates thus obtained indicate that both kininogen and kininogenase are synthesized in the liver. Furthermore, because twice as much kininogen and kininogenase was synthesized by the livers from the rats which had been injected with turpentine as by those from the normal rats, these two proteins must be considered to be members of the group of plasma proteins known as acute phase reactants. | Kininogen and kininogenase synthesis by the liver of normal and injured rats. Isolated livers from normal rats or from others at 2 days after subcutaneous injection of turpentine have been perfused with a simplified medium. Estimation of kininogen, kininogenase and 2 plasma proteins in the perfusates thus obtained indicate that both kininogen and kininogenase are synthesized in the liver. Furthermore, because twice as much kininogen and kininogenase was synthesized by the livers from the rats which had been injected with turpentine as by those from the normal rats, these two proteins must be considered to be members of the group of plasma proteins known as acute phase reactants. | [
-0.02787761017680168,
-0.009175541810691357,
-0.015408062376081944,
-0.01850508339703083,
0.008814174681901932,
-0.014748236164450645,
0.05832532048225403,
0.03300735354423523,
-0.039474520832300186,
-0.01482350192964077,
0.045791201293468475,
-0.07208975404500961,
-0.000662532402202487,
0.014611930586397648,
-0.029768073931336403,
-0.04646209999918938,
-0.008209574036300182,
-0.005953275598585606,
-0.0962143987417221,
-0.006325167138129473,
0.001572362962178886,
0.04548219218850136,
0.05137636139988899,
-0.058578163385391235,
0.04856725037097931,
0.013808198273181915,
0.01647017151117325,
-0.00565461628139019,
0.009636417962610722,
-0.19341596961021423,
0.025739746168255806,
0.0026050060987472534,
0.0069784438237547874,
-0.08639603108167648,
0.0007466060924343765,
0.005814384203404188,
-0.002688838867470622,
-0.014578494243323803,
0.019300436601042747,
0.0027650082483887672,
0.009365185163915157,
-0.0052118184976279736,
-0.023058908060193062,
0.03760998696088791,
0.09759635478258133,
-0.004112693946808577,
0.04236612841486931,
0.017412278801202774,
0.090388722717762,
0.008564859628677368,
-0.010859543457627296,
0.031214026734232903,
0.05344586819410324,
0.08728061616420746,
0.05218619853258133,
-0.05508388951420784,
0.03469785302877426,
0.08802217245101929,
-0.00021086273773107678,
0.01562328077852726,
-0.01852261833846569,
0.04487810656428337,
-0.11921286582946777,
0.016436096280813217,
0.024992866441607475,
0.005157806444913149,
-0.039024073630571365,
-0.05118420347571373,
0.03170398250222206,
0.05380713939666748,
-0.04961622878909111,
0.013190130703151226,
-0.0013857793528586626,
-0.004261632449924946,
0.017837248742580414,
-0.05998144671320915,
0.013451333157718182,
-0.016277315095067024,
0.04964211583137512,
0.030401447787880898,
0.0221426859498024,
0.005024751182645559,
0.040214087814092636,
0.027711186558008194,
-0.015590299852192402,
-0.0052849599160254,
0.057296738028526306,
-0.0336192287504673,
-0.028599705547094345,
0.05493853613734245,
-0.015442087315022945,
-0.023582736030220985,
0.026873556897044182,
-0.01846129633486271,
-0.09127940237522125,
-0.032081879675388336,
0.02630208246409893,
0.06445889919996262,
0.02615216001868248,
0.3606906235218048,
-0.04932394623756409,
0.005891631823033094,
-0.09185021370649338,
-0.019591636955738068,
-0.056237440556287766,
-0.036195896565914154,
-0.04801901429891586,
0.02337954379618168,
-0.04643327742815018,
0.10694779455661774,
0.07896013557910919,
0.042045947164297104,
-0.002284673973917961,
-0.017226334661245346,
0.01571977324783802,
-0.010327239520847797,
0.011789011768996716,
0.016840903088450432,
-0.014904029667377472,
0.06754019111394882,
0.05076538398861885,
0.030159967020154,
-0.017884667962789536,
-0.000026776544473250397,
0.01880037970840931,
0.01079596858471632,
0.01610722206532955,
0.05555640906095505,
0.07168785482645035,
0.05070820078253746,
0.025176994502544403,
0.034205321222543716,
-0.016042890027165413,
0.006787068676203489,
0.040609754621982574,
-0.024325469508767128,
0.009194602258503437,
-0.034543246030807495,
0.03512106090784073,
-0.028122710064053535,
0.00458263885229826,
-0.06934425234794617,
-0.06810637563467026,
-0.040525201708078384,
-0.07781776785850525,
0.0773925706744194,
0.01713697426021099,
-0.01302215177565813,
-0.031994521617889404,
-0.008282911963760853,
0.01592886820435524,
0.010382787324488163,
0.0011806937400251627,
0.04064963385462761,
-0.013296952471137047,
0.05961553379893303,
-0.022706804797053337,
-0.00037413311656564474,
0.04192892462015152,
0.027884483337402344,
-0.04468948021531105,
-0.0769021287560463,
-0.07209421694278717,
0.03602159023284912,
0.016519224271178246,
0.008905471302568913,
0.0014631201047450304,
0.05978953465819359,
0.037457410246133804,
-0.007128370460122824,
-0.02447974868118763,
0.015009764581918716,
-0.018750805407762527,
-0.022169968113303185,
-0.031606048345565796,
-0.0340748131275177,
0.007344193756580353,
0.032423440366983414,
-0.0215742290019989,
-0.0101007129997015,
0.027468997985124588,
-0.02155916392803192,
-0.00797911174595356,
0.055154282599687576,
-0.0006931776879355311,
-0.04593731462955475,
-0.025531381368637085,
0.033947087824344635,
-0.03841456398367882,
0.08235824108123779,
0.009066255763173103,
0.06090536341071129,
-0.08532922714948654,
0.015714045614004135,
-0.04075393080711365,
-0.001821710029616952,
-0.036481551826000214,
0.06754370033740997,
0.005091338884085417,
0.018197784200310707,
0.08747981488704681,
0.02756902016699314,
0.018747493624687195,
0.031941358000040054,
-0.016953958198428154,
0.006965095642954111,
0.020418256521224976,
0.012477116659283638,
0.021533595398068428,
0.006166238337755203,
-0.052283819764852524,
-0.02810448594391346,
-0.04487580806016922,
0.013075259514153004,
-0.08279289305210114,
0.046139251440763474,
0.01386703085154295,
-0.005925885867327452,
0.09815572947263718,
0.030190715566277504,
-0.004068276379257441,
-0.07358581572771072,
0.02090207301080227,
-0.272548109292984,
0.00524296797811985,
0.0062464699149131775,
-0.01375889778137207,
0.09085504710674286,
-0.02366742305457592,
-0.007642738521099091,
-0.06828399747610092,
-0.03718914836645126,
-0.02641180343925953,
0.05891755223274231,
0.07444637268781662,
0.0008609257056377828,
-0.06026659160852432,
0.011786527931690216,
0.043251439929008484,
0.02062138170003891,
0.0015876148827373981,
0.021219996735453606,
-0.029759183526039124,
-0.03592546284198761,
-0.016049332916736603,
0.015485710464417934,
-0.0446527898311615,
0.04151802882552147,
-0.02205572836101055,
0.13538958132266998,
0.03172741085290909,
-0.05743558332324028,
-0.05740199610590935,
-0.0022481102496385574,
0.025720838457345963,
-0.007829894311726093,
-0.10683956742286682,
-0.0027581765316426754,
-0.04938482120633125,
-0.0458446741104126,
-0.026160025969147682,
0.03407329320907593,
0.00031693390337750316,
-0.03796621412038803,
0.007846182212233543,
0.029340580105781555,
-0.03140798583626747,
-0.018568363040685654,
-0.001064792275428772,
-0.024871066212654114,
-0.007196083199232817,
0.039120662957429886,
-0.004085975233465433,
0.02489596977829933,
0.00968621764332056,
-0.02237568236887455,
-0.06460889428853989,
-0.027552219107747078,
-0.031878434121608734,
-0.07907824963331223,
-0.03806956484913826,
-0.050909895449876785,
0.03533865138888359,
0.02445651963353157,
-0.007800624240189791,
-0.06336137652397156,
-0.032952889800071716,
-0.00003466676571406424,
0.021415211260318756,
0.018228618428111076,
-0.03732758387923241,
0.06255444139242172,
0.017393331974744797,
0.008725469931960106,
0.10512080788612366,
-0.01949341781437397,
0.007890411652624607,
0.037697143852710724,
0.013032939285039902,
-0.044044289737939835,
-0.048722364008426666,
-0.010562966577708721,
0.0047601088881492615,
-0.004794181790202856,
-0.08931483328342438,
0.06720886379480362,
-0.013738000765442848,
-0.02148599363863468,
0.00421336991712451,
0.022403879091143608,
-0.029144786298274994,
0.03663598746061325,
0.03224935755133629,
0.04214417561888695,
0.021701913326978683,
-0.009276025928556919,
0.011958630755543709,
0.0359647311270237,
-0.0009194935555569828,
-0.2953469455242157,
0.010977748781442642,
0.00679708831012249,
-0.07312016189098358,
-0.0037940414622426033,
-0.022462915629148483,
0.013981417752802372,
0.0005800376529805362,
-0.03793547675013542,
-0.0054643298499286175,
0.056018929928541183,
0.02851715311408043,
0.08080708235502243,
0.11571472138166428,
-0.009019760414958,
-0.008857278153300285,
0.030773038044571877,
-0.011459585279226303,
-0.01840134710073471,
-0.07439665496349335,
0.00016500083438586444,
-0.0671415850520134,
0.15853674709796906,
0.028080740943551064,
-0.04894539341330528,
0.013300923630595207,
-0.001396495965309441,
-0.003378712572157383,
-0.03572278469800949,
0.0688183531165123,
-0.007802773732692003,
-0.01352884154766798,
0.05292225629091263,
-0.09298187494277954,
0.02914717234671116,
0.04370556026697159,
-0.02230742946267128,
-0.013351698406040668,
-0.0554022341966629,
0.01668754406273365,
-0.07461325824260712,
-0.045995622873306274,
-0.03707348182797432,
-0.0344499833881855,
0.03569672629237175,
-0.05843673273921013,
-0.04573306068778038,
-0.05769575387239456,
-0.022548994049429893,
0.00254327105358243,
-0.0367218442261219,
0.039481014013290405,
-0.027306657284498215,
0.018532108515501022,
0.07258184254169464,
0.005604440812021494,
0.019740475341677666,
-0.030322086066007614,
0.013748256489634514,
0.01087355986237526,
-0.007023450452834368,
0.05844488739967346,
0.006038857623934746,
0.11757699400186539,
-0.03622172400355339
] |
PMID:6650 | The effect of some polyene macrolides on absorption from the small intestine in the rat. | The effect of three polyene macrolides, candicidin, amphotericin B and nystatin on the absorption of [3H] cholesterol was studied in the rat by using the in situ gut loop perfusion technique. Chronic treatment with candicidin and its presence at various concentrations in the gut loop perfusion experiments inhibited [3H] cholesterol absorption although a smaller effect was also obtained with amphotericin B and nystatin at higher concentrations. A similar but much less pronounced action of candicidin was also observed on the absorption of [3H] corticosterone and [14C] phenytoin. | The effect of some polyene macrolides on absorption from the small intestine in the rat. The effect of three polyene macrolides, candicidin, amphotericin B and nystatin on the absorption of [3H] cholesterol was studied in the rat by using the in situ gut loop perfusion technique. Chronic treatment with candicidin and its presence at various concentrations in the gut loop perfusion experiments inhibited [3H] cholesterol absorption although a smaller effect was also obtained with amphotericin B and nystatin at higher concentrations. A similar but much less pronounced action of candicidin was also observed on the absorption of [3H] corticosterone and [14C] phenytoin. | [
-0.04372387006878853,
-0.004462781362235546,
0.03321727737784386,
-0.0022931890562176704,
0.017561664804816246,
0.006969090085476637,
0.029222523793578148,
0.05117100477218628,
-0.05887078866362572,
-0.04119359701871872,
0.019025420770049095,
-0.05221330374479294,
0.04177931696176529,
-0.034948721528053284,
-0.040908537805080414,
-0.027065759524703026,
0.04693533852696419,
-0.011874139308929443,
-0.11068888753652573,
0.028944842517375946,
-0.038980238139629364,
-0.05645366013050079,
0.004159984178841114,
-0.032290246337652206,
-0.01208912581205368,
0.023880504071712494,
0.004606149159371853,
0.0002261664194520563,
-0.0719371810555458,
-0.19897620379924774,
0.021435074508190155,
-0.007880046963691711,
0.0424935519695282,
-0.041048917919397354,
-0.024599794298410416,
-0.005884845275431871,
-0.04610952362418175,
0.058102626353502274,
-0.015917349606752396,
0.08567088842391968,
0.10055664926767349,
0.05894747003912926,
0.01112863328307867,
0.01046021468937397,
0.01822623983025551,
-0.008048785850405693,
-0.08266519755125046,
-0.0018047981429845095,
0.1218879222869873,
-0.018411021679639816,
0.005271760281175375,
-0.024579638615250587,
0.037743885070085526,
0.0589982271194458,
-0.024562129750847816,
-0.006153241265565157,
0.0005490276380442083,
0.003450001124292612,
0.004450127948075533,
0.04478928819298744,
-0.0009266970446333289,
0.025539439171552658,
-0.14383098483085632,
0.07715221494436264,
-0.002049605594947934,
0.0279315747320652,
-0.01770881749689579,
-0.009139028377830982,
0.01441965252161026,
0.05394852161407471,
-0.045008931308984756,
0.044644955545663834,
-0.02928151935338974,
0.0300002358853817,
-0.046858370304107666,
-0.031078968197107315,
0.024978334084153175,
-0.055866651237010956,
-0.021886266767978668,
0.05491926893591881,
-0.005448870360851288,
0.03467864915728569,
-0.047832418233156204,
-0.05939023196697235,
0.010863980278372765,
0.019613396376371384,
0.006128895096480846,
-0.05754552409052849,
0.015571358613669872,
0.024943392723798752,
0.0157826729118824,
-0.01254274696111679,
-0.03437639772891998,
-0.040641602128744125,
-0.07276539504528046,
-0.0021951135713607073,
-0.006007940508425236,
-0.049686599522829056,
0.03766841068863869,
0.35505661368370056,
-0.017097702249884605,
0.006812053266912699,
0.005240339785814285,
0.010113638825714588,
0.026141498237848282,
0.003178921528160572,
-0.023882398381829262,
-0.010593254119157791,
0.050574079155921936,
0.028832314535975456,
0.03434225544333458,
0.01080427598208189,
-0.006798876915127039,
0.01057650800794363,
0.021384136751294136,
0.04104619845747948,
0.07594592869281769,
-0.055398158729076385,
-0.029896855354309082,
0.04062264412641525,
-0.03310161828994751,
0.02200327068567276,
0.033703796565532684,
0.004944110754877329,
0.04229559376835823,
0.029108181595802307,
-0.01155784260481596,
0.07716892659664154,
0.0041627660393714905,
0.021799415349960327,
0.03446495160460472,
-0.006914400961250067,
-0.04166880249977112,
-0.006301454268395901,
0.0033189610112458467,
-0.03221546858549118,
0.03975173085927963,
-0.06566034257411957,
-0.001167653826996684,
0.006268127355724573,
-0.04258020594716072,
-0.02535366639494896,
-0.01813703030347824,
-0.10956887155771255,
-0.06277069449424744,
0.05950843542814255,
0.04080919921398163,
0.008313005790114403,
-0.0020385300740599632,
-0.04336049035191536,
0.0021065170876681805,
0.0613950677216053,
0.009639685042202473,
0.03479861468076706,
-0.00619191350415349,
0.014261189848184586,
-0.016955256462097168,
-0.058499161154031754,
0.013955158181488514,
-0.04322473704814911,
-0.04458027705550194,
0.018413739278912544,
-0.057413723319768906,
0.11256009340286255,
0.009252998046576977,
0.014008375816047192,
0.016581391915678978,
-0.03628331795334816,
-0.006116338539868593,
-0.05583878606557846,
-0.02166273072361946,
0.037942882627248764,
-0.0240949597209692,
0.015265872702002525,
-0.029700396582484245,
0.027496684342622757,
0.022013463079929352,
0.009464170783758163,
0.06805780529975891,
-0.03401123359799385,
-0.001812485745176673,
-0.00538337416946888,
-0.032760776579380035,
0.037811558693647385,
0.011033494025468826,
0.024647165089845657,
-0.049679946154356,
0.04636750370264053,
-0.005649216938763857,
0.04159137234091759,
-0.028700217604637146,
0.017082851380109787,
-0.10581313073635101,
0.03663482889533043,
-0.018707167357206345,
-0.0455377958714962,
-0.13270898163318634,
0.03407207503914833,
-0.060556914657354355,
-0.0009178788750432432,
0.10131974518299103,
0.019178612157702446,
0.026670025661587715,
0.05597597360610962,
0.008185283280909061,
-0.005001813173294067,
0.04472492262721062,
-0.028792425990104675,
0.034557756036520004,
-0.07018819451332092,
-0.01771891862154007,
0.08421378582715988,
-0.011189834214746952,
0.029825158417224884,
-0.033568546175956726,
0.02608620934188366,
0.0002974972012452781,
-0.02999921515583992,
0.04333023354411125,
0.012786670587956905,
0.029307784512639046,
-0.0005126154283061624,
-0.004177867900580168,
-0.33415424823760986,
0.009075287729501724,
0.04883832484483719,
0.0020138791296631098,
0.10296215116977692,
-0.06624797731637955,
-0.022210439667105675,
-0.03097759373486042,
0.0003365771262906492,
-0.036803048104047775,
0.03175947070121765,
0.06239302083849907,
-0.03046914003789425,
0.0147319994866848,
-0.01671554520726204,
0.013446742668747902,
-0.016140267252922058,
-0.050235815346241,
0.005518476478755474,
-0.056856393814086914,
-0.00904927123337984,
-0.05296652019023895,
-0.006898452993482351,
0.03910081461071968,
0.07422207295894623,
-0.04069244861602783,
0.15048736333847046,
0.05304623395204544,
-0.026797140017151833,
0.0060088178142905235,
0.04032602161169052,
0.005034941248595715,
0.009538698010146618,
-0.1171337366104126,
0.0030378138180822134,
-0.0232897587120533,
0.03873157501220703,
-0.05478030443191528,
-0.007762216962873936,
-0.015491138212382793,
-0.052207622677087784,
0.019394461065530777,
0.014551154337823391,
-0.0598401203751564,
0.0004558236396405846,
-0.021955708041787148,
-0.012061822228133678,
0.04738624393939972,
0.0009250604780390859,
0.028169620782136917,
0.03496311604976654,
0.013574370183050632,
0.04821749031543732,
0.04883493855595589,
0.046800099313259125,
-0.05616704374551773,
-0.006333355791866779,
0.035051628947257996,
-0.038826119154691696,
0.047745347023010254,
-0.04086562991142273,
-0.026639040559530258,
0.03857569023966789,
-0.013254542835056782,
0.004789470229297876,
0.040303342044353485,
0.015242802910506725,
-0.008108902722597122,
0.036771614104509354,
0.03847092390060425,
0.001195967779494822,
0.09082251042127609,
-0.00876951776444912,
0.029174769297242165,
0.006597437895834446,
0.05873105302453041,
0.03905870392918587,
-0.0390758216381073,
-0.07269895076751709,
0.02628242038190365,
0.003276834497228265,
-0.020390920341014862,
0.019493084400892258,
-0.029362289234995842,
-0.0030003953725099564,
-0.006032282952219248,
-0.006735538132488728,
-0.03640102967619896,
0.022699855268001556,
0.031699176877737045,
-0.017686637118458748,
0.022313052788376808,
-0.006810075603425503,
-0.004837715998291969,
0.08483610302209854,
0.056698739528656006,
-0.2594467103481293,
0.04358796402812004,
-0.0013351856032386422,
-0.00025039733736775815,
-0.022374587133526802,
0.00073016039095819,
-0.010024609044194221,
-0.07025539129972458,
-0.021699076518416405,
-0.058844223618507385,
0.06083572283387184,
0.04865994304418564,
0.08906982839107513,
-0.02456827647984028,
0.00561209861189127,
-0.00048415406490676105,
0.03069697879254818,
0.036994267255067825,
0.006804297678172588,
-0.006980021018534899,
-0.026843201369047165,
-0.04280131682753563,
0.13488376140594482,
0.010325401090085506,
-0.0869414284825325,
0.001757774967700243,
0.01831808127462864,
0.0710940733551979,
-0.005821126978844404,
0.08154194802045822,
-0.050802964717149734,
0.0488094836473465,
0.02233096770942211,
-0.021074114367365837,
0.02265440672636032,
0.03566855937242508,
-0.006536509841680527,
0.013951555825769901,
-0.01272164098918438,
0.014779957011342049,
-0.011544911190867424,
0.01632991060614586,
-0.036309465765953064,
-0.03467439487576485,
0.03196673095226288,
-0.046945907175540924,
-0.015289481729269028,
-0.03871721774339676,
0.022768985480070114,
0.008102161809802055,
-0.07077252864837646,
-0.047772739082574844,
0.03226172551512718,
0.04152151942253113,
0.007274220231920481,
-0.0429314449429512,
-0.008661946281790733,
-0.03657398745417595,
0.0003687155549414456,
-0.00975446030497551,
-0.004302197601646185,
-0.06164995953440666,
-0.06034987047314644,
0.030891597270965576,
0.04590676724910736
] |
PMID:6651 | An assessment of the cardiovascular sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. | Guanethidine treatment of rate (30 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily for 6 weeks) produced a profound reduction in the catecholamine present (as indicated by fluorescence histochemistry and catecholamine determinations) in tissues taken from the cardiovascular system, but there was evidence of the return of catecholamines within 8 weeks. While these changes are consistent with a sympathectomy, the unaltered pressor responses to physostigmine (100 mug kg(-1), i.v.) and to carotid occlusion indicate an unimpaired functional capacity of noradrenergic nerves supplying the cardiovascular system. Although part of the response may be attributed to the unaffected adrenal medulla enhanced by the presence of considerable supersensitivity as shown to exogenous noradrenaline, there would appear to be a dissociation between the results obtained from physical and functional tests of the sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. | An assessment of the cardiovascular sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. Guanethidine treatment of rate (30 mg kg(-1), i.p. daily for 6 weeks) produced a profound reduction in the catecholamine present (as indicated by fluorescence histochemistry and catecholamine determinations) in tissues taken from the cardiovascular system, but there was evidence of the return of catecholamines within 8 weeks. While these changes are consistent with a sympathectomy, the unaltered pressor responses to physostigmine (100 mug kg(-1), i.v.) and to carotid occlusion indicate an unimpaired functional capacity of noradrenergic nerves supplying the cardiovascular system. Although part of the response may be attributed to the unaffected adrenal medulla enhanced by the presence of considerable supersensitivity as shown to exogenous noradrenaline, there would appear to be a dissociation between the results obtained from physical and functional tests of the sympathectomy induced by guanethidine. | [
-0.004724773112684488,
0.020110679790377617,
-0.004821780603379011,
0.044448137283325195,
-0.007072636391967535,
-0.02016308158636093,
0.04308462142944336,
0.016404738649725914,
-0.03927449882030487,
-0.03309301659464836,
-0.04984644055366516,
-0.019055722281336784,
0.004058554768562317,
0.059261076152324677,
-0.021066538989543915,
-0.011799470521509647,
0.02870022878050804,
-0.006704464554786682,
-0.019608113914728165,
-0.027982888743281364,
-0.04140065610408783,
0.02200448326766491,
0.03892618045210838,
-0.042112696915864944,
0.010053707286715508,
-0.013054661452770233,
-0.01340887788683176,
-0.0006778688984923065,
-0.05247858539223671,
-0.16022785007953644,
0.02017645537853241,
-0.040056224912405014,
0.003951124846935272,
-0.025806840509176254,
-0.021809369325637817,
0.022141292691230774,
-0.08985390514135361,
0.006273623555898666,
-0.05104995146393776,
0.029775802046060562,
0.02745645120739937,
0.029571732506155968,
-0.014736217446625233,
0.02917601354420185,
0.03015928529202938,
0.03732048347592354,
-0.04445469379425049,
-0.017584476619958878,
0.09209922701120377,
-0.00680118054151535,
-0.021350907161831856,
0.006856775376945734,
0.04016023129224777,
0.07107318192720413,
0.0028445725329220295,
-0.006537378299981356,
0.036038488149642944,
0.018839234486222267,
-0.016599031165242195,
-0.009609506465494633,
-0.00006937509897397831,
0.06603046506643295,
-0.13975387811660767,
0.024754853919148445,
0.016099534928798676,
-0.03219049796462059,
-0.016826143488287926,
-0.029461773112416267,
0.09115254878997803,
0.06174697354435921,
-0.03222892805933952,
0.04436102882027626,
-0.012202263809740543,
-0.04024481400847435,
0.008103965781629086,
-0.01780230924487114,
-0.026797732338309288,
0.014168639667332172,
0.03808966279029846,
0.014417547732591629,
0.05368505045771599,
0.022551950067281723,
-0.01948034018278122,
-0.05978688970208168,
0.04853038489818573,
-0.037519052624702454,
0.02930079959332943,
-0.023078737780451775,
-0.05257471278309822,
-0.005715536884963512,
-0.00014809616550337523,
-0.07408734411001205,
-0.00027807443984784186,
-0.007073498796671629,
-0.02967805042862892,
-0.028010651469230652,
-0.07225757092237473,
0.03796819970011711,
-0.034236982464790344,
0.4250497817993164,
0.04385469853878021,
0.024396458640694618,
-0.08097021281719208,
-0.011796516366302967,
0.010109487920999527,
-0.003710005898028612,
-0.02881968393921852,
0.008165684528648853,
-0.008046879433095455,
0.07838446646928787,
0.06254679709672928,
-0.00988067127764225,
0.08071894198656082,
-0.05052534490823746,
-0.004644868429750204,
-0.007244201377034187,
0.012092000804841518,
0.04471512883901596,
-0.007933629676699638,
0.05740092694759369,
-0.014901290647685528,
-0.07044412940740585,
-0.0011162058217450976,
-0.015087002888321877,
-0.009631373919546604,
-0.01118574570864439,
-0.015166581608355045,
0.09363995492458344,
0.03828012943267822,
-0.012918462045490742,
0.06040626019239426,
0.006813483778387308,
-0.04648224264383316,
-0.009013161063194275,
0.020687300711870193,
-0.003574879141524434,
0.06487055122852325,
0.022490262985229492,
-0.008246996439993382,
-0.021759813651442528,
0.0019252800848335028,
-0.0766395851969719,
-0.02809395082294941,
-0.07757775485515594,
-0.04293128848075867,
0.12309127300977707,
0.05452501401305199,
0.026421375572681427,
-0.07546646147966385,
0.02228618785738945,
-0.0437682569026947,
0.02338734269142151,
-0.02135774865746498,
0.006608889438211918,
-0.042819783091545105,
0.017006967216730118,
-0.052658990025520325,
0.024486007168889046,
0.015147875063121319,
-0.00002581428452685941,
-0.08604204654693604,
-0.0740552544593811,
-0.018296614289283752,
0.03982410952448845,
0.06254132091999054,
0.01029893197119236,
-0.0394420363008976,
-0.022463833913207054,
0.004397150594741106,
0.038056641817092896,
-0.017402365803718567,
0.015080410055816174,
0.02312992326915264,
-0.0001574048219481483,
-0.03668838366866112,
0.0037499868776649237,
0.07750239223241806,
-0.018088677898049355,
0.04493412375450134,
0.020344069227576256,
0.08658696711063385,
0.03686990216374397,
0.007828867994248867,
-0.003736114129424095,
-0.013440356589853764,
0.006089148577302694,
-0.004964328370988369,
-0.029725516214966774,
-0.03375553339719772,
0.030429501086473465,
-0.01838107779622078,
-0.07674366235733032,
-0.09900575131177902,
-0.018978850916028023,
-0.03175435587763786,
-0.04907099902629852,
-0.036566317081451416,
-0.0062688072212040424,
-0.03568360581994057,
0.020877286791801453,
0.046318307518959045,
0.00329419644549489,
-0.010550296865403652,
0.051628585904836655,
0.03127339109778404,
0.026807228103280067,
-0.02211008407175541,
0.0297868512570858,
0.04232379049062729,
0.031202442944049835,
0.02888805978000164,
0.009161023423075676,
0.08107349276542664,
0.01640818826854229,
-0.040053896605968475,
0.05340701341629028,
-0.038005486130714417,
0.01197083666920662,
0.08425019681453705,
-0.006076154764741659,
0.04273999109864235,
-0.024449095129966736,
0.0043822587467730045,
-0.3182092607021332,
-0.07996568828821182,
-0.015729377046227455,
-0.030951032415032387,
0.07447648048400879,
-0.025096461176872253,
0.02051340602338314,
-0.04523284360766411,
0.04078872501850128,
-0.056002892553806305,
0.008260928094387054,
0.07043921202421188,
-0.02044694311916828,
-0.009989873506128788,
0.04254940152168274,
0.06277021020650864,
0.050337836146354675,
-0.038798000663518906,
-0.008863415569067001,
-0.01499987207353115,
0.012181371450424194,
0.032290227711200714,
0.015094095841050148,
0.019008364528417587,
0.02682729810476303,
-0.026823299005627632,
0.1278069168329239,
0.03329043090343475,
-0.012515244074165821,
-0.003581607947126031,
0.006178767886012793,
0.024797240272164345,
-0.06711128354072571,
-0.11309176683425903,
-0.0004783740150742233,
-0.0359889380633831,
0.03736824169754982,
0.03012593276798725,
0.0032428386621177197,
0.023282207548618317,
-0.0662652924656868,
-0.01559478510171175,
0.00035618944093585014,
-0.005186290945857763,
-0.05324358493089676,
-0.025652358308434486,
-0.00021073037351015955,
0.03931864723563194,
-0.044688742607831955,
0.018891572952270508,
0.03930114954710007,
0.015279443934559822,
-0.006035623140633106,
-0.01434801984578371,
0.01759527251124382,
-0.02955750934779644,
-0.07926182448863983,
0.014995191246271133,
-0.054929181933403015,
0.017138252034783363,
0.005561011377722025,
0.05587692931294441,
-0.008342642337083817,
-0.02756500616669655,
-0.02764006517827511,
0.04728633165359497,
0.06141668185591698,
0.02339557558298111,
0.05343098193407059,
0.013808485120534897,
-0.019912218675017357,
0.0651245266199112,
0.01928013190627098,
-0.016430778428912163,
0.03481770679354668,
-0.00452201534062624,
-0.015745311975479126,
0.019704366102814674,
-0.039874374866485596,
0.005260513164103031,
-0.011709419079124928,
0.003540908684954047,
0.017247403040528297,
0.02736935392022133,
-0.02173633873462677,
-0.022539811208844185,
0.014095389284193516,
0.005249415524303913,
0.018348366022109985,
0.005523993168026209,
0.008451986126601696,
0.05141986533999443,
-0.023138243705034256,
-0.019561296328902245,
0.033343613147735596,
0.02180907502770424,
-0.28691282868385315,
-0.02090882882475853,
0.03785649314522743,
-0.027784574776887894,
-0.020870991051197052,
-0.025282984599471092,
-0.015961509197950363,
0.007007460109889507,
-0.05559791997075081,
0.05115881189703941,
0.0015082263853400946,
0.02593119814991951,
0.06679336726665497,
0.08800611644983292,
-0.052004292607307434,
-0.011591118760406971,
0.03325674310326576,
-0.006930250208824873,
0.036971330642700195,
-0.03913447633385658,
0.01607407256960869,
0.029785165563225746,
0.13495571911334991,
0.012476078234612942,
-0.038685042411088943,
0.025507008656859398,
-0.045854199677705765,
0.018998755142092705,
-0.02498478814959526,
-0.002519340254366398,
-0.0013216352090239525,
-0.028145456686615944,
-0.0005158559652045369,
-0.039133306592702866,
0.06798039376735687,
0.03774091228842735,
-0.07352002710103989,
0.014663202688097954,
-0.026813343167304993,
0.02114703878760338,
-0.060127127915620804,
0.014688714407384396,
0.016192786395549774,
-0.028990520164370537,
0.06538065522909164,
-0.051470186561346054,
-0.09132342785596848,
-0.011443114839494228,
-0.02954106591641903,
0.03049778938293457,
-0.01131727360188961,
0.0228207316249609,
0.06071222573518753,
0.019735973328351974,
0.0003982170601375401,
-0.0165113415569067,
-0.024380574002861977,
-0.02281496301293373,
0.09049521386623383,
-0.023007912561297417,
-0.07354318350553513,
-0.021014545112848282,
-0.02101301960647106,
0.06503169983625412,
0.02581552416086197
] |
PMID:6662 | Some formulation factors affecting the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution of uncoated oxytetracycline tablets. | A study has been made of the effects of gelatin binding agent and moisture content on the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times of oxytetracycline tablets. These properties all increase with the gelatin content, and maximum tensile strengths occur when the tablets contain between 2.5 and 4.5% w/w of moisture. The properties of the tablets depend on their packing fraction and in general, the disintegration and dissolution times are minimal when the packing fraction is between 0.77 and 0.82. A connection has been established between the disintegration times of the tablets and the time required for 50% of the drug content to dissolve. | Some formulation factors affecting the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution of uncoated oxytetracycline tablets. A study has been made of the effects of gelatin binding agent and moisture content on the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times of oxytetracycline tablets. These properties all increase with the gelatin content, and maximum tensile strengths occur when the tablets contain between 2.5 and 4.5% w/w of moisture. The properties of the tablets depend on their packing fraction and in general, the disintegration and dissolution times are minimal when the packing fraction is between 0.77 and 0.82. A connection has been established between the disintegration times of the tablets and the time required for 50% of the drug content to dissolve. | [
-0.06937677413225174,
0.006009054835885763,
0.04882640391588211,
-0.031131507828831673,
-0.021535038948059082,
-0.0288741085678339,
0.01993674226105213,
0.006089505739510059,
-0.027338767424225807,
-0.005803202744573355,
-0.01969955302774906,
-0.030987868085503578,
0.0699554830789566,
0.027348162606358528,
-0.017715701833367348,
0.007404015865176916,
0.04997311532497406,
-0.02504035271704197,
-0.04864327237010002,
0.02141675166785717,
0.013959034346044064,
0.0006754643400199711,
-0.01405247487127781,
-0.026534153148531914,
0.07101783901453018,
0.07110227644443512,
-0.08338875323534012,
-0.02130577154457569,
-0.01904904469847679,
-0.22963929176330566,
-0.015412458218634129,
0.03579265996813774,
-0.03753864765167236,
-0.01850827783346176,
-0.028235556557774544,
0.06907863169908524,
-0.04395148530602455,
0.03849329799413681,
0.026834869757294655,
-0.009013076312839985,
0.10513518750667572,
0.04191743955016136,
-0.04144590348005295,
-0.011778449639678001,
0.015477235428988934,
-0.004872256889939308,
-0.04160437732934952,
-0.007520140148699284,
0.11834046244621277,
0.027080446481704712,
0.08383949100971222,
0.0048730275593698025,
0.05841081216931343,
-0.0043508270755410194,
-0.025421349331736565,
0.010349704883992672,
-0.006885217037051916,
0.0789533331990242,
0.013459276407957077,
0.0184540543705225,
-0.026961248368024826,
0.013173211365938187,
-0.13850630819797516,
0.07681377977132797,
0.07922467589378357,
0.013579125516116619,
-0.027458084747195244,
-0.04983896762132645,
0.047618720680475235,
0.0870780348777771,
-0.042770564556121826,
0.006096671801060438,
0.00696501974016428,
0.03237910196185112,
0.011812694370746613,
-0.01634829491376877,
0.007206716574728489,
-0.025135699659585953,
-0.012519216164946556,
-0.017699746415019035,
0.020969558507204056,
0.031654100865125656,
0.026396911591291428,
-0.09053680300712585,
-0.007660259492695332,
-0.05489806830883026,
0.012865046039223671,
-0.003381251124665141,
-0.002466021804139018,
0.024284014478325844,
0.009425056166946888,
0.022869160398840904,
-0.012593502178788185,
-0.00146918382961303,
-0.07253933697938919,
-0.03775952756404877,
-0.05232790857553482,
-0.04103941470384598,
-0.039067342877388,
0.3643082082271576,
-0.07546436786651611,
-0.028456028550863266,
-0.01484275609254837,
-0.02757732756435871,
0.002196925226598978,
-0.011533448472619057,
0.05094495788216591,
-0.03755567595362663,
-0.062105827033519745,
0.0015478271525353193,
0.013453256338834763,
0.02474970370531082,
-0.020523009821772575,
-0.007044558878988028,
-0.020441265776753426,
0.027258584275841713,
-0.003405956318601966,
-0.008950180374085903,
-0.031742651015520096,
0.013077682815492153,
-0.029451126232743263,
-0.0018683430971577764,
0.024729391559958458,
-0.004871957004070282,
0.028115281835198402,
-0.021572066470980644,
-0.039914075285196304,
0.05602894350886345,
-0.017299696803092957,
-0.009654635563492775,
0.0059195770882070065,
-0.018699979409575462,
0.01212282758206129,
0.0013305733446031809,
0.008745075203478336,
0.0033159004524350166,
0.005092560313642025,
-0.05422535911202431,
0.022180374711751938,
0.006487682927399874,
-0.058158740401268005,
-0.05494340881705284,
0.03849482536315918,
-0.07061857730150223,
-0.06105519458651543,
0.09547437727451324,
0.046691540628671646,
-0.002418380929157138,
-0.01921943575143814,
-0.021816160529851913,
-0.03265892714262009,
0.00418678717687726,
-0.044248249381780624,
0.018460549414157867,
0.02586979605257511,
0.010658168233931065,
-0.04483216628432274,
0.023750392720103264,
-0.03783390671014786,
-0.033219851553440094,
-0.00361854606308043,
-0.04650777205824852,
-0.09064134955406189,
0.11117752641439438,
-0.06440846621990204,
-0.038152243942022324,
0.008600610308349133,
0.008605587296187878,
0.05744454264640808,
0.00949028693139553,
0.07136532664299011,
-0.01805303432047367,
-0.012694871984422207,
-0.0029483637772500515,
0.012985591776669025,
0.02574627473950386,
0.02964084967970848,
-0.04599146172404289,
0.05970827490091324,
0.006347248796373606,
0.05543495714664459,
0.08637256175279617,
-0.030861837789416313,
0.03609665110707283,
0.028276462107896805,
-0.006293219979852438,
-0.05800778418779373,
0.0010607053991407156,
0.07280727475881577,
0.0029358614701777697,
-0.02200041152536869,
-0.028152132406830788,
-0.10350528359413147,
0.04352713003754616,
-0.0011550046037882566,
0.023033536970615387,
-0.06771417707204819,
0.0291895791888237,
-0.020729320123791695,
-0.02682482637465,
0.10980224609375,
0.04622388258576393,
0.017028624191880226,
0.018072953447699547,
0.0908597931265831,
0.03565889969468117,
0.05326465517282486,
-0.022324759513139725,
0.012136404402554035,
0.011596896685659885,
-0.017169075086712837,
0.044913146644830704,
0.01465140376240015,
-0.018781088292598724,
0.01988508552312851,
0.009722540155053139,
0.033526234328746796,
-0.0006165792583487928,
0.017670603469014168,
-0.016319023445248604,
0.03554430976510048,
-0.05827169120311737,
-0.0399116650223732,
-0.31524232029914856,
0.013502411544322968,
0.01783001981675625,
0.032034508883953094,
0.09875848144292831,
0.021992281079292297,
0.03779302164912224,
-0.013972360640764236,
0.036510907113552094,
-0.053557392209768295,
0.10138975828886032,
0.04101112112402916,
-0.015992194414138794,
-0.05026698485016823,
0.0024652048014104366,
-0.04467776045203209,
0.005244874395430088,
0.017468838021159172,
-0.009979378432035446,
0.02630726806819439,
-0.018087834119796753,
-0.03447572514414787,
-0.05139546096324921,
-0.0018136979779228568,
0.05292263999581337,
0.030441109091043472,
0.11308073997497559,
-0.10875098407268524,
-0.059989750385284424,
0.00019884540233761072,
-0.011048218235373497,
-0.010594237595796585,
-0.0675615519285202,
-0.04480241239070892,
-0.014013037085533142,
-0.014756757766008377,
0.01982935518026352,
-0.049534209072589874,
-0.02096416801214218,
0.0319877527654171,
0.0029470291920006275,
0.07747979462146759,
0.07225818932056427,
-0.02289659157395363,
-0.05564800649881363,
0.010135076008737087,
-0.011386309750378132,
0.021697653457522392,
-0.0377657376229763,
0.04810398072004318,
0.007102853152900934,
0.050131797790527344,
0.013080432079732418,
0.011880556121468544,
0.03189452737569809,
-0.0054288823157548904,
0.018570931628346443,
0.011189074255526066,
-0.013277361169457436,
-0.028159935027360916,
-0.05117735266685486,
-0.0052279140800237656,
0.04166810214519501,
-0.001573515823110938,
-0.054070714861154556,
-0.01572810299694538,
0.018287070095539093,
-0.048477716743946075,
0.0047035920433700085,
-0.009926259517669678,
0.010913482867181301,
0.06989450007677078,
-0.06236417219042778,
0.04407791048288345,
0.02651681937277317,
0.04003226384520531,
-0.04093269631266594,
0.010718390345573425,
-0.02691221423447132,
0.007380022667348385,
-0.03438359498977661,
0.055336128920316696,
-0.0018674128223210573,
-0.005107475444674492,
0.01517517864704132,
-0.02117338590323925,
-0.04349552094936371,
-0.014679891988635063,
0.05397468060255051,
0.009131246246397495,
0.062318604439496994,
0.02270612120628357,
-0.02558278478682041,
-0.0011709128739312291,
0.0425441637635231,
0.012899654917418957,
-0.2809637784957886,
0.041209541261196136,
0.0832807719707489,
0.058223966509103775,
-0.022819600999355316,
-0.014718227088451385,
0.037111248821020126,
0.035217441618442535,
-0.05379415675997734,
-0.03567538037896156,
0.0038928650319576263,
-0.009933707304298878,
0.017201948910951614,
-0.05900786817073822,
0.015421882271766663,
0.0021458116825670004,
0.09124857187271118,
-0.05491369590163231,
0.003138228552415967,
0.0014563758159056306,
0.014347659423947334,
-0.03205720707774162,
0.13575071096420288,
-0.011057312600314617,
-0.01691313460469246,
0.0547211691737175,
0.003138963133096695,
0.08423510193824768,
-0.03959274664521217,
-0.0049532693810760975,
-0.016242224723100662,
0.06953559070825577,
0.04303203895688057,
-0.007847570814192295,
0.017466604709625244,
-0.014160984195768833,
-0.02940070815384388,
-0.006084368098527193,
0.03438252583146095,
-0.034261997789144516,
0.00785620417445898,
-0.04903813824057579,
-0.041032690554857254,
0.029471300542354584,
0.03635861724615097,
-0.04944971203804016,
-0.04874056205153465,
-0.04734799265861511,
0.012492753565311432,
-0.027360709384083748,
-0.06156740337610245,
-0.05951111018657684,
0.012740988284349442,
-0.017737941816449165,
0.011770034208893776,
-0.004067931789904833,
-0.022144660353660583,
0.035176653414964676,
0.01684953086078167,
0.02484951913356781,
-0.027255455031991005,
-0.00182835862506181,
-0.013666785322129726,
0.04487720504403114,
-0.0012833053478971124
] |
PMID:6667 | Factors affecting the binding of tricyclic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin. | The linear free energy-related model for structure activity relations developed by Hansch & Fujita (1964) has been used to correlate the binding of tricylic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophobic and electronic parameters. The parameters chosen being the chromatographic parameter (Rm) and the affinity of charge transfer complex formation (kc). The relative importance of these factors has been assessed by linear and multiple linear regression analysis. Results show that the major factor in binding is electronic with only a minor contribution from the hydrophobic parameter. | Factors affecting the binding of tricyclic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin. The linear free energy-related model for structure activity relations developed by Hansch & Fujita (1964) has been used to correlate the binding of tricylic tranquillizers and antidepressants to human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophobic and electronic parameters. The parameters chosen being the chromatographic parameter (Rm) and the affinity of charge transfer complex formation (kc). The relative importance of these factors has been assessed by linear and multiple linear regression analysis. Results show that the major factor in binding is electronic with only a minor contribution from the hydrophobic parameter. | [
-0.03400295227766037,
0.025906899943947792,
0.0006931355455890298,
0.02405359596014023,
0.0006156559684313834,
-0.02802719734609127,
0.11787468940019608,
0.010593949817121029,
-0.024410881102085114,
-0.026238983497023582,
0.014479665085673332,
-0.0024810025934129953,
0.05243159085512161,
0.01272378396242857,
-0.010766178369522095,
0.011050703935325146,
0.06170615553855896,
-0.03233359381556511,
-0.061762113124132156,
0.0156696829944849,
-0.027796264737844467,
-0.00846516527235508,
-0.01084230188280344,
-0.008291669189929962,
0.06221967563033104,
0.08699005097150803,
-0.022947266697883606,
0.04921995848417282,
-0.037315476685762405,
-0.21613505482673645,
0.013269821181893349,
0.029609767720103264,
0.012208374217152596,
-0.018551133573055267,
-0.028911622241139412,
0.030926307663321495,
-0.04198237508535385,
0.0027186924125999212,
-0.02605123445391655,
0.017827490344643593,
0.05199672654271126,
0.081728495657444,
-0.01955581083893776,
-0.007684845943003893,
0.012232625856995583,
-0.00224703224375844,
-0.011478153057396412,
0.029357388615608215,
0.04263073951005936,
0.02356841042637825,
0.01440346334129572,
0.0073456233367323875,
-0.001282131066545844,
0.05824828892946243,
-0.019768111407756805,
0.03368029743432999,
-0.016330784186720848,
0.04093196988105774,
-0.031607598066329956,
0.04391816630959511,
0.011773324571549892,
0.07474067062139511,
-0.14268341660499573,
0.0827995091676712,
0.06299932301044464,
-0.04950464889407158,
-0.012638742104172707,
-0.03737686201930046,
0.029326172545552254,
0.058226339519023895,
-0.043650560081005096,
0.002530238591134548,
0.004119827412068844,
0.007999972440302372,
0.016474181786179543,
-0.03288469463586807,
-0.014472955837845802,
0.01623186469078064,
-0.01037324033677578,
-0.07009094953536987,
-0.008280049078166485,
0.024890214204788208,
0.02162901498377323,
-0.00869609136134386,
-0.013923371210694313,
0.030001096427440643,
0.03613608330488205,
-0.021486356854438782,
0.023062698543071747,
0.003315364010632038,
0.0005594309186562896,
-0.045256778597831726,
0.00004713965972769074,
-0.018073445186018944,
-0.03849858045578003,
0.03200934827327728,
-0.016465889289975166,
0.005620921496301889,
-0.0545361153781414,
0.3909164071083069,
-0.019355829805135727,
0.06294028460979462,
-0.06182349845767021,
-0.021916575729846954,
-0.026321489363908768,
-0.005270696245133877,
-0.004719540476799011,
-0.07726141810417175,
-0.003801142331212759,
-0.006858248729258776,
0.03625912964344025,
-0.013603935949504375,
0.03550497442483902,
-0.12228839099407196,
-0.012066440656781197,
0.011897938326001167,
0.011492733843624592,
-0.00453355023637414,
0.004881319124251604,
-0.039856333285570145,
-0.056781694293022156,
0.007544858381152153,
0.03596854209899902,
0.02920956164598465,
0.03802845627069473,
-0.002271850360557437,
-0.054222285747528076,
0.07938562333583832,
0.08302564173936844,
0.007362335454672575,
0.06406509876251221,
0.04299071803689003,
0.0002575831604190171,
0.012260885909199715,
0.04864601418375969,
-0.042607761919498444,
0.04112634435296059,
-0.04570334777235985,
0.02482425980269909,
0.017567988485097885,
0.03500008210539818,
-0.044026054441928864,
-0.013080373406410217,
-0.07863518595695496,
-0.03622031211853027,
0.11317884922027588,
0.015295613557100296,
-0.040046535432338715,
-0.010332155972719193,
0.005885617341846228,
-0.029988834634423256,
0.052869703620672226,
0.0045999810099601746,
0.04789678752422333,
-0.02103491500020027,
0.01880689710378647,
0.020401783287525177,
-0.024748381227254868,
-0.03886681795120239,
-0.002500461181625724,
-0.0736059844493866,
0.003777846461161971,
-0.019895197823643684,
0.07628306746482849,
-0.04386735334992409,
0.0024672518484294415,
0.010841317474842072,
-0.03800037503242493,
-0.010690025053918362,
0.012417515739798546,
0.020641151815652847,
0.020239779725670815,
-0.04006066173315048,
-0.028769396245479584,
-0.029270071536302567,
0.0520002543926239,
0.020581208169460297,
-0.009958522394299507,
0.02309391461312771,
0.0007015402661636472,
0.025381460785865784,
0.04128497093915939,
-0.037856537848711014,
0.00650152750313282,
0.023285960778594017,
0.002258965279906988,
-0.04950403794646263,
0.02055766060948372,
-0.052143290638923645,
0.06972810626029968,
-0.01176198199391365,
0.03772611916065216,
-0.020070889964699745,
0.08000415563583374,
-0.10111985355615616,
-0.02583473175764084,
-0.06367836147546768,
0.02945557050406933,
-0.014629102312028408,
0.014292077161371708,
0.10251319408416748,
0.0391499325633049,
-0.07238613069057465,
0.056085750460624695,
0.047073427587747574,
0.0259352158755064,
0.02624363824725151,
-0.0008561302674934268,
0.0482138954102993,
-0.00454696174710989,
0.005014618393033743,
0.03331160172820091,
-0.031104978173971176,
-0.024538639932870865,
-0.0450102873146534,
0.025425415486097336,
0.019181402400135994,
0.020683299750089645,
0.028191717341542244,
-0.006074422039091587,
0.03804301097989082,
-0.038403261452913284,
-0.06695953756570816,
-0.3303104639053345,
-0.015110467560589314,
0.013813799247145653,
0.0025394135154783726,
0.05874758958816528,
-0.044355787336826324,
0.02657151035964489,
-0.01177428662776947,
-0.04124182090163231,
-0.01083360705524683,
0.043224118649959564,
0.056970663368701935,
-0.04018678888678551,
-0.060011573135852814,
-0.0261329747736454,
-0.032771624624729156,
0.006352332420647144,
-0.02011757902801037,
-0.01795419491827488,
0.02709386497735977,
-0.02093740738928318,
-0.0009596642339602113,
-0.05198001116514206,
-0.0005883111734874547,
0.056336503475904465,
0.020182257518172264,
0.08172129839658737,
-0.06442610174417496,
-0.06357598304748535,
0.027917224913835526,
-0.017147250473499298,
0.06115369498729706,
-0.040425751358270645,
-0.09823505580425262,
-0.0217646025121212,
-0.04315730929374695,
0.027196981012821198,
-0.024331970140337944,
-0.022724110633134842,
-0.029694708064198494,
-0.0525946244597435,
0.07802027463912964,
0.026995806023478508,
0.01733670011162758,
-0.07959344983100891,
0.016266461461782455,
0.017375728115439415,
0.010247506201267242,
-0.024748995900154114,
0.0266459621489048,
0.05662105977535248,
0.03206184506416321,
-0.00693020923063159,
-0.041911531239748,
0.004762768745422363,
-0.011018884368240833,
-0.018706263974308968,
0.0158082228153944,
-0.02097797580063343,
0.019664891064167023,
-0.006285994779318571,
-0.015638256445527077,
0.07075191289186478,
0.0036877503152936697,
-0.0013419323367998004,
-0.03864080086350441,
0.026649218052625656,
-0.022595858201384544,
0.04838405176997185,
0.027353817597031593,
-0.009191600605845451,
0.11081433296203613,
-0.02462058886885643,
0.09877193719148636,
0.09152699261903763,
-0.00708216056227684,
-0.026973018422722816,
-0.042317040264606476,
-0.031070588156580925,
0.03881385177373886,
-0.03627517446875572,
-0.023823358118534088,
-0.0363212488591671,
-0.013092816807329655,
0.003154015401378274,
-0.02011045813560486,
0.012968070805072784,
-0.046615321189165115,
0.016350649297237396,
-0.02242513746023178,
-0.02197275497019291,
-0.04442838579416275,
-0.051529135555028915,
-0.036105554550886154,
0.010366796515882015,
0.0582076720893383,
-0.2924649715423584,
0.01508728601038456,
0.0055578937754035,
0.06324455887079239,
-0.015538763254880905,
0.0021184918005019426,
0.06346280127763748,
-0.029079416766762733,
-0.028479263186454773,
-0.04947192221879959,
-0.019006920978426933,
0.048208821564912796,
0.04903429374098778,
0.0055204834789037704,
-0.027692588046193123,
-0.03433776646852493,
0.041580747812986374,
-0.07992681115865707,
-0.007788203656673431,
-0.0008725636871531606,
-0.013772170059382915,
0.031078651547431946,
0.15020231902599335,
0.0022705525625497103,
0.007366165518760681,
0.07006017118692398,
0.0005133023951202631,
0.05728551745414734,
-0.04737430810928345,
-0.007503162603825331,
-0.029786065220832825,
0.02401806227862835,
0.060118407011032104,
-0.042698249220848083,
0.009242134168744087,
0.0011010610032826662,
-0.04295556992292404,
-0.023745937272906303,
-0.003167177317664027,
0.01752193085849285,
-0.00852652546018362,
0.03535090759396553,
-0.027821188792586327,
-0.023759618401527405,
0.061516910791397095,
-0.05964381992816925,
-0.051634471863508224,
0.007588080130517483,
-0.04165652021765709,
-0.015691382810473442,
-0.005046137608587742,
0.03264736011624336,
-0.013505080714821815,
0.003741283668205142,
0.022454310208559036,
0.02954854629933834,
-0.03092602826654911,
0.011751394718885422,
-0.0003359018010087311,
0.0006554375286214054,
-0.04627984017133713,
0.0072183990851044655,
-0.022730689495801926,
0.04396698623895645,
0.02365814335644245
] |
PMID:6668 | Reversed ester analogues of pethidine: isomeric 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidines. | The preparation and stereochemical characterization of all three isomeric forms of 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidine is described. Of these, only the t-2-Me, c-6-Me, r-4-OCOMe isomer was an effective analgesic in mice (2.3 X pethidine) as judged by the hot-plate test. The results, together with reported data, demonstrate the potency raising effects of axial methyl alpha- to nitrogen and the lowering action of equatorial alpha-methyl substituents in reversed esters of pethidine. | Reversed ester analogues of pethidine: isomeric 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidines. The preparation and stereochemical characterization of all three isomeric forms of 4-acetoxy-1, 2, 6-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidine is described. Of these, only the t-2-Me, c-6-Me, r-4-OCOMe isomer was an effective analgesic in mice (2.3 X pethidine) as judged by the hot-plate test. The results, together with reported data, demonstrate the potency raising effects of axial methyl alpha- to nitrogen and the lowering action of equatorial alpha-methyl substituents in reversed esters of pethidine. | [
-0.0745052695274353,
-0.01167014054954052,
-0.00282416888512671,
0.04415890946984291,
0.03663899004459381,
0.03990478441119194,
0.03504709526896477,
0.05168021470308304,
-0.08273642510175705,
0.03487313911318779,
0.015635022893548012,
-0.03279031813144684,
-0.0128756333142519,
-0.0647704005241394,
0.018651695922017097,
-0.0174324382096529,
0.0006345034344121814,
-0.014808401465415955,
-0.0214786808937788,
-0.026170942932367325,
0.0042854007333517075,
-0.03618288412690163,
0.04636165872216225,
0.00846945121884346,
0.04610702395439148,
0.03136521577835083,
0.05006958171725273,
0.07258220762014389,
-0.029141388833522797,
-0.18221282958984375,
0.012616298161447048,
0.004367758519947529,
0.003338717855513096,
-0.03723589703440666,
-0.020456714555621147,
0.027008166536688805,
-0.0435551255941391,
0.03772392496466637,
-0.04544622078537941,
0.025959718972444534,
0.0018786428263410926,
-0.009955169633030891,
-0.012656547129154205,
0.016058113425970078,
0.012471454218029976,
0.020338568836450577,
-0.06926431506872177,
-0.0029942633118480444,
0.07559136301279068,
-0.030202621594071388,
0.06569060683250427,
0.011116753332316875,
-0.05366979166865349,
0.0352940559387207,
0.02942170761525631,
-0.02975429780781269,
-0.04781986400485039,
0.013771708123385906,
-0.021002985537052155,
0.01411235611885786,
0.029203899204730988,
0.05932439863681793,
-0.14775894582271576,
0.03724999353289604,
-0.01347527839243412,
0.022919904440641403,
-0.06397649645805359,
-0.020050546154379845,
-0.01786891184747219,
0.057603880763053894,
-0.07288790494203568,
0.024117089807987213,
0.012480431236326694,
-0.007172976154834032,
-0.010739450342953205,
0.0036356619093567133,
-0.02200121060013771,
-0.001257887575775385,
0.05495462194085121,
-0.0064745377749204636,
0.005504266824573278,
-0.0013257066020742059,
0.0035852380096912384,
-0.07077024132013321,
-0.0032103406265378,
-0.02161986008286476,
0.02311316318809986,
0.04448460415005684,
0.01403855998069048,
0.02547137811779976,
0.008539112284779549,
-0.025208910927176476,
0.017075104638934135,
-0.028877679258584976,
-0.07043556123971939,
-0.001125904149375856,
0.011544960550963879,
0.008514867164194584,
0.03327234834432602,
0.3453424572944641,
-0.009015331044793129,
0.02145373821258545,
-0.08902983367443085,
-0.028386151418089867,
0.06791301816701889,
-0.03592293709516525,
0.005119681358337402,
-0.029491715133190155,
0.004127318039536476,
0.03194167837500572,
0.04210085794329643,
0.06139049679040909,
0.05997218191623688,
-0.04442763328552246,
-0.08504348993301392,
-0.02785222791135311,
-0.0173676498234272,
0.04217647761106491,
0.03370072692632675,
-0.009500549174845219,
0.00898510217666626,
-0.03189026936888695,
0.04711833968758583,
0.037225570529699326,
0.0539536327123642,
0.000763536780141294,
-0.060171280056238174,
0.04684919863939285,
0.04143296554684639,
0.038107845932245255,
0.04554362595081329,
-0.0008635600679554045,
0.03264332935214043,
0.004144818056374788,
0.009178549982607365,
-0.011767376214265823,
0.0100968386977911,
-0.036380719393491745,
0.0244278647005558,
-0.00807921588420868,
-0.03790406882762909,
-0.05183495581150055,
-0.01738901250064373,
-0.012100446969270706,
-0.08788957446813583,
0.07260522991418839,
0.04988953471183777,
0.028609013184905052,
-0.05208121985197067,
0.09541159868240356,
0.014761739410459995,
0.03148137405514717,
-0.03090091608464718,
0.042649950832128525,
0.006536843255162239,
-0.0029656793922185898,
0.021202944219112396,
0.015206640586256981,
-0.06344103813171387,
0.035981934517621994,
-0.04219627380371094,
-0.014585471712052822,
-0.013051239773631096,
0.11801125854253769,
-0.06018824502825737,
-0.04397393763065338,
-0.03139406815171242,
0.08689320087432861,
0.014445518143475056,
0.028309902176260948,
0.04394027963280678,
-0.03262942656874657,
0.007305666338652372,
0.0063041988760232925,
-0.07594297081232071,
-0.024974238127470016,
0.05824003741145134,
-0.09095367789268494,
-0.015956783667206764,
-0.042391423135995865,
0.058403052389621735,
-0.05332866311073303,
0.07064832001924515,
-0.005292926449328661,
-0.006238021422177553,
0.012013488449156284,
-0.07236763834953308,
-0.02762760780751705,
-0.024192513898015022,
-0.010534637607634068,
-0.01015629805624485,
-0.016541024670004845,
-0.05718378722667694,
0.03197125717997551,
-0.036873310804367065,
-0.07898930460214615,
-0.02689616195857525,
0.021024880930781364,
-0.030678411945700645,
-0.05130420997738838,
0.11969999223947525,
0.014436720870435238,
0.016608022153377533,
0.009028819389641285,
0.03254038840532303,
0.0688079446554184,
0.05978165194392204,
0.0027709368150681257,
0.05715533345937729,
0.02812468819320202,
-0.03944186866283417,
0.013385665602982044,
0.024564461782574654,
-0.016107166185975075,
-0.06799422204494476,
-0.001165723311714828,
0.023853374645113945,
0.028288347646594048,
0.04620467498898506,
0.04577650502324104,
0.015884684398770332,
-0.015834160149097443,
0.017734726890921593,
-0.2946629226207733,
0.02259220741689205,
0.04636020213365555,
-0.06099015846848488,
0.09464729577302933,
-0.04342251643538475,
0.059402987360954285,
-0.033458247780799866,
0.033745624125003815,
-0.038689032196998596,
0.0153804337605834,
0.07924988120794296,
-0.018913671374320984,
-0.016049714758992195,
0.019880685955286026,
0.09378224611282349,
0.01940145716071129,
-0.04232146218419075,
-0.01048990897834301,
0.03210478648543358,
-0.006982374936342239,
-0.05760763958096504,
-0.042279940098524094,
-0.001574358786456287,
0.026479501277208328,
-0.041807159781455994,
0.11730095744132996,
0.019048063084483147,
0.024839285761117935,
0.032700274139642715,
-0.0017891119932755828,
0.042386554181575775,
-0.02390948496758938,
-0.05917647108435631,
0.015544423833489418,
-0.03970552980899811,
0.07924071699380875,
-0.06777463108301163,
0.015946708619594574,
-0.01932339556515217,
-0.015961231663823128,
0.026360532268881798,
-0.0034116695169359446,
-0.10245802253484726,
-0.03979355841875076,
-0.01755841262638569,
-0.0426994264125824,
0.019632138311862946,
0.02076183818280697,
-0.013091875240206718,
0.03475222364068031,
-0.034564536064863205,
0.04104001820087433,
-0.019458306953310966,
-0.04864951968193054,
-0.02449641562998295,
-0.05805310234427452,
0.001517811673693359,
-0.0037555042654275894,
-0.011228437535464764,
0.035863135010004044,
-0.01458343118429184,
0.036816392093896866,
-0.020076191052794456,
-0.024887004867196083,
0.01867096498608589,
0.01810896024107933,
-0.030328111723065376,
0.046616438776254654,
-0.020375413820147514,
-0.010835539549589157,
0.08352736383676529,
-0.08629672974348068,
0.008501855656504631,
0.04293998330831528,
0.012936903163790703,
-0.00789085403084755,
0.008810902014374733,
-0.09375499933958054,
0.03204464912414551,
-0.075545534491539,
0.000536275387275964,
0.01522375363856554,
-0.06412961333990097,
-0.02779645100235939,
-0.03748854249715805,
0.007971622981131077,
-0.011069424450397491,
0.10555131733417511,
-0.014085724018514156,
0.05564509704709053,
0.032112546265125275,
-0.03332674503326416,
-0.03698597475886345,
0.04971640557050705,
0.006393868941813707,
-0.23845550417900085,
-0.04763603210449219,
-0.01745408959686756,
0.03218434751033783,
-0.02885962836444378,
-0.053378231823444366,
0.011083516292273998,
-0.08763830363750458,
-0.016864856705069542,
-0.008263683877885342,
-0.04163096472620964,
0.09208519756793976,
0.02860349230468273,
0.03897258639335632,
-0.0016241229604929686,
0.01775328628718853,
0.0241425558924675,
0.0054333447478711605,
0.03182629123330116,
-0.037809088826179504,
-0.03800664842128754,
-0.04322972521185875,
0.1531980037689209,
0.008774753659963608,
-0.037961721420288086,
0.03744407743215561,
0.003377476241439581,
-0.013672472909092903,
0.004721814300864935,
-0.01623734086751938,
-0.028353288769721985,
-0.02517033740878105,
0.07083478569984436,
-0.03659651055932045,
0.07553698867559433,
0.07771862298250198,
-0.13081413507461548,
0.04789803922176361,
0.03104061260819435,
0.036375924944877625,
-0.03058626689016819,
0.009973570704460144,
-0.04925348237156868,
-0.04726795852184296,
0.04494861885905266,
-0.037838272750377655,
-0.07950840890407562,
-0.018313761800527573,
-0.0024733184836804867,
0.019731737673282623,
0.033312056213617325,
0.03099144995212555,
-0.03528990224003792,
0.030697861686348915,
0.021630587056279182,
0.03170902281999588,
-0.022710146382451057,
-0.02336469665169716,
0.039843395352363586,
0.01579432189464569,
-0.01206703670322895,
-0.00476427236571908,
-0.0068297251127660275,
0.08611766993999481,
0.08897054195404053
] |
PMID:6669 | Studies with the International Pyrogen Standard on the sensitivity and reproducibility of pharmacopoeial pyrogen testing. | Rabbits, 27 or 36 in each experiment, were injected with the International Pyrogen Standard (I.P.St.) in different seasons. The maximum temperature rises were registered, randomized and interpreted according to the requirements of the B.P. (1973), U.S.P. (1970), P. Hung. (1970) and P. Nord. (1962). Although the dose of 3.5 ng kg(-1) I.P.St. proved to be non-pyrogenic as tested in summer, when tested in winter the same dose was qualified pyrogenic (to be rejected) by up to one third of the combinations by the criteria of the four Pharmacopoeias. In the spring experiment "to be rejected" qualifications predominated as based on the response of large groups of rabbits. Exclusion of the rabbits showing low sensitivity (before randomization) barely influenced the results with 3.5 ng kg(-1) I.P.St. in the experiment in which the mean temperature rise was 0.49 degrees. If, however, the mean temperature rise was higher (0.57 or 0.69 degrees), such a selection practically resulted in the disappearance of "passable" qualifications in the triplet groups and a great predominance of "to be rejected" qualifications in the larger groups. The dose 7.0 ng kg(-1) consistently proved to be pyrogenic in large groups of rabbits. | Studies with the International Pyrogen Standard on the sensitivity and reproducibility of pharmacopoeial pyrogen testing. Rabbits, 27 or 36 in each experiment, were injected with the International Pyrogen Standard (I.P.St.) in different seasons. The maximum temperature rises were registered, randomized and interpreted according to the requirements of the B.P. (1973), U.S.P. (1970), P. Hung. (1970) and P. Nord. (1962). Although the dose of 3.5 ng kg(-1) I.P.St. proved to be non-pyrogenic as tested in summer, when tested in winter the same dose was qualified pyrogenic (to be rejected) by up to one third of the combinations by the criteria of the four Pharmacopoeias. In the spring experiment "to be rejected" qualifications predominated as based on the response of large groups of rabbits. Exclusion of the rabbits showing low sensitivity (before randomization) barely influenced the results with 3.5 ng kg(-1) I.P.St. in the experiment in which the mean temperature rise was 0.49 degrees. If, however, the mean temperature rise was higher (0.57 or 0.69 degrees), such a selection practically resulted in the disappearance of "passable" qualifications in the triplet groups and a great predominance of "to be rejected" qualifications in the larger groups. The dose 7.0 ng kg(-1) consistently proved to be pyrogenic in large groups of rabbits. | [
-0.04192177951335907,
0.017297621816396713,
0.06295150518417358,
0.048551831394433975,
0.10234390199184418,
0.005135798826813698,
0.030519820749759674,
0.012967622838914394,
-0.07858630269765854,
-0.0049547539092600346,
-0.005063030403107405,
-0.05314815789461136,
0.006432546302676201,
0.0304426196962595,
-0.06621266901493073,
0.008749822154641151,
-0.0036820489913225174,
-0.06842941790819168,
-0.029355745762586594,
0.021732408553361893,
0.018116246908903122,
-0.018799113109707832,
0.03150098770856857,
-0.03229617327451706,
0.028021302074193954,
0.0492299348115921,
0.02284499816596508,
-0.0012092171236872673,
-0.0326029397547245,
-0.18531855940818787,
-0.012413815595209599,
-0.03925666958093643,
0.01343708299100399,
-0.05537578463554382,
-0.05568670853972435,
0.028226276859641075,
-0.02313985861837864,
-0.0625944510102272,
0.0025347645860165358,
0.05235377699136734,
-0.0033628165256232023,
0.01737036556005478,
0.009684920310974121,
0.03354499489068985,
0.00012618661276064813,
0.019628746435046196,
-0.050872404128313065,
0.016341479495167732,
0.034081652760505676,
0.0188796017318964,
0.013116336427628994,
-0.01989792287349701,
-0.02285960502922535,
0.05519361421465874,
-0.03804963827133179,
0.011616086587309837,
0.006376694887876511,
0.0462995283305645,
0.023589910939335823,
0.007746650837361813,
-0.0261393953114748,
0.07702062278985977,
-0.15220297873020172,
-0.005711606238037348,
0.07128486782312393,
-0.03680830076336861,
-0.04888666793704033,
-0.04719962179660797,
0.02862299233675003,
0.0011312663555145264,
0.0020678937435150146,
0.04909760132431984,
0.0381275936961174,
0.019717274233698845,
0.009371139109134674,
0.029976923018693924,
-0.014922440983355045,
-0.03371328115463257,
0.04840785637497902,
0.021735234186053276,
0.008455987088382244,
0.018610483035445213,
-0.015615267679095268,
-0.0035271495580673218,
0.016268491744995117,
-0.06486723572015762,
0.0412561297416687,
-0.005301183555275202,
0.017468055710196495,
0.02094239927828312,
-0.028520701453089714,
0.002839248161762953,
-0.04403448849916458,
-0.05919257178902626,
-0.017468689009547234,
0.008346124552190304,
0.07900749146938324,
-0.014417837373912334,
0.01612016372382641,
0.44830048084259033,
-0.022633040323853493,
0.029405120760202408,
-0.11536454409360886,
0.03331390768289566,
0.017343031242489815,
0.006491228472441435,
0.008399692364037037,
-0.048989757895469666,
0.009839757345616817,
0.016749080270528793,
0.04775085300207138,
0.016731390729546547,
0.012002743780612946,
0.006637635175138712,
-0.021845007315278053,
0.0007959112408570945,
0.048488110303878784,
0.05434468016028404,
-0.006799706723541021,
0.05647601932287216,
0.0014789043925702572,
-0.0074827889911830425,
0.06680195778608322,
-0.04796690493822098,
0.02705867774784565,
-0.034886375069618225,
0.007040280848741531,
0.07752516120672226,
0.009769279509782791,
0.02773869037628174,
0.028204189613461494,
-0.026325106620788574,
0.022002456709742546,
-0.03296065703034401,
-0.012615982443094254,
-0.023246923461556435,
-0.0036435325164347887,
-0.02034916914999485,
0.04565468430519104,
0.027001872658729553,
0.0019278227118775249,
-0.08181614428758621,
0.031188156455755234,
-0.08427543193101883,
-0.05293169990181923,
0.07261740416288376,
0.011191459372639656,
0.03793622553348541,
-0.056485604494810104,
-0.01588618755340576,
-0.0017812175210565329,
0.02495630830526352,
-0.004529064986854792,
-0.004830042365938425,
0.06298086792230606,
-0.03490234538912773,
-0.037742964923381805,
0.03153542801737785,
0.0444411002099514,
-0.023746294900774956,
-0.04833099618554115,
-0.03948938846588135,
0.01401908602565527,
0.024712692946195602,
0.001839968259446323,
0.002970475237816572,
0.0016388673102483153,
0.030238626524806023,
0.023256562650203705,
0.017110802233219147,
0.0028387675993144512,
0.013312654569745064,
-0.04207950830459595,
0.009817233309149742,
-0.058384187519550323,
-0.04001544043421745,
-0.005255970172584057,
0.001536288415081799,
0.050798483192920685,
0.053223222494125366,
0.028402332216501236,
-0.01351769920438528,
0.03621514514088631,
0.014208543114364147,
0.018942495808005333,
0.019319677725434303,
-0.06992563605308533,
-0.009783332236111164,
0.012529518455266953,
0.03449453413486481,
-0.008754272945225239,
0.0044210925698280334,
-0.072952039539814,
0.018006708472967148,
-0.0026448958087712526,
0.013700908049941063,
-0.022367676720023155,
0.02897835522890091,
0.03729262575507164,
-0.04152810573577881,
0.04856891185045242,
-0.03729737550020218,
0.019153567031025887,
0.010400712490081787,
0.060421958565711975,
0.04745826497673988,
0.05538095161318779,
-0.029853293672204018,
0.06362047046422958,
0.005659700836986303,
-0.012195998802781105,
-0.01984304189682007,
-0.036514490842819214,
-0.021215375512838364,
-0.049263518303632736,
0.042382631450891495,
-0.005851901136338711,
-0.011764849536120892,
0.02036224491894245,
0.017766574397683144,
0.046465106308460236,
-0.010787821374833584,
-0.018956467509269714,
-0.3414425551891327,
-0.028044383972883224,
0.039027877151966095,
-0.011728017590939999,
0.11414498835802078,
-0.052392665296792984,
0.025558343157172203,
-0.015606076456606388,
-0.03532218933105469,
-0.009333277121186256,
0.0368841290473938,
0.04501098021864891,
-0.03626261278986931,
-0.026082735508680344,
-0.018236493691802025,
0.007913710549473763,
0.01669749617576599,
-0.048694465309381485,
0.008891420438885689,
0.021459827199578285,
-0.06922007352113724,
0.006501888390630484,
-0.012128638103604317,
0.015736546367406845,
0.06064625829458237,
0.010419558733701706,
0.09442243725061417,
-0.0057749622501432896,
-0.0458577424287796,
-0.04507169499993324,
0.03487292677164078,
-0.01023145392537117,
-0.018698038533329964,
-0.06317494809627533,
0.02055472508072853,
0.0069351959973573685,
-0.016360357403755188,
0.02599024586379528,
0.016854383051395416,
-0.024753760546445847,
0.04078396037220955,
0.06053824722766876,
-0.02202405035495758,
-0.050435833632946014,
-0.030962815508246422,
-0.03499547764658928,
-0.01335429772734642,
0.023097723722457886,
-0.04464157670736313,
-0.0233174916356802,
-0.005603540688753128,
0.044014621526002884,
-0.018959149718284607,
-0.01020385604351759,
0.0019116062903776765,
-0.03021220490336418,
-0.08056316524744034,
0.03929567709565163,
0.0026550719048827887,
0.0193471759557724,
0.023739509284496307,
-0.014534881338477135,
0.03185705468058586,
-0.008226017467677593,
0.01297144778072834,
-0.03589456155896187,
0.01120319589972496,
0.0014498840318992734,
0.0698247030377388,
0.062478646636009216,
0.021433355286717415,
0.12521296739578247,
-0.049190737307071686,
-0.005454001948237419,
-0.0036395774222910404,
0.009748579934239388,
-0.02734035812318325,
0.0009677616180852056,
-0.03720878064632416,
0.03672844171524048,
0.036924488842487335,
-0.0013516130857169628,
-0.021000592038035393,
0.0031455953139811754,
0.021752290427684784,
0.027039505541324615,
-0.04060939699411392,
-0.030849670991301537,
0.041840873658657074,
0.0362120196223259,
-0.029725486412644386,
0.026645023375749588,
-0.023683397099375725,
-0.032015733420848846,
0.06712745875120163,
0.020333101972937584,
-0.33082228899002075,
-0.01658019609749317,
0.020476819947361946,
-0.006005828268826008,
-0.009316341951489449,
-0.02183680422604084,
-0.016976453363895416,
-0.011008253321051598,
-0.029473427683115005,
0.027354294434189796,
-0.03274409845471382,
0.024884870275855064,
0.04467027634382248,
0.07604809105396271,
-0.02126457914710045,
-0.01831999234855175,
-0.02753184363245964,
-0.009349486790597439,
-0.019788583740592003,
-0.037401821464300156,
0.023503582924604416,
-0.030849942937493324,
0.1287134885787964,
0.015027021057903767,
-0.04602919518947601,
0.024561641737818718,
0.0028891146648675203,
0.0415152981877327,
-0.0013276793761178851,
-0.010893302969634533,
-0.034036386758089066,
-0.008746094070374966,
0.011509522795677185,
-0.016321826726198196,
0.038415320217609406,
0.06845209002494812,
-0.0447823628783226,
-0.044739872217178345,
-0.015944749116897583,
-0.02395796775817871,
-0.04997627064585686,
-0.021387677639722824,
0.0004576602659653872,
-0.03832218423485756,
0.04002021998167038,
-0.030872924253344536,
-0.026438381522893906,
-0.10806886106729507,
-0.05582761764526367,
0.021734410896897316,
-0.011674841865897179,
-0.004563622176647186,
-0.034240156412124634,
0.03211304917931557,
0.027566924691200256,
-0.017999479547142982,
0.044859714806079865,
-0.025704918429255486,
0.008303862065076828,
-0.04228402301669121,
-0.0011052486952394247,
0.011461370624601841,
-0.028225313872098923,
0.09195782244205475,
0.013651719316840172
] |
PMID:6670 | Gastrointestinal absorption of carbenoxolone in the rat determined in vitro and in situ: deviations from the pH-partition hypothesis. | The absorption of [14C] carbenoxolone from everted rat ileum in vitro and from rat stomach and ileum in situ has been examined. The rate of its mucosal to serosal transfer in vitro increases as pH increases from 5 to 8 whereas the amount bound to ileum tissue decreases with increased pH; absorption closely parallels the drug's solubility. The uptake of carbenoxolone in situ is bi-exponential and the rate constants for the two processes, have been calculated. Absorption in situ, and biliary excretion, of the drug increases with increasing pH from 5.0 to 7.4. Tissue binding to the ileum in situ is not dependent on pH except below pH 5.0 when extensive tissue accumulation of carbenoxolone occurs because of its low solubility. Tissue binding to the stomach increases markedly with decrease of pH from 7.4 to 6.5 and at pH 6.5 is 80 times greater than binding to the intestine. The rate of absorption from the stomach, at pH 6.5-7.4, was much less than that from the intestine in situ. When allowance is made for the binding of carbenoxolone to the stomach, contrary to the pH-partition hypothesis, correlation is apparent between its absorption and the amount present in the ionized form. | Gastrointestinal absorption of carbenoxolone in the rat determined in vitro and in situ: deviations from the pH-partition hypothesis. The absorption of [14C] carbenoxolone from everted rat ileum in vitro and from rat stomach and ileum in situ has been examined. The rate of its mucosal to serosal transfer in vitro increases as pH increases from 5 to 8 whereas the amount bound to ileum tissue decreases with increased pH; absorption closely parallels the drug's solubility. The uptake of carbenoxolone in situ is bi-exponential and the rate constants for the two processes, have been calculated. Absorption in situ, and biliary excretion, of the drug increases with increasing pH from 5.0 to 7.4. Tissue binding to the ileum in situ is not dependent on pH except below pH 5.0 when extensive tissue accumulation of carbenoxolone occurs because of its low solubility. Tissue binding to the stomach increases markedly with decrease of pH from 7.4 to 6.5 and at pH 6.5 is 80 times greater than binding to the intestine. The rate of absorption from the stomach, at pH 6.5-7.4, was much less than that from the intestine in situ. When allowance is made for the binding of carbenoxolone to the stomach, contrary to the pH-partition hypothesis, correlation is apparent between its absorption and the amount present in the ionized form. | [
-0.011122861877083778,
-0.01668691076338291,
0.021505266427993774,
0.02814888209104538,
0.04484087601304054,
-0.014076951891183853,
0.07567010819911957,
0.03148067742586136,
-0.056095417588949203,
-0.052091289311647415,
0.037501268088817596,
-0.09483934193849564,
0.041581589728593826,
0.03820124268531799,
-0.01492717768996954,
-0.0464358925819397,
0.03698139637708664,
-0.058774590492248535,
-0.049260564148426056,
-0.028351066634058952,
-0.01796143688261509,
-0.051581788808107376,
0.06111082062125206,
0.019452828913927078,
0.021649766713380814,
0.008822356350719929,
-0.007629886269569397,
-0.002144754631444812,
-0.07684987038373947,
-0.2262779027223587,
0.029697559773921967,
0.026511942967772484,
0.027339812368154526,
-0.005737378261983395,
-0.04076845571398735,
0.0047894930467009544,
0.018839163705706596,
0.03672057017683983,
0.04012914374470711,
0.04892328754067421,
0.03815285861492157,
0.06843864172697067,
-0.0034149675630033016,
0.04801851511001587,
0.02438260056078434,
-0.0050275130197405815,
-0.05420374497771263,
0.055594105273485184,
0.12331380695104599,
0.006707286462187767,
0.02589903585612774,
0.025846580043435097,
0.0006548817036673427,
0.06521463394165039,
-0.020842546597123146,
0.023622680455446243,
-0.007767728064209223,
-0.0007008422398939729,
0.0034954892471432686,
0.05453503504395485,
0.01712522655725479,
0.0419158972799778,
-0.13544559478759766,
0.049771860241889954,
0.07424028217792511,
-0.00318455439992249,
-0.011240279302001,
-0.023089688271284103,
0.05700923129916191,
0.06173504889011383,
-0.0474713109433651,
0.017138797789812088,
-0.0329219289124012,
0.057015057653188705,
0.060515642166137695,
-0.05595027655363083,
0.02639181911945343,
0.001685085822828114,
-0.04265863448381424,
-0.017186159268021584,
-0.03835243731737137,
0.019862016662955284,
-0.04812171310186386,
-0.017084456980228424,
-0.04403867945075035,
0.006318734958767891,
0.056010086089372635,
-0.03380539268255234,
-0.020188266411423683,
0.0314977802336216,
-0.0021497549023479223,
-0.037449002265930176,
-0.039016708731651306,
-0.014528857544064522,
-0.037799861282110214,
0.057325102388858795,
-0.013349768705666065,
-0.009565312415361404,
0.04144514352083206,
0.35905712842941284,
-0.05580079182982445,
0.038874249905347824,
-0.08292541652917862,
-0.006371954921633005,
0.0019515020539984107,
0.0274693351238966,
0.005760451778769493,
-0.010542054660618305,
0.018281616270542145,
0.036688804626464844,
0.0021094640251249075,
0.007441917434334755,
0.025262488052248955,
-0.03570976480841637,
-0.014508252963423729,
0.016252567991614342,
0.019931046292185783,
-0.019831828773021698,
0.028142057359218597,
-0.005944571923464537,
-0.003226649947464466,
0.021811438724398613,
0.04002952575683594,
-0.007437367923557758,
0.024220746010541916,
-0.011316563934087753,
-0.0339583121240139,
0.056452952325344086,
0.012911691330373287,
0.011290446855127811,
0.0010576259810477495,
0.005630606319755316,
0.024207668378949165,
-0.01101778820157051,
0.010126463137567043,
-0.06355057656764984,
0.034033503383398056,
0.03621656075119972,
-0.037998415529727936,
0.02131051756441593,
-0.04180534929037094,
-0.09760618209838867,
0.010750790126621723,
-0.10169313848018646,
-0.09698402881622314,
0.11462180316448212,
-0.021865114569664,
-0.011737961322069168,
-0.02858232520520687,
-0.046597905457019806,
-0.027639664709568024,
0.032734815031290054,
0.03217574208974838,
0.040570151060819626,
-0.0386120043694973,
0.01151038147509098,
-0.019253652542829514,
0.00959958229213953,
-0.04048476740717888,
0.012190977111458778,
-0.04139154031872749,
-0.0484747476875782,
-0.024457961320877075,
0.07445500791072845,
0.03407184034585953,
0.05180338770151138,
-0.04300326108932495,
0.0154684167355299,
0.07788608968257904,
0.038908593356609344,
0.031394004821777344,
0.027964411303400993,
-0.060939718037843704,
-0.0190748181194067,
-0.032468438148498535,
0.01289280690252781,
0.028656525537371635,
0.006763545796275139,
0.04109760746359825,
-0.07856010645627975,
0.04611831530928612,
0.011431772261857986,
-0.029539680108428,
0.01767520047724247,
0.02008948102593422,
-0.03484101593494415,
-0.09630567580461502,
-0.01114059891551733,
-0.0630289763212204,
0.02874433621764183,
0.013185223564505577,
0.019261181354522705,
-0.06914087384939194,
0.057487957179546356,
-0.05259466543793678,
-0.017548929899930954,
-0.07944932579994202,
-0.012161748483777046,
-0.07173628360033035,
0.01627327874302864,
0.11431650817394257,
0.009112738072872162,
-0.014717776328325272,
0.021294303238391876,
0.03169545903801918,
0.02898377552628517,
0.05436169356107712,
0.01932458207011223,
0.05081118270754814,
0.018140465021133423,
-0.03858603537082672,
0.042994942516088486,
-0.029483387246727943,
0.0527898371219635,
-0.015122898854315281,
0.018882470205426216,
0.019937090575695038,
-0.014172181487083435,
0.04670732840895653,
0.033143095672130585,
0.040676165372133255,
-0.05415697395801544,
-0.020144520327448845,
-0.2966442406177521,
0.012650137767195702,
-0.007725851144641638,
0.0007435869192704558,
0.07393346726894379,
-0.039651427417993546,
0.015973078086972237,
-0.029550084844231606,
-0.0019383111502975225,
-0.05142681673169136,
0.023733343929052353,
0.07842826843261719,
-0.04588267579674721,
0.008804756216704845,
-0.0396859347820282,
-0.024676408618688583,
0.00050501519581303,
0.02223954349756241,
-0.008767624385654926,
0.0037176550831645727,
0.01799057051539421,
-0.06042379140853882,
-0.04298355057835579,
0.01951325684785843,
0.04707922041416168,
-0.003114984603598714,
0.126585453748703,
-0.009336941875517368,
-0.036846648901700974,
-0.05317597836256027,
0.030754175037145615,
-0.02568635530769825,
-0.02628372795879841,
-0.09433259814977646,
-0.044036366045475006,
-0.043380312621593475,
-0.02317052148282528,
-0.02691195346415043,
-0.0015485939802601933,
0.017170924693346024,
-0.02265065163373947,
0.006787348538637161,
-0.013089477084577084,
-0.04816300421953201,
-0.02443923056125641,
0.04446565732359886,
0.006588957272469997,
0.029183868318796158,
-0.017164651304483414,
-0.02509140968322754,
0.030925152823328972,
0.020444771274924278,
-0.032918643206357956,
-0.005609501153230667,
0.019062919542193413,
-0.025016097351908684,
0.04223804175853729,
0.03641698136925697,
-0.06305790692567825,
0.02897668443620205,
-0.004538742359727621,
-0.011274784803390503,
0.03943512588739395,
-0.01074171718209982,
0.04965522140264511,
0.02399611473083496,
-0.008200539276003838,
-0.013508535921573639,
0.031085574999451637,
0.044378094375133514,
0.03823046013712883,
0.12658320367336273,
-0.07371398061513901,
0.047939006239175797,
0.04470452666282654,
0.022947657853364944,
0.012684306129813194,
-0.023118002340197563,
-0.09508562088012695,
-0.05117788910865784,
-0.013329006731510162,
-0.04924571514129639,
0.026259638369083405,
0.000632217968814075,
-0.009652378037571907,
0.05178382620215416,
0.0030527180060744286,
-0.08907777070999146,
0.02603049948811531,
0.035521987825632095,
0.029469311237335205,
0.040116190910339355,
-0.07619915157556534,
-0.03962172195315361,
0.03568108007311821,
0.021556245163083076,
-0.2982329726219177,
0.03211824223399162,
0.029406996443867683,
0.00400397926568985,
-0.019114917144179344,
-0.013669313862919807,
0.02699512243270874,
-0.03767415136098862,
-0.02515384741127491,
-0.01236635260283947,
0.008310982026159763,
0.03470589965581894,
0.074102483689785,
0.02861049585044384,
-0.053206101059913635,
0.0017532961210235953,
0.0270412378013134,
-0.00712425634264946,
-0.00042832191684283316,
-0.013765734620392323,
-0.007982727140188217,
-0.031735341995954514,
0.12975084781646729,
0.030133264139294624,
-0.026291415095329285,
0.05403878167271614,
-0.014076055958867073,
0.018343230709433556,
0.0363021157681942,
0.0037839289288967848,
-0.00920024048537016,
0.054113663733005524,
0.06362168490886688,
-0.0612785704433918,
0.006918367929756641,
-0.015247303061187267,
-0.05633280798792839,
0.015464452095329762,
-0.024166887626051903,
0.013578878715634346,
-0.0073431250639259815,
-0.01312302891165018,
-0.05111328884959221,
-0.04051896184682846,
0.028553031384944916,
-0.060220539569854736,
0.02800692245364189,
-0.08096720278263092,
0.03035946935415268,
-0.0031332240905612707,
0.001784488558769226,
-0.026463568210601807,
0.03763486072421074,
0.02997778356075287,
0.07775530219078064,
-0.03325209766626358,
0.022388888522982597,
-0.014404861256480217,
-0.01418064720928669,
-0.0308490302413702,
0.021593132987618446,
-0.046897221356630325,
-0.01199903804808855,
0.032788291573524475,
0.025059856474399567
] |
PMID:6671 | Effects of phosvitin on the ecg changes induced under hypoxia in the rat. | The effect of phosvitin (1 g kg(-1), i.p.) on ecg changes induced in rats by a reduction of partial oxygen pressure in the respiratory mixture was studied. Phosphocreatine, phosphoserine, ATP and Na2HPO42H2O were also administered intraperitoneally for comparison. Phosvitin alone was found to prevent the hypoxia-induced T-wave changes (flattening or disappearance), which were also temporarily aggravated by injection of noradrenaline. As to the metabolic, hypoxia-induced myocardial changes, two hypotheses are discussed: a release of phosvitin phosphate radicals ready for immediate utilization or a drug action mediated via a membrane-bound intrinsic proteinkinase system. | Effects of phosvitin on the ecg changes induced under hypoxia in the rat. The effect of phosvitin (1 g kg(-1), i.p.) on ecg changes induced in rats by a reduction of partial oxygen pressure in the respiratory mixture was studied. Phosphocreatine, phosphoserine, ATP and Na2HPO42H2O were also administered intraperitoneally for comparison. Phosvitin alone was found to prevent the hypoxia-induced T-wave changes (flattening or disappearance), which were also temporarily aggravated by injection of noradrenaline. As to the metabolic, hypoxia-induced myocardial changes, two hypotheses are discussed: a release of phosvitin phosphate radicals ready for immediate utilization or a drug action mediated via a membrane-bound intrinsic proteinkinase system. | [
-0.034149449318647385,
0.05712709575891495,
0.016594845801591873,
0.024982105940580368,
-0.00544711435213685,
-0.04494960978627205,
0.05770990625023842,
0.039494581520557404,
-0.06868968904018402,
-0.024477113038301468,
-0.011215392500162125,
-0.03378702700138092,
0.00036508648190647364,
0.028610415756702423,
-0.02711702510714531,
-0.010845036245882511,
0.012882496230304241,
-0.003864772617816925,
-0.09818949550390244,
0.011536642909049988,
-0.04731901362538338,
0.04891372472047806,
0.05299782007932663,
0.016468781977891922,
0.03883204609155655,
0.036739785224199295,
-0.012274489738047123,
0.04888419061899185,
-0.039349209517240524,
-0.13535454869270325,
0.004489184822887182,
-0.011689183302223682,
-0.010929100215435028,
0.030550619587302208,
-0.04877286031842232,
0.05049582198262215,
-0.027342360466718674,
0.04033598303794861,
-0.007855566218495369,
0.08757080882787704,
0.06453731656074524,
0.02382785826921463,
-0.014491858892142773,
0.0367647260427475,
0.025097429752349854,
-0.08068977296352386,
-0.029411237686872482,
-0.05034463480114937,
0.11396044492721558,
0.01787722110748291,
0.017955487594008446,
0.021017733961343765,
0.04027016460895538,
0.006328468210995197,
0.013187265023589134,
-0.06575626879930496,
0.0014521009288728237,
0.019494883716106415,
0.04085859656333923,
0.03356154263019562,
0.061890773475170135,
0.057897262275218964,
-0.15595600008964539,
0.06368545442819595,
0.02993030846118927,
-0.019420843571424484,
-0.007846546359360218,
0.028216656297445297,
0.07136198878288269,
0.0316460020840168,
-0.055334389209747314,
0.04787605628371239,
-0.005071097053587437,
-0.06358302384614944,
-0.028251081705093384,
-0.030881637707352638,
-0.010303638875484467,
-0.017792847007513046,
0.016242213547229767,
-0.005681459326297045,
0.04705369099974632,
-0.0038419023621827364,
-0.011211900040507317,
-0.030322140082716942,
0.0015905711334198713,
-0.0016347650671377778,
0.04923708736896515,
-0.03167854994535446,
-0.036826763302087784,
-0.02995791845023632,
0.008569877594709396,
-0.09758304059505463,
-0.0034275627695024014,
0.030051754787564278,
-0.051328934729099274,
0.05008880794048309,
0.008286292664706707,
0.0221652090549469,
-0.05196405574679375,
0.36464959383010864,
-0.003421484027057886,
0.05724463611841202,
-0.048816978931427,
0.022081129252910614,
0.01948441192507744,
-0.0478697195649147,
-0.036679450422525406,
-0.027297312393784523,
0.005803161766380072,
0.06366905570030212,
0.023780878633260727,
-0.018789853900671005,
0.0018558261217549443,
-0.01549520343542099,
-0.007677339017391205,
0.037645936012268066,
0.013168885372579098,
0.07343979924917221,
0.010060181841254234,
0.05698521062731743,
-0.056117162108421326,
0.01246616430580616,
0.0231622401624918,
0.02580215223133564,
0.03631012514233589,
0.019321158528327942,
-0.018569359555840492,
0.12991632521152496,
0.053358640521764755,
0.0022015643771737814,
0.061697445809841156,
0.05141888186335564,
-0.015479253605008125,
-0.03412693738937378,
-0.03527431562542915,
-0.019436867907643318,
-0.029639409855008125,
-0.03347914665937424,
-0.0014603915624320507,
0.04906490072607994,
-0.018177134916186333,
-0.013325757347047329,
0.015758659690618515,
-0.08870167285203934,
-0.043068889528512955,
0.07413008064031601,
0.04178137332201004,
0.02160968817770481,
-0.03760503605008125,
-0.04104207828640938,
-0.0037823698949068785,
0.011739686131477356,
-0.026078881695866585,
0.0861385241150856,
-0.04830610007047653,
0.012497219257056713,
-0.005666627082973719,
0.005040152929723263,
0.045315489172935486,
-0.0786120817065239,
-0.09512359648942947,
-0.037277765572071075,
-0.02733553759753704,
0.09454024583101273,
-0.0012243392411619425,
0.05589158460497856,
-0.02270684950053692,
0.007528812624514103,
-0.04039794206619263,
-0.01777299866080284,
-0.0022437539882957935,
0.0032771702390164137,
0.03614111617207527,
-0.04039687663316727,
0.001405177405104041,
-0.00883551687002182,
0.01846863143146038,
-0.02598472125828266,
0.03015667386353016,
-0.036594364792108536,
0.01766483671963215,
-0.007595524657517672,
0.02123531512916088,
-0.02144215628504753,
0.0327550508081913,
0.0248715840280056,
-0.04392898455262184,
0.06342104077339172,
0.01081058382987976,
-0.014635936357080936,
-0.0038248575292527676,
-0.010189037770032883,
-0.07298534363508224,
-0.0036414603237062693,
-0.06806031614542007,
-0.039959684014320374,
-0.07620561122894287,
0.021724361926317215,
-0.003773751901462674,
-0.008267583325505257,
0.08447758108377457,
-0.05161766707897186,
0.04719547927379608,
0.057991065084934235,
-0.042553216218948364,
0.06618904322385788,
-0.03255239874124527,
-0.007739232853055,
0.06691915541887283,
-0.03991167992353439,
-0.015204407274723053,
0.009419851936399937,
0.002463335171341896,
0.049610916525125504,
-0.015155386179685593,
0.022631600499153137,
-0.055320631712675095,
0.025708705186843872,
0.04271319881081581,
0.005109363701194525,
0.025281675159931183,
-0.07881893217563629,
-0.03213049843907356,
-0.28687623143196106,
-0.10536648333072662,
0.006776590831577778,
0.031028196215629578,
-0.003643946722149849,
-0.027572177350521088,
0.008553663268685341,
0.05761189013719559,
-0.014863688498735428,
-0.046021655201911926,
0.011943106539547443,
0.07048800587654114,
-0.07535230368375778,
-0.021676387637853622,
0.03861601650714874,
0.03538510203361511,
0.020217206329107285,
-0.0659400224685669,
0.005264500621706247,
-0.02062501758337021,
-0.052488215267658234,
-0.010526024736464024,
-0.029366251081228256,
0.013064924627542496,
0.06087648868560791,
0.035249534994363785,
0.08586904406547546,
0.015512516722083092,
-0.05965056270360947,
-0.01959546096622944,
0.03519944101572037,
0.021514398977160454,
-0.02252276800572872,
-0.11960469186306,
0.007936106994748116,
0.007273209281265736,
0.06753949075937271,
0.047592323273420334,
-0.08554799854755402,
-0.04209700971841812,
-0.09957250207662582,
0.03561749309301376,
-0.031778961420059204,
-0.00460334587842226,
-0.039804257452487946,
-0.011806054040789604,
-0.01456572487950325,
0.024048343300819397,
-0.014821243472397327,
-0.03746386989951134,
0.010790208354592323,
0.01596718467772007,
0.013221554458141327,
0.015663020312786102,
0.09241288155317307,
-0.02075650356709957,
-0.05725647509098053,
0.015406874939799309,
-0.04910437762737274,
-0.049309469759464264,
-0.019139915704727173,
0.0020763271022588015,
-0.0015564245404675603,
-0.01861291006207466,
-0.014629751443862915,
0.0348471961915493,
0.050323061645030975,
0.02714860811829567,
0.03389642387628555,
-0.010872574523091316,
0.00989112164825201,
0.09006144106388092,
-0.0033442641142755747,
0.004187063779681921,
0.06082073971629143,
0.0009293861221522093,
0.0030882263090461493,
-0.011526486836373806,
-0.030660003423690796,
0.045970432460308075,
0.01103296224027872,
0.004497333895415068,
0.030213071033358574,
0.019178641960024834,
-0.0635499656200409,
0.018084008246660233,
0.0015656292671337724,
0.06550640612840652,
0.01766938902437687,
-0.03096282109618187,
-0.027173122391104698,
-0.006800557486712933,
0.01094827800989151,
-0.04738990217447281,
0.08459661155939102,
0.009231629781425,
-0.26822349429130554,
-0.019781459122896194,
0.025006016716361046,
-0.01633065566420555,
-0.031615249812603,
0.00840820837765932,
-0.014288944192230701,
-0.05187118053436279,
-0.048022300004959106,
0.00359691702760756,
-0.023728003725409508,
0.03497302904725075,
0.10655192285776138,
0.03150148317217827,
-0.05229978263378143,
0.04794428497552872,
0.01139842253178358,
-0.025596342980861664,
0.02115458808839321,
-0.03170561417937279,
0.01153166126459837,
-0.025638170540332794,
0.151978999376297,
-0.03222377598285675,
-0.035086676478385925,
0.05095289647579193,
0.01517001073807478,
0.07863303273916245,
-0.017146479338407516,
0.01767651177942753,
-0.0150188272818923,
0.023216627538204193,
0.04680914431810379,
-0.009901043027639389,
0.033809028565883636,
-0.022841287776827812,
-0.057384319603443146,
0.045176368206739426,
-0.0004665957821998745,
0.0350918211042881,
-0.04840771481394768,
-0.0389539897441864,
-0.05278075113892555,
-0.023911621421575546,
0.0627516359090805,
-0.058771342039108276,
-0.05511654540896416,
-0.023932404816150665,
0.005278181284666061,
0.007822678424417973,
-0.03840181976556778,
0.004709191620349884,
0.06948915868997574,
0.04416004940867424,
-0.03909197449684143,
-0.029429782181978226,
-0.06501401960849762,
-0.05450522154569626,
0.08754581958055496,
0.013898633420467377,
0.008309952914714813,
-0.054119084030389786,
-0.015803569927811623,
0.059371475130319595,
0.03832301124930382
] |
PMID:6672 | The transport of tetracyclines across the mouse ileum in vitro: the effect of cations and other agents. | The intestinal transfer of different tetracyclines dissolved in calcium- and magnesium-free Krebs bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 7.4, was studied using the everted ileum of the mouse. The rates of transfer of chlortetracycline and demethylchlortetracycline were less than those of tetracycline and oxytetracycline, the latter compounds being transferred at the same rate. Addition of calcium and magnesium to the buffer greatly reduced the transfer of tetracycline; this inhibition could be antagonized by EDTA. The presence of iron also inhibited the transfer of tetracycline. The inhibitory effect of these ions on tetracycline transfer seemed due to chelation of the drug. Glucosamine and acetylmethionine, but not acetyl glucosamine, diminished the intestinal transfer of tetracyclines. The former two agents did not influence the uptake of tissue fluids. Tetracycline was also transfered from the serous to the mucous coat in the non-everted intestinal sac of mice. The above observations suggested that the absorption of tetracyclines was not due solely to passive diffusion. | The transport of tetracyclines across the mouse ileum in vitro: the effect of cations and other agents. The intestinal transfer of different tetracyclines dissolved in calcium- and magnesium-free Krebs bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 7.4, was studied using the everted ileum of the mouse. The rates of transfer of chlortetracycline and demethylchlortetracycline were less than those of tetracycline and oxytetracycline, the latter compounds being transferred at the same rate. Addition of calcium and magnesium to the buffer greatly reduced the transfer of tetracycline; this inhibition could be antagonized by EDTA. The presence of iron also inhibited the transfer of tetracycline. The inhibitory effect of these ions on tetracycline transfer seemed due to chelation of the drug. Glucosamine and acetylmethionine, but not acetyl glucosamine, diminished the intestinal transfer of tetracyclines. The former two agents did not influence the uptake of tissue fluids. Tetracycline was also transfered from the serous to the mucous coat in the non-everted intestinal sac of mice. The above observations suggested that the absorption of tetracyclines was not due solely to passive diffusion. | [
-0.03683873265981674,
-0.000390322704333812,
-0.004136775154620409,
0.03271113708615303,
0.0004678831319324672,
-0.05149976536631584,
0.046323470771312714,
0.034156426787376404,
-0.025989916175603867,
-0.05401499569416046,
0.027223607525229454,
-0.07726826518774033,
0.033833280205726624,
-0.007847411558032036,
-0.033191461116075516,
0.014771422371268272,
-0.0010193698108196259,
-0.052751507610082626,
-0.0909644216299057,
-0.03215712308883667,
-0.04006575047969818,
0.002093022223562002,
0.06180707365274429,
0.009493758901953697,
0.03695561736822128,
-0.015426527708768845,
-0.03922164812684059,
0.015833090990781784,
-0.08552223443984985,
-0.19804647564888,
0.0155246052891016,
0.010169334709644318,
-0.06994909048080444,
0.004068351816385984,
-0.024571340531110764,
0.04849090799689293,
-0.05331292375922203,
0.03898058086633682,
-0.04500270634889603,
0.036117393523454666,
0.06427832692861557,
0.038414523005485535,
-0.007845913991332054,
0.05095319449901581,
-0.012295306660234928,
0.011981790885329247,
-0.04142104834318161,
-0.001903156633488834,
0.14471349120140076,
0.03266981616616249,
0.05187380313873291,
0.026396501809358597,
0.047181908041238785,
0.04436659440398216,
-0.06205300614237785,
0.05449948459863663,
-0.025686390697956085,
0.05079050734639168,
0.02778325229883194,
0.042799048125743866,
0.04342611879110336,
0.03971949219703674,
-0.11538460850715637,
0.0849417969584465,
0.0605497807264328,
0.009538983926177025,
-0.050224121659994125,
0.011097981594502926,
0.029019001871347427,
0.05458884313702583,
-0.08579421788454056,
0.0011553727090358734,
-0.051224783062934875,
0.035646453499794006,
0.045750949531793594,
-0.08894658088684082,
0.025764895603060722,
-0.009439975023269653,
0.0029483733233064413,
-0.019078435376286507,
0.0028884969651699066,
0.03424195945262909,
0.039102450013160706,
-0.047510381788015366,
0.00900252629071474,
-0.022480454295873642,
-0.0037082936614751816,
-0.03368866816163063,
-0.006131412927061319,
-0.02243949845433235,
-0.03683885559439659,
-0.02626360021531582,
-0.006199450232088566,
-0.021636541932821274,
-0.04309673234820366,
-0.024764861911535263,
0.03245280683040619,
-0.04936398193240166,
0.010614581406116486,
0.36925917863845825,
-0.04516443610191345,
0.009058471769094467,
-0.05298031121492386,
0.025129010900855064,
-0.013119964860379696,
0.013009483925998211,
0.047157108783721924,
-0.023620586842298508,
0.035656921565532684,
0.033890508115291595,
0.04253673925995827,
0.04141007736325264,
0.04700798913836479,
-0.022239916026592255,
-0.023270411416888237,
0.03274764493107796,
0.04122402146458626,
-0.005645220633596182,
-0.03184392303228378,
0.029558559879660606,
-0.05582711845636368,
-0.004481460899114609,
0.02361227385699749,
-0.021359050646424294,
0.04230877012014389,
0.00043043523328378797,
-0.06262420117855072,
0.03157024458050728,
0.01577177084982395,
-0.011383786797523499,
0.03058522753417492,
0.001342135714367032,
-0.0037684605922549963,
-0.0022830520756542683,
0.04035409912467003,
0.010071085765957832,
0.025413433089852333,
-0.054623235017061234,
-0.03248817101120949,
-0.010075969621539116,
-0.04199421778321266,
-0.07759905606508255,
-0.03049580380320549,
-0.11176646500825882,
-0.05565616488456726,
0.06756941974163055,
0.056903086602687836,
-0.02509228326380253,
-0.02084343135356903,
-0.03111867420375347,
-0.019439848139882088,
0.02766779623925686,
0.02084926888346672,
0.04871077090501785,
-0.028375614434480667,
0.04207110404968262,
0.0004690184141509235,
0.00869089923799038,
0.004678886383771896,
-0.006487525068223476,
-0.015659546479582787,
-0.023739632219076157,
-0.04916519671678543,
0.08365245163440704,
-0.020138394087553024,
0.017791224643588066,
-0.03412991762161255,
-0.025158008560538292,
-0.015168946236371994,
-0.02342512272298336,
-0.011030593886971474,
0.0083932401612401,
-0.037702836096286774,
-0.036058660596609116,
-0.05695813149213791,
0.030355431139469147,
0.014156650751829147,
-0.02957122027873993,
0.05107707157731056,
-0.03232384845614433,
0.035446956753730774,
0.032680876553058624,
-0.02788645401597023,
0.046338874846696854,
0.052265893667936325,
0.02505497820675373,
-0.08407972007989883,
-0.02696901746094227,
-0.03727295249700546,
0.06404698640108109,
0.036903925240039825,
0.007419676519930363,
-0.041851334273815155,
0.00316428579390049,
-0.06195184215903282,
-0.032711539417505264,
-0.03469091281294823,
0.009553791023790836,
-0.017865194007754326,
-0.013367989100515842,
0.09522419422864914,
0.020547883585095406,
-0.030063441023230553,
0.08995205163955688,
0.007047832012176514,
0.025499757379293442,
0.02059176191687584,
0.0036756559275090694,
0.03598973900079727,
-0.007286483887583017,
-0.012283808551728725,
0.04360559210181236,
0.03763315826654434,
0.038371190428733826,
-0.02851356565952301,
0.034415584057569504,
0.03299093246459961,
0.010823928751051426,
0.07001432031393051,
-0.004990812856703997,
0.043334346264600754,
-0.018721159547567368,
0.012247206643223763,
-0.328354150056839,
-0.02602442540228367,
0.041111335158348083,
0.03149401396512985,
0.07938345521688461,
-0.048136938363313675,
0.037985749542713165,
-0.03569278493523598,
-0.011391876265406609,
-0.024683358147740364,
0.07342541217803955,
0.06524121761322021,
-0.04613752290606499,
-0.05112205818295479,
-0.03218626603484154,
-0.0013492075959220529,
-0.023649925366044044,
0.037490781396627426,
0.014716003090143204,
-0.04364984109997749,
0.03272673487663269,
-0.027651958167552948,
-0.04478398710489273,
0.04887010157108307,
-0.008165227249264717,
0.04730014130473137,
0.14115405082702637,
-0.037749260663986206,
0.012493585236370564,
-0.02031688019633293,
-0.022752758115530014,
0.01763876900076866,
0.0204137172549963,
-0.08061130344867706,
-0.053442198783159256,
-0.010901081375777721,
0.028852786868810654,
-0.019205329939723015,
0.019697831943631172,
-0.06085759028792381,
-0.018855402246117592,
0.00168013630900532,
-0.032780300825834274,
-0.02396458573639393,
-0.05259081721305847,
0.036247946321964264,
-0.02520214393734932,
-0.007981856353580952,
-0.0006934229750186205,
0.00026691227685660124,
0.009799649007618427,
0.06535066664218903,
0.025759408250451088,
-0.003432521829381585,
0.02751018851995468,
0.003124743700027466,
0.03538818657398224,
0.053995877504348755,
-0.052812155336141586,
-0.0605621337890625,
-0.04060819745063782,
0.0454065166413784,
0.03107638470828533,
-0.008996311575174332,
0.017508186399936676,
0.01795581541955471,
0.02988855354487896,
-0.031208980828523636,
0.05266483873128891,
0.020126156508922577,
0.042681436985731125,
0.11543752998113632,
0.007991572842001915,
0.04261864349246025,
0.017422525212168694,
0.0995696485042572,
-0.0359359011054039,
-0.023667173460125923,
-0.09186196327209473,
-0.016415297985076904,
-0.04150955751538277,
-0.011679100804030895,
0.05254209041595459,
-0.037787940353155136,
-0.0021168335806578398,
-0.002463649958372116,
-0.012846489436924458,
-0.03368319571018219,
0.027119042351841927,
-0.006588388700038195,
0.07045886665582657,
0.002405438106507063,
-0.05652454495429993,
-0.02789788693189621,
0.0008496625232510269,
0.023896371945738792,
-0.24658958613872528,
0.04602624475955963,
0.08534156531095505,
-0.010710284113883972,
0.018069081008434296,
-0.005826391279697418,
0.05323682725429535,
-0.02965695969760418,
-0.061871014535427094,
-0.002379827434197068,
0.07094214111566544,
-0.0010860245674848557,
0.07712908834218979,
0.045775946229696274,
0.004215023014694452,
-0.00013889804540667683,
0.05108583718538284,
-0.0342855378985405,
-0.0302457045763731,
0.022247731685638428,
0.02617005445063114,
-0.06991705298423767,
0.13437727093696594,
-0.003703418653458357,
-0.02747436612844467,
0.05988791212439537,
-0.04608486220240593,
0.04467029869556427,
0.014579358510673046,
-0.03282631188631058,
-0.01686991937458515,
0.06727151572704315,
0.04219862446188927,
-0.01964687369763851,
-0.007088995072990656,
0.011450319550931454,
-0.024765755981206894,
-0.004662204533815384,
-0.059528108686208725,
-0.02146308496594429,
-0.020859571173787117,
-0.010529759339988232,
-0.06318782269954681,
-0.003319832729175687,
0.06605145335197449,
-0.047098636627197266,
-0.04195679351687431,
-0.06746066361665726,
0.03083263710141182,
-0.03808200731873512,
-0.01685449667274952,
-0.007846404798328876,
-0.006778343580663204,
-0.032845403999090195,
0.06934713572263718,
0.0035767843946814537,
-0.03528919443488121,
0.00039320613723248243,
-0.005394481122493744,
0.020396249368786812,
-0.004633237607777119,
-0.07375484704971313,
-0.02584209479391575,
0.02417876571416855,
0.06129611283540726
] |
PMID:6673 | Some pharmacological properties of the venom, venom fractions and pure toxin of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus. | The effects of the crude venom, four partially purified venom fractions and pure toxin (Pelamis toxin alpha) from yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, on respiration, blood pressure, heart and skeletal muscle of rabbits have been examined. Results indicated that crude venom, a partially purified toxic fraction and Pelamis toxin alpha caused initial respiratory stimulant effects followed by respiratory paralysis. In most cases, respiratory paralysis occurred before a profound fall in arterial pressure. Depression of the twitch response to nerve stimulation was observed in the tibialis anterior muscle. No significant change in the electrocardiogram was seen. Three partially purified non-toxic fractions of the crude venom induced transient respiratory stimulant effects. It was concluded that the crude venom and Pelamis toxin alpha had an identical mode of action and that they caused respiratory paralysis in rabbits. | Some pharmacological properties of the venom, venom fractions and pure toxin of the yellow-bellied sea snake Pelamis platurus. The effects of the crude venom, four partially purified venom fractions and pure toxin (Pelamis toxin alpha) from yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, on respiration, blood pressure, heart and skeletal muscle of rabbits have been examined. Results indicated that crude venom, a partially purified toxic fraction and Pelamis toxin alpha caused initial respiratory stimulant effects followed by respiratory paralysis. In most cases, respiratory paralysis occurred before a profound fall in arterial pressure. Depression of the twitch response to nerve stimulation was observed in the tibialis anterior muscle. No significant change in the electrocardiogram was seen. Three partially purified non-toxic fractions of the crude venom induced transient respiratory stimulant effects. It was concluded that the crude venom and Pelamis toxin alpha had an identical mode of action and that they caused respiratory paralysis in rabbits. | [
-0.08299403637647629,
-0.013418256305158138,
0.05193154141306877,
0.029887406155467033,
-0.001547174178995192,
-0.05900654196739197,
0.09122134745121002,
0.02090834639966488,
-0.02464320696890354,
0.033027034252882004,
0.007709111552685499,
-0.06587797403335571,
-0.011699219234287739,
0.02994769997894764,
-0.01430097408592701,
-0.03430916368961334,
0.03590989485383034,
0.020907584577798843,
-0.06861865520477295,
0.014346839860081673,
0.023496557027101517,
0.04518519341945648,
0.049964483827352524,
-0.04246804863214493,
0.06566169112920761,
0.020494291558861732,
-0.00597002636641264,
0.019908249378204346,
-0.018417561426758766,
-0.16953392326831818,
0.031891513615846634,
0.02886166051030159,
-0.007399555295705795,
-0.03126204386353493,
-0.03387024998664856,
0.05205373093485832,
0.01833529770374298,
-0.01605813391506672,
0.01902691461145878,
0.052699703723192215,
0.037710946053266525,
0.09148024767637253,
0.0016113976016640663,
0.07330084592103958,
0.03312968835234642,
-0.028457580134272575,
-0.08939775079488754,
-0.013804789632558823,
0.1128806471824646,
-0.023512745276093483,
-0.016755536198616028,
-0.05020834505558014,
0.033880483359098434,
0.005759966094046831,
0.022997574880719185,
-0.07179415225982666,
0.030544308945536613,
0.04281311854720116,
-0.013956861570477486,
0.0253310427069664,
0.016066618263721466,
0.08138590306043625,
-0.10292555391788483,
0.0075201899744570255,
0.03850702941417694,
0.03802814707159996,
-0.04997957497835159,
0.0012323124101385474,
0.05938999354839325,
-0.015472546219825745,
-0.038448356091976166,
0.022003930062055588,
-0.010116185061633587,
0.02047145925462246,
0.02021769993007183,
0.019505606964230537,
0.005501401145011187,
-0.011356216855347157,
-0.007837895303964615,
0.037122443318367004,
-0.03666964918375015,
-0.0024345822166651487,
-0.003859638934955001,
-0.052309222519397736,
0.03129108250141144,
0.016568899154663086,
0.11533761024475098,
-0.038688547909259796,
-0.026050467044115067,
0.02781989611685276,
0.010964682325720787,
-0.028900310397148132,
-0.020386748015880585,
-0.043615344911813736,
-0.00986342504620552,
0.03807432949542999,
-0.0230101328343153,
-0.015968283638358116,
-0.0496068000793457,
0.3615816831588745,
0.017175499349832535,
-0.025318078696727753,
-0.0762236937880516,
0.031248711049556732,
0.06904458999633789,
-0.007891779765486717,
0.032119229435920715,
-0.019991787150502205,
-0.007376983296126127,
0.04358123242855072,
0.05044592171907425,
0.029802624136209488,
-0.0018888142658397555,
0.04087694361805916,
-0.0049943458288908005,
0.03621698170900345,
0.003918119706213474,
0.06374013423919678,
-0.007531978189945221,
0.02316608838737011,
-0.02011900208890438,
-0.030121346935629845,
0.031345922499895096,
0.009901759214699268,
0.04457063600420952,
0.01737593114376068,
0.008720645681023598,
0.09405647218227386,
0.0485013909637928,
0.05837705358862877,
0.04303724318742752,
-0.01313344668596983,
-0.01568545773625374,
-0.02697962522506714,
-0.03638971596956253,
-0.0009994650026783347,
0.012212498113512993,
0.013565226458013058,
0.0278805922716856,
-0.02048199251294136,
-0.04996147379279137,
-0.07954257726669312,
-0.025901593267917633,
-0.08788413554430008,
-0.07655677944421768,
0.04275921359658241,
0.05515807494521141,
-0.024630779400467873,
-0.057048290967941284,
0.04092193394899368,
-0.05903950333595276,
-0.021730132400989532,
-0.046221256256103516,
0.03359034284949303,
-0.01748223975300789,
-0.011235898360610008,
-0.05409177020192146,
0.0580042228102684,
0.05992114916443825,
-0.04928372800350189,
-0.08605490624904633,
-0.02183445356786251,
0.029358062893152237,
0.05373832583427429,
0.014968467876315117,
-0.0006457106792367995,
-0.04250670596957207,
0.04514969885349274,
-0.03696484491229057,
-0.0007664775475859642,
0.006025705020874739,
0.038140904158353806,
-0.041928790509700775,
-0.06270013004541397,
-0.03307125344872475,
0.027819590643048286,
0.03231273218989372,
-0.025407206267118454,
0.0643046647310257,
0.022790908813476562,
-0.007761270273476839,
-0.011499437503516674,
0.013321774080395699,
0.008074352517724037,
-0.020558511838316917,
-0.014757387340068817,
-0.04918856546282768,
0.06483758985996246,
0.009404671378433704,
-0.038203202188014984,
-0.012669268064200878,
-0.03230376914143562,
-0.04171057417988777,
0.013825241476297379,
-0.031148310750722885,
-0.07140146195888519,
-0.01862635836005211,
-0.02319026179611683,
-0.04607479274272919,
-0.028011197224259377,
0.09790127724409103,
-0.03232442960143089,
-0.01854276843369007,
0.0712134838104248,
-0.016178013756871223,
0.05892382562160492,
-0.036567386239767075,
-0.004174115136265755,
-0.018678782507777214,
-0.016343552619218826,
-0.029982969164848328,
0.06489743292331696,
0.0030478513799607754,
-0.044199138879776,
-0.03532688692212105,
0.021838752552866936,
0.0023493729531764984,
0.0251406691968441,
0.03242601081728935,
-0.0026295576244592667,
0.04667695611715317,
-0.07948499917984009,
-0.0007130221929401159,
-0.2935086488723755,
-0.04293986037373543,
0.0038527625147253275,
-0.00010117218334926292,
0.08101563155651093,
-0.035904884338378906,
0.03184719756245613,
0.03721396625041962,
0.03393172845244408,
-0.04607934132218361,
0.006112921051681042,
0.03505682945251465,
-0.05697755888104439,
-0.044342055916786194,
0.0004909036797471344,
0.11297786980867386,
0.032875824719667435,
-0.0314132384955883,
0.012644479982554913,
0.037757135927677155,
-0.00636144308373332,
-0.01782434619963169,
-0.021054551005363464,
0.005383375100791454,
0.024128137156367302,
0.022502899169921875,
0.1284390687942505,
0.036383550614118576,
-0.034877847880125046,
0.005661380477249622,
-0.05118998885154724,
0.04483247175812721,
-0.05860292911529541,
-0.09174492955207825,
0.022687360644340515,
0.05088690668344498,
0.02450607344508171,
0.03320542350411415,
0.04851285740733147,
0.003973331302404404,
-0.06287577748298645,
0.04418627917766571,
-0.027590451762080193,
-0.06952892243862152,
-0.08322044461965561,
-0.028466936200857162,
0.022571483626961708,
0.028039876371622086,
0.023938121274113655,
-0.05272770673036575,
0.03412594273686409,
0.04468776285648346,
0.0068481662310659885,
-0.003738200757652521,
0.0023472316097468138,
-0.05051775276660919,
-0.0924801155924797,
0.032873496413230896,
-0.05757889151573181,
-0.052115436643362045,
0.005217054393142462,
-0.002900976687669754,
0.016195297241210938,
-0.027419157326221466,
-0.03528605028986931,
0.025698324665427208,
0.01997555047273636,
0.03317774087190628,
0.06101207807660103,
0.029470065608620644,
-0.04795278236269951,
0.14724098145961761,
0.015997130423784256,
0.0023672909010201693,
0.03316005319356918,
0.05152678117156029,
-0.015267089940607548,
-0.0431940071284771,
-0.01269824244081974,
0.02672937884926796,
-0.014974729157984257,
-0.012525531463325024,
0.05867781862616539,
0.0277335736900568,
-0.04886161535978317,
-0.03238815441727638,
-0.045672375708818436,
-0.029719553887844086,
0.03712854161858559,
-0.03603056073188782,
-0.004724147263914347,
0.022354621440172195,
-0.10084561258554459,
-0.040033869445323944,
0.006079421378672123,
0.058433953672647476,
-0.2657027840614319,
-0.01595921441912651,
0.05378054454922676,
0.025922343134880066,
0.020684853196144104,
0.04941515624523163,
-0.004623296670615673,
-0.06713220477104187,
0.0017097644740715623,
0.034751735627651215,
0.0021202440839260817,
0.01035159919410944,
0.04382439702749252,
-0.015993406996130943,
-0.07395586371421814,
0.0226322952657938,
-0.006325230933725834,
-0.05103747174143791,
0.046552352607250214,
0.03595922514796257,
-0.05076669156551361,
0.03423217684030533,
0.12380696088075638,
0.028366832062602043,
-0.03841738775372505,
0.02782771736383438,
0.0013744215248152614,
0.040327541530132294,
-0.038243647664785385,
0.027647195383906364,
0.022604959085583687,
-0.036932457238435745,
0.062003374099731445,
-0.06392116844654083,
-0.02200087159872055,
-0.026003137230873108,
-0.04713417962193489,
-0.050480231642723083,
-0.02101662941277027,
-0.046844713389873505,
-0.029570607468485832,
0.04784168303012848,
-0.014719221740961075,
-0.044194433838129044,
0.09116005152463913,
-0.02862921543419361,
-0.04438687860965729,
-0.04539482295513153,
-0.024667613208293915,
0.04607696831226349,
-0.0787695124745369,
-0.029789797961711884,
0.0433335117995739,
0.020151210948824883,
0.013311496935784817,
-0.010095575824379921,
0.012049836106598377,
-0.022641828283667564,
0.02675141580402851,
-0.01802673563361168,
0.016733039170503616,
-0.004507045261561871,
-0.03861730545759201,
0.04877163842320442,
0.05464651435613632
] |
PMID:6687 | The influence of crystal form on the radial stress transmission characteristics of pharmaceutical materials. | Various crystal forms of sulphathiazole, barbitone and aspirin were compressed in a single-punch tablet machine instrumented to monitor axially applied and radially transmitted forces, and upper punch movement. The changes in radial stress during the compression cycle depended upon the polymorphic form of the compressed material. The results were rationalized in terms of the degree of plastic flow/crushing that occurred with each material, and the degree to which the final compact underwent elastic compression. It is postulated that the reduction in the transition temperature of polymorphic forms of sulphathiazole and barbitone and the polymorphic transition of sulphathiazole Form II was due to the production of dislocations in the crystal and the crystals at crystal boundaries formed in the compressed materials. | The influence of crystal form on the radial stress transmission characteristics of pharmaceutical materials. Various crystal forms of sulphathiazole, barbitone and aspirin were compressed in a single-punch tablet machine instrumented to monitor axially applied and radially transmitted forces, and upper punch movement. The changes in radial stress during the compression cycle depended upon the polymorphic form of the compressed material. The results were rationalized in terms of the degree of plastic flow/crushing that occurred with each material, and the degree to which the final compact underwent elastic compression. It is postulated that the reduction in the transition temperature of polymorphic forms of sulphathiazole and barbitone and the polymorphic transition of sulphathiazole Form II was due to the production of dislocations in the crystal and the crystals at crystal boundaries formed in the compressed materials. | [
-0.05779147148132324,
0.009102970361709595,
0.058889277279376984,
0.005248259287327528,
-0.004638977348804474,
0.05871008336544037,
0.02049366757273674,
0.01805294118821621,
-0.06390850991010666,
-0.0574694499373436,
-0.0421089231967926,
0.022759532555937767,
0.06403037905693054,
0.012735545635223389,
0.022621629759669304,
-0.011675172485411167,
0.04114527627825737,
-0.017971713095903397,
0.003031357191503048,
0.0077555226162076,
0.04004313796758652,
-0.004484726116061211,
-0.0025798925198614597,
-0.022040963172912598,
0.027725383639335632,
0.07122047990560532,
0.0038233627565205097,
0.023978905752301216,
-0.044749561697244644,
-0.23754698038101196,
0.02071629837155342,
0.020773062482476234,
0.005754215642809868,
-0.06591280549764633,
0.007069659885019064,
-0.022939080372452736,
-0.040675461292266846,
0.0533246248960495,
-0.06123459339141846,
0.01562710851430893,
0.01874973066151142,
0.009712859988212585,
-0.007287117186933756,
0.006641243118792772,
0.03316071256995201,
-0.011577852070331573,
0.006832391023635864,
0.029971638694405556,
0.1035444363951683,
-0.009090750478208065,
-0.03248196840286255,
-0.010471494868397713,
0.03600407764315605,
-0.028343286365270615,
-0.014169909991323948,
-0.0287945494055748,
0.00827744696289301,
0.04624355584383011,
0.013943251222372055,
0.042032767087221146,
0.006135935895144939,
-0.01519934181123972,
-0.11402162909507751,
0.05020522326231003,
0.07273214310407639,
0.05463646724820137,
-0.014344451949000359,
0.016944633796811104,
0.046720463782548904,
0.0693313330411911,
-0.016523538157343864,
0.027324941009283066,
0.042269907891750336,
0.037785034626722336,
0.029081083834171295,
0.005131423939019442,
0.036610908806324005,
-0.041473597288131714,
-0.04516883194446564,
-0.0019135394832119346,
0.023664375767111778,
-0.028909631073474884,
-0.04755636677145958,
-0.030605023726820946,
-0.06524116545915604,
-0.04223019257187843,
0.011675756424665451,
-0.03381216898560524,
0.02448160946369171,
0.03364378213882446,
-0.024258773773908615,
0.02503034844994545,
-0.01773827336728573,
-0.02627740427851677,
-0.05435950309038162,
-0.024569164961576462,
-0.044440433382987976,
-0.00119971320964396,
-0.019719775766134262,
0.3973333537578583,
-0.031158506870269775,
0.0452144593000412,
-0.00379574135877192,
-0.00474417582154274,
-0.02852892130613327,
0.014623519964516163,
0.033205874264240265,
-0.030148116871714592,
-0.05989991873502731,
0.015958597883582115,
0.030411003157496452,
-0.0029057126957923174,
0.014459092170000076,
-0.025232546031475067,
0.003136266488581896,
-0.05303819850087166,
-0.02972894161939621,
-0.0024038434494286776,
-0.047248441725969315,
0.0004643239954020828,
-0.05176239088177681,
0.06123463809490204,
0.005488138180226088,
-0.023329244926571846,
0.005517939571291208,
-0.04272681474685669,
-0.09388861805200577,
0.06564933061599731,
0.04682420566678047,
-0.039008066058158875,
0.043745528906583786,
0.013808117248117924,
-0.06329043954610825,
0.00963992066681385,
0.019482608884572983,
0.0019098768243566155,
0.017415497452020645,
-0.04182439669966698,
0.025302618741989136,
0.017762871459126472,
-0.06705699861049652,
-0.013325829990208149,
0.007174852769821882,
-0.07110213488340378,
-0.08721142262220383,
0.11048926413059235,
-0.01946195587515831,
0.05127255246043205,
-0.026571493595838547,
0.021718133240938187,
-0.013577624224126339,
-0.01716994121670723,
-0.02631385438144207,
0.05346914380788803,
0.020204272121191025,
-0.013152040541172028,
-0.044832728803157806,
0.009959978051483631,
-0.05048608407378197,
-0.016933783888816833,
-0.04429164528846741,
0.019171832129359245,
0.0003655090113170445,
0.04599084332585335,
-0.01453602034598589,
-0.027614083141088486,
0.016015460714697838,
-0.02198614552617073,
0.0654362142086029,
-0.056805502623319626,
0.014969822950661182,
0.01668144203722477,
-0.014682270586490631,
-0.0016487061511725187,
0.004614062141627073,
0.02792193926870823,
0.05191138759255409,
-0.11715446412563324,
0.05578219145536423,
0.008816175162792206,
0.06538757681846619,
0.056324552744627,
-0.008063282817602158,
-0.000497534463647753,
0.01509807538241148,
0.00990865658968687,
-0.03257692605257034,
0.03929101303219795,
-0.00856772530823946,
0.025228139013051987,
-0.0159458015114069,
-0.014369499869644642,
-0.03627150505781174,
0.07517898082733154,
0.005811095237731934,
0.02309495024383068,
-0.04569077119231224,
0.0500497929751873,
-0.051059890538454056,
0.02375672571361065,
0.08061723411083221,
0.026985127478837967,
0.016074171289801598,
0.08026693761348724,
0.055933669209480286,
0.0712062194943428,
0.03850968927145004,
0.0054621086455881596,
0.014365692622959614,
-0.006602326408028603,
-0.01573173701763153,
-0.02173358015716076,
-0.00023722393962088972,
-0.027920464053750038,
-0.008432799950242043,
-0.030572477728128433,
0.03828717768192291,
0.038488879799842834,
-0.015825679525732994,
0.023382076993584633,
0.05072068050503731,
-0.047758739441633224,
-0.04255940020084381,
-0.3191227614879608,
0.020013248547911644,
-0.012196102179586887,
0.015430555678904057,
0.06634438037872314,
0.015226930379867554,
0.05097445845603943,
-0.026496857404708862,
-0.017480330541729927,
-0.09462995082139969,
0.07559452205896378,
0.09472721815109253,
-0.05620390549302101,
-0.041459597647190094,
-0.039406854659318924,
-0.013823754154145718,
0.0030150068923830986,
0.0347592793405056,
-0.06494908779859543,
-0.009949165396392345,
-0.02802884951233864,
-0.003711249679327011,
-0.053684722632169724,
0.009182102978229523,
0.016773013398051262,
0.010898828506469727,
0.14150507748126984,
-0.04999742656946182,
-0.04660380259156227,
-0.04216073453426361,
-0.0023450918961316347,
0.0491972416639328,
-0.012342970818281174,
-0.06744755804538727,
-0.019488338381052017,
-0.002745245350524783,
0.04109242558479309,
-0.01326624397188425,
-0.02766880951821804,
0.03679430112242699,
-0.016513094305992126,
0.00966479629278183,
0.021026667207479477,
-0.024802185595035553,
0.03061203844845295,
-0.007317977491766214,
-0.03312725946307182,
0.006090903654694557,
0.004764651879668236,
0.05733293667435646,
-0.007577191572636366,
0.02212926186621189,
0.0396549329161644,
-0.03681730106472969,
0.027446193620562553,
-0.04099167510867119,
-0.010066878981888294,
-0.015269875526428223,
0.0040476699359714985,
-0.049814239144325256,
-0.05656556412577629,
0.043110109865665436,
0.05853845924139023,
-0.0023929066956043243,
-0.027132239192724228,
0.0025247603189200163,
-0.008106625638902187,
0.03412459418177605,
0.01737367734313011,
-0.0039401282556355,
-0.00783369317650795,
0.12024884670972824,
-0.05160965025424957,
-0.0007748425123281777,
0.062336187809705734,
-0.0003332859487272799,
-0.01881122961640358,
0.046429604291915894,
-0.025690613314509392,
0.014787215739488602,
-0.018839163705706596,
0.0597144179046154,
0.03669070824980736,
-0.018177280202507973,
-0.011425649747252464,
-0.030246779322624207,
-0.006146772298961878,
-0.01586335524916649,
0.06447678804397583,
-0.023404560983181,
-0.01826821267604828,
-0.022545859217643738,
-0.004148209933191538,
0.004395452793687582,
0.081010602414608,
0.003457092447206378,
-0.3020024597644806,
0.030624261125922203,
0.014837214723229408,
0.023698890581727028,
-0.06692828983068466,
-0.0019884631037712097,
0.06398294121026993,
-0.007406412158161402,
0.022616105154156685,
-0.015451835468411446,
-0.06859119981527328,
0.05722903460264206,
0.03621305152773857,
0.012052291072905064,
-0.015322708524763584,
-0.05971740186214447,
0.0442998893558979,
-0.056980278342962265,
0.01815515197813511,
-0.0501079298555851,
-0.005271305330097675,
-0.03327792137861252,
0.14544007182121277,
-0.006997855380177498,
0.019717443734407425,
0.005178527906537056,
0.00706365006044507,
0.04280887171626091,
-0.056604091078042984,
0.029505964368581772,
-0.04343673959374428,
0.022046929225325584,
0.046774353832006454,
-0.030222808942198753,
-0.009537138044834137,
0.028789764270186424,
-0.0475422628223896,
0.03176133707165718,
0.018723467364907265,
0.0035646206233650446,
0.010771275497972965,
-0.03422420099377632,
-0.0616489015519619,
0.03704240545630455,
0.028705034404993057,
-0.027760785073041916,
-0.059240445494651794,
-0.062217310070991516,
-0.005628951825201511,
-0.0005662700859829783,
-0.01880352385342121,
0.03468771651387215,
-0.004726117476820946,
-0.010205617174506187,
-0.07412213087081909,
0.02210656739771366,
-0.0076601761393249035,
0.012494679540395737,
0.042728863656520844,
0.006561067886650562,
0.007439889013767242,
-0.006495192646980286,
-0.05194073170423508,
0.03604290261864662,
0.0481855645775795
] |
PMID:6688 | Use of the mouse jumping test for estimating antagonistic potencies of morphine antagonists. | The potencies of 19 reference morphine antagonists have been compared in a modified version of the mouse jumping test. Mice were each implanted subcutaneously with one 75 mg pellet of morphine. Antagonist challenge took place 72 h later and the incidence of repetitive vertical-jumping was monitored over 1 h. A high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.997) was found between quantitative assays based on the total number of jumps per mouse and quantal assays based on mice jumping at least 6 times. A comparison of relative potencies obtained with the mouse test and with non-withdrawn morphine-dependent monkeys gave a Spearman rank order coefficient of 0.91 while a similar comparison with values obtained with the guinea-pig isolated ileum preparation also gave a high correlation coefficient (r= 0.92). Whereas it is difficult to assess the antagonistic component of buprenorphine and cyclorphan with the ileum preparation, both compounds can be satisfactorily assayed in the mouse jumping test. The reported antagonistic properties of ketocyclazocine and profadol could not be confirmed in the mouse model. | Use of the mouse jumping test for estimating antagonistic potencies of morphine antagonists. The potencies of 19 reference morphine antagonists have been compared in a modified version of the mouse jumping test. Mice were each implanted subcutaneously with one 75 mg pellet of morphine. Antagonist challenge took place 72 h later and the incidence of repetitive vertical-jumping was monitored over 1 h. A high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.997) was found between quantitative assays based on the total number of jumps per mouse and quantal assays based on mice jumping at least 6 times. A comparison of relative potencies obtained with the mouse test and with non-withdrawn morphine-dependent monkeys gave a Spearman rank order coefficient of 0.91 while a similar comparison with values obtained with the guinea-pig isolated ileum preparation also gave a high correlation coefficient (r= 0.92). Whereas it is difficult to assess the antagonistic component of buprenorphine and cyclorphan with the ileum preparation, both compounds can be satisfactorily assayed in the mouse jumping test. The reported antagonistic properties of ketocyclazocine and profadol could not be confirmed in the mouse model. | [
-0.07691799849271774,
-0.0010242023272439837,
0.023651335388422012,
0.028805403038859367,
0.03555598855018616,
0.0357612669467926,
0.058880165219306946,
0.06395154446363449,
-0.03793749585747719,
-0.04276717081665993,
-0.0016785301268100739,
-0.010148955509066582,
0.016396591439843178,
-0.013068877160549164,
-0.03285270556807518,
0.019374240189790726,
-0.02377684786915779,
-0.022997502237558365,
-0.017921101301908493,
-0.005706499330699444,
-0.024027172476053238,
-0.029310546815395355,
0.0362376868724823,
-0.03759082779288292,
0.008944117464125156,
0.020137498155236244,
-0.021058322861790657,
-0.03541448712348938,
-0.03205059841275215,
-0.18399861454963684,
0.029714656993746758,
0.0059402137994766235,
0.050223782658576965,
-0.07166741043329239,
-0.032914839684963226,
0.0668988898396492,
-0.04095565527677536,
0.02581607736647129,
-0.012948239222168922,
0.0188710018992424,
0.04492569714784622,
0.051362182945013046,
-0.02535577118396759,
0.025690307840704918,
0.052943747490644455,
-0.028331976383924484,
-0.04002473130822182,
-0.0608605295419693,
0.0777171328663826,
0.05939444527029991,
0.025222131982445717,
-0.10613664984703064,
0.02397814206779003,
0.02654753439128399,
0.005105515010654926,
0.004266801290214062,
-0.031041281297802925,
0.0017000716179609299,
0.00004093609095434658,
0.05618467926979065,
-0.012723893858492374,
0.04097922891378403,
-0.11102204024791718,
0.04808259382843971,
0.06178231164813042,
-0.014633926562964916,
-0.013831444084644318,
-0.04513142630457878,
0.03223627060651779,
0.09183177351951599,
0.007179579231888056,
0.022129785269498825,
-0.017275655642151833,
0.033820610493421555,
-0.006510257720947266,
-0.03069581277668476,
-0.0028554219752550125,
0.027327073737978935,
0.009657192043960094,
-0.002381094265729189,
0.03821967542171478,
0.03354104235768318,
0.0000419387906731572,
-0.05265388637781143,
-0.039108846336603165,
-0.06608622521162033,
0.0012273764004930854,
-0.009378494694828987,
0.011319532990455627,
0.036440592259168625,
-0.006504449527710676,
-0.022943150252103806,
-0.009611564688384533,
-0.05445891246199608,
-0.0473909005522728,
-0.010792502202093601,
0.02283540740609169,
-0.05789661034941673,
-0.0029780424665659666,
0.3880905210971832,
-0.027717480435967445,
0.006639671977609396,
-0.0943039208650589,
-0.0029556790832430124,
0.004168276209384203,
-0.015277953818440437,
0.026134276762604713,
0.012884996831417084,
-0.011673941276967525,
0.07398324459791183,
0.06390893459320068,
0.006663200911134481,
0.04365789145231247,
0.008968579582870007,
-0.009521661326289177,
-0.03213036060333252,
0.034414440393447876,
-0.006547139026224613,
-0.00010690985800465569,
0.016062021255493164,
-0.009424378164112568,
-0.02794102020561695,
0.06227460503578186,
-0.003667527576908469,
0.045194484293460846,
-0.05324365943670273,
-0.06156569719314575,
0.06550421565771103,
0.018580058589577675,
0.0028624520637094975,
0.03502373397350311,
-0.020246773958206177,
0.016398489475250244,
-0.01832246035337448,
0.01657690852880478,
0.007776189129799604,
0.061515383422374725,
0.0025083718355745077,
0.0007056812173686922,
0.03697448596358299,
-0.012510266155004501,
-0.043099790811538696,
0.07078031450510025,
-0.027178270742297173,
-0.07570382952690125,
0.0727178230881691,
-0.0033176338765770197,
-0.004384717904031277,
0.002029166091233492,
0.017533959820866585,
0.010425923392176628,
0.02104071155190468,
-0.024216581135988235,
0.048632923513650894,
-0.03439062833786011,
0.06729201972484589,
0.01398118119686842,
0.02056812308728695,
-0.007132051512598991,
0.004753952845931053,
-0.07710397243499756,
-0.004939884413033724,
-0.03154206648468971,
0.09904079139232635,
-0.009804069064557552,
-0.014848466962575912,
-0.0047917491756379604,
0.03804353252053261,
-0.04640408977866173,
-0.01657775230705738,
0.02332700416445732,
0.009235735051333904,
-0.09957035630941391,
-0.0153138292953372,
-0.06611569970846176,
-0.01828134059906006,
-0.011952259577810764,
0.019673464819788933,
0.03230554237961769,
-0.01560427900403738,
0.015820100903511047,
-0.006932039745151997,
-0.030063871294260025,
0.035136040300130844,
0.027506563812494278,
0.003944437950849533,
-0.03545974940061569,
-0.01854831911623478,
-0.020440561696887016,
0.03011946566402912,
-0.015232385136187077,
-0.017292220145463943,
-0.035592708736658096,
0.0016791082452982664,
-0.018244344741106033,
-0.008342878893017769,
-0.0364350862801075,
0.004637440666556358,
-0.016566039994359016,
0.0222874004393816,
0.10092291980981827,
-0.012217364273965359,
0.014434299431741238,
0.053367286920547485,
0.04651942476630211,
0.04240017384290695,
0.019383780658245087,
0.022879865020513535,
0.05880139768123627,
-0.014276474714279175,
-0.04073329642415047,
-0.034350402653217316,
0.04694736376404762,
-0.01525932364165783,
-0.042044494301080704,
0.03959088400006294,
-0.030523227527737617,
0.00341783557087183,
0.024595491588115692,
0.05874451994895935,
0.008926319889724255,
0.0028553081210702658,
0.06244054436683655,
-0.3339884877204895,
-0.011065399274230003,
0.023017030209302902,
0.03192731738090515,
0.0491187646985054,
0.014052029699087143,
0.03678508475422859,
-0.058410752564668655,
0.008277258835732937,
-0.016842680051922798,
0.0018752501346170902,
0.019974954426288605,
-0.06722405552864075,
-0.0018096003914251924,
-0.028305914252996445,
0.03730393946170807,
0.0017306237714365125,
-0.04050315171480179,
0.02129220776259899,
0.028973769396543503,
-0.03146173059940338,
-0.038461990654468536,
-0.03469991683959961,
0.008009751327335835,
-0.026715300977230072,
0.003415711922571063,
0.13237209618091583,
0.05383552610874176,
0.01409961562603712,
0.003203019732609391,
-0.029067497700452805,
0.03297639638185501,
0.018849611282348633,
-0.08283086121082306,
0.010698099620640278,
-0.016549350693821907,
-0.004358361475169659,
-0.05012135952711105,
0.02085386961698532,
-0.027837255969643593,
-0.05334794148802757,
0.054459840059280396,
0.042998481541872025,
-0.11556751281023026,
-0.062371447682380676,
-0.0178338922560215,
-0.02843937650322914,
0.048236966133117676,
-0.023924438282847404,
0.04063163325190544,
0.043201036751270294,
0.03685763478279114,
0.00919077917933464,
-0.07108431309461594,
0.018524184823036194,
-0.005502994172275066,
-0.053730953484773636,
-0.03880561888217926,
-0.022828485816717148,
-0.03614797070622444,
0.0017116698436439037,
-0.015034940093755722,
0.02778654359281063,
-0.027752231806516647,
0.00031348795164376497,
0.017587197944521904,
0.00975834485143423,
-0.020178839564323425,
0.07881152629852295,
0.020923558622598648,
0.03133075684309006,
0.10939574986696243,
0.007060153875499964,
-0.007964979857206345,
0.052020326256752014,
0.022880515083670616,
-0.06238269805908203,
0.0062592667527496815,
-0.10205575078725815,
0.012739543803036213,
-0.05586562305688858,
0.04743976891040802,
-0.009220687672495842,
0.020594850182533264,
-0.04090118780732155,
-0.06027651205658913,
0.03477037325501442,
0.020105227828025818,
0.11608324944972992,
-0.031155481934547424,
-0.013449316844344139,
0.06499804556369781,
-0.04242001846432686,
-0.06690886616706848,
0.0012956879800185561,
0.053377602249383926,
-0.29515600204467773,
0.0042503224685788155,
0.05843144655227661,
0.03998253121972084,
0.024956516921520233,
-0.04332531616091728,
0.06142605468630791,
-0.06396682560443878,
-0.06124400720000267,
-0.02173835039138794,
0.014889206737279892,
0.06232479214668274,
0.024216828867793083,
0.022493302822113037,
-0.014166422188282013,
0.002590454649180174,
0.05825648456811905,
0.0017315074801445007,
-0.004223283380270004,
-0.10246659070253372,
0.030536632984876633,
-0.023865576833486557,
0.1283986121416092,
-0.019820403307676315,
-0.028053157031536102,
0.05222541093826294,
0.023567112162709236,
-0.007944934070110321,
-0.0060712420381605625,
-0.041810568422079086,
-0.041642069816589355,
0.005509518552571535,
0.04620398208498955,
-0.013100610114634037,
0.002891035284847021,
0.06370320916175842,
-0.03596240654587746,
0.04109399765729904,
0.0202524121850729,
-0.00886999350041151,
-0.03292390704154968,
0.01566239818930626,
-0.04809027165174484,
-0.03349539265036583,
0.1057647317647934,
-0.04805479943752289,
-0.015245035290718079,
-0.034967005252838135,
-0.02194838784635067,
0.01724851131439209,
-0.0589253231883049,
-0.03642088547348976,
0.03122173435986042,
-0.018348453566432,
0.03569486364722252,
0.010238093324005604,
0.03182565048336983,
-0.011418493464589119,
-0.026169171556830406,
-0.0014821630902588367,
-0.053313810378313065,
-0.033011700958013535,
0.018485156819224358,
0.06110157445073128,
0.05281990021467209
] |
PMID:6689 | The narcotic discriminative stimulus complex: relation to analgesic activity. | The ability of drugs to produce the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is found to be highly correlated with their analgesic activity; in contrast, no relation with their antidiarrhoeal activity is evident. The findings suggest that the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is a centrally mediated effect of narcotic drugs. | The narcotic discriminative stimulus complex: relation to analgesic activity. The ability of drugs to produce the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is found to be highly correlated with their analgesic activity; in contrast, no relation with their antidiarrhoeal activity is evident. The findings suggest that the narcotic discriminative stimulus complex is a centrally mediated effect of narcotic drugs. | [
0.029573962092399597,
-0.021366270259022713,
-0.0264169592410326,
0.047584835439920425,
0.03847239539027214,
-0.022175179794430733,
0.09467332810163498,
0.09297998994588852,
-0.031533874571323395,
-0.036828234791755676,
-0.005521492101252079,
0.023721804842352867,
0.028155207633972168,
0.0238366536796093,
-0.020170478150248528,
0.02453155443072319,
0.022743362933397293,
0.002063844818621874,
-0.02077549695968628,
-0.02003055438399315,
-0.017028553411364555,
-0.007901734672486782,
-0.020784422755241394,
-0.021438708528876305,
-0.04128984361886978,
0.03202488645911217,
0.0067330882884562016,
-0.025892842561006546,
-0.06555287539958954,
-0.17293252050876617,
0.0019489858532324433,
0.08218543976545334,
0.08627154678106308,
-0.030058829113841057,
0.016455581411719322,
0.023251349106431007,
-0.009588818997144699,
0.053874753415584564,
-0.041100531816482544,
-0.011905047111213207,
0.03164166957139969,
0.026497740298509598,
-0.012216608040034771,
0.022939754649996758,
0.010046313516795635,
-0.06599477678537369,
-0.08320297300815582,
-0.01216308493167162,
0.018307778984308243,
-0.015639731660485268,
0.05023263022303581,
-0.08323812484741211,
-0.01147348340600729,
0.07059529423713684,
0.02487196959555149,
-0.015647850930690765,
-0.06394851952791214,
0.025429850444197655,
-0.037560559809207916,
0.05993255600333214,
0.03468955308198929,
0.08534140884876251,
-0.15150633454322815,
0.017964569851756096,
0.04019877687096596,
-0.03270407021045685,
-0.03859718143939972,
-0.0266465712338686,
0.05945523828268051,
0.08416600525379181,
-0.02498893439769745,
-0.0007846352527849376,
-0.01856999099254608,
0.012238269671797752,
0.02474442683160305,
-0.05551394820213318,
-0.014034696854650974,
0.0069220648147165775,
-0.0360640324652195,
-0.006083638407289982,
0.06961280852556229,
-0.0045570372603833675,
-0.031462009996175766,
0.01525141578167677,
0.048782829195261,
-0.05265876278281212,
0.020115990191698074,
-0.03936471417546272,
0.011368711479008198,
0.02152835763990879,
-0.046233322471380234,
-0.021101796999573708,
-0.015476074069738388,
-0.06911314278841019,
-0.05497276782989502,
-0.0012101345928385854,
-0.003013972193002701,
-0.03619245067238808,
0.01581740938127041,
0.31497302651405334,
0.013355076313018799,
-0.02664909139275551,
-0.020693378522992134,
-0.04253062233328819,
0.0006600127089768648,
0.018341781571507454,
0.07611473649740219,
0.002947705565020442,
-0.07829950749874115,
0.07731606811285019,
0.01509375311434269,
0.019212298095226288,
-0.02693447470664978,
0.020149480551481247,
-0.006470967549830675,
0.021176666021347046,
0.07677335292100906,
0.034870732575654984,
0.03426537662744522,
-0.07742040604352951,
0.029444973915815353,
-0.05345109850168228,
0.01697431318461895,
-0.022884972393512726,
0.03490905836224556,
-0.0012138261226937175,
-0.05372912436723709,
0.10506275296211243,
0.007721590343862772,
-0.0685034915804863,
0.03392336145043373,
-0.0341016910970211,
0.044083740562200546,
0.02505829557776451,
0.02789459004998207,
0.00660484004765749,
0.05581800267100334,
-0.013234996236860752,
-0.015294821001589298,
-0.029359016567468643,
-0.013335466384887695,
-0.018296200782060623,
0.03362136334180832,
-0.03400770202279091,
-0.057959284633398056,
0.05893905460834503,
-0.03727581724524498,
-0.02185085043311119,
0.0007725857431069016,
0.04655333235859871,
-0.04332417994737625,
0.01688329502940178,
-0.027432505041360855,
0.05711818113923073,
-0.059118472039699554,
0.007439694367349148,
0.07072765380144119,
-0.059927187860012054,
-0.0007065712125040591,
0.018794644623994827,
0.002512857550755143,
-0.05248762294650078,
0.029842359945178032,
0.13509830832481384,
-0.013037366792559624,
0.012573923915624619,
0.0007348741055466235,
0.03811822831630707,
0.011364797130227089,
-0.043548520654439926,
0.014403915032744408,
-0.002216101624071598,
-0.01902923546731472,
-0.026472851634025574,
0.009470515884459019,
-0.027892466634511948,
-0.0013485682429745793,
0.05842607468366623,
-0.02286616899073124,
-0.008879072032868862,
0.08651557564735413,
-0.05543798953294754,
0.0108242342248559,
0.04010746255517006,
0.017476113513112068,
0.06360702961683273,
-0.021766655147075653,
0.033794667571783066,
0.026947293430566788,
-0.03523440286517143,
0.01680980809032917,
-0.009180084802210331,
-0.08745042234659195,
0.019603870809078217,
-0.04084881395101547,
-0.04538648575544357,
0.038714632391929626,
0.01567354053258896,
-0.04327425733208656,
0.01016221847385168,
0.034587275236845016,
0.0355086475610733,
-0.020915959030389786,
0.029843827709555626,
0.014919701963663101,
0.046242088079452515,
-0.0030269292183220387,
0.010056705214083195,
0.025190293788909912,
-0.06297052651643753,
-0.009798525832593441,
0.030335480347275734,
0.032838333398103714,
-0.04816702753305435,
-0.058398760855197906,
0.012394214980304241,
-0.006730398628860712,
-0.010018653236329556,
-0.015045790001749992,
0.03163055703043938,
-0.015146955847740173,
-0.047911256551742554,
0.04222697392106056,
-0.29637664556503296,
0.031198034062981606,
0.006452537607401609,
0.0008323209476657212,
0.02349456027150154,
-0.008304714225232601,
0.039601318538188934,
0.03549964725971222,
-0.039078354835510254,
-0.0010870409896597266,
0.06546802818775177,
0.06984061747789383,
-0.04978403076529503,
-0.014106733724474907,
0.014785551466047764,
0.030797405168414116,
0.031269222497940063,
-0.0023430590517818928,
0.018993841484189034,
0.025172173976898193,
0.023827172815799713,
-0.005270751658827066,
0.033705536276102066,
-0.005842624232172966,
-0.028457801789045334,
-0.02353033795952797,
0.10223741084337234,
0.014693954959511757,
0.03505979850888252,
0.02639545314013958,
-0.015372161753475666,
0.05676576495170593,
-0.029621971771121025,
-0.1236383393406868,
0.0011820595245808363,
-0.034601569175720215,
-0.010943561792373657,
-0.04348002374172211,
-0.004860092420130968,
-0.03861232101917267,
-0.03011332079768181,
0.006123680155724287,
0.05674651265144348,
0.013064982369542122,
-0.03733392804861069,
0.007499935571104288,
-0.024695152416825294,
-0.007717837113887072,
-0.07418887317180634,
-0.013412282802164555,
0.05628908425569534,
0.013744961470365524,
0.03490873798727989,
0.00845446065068245,
-0.016901440918445587,
-0.016689058393239975,
-0.0354815237224102,
-0.04678657278418541,
-0.09423578530550003,
-0.05533348023891449,
0.04702470824122429,
-0.0025939689949154854,
0.028230246156454086,
-0.07530651241540909,
0.011877543292939663,
0.05041775107383728,
-0.030511951074004173,
-0.0789533257484436,
0.05032398924231529,
0.09769833832979202,
-0.008736131712794304,
0.1441129446029663,
-0.062121856957674026,
-0.0526033490896225,
0.10906632244586945,
-0.023148134350776672,
-0.0953836664557457,
-0.04201282560825348,
-0.06852660328149796,
0.020831748843193054,
-0.02880258858203888,
0.027110835537314415,
0.013844532892107964,
0.030079325661063194,
-0.010298145934939384,
-0.0604625828564167,
0.07853827625513077,
-0.03598862886428833,
0.10441207140684128,
0.03144082427024841,
0.022459732368588448,
-0.0037060240283608437,
0.04732174053788185,
-0.06618653237819672,
0.019603906199336052,
0.07006032019853592,
-0.2656671702861786,
-0.017028076574206352,
0.03104887343943119,
-0.05686681345105171,
0.015845701098442078,
0.010939151048660278,
0.0523449070751667,
0.009096350520849228,
-0.0433366633951664,
-0.036993883550167084,
-0.014587601646780968,
0.03607386350631714,
-0.01363492663949728,
0.016323193907737732,
-0.021178757771849632,
-0.0027591008692979813,
0.09087458997964859,
-0.04047819972038269,
-0.005984448827803135,
-0.005779378581792116,
0.04556882381439209,
0.01727740466594696,
0.14188702404499054,
0.0013654055073857307,
0.009839432314038277,
0.015071879141032696,
0.002814993029460311,
-0.03776904568076134,
-0.022640634328126907,
-0.0053848386742174625,
0.016582267358899117,
0.06866652518510818,
0.03435511514544487,
-0.023063642904162407,
-0.022671056911349297,
0.06592635810375214,
-0.02757701463997364,
0.037073876708745956,
-0.0281565822660923,
0.009797290898859501,
0.009999874979257584,
-0.01351193618029356,
-0.07556062191724777,
-0.05213550850749016,
0.09748879820108414,
-0.03253898769617081,
-0.01382658164948225,
-0.10046020895242691,
-0.018679697066545486,
0.018468961119651794,
-0.03404134139418602,
-0.02909129299223423,
0.024855805560946465,
-0.028788862749934196,
0.023548521101474762,
0.014459799975156784,
-0.07834329456090927,
0.01717342622578144,
0.06364517658948898,
-0.031105903908610344,
-0.014799925498664379,
-0.04751278832554817,
0.019261084496974945,
0.07236490398645401,
-0.022255809977650642
] |
PMID:6690 | A sensitive biological assay for prostaglandin E and acetylcholine. | Superfused hamster stomach strip has been used in the bioassay of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and acetylcholine. The preparation proved very stable and had no spontaneous movements. The sensitivity to PGE2 (and PGE1) was in the range of 10(-9) g ml(-1) and to acetylcholine 10(-12) g ml(-1). After treatment with physostigmine the sensitivity to acetylcholine was 10(-15) g ml(-1). In acetylcholine determination the preparation is more sensitive than any other method. | A sensitive biological assay for prostaglandin E and acetylcholine. Superfused hamster stomach strip has been used in the bioassay of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and acetylcholine. The preparation proved very stable and had no spontaneous movements. The sensitivity to PGE2 (and PGE1) was in the range of 10(-9) g ml(-1) and to acetylcholine 10(-12) g ml(-1). After treatment with physostigmine the sensitivity to acetylcholine was 10(-15) g ml(-1). In acetylcholine determination the preparation is more sensitive than any other method. | [
-0.045270971953868866,
0.050716422498226166,
-0.037446629256010056,
-0.032033734023571014,
0.005181532818824053,
0.00034220406087115407,
0.07623632997274399,
0.028101347386837006,
-0.043296586722135544,
-0.008610855787992477,
0.023519570007920265,
-0.043281856924295425,
-0.00822299811989069,
-0.012190308421850204,
-0.04340307042002678,
-0.010772685520350933,
0.05739591643214226,
-0.015300978906452656,
-0.0750410333275795,
0.04013676568865776,
-0.008477101102471352,
0.00824227835983038,
0.032541900873184204,
-0.04662090167403221,
-0.014887556433677673,
0.0327175073325634,
-0.019891822710633278,
-0.004561915993690491,
-0.06200634688138962,
-0.15878427028656006,
0.06047353893518448,
-0.04081471264362335,
0.007773225195705891,
-0.04073556885123253,
-0.016597626730799675,
-0.00041293888352811337,
-0.03661193698644638,
-0.029427440837025642,
-0.025515373796224594,
0.04911993443965912,
0.07393421977758408,
-0.01197742484509945,
-0.009554733522236347,
0.03658178821206093,
0.10186129808425903,
0.03366938233375549,
-0.01972031407058239,
-0.01691778376698494,
0.06536645442247391,
-0.006877514999359846,
0.06968099623918533,
0.019290301948785782,
0.015418062917888165,
0.0121499914675951,
0.029649822041392326,
-0.07078859955072403,
-0.05245925486087799,
0.02126287668943405,
-0.03217468783259392,
0.03462459519505501,
-0.030875137075781822,
0.08195807784795761,
-0.13358834385871887,
0.06895741820335388,
0.027803851291537285,
-0.05363532155752182,
-0.014737220481038094,
-0.039876364171504974,
-0.006250523962080479,
0.0658046081662178,
-0.028835708275437355,
0.05777466669678688,
-0.013881837017834187,
0.03997919335961342,
-0.022002387791872025,
0.037029340863227844,
0.05315377563238144,
-0.02425621822476387,
0.04537671059370041,
-0.00467153312638402,
0.017477206885814667,
-0.031227080151438713,
0.00504152849316597,
-0.023056218400597572,
0.0013745420146733522,
-0.006224106997251511,
0.06674749404191971,
0.03514060005545616,
0.041781604290008545,
0.02667352743446827,
-0.012519997544586658,
-0.041083309799432755,
-0.04609542712569237,
-0.03494779393076897,
-0.05706962198019028,
0.03234222158789635,
-0.02951034903526306,
-0.01671728491783142,
-0.018606161698698997,
0.3603479564189911,
-0.07255813479423523,
0.004581707064062357,
-0.06355728954076767,
-0.02536841854453087,
0.021415919065475464,
-0.024628914892673492,
0.0015110300155356526,
-0.01151591632515192,
-0.034032564610242844,
0.017140841111540794,
0.07808026671409607,
0.021332914009690285,
0.09034367650747299,
0.0036956248804926872,
-0.036179106682538986,
0.0011673227418214083,
0.03097258135676384,
-0.05833360552787781,
-0.01503616850823164,
0.01890340819954872,
-0.015901625156402588,
-0.0524907112121582,
0.06726230680942535,
0.0035761164035648108,
0.024876853451132774,
-0.03375019505620003,
-0.004655066877603531,
0.03708351403474808,
0.0036955666728317738,
0.014279619790613651,
0.054717592895030975,
0.0064651258289813995,
-0.017626119777560234,
0.044196054339408875,
0.014487051405012608,
-0.07092258334159851,
0.02892664261162281,
0.07365263253450394,
0.06216950714588165,
-0.02863352745771408,
-0.03861400485038757,
-0.016725245863199234,
-0.004928072448819876,
-0.07057145982980728,
-0.031868916004896164,
0.061164479702711105,
0.030119389295578003,
0.022559398785233498,
-0.06916651874780655,
-0.009782337583601475,
-0.0006308573065325618,
0.029271911829710007,
0.01250606682151556,
0.017781924456357956,
-0.022294607013463974,
0.046013910323381424,
0.03676598519086838,
-0.0327308252453804,
0.001580013777129352,
-0.010876953601837158,
-0.04412643983960152,
-0.0044626761227846146,
-0.012494182214140892,
0.026236282661557198,
0.02248590998351574,
-0.031861402094364166,
-0.029500385746359825,
-0.016635578125715256,
0.035380493849515915,
0.061878129839897156,
-0.002087597269564867,
-0.012828788720071316,
-0.016429614275693893,
-0.03320701792836189,
-0.0421891026198864,
0.02294170670211315,
0.0035402828361839056,
0.019946061074733734,
0.05933019518852234,
0.022819848731160164,
0.03444512188434601,
-0.006884137634187937,
-0.010212828405201435,
-0.0069197616539895535,
0.031241808086633682,
-0.016414929181337357,
-0.04778117686510086,
-0.015975913032889366,
0.028430158272385597,
0.09412147849798203,
-0.031871095299720764,
-0.01765776053071022,
-0.0568232387304306,
0.025053372606635094,
-0.03128749504685402,
-0.015218892134726048,
-0.05301667004823685,
-0.019432539120316505,
-0.020010817795991898,
-0.02394098974764347,
0.1424766182899475,
-0.028137484565377235,
0.0067270067520439625,
0.042666323482990265,
0.01397442352026701,
0.06438739597797394,
0.042228445410728455,
0.002757549751549959,
0.054425280541181564,
0.033317964524030685,
-0.0008086164598353207,
0.000011522663044161163,
-0.00855042040348053,
-0.042318761348724365,
-0.0654086172580719,
0.05896087735891342,
-0.009967761114239693,
0.00182337686419487,
0.07116502523422241,
0.013518786989152431,
0.007840397767722607,
0.008474553935229778,
-0.007655531167984009,
-0.3276238739490509,
-0.029744666069746017,
0.012011553160846233,
-0.03963794186711311,
0.08384878188371658,
-0.015042487531900406,
0.0035824887454509735,
-0.08704552054405212,
0.016254324465990067,
-0.06616584956645966,
0.061849795281887054,
0.0697367861866951,
-0.049557384103536606,
0.03154440224170685,
0.03834892809391022,
0.13774675130844116,
0.024449242278933525,
-0.07074178755283356,
0.009774044156074524,
0.023487936705350876,
0.03057621419429779,
-0.03109010122716427,
-0.055317897349596024,
0.03458765149116516,
0.07510752975940704,
0.016411032527685165,
0.12451419234275818,
-0.005781393963843584,
-0.01594606414437294,
-0.02364981919527054,
0.0166418869048357,
0.0004479190392885357,
-0.016507688909769058,
-0.08127427846193314,
0.04449281841516495,
-0.025246312841773033,
-0.02022816427052021,
0.06874135136604309,
0.013579771853983402,
-0.03509404882788658,
-0.048367299139499664,
0.02742871642112732,
0.03970111533999443,
-0.10833141952753067,
-0.09126615524291992,
-0.06145772337913513,
0.02015008218586445,
-0.009024502709507942,
-0.014482421800494194,
-0.03546444699168205,
0.04946839436888695,
0.011871441267430782,
0.01790490746498108,
-0.0363701730966568,
-0.023473333567380905,
-0.01919717527925968,
-0.014918525703251362,
0.03412332385778427,
-0.08425743132829666,
-0.005724795162677765,
0.024446139112114906,
0.010210621170699596,
0.028220413252711296,
-0.06519734114408493,
-0.027271592989563942,
0.026234019547700882,
0.007661173120141029,
-0.024901507422327995,
0.042293794453144073,
0.011674415320158005,
0.0668024942278862,
0.10659920424222946,
-0.039353545755147934,
0.02552388608455658,
0.03628700599074364,
0.03201548010110855,
0.045233018696308136,
-0.020460067316889763,
-0.0964142382144928,
0.036303382366895676,
-0.0183721911162138,
0.021506303921341896,
0.04845784232020378,
-0.015071812085807323,
-0.0625501424074173,
-0.0016766879707574844,
0.01920492947101593,
-0.05233191326260567,
0.09564391523599625,
0.01094373781234026,
-0.026788154616951942,
-0.006440320983529091,
0.008574030362069607,
-0.0027946406044065952,
-0.04916436970233917,
0.03102438896894455,
-0.242435023188591,
0.01284165121614933,
0.013649240136146545,
0.00015227810945361853,
-0.0534699521958828,
-0.002835262566804886,
-0.01329887006431818,
-0.047528959810733795,
-0.03601302206516266,
-0.03992096707224846,
0.030999472364783287,
0.03601906821131706,
0.061793986707925797,
0.07165718823671341,
-0.01754325069487095,
0.009737513959407806,
0.024671461433172226,
-0.05483420938253403,
0.006838835775852203,
-0.05348610505461693,
0.027546005323529243,
-0.05702590197324753,
0.15615661442279816,
0.0912114828824997,
-0.019497953355312347,
-0.01787550374865532,
0.01867819018661976,
-0.02521863766014576,
0.009700706228613853,
-0.007229124661535025,
-0.014548945240676403,
-0.012299365364015102,
0.007552947849035263,
-0.048252470791339874,
0.007136708591133356,
0.07109998166561127,
-0.05954185500741005,
0.0009259654325433075,
-0.0531291589140892,
-0.04278166592121124,
0.0031936781015247107,
-0.0007957018096931279,
-0.03619702160358429,
-0.008394427597522736,
0.04101952537894249,
-0.08740445971488953,
0.005442974157631397,
-0.03537018969655037,
0.008635753765702248,
-0.018535058945417404,
-0.027595078572630882,
-0.04369821771979332,
0.04873758554458618,
0.018985651433467865,
0.016011549159884453,
-0.028191260993480682,
0.006165227387100458,
-0.011166918091475964,
0.012228314764797688,
0.03393267095088959,
-0.002536211395636201,
0.0012682582018896937,
-0.04393792524933815,
0.08787617087364197,
0.01644192822277546
] |
PMID:6691 | Intestinal pH and propulsion: an explanation of diarrhoea in lactase deficiency and laxation by lactulose. | Subjects deficient in lactase may experience bloating, cramps and diarrhoea after ingesting milk, due to the unhydrolysed and poorly-absorbed lactose. The diarrhoea may result from an osmotic effect of the lactose itself or its poorly-absorbed acidic products of fermentation (Weijers, van de Kamer & others, 1961; Christopher & Bayless, 1971), possibly together with an alteration of sodium and water absorption due to the lowered colonic pH (Rousseau & Sladen, 1971). Laxation by lactulose (1-4-beta-galactosidofructose) may operate through an analogous mechanism. The drug is a synthetic dissaccharide which, in oral doses of 10-20 g, relieves chronic constipation (Wesselius-de Casparis, Braadbaart & others, 1968). It is neither hydrolysed by intestinal dissaccharidase (Dahlqvist & Gryboski, 1965) nor absorbed in the gut, but it is converted in the colon mainly to lactic and acetic acids by various bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus. Apart from the increased osmotic effect, the pH in the proximal colon falls markedly (Bown, Gibson & others, 1974), and larger doses may reduce stool pH. Weijers & others (1961) inferred that the acidic products formed from lactose in the colon stimulate propulsion, and K.S. Liem (Philips-Duphar) suggested to us that lactulose may relieve constipation partly by stimulation of propulsion due to the lowered pH. The experiments described below support this view. | Intestinal pH and propulsion: an explanation of diarrhoea in lactase deficiency and laxation by lactulose. Subjects deficient in lactase may experience bloating, cramps and diarrhoea after ingesting milk, due to the unhydrolysed and poorly-absorbed lactose. The diarrhoea may result from an osmotic effect of the lactose itself or its poorly-absorbed acidic products of fermentation (Weijers, van de Kamer & others, 1961; Christopher & Bayless, 1971), possibly together with an alteration of sodium and water absorption due to the lowered colonic pH (Rousseau & Sladen, 1971). Laxation by lactulose (1-4-beta-galactosidofructose) may operate through an analogous mechanism. The drug is a synthetic dissaccharide which, in oral doses of 10-20 g, relieves chronic constipation (Wesselius-de Casparis, Braadbaart & others, 1968). It is neither hydrolysed by intestinal dissaccharidase (Dahlqvist & Gryboski, 1965) nor absorbed in the gut, but it is converted in the colon mainly to lactic and acetic acids by various bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus. Apart from the increased osmotic effect, the pH in the proximal colon falls markedly (Bown, Gibson & others, 1974), and larger doses may reduce stool pH. Weijers & others (1961) inferred that the acidic products formed from lactose in the colon stimulate propulsion, and K.S. Liem (Philips-Duphar) suggested to us that lactulose may relieve constipation partly by stimulation of propulsion due to the lowered pH. The experiments described below support this view. | [
-0.027300631627440453,
-0.024612203240394592,
0.02569115161895752,
0.0375971756875515,
0.011782682500779629,
-0.07923825830221176,
0.032540470361709595,
0.10332320630550385,
-0.010213828645646572,
-0.06070573255419731,
0.017072424292564392,
-0.084322988986969,
0.005400773603469133,
-0.0038083409890532494,
-0.014352086931467056,
-0.0347895622253418,
0.039461635053157806,
-0.00211276370100677,
-0.14602208137512207,
-0.023636845871806145,
0.025035973638296127,
-0.024471363052725792,
0.00020781063358299434,
0.00862827803939581,
0.048856526613235474,
0.030536141246557236,
0.008912904188036919,
-0.016100754961371422,
-0.09466136246919632,
-0.16684770584106445,
0.01864527352154255,
-0.007353597320616245,
0.04304910823702812,
0.01217646524310112,
-0.07887020707130432,
0.05531764775514603,
-0.05449271947145462,
0.030762171372771263,
-0.023531654849648476,
0.021555248647928238,
0.04872528836131096,
-0.0025593533646315336,
0.0016166805289685726,
0.05349249020218849,
0.009114116430282593,
0.019605368375778198,
-0.06437312066555023,
0.0526396706700325,
0.12485567480325699,
0.012963959947228432,
-0.03910370171070099,
0.012919117696583271,
0.0003504175692796707,
0.0416514053940773,
0.029932213947176933,
0.021721746772527695,
0.005794418044388294,
-0.0058069671504199505,
0.04303337633609772,
0.01496027410030365,
0.03245270252227783,
0.007348843850195408,
-0.13216903805732727,
0.02424306981265545,
0.043318986892700195,
0.00021174772700760514,
-0.041857656091451645,
-0.06241137906908989,
0.055154986679553986,
0.058826375752687454,
-0.041972335427999496,
-0.0018627821700647473,
-0.015828032046556473,
0.01578718237578869,
0.02741117775440216,
-0.07012595236301422,
0.02384839579463005,
0.024036720395088196,
-0.0030143503099679947,
0.03293370082974434,
0.05268986523151398,
0.029490327462553978,
0.030085861682891846,
-0.048321519047021866,
0.003869502805173397,
-0.07611650228500366,
0.019630474969744682,
0.008554184809327126,
-0.0018753285985440016,
0.026497362181544304,
-0.04239710420370102,
-0.10571271181106567,
-0.01775076985359192,
0.01249175425618887,
-0.056873343884944916,
0.04987740144133568,
-0.022678062319755554,
-0.07318902760744095,
0.013278386555612087,
0.37460553646087646,
-0.02090027742087841,
0.03360354155302048,
-0.011331574991345406,
-0.031126810237765312,
0.04185191169381142,
0.026875857263803482,
0.021645352244377136,
0.03770231828093529,
0.03632071614265442,
0.03063746728003025,
0.07024814188480377,
0.05433448404073715,
0.022808929905295372,
-0.024238774552941322,
-0.04686073586344719,
0.03685669228434563,
0.04550626873970032,
0.005078538320958614,
-0.03833848237991333,
0.04359591007232666,
-0.048960477113723755,
0.03061254695057869,
0.029002385213971138,
-0.000648771645501256,
0.07583486288785934,
0.012673536315560341,
-0.005023034755140543,
0.08055399358272552,
0.011912142857909203,
-0.012756493873894215,
0.028255397453904152,
-0.04138416051864624,
0.040925636887550354,
0.053183458745479584,
0.040876537561416626,
-0.04707406833767891,
0.036186471581459045,
-0.02956443652510643,
0.06179207190871239,
0.010519739240407944,
-0.0454331710934639,
-0.08459586650133133,
0.011418234556913376,
-0.10613477975130081,
-0.07365825027227402,
0.030236251652240753,
0.006382517050951719,
0.005352743435651064,
-0.028485530987381935,
0.021404139697551727,
0.024540632963180542,
0.0161199402064085,
-0.011274808086454868,
0.012561093084514141,
0.01567625254392624,
-0.007059864699840546,
0.019337376579642296,
0.03612396493554115,
-0.03213968873023987,
-0.03367919847369194,
-0.026904333382844925,
-0.011444320902228355,
-0.020655089989304543,
0.052423179149627686,
0.010782350786030293,
0.035734593868255615,
0.006630339659750462,
0.05224700644612312,
-0.02120252512395382,
0.0042266687378287315,
-0.02933340333402157,
0.0015791465993970633,
-0.060190118849277496,
-0.06368989497423172,
0.014799117110669613,
0.004067883361130953,
0.040567558258771896,
0.0370120108127594,
-0.0031320557463914156,
-0.024164369329810143,
0.00619460130110383,
-0.03311452642083168,
0.05836079269647598,
0.0017827902920544147,
0.04658444970846176,
0.002601643092930317,
-0.06789764016866684,
0.024266550317406654,
0.0009767087176442146,
-0.011874341405928135,
0.00721031054854393,
-0.04155115410685539,
-0.11244500428438187,
-0.02151327207684517,
-0.002807136857882142,
-0.015690190717577934,
-0.015851086005568504,
-0.0014160614227876067,
-0.06661264598369598,
0.00248124310746789,
-0.011719666421413422,
0.019416550174355507,
0.018885768949985504,
-0.020907750353217125,
0.008511600084602833,
0.03289715573191643,
-0.009966675192117691,
0.016098186373710632,
0.03279642015695572,
-0.008464228361845016,
0.018536323681473732,
0.04710441827774048,
-0.021075546741485596,
0.013310336507856846,
-0.02169271931052208,
0.05782335251569748,
-0.007628533057868481,
-0.009711520746350288,
0.022864116355776787,
-0.00449338648468256,
0.08540281653404236,
-0.04633794352412224,
0.013970470055937767,
-0.2906714379787445,
-0.016925819218158722,
-0.011695796623826027,
-0.0015293103642761707,
0.04335607960820198,
-0.06473037600517273,
-0.045587874948978424,
0.000012467598935472779,
0.001708615804091096,
-0.0655098408460617,
0.051707662642002106,
0.03193627670407295,
-0.06638577580451965,
0.026469651609659195,
-0.007183704525232315,
0.02275281399488449,
0.028228621929883957,
-0.056705325841903687,
0.015424980781972408,
-0.002087964676320553,
0.04534757509827614,
-0.033422041684389114,
0.11760983616113663,
0.01410993654280901,
-0.021385557949543,
-0.019047927111387253,
0.09404145181179047,
0.05839147791266441,
0.013639746233820915,
-0.013497130014002323,
-0.0024722698144614697,
0.058206357061862946,
0.05230100080370903,
-0.05064145103096962,
-0.007012621033936739,
-0.007993637584149837,
0.031767066568136215,
-0.09881405532360077,
-0.025738513097167015,
-0.027464451268315315,
-0.08059129863977432,
0.01760549284517765,
-0.029573576524853706,
0.012079182080924511,
-0.02958722971379757,
-0.009694741107523441,
0.013833928853273392,
0.013524673879146576,
-0.01578252576291561,
0.03383798524737358,
0.00828484445810318,
0.015208899043500423,
0.005243965890258551,
-0.009911478497087955,
0.012048942036926746,
0.031279902905225754,
0.01434243656694889,
0.03334937244653702,
-0.08513401448726654,
-0.010362058877944946,
-0.06266781687736511,
-0.045528434216976166,
0.06405086070299149,
0.022554706782102585,
0.005243211984634399,
0.002649483270943165,
-0.016679205000400543,
-0.028418060392141342,
0.03624726086854935,
0.03781278058886528,
0.04306330159306526,
0.16891330480575562,
-0.04220505431294441,
0.03958381339907646,
0.05403381213545799,
0.06273242831230164,
-0.04158799722790718,
-0.059398919343948364,
-0.09500095248222351,
-0.05389950051903725,
0.011812209151685238,
0.003913087770342827,
0.0939784124493599,
0.06840259581804276,
-0.013342559337615967,
0.005895544774830341,
0.024468347430229187,
-0.09687206149101257,
0.024480145424604416,
-0.02288973703980446,
0.008134204894304276,
0.0246890839189291,
-0.02553199604153633,
0.016195937991142273,
0.017489168792963028,
0.03862487152218819,
-0.24390250444412231,
0.06288856267929077,
0.03575792908668518,
-0.00621739961206913,
0.002833389211446047,
0.03338295593857765,
-0.0012633107835426927,
-0.05173230916261673,
0.028282634913921356,
0.026214564219117165,
-0.011924856342375278,
0.04731723293662071,
0.03655792400240898,
-0.01859222911298275,
0.008491595275700092,
0.02978447452187538,
0.05828328803181648,
0.013016028329730034,
-0.006427135318517685,
-0.03812916949391365,
0.018084527924656868,
-0.02874949388206005,
0.10472673922777176,
0.045131731778383255,
-0.041134752333164215,
0.05179400369524956,
0.032358888536691666,
0.04589565843343735,
-0.030577003955841064,
0.010524571873247623,
-0.04879109561443329,
0.0621250718832016,
0.060666274279356,
-0.03170816972851753,
0.001263223821297288,
-0.06562220305204391,
-0.006237105466425419,
-0.05738269165158272,
-0.01607692800462246,
-0.014569433405995369,
-0.04176372289657593,
-0.04161825403571129,
-0.05742008984088898,
-0.05489116534590721,
0.0331515409052372,
-0.06933663785457611,
-0.04245452955365181,
-0.10742667317390442,
-0.018113313242793083,
-0.019026540219783783,
-0.004912981763482094,
-0.04382697492837906,
0.030365286394953728,
0.01962362974882126,
0.046494755893945694,
0.013740030117332935,
-0.07500190287828445,
-0.01736067794263363,
-0.02566145732998848,
-0.049287471920251846,
0.045867521315813065,
-0.03188502416014671,
-0.020059753209352493,
0.05472354590892792,
0.0036401269026100636
] |
PMID:6692 | Acetylcholinesterase and responses to acetylcholine in the embryonic chicken heart. | Three and 4 day old embryonic chicken hearts were examined for their responsiveness to acetylcholine and presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to determine the role of the enzyme in the cardiac effects of the transmitter. The effects of acetylcholine on rate and contractility of 3 day old hearts were indistinguishable from those on 4 day old hearts. The effects were readily blocked by atropine at both stages of development. In 3 day old hearts the responses to acetylcholine were not affected by the AChE inhibitor physostigmine but in 4 day old hearts they were considerably potentiated. The effect of acetylcholine on the rates of 4 day old hearts is of short duration (5 min or less). In 3 day old hearts it persists for a much longer time. Thus, the appearance of AChE in the embryonic heart of the chicken does not seem to modify the responsiveness of the cholinergic receptor to the transmitter. | Acetylcholinesterase and responses to acetylcholine in the embryonic chicken heart. Three and 4 day old embryonic chicken hearts were examined for their responsiveness to acetylcholine and presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to determine the role of the enzyme in the cardiac effects of the transmitter. The effects of acetylcholine on rate and contractility of 3 day old hearts were indistinguishable from those on 4 day old hearts. The effects were readily blocked by atropine at both stages of development. In 3 day old hearts the responses to acetylcholine were not affected by the AChE inhibitor physostigmine but in 4 day old hearts they were considerably potentiated. The effect of acetylcholine on the rates of 4 day old hearts is of short duration (5 min or less). In 3 day old hearts it persists for a much longer time. Thus, the appearance of AChE in the embryonic heart of the chicken does not seem to modify the responsiveness of the cholinergic receptor to the transmitter. | [
-0.025426311418414116,
-0.015788905322551727,
-0.007973452098667622,
0.07568161189556122,
-0.015680678188800812,
0.007941849529743195,
0.06377685815095901,
0.026925159618258476,
-0.03207846358418465,
-0.033248260617256165,
-0.03470804542303085,
-0.033633798360824585,
-0.010526362806558609,
0.02219468541443348,
-0.05578259006142616,
-0.0008328322437591851,
-0.019691433757543564,
0.004455596208572388,
-0.10292467474937439,
-0.011124067939817905,
-0.014441383071243763,
0.009936654940247536,
0.04058604687452316,
-0.04011883586645126,
-0.00401517516002059,
0.02543809451162815,
-0.030770111829042435,
0.004850784316658974,
-0.0582960769534111,
-0.14396630227565765,
-0.013600852340459824,
-0.013024496845901012,
0.06472133100032806,
-0.0024173762649297714,
0.0018611194100230932,
0.05178607627749443,
0.03001740388572216,
0.017326680943369865,
-0.06486818939447403,
0.0037334284279495478,
0.03070446476340294,
0.04628405719995499,
-0.006609051954001188,
-0.03288429230451584,
-0.0007930647698231041,
-0.0013607708970084786,
-0.02301011234521866,
-0.07001747936010361,
0.08446261286735535,
-0.05402156710624695,
-0.014250058680772781,
0.028814923018217087,
0.046049006283283234,
0.0413520485162735,
0.0007267333567142487,
0.006565629504621029,
0.0023863809183239937,
0.034915387630462646,
0.02609197236597538,
0.012016497552394867,
-0.0016704767476767302,
0.043634794652462006,
-0.12614521384239197,
0.0717211365699768,
-0.018657969310879707,
-0.022762371227145195,
-0.02523859590291977,
0.0043306779116392136,
0.048072513192892075,
0.07461229711771011,
-0.062186334282159805,
0.03515155240893364,
0.03943083435297012,
-0.011833512224256992,
0.029082193970680237,
-0.01383145060390234,
-0.03621000796556473,
0.055958475917577744,
0.09427143633365631,
-0.05657484009861946,
-0.016941962763667107,
-0.03952975943684578,
-0.013585089705884457,
-0.020599916577339172,
-0.0012760699028149247,
0.0409606471657753,
0.038408856838941574,
-0.04933538660407066,
-0.015418832190334797,
0.00014373674639500678,
0.015142134390771389,
-0.057602349668741226,
-0.015235131606459618,
-0.016325458884239197,
-0.006863171700388193,
0.05821515992283821,
0.005352461244910955,
-0.04342934489250183,
-0.11174935102462769,
0.362186998128891,
-0.039597250521183014,
0.05161755159497261,
-0.11250605434179306,
-0.02711600624024868,
-0.013056409545242786,
0.001922712428495288,
-0.009928019717335701,
-0.013440461829304695,
-0.017386825755238533,
0.04934253916144371,
0.023438790813088417,
0.007453057449311018,
-0.00973131787031889,
0.020359719172120094,
-0.015093933790922165,
-0.009278474375605583,
0.024760236963629723,
-0.005587409716099501,
0.06030494347214699,
0.0659227967262268,
0.0025412163231521845,
-0.03701191022992134,
0.034647904336452484,
0.003812558250501752,
0.04196086898446083,
0.016762802377343178,
-0.07774163782596588,
0.12048612534999847,
0.0486299991607666,
-0.037324339151382446,
0.055554747581481934,
0.008057740516960621,
-0.0332755520939827,
0.0016863098135218024,
0.006916381418704987,
-0.007577092386782169,
0.01568594202399254,
-0.01860097236931324,
-0.01138641033321619,
-0.048959676176309586,
-0.046833086758852005,
-0.10905232280492783,
-0.020387014374136925,
-0.05317951366305351,
-0.08966859430074692,
0.10511568933725357,
0.06995916366577148,
0.02228201925754547,
-0.08991356194019318,
0.011241049505770206,
-0.05416791886091232,
0.03439883515238762,
0.02260940708220005,
0.044494617730379105,
-0.019027268514037132,
0.0315709225833416,
-0.001414815429598093,
0.012348436750471592,
0.046229228377342224,
-0.032058246433734894,
-0.049903374165296555,
-0.03816824406385422,
-0.02823706902563572,
0.032780855894088745,
-0.004540545865893364,
0.034906577318906784,
-0.041956182569265366,
0.029043052345514297,
0.009204568341374397,
0.026011303067207336,
0.03695090860128403,
0.0031738076359033585,
0.001110421377234161,
-0.02385321445763111,
-0.03149956837296486,
0.0010722244624048471,
0.06548960506916046,
0.00013686076272279024,
0.02815353497862816,
0.030743131414055824,
0.06616222858428955,
-0.03802517056465149,
0.03496793285012245,
0.015812398865818977,
-0.015264715068042278,
-0.02996228076517582,
-0.011924398131668568,
0.01091024186462164,
-0.012300015427172184,
0.022624291479587555,
0.008394487202167511,
-0.039241984486579895,
-0.0549192801117897,
0.03463143855333328,
-0.0910438746213913,
-0.06866074353456497,
-0.035377759486436844,
0.03225725144147873,
0.0459156297147274,
-0.019800899550318718,
0.07739294320344925,
-0.02711627259850502,
0.014554502442479134,
0.07835541665554047,
-0.009451588615775108,
0.08147989958524704,
0.02850986272096634,
-0.014292692765593529,
0.029829202219843864,
0.003937411587685347,
-0.04083440452814102,
-0.010765338316559792,
0.03285176306962967,
-0.024870481342077255,
-0.06924071907997131,
0.05169108137488365,
-0.024941811338067055,
0.007431613281369209,
0.04860819876194,
0.009674441069364548,
0.02139664627611637,
-0.007895323447883129,
0.014878456480801105,
-0.3130074441432953,
-0.043150726705789566,
0.02277877926826477,
-0.05309385061264038,
0.07283042371273041,
-0.026956167072057724,
0.010587155818939209,
-0.04006054252386093,
0.04357123002409935,
-0.08262860774993896,
-0.012882722541689873,
0.06740183383226395,
-0.01763089746236801,
-0.01035922858864069,
0.027385806664824486,
0.05584535375237465,
0.03648066520690918,
-0.0328298918902874,
-0.01460446510463953,
0.04813693091273308,
0.020358573645353317,
-0.007141569629311562,
-0.05484124645590782,
0.007372444961220026,
0.10079280287027359,
0.018651535734534264,
0.08643922954797745,
-0.014599243178963661,
-0.03595560044050217,
-0.019638666883111,
0.02669321931898594,
0.025963446125388145,
-0.015796298161149025,
-0.08718013763427734,
-0.003063460811972618,
0.01553705707192421,
0.038897834718227386,
0.050970129668712616,
0.007686194498091936,
-0.019348829984664917,
-0.09423314034938812,
0.03500879183411598,
0.02816110849380493,
-0.018724562600255013,
-0.08019065111875534,
-0.0518684908747673,
0.024709362536668777,
-0.04249265417456627,
-0.027918217703700066,
-0.05693565309047699,
0.04813743755221367,
0.0027291704900562763,
-0.018203554674983025,
0.01642780937254429,
0.02599499002099037,
0.003126842435449362,
-0.04312776029109955,
0.04862089082598686,
-0.018323149532079697,
0.019367767497897148,
0.003860446158796549,
0.013826688751578331,
0.015511786565184593,
-0.047055765986442566,
-0.03591933846473694,
-0.006059812847524881,
0.03284876421093941,
-0.0008079174440354109,
-0.009148032404482365,
-0.02258315123617649,
0.010523330420255661,
0.07963328808546066,
-0.050603192299604416,
0.004168173298239708,
0.058008577674627304,
0.0037162411026656628,
-0.0449826754629612,
0.000024097340428852476,
-0.037628717720508575,
0.011153209954500198,
-0.04097321629524231,
-0.052445631474256516,
0.06630044430494308,
-0.014516008086502552,
-0.06104576587677002,
-0.028877027332782745,
0.020253941416740417,
0.009404025040566921,
0.06136612966656685,
-0.02494250051677227,
0.017540043219923973,
0.027221573516726494,
-0.02583366073668003,
-0.042795438319444656,
-0.005389232188463211,
0.004313717130571604,
-0.2441333830356598,
-0.005820244550704956,
0.04553338885307312,
0.02265099436044693,
-0.018574923276901245,
-0.0017967126332223415,
0.017840402200818062,
-0.01547398790717125,
-0.031193053349852562,
0.008342304266989231,
-0.013360287062823772,
-0.002723146229982376,
0.09948465973138809,
0.06602198630571365,
-0.06822033226490021,
0.04476397484540939,
0.04819152131676674,
-0.049864962697029114,
0.023017987608909607,
-0.04665685072541237,
0.02806883305311203,
0.03217441961169243,
0.15897442400455475,
0.065770722925663,
-0.014396742917597294,
0.01757636107504368,
-0.03584485128521919,
-0.008175378665328026,
-0.018122989684343338,
-0.006298981606960297,
0.02900340035557747,
-0.05182212218642235,
0.06723398715257645,
-0.07457152754068375,
0.10672973841428757,
0.022515621036291122,
-0.09224583208560944,
-0.006098983809351921,
-0.10302554816007614,
0.007625602651387453,
-0.018288306891918182,
0.043213628232479095,
-0.04544844105839729,
-0.017525414004921913,
0.03239233419299126,
-0.010286443866789341,
-0.032188136130571365,
-0.014249781146645546,
0.006555899046361446,
0.02292667143046856,
0.006815120577812195,
-0.03248996287584305,
0.050334516912698746,
0.01874171942472458,
0.014567271806299686,
-0.011017387732863426,
-0.035209834575653076,
-0.0020590946078300476,
0.018140431493520737,
0.06294409185647964,
0.0007942043012008071,
-0.0027469052001833916,
0.03410785645246506,
0.11715433746576309,
0.10548703372478485
] |
PMID:6693 | The effect of propranolol on sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated vasa deferentia. | (+/-)-Propranolol hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg(-1) twice daily, subcutaneously, for 3 days or approximately 2.4 mg kg(-1) daily, orally, for 21 days) failed to produce ptosis or to affect responses to transmural stimulation of isolated vasa deferentia removed from treated mice. In guinea-pig isolated vasa deferentia responses to transmural stimulation through parallel electrodes were reduced by propranolol (1 to 20 mug ml(-1); blockade was concentration dependent, fast to equilibrium (45 min), easily reversed by washing but not reversed by (+)-amphetamine sulphate (0.2 mug ml(-1). At lower concentrations (0.04 and 0.2 mug ml(-1), propranolol marginally potentiated responses to transmural stimulation. In contrast, guanethidine (0.2 mug ml(-1)) produced a slow onset blockade which was completely reversed by (+)-amphetamine. The response to electrical stimulation through concentric ring electrodes was reduced by low concentrations of propranolol but this effect is ascribed to the known local anaesthetic actions of propranolol and no evidence of true adrenergic neuron blockade was found. | The effect of propranolol on sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated vasa deferentia. (+/-)-Propranolol hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg(-1) twice daily, subcutaneously, for 3 days or approximately 2.4 mg kg(-1) daily, orally, for 21 days) failed to produce ptosis or to affect responses to transmural stimulation of isolated vasa deferentia removed from treated mice. In guinea-pig isolated vasa deferentia responses to transmural stimulation through parallel electrodes were reduced by propranolol (1 to 20 mug ml(-1); blockade was concentration dependent, fast to equilibrium (45 min), easily reversed by washing but not reversed by (+)-amphetamine sulphate (0.2 mug ml(-1). At lower concentrations (0.04 and 0.2 mug ml(-1), propranolol marginally potentiated responses to transmural stimulation. In contrast, guanethidine (0.2 mug ml(-1)) produced a slow onset blockade which was completely reversed by (+)-amphetamine. The response to electrical stimulation through concentric ring electrodes was reduced by low concentrations of propranolol but this effect is ascribed to the known local anaesthetic actions of propranolol and no evidence of true adrenergic neuron blockade was found. | [
0.00678992597386241,
-0.006138558965176344,
-0.003729915479198098,
0.02789328433573246,
-0.029063668102025986,
0.0202677883207798,
-0.0000030384176170628052,
0.03912791237235069,
-0.02816910482943058,
-0.06910128146409988,
0.018946757540106773,
0.00023966564913280308,
0.020545203238725662,
0.05125754699110985,
-0.012824418023228645,
-0.015147043392062187,
0.03274521231651306,
-0.02462642453610897,
-0.05304322764277458,
-0.024522824212908745,
0.011367450468242168,
-0.02988222986459732,
-0.04698101431131363,
0.035905711352825165,
-0.01445380225777626,
0.004328325856477022,
-0.04187563434243202,
0.024834027513861656,
-0.04147692397236824,
-0.160934716463089,
-0.010870643891394138,
-0.028010934591293335,
0.01453067921102047,
0.008888494223356247,
-0.03098125196993351,
-0.020033597946166992,
-0.021155014634132385,
0.019942335784435272,
0.0003188219852745533,
0.04777618125081062,
0.048743728548288345,
-0.040533941239118576,
0.01347404345870018,
0.018145712092518806,
-0.004809154663234949,
-0.008290514349937439,
-0.07792669534683228,
0.00955495610833168,
0.1376289278268814,
0.01763170398771763,
0.05171661823987961,
0.015019341371953487,
0.021252820268273354,
0.051420919597148895,
0.009424302726984024,
-0.024487480521202087,
-0.028208240866661072,
0.07883055508136749,
0.0028375813271850348,
0.024949204176664352,
-0.02011932246387005,
0.04970025643706322,
-0.1767386794090271,
0.07428008317947388,
0.02147515118122101,
-0.00009573248098604381,
0.0009466923656873405,
0.017216891050338745,
0.062045712023973465,
0.04848955571651459,
-0.016259903088212013,
0.05311288684606552,
0.008073002099990845,
-0.008774174377322197,
0.0009017963311634958,
-0.005051018204540014,
-0.05619735270738602,
-0.00029893548344261944,
-0.025342784821987152,
-0.0013755314284935594,
0.04716118797659874,
0.0163874514400959,
-0.01571507938206196,
-0.03613561764359474,
0.015120096504688263,
-0.06467770785093307,
0.05193278193473816,
-0.015300292521715164,
-0.012035379186272621,
-0.021381186321377754,
-0.04895782843232155,
-0.042770881205797195,
-0.02941272407770157,
-0.01966359093785286,
-0.03183819353580475,
0.016470737755298615,
-0.07591866701841354,
-0.05559208616614342,
-0.03995455056428909,
0.3477519452571869,
-0.004529134836047888,
0.009455733932554722,
-0.07308345288038254,
-0.024607602506875992,
0.03735530376434326,
-0.0036253470461815596,
0.03354134038090706,
-0.030267061665654182,
-0.03204168379306793,
0.09025710821151733,
0.026798980310559273,
-0.017200268805027008,
0.055969513952732086,
-0.031123314052820206,
-0.06064058840274811,
-0.03640111908316612,
0.07745590806007385,
-0.01751759648323059,
0.013430383987724781,
0.008124269545078278,
-0.03203624114394188,
-0.011567989364266396,
0.03228061646223068,
-0.019453715533018112,
0.05461034178733826,
-0.013936740346252918,
-0.036129992455244064,
0.11327836662530899,
0.026461396366357803,
-0.0024760961532592773,
0.08128035068511963,
0.07745673507452011,
-0.030283836647868156,
0.04294721409678459,
0.048393916338682175,
0.021146195009350777,
0.04885169118642807,
-0.03729702904820442,
-0.003626597812399268,
-0.026696588844060898,
0.01116190291941166,
-0.0457785539329052,
0.02993842586874962,
-0.019108127802610397,
-0.03436552360653877,
0.10081800818443298,
0.06806494295597076,
-0.024043628945946693,
-0.03997884318232536,
0.06862502545118332,
-0.0422058030962944,
0.05262492969632149,
-0.0041221012361347675,
0.003455555997788906,
-0.007455084472894669,
0.013057960197329521,
-0.06025854870676994,
0.03826797008514404,
-0.030556321144104004,
-0.03169228509068489,
-0.055003415793180466,
-0.06658441573381424,
-0.03369133546948433,
0.06266926974058151,
0.015658194199204445,
0.0156294833868742,
-0.07930794358253479,
0.029665827751159668,
-0.028410285711288452,
0.013291208073496819,
-0.03653886914253235,
0.012725427746772766,
0.0036551945377141237,
-0.020286303013563156,
-0.05460725724697113,
-0.00431068567559123,
0.04945437237620354,
-0.05189303308725357,
0.060270756483078,
0.037429679185152054,
0.041663385927677155,
-0.009282727725803852,
-0.003553493181243539,
0.0034511368721723557,
-0.022510673850774765,
0.08622729033231735,
-0.057426657527685165,
-0.02919624000787735,
-0.013640865683555603,
0.060150012373924255,
-0.020598366856575012,
-0.054938383400440216,
-0.10030583292245865,
-0.004263668786734343,
0.009376591071486473,
-0.03931992128491402,
-0.015293285250663757,
-0.0004931149887852371,
-0.04748127609491348,
0.021040257066488266,
0.043322112411260605,
0.02627747878432274,
-0.03353222832083702,
0.06880928575992584,
0.014308234676718712,
0.0988299548625946,
0.0021634381264448166,
0.02336333505809307,
0.08746658265590668,
-0.0009637912735342979,
0.040164537727832794,
0.058194391429424286,
0.0925116315484047,
-0.010679514147341251,
-0.07765159010887146,
0.04914706572890282,
-0.014834621921181679,
0.014293525367975235,
0.07597247511148453,
0.0026637311093509197,
0.04821721091866493,
-0.012860424816608429,
0.009889153763651848,
-0.3099273145198822,
-0.06085807457566261,
-0.010212115943431854,
-0.012277988716959953,
0.012726843357086182,
-0.08449829369783401,
0.040320709347724915,
-0.051257818937301636,
0.015515852719545364,
-0.07534664124250412,
0.06134706735610962,
0.0491628497838974,
-0.060327984392642975,
0.01790660060942173,
0.033609986305236816,
0.06657282263040543,
0.054809994995594025,
-0.023382652550935745,
0.0010812716791406274,
-0.05167398601770401,
-0.007333248388022184,
0.0036678288597613573,
-0.006766493432223797,
0.04331536218523979,
0.04290107265114784,
-0.006980098783969879,
0.06688142567873001,
0.007560566067695618,
0.017489148303866386,
-0.027071785181760788,
0.04522881656885147,
0.0034832849632948637,
0.01011214591562748,
-0.12428079545497894,
-0.006332246121019125,
-0.027036121115088463,
0.059010449796915054,
0.03567849472165108,
0.023615943267941475,
0.01264032069593668,
-0.056979771703481674,
0.049597520381212234,
0.0015679732896387577,
0.012568791396915913,
-0.09331546723842621,
0.0005213463446125388,
0.03975866734981537,
0.02793191559612751,
-0.009832591749727726,
0.02391759119927883,
0.054412052035331726,
0.02033538930118084,
-0.016389822587370872,
-0.026448780670762062,
0.0645623430609703,
-0.014639115892350674,
-0.07795578986406326,
-0.03148041293025017,
-0.03702811151742935,
-0.03179735317826271,
0.01005350798368454,
0.0544884093105793,
0.02574586682021618,
-0.016960520297288895,
-0.058319561183452606,
0.028387635946273804,
0.020076515153050423,
0.0309931468218565,
0.09127828478813171,
0.03601137176156044,
0.041221488267183304,
0.0817703828215599,
0.013505751267075539,
-0.011719752103090286,
0.03727761656045914,
-0.009098587557673454,
-0.04345068335533142,
0.020011918619275093,
-0.057165153324604034,
0.006473700050264597,
0.0073531996458768845,
-0.02708541788160801,
0.011647235602140427,
0.0184477549046278,
-0.03098015859723091,
-0.02890678681433201,
-0.006477084942162037,
0.0016926300013437867,
0.07427402585744858,
-0.031583044677972794,
-0.01357494480907917,
0.015290724113583565,
-0.020858971402049065,
-0.02314399927854538,
0.03204584866762161,
0.0374990813434124,
-0.2728588283061981,
-0.05073975399136543,
0.10238144546747208,
-0.029250618070364,
0.01680876687169075,
0.007785604801028967,
0.026157476007938385,
-0.06079961732029915,
-0.06727171689271927,
-0.004225359298288822,
-0.0031357849948108196,
0.04192594438791275,
0.04353489354252815,
0.07399337738752365,
-0.04604329913854599,
0.01947130635380745,
0.031329791992902756,
-0.034217365086078644,
0.023531850427389145,
-0.07463649660348892,
0.015494461171329021,
-0.0033289368730038404,
0.09938646107912064,
-0.0183719415217638,
-0.0315885916352272,
0.03376591578125954,
-0.027964070439338684,
-0.03094465844333172,
-0.011478917673230171,
0.031979888677597046,
-0.09362883865833282,
0.0086728036403656,
0.022076476365327835,
-0.020117470994591713,
0.026417994871735573,
-0.023064423352479935,
-0.06979476660490036,
0.004961857572197914,
0.023338310420513153,
-0.019208788871765137,
-0.04322780296206474,
0.018789349123835564,
-0.040467385202646255,
-0.024621475487947464,
0.07066479325294495,
-0.034271273761987686,
-0.05251436308026314,
-0.04164271056652069,
0.002055494114756584,
0.01938358135521412,
-0.019440025091171265,
-0.03938206657767296,
0.03606133908033371,
0.0807974636554718,
-0.012869974598288536,
-0.047339752316474915,
-0.02168947458267212,
-0.010623051784932613,
0.046123288571834564,
0.008244122378528118,
-0.005891566630452871,
-0.05522117391228676,
-0.051397260278463364,
-0.0022438913583755493,
0.06323332339525223
] |
PMID:6694 | Some effects of urea on drug dissolution. | Solubilities and dissolution rates of salicylic acid have been determined in urea solutions at different pH values. Solubilities increased with pH and urea concentration; a solubilization mechanism was considered to be operating. The solubilization effect of urea was greatest on the non-ionzed moieties of the solute. Dissolution rates of salicylic acid increased with pH and urea concentration. The increase in dissolution rate paralleled increases in solubility. The role of solubilizing effect in the enhancement of dissolution rate by urea is discussed. | Some effects of urea on drug dissolution. Solubilities and dissolution rates of salicylic acid have been determined in urea solutions at different pH values. Solubilities increased with pH and urea concentration; a solubilization mechanism was considered to be operating. The solubilization effect of urea was greatest on the non-ionzed moieties of the solute. Dissolution rates of salicylic acid increased with pH and urea concentration. The increase in dissolution rate paralleled increases in solubility. The role of solubilizing effect in the enhancement of dissolution rate by urea is discussed. | [
-0.041077204048633575,
-0.04352675378322601,
-0.011518550105392933,
-0.0007974449545145035,
-0.004117460455745459,
-0.02127380482852459,
-0.006591890472918749,
0.046854060143232346,
-0.02543308213353157,
-0.02675303816795349,
0.0216970331966877,
-0.014459952712059021,
0.05777181684970856,
0.01588449813425541,
0.01060086116194725,
-0.03389572724699974,
-0.014073275029659271,
-0.006528733763843775,
-0.06825043261051178,
-0.03798163682222366,
0.031297534704208374,
-0.006812790408730507,
0.01873352751135826,
-0.0014099617255851626,
0.033163219690322876,
0.026080362498760223,
-0.026400523260235786,
0.00946369580924511,
-0.0344802662730217,
-0.20380370318889618,
0.06796614825725555,
0.06111783906817436,
0.01089493278414011,
-0.05406951159238815,
-0.045173902064561844,
0.05140756070613861,
-0.037024110555648804,
-0.012111475691199303,
-0.01821892149746418,
0.046667151153087616,
0.07679633796215057,
0.010898835025727749,
-0.0033453013747930527,
0.014851769432425499,
0.01823294721543789,
-0.0396687276661396,
-0.019899461418390274,
0.0178240779787302,
0.1266641616821289,
0.038899410516023636,
0.02589106187224388,
0.007451361510902643,
-0.00796107854694128,
0.004925804678350687,
0.013035191223025322,
-0.04002848267555237,
0.049066875129938126,
0.06308399885892868,
0.020960120484232903,
-0.02205142378807068,
-0.001986216753721237,
0.005153573118150234,
-0.12934687733650208,
0.025417376309633255,
0.03488994017243385,
0.002403307007625699,
0.003535849042236805,
-0.0172325000166893,
0.06189243122935295,
0.0545697920024395,
-0.03719403222203255,
0.06409545242786407,
-0.07789817452430725,
-0.0051371450535953045,
0.0792224183678627,
0.0053216819651424885,
0.007739653345197439,
-0.018533581867814064,
-0.021076060831546783,
0.02794143185019493,
0.03825436532497406,
-0.0034203932154923677,
-0.027676571160554886,
-0.10229786485433578,
0.006410139612853527,
-0.06031041219830513,
0.04582436382770538,
0.03878740221261978,
-0.008761078119277954,
0.030694663524627686,
0.0013505181996151805,
0.03030586615204811,
-0.029088299721479416,
-0.004108900669962168,
-0.010575220920145512,
0.0468645878136158,
-0.08964934945106506,
-0.020711636170744896,
-0.001380184548906982,
0.34126418828964233,
-0.049013569951057434,
0.03611379116773605,
-0.0007892666035331786,
-0.028637388721108437,
0.05395185202360153,
0.003485409775748849,
-0.0023610859643667936,
0.0033943732269108295,
0.005139011889696121,
-0.006057969760149717,
0.04655563458800316,
0.005739239044487476,
-0.0220259428024292,
-0.01806294545531273,
-0.017282770946621895,
0.07357551902532578,
-0.0011392581509426236,
0.013427488505840302,
0.005330173764377832,
-0.07395022362470627,
-0.03703427314758301,
0.014703699387609959,
0.028677480295300484,
0.0038571348413825035,
-0.040214017033576965,
-0.017823919653892517,
-0.008901352062821388,
0.0867624282836914,
0.0156326275318861,
-0.019331209361553192,
0.01591307483613491,
-0.07382068783044815,
0.022676939144730568,
-0.03785502165555954,
-0.06276015192270279,
-0.04128478839993477,
0.021398067474365234,
-0.06226719543337822,
0.06032881513237953,
0.03858504071831703,
-0.0643235370516777,
-0.06191374734044075,
-0.053467437624931335,
-0.0713396891951561,
-0.06411749869585037,
0.14100445806980133,
0.054188139736652374,
-0.00005383145253290422,
-0.015006324276328087,
0.003518893616273999,
-0.06888546794652939,
0.07463386654853821,
-0.06367053836584091,
0.024089286103844643,
-0.011920109391212463,
0.01305398065596819,
0.015818417072296143,
-0.020644988864660263,
0.03431075066328049,
-0.005025745369493961,
-0.029962560161948204,
-0.06604792922735214,
-0.017959678545594215,
0.12361346930265427,
-0.03604229539632797,
-0.006659429520368576,
0.017719246447086334,
0.0073044756427407265,
0.01696832664310932,
0.03442319110035896,
-0.006443701684474945,
-0.007023923099040985,
-0.034762654453516006,
-0.05145421624183655,
-0.007938269525766373,
0.016945771872997284,
0.03144511952996254,
-0.04623708501458168,
0.0007984343101270497,
-0.032177407294511795,
0.0551641471683979,
0.0881374180316925,
0.0026750832330435514,
0.05438632145524025,
0.04194553941488266,
-0.0256365817040205,
-0.0673426017165184,
0.059040553867816925,
-0.01006025355309248,
0.021315788850188255,
-0.06227762624621391,
-0.012491937726736069,
-0.10057561844587326,
0.03305744007229805,
0.008835841901600361,
0.07161631435155869,
-0.04724019765853882,
-0.015601838007569313,
-0.06237473711371422,
0.06453189253807068,
0.05180082842707634,
0.06491962820291519,
-0.020023297518491745,
0.01072379108518362,
0.05146395415067673,
0.05537332966923714,
0.01122997049242258,
0.051236044615507126,
-0.026472782716155052,
0.019219985231757164,
0.0005919863469898701,
0.04338081553578377,
-0.029754366725683212,
0.020595557987689972,
-0.05355009064078331,
0.037683747708797455,
0.0700259655714035,
0.006345231086015701,
0.04745092988014221,
-0.006255443207919598,
0.098874032497406,
-0.046417273581027985,
-0.034802574664354324,
-0.28378087282180786,
0.02505088411271572,
0.01920551434159279,
-0.05879104509949684,
0.08383496105670929,
-0.08449425548315048,
0.004036304075270891,
-0.012442591600120068,
0.023837756365537643,
-0.04483157768845558,
0.07401304692029953,
0.03241708129644394,
0.05568435788154602,
-0.012791935354471207,
0.05028093606233597,
-0.061054032295942307,
-0.0008678127196617424,
0.03927033767104149,
0.052792809903621674,
0.004817545879632235,
0.02278256230056286,
-0.057798128575086594,
0.03097308799624443,
-0.03562626615166664,
0.029625076800584793,
0.03148005157709122,
0.05233241617679596,
-0.05978487804532051,
-0.044265568256378174,
0.015043627470731735,
0.05578560382127762,
0.00506703881546855,
-0.05390268936753273,
-0.12713837623596191,
-0.024556253105401993,
-0.0008006040006875992,
-0.01770973391830921,
-0.06871479749679565,
-0.054142698645591736,
-0.027736054733395576,
-0.04112197086215019,
-0.008154652081429958,
0.05385587364435196,
-0.005600300617516041,
-0.014096013270318508,
0.03828221186995506,
-0.012551674619317055,
0.05172998830676079,
0.016086502000689507,
0.04904498904943466,
0.0308147594332695,
0.019588397815823555,
0.011346225626766682,
0.005451202392578125,
0.06323546171188354,
-0.038439955562353134,
-0.003943099174648523,
0.010642699897289276,
-0.05957547202706337,
-0.013097618706524372,
-0.04786725342273712,
0.02351919747889042,
0.05805537849664688,
0.010279402136802673,
-0.008024792186915874,
0.02286124788224697,
-0.040627505630254745,
-0.0030233992729336023,
0.04298650100827217,
0.012745564803481102,
0.0008874148479662836,
0.1435299515724182,
-0.04781064763665199,
0.04113306477665901,
0.002411930589005351,
0.020124832168221474,
-0.04057527706027031,
-0.03909655660390854,
-0.0239198487251997,
-0.04794809967279434,
-0.06871999055147171,
-0.011455191299319267,
0.043533988296985626,
-0.027418367564678192,
0.0076133012771606445,
0.019146034494042397,
-0.020095955580472946,
-0.00011769288539653644,
-0.028319813311100006,
0.01926037296652794,
-0.006712581496685743,
0.0032138966489583254,
0.009948973543941975,
0.025460107252001762,
0.03347492963075638,
0.025658413767814636,
-0.2805544435977936,
0.02255968376994133,
0.029563477262854576,
-0.033802878111600876,
0.028967930004000664,
0.00014788706903345883,
0.05319998785853386,
0.014451844617724419,
-0.022865764796733856,
-0.032451290637254715,
0.019196754321455956,
0.007927265018224716,
-0.04468507319688797,
0.012391007505357265,
0.006995380390435457,
-0.014638922177255154,
0.06478682160377502,
-0.07121974974870682,
0.047108978033065796,
-0.029892608523368835,
0.03938084840774536,
0.017583969980478287,
0.14454220235347748,
-0.00956724863499403,
-0.016026007011532784,
0.0087840361520648,
0.03615737333893776,
0.009417768567800522,
-0.04030992090702057,
0.00017901758837979287,
-0.034479666501283646,
0.04409497231245041,
-0.01467017363756895,
0.004425778053700924,
0.02636205032467842,
0.08747074753046036,
-0.02090410143136978,
-0.01583779603242874,
-0.03392600640654564,
0.04100162908434868,
0.012952287681400776,
-0.04447096213698387,
-0.05700299143791199,
-0.029121333733201027,
0.051585324108600616,
-0.09063313156366348,
-0.024726778268814087,
-0.08703763782978058,
0.0095082251355052,
-0.02390095219016075,
0.012797840870916843,
-0.0743456706404686,
0.01990801841020584,
0.027377542108297348,
0.025362662971019745,
-0.040312279015779495,
-0.012829627841711044,
-0.009058103896677494,
-0.006791861727833748,
0.013346677646040916,
0.01980484463274479,
-0.05693837255239487,
0.006117630749940872,
-0.015901993960142136,
0.04348577558994293
] |
PMID:6695 | Solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone by long-chain polyoxyethylene surfactants. | Solubility and dialysis methods were used to study the solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone in aqueous long-chain polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant solutions. Partition coefficients, Km, between micellar and aqueous phases were calculated between 10-50 degrees. Km decreased with temperature and polyoxyethylene chain length but increased with decrease in steroid polarity. The standard free energy change, deltaGOS, for the solubilization of the steroids decreased with decrease in steroid polarity and surfactant hydrophilic chain length but was essentially independent of temperature. The enthalpies and entropies for the process were determined from the variation of Km with temperature. deltaHOS and deltaSOS increased with decreasing steroid polarity but were essentially independent of temperature and polyoxyethylene chain length. | Solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone by long-chain polyoxyethylene surfactants. Solubility and dialysis methods were used to study the solubilization of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone in aqueous long-chain polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant solutions. Partition coefficients, Km, between micellar and aqueous phases were calculated between 10-50 degrees. Km decreased with temperature and polyoxyethylene chain length but increased with decrease in steroid polarity. The standard free energy change, deltaGOS, for the solubilization of the steroids decreased with decrease in steroid polarity and surfactant hydrophilic chain length but was essentially independent of temperature. The enthalpies and entropies for the process were determined from the variation of Km with temperature. deltaHOS and deltaSOS increased with decreasing steroid polarity but were essentially independent of temperature and polyoxyethylene chain length. | [
-0.019279101863503456,
-0.002027898794040084,
-0.016522081568837166,
0.016972526907920837,
0.008383667096495628,
-0.0044128792360424995,
-0.0006758011295460165,
0.004032413475215435,
-0.040792226791381836,
-0.041264791041612625,
-0.04195393621921539,
-0.021285345777869225,
0.06134616583585739,
-0.0265214741230011,
0.006699636112898588,
0.05510706827044487,
0.0737689733505249,
-0.005082782357931137,
-0.06862811744213104,
0.045879289507865906,
0.06596323847770691,
-0.04795174300670624,
-0.018740836530923843,
0.010765901766717434,
0.041502177715301514,
0.02542785555124283,
-0.0012014340609312057,
-0.01775404065847397,
-0.02819122187793255,
-0.20318914949893951,
0.04466744884848595,
-0.009460442699491978,
0.01356848981231451,
-0.01568860188126564,
-0.014583165757358074,
0.0007689179037697613,
-0.003880472853779793,
-0.04696572571992874,
0.007130367681384087,
0.10261352360248566,
0.05970925837755203,
0.01723383367061615,
-0.049189817160367966,
0.05767495185136795,
-0.00686422735452652,
0.0201015155762434,
-0.059348151087760925,
0.02941570058465004,
0.1266023963689804,
-0.017426075413823128,
0.01473555713891983,
0.00974151398986578,
-0.029424073174595833,
0.021594930440187454,
0.011679739691317081,
0.00164967798627913,
-0.015819065272808075,
0.04135642573237419,
0.011642825789749622,
0.06994503736495972,
-0.015024417079985142,
0.06705465912818909,
-0.13339143991470337,
0.08201950788497925,
0.029988884925842285,
0.027521230280399323,
-0.015846306458115578,
0.016920290887355804,
0.011063908226788044,
0.02472676709294319,
-0.015584476292133331,
0.07356613874435425,
-0.013383369892835617,
-0.005647759884595871,
0.03875024616718292,
0.046465832740068436,
-0.03066190704703331,
-0.04846186563372612,
-0.005212006624788046,
0.02941601537168026,
-0.00319058820605278,
-0.018452409654855728,
-0.00916648656129837,
-0.03833216056227684,
-0.018649719655513763,
0.034368254244327545,
-0.03439708426594734,
-0.027148950845003128,
0.009136401116847992,
0.004006148781627417,
0.007230565417557955,
0.022439701482653618,
-0.054870497435331345,
0.027867164462804794,
-0.015434175729751587,
0.042359910905361176,
-0.016108078882098198,
-0.0166414026170969,
0.02667957730591297,
0.37587571144104004,
-0.06335662305355072,
0.06653621792793274,
-0.015424604527652264,
-0.04576873406767845,
-0.021515581756830215,
0.03734892979264259,
-0.0363018624484539,
-0.05139176920056343,
0.007464601192623377,
0.02444269135594368,
-0.017989179119467735,
-0.00847621913999319,
0.019255531951785088,
-0.07120315730571747,
-0.09312958270311356,
-0.050004638731479645,
0.0016584387049078941,
-0.0314885675907135,
-0.045667245984077454,
-0.006917663849890232,
-0.04390324279665947,
0.037662796676158905,
0.0450693778693676,
0.013742759823799133,
0.013073433190584183,
0.00911622028797865,
0.007812307216227055,
0.08746520429849625,
0.027619030326604843,
0.029200099408626556,
0.023237278684973717,
0.05552252009510994,
-0.088638074696064,
-0.0022439826279878616,
-0.009442337788641453,
-0.020477285608649254,
0.040171485394239426,
-0.0452582947909832,
-0.010901679284870625,
0.04762048274278641,
-0.02612854540348053,
-0.05912882089614868,
-0.009840921498835087,
-0.09062967449426651,
0.008245941251516342,
0.10398805886507034,
0.02337805926799774,
-0.006882563699036837,
-0.00245600170455873,
0.02810884267091751,
-0.01065135095268488,
0.10133933275938034,
-0.05943119153380394,
0.02704480104148388,
-0.001944085001014173,
-0.03411734104156494,
-0.006832948420196772,
-0.043476272374391556,
-0.024841174483299255,
-0.007476110942661762,
-0.04483884200453758,
0.022958477959036827,
0.00800259131938219,
0.07087734341621399,
0.0110024930909276,
-0.07743791490793228,
0.016936790198087692,
-0.005931660998612642,
0.0271232258528471,
-0.008156818337738514,
0.07408284395933151,
-0.018487058579921722,
-0.02248714677989483,
-0.03387060761451721,
-0.009535727091133595,
0.02181534841656685,
0.03093106672167778,
-0.017427489161491394,
0.03028865158557892,
-0.032145239412784576,
0.00790350791066885,
-0.024804523214697838,
-0.009106376208364964,
-0.0017436956986784935,
0.04916497692465782,
0.0012296137865632772,
-0.03252679109573364,
-0.006799984723329544,
-0.020294388756155968,
0.03568555414676666,
-0.05083058774471283,
-0.032485175877809525,
-0.040715016424655914,
0.016625501215457916,
-0.0174760352820158,
-0.020473472774028778,
-0.09035006165504456,
0.024532847106456757,
-0.00041588430758565664,
-0.011328647844493389,
0.11823546141386032,
-0.0073146275244653225,
0.04276466369628906,
0.05188898742198944,
0.03101666085422039,
0.0789366140961647,
0.07376144826412201,
0.0052750674076378345,
0.034247685223817825,
0.011996155604720116,
-0.03278583288192749,
0.015371900051832199,
-0.025526685640215874,
0.0063363779336214066,
-0.03650224581360817,
0.08894864469766617,
0.05308622866868973,
-0.02449914999306202,
0.05555608123540878,
0.0036379711236804724,
0.0641481950879097,
-0.010145409032702446,
-0.04113173484802246,
-0.3150056302547455,
-0.01721104420721531,
-0.01563665084540844,
-0.040839605033397675,
0.09129748493432999,
-0.07666177302598953,
0.0030106855556368828,
-0.03911236673593521,
0.008174660615622997,
-0.03719154745340347,
0.07822398096323013,
0.06192754581570625,
-0.05044715479016304,
-0.025204403325915337,
-0.04339659586548805,
-0.0169793963432312,
0.0936056599020958,
0.030667439103126526,
0.025411855429410934,
0.02136971801519394,
-0.06858008354902267,
-0.031219637021422386,
0.004024292342364788,
0.04000413417816162,
0.07902877777814865,
-0.01863575167953968,
0.09528598189353943,
0.001962672220543027,
-0.06181730329990387,
0.005387614481151104,
0.035957276821136475,
0.0011041249381378293,
0.016170311719179153,
-0.09723139554262161,
0.01491521019488573,
-0.05971759930253029,
0.03756822273135185,
-0.016957856714725494,
0.016327552497386932,
0.0037076182197779417,
-0.042981863021850586,
0.020058276131749153,
0.018674420192837715,
-0.06621891260147095,
-0.0718328133225441,
-0.02385796792805195,
-0.012153788469731808,
0.04625110700726509,
-0.0202984269708395,
-0.009721571579575539,
0.0623919740319252,
-0.00266463216394186,
0.04870518669486046,
-0.02444671094417572,
0.015663398429751396,
0.003315499285236001,
-0.00484073581174016,
-0.024058114737272263,
-0.0627216175198555,
-0.021149223670363426,
-0.0302723441272974,
-0.014040951617062092,
0.019887402653694153,
0.01359677966684103,
-0.0024507883936166763,
-0.022190121933817863,
0.01610243320465088,
-0.007621634751558304,
0.028297455981373787,
-0.008394553326070309,
-0.005239216610789299,
0.09449502825737,
-0.0315285250544548,
0.025990359485149384,
-0.008542761206626892,
0.0345679372549057,
-0.03176067769527435,
-0.03416617587208748,
-0.08036621659994125,
0.026744240894913673,
-0.01470928080379963,
0.021260997280478477,
0.07273611426353455,
-0.0024756963830441236,
-0.015883659943938255,
0.022084783762693405,
-0.044758591800928116,
-0.05135417357087135,
-0.018257440999150276,
0.05847029760479927,
0.029537342488765717,
0.007454844657331705,
-0.04155859351158142,
-0.004055866971611977,
0.01399039477109909,
0.039003994315862656,
-0.3097415268421173,
-0.011667454615235329,
0.03897871449589729,
0.04044355824589729,
-0.05263737589120865,
0.023670773953199387,
0.031197424978017807,
-0.018444372341036797,
-0.05766885355114937,
0.04398411512374878,
-0.03993227332830429,
0.047019410878419876,
0.012714642100036144,
0.0013385690981522202,
-0.015259857289493084,
-0.04134325683116913,
0.02031656913459301,
-0.03244411200284958,
0.0186893530189991,
-0.040334269404411316,
0.06726186722517014,
-0.03197908028960228,
0.11034118384122849,
0.01284698210656643,
-0.04573100060224533,
0.03262396529316902,
0.031125830486416817,
0.03946194797754288,
-0.021442661061882973,
0.004761823918670416,
-0.029669921845197678,
0.0390932634472847,
0.03559556230902672,
-0.00009011507063405588,
-0.010888751596212387,
0.058389317244291306,
-0.005144353955984116,
0.033572208136320114,
0.03076835907995701,
0.03045552410185337,
0.021672876551747322,
-0.04964062198996544,
-0.05521664023399353,
-0.0004395378055050969,
0.06213689595460892,
-0.08153605461120605,
-0.02745787985622883,
-0.0483277402818203,
-0.006446022540330887,
-0.011074993759393692,
-0.05569393187761307,
-0.0030720459762960672,
0.03201819956302643,
0.05344770848751068,
-0.019171545282006264,
0.018361570313572884,
-0.027979156002402306,
-0.0195365771651268,
-0.03016483224928379,
-0.02392968349158764,
-0.008545229211449623,
-0.04383872449398041,
-0.04223015159368515,
0.0450928695499897,
0.01852310635149479
] |
PMID:6696 | Influence of non-ionic surfactants on permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membrane. | The lag-time method of diffusion has been used to investigate permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membranes between 10 degrees and 40 degrees. The process depended mainly on membrane-water partition coefficients of the steroids so that the least polar compound permeated the fastest. Permeation generally increased with increasing temperature and from the temperature dependance of the diffusion coefficient, energies of activation were derived. The varied from 2.4 kcal mol(-1) for the least polar steroid, progesterone, to 7.4 kcal mol(-1) for the most polar, hydrocortisone. n-C16 Polyoxyethylene surfactants when present below and above the cmc increased the steroids permeation rates. Varying the polyoxyethylene chain length (OE equals 17-63) did not significantly affect permeation rates, suggesting that the enhancing effect of surfactants arises from their hydrophobic group. | Influence of non-ionic surfactants on permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membrane. The lag-time method of diffusion has been used to investigate permeation of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and progesterone across cellulose acetate membranes between 10 degrees and 40 degrees. The process depended mainly on membrane-water partition coefficients of the steroids so that the least polar compound permeated the fastest. Permeation generally increased with increasing temperature and from the temperature dependance of the diffusion coefficient, energies of activation were derived. The varied from 2.4 kcal mol(-1) for the least polar steroid, progesterone, to 7.4 kcal mol(-1) for the most polar, hydrocortisone. n-C16 Polyoxyethylene surfactants when present below and above the cmc increased the steroids permeation rates. Varying the polyoxyethylene chain length (OE equals 17-63) did not significantly affect permeation rates, suggesting that the enhancing effect of surfactants arises from their hydrophobic group. | [
-0.03202676400542259,
-0.009304093196988106,
-0.02898961305618286,
0.015188949182629585,
0.017727619037032127,
0.0022466026712208986,
0.04394010826945305,
-0.007226955611258745,
-0.0243638064712286,
-0.047144584357738495,
-0.008238248527050018,
-0.01607072353363037,
0.049888987094163895,
-0.018361737951636314,
0.026934487745165825,
0.04189338535070419,
0.03390709310770035,
-0.01038267556577921,
-0.08007114380598068,
0.05715275928378105,
0.033029112964868546,
-0.0164480097591877,
0.0004983049584552646,
-0.024155985563993454,
0.00007733397796982899,
0.0014941925182938576,
-0.0185038223862648,
0.04226204752922058,
-0.07275455445051193,
-0.20844297111034393,
-0.006836171727627516,
-0.014322617091238499,
0.0023593741934746504,
-0.01283654011785984,
-0.0393197126686573,
0.017559878528118134,
0.038307975977659225,
-0.04656172916293144,
0.021460650488734245,
0.09514046460390091,
0.017678124830126762,
0.028765976428985596,
-0.04595443606376648,
0.06199612468481064,
-0.02730703167617321,
0.03284339979290962,
-0.04286036267876625,
0.011225064285099506,
0.08906836062669754,
-0.039239976555109024,
0.050275497138500214,
0.006970339920371771,
-0.00862724706530571,
0.01650257036089897,
0.01995133049786091,
-0.011927055194973946,
-0.014260399155318737,
0.02847636491060257,
-0.011299201287329197,
0.06771659106016159,
0.023351803421974182,
0.04495631903409958,
-0.14770330488681793,
0.08913283795118332,
0.04722285270690918,
0.0006017027772031724,
-0.005695420317351818,
0.003536685137078166,
0.029277127236127853,
0.062139030545949936,
-0.044964663684368134,
0.08922818303108215,
-0.03914697468280792,
-0.018298977985978127,
0.04960206151008606,
0.034544557332992554,
-0.0340471975505352,
-0.05183567479252815,
0.01662370376288891,
0.004288085270673037,
-0.017490994185209274,
0.003066744888201356,
-0.01587233878672123,
-0.034770093858242035,
-0.039316464215517044,
0.008024266920983791,
-0.02281290479004383,
-0.044922761619091034,
0.016720952466130257,
0.03860202804207802,
-0.017302559688687325,
0.006347903050482273,
-0.08761762082576752,
0.05420403555035591,
-0.04972246289253235,
0.009064868092536926,
0.012253702618181705,
-0.025933241471648216,
0.014362826012074947,
0.3788989782333374,
-0.060995228588581085,
0.05552762374281883,
-0.03822338581085205,
0.0018625699449330568,
-0.008033704943954945,
-0.017060497775673866,
-0.003145553171634674,
-0.05469270423054695,
-0.014072154648602009,
0.012401048094034195,
0.01784038171172142,
-0.03313331678509712,
0.015457025729119778,
-0.03889754042029381,
-0.052720461040735245,
-0.02403179183602333,
0.031056556850671768,
-0.04011549428105354,
-0.035991135984659195,
-0.004054822959005833,
-0.05964389443397522,
-0.00930451974272728,
0.06478512287139893,
0.0068031614646315575,
0.02193364128470421,
-0.0023603872396051884,
0.0008010860765352845,
0.09581418335437775,
0.018725082278251648,
0.017828363925218582,
0.03730746731162071,
0.07649105787277222,
-0.04724746569991112,
0.02335984818637371,
0.0006880405708216131,
-0.024126069620251656,
0.03205784037709236,
-0.034765295684337616,
-0.0029989315662533045,
0.0010717674158513546,
-0.018327098339796066,
-0.026465116068720818,
-0.0348907969892025,
-0.0864264965057373,
-0.019000506028532982,
0.13715089857578278,
0.018528994172811508,
-0.019528614357113838,
-0.016562912613153458,
0.00811811350286007,
0.021628765389323235,
0.07864395529031754,
-0.025567300617694855,
0.04240422695875168,
-0.028129396960139275,
-0.0770634189248085,
-0.010154304094612598,
-0.06751466542482376,
0.00008094809163594618,
0.010905536822974682,
-0.04136117920279503,
0.05784650146961212,
-0.000881921558175236,
0.0917779877781868,
0.036511246114969254,
-0.05556107684969902,
0.024653548374772072,
0.005938367452472448,
0.0016906564123928547,
-0.0040295543149113655,
0.026166439056396484,
0.006725164130330086,
-0.04634598642587662,
-0.03729170933365822,
-0.021473972126841545,
0.03588556498289108,
0.009506252594292164,
-0.02336905524134636,
0.024469245225191116,
-0.05118957534432411,
0.019894985482096672,
0.011877343989908695,
-0.016115721315145493,
-0.005777367390692234,
0.030640816316008568,
0.0076462747529149055,
-0.024791782721877098,
-0.007849084213376045,
-0.009022432379424572,
0.026896685361862183,
-0.06056787073612213,
-0.02468237467110157,
-0.04907512292265892,
0.04345333203673363,
-0.02223077043890953,
-0.06206422299146652,
-0.06292695552110672,
-0.0051595899276435375,
-0.03164668753743172,
-0.0495036281645298,
0.0993204265832901,
-0.004282441921532154,
0.024360187351703644,
0.03465056046843529,
0.037524618208408356,
0.08575829863548279,
0.07125086337327957,
-0.011302807368338108,
0.04740511626005173,
0.021591421216726303,
-0.038757193833589554,
-0.0012883744202554226,
0.007452512625604868,
-0.021344659850001335,
-0.039030466228723526,
0.07340618222951889,
0.04286401718854904,
-0.003437436418607831,
0.092641182243824,
-0.019169384613633156,
0.053826700896024704,
0.009222936816513538,
-0.02195744961500168,
-0.3185308277606964,
-0.027612678706645966,
-0.012301401235163212,
0.014652952551841736,
0.10859081149101257,
-0.07244770973920822,
-0.02010618895292282,
-0.048463206738233566,
0.012729540467262268,
-0.05181240290403366,
0.07303556054830551,
0.04949795827269554,
-0.04748573899269104,
0.0026525482535362244,
0.013352302834391594,
-0.03786737099289894,
0.06493804603815079,
0.013023165054619312,
0.06873486191034317,
0.025408852845430374,
-0.03040524199604988,
-0.03638360649347305,
0.002429470419883728,
0.0574503093957901,
0.0983339250087738,
-0.050369154661893845,
0.08267002552747726,
0.007315249647945166,
-0.05526226758956909,
0.008017617277801037,
0.0673052966594696,
0.01609458401799202,
0.026790980249643326,
-0.08945847302675247,
-0.00802339892834425,
-0.06584979593753815,
0.07349663227796555,
-0.00445654708892107,
0.026393989101052284,
-0.03340369462966919,
-0.04188378527760506,
0.036965131759643555,
0.035670384764671326,
-0.06178361549973488,
-0.06845963001251221,
-0.03524737060070038,
-0.01403102744370699,
0.02774711698293686,
-0.04604728892445564,
-0.018047168850898743,
0.06589782983064651,
-0.02232162281870842,
0.09406372904777527,
-0.03757245093584061,
0.010469067841768265,
-0.0026079227682203054,
0.004206083249300718,
0.003596253925934434,
-0.05734995752573013,
0.010312963277101517,
-0.05645690858364105,
-0.045633576810359955,
0.030713191255927086,
-0.0031387298367917538,
-0.026905065402388573,
-0.012291839346289635,
-0.015374191105365753,
0.003987436182796955,
0.0349954329431057,
0.017554081976413727,
0.01591583900153637,
0.09999862313270569,
-0.038077544420957565,
0.004970636684447527,
0.003284416627138853,
0.017824804410338402,
-0.034135591238737106,
-0.04780450835824013,
-0.07075391709804535,
-0.005227940157055855,
-0.001682618516497314,
0.0024102628231048584,
0.068620964884758,
-0.044573914259672165,
0.022070711478590965,
0.0025822727475315332,
-0.03972778469324112,
-0.07560832798480988,
-0.000027763946491177194,
0.024182554334402084,
0.01738075539469719,
-0.012168721295893192,
-0.06385957449674606,
-0.019545048475265503,
0.014954844489693642,
-0.006993389222770929,
-0.28122735023498535,
-0.031580712646245956,
0.0574064739048481,
0.04037702456116676,
-0.05309033766388893,
0.02070169523358345,
0.0316908061504364,
-0.018153615295886993,
-0.026979438960552216,
0.05494600534439087,
-0.027959268540143967,
0.05795031040906906,
0.05945288762450218,
0.021242687478661537,
-0.014802833087742329,
-0.021337639540433884,
-0.00842166505753994,
0.007605272810906172,
-0.004477742128074169,
-0.02478450909256935,
0.05582834407687187,
-0.018086783587932587,
0.11086861789226532,
-0.004413863644003868,
-0.0525205060839653,
0.02605099231004715,
0.04040863737463951,
0.03746047988533974,
0.016866067424416542,
0.010535109788179398,
-0.005229794420301914,
0.046150870621204376,
0.05025670677423477,
0.03630850836634636,
-0.007670301012694836,
0.032854050397872925,
-0.01855246163904667,
0.02553587593138218,
0.009809315204620361,
-0.01183511782437563,
0.065605528652668,
-0.0569705069065094,
-0.027215203270316124,
0.04037393257021904,
0.025133857503533363,
-0.04983258619904518,
-0.015714498236775398,
-0.036429379135370255,
0.0037398573476821184,
-0.0020218442659825087,
-0.014670860022306442,
0.0029803949873894453,
0.03731624409556389,
0.041606318205595016,
0.01709507778286934,
0.021344607695937157,
-0.016056213527917862,
-0.03184528276324272,
-0.033516161143779755,
-0.010313926264643669,
-0.003039834089577198,
-0.04144112020730972,
-0.05251577869057655,
0.004607876297086477,
0.028743723407387733
] |
PMID:6697 | Oxytetracyline tablet formulations: effect of variations in binder concentration and volume on granule and tablet properties. | Formulation studies have been conducted on an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation containing microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid, wet granulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. A range of granule properties including size, strength packing and porosity, and tablet properties including breaking load, porosity, disintegration and dissolution have been measured. Increased compaction pressure decreased tablet porosity. The reproducibility of the above properties was determined by tests on nine standard batches of granules and tablets. An increased concentration of PVP in the binder solution decreased the rate of tablet dissolution. Although the volume of granulating solution apparently controlled the granule size, it did not significantly alter the tablet dissolution, when the amount of PVP was constant. | Oxytetracyline tablet formulations: effect of variations in binder concentration and volume on granule and tablet properties. Formulation studies have been conducted on an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation containing microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid, wet granulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. A range of granule properties including size, strength packing and porosity, and tablet properties including breaking load, porosity, disintegration and dissolution have been measured. Increased compaction pressure decreased tablet porosity. The reproducibility of the above properties was determined by tests on nine standard batches of granules and tablets. An increased concentration of PVP in the binder solution decreased the rate of tablet dissolution. Although the volume of granulating solution apparently controlled the granule size, it did not significantly alter the tablet dissolution, when the amount of PVP was constant. | [
-0.05830411985516548,
0.0050505381077528,
0.07937559485435486,
-0.07622411847114563,
-0.02044825255870819,
0.01915779523551464,
0.03605545684695244,
-0.0037114450242370367,
-0.025699453428387642,
0.003976302221417427,
-0.02884962037205696,
-0.025889279320836067,
0.06486104428768158,
0.007690716534852982,
-0.010347914882004261,
-0.022322027012705803,
0.02370123192667961,
-0.04262884333729744,
-0.02616138570010662,
0.044468965381383896,
0.04273153096437454,
0.000814304337836802,
-0.02677193470299244,
-0.044213417917490005,
0.041209202259778976,
0.02689785324037075,
-0.02035709097981453,
-0.013484152965247631,
-0.07768936455249786,
-0.24640026688575745,
-0.025179680436849594,
0.04320705682039261,
-0.03889751434326172,
-0.017198404297232628,
-0.026811588555574417,
0.051799822598695755,
-0.016160110011696815,
0.04252452403306961,
-0.027795841917395592,
-0.0012644964735955,
0.041460294276475906,
0.03958934172987938,
-0.04392904043197632,
0.03833536431193352,
0.0059297699481248856,
-0.023770203813910484,
-0.021945416927337646,
0.033764321357011795,
0.09730660915374756,
-0.0011595834512263536,
0.08698808401823044,
0.00010915525490418077,
0.022914325818419456,
0.00692715123295784,
-0.029819559305906296,
-0.04826173186302185,
0.026350222527980804,
0.07421930879354477,
0.039000947028398514,
-0.006217038258910179,
-0.01161247119307518,
0.01664087176322937,
-0.14729464054107666,
0.0762379914522171,
0.08369925618171692,
0.009974407963454723,
-0.045950748026371,
-0.02339828573167324,
0.03238556534051895,
0.06982003897428513,
-0.014592716470360756,
0.030121495947241783,
-0.015648765489459038,
0.057695794850587845,
-0.006404956337064505,
0.023049481213092804,
0.010343958623707294,
0.005934282671660185,
-0.029556680470705032,
0.017217235639691353,
0.014260162599384785,
0.049196429550647736,
-0.0185155738145113,
-0.07149656116962433,
-0.0467536523938179,
-0.043618712574243546,
0.0026916456408798695,
-0.012805224396288395,
0.03159938380122185,
0.026638515293598175,
0.012085040099918842,
0.017593998461961746,
-0.026506010442972183,
-0.016397399827837944,
-0.0996905267238617,
-0.004853185266256332,
-0.0372154638171196,
-0.01874949410557747,
0.011674083769321442,
0.36085793375968933,
-0.01214019674807787,
-0.009180834516882896,
0.009849430061876774,
-0.02877943590283394,
-0.006090949289500713,
-0.04983728379011154,
0.020873378962278366,
-0.01800665631890297,
-0.030005590990185738,
0.04592303931713104,
0.003923389595001936,
0.016992077231407166,
0.007037784438580275,
0.01057052705436945,
-0.02152368798851967,
-0.013697327114641666,
-0.004817667417228222,
-0.0022470690310001373,
-0.03602687269449234,
-0.00846854317933321,
-0.06302067637443542,
0.009329190477728844,
0.0045839701779186726,
0.0000913951444090344,
0.044979095458984375,
-0.007129273377358913,
-0.005151352379471064,
0.05349059775471687,
-0.02154950425028801,
0.012059829197824001,
-0.007297043688595295,
0.017224827781319618,
0.011708561331033707,
0.004283448215574026,
0.014133911579847336,
-0.034057799726724625,
0.030170805752277374,
-0.03638363257050514,
0.03651202842593193,
0.038082994520664215,
-0.03949875757098198,
-0.006384176202118397,
-0.0021893868688493967,
-0.05588701367378235,
-0.06530580669641495,
0.10727154463529587,
0.01938079111278057,
0.006456686649471521,
0.014518966898322105,
0.005805588327348232,
0.012689017690718174,
0.07613717019557953,
-0.04693318158388138,
0.023414868861436844,
0.01720072515308857,
0.031424663960933685,
-0.011352098546922207,
-0.02590661495923996,
-0.028563834726810455,
-0.018167421221733093,
-0.061521682888269424,
0.002392677590250969,
-0.05534934625029564,
0.09386349469423294,
-0.08331385254859924,
-0.09178847074508667,
-0.028068305924534798,
-0.010440181009471416,
0.05491001158952713,
-0.027361227199435234,
0.0370931476354599,
0.061231959611177444,
0.006076822057366371,
-0.025129161775112152,
-0.028846239671111107,
0.05501769855618477,
0.0034934203140437603,
-0.06342104077339172,
0.03870699927210808,
-0.001272348454222083,
0.0034350305795669556,
0.07169389724731445,
-0.019252661615610123,
-0.01372096873819828,
0.03900545835494995,
0.017349664121866226,
-0.022235428914427757,
0.025379614904522896,
0.06583023071289062,
-0.013218954205513,
-0.007467011921107769,
-0.014041678048670292,
-0.07408323138952255,
0.040391724556684494,
-0.0011952804634347558,
0.013874279335141182,
-0.03256982937455177,
-0.0010811258107423782,
0.01670011319220066,
0.009928688406944275,
0.0978609248995781,
0.027881382033228874,
0.017382783815264702,
0.06699797511100769,
0.09664886444807053,
0.04802505299448967,
0.044622041285037994,
-0.03569799289107323,
0.044444624334573746,
0.046040039509534836,
-0.04904058575630188,
0.01314782164990902,
-0.008310760371387005,
-0.017733829095959663,
-0.006288749165832996,
0.057857636362314224,
0.026029234752058983,
-0.043524980545043945,
0.009415261447429657,
-0.022766895592212677,
0.030247218906879425,
-0.028191689401865005,
-0.04516807198524475,
-0.3078581690788269,
0.03314059600234032,
0.03646904602646828,
-0.005024415906518698,
0.1078738272190094,
0.02830871008336544,
0.02773052081465721,
0.012323208153247833,
-0.0170279610902071,
-0.06592579185962677,
0.09577015042304993,
0.06301429122686386,
-0.004179762210696936,
-0.025421028956770897,
-0.018822748214006424,
-0.03506769612431526,
0.019116392359137535,
-0.04384950175881386,
-0.01150266733020544,
0.012786698527634144,
-0.021201929077506065,
-0.040706049650907516,
-0.0772777870297432,
0.004662489052861929,
0.04047662764787674,
-0.003638284746557474,
0.10485555976629257,
-0.07492850720882416,
-0.05321082845330238,
-0.02142684906721115,
-0.0005428498843684793,
0.02946286089718342,
-0.04022577777504921,
-0.042946260422468185,
0.0071008638478815556,
-0.016973834484815598,
-0.014382578432559967,
-0.019286515191197395,
-0.06597013026475906,
0.013687057420611382,
0.021249478682875633,
0.10063596814870834,
0.014146714471280575,
-0.058467473834753036,
-0.06701988726854324,
0.005897367373108864,
-0.030072323977947235,
0.04016130790114403,
-0.0594744011759758,
0.04668289050459862,
0.005348647478967905,
-0.01489265076816082,
0.0011128081241622567,
0.013283188454806805,
0.019975170493125916,
0.031620901077985764,
-0.006669353693723679,
0.03457754850387573,
-0.03895149379968643,
-0.005543604027479887,
-0.09593852609395981,
0.009761659428477287,
0.01625422015786171,
-0.0017731734551489353,
-0.029314041137695312,
-0.029605397954583168,
0.04991470277309418,
-0.010234389454126358,
0.05032983422279358,
0.02204747311770916,
0.006623152177780867,
0.06329099088907242,
-0.0917542427778244,
0.06357204914093018,
0.05212225764989853,
0.06784272938966751,
-0.019949397072196007,
0.00764808664098382,
-0.024814782664179802,
0.024224190041422844,
-0.020800838246941566,
0.08956827223300934,
0.049086637794971466,
0.01679251529276371,
-0.025126229971647263,
-0.016991281881928444,
-0.028895454481244087,
-0.03529172018170357,
0.034560736268758774,
0.007846630178391933,
0.018618429079651833,
-0.006430184468626976,
-0.031043915078043938,
-0.02793721668422222,
0.0436009019613266,
0.03817000985145569,
-0.2800390124320984,
0.020381739363074303,
0.03641815856099129,
0.06922360509634018,
-0.06163117662072182,
-0.007791466545313597,
0.028715573251247406,
0.030868563801050186,
0.0061486633494496346,
-0.017454616725444794,
0.016259023919701576,
0.02056010812520981,
0.03430893272161484,
-0.040412649512290955,
0.02232075110077858,
-0.0074550858698785305,
0.050754230469465256,
-0.03333495184779167,
0.03171354532241821,
-0.009059629403054714,
0.029831765219569206,
-0.08774090558290482,
0.14717356860637665,
-0.02639278955757618,
-0.044976089149713516,
-0.021093254908919334,
0.013702837750315666,
0.06731294095516205,
-0.048567239195108414,
-0.03108571656048298,
-0.05974605306982994,
0.013339666649699211,
0.10665294528007507,
0.012944571673870087,
0.018842412158846855,
0.04757964611053467,
-0.02212017960846424,
0.009385227225720882,
0.010146994143724442,
-0.006170481909066439,
0.02255798503756523,
-0.05824190750718117,
-0.08345302939414978,
0.04289710894227028,
-0.0018794734496623278,
-0.05852556973695755,
-0.03460918366909027,
-0.03677726536989212,
-0.019472356885671616,
-0.024284478276968002,
-0.037973515689373016,
-0.047098927199840546,
0.0075646196492016315,
-0.023579347878694534,
0.023789845407009125,
-0.023410238325595856,
0.0016656061634421349,
-0.0012936812127009034,
-0.0226676557213068,
0.04655969515442848,
-0.030594903975725174,
-0.03503570705652237,
-0.02900010719895363,
0.044752489775419235,
0.007913816720247269
] |
PMID:6698 | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the influence of excipients and the method of granulation. | The proportion of microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid present as excipients in the dry mix for an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, prepared by a conventional wet granulation process, has been shown to influence granule formation and properties. Granule size distributions have varied widely due perhaps to variation in binder distribution. Granulating with water was equally satisfactory to granulating with a PVP solution. Slugged granules produced robust tablets, which disintegrated and dissolved rapidly. | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the influence of excipients and the method of granulation. The proportion of microcrystalline cellulose and alginic acid present as excipients in the dry mix for an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, prepared by a conventional wet granulation process, has been shown to influence granule formation and properties. Granule size distributions have varied widely due perhaps to variation in binder distribution. Granulating with water was equally satisfactory to granulating with a PVP solution. Slugged granules produced robust tablets, which disintegrated and dissolved rapidly. | [
-0.03348911181092262,
0.031597692519426346,
0.038909051567316055,
-0.07474645972251892,
-0.019137592986226082,
0.010104285553097725,
-0.017920469865202904,
-0.00907985307276249,
-0.020376965403556824,
0.0012115872232243419,
-0.03749099001288414,
-0.02510511875152588,
0.06754951924085617,
0.010979156009852886,
-0.025383679196238518,
0.02322152443230152,
0.018021490424871445,
-0.04733794555068016,
-0.030028806999325752,
-0.004922430496662855,
0.02342980168759823,
-0.002421969547867775,
-0.016530880704522133,
-0.017359498888254166,
0.0235558170825243,
0.014465010724961758,
-0.041783642023801804,
-0.02524724416434765,
-0.05914444476366043,
-0.23627056181430817,
0.0031089589465409517,
0.05058375000953674,
-0.040846534073352814,
-0.00380790326744318,
-0.04483810439705849,
0.02597549557685852,
-0.007281299214810133,
0.040105171501636505,
-0.041477132588624954,
0.0023669679649174213,
0.051964446902275085,
0.04725227504968643,
-0.06186146289110184,
0.04015571251511574,
0.010221532545983791,
-0.04557110741734505,
-0.04657227173447609,
0.023970196023583412,
0.10095217823982239,
0.017572984099388123,
0.1003272756934166,
-0.0429803840816021,
0.04671051725745201,
-0.012384099885821342,
-0.03815823793411255,
-0.030724642798304558,
0.013103749603033066,
0.06508190929889679,
0.0314544141292572,
0.010486344806849957,
-0.016030853614211082,
0.03011673130095005,
-0.14148320257663727,
0.09443076699972153,
0.08008512854576111,
0.01028965413570404,
-0.0008929060422815382,
0.004316343925893307,
0.03956601768732071,
0.06973569095134735,
-0.021353719756007195,
0.023979466408491135,
0.04214926064014435,
0.0669824406504631,
0.03219570219516754,
-0.0028154614847153425,
0.008028815500438213,
0.02896847203373909,
-0.013901472091674805,
-0.019595138728618622,
0.032900065183639526,
0.04503723606467247,
0.0021040288265794516,
-0.053973473608493805,
-0.031637728214263916,
-0.06462544947862625,
0.009458590298891068,
-0.04544120654463768,
0.034925445914268494,
-0.007615323644131422,
0.012692212127149105,
-0.004949525464326143,
-0.026898309588432312,
-0.02822800725698471,
-0.07798763364553452,
-0.012948595918715,
-0.03341716527938843,
-0.04397392272949219,
0.022425537928938866,
0.3672640025615692,
-0.023739194497466087,
-0.027831053361296654,
0.031673841178417206,
-0.009337283670902252,
-0.010185767896473408,
-0.0543639175593853,
0.0009919734438881278,
-0.04536562040448189,
-0.02255447581410408,
0.03787291795015335,
-0.001766391098499298,
0.016063105314970016,
0.016246475279331207,
-0.014904480427503586,
-0.04139496013522148,
-0.019274530932307243,
-0.0050873588770627975,
-0.014053707011044025,
-0.037831101566553116,
-0.018161483108997345,
-0.021646324545145035,
0.007687678560614586,
-0.01914731226861477,
-0.0016108915442600846,
0.04420333728194237,
-0.017577705904841423,
-0.04736095666885376,
0.09270022809505463,
-0.024952542036771774,
-0.007723050191998482,
0.0019525381503626704,
0.02777523174881935,
0.01226179301738739,
0.007703443523496389,
0.04762958362698555,
-0.01011248491704464,
0.022387592121958733,
-0.04741804301738739,
0.040851667523384094,
0.04249308630824089,
-0.005287882871925831,
-0.01192222535610199,
0.0007532868185080588,
-0.09239733964204788,
-0.03509526327252388,
0.09038504958152771,
0.009738478809595108,
-0.03888442739844322,
0.031684812158346176,
-0.02395409718155861,
-0.0002591088996268809,
0.049335259944200516,
-0.04476097971200943,
0.04737165570259094,
0.01774217002093792,
0.05324520543217659,
0.006246381904929876,
-0.01901678368449211,
-0.02235516346991062,
-0.03679969161748886,
-0.036716584116220474,
-0.04112614691257477,
-0.037849705666303635,
0.10768025368452072,
-0.051477693021297455,
-0.06861686706542969,
-0.011495438404381275,
-0.020176302641630173,
0.06361542642116547,
0.006232328712940216,
0.024788368493318558,
0.040993720293045044,
-0.019532566890120506,
-0.004425979219377041,
-0.0024804314598441124,
0.0420057438313961,
0.012181859463453293,
-0.04511866346001625,
0.052820075303316116,
0.018753530457615852,
0.03495771437883377,
0.10072237998247147,
0.013844175264239311,
0.012589695863425732,
0.032121993601322174,
-0.024606971070170403,
-0.05006946623325348,
0.017146896570920944,
0.059830065816640854,
-0.01659075729548931,
-0.03755325824022293,
0.003035502275452018,
-0.055104389786720276,
0.009874459356069565,
-0.009132848121225834,
-0.006402572616934776,
-0.02302492782473564,
-0.003865380771458149,
0.011000515893101692,
0.0013305814936757088,
0.09991268068552017,
0.019771654158830643,
0.006132940296083689,
0.05521012097597122,
0.07457346469163895,
0.019972816109657288,
0.035752829164266586,
-0.06139165908098221,
0.06430491805076599,
0.01751321367919445,
-0.05613032355904579,
0.028157630935311317,
0.0020676483400166035,
-0.012718750163912773,
-0.008114969357848167,
0.07489599287509918,
0.024374183267354965,
-0.022404488176107407,
-0.0034094639122486115,
-0.04387695714831352,
0.05497058853507042,
-0.0405881404876709,
-0.018923833966255188,
-0.30665192008018494,
0.005416892468929291,
0.044708769768476486,
0.00015848300245124847,
0.10483294725418091,
-0.015671873465180397,
0.029464107006788254,
0.017878344282507896,
-0.028700266033411026,
-0.07761315256357193,
0.0713617131114006,
0.03928548842668533,
-0.01988999918103218,
-0.038658708333969116,
-0.03786918520927429,
-0.020995354279875755,
0.0006245184922590852,
-0.030331473797559738,
0.0273560993373394,
0.03690442815423012,
0.008188479579985142,
-0.03879781812429428,
-0.036394987255334854,
0.013376722112298012,
0.025104140862822533,
0.02446332387626171,
0.10948437452316284,
-0.04206600412726402,
-0.060111090540885925,
-0.014445490203797817,
0.004149855114519596,
0.017433522269129753,
-0.04009679704904556,
-0.05508505553007126,
-0.03799865022301674,
-0.009955956600606441,
0.002032860880717635,
-0.024324852973222733,
-0.03234804421663284,
-0.004569627344608307,
-0.0015334882773458958,
0.08433316648006439,
0.0004658122197724879,
-0.053064726293087006,
-0.045996956527233124,
0.02588670514523983,
-0.061861492693424225,
0.042610157281160355,
-0.04895380511879921,
0.03334688022732735,
0.01898583024740219,
-0.002814263105392456,
0.030151456594467163,
0.011569585651159286,
0.006690464448183775,
0.004438289441168308,
-0.018128719180822372,
0.03323696181178093,
-0.03805122524499893,
-0.028745993971824646,
-0.08637747168540955,
0.0009284791885875165,
0.009396216832101345,
0.02076413668692112,
-0.029214216396212578,
-0.03754473850131035,
0.025823496282100677,
-0.03789975494146347,
0.07323656231164932,
0.030604951083660126,
0.00532830785959959,
0.10511983186006546,
-0.08027254045009613,
0.05138589069247246,
0.050698794424533844,
0.07473041117191315,
-0.00926264375448227,
-0.014883448369801044,
-0.05577557533979416,
0.021900393068790436,
-0.04794953763484955,
0.04302903637290001,
0.062125708907842636,
0.02192666009068489,
-0.02772071212530136,
-0.03234970569610596,
-0.041136451065540314,
-0.027569187805056572,
0.02527640573680401,
-0.00575719028711319,
0.04596129059791565,
-0.012260139919817448,
-0.031097106635570526,
-0.03117987886071205,
0.051092494279146194,
0.04203171655535698,
-0.28607624769210815,
0.04722824692726135,
0.05920189619064331,
0.07684222608804703,
-0.03961474448442459,
-0.023896027356386185,
0.025569183751940727,
0.03068597801029682,
0.03951336070895195,
0.03300202637910843,
0.03005814552307129,
-0.01700354553759098,
0.036089226603507996,
-0.024558067321777344,
0.024350972846150398,
0.0010111816227436066,
0.0476711131632328,
-0.04047125205397606,
0.0017450337763875723,
-0.004616423975676298,
0.036622315645217896,
-0.07379090040922165,
0.15401096642017365,
-0.02075522392988205,
-0.0368240661919117,
0.03003329038619995,
0.022251566872000694,
0.06808878481388092,
-0.03540142998099327,
-0.008471685461699963,
-0.03237904608249664,
0.0446389801800251,
0.09645108878612518,
-0.004491247236728668,
0.006447743624448776,
-0.004947293549776077,
-0.015840597450733185,
0.029565462842583656,
0.008871619589626789,
0.01345776952803135,
0.008853025734424591,
-0.052873264998197556,
-0.0651400163769722,
0.0477176196873188,
0.008049631491303444,
-0.06475671380758286,
-0.03414805606007576,
-0.056232135742902756,
-0.039667412638664246,
0.0022235759533941746,
-0.04001028835773468,
-0.05399158596992493,
0.009223523549735546,
-0.019329553470015526,
0.02093731425702572,
-0.028253259137272835,
-0.03367702662944794,
-0.0015355364885181189,
-0.023304440081119537,
0.0744738057255745,
-0.003069712081924081,
-0.0676831528544426,
-0.021514559164643288,
0.04975128173828125,
-0.013563024811446667
] |
PMID:6699 | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the effect of wet mixing time, particle size and batch variation on granule and tablet properties. | The wet mixing time has been shown to influence the properties of an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, wet granulated with PVP solution. Increased time of wet mixing produced larger, stronger and more dense granules, which compressed into tablets with longer disintegration and dissolution times. Decreased drug particle size aggravated these trends. A decrease in drug particle size also produced larger, stronger and more dense granules. Above an oxytetracycline mean particle diameter of about 6 mum, the tablet dissolution was satisfactory. As the oxytetracycline particle size was decreased further, however, the distintegration and dissolution of the corresponding tablets was markedly slower. | Oxytetracycline tablet formulations: the effect of wet mixing time, particle size and batch variation on granule and tablet properties. The wet mixing time has been shown to influence the properties of an oxytetracycline dihydrate tablet formulation, wet granulated with PVP solution. Increased time of wet mixing produced larger, stronger and more dense granules, which compressed into tablets with longer disintegration and dissolution times. Decreased drug particle size aggravated these trends. A decrease in drug particle size also produced larger, stronger and more dense granules. Above an oxytetracycline mean particle diameter of about 6 mum, the tablet dissolution was satisfactory. As the oxytetracycline particle size was decreased further, however, the distintegration and dissolution of the corresponding tablets was markedly slower. | [
-0.046940479427576065,
-0.003009970998391509,
0.04208335652947426,
-0.05658663436770439,
-0.02405351586639881,
-0.01141070295125246,
0.019131166860461235,
-0.02659028396010399,
-0.002748919650912285,
-0.011962850578129292,
-0.01678438112139702,
-0.04624283313751221,
0.07658529281616211,
0.0012231282889842987,
-0.03014691360294819,
0.02676159329712391,
0.04727720469236374,
-0.07518253475427628,
-0.03123716451227665,
0.0306978989392519,
-0.005171121098101139,
0.02014770731329918,
-0.018866917118430138,
-0.021984446793794632,
0.02135816402733326,
0.003206950379535556,
-0.03354671597480774,
-0.027717212215065956,
-0.05566465109586716,
-0.25091978907585144,
0.04258685186505318,
0.059425462037324905,
-0.06724080443382263,
-0.00868651270866394,
-0.018838440999388695,
0.042451318353414536,
-0.02808627486228943,
0.04703723266720772,
-0.009099218994379044,
0.011427648365497589,
0.0660015270113945,
0.05796403810381889,
-0.050232529640197754,
0.028989681974053383,
-0.007929414510726929,
-0.04209322854876518,
-0.03597453981637955,
0.03458560258150101,
0.0893663540482521,
-0.0030636556912213564,
0.09174154698848724,
-0.03659121319651604,
0.06952038407325745,
0.004548544995486736,
-0.023597348481416702,
-0.025376684963703156,
0.0018087696516886353,
0.07265860587358475,
0.023411957547068596,
0.0031616140622645617,
-0.016528766602277756,
0.051314763724803925,
-0.15314410626888275,
0.0737876370549202,
0.07602941244840622,
0.01751822605729103,
-0.02250508964061737,
0.005414866842329502,
0.025136040523648262,
0.08976510912179947,
-0.048789508640766144,
0.025276392698287964,
0.009908654727041721,
0.05661440268158913,
0.011976683512330055,
-0.014505317434668541,
-0.029973961412906647,
-0.0013310839422047138,
-0.01461855974048376,
-0.015767501667141914,
0.0461411215364933,
0.05805904045701027,
0.013800662010908127,
-0.08435661345720291,
-0.019948001950979233,
-0.05934714153409004,
0.02571186050772667,
-0.03112778067588806,
0.026798631995916367,
-0.012422284111380577,
-0.008049924857914448,
0.001384418224915862,
-0.03672432899475098,
-0.022693699225783348,
-0.04127354919910431,
-0.017408255487680435,
-0.010093115270137787,
-0.04248315468430519,
0.018681157380342484,
0.3613113462924957,
-0.042983680963516235,
0.00705963047221303,
0.009124216623604298,
-0.019044412299990654,
-0.031116213649511337,
-0.018948717042803764,
0.0527217797935009,
-0.0385117344558239,
-0.0025547260884195566,
0.03387963026762009,
0.008967328816652298,
0.033506136387586594,
0.019393177703022957,
-0.01801908016204834,
-0.040900181978940964,
-0.0020202475134283304,
0.009579524397850037,
-0.03685414046049118,
-0.02860220894217491,
0.03414648771286011,
-0.009731123223900795,
0.014516754075884819,
-0.003675830317661166,
-0.007572740316390991,
0.019450528547167778,
0.0011629784712567925,
-0.03076224774122238,
0.07894766330718994,
-0.06219862774014473,
-0.010029464960098267,
0.009821678511798382,
-0.018063560128211975,
0.0002027576556429267,
-0.023834917694330215,
0.03185005858540535,
-0.023501839488744736,
0.01785178855061531,
-0.0334961973130703,
0.04136503115296364,
0.028791267424821854,
-0.026837598532438278,
-0.03134115785360336,
0.01472332514822483,
-0.09294530004262924,
-0.046986501663923264,
0.1433795690536499,
0.027059784159064293,
0.0035970802418887615,
0.012227113358676434,
-0.03771894797682762,
-0.02902335114777088,
0.07503814995288849,
-0.07149884849786758,
0.028113389387726784,
0.0035763767082244158,
0.01863345503807068,
-0.009115958586335182,
0.014844560995697975,
-0.0275716595351696,
-0.008441977202892303,
-0.042268794029951096,
-0.012386137619614601,
-0.03427145630121231,
0.09801971912384033,
-0.067301444709301,
-0.06671441346406937,
-0.03798568248748779,
-0.01931372843682766,
0.05684167891740799,
0.016961796209216118,
-0.001434671226888895,
0.01634693518280983,
-0.0010554952314123511,
-0.02194276824593544,
0.0035269141662865877,
-0.0014584074961021543,
0.009240888059139252,
-0.06197189912199974,
0.03636443614959717,
0.009846614673733711,
0.024144409224390984,
0.07759273052215576,
0.019321998581290245,
0.01895013637840748,
0.03526012599468231,
-0.018982600420713425,
-0.045145295560359955,
0.005728337448090315,
0.05706670507788658,
0.01566426083445549,
-0.016124607995152473,
-0.017279740422964096,
-0.060647957026958466,
0.04184959828853607,
-0.017634399235248566,
-0.014445105567574501,
-0.026923121884465218,
0.02275768667459488,
0.010279607027769089,
0.005257365293800831,
0.08907978236675262,
0.04430695250630379,
0.023567916825413704,
0.035899512469768524,
0.062304187566041946,
0.040363434702157974,
0.056962788105010986,
-0.05057734623551369,
0.02988029085099697,
0.0258204136043787,
-0.07433793693780899,
0.01694108173251152,
-0.017120609059929848,
-0.02350533753633499,
-0.0010110385483130813,
0.06753266602754593,
0.029746163636446,
-0.021837685257196426,
0.00884268805384636,
-0.028996573761105537,
0.03746667131781578,
-0.03267216309905052,
-0.016476251184940338,
-0.296631783246994,
-0.0037671320606023073,
0.04398147016763687,
0.029569951817393303,
0.10250760614871979,
0.0023146497551351786,
0.011551717296242714,
-0.007422290276736021,
0.03139447420835495,
-0.07706442475318909,
0.09256208688020706,
0.03176295384764671,
-0.01612776890397072,
-0.04214710742235184,
-0.04041716828942299,
-0.016641946509480476,
0.004158737137913704,
-0.001928946701809764,
0.0017141643911600113,
0.01716054044663906,
-0.01708962582051754,
-0.011762570589780807,
-0.06547002494335175,
-0.0024145308416336775,
0.046879254281520844,
0.02158971317112446,
0.11154033988714218,
-0.06893904507160187,
-0.03855358809232712,
-0.004921303130686283,
0.0010005146032199264,
-0.004927724599838257,
-0.022731902077794075,
-0.033616386353969574,
-0.02392548695206642,
0.012364688329398632,
0.0149909732863307,
-0.02747316285967827,
-0.05544501915574074,
-0.001815851777791977,
-0.013397052884101868,
0.07240433990955353,
0.01919361762702465,
-0.04527685046195984,
-0.06566490978002548,
0.018173182383179665,
-0.029206207022070885,
0.013023651205003262,
-0.06092066317796707,
0.02133967913687229,
0.02108423039317131,
0.0026378813199698925,
0.010117446072399616,
0.013319519348442554,
0.03488128259778023,
0.018402300775051117,
-0.0011663800105452538,
0.0468309260904789,
-0.05706697702407837,
-0.0386013463139534,
-0.07861892879009247,
0.009809063747525215,
0.005380129907280207,
-0.011451942846179008,
-0.04520829766988754,
-0.04813307523727417,
0.007581725250929594,
-0.0461433008313179,
0.025555849075317383,
0.02742137387394905,
0.02251356653869152,
0.09404399245977402,
-0.09678274393081665,
0.0587785542011261,
0.08547274023294449,
0.027176255360245705,
-0.05676539987325668,
0.028264226391911507,
-0.02602165937423706,
0.03251717984676361,
-0.011678138747811317,
0.06840837001800537,
0.04893628507852554,
0.03353951871395111,
-0.010621985420584679,
-0.06307235360145569,
-0.03963262960314751,
-0.00278632715344429,
0.029471296817064285,
0.007589362561702728,
0.020662296563386917,
-0.02111971378326416,
-0.015813305974006653,
-0.04000982269644737,
0.03291657567024231,
0.040265802294015884,
-0.2716706097126007,
0.05753464624285698,
0.06218476593494415,
0.051247864961624146,
-0.01732480525970459,
-0.00408780574798584,
0.05092138424515724,
0.018190257251262665,
0.004109424073249102,
-0.021271275356411934,
0.0322483591735363,
0.014530935324728489,
0.021145757287740707,
-0.015801481902599335,
0.04820460081100464,
0.021052369847893715,
0.027348652482032776,
-0.052475422620773315,
0.0038699505385011435,
-0.02005515992641449,
0.04213821515440941,
-0.05348392203450203,
0.16515600681304932,
-0.03179376199841499,
-0.04380954056978226,
0.009748339653015137,
0.01994943805038929,
0.07490584999322891,
-0.03254838287830353,
-0.025623470544815063,
-0.050812579691410065,
0.07002865523099899,
0.1093243733048439,
0.011492250487208366,
-0.008720326237380505,
0.01720903068780899,
-0.04751451686024666,
0.026444874703884125,
0.010398950427770615,
0.026136042550206184,
0.018602285534143448,
-0.06552920490503311,
-0.055482007563114166,
0.01665477082133293,
0.008690919727087021,
-0.06169401481747627,
-0.03075549192726612,
-0.0451664924621582,
-0.03014366701245308,
0.02288942039012909,
-0.06971510499715805,
-0.041812703013420105,
-0.005889019928872585,
-0.01703326217830181,
0.029413359239697456,
-0.005021470133215189,
-0.04033182933926582,
0.04280134290456772,
0.02968999743461609,
0.04861796274781227,
-0.003419724525883794,
-0.05706369876861572,
-0.01411446463316679,
0.02097441256046295,
-0.006253308150917292
] |
PMID:6714 | Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver. | Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second most abundant metabolite was 6alpha-hydroxy-CBD; whereas only a trace amount of 6beta-hydroxy-CBD was found. In addition hydroxylation occurred in all positions of the pentyl side chain, 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD being most abundant. 3 inches-Hydroxy-CBD was formed in half of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD, while 1 inches-, 2 inches-, 5 inches-hydroxy-CBD were each formed in approximately one fourth of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD. | Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver. Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second most abundant metabolite was 6alpha-hydroxy-CBD; whereas only a trace amount of 6beta-hydroxy-CBD was found. In addition hydroxylation occurred in all positions of the pentyl side chain, 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD being most abundant. 3 inches-Hydroxy-CBD was formed in half of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD, while 1 inches-, 2 inches-, 5 inches-hydroxy-CBD were each formed in approximately one fourth of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD. | [
-0.011064729653298855,
-0.0665900856256485,
-0.06796190142631531,
-0.037848200649023056,
0.032904788851737976,
0.009471560828387737,
0.021449383348226547,
-0.04131108894944191,
-0.007029002998024225,
0.05275791883468628,
0.008399604819715023,
-0.049654074013233185,
0.002254677703604102,
-0.0004481742507778108,
-0.01456808764487505,
0.02766813524067402,
0.05977786332368851,
-0.05582921952009201,
-0.08723387867212296,
0.04446828365325928,
0.001515147159807384,
0.014521755278110504,
0.04995215684175491,
0.009131885133683681,
0.06102520972490311,
0.002801059279590845,
0.030750351026654243,
0.023260384798049927,
-0.02683173306286335,
-0.1939343512058258,
0.052237365394830704,
0.05594000592827797,
0.03197565674781799,
-0.04722476750612259,
0.017291679978370667,
-0.009600046090781689,
0.01799705997109413,
0.01593451201915741,
0.013387276791036129,
0.017432864755392075,
0.014827659353613853,
0.04651402309536934,
-0.0024430439807474613,
0.04089443385601044,
0.047912850975990295,
0.03889727592468262,
-0.08554830402135849,
0.051403142511844635,
0.11727350950241089,
-0.0015918789431452751,
-0.018661601468920708,
0.027767851948738098,
-0.0004124283732380718,
0.00794469565153122,
0.01591476984322071,
-0.003496706485748291,
-0.015089853666722775,
0.016082201153039932,
-0.026191655546426773,
0.07474896311759949,
-0.013984953053295612,
0.01840953342616558,
-0.13032038509845734,
0.044677410274744034,
0.07531058043241501,
-0.005595223978161812,
-0.01967519521713257,
-0.02025403454899788,
0.050639234483242035,
0.027053361758589745,
-0.02839013561606407,
-0.047815077006816864,
-0.012668164446949959,
-0.007933338172733784,
-0.0027699978090822697,
0.01421306561678648,
-0.03375964239239693,
0.003443249734118581,
-0.004999479278922081,
0.004183152224868536,
-0.013900542631745338,
0.07420732825994492,
-0.006973699200898409,
-0.007232858799397945,
0.010537625290453434,
-0.017005855217576027,
0.013142095878720284,
-0.01970880664885044,
0.015532193705439568,
-0.005179619882255793,
0.02614908292889595,
0.006430143490433693,
0.012850076891481876,
0.022294923663139343,
-0.1397688388824463,
-0.00615443242713809,
0.033510830253362656,
-0.014176156371831894,
0.05196953937411308,
0.3212750554084778,
-0.037762053310871124,
0.005392914637923241,
-0.08533444255590439,
-0.026615174487233162,
-0.021990489214658737,
0.005944590549916029,
-0.05058339983224869,
-0.02476957067847252,
0.000032435364119010046,
0.03357461839914322,
0.08557416498661041,
0.02948172762989998,
0.0019849345553666353,
-0.07470311224460602,
-0.07343218475580215,
-0.03742107003927231,
0.018530437722802162,
-0.031428080052137375,
-0.0399203784763813,
0.026089223101735115,
0.014228441752493382,
0.0429014228284359,
0.06970219314098358,
0.014507976360619068,
0.0041531906463205814,
-0.0034875983837991953,
-0.0354047492146492,
0.10079997777938843,
0.05570497736334801,
0.05807918310165405,
0.05015555024147034,
0.0469699427485466,
0.053116634488105774,
-0.009366193786263466,
0.004703965038061142,
-0.004040833562612534,
0.054723359644412994,
-0.037803832441568375,
0.0354495570063591,
0.028725020587444305,
-0.05014337971806526,
-0.03587882220745087,
-0.023441115394234657,
-0.05070234090089798,
-0.08995620161294937,
0.06500742584466934,
0.055289678275585175,
0.005747791845351458,
-0.01261503342539072,
-0.018270224332809448,
-0.002022666158154607,
-0.009114488959312439,
-0.07207509875297546,
0.07021820545196533,
0.02820543199777603,
0.00018777931109070778,
0.009658591821789742,
0.025292692705988884,
-0.03396887704730034,
-0.060349829494953156,
-0.00819262396544218,
-0.017307138070464134,
0.021380942314863205,
0.12476679682731628,
0.025135038420557976,
-0.04373639449477196,
-0.05585693567991257,
0.05467946454882622,
0.09159072488546371,
0.006073960103094578,
0.05876006558537483,
-0.03415572643280029,
-0.06504678726196289,
0.03383489325642586,
-0.04423254355788231,
-0.06975269317626953,
0.00419934606179595,
0.08690665662288666,
0.007788910996168852,
-0.030861705541610718,
0.08606823533773422,
-0.08811966329813004,
-0.02684370055794716,
0.04998971149325371,
0.013358925469219685,
-0.008697149343788624,
-0.022241713479161263,
-0.023092135787010193,
-0.03226904571056366,
0.03546096757054329,
-0.02593175694346428,
0.04408983513712883,
-0.09055349975824356,
-0.00861030351370573,
-0.055837441235780716,
-0.02872014418244362,
-0.06034232676029205,
0.04876575246453285,
0.003873060690239072,
-0.015005596913397312,
0.08262232691049576,
-0.02002182975411415,
0.002377541037276387,
0.05290457606315613,
-0.0014491210458800197,
0.056870702654123306,
0.0013081262586638331,
-0.0036194012500345707,
0.020372478291392326,
0.015651512891054153,
-0.04560526832938194,
0.02638215385377407,
0.007229138165712357,
0.023470664396882057,
-0.03726239129900932,
0.0044736312702298164,
0.012755678966641426,
0.02418232336640358,
0.011686157435178757,
0.058574378490448,
0.0527014285326004,
-0.12372816354036331,
-0.020066767930984497,
-0.26160141825675964,
-0.056027308106422424,
0.060217030346393585,
0.000041560022509656847,
0.07159457355737686,
-0.02719791978597641,
0.005079815164208412,
-0.023998674005270004,
0.003183578373864293,
0.006509175058454275,
0.039713528007268906,
0.035921476781368256,
-0.01546581368893385,
-0.01690802536904812,
-0.004224051255732775,
0.045335445553064346,
0.008286982774734497,
-0.07879412919282913,
0.013578866608440876,
0.017213327810168266,
0.039556268602609634,
-0.0033038656692951918,
-0.030408378690481186,
-0.045216090977191925,
0.01062873937189579,
-0.010972173884510994,
0.11416381597518921,
0.002829166129231453,
-0.04728930816054344,
-0.0015287845162674785,
0.0770522728562355,
0.0192580409348011,
-0.02502765692770481,
-0.12059448659420013,
0.010465403087437153,
-0.10226456075906754,
-0.02967674471437931,
-0.0972379669547081,
0.019655464217066765,
0.005355482921004295,
-0.022609708830714226,
0.035114534199237823,
0.03886177018284798,
-0.11971721053123474,
-0.04026506841182709,
0.004427285864949226,
-0.02052985318005085,
-0.006411385722458363,
-0.018505113199353218,
-0.05346043035387993,
0.05108350142836571,
0.05224713683128357,
-0.06361031532287598,
-0.03523720055818558,
0.01697317138314247,
-0.00997966155409813,
-0.06373675167560577,
-0.05714505910873413,
-0.030905164778232574,
0.004169867839664221,
-0.02873886376619339,
-0.01626785285770893,
0.014847096055746078,
-0.006885564886033535,
-0.023344993591308594,
-0.0027306624688208103,
-0.018689539283514023,
-0.028456008061766624,
0.05526493117213249,
-0.012133821845054626,
0.050663821399211884,
0.06717541813850403,
-0.0029847135301679373,
-0.032153770327568054,
0.09772313386201859,
-0.0025281626731157303,
-0.03138723969459534,
-0.07826398313045502,
-0.06419163942337036,
0.02289874292910099,
-0.030997147783637047,
-0.04633461311459541,
0.04013233259320259,
0.006489600986242294,
0.038395751267671585,
0.01760284975171089,
0.014940712600946426,
-0.012343894690275192,
0.05301331728696823,
-0.05315995588898659,
0.054844293743371964,
0.001770018134266138,
0.014840151183307171,
-0.08105754107236862,
0.0021243630908429623,
0.024997008964419365,
-0.23288553953170776,
-0.023546267300844193,
0.016938067972660065,
0.016264643520116806,
0.019014833495020866,
0.05703194811940193,
0.06542029976844788,
0.030653221532702446,
-0.055061452090740204,
0.011847657151520252,
0.008745092898607254,
0.009151455014944077,
0.06054270640015602,
0.04300372302532196,
0.013378077186644077,
-0.0235675610601902,
0.05534561350941658,
-0.007740822155028582,
0.0007862446364015341,
-0.037266701459884644,
-0.04307696968317032,
-0.04263010993599892,
0.126292884349823,
0.0036952286027371883,
-0.06714566051959991,
-0.006724610924720764,
-0.04915272071957588,
0.0012527558719739318,
-0.027048593387007713,
0.037897560745477676,
0.027950139716267586,
0.01792406477034092,
0.1140565499663353,
-0.029031939804553986,
0.022812331095337868,
0.06625381112098694,
-0.011053524911403656,
0.010727111250162125,
-0.0008666099747642875,
0.016296779736876488,
-0.04369376227259636,
-0.019914088770747185,
-0.06990218162536621,
-0.032311249524354935,
0.05141604691743851,
-0.09215303510427475,
-0.030904732644557953,
-0.02052815444767475,
0.03841070458292961,
-0.0006583829526789486,
-0.0018656037282198668,
0.0017037347424775362,
-0.00021783396368846297,
0.09078831225633621,
0.006773957516998053,
-0.025947386398911476,
0.0016596042551100254,
0.00003496323188301176,
-0.0044817933812737465,
-0.008249841630458832,
-0.06259755045175552,
0.005624302662909031,
-0.05696313828229904,
0.1091940701007843,
0.03840956464409828
] |
PMID:6715 | Characterization of the butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in samples of cannabis by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. | The butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabinol and cannabidiol have been identified in several samples of cannabis. 8 samples contained delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, one sample contained cannabinol and one sample contained both cannabinol and cannabidiol. Separation by gas chromatography and identification by gas chromotography-mass spectrometry was achieved by the preparation of trimethylsilyl, d9-trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl and tri-n-propylsilyl derivatives. | Characterization of the butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in samples of cannabis by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabinol and cannabidiol have been identified in several samples of cannabis. 8 samples contained delta1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, one sample contained cannabinol and one sample contained both cannabinol and cannabidiol. Separation by gas chromatography and identification by gas chromotography-mass spectrometry was achieved by the preparation of trimethylsilyl, d9-trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl and tri-n-propylsilyl derivatives. | [
-0.00009872544615063816,
-0.026264453306794167,
-0.04099547490477562,
-0.0465458445250988,
0.05125284940004349,
0.009306046180427074,
0.04986296594142914,
-0.026172811165452003,
-0.03452620655298233,
0.004087063018232584,
-0.02400660142302513,
-0.06854753196239471,
0.011944903060793877,
-0.020559800788760185,
0.015998397022485733,
0.0121585289016366,
0.06762933731079102,
-0.007239956874400377,
-0.08054078370332718,
-0.013125321827828884,
0.036576155573129654,
-0.03301410377025604,
0.013494152575731277,
0.03869173303246498,
0.05449816584587097,
0.025099150836467743,
0.00852271355688572,
-0.04502418637275696,
-0.0000909923473955132,
-0.18102841079235077,
0.02411188744008541,
0.05098602548241615,
-0.023046815767884254,
-0.06448068469762802,
0.051100872457027435,
-0.016482336446642876,
0.03919154405593872,
0.0009750847239047289,
-0.042888447642326355,
0.014060941524803638,
0.05191069468855858,
-0.04395695775747299,
-0.02318567968904972,
0.016185035929083824,
0.0317823551595211,
0.0015533686382696033,
-0.062088508158922195,
0.006053498014807701,
0.0475933812558651,
-0.0156643595546484,
-0.020220229402184486,
0.036580413579940796,
0.050759125500917435,
0.0048193372786045074,
-0.0020974138751626015,
0.0020671291276812553,
0.04524622857570648,
0.01018551830202341,
-0.03758053481578827,
0.03160007670521736,
0.013252539560198784,
0.019669534638524055,
-0.12559980154037476,
-0.00003023042154381983,
0.0698750764131546,
0.01663675159215927,
-0.004045859444886446,
-0.028424454852938652,
0.061625998467206955,
0.054934512823820114,
-0.02358381636440754,
0.03732047602534294,
0.018717633560299873,
0.026339303702116013,
0.014622931368649006,
-0.015440072864294052,
0.008138582110404968,
-0.03030269406735897,
0.0037827834021300077,
-0.016228461638092995,
0.010670658200979233,
0.05726710334420204,
0.02094798907637596,
-0.029574118554592133,
-0.0399278961122036,
-0.03944318741559982,
0.0007973938481882215,
-0.005297807976603508,
0.01718490570783615,
0.027510765939950943,
0.0254307072609663,
-0.05753491073846817,
0.005642411764711142,
0.05450548231601715,
-0.09359703958034515,
-0.036003705114126205,
0.015485883690416813,
-0.054058872163295746,
0.06820745766162872,
0.37385132908821106,
-0.04072675108909607,
0.014812230132520199,
-0.0696597546339035,
-0.047532957047224045,
-0.050594262778759,
-0.01764185167849064,
-0.06814298033714294,
-0.05714987963438034,
0.029516490176320076,
0.026872556656599045,
0.05018417164683342,
0.025315046310424805,
0.035764072090387344,
-0.019657345488667488,
-0.048188216984272,
-0.028045710176229477,
0.030909474939107895,
-0.0025522280484437943,
-0.007169488351792097,
-0.001469867187552154,
-0.02001606859266758,
0.04556373506784439,
0.04252225533127785,
0.019912805408239365,
0.013630806468427181,
0.005408144555985928,
-0.05211678892374039,
0.07117041945457458,
0.03499995172023773,
0.07706066220998764,
0.07816880941390991,
-0.014310864731669426,
0.026429269462823868,
0.01365712471306324,
0.00317651336081326,
-0.0067939795553684235,
0.01563594676554203,
0.002336780307814479,
0.030406171455979347,
-0.02791561745107174,
-0.07856825739145279,
0.007729621138423681,
0.022529831156134605,
-0.03482360020279884,
-0.057061683386564255,
0.03023494780063629,
0.0006053534452803433,
0.002046154346317053,
-0.08344649523496628,
0.04355805739760399,
0.021519698202610016,
0.05774063616991043,
-0.024111097678542137,
0.07432454824447632,
0.044277939945459366,
0.013447627425193787,
0.054947055876255035,
0.010262864641845226,
-0.028108814731240273,
-0.0054875630885362625,
0.024916214868426323,
-0.03602665662765503,
0.013432077132165432,
0.1095358356833458,
0.041777316480875015,
-0.025461146607995033,
0.010972665622830391,
0.003418403211981058,
0.06104767322540283,
-0.024126151576638222,
0.09191583096981049,
-0.03744366392493248,
-0.056073591113090515,
0.038362178951501846,
-0.07231619209051132,
-0.04108117148280144,
0.004377670586109161,
0.05341411381959915,
-0.026125086471438408,
0.02432405576109886,
0.046888966113328934,
-0.06413735449314117,
-0.07847841829061508,
0.013680913485586643,
0.04286037012934685,
0.001291921827942133,
-0.05403357744216919,
-0.018815500661730766,
-0.0033986433409154415,
0.04766372963786125,
-0.02235492132604122,
0.010694494470953941,
-0.07643783837556839,
0.044605109840631485,
-0.05118907243013382,
-0.026913313195109367,
-0.031342171132564545,
0.03690144419670105,
0.007608198095113039,
-0.018749067559838295,
0.10439977049827576,
0.03042696602642536,
0.00023449819127563387,
0.04545776546001434,
0.04090062528848648,
0.035691894590854645,
-0.03654206916689873,
-0.018292926251888275,
0.025736408308148384,
0.01184361893683672,
-0.005857493262737989,
0.035979416221380234,
-0.08040419220924377,
0.03622966632246971,
-0.02553652599453926,
-0.025215597823262215,
-0.024556539952754974,
0.07785474509000778,
0.0026823803782463074,
0.04366932436823845,
-0.008031174540519714,
-0.023187793791294098,
-0.008991430513560772,
-0.3040735125541687,
-0.028308100998401642,
0.012441229075193405,
0.014067660085856915,
0.09112321585416794,
-0.002070454880595207,
0.04008430242538452,
0.012578694149851799,
-0.01549175288528204,
0.01457331981509924,
0.044183094054460526,
0.06888891011476517,
-0.02206333726644516,
-0.006538506597280502,
-0.0206262469291687,
0.030398789793252945,
0.03399593383073807,
-0.08727598935365677,
0.050772566348314285,
0.01632673107087612,
0.000032643922168063,
-0.03968874737620354,
-0.09276401996612549,
0.0014450264861807227,
0.009887685999274254,
-0.06515263766050339,
0.1463470458984375,
-0.01666245050728321,
-0.005986833479255438,
0.017901301383972168,
0.006642524618655443,
-0.006327925715595484,
0.016914043575525284,
-0.07955451309680939,
0.030769290402531624,
-0.045042213052511215,
-0.050811927765607834,
-0.08127781003713608,
0.0012755142524838448,
-0.03843960165977478,
-0.010447895154356956,
0.0061040762811899185,
0.0495663620531559,
-0.08285414427518845,
-0.05025831237435341,
-0.00906616821885109,
-0.0030248709954321384,
-0.01069154217839241,
-0.03068072535097599,
-0.016879811882972717,
0.02450590953230858,
0.055961620062589645,
0.011653643101453781,
-0.0375639833509922,
-0.0008650938398204744,
-0.025371642783284187,
-0.029154621064662933,
-0.0177900493144989,
-0.03178701922297478,
-0.020529938861727715,
0.04385989531874657,
0.0006692851893603802,
0.0012661556247621775,
0.014986775815486908,
0.017065251246094704,
-0.04790348932147026,
0.0001560872478876263,
0.02460327371954918,
0.07140819728374481,
-0.0076139322482049465,
0.01617845520377159,
0.0764431431889534,
-0.04395489767193794,
-0.03722627833485603,
0.09234566986560822,
0.029071006923913956,
-0.04810002073645592,
-0.029540853574872017,
-0.14194124937057495,
-0.008380141109228134,
-0.0658942237496376,
0.00014701734471600503,
0.01731814071536064,
-0.001927969860844314,
-0.01005301158875227,
0.021105578169226646,
0.04446528106927872,
-0.016704047098755836,
0.053294576704502106,
-0.02632289007306099,
0.02852816693484783,
0.007845235988497734,
0.046637870371341705,
-0.11299265921115875,
0.023540928959846497,
0.032208435237407684,
-0.22221694886684418,
-0.012864732183516026,
0.017161311581730843,
0.038982126861810684,
0.03805352747440338,
0.010601426474750042,
0.0681222602725029,
0.00699101435020566,
-0.003956547938287258,
-0.012684685178101063,
-0.0329214446246624,
0.011606786400079727,
0.02156047336757183,
0.00492258183658123,
-0.06916562467813492,
-0.009665168821811676,
0.10033196210861206,
-0.0798003152012825,
-0.010510480962693691,
0.03271915018558502,
0.0030878933612257242,
-0.028957590460777283,
0.13238689303398132,
0.012795482762157917,
-0.08015745133161545,
0.0007807038491591811,
-0.02864270657300949,
-0.012991339899599552,
-0.016256652772426605,
0.02879798412322998,
0.038681499660015106,
0.01774602197110653,
0.1255621463060379,
-0.02603972889482975,
-0.013045459054410458,
0.07635345309972763,
-0.012407215312123299,
-0.042115915566682816,
0.002099666278809309,
0.009695320390164852,
-0.007022589445114136,
0.005620747804641724,
-0.0835430771112442,
-0.056011732667684555,
0.03585284203290939,
-0.10187496989965439,
-0.02028454840183258,
-0.00831765215843916,
-0.0021475781686604023,
-0.013980741612613201,
0.013395198620855808,
0.022522516548633575,
-0.04070769250392914,
0.0612691305577755,
0.05605021491646767,
0.01990300416946411,
-0.023563625290989876,
-0.001509707304649055,
-0.03283194079995155,
-0.013693890534341335,
-0.06476883590221405,
0.026902632787823677,
-0.05785275995731354,
0.06351643800735474,
0.05025091767311096
] |
PMID:6716 | Tremorine-oxotremorine-induced tremor, hypothermia and analgesia, and physostigmine toxicity, in mice after pretreatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. | The beta-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 exhibited appreciable activity against tremorine-(TMN) and oxotremorine-(OTMN) induced tremor, whereas pronethalol, (+)-H56/28, (-)-H56/28, Kö-592 and L(+)-INPEA possessed weak action. The two beta-blockers, namely D,L(+/-)-INPEA and D(-)-INPEA acted as weak tremorgens. None of the above compounds suppressed the induced peripheral cholinergic phenomena; or possessed any central anticholinergic activity, as they were unable to afford protection against physostigmine-induced death. Propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 antagonized TMN-induced hypothermia and analgesia, but were inactive against OTMN-induced changes. A correlation of the beta-blocking and anti-tremor activity of these agents is unlikely. | Tremorine-oxotremorine-induced tremor, hypothermia and analgesia, and physostigmine toxicity, in mice after pretreatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. The beta-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 exhibited appreciable activity against tremorine-(TMN) and oxotremorine-(OTMN) induced tremor, whereas pronethalol, (+)-H56/28, (-)-H56/28, Kö-592 and L(+)-INPEA possessed weak action. The two beta-blockers, namely D,L(+/-)-INPEA and D(-)-INPEA acted as weak tremorgens. None of the above compounds suppressed the induced peripheral cholinergic phenomena; or possessed any central anticholinergic activity, as they were unable to afford protection against physostigmine-induced death. Propranolol, PhQA33 and LB-46 antagonized TMN-induced hypothermia and analgesia, but were inactive against OTMN-induced changes. A correlation of the beta-blocking and anti-tremor activity of these agents is unlikely. | [
-0.0948464497923851,
0.008033332414925098,
-0.010191303677856922,
0.015887435525655746,
-0.013549101538956165,
0.0450812503695488,
0.04819341376423836,
0.04722903296351433,
-0.0494815856218338,
-0.06521129608154297,
-0.02641492523252964,
-0.021982872858643532,
0.051822248846292496,
0.04655427113175392,
-0.04402017965912819,
-0.012305565178394318,
0.04754304513335228,
-0.03494338318705559,
0.003129356075078249,
0.029649503529071808,
-0.021906469017267227,
0.013682837598025799,
0.02998366393148899,
0.04790296405553818,
-0.017553841695189476,
0.044486887753009796,
-0.04879388585686684,
0.02776227332651615,
-0.01569312810897827,
-0.16919009387493134,
0.02044961228966713,
-0.006086201407015324,
0.0051314933225512505,
-0.07339677214622498,
-0.001702530076727271,
0.03498071804642677,
-0.020190589129924774,
0.06661680340766907,
-0.0030884575098752975,
0.0003446945920586586,
0.036947838962078094,
-0.007948198355734348,
0.04398256540298462,
-0.004770443309098482,
0.02324720472097397,
0.013102115131914616,
0.017793579027056694,
-0.054318174719810486,
0.10707078874111176,
0.011409998871386051,
0.027025220915675163,
-0.006232092157006264,
0.06188758835196495,
0.044023800641298294,
-0.003950676880776882,
-0.054104432463645935,
-0.03595962002873421,
0.012280011549592018,
0.01525809895247221,
0.05708283558487892,
0.005149588454514742,
-0.0228734090924263,
-0.16858762502670288,
0.038856469094753265,
0.051585495471954346,
0.009430290199816227,
-0.03304075077176094,
-0.0011584785534068942,
0.055559877306222916,
0.07573725283145905,
0.005604620091617107,
0.04802092909812927,
0.03911010921001434,
0.002677816664800048,
-0.033466827124357224,
-0.020027069374918938,
-0.015234977006912231,
0.00988305825740099,
0.002763780066743493,
-0.023129897192120552,
0.051436569541692734,
-0.02838142029941082,
-0.007750148419290781,
-0.05189478024840355,
0.07993919402360916,
-0.05269668996334076,
0.05054241791367531,
-0.028645126149058342,
-0.021206742152571678,
-0.02282855287194252,
-0.027226611971855164,
-0.038613200187683105,
0.0028041882906109095,
-0.014040467329323292,
-0.0480591356754303,
0.010301575064659119,
0.01783224567770958,
0.00030316555057652295,
-0.046492915600538254,
0.3547731637954712,
-0.0008662063046358526,
0.05101028457283974,
-0.09827221184968948,
0.006554010324180126,
0.09050710499286652,
-0.015583163127303123,
0.03341095894575119,
-0.0567287802696228,
-0.037433650344610214,
0.06134728714823723,
0.037770047783851624,
0.0038200339768081903,
0.0507194809615612,
-0.06420709937810898,
-0.03504658862948418,
-0.0928497388958931,
0.07065790891647339,
0.005335538648068905,
-0.026257971301674843,
0.035230282694101334,
-0.040147434920072556,
-0.05864086002111435,
0.04076820984482765,
0.024716554209589958,
0.0005379337235353887,
0.005488560535013676,
-0.020365070551633835,
0.09200441092252731,
0.07967881113290787,
0.021108489483594894,
0.018188148736953735,
0.05290564149618149,
0.001357559347525239,
0.009577961638569832,
0.022077124565839767,
-0.043679241091012955,
-0.027745746076107025,
-0.021100487560033798,
0.027161067351698875,
-0.046438880264759064,
-0.0293817687779665,
-0.04098474979400635,
0.03766282647848129,
-0.08713967353105545,
-0.060081955045461655,
0.049678754061460495,
-0.004410523921251297,
-0.057966314256191254,
-0.04572773724794388,
0.059724729508161545,
-0.07265638560056686,
0.03625108301639557,
-0.013032014481723309,
0.06584858894348145,
-0.03944122791290283,
0.010886769741773605,
0.025014977902173996,
-0.0009786857990548015,
-0.0142431128770113,
-0.0035964781418442726,
-0.059261731803417206,
-0.04199957102537155,
-0.023694757372140884,
0.03367706760764122,
-0.05463172495365143,
0.02007403038442135,
-0.04022650420665741,
0.022063972428441048,
-0.031550243496894836,
-0.014968585222959518,
0.017204349860548973,
-0.008841038681566715,
-0.018159285187721252,
-0.0461791567504406,
-0.05072380602359772,
0.02793816104531288,
0.07939194142818451,
-0.02494147978723049,
-0.01705547608435154,
-0.026769673451781273,
0.021777264773845673,
-0.02436692826449871,
0.05764495208859444,
-0.06417214125394821,
0.00870481040328741,
0.05397506803274155,
-0.019330890849232674,
-0.013185711577534676,
-0.012938406318426132,
0.02477939799427986,
-0.04414220526814461,
-0.08493093401193619,
-0.06445417553186417,
-0.0034528777468949556,
-0.01101500540971756,
-0.04324846714735031,
-0.010902708396315575,
0.03134018927812576,
-0.011238006874918938,
-0.002323030261322856,
0.0432719923555851,
0.04465916007757187,
0.005063235759735107,
0.026253778487443924,
-0.003531874157488346,
0.03841543570160866,
-0.024396635591983795,
0.014330741949379444,
0.055525097995996475,
-0.0351000651717186,
-0.03627128526568413,
0.036957353353500366,
0.061619970947504044,
-0.019244717434048653,
-0.07676514238119125,
0.048239998519420624,
-0.032382115721702576,
0.01523569319397211,
0.04119788855314255,
0.0059037222526967525,
0.04228067770600319,
-0.01274078618735075,
-0.04338309168815613,
-0.3229241669178009,
-0.05419174209237099,
0.03397863358259201,
-0.03425365686416626,
0.02751549705862999,
-0.04730115085840225,
-0.026243101805448532,
-0.055709902197122574,
-0.0035254282411187887,
-0.06364770978689194,
0.028297092765569687,
0.07548952102661133,
-0.0027972303796559572,
-0.03200221434235573,
0.010424429550766945,
0.06453323364257812,
0.03828620910644531,
-0.03159765526652336,
0.0391104593873024,
-0.009816613979637623,
-0.015459408052265644,
-0.002971069421619177,
-0.07629133015871048,
-0.015209177508950233,
0.03948010876774788,
0.03387030214071274,
0.11774362623691559,
0.017571641132235527,
-0.022894185036420822,
-0.07190043479204178,
0.012352417223155499,
0.08748732507228851,
-0.021961288526654243,
-0.10329949110746384,
0.04723433405160904,
-0.03376388177275658,
0.07516726851463318,
-0.005692342761904001,
-0.0030463137663900852,
-0.014615537598729134,
-0.06680931150913239,
0.006715202238410711,
0.020947735756635666,
-0.014956844970583916,
-0.05504174530506134,
-0.0014551852364093065,
0.02055453509092331,
0.049008049070835114,
0.020259538665413857,
0.03384716808795929,
0.012391426600515842,
0.05990283563733101,
-0.0020782416686415672,
0.0038053784519433975,
0.00497090071439743,
0.012290485203266144,
-0.06661025434732437,
0.009906481951475143,
-0.0009996092412620783,
-0.01703854277729988,
0.035728368908166885,
0.014827483333647251,
0.013468555174767971,
-0.00412701815366745,
-0.013585077598690987,
-0.014699814841151237,
0.019433679059147835,
-0.0224030539393425,
0.06296080350875854,
0.027683990076184273,
0.015538680367171764,
0.13512147963047028,
-0.025844138115644455,
0.00987078994512558,
0.03729903697967529,
0.005676358472555876,
-0.02054096758365631,
-0.025850342586636543,
-0.054261501878499985,
0.04372858628630638,
-0.02054928056895733,
0.0013758348068222404,
-0.02452131360769272,
0.04328771308064461,
-0.07596901804208755,
-0.020440420135855675,
0.0038236891850829124,
0.010152402333915234,
0.0676037073135376,
0.006035081576555967,
-0.020905274897813797,
0.028330346569418907,
0.0128482012078166,
-0.05667959153652191,
0.038824014365673065,
0.05906236171722412,
-0.23739756643772125,
-0.008585588075220585,
0.06408955156803131,
-0.001118329120799899,
0.02647627331316471,
-0.049331627786159515,
0.012915587052702904,
-0.031787410378456116,
-0.08023887872695923,
0.008601977489888668,
-0.04363523796200752,
0.022942539304494858,
0.07292818278074265,
0.020480884239077568,
-0.04237446188926697,
-0.01917085610330105,
0.014566480182111263,
0.015138328075408936,
0.023817675188183784,
-0.056926727294921875,
-0.038767509162425995,
0.008908325806260109,
0.15298180282115936,
0.0161784328520298,
-0.023019464686512947,
0.05290769413113594,
0.03187044337391853,
0.04406655579805374,
-0.015862172469496727,
0.013181501068174839,
-0.04687299579381943,
-0.030352385714650154,
0.0680522620677948,
-0.01848016120493412,
0.07010671496391296,
0.035151563584804535,
-0.07881196588277817,
0.03869201987981796,
0.03473805636167526,
0.05771414563059807,
-0.05873110517859459,
0.06882152706384659,
-0.05608479678630829,
0.021654469892382622,
0.06566143035888672,
-0.0674605444073677,
-0.05939522758126259,
-0.02086455747485161,
-0.04208965227007866,
0.050818514078855515,
-0.038760509341955185,
-0.029920535162091255,
0.02497086301445961,
0.04584532976150513,
0.00904644001275301,
-0.014941004104912281,
-0.02387915551662445,
0.008595051243901253,
-0.008064839988946915,
-0.015839271247386932,
-0.005097753368318081,
-0.006482359487563372,
0.007193251978605986,
0.08626598864793777,
0.02152315340936184
] |
PMID:6717 | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and (external) spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig. | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig were studied in vitro to determine their suitability as pharmacological test models. The preparation was contracted by acetylcholine, carbachol, succinylcholine and decamethonium (pD2 values, 4-2, 5-3, 7-3 and 7-4, respectively) through an action on a curare-sensitive cholinoceptor. Lobeline and DMPP were ineffective. Nicotine contracted the muscle, but there was tachyphylaxis. Tubocurarine and hexamethonium presumably competitively antagonized acetylcholine (pA2 values, 7-3 and 5-8); lobeline was a non-competitive antagonist (pD'2 value, 6-4). Atropine and mecamylamine exerted a dualistic action against acetylcholine (final pD'2 values, 5-3 and 6-7, respectively). Tubocurarine, succinylcholine and decamethonium exhibited their typical action when tested with spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation; the latter two drugs also produced muscle spasm. Hexamethonium was a weak blocker of neuromuscular transmission. Atropine, mecamylamine, lobeline and DMPP exhibited neuromuscular blocking activity; however, directly evoked muscle twitches were also notably affected. The cremaster muscle preparations seem to add usefully to the list of currently used in vitro tests, with the added advantage that a mammalian skeletal muscle model is used for simultaneous quantitative studies. | The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and (external) spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig. The isolated cremaster muscle preparation and spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation of the guinea-pig were studied in vitro to determine their suitability as pharmacological test models. The preparation was contracted by acetylcholine, carbachol, succinylcholine and decamethonium (pD2 values, 4-2, 5-3, 7-3 and 7-4, respectively) through an action on a curare-sensitive cholinoceptor. Lobeline and DMPP were ineffective. Nicotine contracted the muscle, but there was tachyphylaxis. Tubocurarine and hexamethonium presumably competitively antagonized acetylcholine (pA2 values, 7-3 and 5-8); lobeline was a non-competitive antagonist (pD'2 value, 6-4). Atropine and mecamylamine exerted a dualistic action against acetylcholine (final pD'2 values, 5-3 and 6-7, respectively). Tubocurarine, succinylcholine and decamethonium exhibited their typical action when tested with spermatic nerve-cremaster muscle preparation; the latter two drugs also produced muscle spasm. Hexamethonium was a weak blocker of neuromuscular transmission. Atropine, mecamylamine, lobeline and DMPP exhibited neuromuscular blocking activity; however, directly evoked muscle twitches were also notably affected. The cremaster muscle preparations seem to add usefully to the list of currently used in vitro tests, with the added advantage that a mammalian skeletal muscle model is used for simultaneous quantitative studies. | [
-0.032348860055208206,
-0.026075830683112144,
-0.004208587110042572,
-0.011618894524872303,
-0.019032420590519905,
0.04386791214346886,
0.045992229133844376,
0.0463961698114872,
-0.08228245377540588,
-0.021413691341876984,
0.008883154951035976,
-0.018700309097766876,
-0.06382185220718384,
0.02796134352684021,
0.036440659314394,
-0.020408904179930687,
0.01027084793895483,
-0.006208271253854036,
-0.04693542793393135,
0.011522960849106312,
-0.0010852139675989747,
0.02000829391181469,
-0.01316562108695507,
-0.016479745507240295,
0.01279984787106514,
-0.017595915123820305,
0.026816824451088905,
-0.014547683298587799,
-0.02240622043609619,
-0.19074764847755432,
-0.009638884104788303,
-0.025211960077285767,
-0.04853973165154457,
-0.05197801813483238,
0.010869678109884262,
-0.03929805010557175,
-0.001776025048457086,
0.012738891877233982,
-0.03871190547943115,
0.006695871707051992,
0.06582114845514297,
0.02922852151095867,
-0.016741538420319557,
0.019935188814997673,
0.027109146118164062,
0.024911751970648766,
0.04030603915452957,
-0.05634010583162308,
0.12535475194454193,
0.00484843272715807,
0.020357463508844376,
0.0031075167935341597,
0.05100531876087189,
0.00936119630932808,
0.017326094210147858,
-0.04081772267818451,
-0.017126822844147682,
0.022028548642992973,
-0.0003663291863631457,
0.005662194453179836,
-0.002239886438474059,
0.050972308963537216,
-0.1462073028087616,
0.049578845500946045,
0.022762201726436615,
0.001642450108192861,
-0.028579678386449814,
0.00598111329600215,
0.050128959119319916,
0.06975608319044113,
-0.011368239298462868,
0.0026898859068751335,
0.045115768909454346,
0.014325981959700584,
-0.044954605400562286,
-0.028627067804336548,
0.012257358990609646,
-0.03383152559399605,
-0.005631987005472183,
-0.0008592882659286261,
-0.031038500368595123,
0.008950729854404926,
-0.0010752963135018945,
-0.06456796824932098,
-0.02385558746755123,
0.02095254696905613,
0.060863569378852844,
-0.008470466360449791,
-0.02211000770330429,
-0.010416529141366482,
0.02112080156803131,
-0.06293714046478271,
0.0033039716072380543,
-0.003075747285038233,
-0.07064443081617355,
0.0458182692527771,
-0.023803982883691788,
0.009517394937574863,
-0.04613315314054489,
0.38740384578704834,
0.004225363489240408,
-0.037592943757772446,
-0.05407370999455452,
0.001689815428107977,
0.006972610484808683,
0.005237125791609287,
-0.04093604162335396,
0.035856761038303375,
-0.03472001478075981,
0.09518031775951385,
0.0907672867178917,
0.005101301707327366,
0.013818405568599701,
-0.01615210436284542,
-0.057843759655952454,
-0.014193747192621231,
0.05938290059566498,
-0.0054633221589028835,
0.013796089217066765,
0.030487120151519775,
0.011788452975451946,
-0.03762984275817871,
0.04981749504804611,
-0.03427097946405411,
0.052003759890794754,
-0.03627647086977959,
-0.05177679285407066,
0.09723755717277527,
0.03562334552407265,
-0.02904575690627098,
0.08484251797199249,
0.029130976647138596,
-0.0015161199262365699,
0.015134450048208237,
0.005681254900991917,
-0.04501594975590706,
0.053749967366456985,
-0.015767274424433708,
-0.025729697197675705,
-0.03925766423344612,
-0.03217383101582527,
-0.07808380573987961,
-0.034208085387945175,
-0.04278811439871788,
-0.09784110635519028,
0.06286956369876862,
0.02757493034005165,
-0.014931795187294483,
-0.03615058958530426,
0.03375765308737755,
0.03126050904393196,
0.02215680293738842,
-0.004881576169282198,
0.01887347362935543,
-0.019102035090327263,
0.04491353780031204,
-0.004118789918720722,
0.021344058215618134,
0.010853825137019157,
0.044351767748594284,
-0.05161120370030403,
-0.03174315020442009,
-0.03399521857500076,
0.0513744056224823,
0.017785368487238884,
-0.05824259668588638,
-0.023221194744110107,
0.06398750841617584,
0.010618031024932861,
-0.03474598377943039,
-0.01666000857949257,
-0.021993296220898628,
-0.02194966934621334,
0.019985342398285866,
-0.0297439843416214,
-0.0066648139618337154,
0.028856737539172173,
-0.04494467377662659,
0.051200758665800095,
0.01813647709786892,
0.041292719542980194,
-0.017019663006067276,
0.005825365427881479,
-0.05258980393409729,
0.02503538504242897,
0.07289187610149384,
-0.07294033467769623,
-0.03535555303096771,
0.029744237661361694,
0.049496520310640335,
-0.027324575930833817,
0.005713350139558315,
-0.047799766063690186,
0.008379561826586723,
-0.0447562076151371,
-0.021217085421085358,
-0.009967251680791378,
0.005816720891743898,
-0.05967402085661888,
-0.03696189820766449,
0.07910987734794617,
0.0112765496596694,
0.01789158210158348,
0.04639280587434769,
0.013269578106701374,
0.07008901983499527,
0.0161515474319458,
-0.01180359348654747,
0.07646234333515167,
0.019245481118559837,
-0.04141911119222641,
0.02347247116267681,
0.04523685947060585,
-0.06681236624717712,
-0.0502532534301281,
0.0903434008359909,
-0.0077339462004601955,
-0.012060347944498062,
0.07151643931865692,
0.013498273678123951,
0.016819218173623085,
0.0029631967190653086,
0.04543571546673775,
-0.3051520884037018,
-0.001000358839519322,
0.022942068055272102,
-0.028209971264004707,
0.10090093314647675,
-0.014694617129862309,
0.02008044347167015,
-0.035397931933403015,
0.019467487931251526,
-0.06916754692792892,
0.074824258685112,
0.052453890442848206,
-0.06083795055747032,
-0.013125750236213207,
-0.03639070689678192,
0.0759023129940033,
0.03996409848332405,
-0.046013183891773224,
0.004416925832629204,
0.03197799250483513,
0.02939879335463047,
-0.030561037361621857,
-0.04582976922392845,
0.051040779799222946,
0.021961921826004982,
-0.030150579288601875,
0.10446654260158539,
0.018018603324890137,
0.017310723662376404,
-0.026997409760951996,
0.0045052398927509785,
0.04189738631248474,
-0.024797983467578888,
-0.094110406935215,
-0.040910057723522186,
0.023602670058608055,
0.011337647214531898,
-0.027218230068683624,
0.06917625665664673,
-0.008887814357876778,
-0.08024358749389648,
0.033156558871269226,
0.014922752045094967,
-0.05091585963964462,
-0.029709259048104286,
-0.0009634976158849895,
-0.07064471393823624,
-0.008641203865408897,
-0.023108964785933495,
-0.005296035204082727,
0.08782083541154861,
0.038831643760204315,
-0.004428618121892214,
-0.05652043968439102,
-0.06087302789092064,
-0.03414216265082359,
-0.07785747200250626,
-0.018500808626413345,
-0.05756878852844238,
-0.02113739214837551,
0.0519774854183197,
-0.043007586151361465,
0.011248225346207619,
-0.0459599643945694,
-0.02196565270423889,
-0.019802063703536987,
0.06556525081396103,
-0.018722718581557274,
0.03467020392417908,
-0.07419497519731522,
0.04383149370551109,
0.08913754671812057,
-0.0006699614459648728,
0.038738612085580826,
0.04743238165974617,
0.010701208375394344,
-0.028386246412992477,
-0.0013539933133870363,
-0.0947483479976654,
0.05036081001162529,
0.016110606491565704,
0.032401856034994125,
0.033730778843164444,
-0.030614763498306274,
-0.06691143661737442,
0.0024753278121352196,
0.009646127931773663,
-0.02107768878340721,
0.08848491311073303,
-0.003838917938992381,
0.016259150579571724,
0.020880788564682007,
-0.05186785012483597,
0.008937348611652851,
0.018481574952602386,
-0.00022248672030400485,
-0.3033885955810547,
0.02361864410340786,
0.049104176461696625,
0.007487931754440069,
-0.04191427305340767,
0.02656022645533085,
0.008338418789207935,
-0.01777137815952301,
-0.05678847059607506,
0.009566852822899818,
0.036982327699661255,
0.018762284889817238,
0.033165186643600464,
0.03606465458869934,
-0.03436409309506416,
0.04941414296627045,
0.05554306507110596,
-0.034651145339012146,
0.02787640318274498,
-0.04408528655767441,
0.022352181375026703,
-0.04461842402815819,
0.1336827576160431,
0.02318704128265381,
-0.014204003848135471,
0.06092983856797218,
0.023630203679203987,
0.01980092003941536,
0.0007135479827411473,
0.026921890676021576,
-0.018911954015493393,
-0.025289291515946388,
0.04943390190601349,
-0.01907007209956646,
0.018044453114271164,
0.012860623188316822,
-0.05858829617500305,
0.05904367193579674,
-0.0011898374650627375,
-0.014922683127224445,
-0.05891018733382225,
0.025618096813559532,
-0.025648435577750206,
-0.0350915752351284,
0.043541405349969864,
-0.011299309320747852,
-0.022164342924952507,
-0.020519759505987167,
0.02809326909482479,
0.016612274572253227,
0.00011666193313430995,
-0.04495485872030258,
-0.009784810245037079,
0.047221019864082336,
0.007597019895911217,
-0.02586560882627964,
0.054139818996191025,
-0.03433997184038162,
0.007028754334896803,
0.013337121345102787,
0.01549482624977827,
-0.021302344277501106,
-0.00782935693860054,
0.06644769757986069,
0.02803928032517433
] |
PMID:6718 | Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the biphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs. | ATP, at a dose higher than 0-1 mug m1(-1), showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The pattern of this biphasic response to ATP varied with the level of basal tone of the preparation at the moment of application of ATP. A smiliar biphasic action was obtained by prostaglandin (PG) E2 among the various active substances studied including acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines and various types of PG. Indomethacin (0-1 mug m1(-1) and aspirin (30 mug m1(-1)) completely abolished the ATP-induced inhibitory response observed in the presence of histamine (10 muM). Polyphloretin phosphate (100 mug m1(-1)) also significantly depressed the inhibitory response to ATP or PGE2. It is concluded that the response to ATP of the preparation is mediated by PGE2 released via the stimulation of its biosynthesis. | Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the biphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs. ATP, at a dose higher than 0-1 mug m1(-1), showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The pattern of this biphasic response to ATP varied with the level of basal tone of the preparation at the moment of application of ATP. A smiliar biphasic action was obtained by prostaglandin (PG) E2 among the various active substances studied including acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines and various types of PG. Indomethacin (0-1 mug m1(-1) and aspirin (30 mug m1(-1)) completely abolished the ATP-induced inhibitory response observed in the presence of histamine (10 muM). Polyphloretin phosphate (100 mug m1(-1)) also significantly depressed the inhibitory response to ATP or PGE2. It is concluded that the response to ATP of the preparation is mediated by PGE2 released via the stimulation of its biosynthesis. | [
-0.0761919915676117,
0.018214380368590355,
0.022807374596595764,
-0.005035458132624626,
-0.021488208323717117,
-0.017811311408877373,
0.06821449846029282,
0.04756922647356987,
-0.04347847402095795,
-0.01686074770987034,
0.028827449306845665,
-0.08149909973144531,
-0.010020243003964424,
0.0070186457596719265,
-0.0005564712919294834,
0.001354865962639451,
0.034358274191617966,
-0.008865831419825554,
-0.09778261184692383,
0.020223194733262062,
-0.05243143066763878,
-0.005902423989027739,
0.018241794779896736,
-0.07168398797512054,
0.007186469156295061,
0.005381484050303698,
0.016043713316321373,
0.018530968576669693,
-0.029882032424211502,
-0.1830156445503235,
0.016889922320842743,
-0.022474877536296844,
0.020708659663796425,
-0.030665213242173195,
-0.0073667243123054504,
-0.0006925371126271784,
-0.06544982641935349,
0.011762063950300217,
-0.019976265728473663,
0.06406500935554504,
0.03293614462018013,
0.017409371212124825,
0.02275916188955307,
0.06756683439016342,
0.030442988499999046,
0.004513475578278303,
0.0007374240085482597,
-0.014600708149373531,
0.09269501268863678,
-0.03959846496582031,
0.05851087346673012,
0.004470521584153175,
-0.012814391404390335,
0.02013116329908371,
-0.005536139942705631,
-0.03005143813788891,
0.000419205374782905,
0.05704563111066818,
-0.014508385211229324,
0.0039550806395709515,
-0.0018804855644702911,
0.03887142241001129,
-0.14339827001094818,
0.09633684903383255,
0.037373702973127365,
0.0046510412357747555,
0.04271718114614487,
-0.00041093668551184237,
0.042028676718473434,
0.05863884836435318,
-0.04918169602751732,
0.04451660439372063,
-0.025749392807483673,
-0.015436634421348572,
-0.0268259160220623,
0.0005201526801101863,
-0.00897090695798397,
0.011813061311841011,
0.08252128213644028,
0.04259093478322029,
-0.009814146906137466,
0.016914060339331627,
-0.029438111931085587,
-0.031845610588788986,
-0.06376203149557114,
-0.0015727307181805372,
0.05089608579874039,
-0.026090087369084358,
0.012554791755974293,
-0.022347664460539818,
-0.012558767572045326,
0.000004494975200941553,
-0.03924032300710678,
-0.01901373825967312,
-0.05464324355125427,
0.04908958822488785,
-0.02506253309547901,
0.035227835178375244,
-0.012467456981539726,
0.350408136844635,
-0.03692431375384331,
0.010538844391703606,
-0.01076449267566204,
-0.01311925146728754,
0.028578637167811394,
-0.02635071612894535,
-0.01950506493449211,
-0.01232561282813549,
-0.044575732201337814,
0.02983524464070797,
0.02784673124551773,
-0.0261499285697937,
0.026818880811333656,
-0.019454436376690865,
-0.00032211560755968094,
0.014766634441912174,
0.042317021638154984,
-0.009624128229916096,
-0.030809110030531883,
-0.014385517686605453,
-0.02464986965060234,
-0.03246253728866577,
0.0583052933216095,
-0.0038749431259930134,
0.0018844928126782179,
-0.0073495362885296345,
-0.055179670453071594,
0.05871696025133133,
0.07318087667226791,
-0.028011076152324677,
0.044190894812345505,
0.03428523242473602,
-0.013552299700677395,
0.016146518290042877,
0.023233085870742798,
-0.0656169205904007,
0.05444939061999321,
-0.01796601712703705,
0.03461487218737602,
0.0030809661839157343,
0.005484486930072308,
-0.07107143104076385,
-0.014488348737359047,
-0.0971725583076477,
-0.08353255689144135,
0.13911934196949005,
0.04619655758142471,
0.0010171482572332025,
-0.05914987623691559,
0.03264658525586128,
0.0002999089192599058,
0.04138452559709549,
-0.02330656349658966,
0.02365567721426487,
-0.031091727316379547,
0.03370140865445137,
-0.007458044681698084,
0.013692113570868969,
0.05668364837765694,
-0.045196715742349625,
-0.10398697108030319,
-0.00729740783572197,
0.010727631859481335,
0.032230086624622345,
0.043286219239234924,
-0.004736282862722874,
-0.029916854575276375,
0.019322125241160393,
0.024334698915481567,
0.019424505531787872,
-0.02464764565229416,
0.021388914436101913,
-0.026554113253951073,
-0.053504329174757004,
-0.03813278675079346,
0.02750219963490963,
0.027011839672923088,
0.001051222556270659,
0.08300185948610306,
-0.016413068398833275,
0.026282211765646935,
-0.01929602585732937,
0.016188427805900574,
-0.014115174300968647,
-0.009263468906283379,
0.03141884505748749,
-0.057229164987802505,
0.02846098318696022,
-0.01361098513007164,
0.06881438940763474,
-0.032696157693862915,
-0.020740622654557228,
-0.08087500929832458,
0.027829382568597794,
-0.027871670201420784,
-0.06489884108304977,
-0.038035038858652115,
-0.024253714829683304,
-0.03204861655831337,
-0.024676775559782982,
0.09785187989473343,
0.00992704275995493,
0.0045272777788341045,
0.08562114834785461,
-0.008525746874511242,
0.028960302472114563,
-0.01109022181481123,
0.033354707062244415,
0.05779131501913071,
0.016862383112311363,
-0.017688889056444168,
-0.02019079402089119,
-0.007939381524920464,
0.00022241511032916605,
-0.0628291666507721,
0.017001919448375702,
-0.05643177404999733,
0.013865801505744457,
0.06322062015533447,
-0.01057564839720726,
0.005498120561242104,
-0.027675896883010864,
-0.017049970105290413,
-0.3029898405075073,
-0.015075339004397392,
0.0278201624751091,
-0.011994474567472935,
0.10096842795610428,
0.01491757296025753,
0.008437949232757092,
-0.003939918242394924,
0.01234552264213562,
-0.048640571534633636,
0.031548332422971725,
0.09207691997289658,
-0.06983204931020737,
0.027689963579177856,
-0.001747128670103848,
0.05483364686369896,
0.0054575297981500626,
-0.02072896622121334,
0.02996072731912136,
-0.0016951747238636017,
0.0359698161482811,
-0.03732612356543541,
-0.051027506589889526,
0.010755633004009724,
0.06010545417666435,
0.034411754459142685,
0.0966407060623169,
-0.0020663694012910128,
-0.011870261281728745,
-0.03626624867320061,
0.015754709020256996,
0.039924122393131256,
-0.014350258745253086,
-0.0662592351436615,
0.01912294700741768,
-0.012852441519498825,
0.023608526214957237,
0.03413020446896553,
0.02137635089457035,
-0.01818973943591118,
-0.03173424303531647,
0.0068287416361272335,
-0.013830145820975304,
-0.009353979490697384,
-0.06074905022978783,
-0.029281053692102432,
0.03181285783648491,
0.042456917464733124,
-0.03334333747625351,
-0.08948472887277603,
0.05525858700275421,
0.03232986107468605,
0.004355404060333967,
-0.05318707972764969,
0.010179045610129833,
-0.014936750754714012,
-0.002127292100340128,
-0.012171323411166668,
-0.0689980611205101,
-0.021536964923143387,
-0.003804838517680764,
0.045026615262031555,
0.029705757275223732,
-0.025037601590156555,
-0.0770731195807457,
0.02876080572605133,
0.04099302366375923,
-0.029812265187501907,
0.01406896486878395,
-0.03051379695534706,
0.054054006934165955,
0.13987568020820618,
-0.03930368646979332,
-0.004685636144131422,
0.03253903612494469,
0.04636053368449211,
0.02039412222802639,
-0.027853138744831085,
-0.07465185225009918,
0.0331663079559803,
0.0018134677084162831,
-0.04831896722316742,
0.08276719599962234,
-0.022407712414860725,
-0.054302725940942764,
0.015325700864195824,
-0.018445957452058792,
-0.05206254497170448,
0.054674699902534485,
-0.022381994873285294,
-0.02871018275618553,
0.02859199233353138,
-0.030242085456848145,
-0.018528737127780914,
0.010616029612720013,
0.05562801659107208,
-0.26348552107810974,
0.009740768000483513,
0.05317150056362152,
0.004566070158034563,
-0.03451592102646828,
0.03830790892243385,
-0.004793464671820402,
-0.012094263918697834,
-0.08238965272903442,
-0.020477138459682465,
0.028392789885401726,
0.015034445561468601,
0.08002997189760208,
0.11709842085838318,
-0.05311867222189903,
0.016624754294753075,
0.08638976514339447,
-0.02189739979803562,
0.06430326402187347,
-0.02744388021528721,
-0.011639139614999294,
-0.09830885380506516,
0.1482355296611786,
0.054722510278224945,
0.022972434759140015,
-0.002732222666963935,
0.025306301191449165,
-0.0041159712709486485,
-0.029696298763155937,
0.03553806617856026,
-0.036021195352077484,
-0.0014809232670813799,
0.07379289716482162,
-0.09236998856067657,
-0.01482658926397562,
-0.00814706552773714,
-0.019629020243883133,
0.03757309541106224,
-0.009857180528342724,
-0.006007069256156683,
-0.027013016864657402,
-0.027116941288113594,
-0.02932269684970379,
-0.0410386361181736,
0.05319620296359062,
-0.09533616900444031,
-0.018629591912031174,
-0.07510659843683243,
0.016938768327236176,
0.03929072991013527,
0.016126053407788277,
-0.0583534836769104,
-0.0032022912055253983,
0.09189171344041824,
-0.028069742023944855,
-0.019178280606865883,
0.003413280239328742,
-0.02736862562596798,
0.03899114578962326,
0.05753851309418678,
-0.0186886228621006,
-0.022350216284394264,
-0.013564084656536579,
0.08399227261543274,
0.046368278563022614
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.