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Castlegar Funeral Chapel would like to invite you to their 17th Annual Christmas Candlelight Service of Remembrance Christmas is a hard time of year for those who have lost a loved one. Come and join us for an evening of remembrance and light a candle in memory of your loved one. Everyone is welcome…. Read More »
Castlegar Funeral Chapel would like to invite you to their 16th Annual Christmas Candlelight Service of Remembrance Christmas is a hard time of year for those who have lost a loved one. Come and join us for an evening of remembrance and light a candle in memory of your… Read More »
This evening is for those who may be experiencing grief, a sense of loss or sadness. The holiday season is supposed to be a time of joy- but for some of us it is hard to feel that way. Please join us in a supportive atmosphere- with words of comfort and understanding. This is an… Read More »
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Mais acessadas de Refused
This Trust Will Kill Again
You knew what I was going to say. And when I didn't, I did anyway, it seems.And I'll survive with self-respect intact. And you?Every freedom needs a trust.And this trust will kill again for you. And someone else wont believe their eyes.While a thousand will believe it's true. This trust will kill again for you.Through tales of objectivity you shake my hands. All that objectivity could break them both.Cause whatever I say, context aside, you've got what you need to make sure I say what they want toread. It wont happen again, and I'll survive with self-respect intact.They're telling me I should have known better. Well now I know.All that objectivity. Nothing.
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Prana, Potluck, and Percussion Healing Circle for Blue Moon
Saturday, Sept 1st, 2012. Join us for an energizing evening of fun, fellowship and good food.
New Meet-up Group (The Healing Room) is holding its first gathering at a private residence.
This gathering will be extra powerful, in this “Blue Moon” month, beginning and ending with TWO Full Moons.
This is an opportunity for people of all descriptions to come together and help ease the tensions and stress from our daily lives, while focusing on stability, equilibrium, understanding, unconditional love and infinite expansiveness with rejuvenating, energizing, healing work on each other; pulling and anchoring in Universal Source Energy and good chi, combine it with celebratory sounds of Harmony and Healing to shift out of old energies.
Whether you are a professional healer, a seasoned meditator, a yogi, reiki master, just a dabbler or even completely new and intensely curious about healing work, maybe you have a particular issue that you would like to “move out” of your energy field, then this evening is meant just for you.
No experience necessary. This is NOT a class or workshop, merely a FREE fun and rejuvenating evening of sharing, healing and fellowship! (No pets or children please).
Please bring a dish of Healthy food to share. Potluck begins at 6pm and the healing circle begins promptly at 7pm. (The door will be locked at 7pm to ensure a sacred safe space). More details regarding location etc on meetup.
When
Saturday, Sept 1st
6pm – 9pm
Where
South East Austin Private Residence
Cost
Free
More Information
To learn more or RSVP send an email directly to [email protected]
or check us out on http://www.meetup.com/the-healing-room/
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What Our Clients Say!
Thank you so much Julia. I have been a fan on your page on Facebook for quite a long time now :) and before using your advertising last October, had been on your site / newsletter list frequently. I appreciate your help!
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Access in-depth special reports dedicated to key trends and developments affecting the Cards sector globally. All reports are editorially independent and designed to provide unique insight.
Company & Market profiles, Exclusive interviews, Opinion pieces and Data can be found exclusively for Subscribers
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Axis Bank rolls out new debit card with enhanced security features
Indian private sector bank Axis Bank has introduced a new EMV chip based debit card called Secure+ that offers enhanced security features such as fraud protection and wallet protection.
The card will safeguard the customers’ wallet by blocking Axis Bank cards as well as other bank cards held by the customers in their wallet via a single phone call.
Also, the card can be switched off by using a mobile phone application or Internet banking gateway or through the phone-banking application.
Available at INR300 per year, the new debit card provides emergency assistance and covers hotel and flight expenses in case of loss of tickets and wallet in addition to offering an enhanced personal accident insurance limit of INR500,000.
The card’s fraud protection feature will protect and insure customers from phishing, pin authenticated fraud transactions or any other fraudulent activities. The service covers disputed transactions of up to INR75,000 for customers.
Additionally, the bank has rolled out a new platform Total Control platform that allows debit card customers to self-manage and customize their card features via internet banking, mobile banking, ATM and the phone banking IVR.
The platform enables customers to change limits, select between domestic or international usage, switch on or off card and even replace the card. It will act as a control pad for customers to manage card features and boost the level of security while transacting through various banking channels.
Axis Bank president and head – retail lending and payments Jairam Sridharan said: "It combines chip security, wallet security, fraud protection and travel assistance – all in one card. Our ‘Total Control’ platform allows customers to manage, control and customize all features of this card.
"Our internal surveys show that customers are worried of security aspect, and that’s why they are hesitant to use debit cards for purchases."
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Horton
By Descendant line .G1.
1generation
1 child 1 ....G1.2generation
1, child 2 & so on.....G2.1generation
2 child 1 .....G2.2generation
2 child 2 & so on.......this is
the key to the generation line the lower number above is that
generations Parents. To
follow Descendent line, click on Surname "NOTE" If this
symbol is presentH. click
on their christian name to go to their history page.
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B01D46/0045—Filters, i.e. particle separators or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices for feeding by using vanes
B01D46/0047—Filters, i.e. particle separators or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices for discharging the filtered gas
Abstract
The present teachings provide for a housing for a panel filter, the housing including a main body, a plurality of first vanes, and a plurality of second vanes. The main body can define a chamber and a central aperture. The central aperture can extend through the main body and can be in fluid communication with the chamber. The plurality of first vanes can be disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each first vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a first distance. The plurality of second vanes can be disposed within the chamber and can be circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each second vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a second distance that is less than the first distance.
Description
FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a filter housing having vanes for filter optimization.
BACKGROUND
This section provides background information related to the present disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.
Devices that use air for operations typically include an air filtration system to filter intake air before the intake air enters the device. For example, engines typically include an air filtration system to filter dust and debris out of intake air before the intake air reaches the combustion chamber of the engine. Similarly, heating, cooling, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) systems typically include an air filtration system to filter dust and debris out of intake air before the intake air reaches other elements of the HVAC system (e.g. a blower, evaporator, or heater).
Air filtration systems typically include a housing and a filter disposed within the housing. The filter can be a panel type filter that includes a filter element, which is typically constructed of a corrugated or accordion-shaped, porous material (e.g. paper, fiber, foam), and typically has an overall rectangular or square shape. Filter housings that are designed for square or rectangular panel filters typically draw intake air through the filter element and through an aperture or conduit that is downstream of the filter element and has a smaller flow area than the panel filter. The panel filter is supported within the housing such that intake air must pass through the filter element before entering the aperture. The aperture is typically aligned with the center of the filter element and is configured to direct air to the other components of the air filtration system.
Under typical initial operating conditions, more intake air travels through the portion of the filter element aligned with the aperture (e.g. the center of the filter element). Over time, dust and debris can build up on the central portion of the filter element, while significantly less dust and debris builds up around perimeter areas of the filter element. This uneven distribution of dust and debris can lead to less efficient use of the panel filter and can result in replacement of the filter before the entire filter element is used.
SUMMARY
This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.
The present teachings provide for a housing for a panel filter, the housing including a main body, a plurality of first vanes, and a plurality of second vanes. The main body can define a chamber and a central aperture. The central aperture can extend through the main body and can be in fluid communication with the chamber. The plurality of first vanes can be disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each first vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a first distance. The plurality of second vanes can be disposed within the chamber and can be circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each second vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a second distance that is less than the first distance.
The present teachings further provide for a housing for a panel filter, the housing including a main body, a plurality of first vanes, and a plurality of second vanes. The main body can include a plurality of side walls and a bottom wall. The side and bottom walls can define a chamber. The bottom wall can define a central aperture that extends through the main body and is in fluid communication with the chamber. The plurality of first vanes can be disposed within the chamber and can be circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each first vane can extend radially inward from the side walls to the central aperture. The plurality of second vanes can be disposed circumferentially between a pair of the first vanes. The second vanes can extend radially outward from the central aperture and can terminate radially inward of the side walls.
The present teachings further provide for an HVAC assembly including a housing, a filter, and a blower unit. The housing can define a first chamber, a second chamber, and a central aperture that can fluidly couple the first and second chambers. The housing can include a plurality of first vanes that can be disposed within the first chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each first vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a first distance. The plurality of second vanes can be disposed within the first chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture. Each second vane can extend radially outward from the central aperture a second distance that is less than the first distance. The filter can be disposed within the housing and upstream of the first chamber. The blower unit can include a fan and an electric motor. The fan can be disposed within the housing and downstream of the central aperture. The electric motor can be drivingly coupled to the fan. The blower unit can be configured to draw air through the filter and into the second chamber.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
DRAWINGS
The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a representative vehicle including a plurality of air intake devices in accordance with the present teachings;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of one of the air intake devices of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the air intake device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the portion of the intake device of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a portion of the air intake device of FIG. 2.
Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present teachings are directed to an air intake device having a rectangular panel filter and a housing. The housing includes a plurality of vanes that support the filter above an aperture within the housing. The aperture has a flow area that is less than the flow area of the panel filter. The vanes promote more even flow across the entire area of the panel filter.
With specific reference to FIG. 1, an air intake device 10 of a representative vehicle 14 is illustrated. It is understood that the air intake device 10 can be used in other applications where intake air is drawn through a panel filter besides vehicles. The air intake device 10 can be any suitable type of air intake device and can include a housing 18, a panel filter 22, an inlet 26 and an outlet 30. For example, the air intake device 10 can be a heating, cooling, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system of the vehicle 14. In such an example, the air intake device 10 can draw intake air, through the inlet 26, from inside (e.g. air 34) and/or outside (e.g. air 38) of the vehicle 14. The air can flow through the panel filter 22 to trap debris (e.g. dust, dirt, allergens, particulate matter). The air intake device 10 can then heat, cool, and/or otherwise condition the filtered air. The air can then flow from the outlet 270 to a passenger compartment 42 of the vehicle 14.
In another example, the air intake device 10 can be a power plant (e.g. internal combustion engine) of the vehicle 14. In such an example, the air intake device 10 can draw intake air, through the inlet 26, from outside (e.g. air 38) the vehicle 14. The air can flow through the panel filter 22 to trap debris (e.g. dust, dirt, allergens, particulate matter). The intake device 10 can then use the filtered air to generate propulsive power (e.g. through internal combustion). In such an example, the outlet 270 (i.e. exhaust) does not expel the used air into the passenger compartment 42, but instead can expel the combustion products back outside (e.g. air 46) the vehicle 14.
With reference to FIGS. 2-5, an example of one type of the air intake device 10 of FIG. 1 is illustrated in greater detail and indicated by reference numeral 210. In the example provided, the air intake device 210 is an HVAC system and can operate as generally described above with reference to the air intake device 10 of FIG. 1. More specifically, the air intake device 210 can include a panel filter 214, a housing 218, and a blower unit 222.
The panel filter 214 can be any suitable shaped panel filter. In the example provided, the panel filter 214 has an outer perimeter 234 that is a generally rectangular shape, though the panel filter 214 can be square or another suitable shape (e.g. elliptical, polygonal). The panel filter 214 can include a filter element 238 formed of any suitable material (e.g. paper, fibers, foam) such that air can pass through the filter element 238 and the filter element 238 can trap debris to prevent debris from passing through the panel filter 214. In the example provided, the filter element 238 has a generally accordion shaped or corrugated construction, though other configurations can be used. The filter element 238 can have an upstream side 242 and a downstream side 246 and the distance between the upstream and downstream sides 242, 246 can be less than the distance between opposite sides of the outer perimeter 234. In other words, the thickness of the filter element 238 can be less than the length and height of the filter element 238 such that the filter element 238 generally has a panel shape.
The housing 218 can include a first shell 250, a second shell 254, and a cover 258. The first and second shells 250, 254 can mate together to define a blower chamber 262 and a flue 266. The flue 266 can fluidly couple the blower chamber 262 with an outlet 270 of the housing 218 which can be fluidly coupled to the passenger compartment of a vehicle (e.g. passenger compartment 42 of vehicle 14 shown in FIG. 1).
The outlet 270 can fluidly couple the flue 266 to a heater (not shown). The heater (not shown) can be configured such that the air flowing through the heater from the flue 266 can absorb heat from the heater (e.g. from a heating fluid or electric heating element in a conventional manner) to raise the temperature of the air before it is expelled to the passenger compartment (e.g. passenger compartment 42 of vehicle 14 shown in FIG. 1). The outlet 270 can also fluidly couple the flue 266 to an evaporator (not shown). The evaporator can be configured such that the air flowing through from the evaporator can expel heat to the evaporator e.g. to a cooling fluid in a conventional manner). A series of flues (not shown) and flue doors (not shown) can control the amount of air that flows from the outlet 270, to the evaporator and/or the heater before exiting to the passenger compartment (e.g. passenger compartment 42 of vehicle 14 shown in FIG. 1).
With specific reference to FIG. 4, the first shell 250 can include a perimeter wall 310 and a back wall 314 that define an air chamber 318. The first shell 250 can further include a plurality of vanes 322 disposed within the air chamber 318. The vanes 322 can be integrally formed with the first shell 250. The vanes 322 will be described in greater detail below. The perimeter wall 310 can define the perimeter of the air chamber 318 which can be generally rectangular having a longitudinal side 326 and a lateral side 330 that is shorter than the longitudinal side 326, though other configurations can be used (e.g. square, polygonal, circular, elliptical). The perimeter wall 310 can define an outer face 334 and can define one or more support lips 338 disposed about the perimeter of the air chamber 318 and recessed from the outer face 334. The shape of the outer perimeter 234 of the panel filter 214 can generally correspond to the shape of the perimeter wall 310 such that the panel filter 214 can be received within a portion of the perimeter wall 310, and such that the outer perimeter 234 of the panel filter 214 can be supported above the air chamber 318 by the support lips 338. The panel filter 214 can form a seal with the perimeter wall 310 and/or with the support lip 338.
The back wall 314 can generally separate the air chamber 318 from the blower chamber 262 and can define an aperture 342 that fluidly couples the air chamber 318 to the blower chamber 262. The aperture 342 can be smaller than (i.e. have a smaller area than) the air chamber 318. The aperture 342 can be a round aperture and can be located generally in the center of the back wall 314 and at the center of the air chamber 318 and blower chamber 262. In the example provided, the aperture 342 is centered about a flow axis 346 that extends through the center of the panel filter 214. It is appreciated that the aperture 342 can be other shapes besides round (e.g. square, rectangular, elliptical, polygonal) and can be located offset from the center of the back wall 314 or the center of the air or blower chambers 318, 262.
The cover 258 can include a cap 350 and a cover body 354 that defines a cover chamber 358 and one or more apertures 362 (which can be fluidly coupled to an inlet similar to inlet 26 of FIG. 1). The apertures 362 can fluidly couple the cover chamber 358 to the exterior of a vehicle (e.g. air 38 exterior of vehicle 14, shown in FIG. 1) and/or to the passenger compartment of the vehicle (e.g. air 34 within the passenger compartment 42, shown in FIG. 1). The cover body 354 can be configured to be mounted to the first shell 250 to oppose the outer face 334. The cover body 354 can be mounted to the first shell 250 with the panel filter 214 generally axially between the air chamber 318 and the cover chamber 358 such that the upstream side 242 of the filter element 238 faces the cover chamber 358 and the downstream side 246 faces the air chamber 318.
The cover body 354 can define a filter slot 366 that can be transverse to the flow axis 346 of the panel filter 214. The panel filter 214 can be received through the filter slot 366 to be positioned axially between the cover chamber 358 and the air chamber 318. In the example provided, the cover body 354 includes a set of shoulders 370 configured to prevent the panel filter 214 from moving axially away from the first shell 250. The cap 350 can be removably coupled to the cover body 354 and configured to close the filter slot 366 to prevent the panel filter 214 from being removed through the filter slot 366 when the cap 350 is attached to the cover body 354.
The blower unit 222 can be constructed in a conventional manner and can generally include a fan 374 and an electric motor 378. The fan 374 can be disposed within the blower chamber 262. The electric motor 378 can be drivingly coupled to the fan 374 to rotate the fan 374 within the blower chamber 262. The fan 374 can be configured to draw air through the cover chamber 358, filter element 238, air chamber 318, and aperture 342 and into the blower chamber 262 when rotated by the electric motor 378 (i.e. to flow in the direction indicated by arrow 382). The fan 374 can be configured to blow the air from the blower chamber 262 through the flues 266, and out the outlet 270 to the passenger compartment (e.g. passenger compartment 42 shown in FIG. 1).
With specific reference to FIG. 5, the plurality of vanes 322 can include a set of first vanes 410 and a set of second vanes 412. The plurality of vanes 322 can also include additional sets of vanes, such as sets of third through ninth vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426, though more or fewer sets of vanes can be used. The first through ninth sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426 can be circumferentially spaced about the aperture 342 and each of the vanes 322 can extend radially outward from the aperture 342.
The vanes 322 can be configured such that the distance between adjacent ones of the vanes 322 increases with increased radial distance from the aperture 342. In the example provided, the vanes 322 are planar or straight and aligned with the center of the aperture 342 such that each vane 322 extends longitudinally along a line that intersects the flow axis 346. The vanes 322 can contact with and extend axially outward from the back wall 314 into the air chamber 318. The vanes 322 can terminate axially such that an edge 430 (FIG. 4) of each vane 322 can be generally level with the support lip 338 such that the vanes 322 can support the panel filter 214 axially relative to the air chamber 318 and spaced apart from the aperture 342.
The vanes 322 can be symmetrically disposed about the flow axis 346 (i.e. the center of aperture 342). The vanes 322 can be equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction. In the example provided, each quadrant of the air chamber 318 is symmetrical with respect to the relative locations of the first through ninth vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426. For example, the air chamber 318 can be divided into quadrants along the first vanes 410 and the ninth vanes 426. When viewed as shown in FIG. 5, the vanes 322 can be arranged in each quadrant in the following clockwise order (though other configurations can be used): one of the first vanes 410, one of the second vanes 412, one of the third vanes 414, one of the fourth vanes 416, one of the fifth vanes 418, one of the sixth vanes 420, one of the seventh vanes 422, one of the eighth vanes 424, and one of the ninth vanes 426.
Each of the first through ninth sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426 can extend a respective radial length from the aperture 342 (i.e. the length of the vane 322 from the aperture to the radially outermost point of the vane 322). The respective radial lengths of the sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426 can be different, though some of the sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426 can have similar radial lengths.
In the example provided, the radial lengths of the second vanes 412 are similar to that of the eighth vanes 424, while the ninth vanes 426 have radial lengths greater than the second vanes 412. In the example provided, the sixth vanes 420 have greater radial lengths than the ninth vanes 426, the fourth vanes 416 have greater radial lengths than the sixth vanes 420, the seventh vanes 422 have greater radial lengths than the fourth vanes 416, the first vanes 410 have greater radial lengths than the seventh vanes 422, the third vanes 414 have greater radial lengths than the first vanes 410, and the fifth vanes 418 have greater radial lengths than the third vanes 414, though other configurations can be used.
In the example provided, the first vanes 410, third vanes 414, fifth vanes 418, seventh vanes 422, and ninth vanes 426 extend fully between the aperture 342 and the perimeter wall 310 to contact the perimeter wall 310, though other configurations can be used. In the example provided, the first vanes 410 and third vanes 414 contact the lateral sides 330, the seventh vanes 422 and ninth vanes 426 contact the longitudinal sides 326, and the fifth vanes 418 contact the corners of the perimeter wall 310 where the lateral sides 330 and the longitudinal sides 326 meet, though other configurations can be used.
When the blower unit 222 operates with a relatively clean filter element 238, a greater amount of air can be drawn through a center zone 510 of the air chamber 318 that corresponds to the location of the aperture 342 and a similar region (not specifically shown) on the filter element 238, since this is the airflow path of least resistance. Accordingly, debris can build up on the filter element 238 at this center zone 510. As debris builds up at the center zone 510, the debris can inhibit the flow of air through the center zone 510 and the pressure at the center zone 510 can increase.
In conventional filter systems (not shown) the buildup of debris in the center zone 510 would diminish the airflow through the center zone 510 and the general area where airflow would be most significant through the filter element 238 would expand to a first intermediate region that is immediately radially outward of the center zone 510. As the first intermediate region then becomes more blocked by debris, the general area where airflow would be most significant through the filter would expand to a second intermediate region that is immediately radially outward of the first intermediate region. In this way, the debris would slowly build up in concentrically expanding regions about the center zone 510. Typically, this pattern of buildup can lead to lower performance even while the areas of the filter element 238 that are nearest to the outer perimeter 234 remain relatively unused.
Returning to FIG. 5, the vanes 322 can be arranged to define a first intermediate zone 514, a second intermediate zone 518 and an outer zone 522. The first intermediate zone 514 can be an annular area disposed immediately concentrically about the center zone 510. The first intermediate zone 514 can have an outer diameter that corresponds with the radially outermost edge of one or more of the sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426. In the example provided, the outer diameter of the first intermediate zone 514 generally corresponds to the radially outermost edges of the second vanes 412 and the eighth vanes 424. In the example provided, the outer diameter of the first intermediate zone 514 generally corresponds to halfway between the center zone 510 and the perimeter wall 310.
The second intermediate zone 518 can be an annular area disposed immediately concentrically about the first intermediate zone 514. The second intermediate zone 518 can have an outer diameter that corresponds with the radially outermost edge of one or more of the sets of vanes 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424, 426. In the example provided, the diameter of the second intermediate zone 518 generally corresponds to the radially outermost edges of the fourth vanes 416 and the sixth vanes 420. In the example provided, the second intermediate zone 518 can generally correspond to halfway between the center zone 510 and the corners of the air chamber 318 (i.e. where the lateral sides 330 meet the longitudinal sides 326). The outer zone 522 can generally be the area of the air chamber 318 that is radially outward of the second intermediate zone 518. The distance between adjacent vanes 322 in the outer zone 522 can be greater than the distance between adjacent vanes 322 in the second intermediate zone 518. The distance between adjacent vanes 322 in the second intermediate zone 518 can be greater than the distance between adjacent vanes 322 in the first intermediate zone 514, but lesser than the distance between adjacent vanes 322 in the outer zone 522. Thus, the vanes 322 can define discrete funnels or channels 526 that widen proximate to the outer perimeter 234 and narrow proximate to the aperture 342.
In operation, as the center zone 510 builds up debris, air flowing through the filter element 238 into the air chamber 318 can encounter slightly greater resistance to flow through the filter element 238 due to the relative distances between the adjacent vanes 322 in the respective zones 514, 518, 522. The closer the proximity of adjacent vanes 322, the higher the resistance and pressure opposing air flow through the filter element 238 at the respective zone 514, 518, 522. Thus, the resistance or pressure opposing flow through the filter element 238 at the second intermediate zone 518 can be lower than at the first intermediate zone 514 and higher than at the outer zone 522. In other words, the pressure opposing flow through the filter element 238 can decrease with increased radial distance from the center zone 510 due to the relative proximity of the adjacent vanes 322. Additionally, due to the funnel shape of the vanes 322, the velocity of the air flowing radially inward between the vanes 322 increases with decreased radial distance from the aperture 342.
Thus, as the center zone 510 becomes blocked with debris, a greater amount of air can be drawn through the relatively low pressure areas of the outer zone 522 and second intermediate zone 518 than would normally occur in conventional systems. The decreasing pressure gradient from the first intermediate zone 514 to the outer zone 522 causes air to be drawn more evenly across the entire surface area of the filter element 238 than would occur in conventional systems. Thus the vanes 322 inhibit the pattern of concentrically expanding debris buildup caused by conventional systems. Instead, debris can build up more evenly across the filter element 238.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
The terminology used is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). The term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements describe as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used interpreted accordingly.
Claims (20)
What is claimed is:
1. A housing for a panel filter, the housing comprising:
a main body defining a chamber and a central aperture, the central aperture extending through the main body and in fluid communication with the chamber;
a plurality of first vanes disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each first vane extending radially outward from the central aperture a first distance; and
a plurality of second vanes disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each second vane extending radially outward from the central aperture a second distance that is less than the first distance.
2. The housing of claim 1, wherein the first and second vanes are planar and aligned with a center of the central aperture.
3. The housing of claim 1, wherein the first vanes extend radially outward from the central aperture to contact a perimeter wall of the chamber, and the second vanes do not extend to the perimeter wall.
4. The housing of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of third vanes disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, the third vanes do not extend to the perimeter wall, and each third vane extends radially outward from the central aperture a third distance that is less than the second distance.
5. The housing of claim 1, wherein the chamber is a generally rectangular or square shape and the central aperture is a round shape.
6. The housing of claim 1, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the first and second vanes increases with radial distance from the aperture.
7. The housing of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of third vanes disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each third vane extending radially outward from the central aperture, wherein an outermost end of each second vane is spaced apart from a peripheral wall of the chamber, and an outermost end of each third vane is spaced apart from the peripheral wall a greater extent than the outermost ends of the second vanes.
8. A housing for a panel filter, the housing comprising:
a main body including a plurality of side walls and a bottom wall, the side and bottom walls defining a chamber, the bottom wall defining a central aperture extending through the main body and in fluid communication with the chamber;
a plurality of first vanes disposed within the chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each first vane extending radially inward from the side walls to the central aperture; and
a plurality of second vanes, each second vane being disposed circumferentially between a pair of the first vanes, the second vanes extending radially outward from the central aperture and terminating radially inward of the side walls.
9. The housing of claim 8, wherein the first and second vanes are planar and aligned with a center of the central aperture.
10. The housing of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of third vanes, each third vane being disposed circumferentially between a pair of the second vanes, the third vanes extending radially outward from the central aperture and terminating radially inward of the side walls and the second vanes.
11. The housing of claim 10, wherein every other vane in the circumferential direction is one of the first vanes.
12. The housing of claim 8, wherein the chamber is a generally rectangular or square shape and the central aperture is a round shape.
13. The housing of claim 8, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the first and second vanes increases with radial distance from the aperture.
14. An HVAC assembly comprising:
a housing, the housing defining a first chamber, a second chamber, and a central aperture that fluidly couples the first and second chambers, the housing including:
a plurality of first vanes disposed within the first chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each first vane extending radially outward from the central aperture a first distance; and
a plurality of second vanes disposed within the first chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each second vane extending radially outward from the central aperture a second distance that is less than the first distance;
a filter disposed within the housing and upstream of the first chamber; and
a blower unit including a fan and an electric motor, the fan being disposed within the housing and downstream of the central aperture and the electric motor being drivingly coupled to the fan, the blower unit being configured to draw air through the filter and into the second chamber.
15. The housing of claim 14, wherein the first and second vanes are planar and aligned with a center of the central aperture.
16. The housing of claim 14, wherein the first vanes extend radially outward from the central aperture to contact a perimeter wall of the first chamber, and the second vanes do not extend to the perimeter wall.
17. The housing of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of third vanes disposed within the first chamber and circumferentially spaced about the central aperture, each third vane extending radially outward from the central aperture a third distance that is less than the second distance.
18. The housing of claim 17, wherein every other vane in the circumferential direction is one of the first vanes.
19. The housing of claim 14, wherein the filter is a generally rectangular or square shape and the central aperture is a round shape.
20. The housing of claim 14, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the first and second vanes increases with radial distance from the aperture.
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It would be interesting to see the failure rate of the DCT compared to past manual/slushbox transmissions. There some very vocal people on this forum and people with some very serious issues, but does that mean the transmission is a failure overall?
Ford has sold well over 200,000 Foci across NA and the DCT uptake is probably at least 80% of those. What percentage of those sold would be problem transmissions? Even looking at this forum the polls I've seen about the DCT have less than a 100 people praticipating and off the too of my head the last one about issues with the latest uorate had less than 30 people unhappy with it. Does that show major issues with the transmission? To be generous lets say there are 100 unique individuals posting on this forum complaining of major issues with the transmission does that show that there is a systemic problem across the board with all Focus with the DCT?
That's my only issue with some posters here. Since they are having issues they lump all DCT together when the reality is that their particular DCT is the issue.
There are far more complaints to the NHTSA about the Ford DCT than any other current model year compact. The NHTSA is an equal opportunity complaint receptacle so if the Ford DCT was no worse than any other transmission you shouldn't see that disparity.
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Carnival Puts Cruise Fleet Under Microscope After Triumph Fire
A Coast Guard boat patrols near the cruise ship Carnival Triumph in the Gulf of Mexico, Feb. 11, 2013. U.S. Coast Guard photo
By Jane Sutton
MIAMI BEACH, Fla., March 12 (Reuters) – Carnival Corp has launched a comprehensive review of its entire fleet after a fire crippled one of its ships last month, and will share its findings across the industry, Carnival Cruise Lines’ chief executive told a conference on Tuesday.
The engine-room fire disabled the Bahamian-flagged Carnival Triumph in the Gulf of Mexico, leaving it adrift with more than 4,000 passengers and crew aboard. The accident made headlines around the world and comedians had a field day with the ensuing plumbing problems.
“It will take us a little bit of time to complete it but you can rest assured that it is our highest priority in the entire organization, it is the thing we are most focused on and we will come up with some solutions that we can implement across our fleet,” he said.
The company has assembled teams of fire safety experts, naval architects, electrical and mechanical engineers and engine manufacturers to conduct its own investigation, Cahill added.
The Triumph was on its way back to Galveston, Texas, when a leak in a fuel return line caused a fire in the aft engine room. The ship has two independent engine rooms but the fire damage knocked out both, Cahill said.
A diesel generator kicked in to run emergency services, but could not run what Cahill described as “hotel services”, most notably the plumbing in the cabins.
Cahill said the company investigation would focus on fire prevention and suppression, engine-room backup systems, and on figuring out what hotel service facilities could be run with emergency generators.
Carnival is cooperating with ongoing investigations by the U.S. Coast Guard and National Transportation Safety Board and the Bahamian government, as well as a review by the Cruise Line International Association (CLIA), he added.
Carnival Corp is the world’s largest cruise line, with 100 ships under brands that include Carnival, Cunard, Holland America, Princess, Seabourn and Costa.
RIPPLE EFFECT
Cruise executives frequently say the attention lavished on their competitors’ new ships creates a rising tide of demand that benefits them all. Accidents cause similar ripples throughout the industry.
“The recent Triumph incident affects all of us,” said Christine Duffy, president and chief executive of CLIA, which represents 58 cruise lines worldwide. “Even though such incidents are rare, we don’t underestimate their impact.”
Nonetheless, industry projections are chronically rosy. Cruising is a $36 billion industry worldwide, part of a $9.9 trillion global travel industry that represents 9 percent of global GDP, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council.
Some 20 million people took cruises last year and CLIA projects this year’s total will rise 3.3 percent to hit 20.9 million.
“We have been the fastest-growing segment inside the travel industry,” Duffy said.
Despite tough economic times, passenger numbers have risen every year over the last decade, she said. North America is still far and away the biggest source of cruise passengers, though the percentage from outside North America rose to 31 percent last year, from 9 percent in 2000.
Industry officials expect strong growth in China and other parts of Asia, where tens of millions, if not hundreds of millions, of people are moving into the middle classes and eager to see the world.
“They may not be comfortable going on their own but are comfortable going on one of our ships,” Duffy said.
The industry has added 168 new ships since 2000. Twenty-five more oceangoing and river-cruising ships will come on line in the next two years, but the pace is slowing, ending a glut of berths that had led to discounting.
Kevin Sheehan, chief executive of Norwegian Cruise Line , which recently went public, predicted the industry would soon “move pricing to more respectable levels”.
If the economy holds steady or improves slightly “then this industry will outperform”, Sheehan said.
The cruise line chiefs say their industry is resilient, in part because it has good overall safety.
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as significantly as this one. I mean, I know it was my option to read, but I actually thought youd have something fascinating to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you simply could fix in the event you werent too busy looking for attention.
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Hot and fast for me, but that's just my style of cooking.We usually use a combo of tubs and a folding table with a built in sink. We try to keep as much mess as possible out of the camper.Electric and water probably depends on what area your cooking in. In my area, most comps have both, a couple of them have water only.
A newbie to competition here. I have a few questions that I'd like to ask.
First, low and slow or hot and fast? What is your preference?I would say we are in between the two. Not low and slow but not hot & fast either.
Second, sink or tubs for hand and dish washing at competitions? Not sure which direction to go here for my trailer. I have a two bay sink on my cooker with a 30 gall fresh water tank. I also have it piped for city water, we use an ecotemp on demand water heater. I like having the sink and hot water.
Third, do most competitions have water and electronic or no?Most of the ones we do have electricity and water some do not. For the ones that do not we have fresh water and a generator.
Thanks for any help you can give me. I'm sure I'll have plenty more questions in the future. Lol
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Opener
Sides Face Grand SquareWell, let her be somebody else's queen, I don't want to
know about it
There's too many others that know what I mean, and that's
why I got to live (without it)Left Allemande and WeaveI'm in love with the girl That I'm talking about
*I'm in love with the girl I can't live without
I'm in love but I must have picked a bad time to be in
love
Figures
Heads(Sides)Promenade Halfway around, come
down the middle and Square thru 4
Right and Left Thru and do an Eight
Chain 2
Touch ¼, Scootback and then Swing
This Corner and Promenade I’m in Love but I Must Have Picked a Bad Time to Be in Love
Middle Break
Sides Face Grand SquareAll
the stories coming back to me, from my friends and the people I don't want to
see
The
things they say I know just couldn't be true, Not until I hear it from youAllemande and WeaveI'm in love with the girl I'm talking about
*I'm in love with the girl I can't live without
I'm in love but I must have picked a bad time to be in
love
ModulationCloser
4 Boys Promenade
inside that ring, get on back to your girl and give her a swing
Join your hands and circle to the left.
Allemande Left and WeaveI'm in love with the girl I'm talking about
*I'm in love But I Feel I’m Wearing It Out
I'm in love but I must have picked a bad time to be in
loveSwing Her Boys
TAGTo Be in Love, Bad Time to Be In Love
Music recorded at Jimmy
Mac Productions-Ventura CA
Jim MacDonald- Engineer
and Bandleader-Music arranged by Rick and Jimmy
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Sir Ian Mckellen - You Shall NOT Pass
Ian McKellen has magic underwear ... and yesterday, he showed off his special tighty-whities during a theater performance in New York City. Of course, the face protecting Ian's pooper is Gandalf from "Lord of the Rings" -- the character played by Ian in the LOTR movies.
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War Papers
ByAdjutant William Forse Scott, 4th Iowa Cavalry Veteran Volunteers, USVAddress delivered before the New York Commandery of theMilitary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United StatesFebruary 3, 1904
Transcribed by Douglas R. Niermeyer, Past Commander-in-ChiefMilitary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United [email protected](January 2006)
This is a story of the war in the West, of the last campaign beyond the Mississippi; a campaign in whicha part of the Union troops and most of the Confederates marched over 1500 miles, beginning in torrid heat and ending in snow and zero cold; a campaign begun for politics and ending with dramatic coincidence on the day on which politics were finally swept out of the war in the defeat of McClellan and re-election of Lincoln; a campaign so disastrous to the enemy that from Iowa to the gulf peace prevailed during the remaining six months of the war.
In 1864 the Confederate "Trans-Mississippi Department" was commanded by Lieutenant-General Edmund Kirby Smith, with headquarters at Shreveport in the northwest corner of Louisiana. He had usually from 30,000 to 50,000 men within reach, and a plenty of supplies. He was a man aggressive in words, but not in acts, and so he always magnified his difficulties. But he was secure in his place because he was a favorite of Davis, one of the few who enjoyed that distinction. His department included Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, and the Territories. Having an ambition for administration he looked upon himself as a sort of governor-general of that region as well as its military general. And he must have had time enough for affairs of state; for, although he commanded the department more than two years, he neither originated a campaign nor marched upon one (except a short distance in repelling Banks) and the War Department at Richmond repeatedly complained that his dispatches were few and meager.
His camp was the rendezvous of all the political "lame ducks" of Missouri and Arkansas, the governors, congressmen, and other statesmen who couldn't stay at home because of the Yankees and who couldn't go into the army because their country would then suffer for lack of statesmanship. For, although Legislatures could not meet and elections could not be held in Missouri, Arkansas, or Louisiana during that time, these statesmen solemnly kept up, in one place or another, on one pretence or another, the hollow performance of their political functions. Even the holy doctrine of State rights did not prevent some of them from holding on to office. The State of Missouri voted against secession by a great majority, yet not one of its State-Righters" followed his State according to his true allegiance, " as the imposing phrase then ran. They followed its enemies and fled to other countries, where, under various fantastic theories, they persuaded themselves that they were holding the offices of Missouri - the "true" Missouri.
Before they went, however, they proclaimed their undying devotion to their people, their State, their institutions, and always their honor, in an infinite number of speeches, all filled with impassioned language, decorated with classic parallels, supported now and then by ingenious arguments, and closing with heroics and self-dedication. Some of the conceits of these logic-choppers are funny enough now. For an instance, when they got breath again after the adverse vote on secession (which vote, under the doctrine of State rights, of course clearly kept the State in the Union) they said that those who had voted against secession were not the true sons of Missouri and that the duty of the hour was to be true sons, that is, to go into or with the Confederate army; and the governor, the lieutenant-governor, the general commanding the State militia, and some of the members of the Legislature promptly did so.
That idea seems absurd enough, but it is outdone by others that sprang from these feverish brains. Safe within the lines of the Confederate army in the wilds of the Ozark Mountains, the faithful Governor, Claiborne F. Jackson, invented a dazzling scheme for the salvation of his people. Seeing that he could not bring about a convention or a Congress or a session of the Legislature, because his orders would not be obeyed, he realized that all the powers which a convention or Congress or Legislature might exercise must, in such an emergency, devolve upon the governor. He could not see where else the powers were at such a time: they must therefore be in himself. He rose grandly to his duty in this stern hour, and all alone by himself he issued a declaration of independence, - a long, solemn, stilted paper, imitating the declaration of '76, in which he appealed to the Supreme judge of the World for the rectitude of his intentions, declared that the political connection between the United States and the people and government of Missouri is and ought to be totally dissolved, and that the State of Missouri is a sovereign, free, and independent republic, with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, etc.
If you follow out Mr. Jackson's document, you will see that he had rather more right and power to strike that great blow than the Revolutionary fathers had to issue their declaration in '76. At any rate he was sure of it himself, and, as his mighty act has never been repealed or repudiated, Missouri would seem still to be a free and independent republic.
Yet this lofty governor was only a dull plodder when compared with the genius who permitted himself to fill the office of lieutenant-governor. This serious-minded youth, Thomas C. Reynolds, carefully examined himself and found that he too was full of powers that no one else had suspected. He posted off to Richmond, without waiting for the slow governor to issue his declaration of independence, and set up as the "ambassador" of his "sovereign State." He formed an "alliance" between Missouri and the Confederate States, turned over to the Confederate President the army of his government and all the property of the United States in Missouri, and came back staggering under a load of still more powers invented and conferred upon him by the "warrior statesman," as he called Davis. He halted at New Madrid, in the midst of a noisy little rebel army, which, under Davis' direction, General Polk had sent from Kentucky. There were two small divisions under General Pillow. As many more Confederates were in northeast Arkansas under General Hardee. These bodies were to be joined as "The Army of Liberation," the Missouri rebels were to be added, St. Louis was to be taken, and the vandal hordes swept from the State. Great Reynolds reached New Madrid just after Pillow, exulting to find himself supported by a Confederate army. Governor Jackson was not then in Missouri, having gone just over the line, in Arkansas, to try to get the aid of Hardee. Reynolds immediately saw that he was governor, at least for a day or two, and promptly issued his proclamation. It begins: "I return to the State, to accompany in my official capacity one of the armies which the warrior statesman whose genius now presides over the affairs of our half of the Union has prepared to advance against the common foe. . . . The sun which shone in its full mid-day splendor at Manassas is about to rise upon Missouri. "Then, himself rising superior to the awkward fact that a great majority of his fellow-citizens had voted against secession, he said that as for himself he disregarded forms and looked to realities; that therefore he viewed any ordinance for the separation of Missouri from the United States as a mere outward ceremony; that in fact the act of secession was already consummated in the hearts of her people, and that "therefore all persons cooperating with the expedition I now accompany may expect that in the country under its influence no authority of the United States will be permitted, and that of Missouri as a sovereign and independent State will be exercised, with a view to her speedy regular union with her Southern sisters." That is, the tread of Reynolds upon the trembling earth was alone the equivalent of secession. Only his magic foot upon the various parts of the State and the thing was done.
But that was only one of the hard knots that came easy to this Alexander. He found the problem of the light of secession in Missouri quite simple. The slave States on the Atlantic coast based their secession upon the theory of powers reserved to themselves when they agreed to the Constitution of I789. Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi had to have another ground, but they professed to find it in the claim that they were formed in territory originally belonging to the Atlantic States. But the States beyond the Mississippi, in the Louisiana purchase, were without either of these grounds. Their territory had been bought with money paid in by all the States, and chiefly by the Northern States. The ordinary Southern statesmen spun out several specious arguments to evade this difficulty, but Reynolds soared above them all. He admitted that the territory had been purchased by the general government and with funds supplied by all the States, but he found that the sale was made by France on condition that the United States should never part with the territory and he said that that constituted a "condition running with the land" (as the lawyers say); that the act of secession would part Missouri from the United States and thus make a breach of the condition; that the land would therefore revert to France and become a colony of that empire; and that the emperor would undoubtedly send an army to recover his own, which army, with the true sons of Missouri, would easily defeat the United States.
But Louis Napoleon neglected his great opportunity, and that brilliant child of the little governor's warm fancy was never able to get on its legs, but died without baptism. In fact, very soon afterward both the governors had to retire in humiliation to the wilds of Arkansas before the march of the Union volunteers, enlisted mostly in their own unappreciative Missouri.
They were accompanied by other statesmen of the unhappy minority and by Sterling Price, who was both statesman and soldier. Here is the most noted man produced by Missouri on the Confederate side. He was a lawyer, he entered politics at an early age, was a conspicuous member of the Legislature for several terms, and a member of Congress, he led a regiment of Missouri cavalry in the Mexican War and was promoted to brigadier-general. He was governor of the State twice between 1850 and 1860, and although a Democrat was very popular among the Whigs. A Virginian, a tall man, of fine presence, of a genial spirit, persuasive and patriotic in speech, he had a wider influence than any man in the State. He was a "Douglas" man in 1860 and a "Conditional Union" man until Lyon's famous capture of Camp Jackson; he was president of the convention which voted against secession, but finally, late in May, 1861, accepted from Governor Jackson the appointment of general in command of the Missouri State Guard, a kind of an army of militia just then authorized by the secessionist Legislature. Under this commission he organized several brigades of Missouri secessionists and fought with them in the west and southwest of the State half a dozen of the haphazard engagements which were frequent in the first year of the war; but his forces were not strong enough to hold the country, the Confederate generals of neighboring States would not or could not help him, and within six months he was driven into Arkansas.
But the secessionists who remained in Missouri and those who were in the rebel armies constantly dreamed of the return of Price at the head of a conquering column, and he himself was always nursing hopes and schemes to that end. He considered himself especially the soldier of Missouri, and all or nearly all Missouri regiments and batteries in the Trans-Mississippi department were assigned to his command. The exiled governor and lieutenant-governor and other Missouri statesmen who found it prudent to remain in Arkansas often communed with Price upon these dreams.
When Governor Jackson died in Arkansas in 1862, the lieutenant-governor (Reynolds) assumed to be governor. Reynolds was a remarkable man. He was a young lawyer, trained in politics, fiery and vindictive in spirit, with no sense of humor, but with a vast conceit of his abilities and
of his office; and he looked upon his return to the capital of Missouri as a holy crusade. Having had no military experience himself, Price appeared to him to be the one man to direct the military work of the crusade. There must have been many conferences between the two in Arkansas and Louisiana. Reynolds' term as lieutenant-governor expired at the end of 1862, and another governor and lieutenant-governor had been elected; but it was clear to him that that election was illegal, that he was the only lawful governor, and Price and his Missouri soldiers cheerfully recognized him. He kept up strenuously his communications to the Confederate government and with the governors of the other trans-Mississippi States, who, like himself, were unwilling sojourners away from their capitals; and he constantly tried to persuade the powers at Richmond that the one thing that would win the cause of the Confederacy was a vigorous campaign in Missouri.
But no great attention was given to him except by the Missourians until the summer of 1864. Then there was a concurrence of events which led Davis to consider that, if not clearly practicable, such a campaign was at least desirable; and he gave General Smith authority to try it.
Lee's army in Virginia was staggering under the blows of Grant; Hood's in Georgia was being ground by Sherman; but Forrest had achieved two brilliant successes in Mississippi, and Smith had defeated Banks on the Red River. The Presidential campaign was on between Lincoln and McClellan, between the war party and the anti-war party, and the secessionists not only watched the political campaign with keenest interest, but with desperate zeal made many attempts to aid the McClellan cause. Not only in Missouri, but in Illinois, in Indiana, and even in Iowa; there were secret societies-the "Sons of Liberty," the "Order of American Knights," the "Knights of the Golden Circle," the "Copperheads," etc., all in communication with Southern spies and emissaries, and busy in discouraging Union enlistments, in exaggerating or inventing Union defeats and Confederate successes, and in many ways seeking to obstruct the prosecution of the war and to encourage the hopes of the rebels. Price himself was said to be "Grand Commander" of one of these societies - the "O. A. K's.
Now, on account of the geographical position of Missouri, its possession was of very great importance, and it was even more important to the Confederates than to the Federals. If a Southern army could occupy Missouri just before the Presidential election, hold the capital and perhaps St. Louis, the vote of the State could not be taken, or if taken would go for McClellan; the vote in the neighboring States would or might also be turned to McClellan, and Sherman would be compelled to retire from Atlanta to the Ohio. A rosy dream it looks from our side, but such visions were not uncommon in the warm Southern imagination. Indeed, when Hood left Atlanta it was with a definite idea of driving Sherman back to the Ohio by the easy process of marching there ahead of him, and at the same time Price was marching north to the recovery of Missouri.
Kirby Smith grumbled against the proposed campaign, but grumbling was one of his characteristics, and he was jealous of Price, who had become a Confederate major-general and inevitably would have command. A campaign for the recovery of Arkansas would have been more to his liking, and from a tight military point of view that is what ought to have been undertaken.
Though Smith at last consented, he was not at all zealous. He found difficulties in the way of supplying a force as large as Price wanted; but Price would o anyhow and his Achates Reynolds was more than eager. These two had a common cause and worked out the plans in loving harmony. Aeneas was marching to redeem Missouri and his Achates was going along to govern it.
To meet this movement no definite preparations were made on our side until Price was on his march. General Rosecrans, then at St. Louis in command of the Department of Missouri, heard rumors of it in July and August, and reported them to Washington; but Halleck and Grant were not inclined to credit the reports, and treated them indifferently. This was in part because they relied upon General Steele at Little Rock, who held the fortified line of the Arkansas River and who was sure that all movements of the enemy west of the Mississippi were designed only against his position.
But in fact communications between Price's army and the secessionists and secret societies in Missouri and especially in St. Louis were several times detected, showing schemes of organizing to aid Price's campaign. Indeed there was so little effort at concealment that in August Price's minor officers, and even the soldiers, talked openly in their camps, within a hundred miles of Steele's headquarters, of the object of their preparations then plainly in progress.
As there had been no regular Confederate forces in Missouri for two years, nearly all United States volunteers had been taken from the State to distant fields; and Rosecrans was often at his wit's end for means of defense against the guerillas and bushwhackers who swarmed all over the State. These miscreants doubled their numbers and activity when the rumors of Price's coming were spread, and every county clamored for protection against them.
Rosecrans' chief support was an organization called the State Militia Cavalry, about 4000 of whom formed a division of three brigades under General Sanborn. With this division were several battalions of Iowa and Illinois cavalry volunteers. Another body called the Provisional Enrolled Militia had been recently enlisted under Rosecrans' orders, especially to defend their own towns against the guerillas, but, excepting a portion organized into two mounted regiments and attached to Sanborn’s "Cavalry Militia," they proved of no use against Price. Rosecrans was also then trying to raise in the State several new regiments of United States volunteer infantry, and two of these were organized so far as that a part of them did good service in the first engagement.
For the rest, all of Rosecrans' appeals to the War Department, to the governors of neighboring States, and the generals of neighboring departments, brought him at the last hour, only a few regiments of "hundred-days" men from Illinois, to help defend St. Louis.
But early in September that old Roman, General Andrew J. Smith arrived at Cairo from Memphis, on his wav to join Sherman at Atlanta, with one of his divisions of veteran infantry, numbering 5000. By dint of much telegraphing Rosecrans got Grant to direct Smith to take the field against Price; and he moved on up to St. Louis. Then all in Missouri waited to see what Price would do.
Meantime, in July and August, small bodies of Price's cavalry made short raids and dashes upon Steele's outlying posts and gave him much trouble. He believed these attacks were only leading up to an assault in force upon Little Rock, and called loudly for more troops. Accordingly he received 7000 infantry from General Canby, commanding at New Orleans, and a little later 4000 infantry and nearly 2000 cavalry from Memphis.
These Memphis troops were " lent" by General Washbum for a special emergency supposed to exist at Devall's Bluff, the strongest post on the Arkansas below Little Rock. The infantry was one division of the Sixteenth Corps, commanded by General Joseph A. Mower, and the cavalry was composed of detachments from two brigades of the cavalry corps of the District of West Tennessee, commanded by a born cavalryman, now a member of this commandery, General Edward F. Winslow.
The infantry moved by boats down the Mississippi and up the White River to Des Arc. The cavalry was ferried over the Mississippi at Memphis, marched across the country through the great swamps of the Saint Francis valley, and halted at Brownsville, within a few miles of Little Rock. The weather was sultry almost beyond endurance.
This was September 6th, the very day on which Price was crossing the Arkansas, 60 miles above Little Rock, with two of his divisions, on his way to St. Louis. But General Steele still insisted that the movement was designed against Little Rock.
When the expedition was ordered Price was in command of the District of Arkansas, and he was to take all the cavalry in that district. He did take all except a few regiments and scattered companies. He had 33 regiments and 10 battalions, with 6 batteries, all Arkansans and Missourians. When they entered Missouri they numbered about 15,000, with 18 guns. They were all mounted, but about 3000 were then unarmed. They were organized as the "Army of Missouri," in three divisions, one commanded by Major-General James F. Fagan, a famous Arkansas soldier, one by Major-General John S. Marmaduke, a Missourian, afterward governor of Missouri, and a third by Brigadier-General Joseph O. Shelby, also a Missouri and a cavalry officer almost without a superior in marching and in boldness.
Early in August Price received his instructions from Smith, but he did not move until the 28th. On that day he left Camden, in the south of Arkansas, with the two divisions of Fagan and Marmaduke, and marched north and east toward the Arkansas River, passing west of Little Rock hardly twenty miles distant. He had already sent Shelby into northeast Arkansas to collect recruits and horses. On September 6th and 7th, at Dardanelle, he crossed the Arkansas, without resistance from Steele, and within a few days joined Shelby at Pocahontas, on the Black River, within one day's march of the Missouri line.
Here the organization of his army was completed, and the three divisions, moving on different roads, entered Missouri September 18th, at a point nearly south of St. Louis and distant by the roads about 250 miles.
General Steele finally heard of Price's concentration near the Missouri border, and decided upon pursuit. This was September I7th, and the next morning he started Mower's division of infantry and Winslow's cavalry from Brownsville. None of his own troops were sent. Twelve days had thus been lost while Price was riding steadily away.
What the theory of this pursuit was does not appear in the records; what might have happened if Price had been overtaken can only be guessed; but what was actually done is a painful memory to the survivors, and especially to the unfortunate infantry, for they not only had to march over 300 miles to the Mississippi at Cape Girardeau in the terrible heat, half the way through malarious swamps and lowlands, but they had to keep up with the cavalry, which could be done only by marching far into the night. They actually did bivouac near the cavalry every night for a week.
On the 29th Winslow's cavalry reached the Missouri line on Price's trail, the infantry coming up two days later. It was not known where Price then was, but his road was followed 60 miles further, to Greenville, Mo., where, on October 2d, definite news came of the battle at Pilot Knob, six days before, with orders to Mower and Winslow to move their men to the Mississippi at Cape Girardeau and take boats for St. Louis.
They had been out five weeks from Memphis; had lost and left behind, by sickness and death, a large part of their numbers; the remainder were exhausted by the extraordinary march and the heat; nothing had been accomplished, and the end was within one day's ride by steamboat from the starting-point. But this is only one of the many times during the war when a long and laborious struggle reached its end with no record but one of costly waste and suffering.
THE INVASION OF MISSOURI.
When Price crossed the border he looked upon himself and his coming fame very seriously. His mission was to redeem the State. The pretending Governor Reynolds with him also looked upon himself and his future seriously - very seriously. There was a hated usurper in his chair at Jefferson City and the executive mansion was closed against the lady of the lawful governor. He was eager to share the dangers of the campaign an insisted upon a place at the head of the column, notwithstanding the advice that his great office justified him in taking a safer position. He proudly replied that the proper place for the governor of Missouri, marching to restoration, was in the front.
Not only high hopes, but virtuous resolutions for the good of their countrymen, filled the breasts of these patriot leaders. At the border Price announced that his campaign was "not a raid," but for the "occupation" of Missouri; and he and his division generals and Governor Reynolds and General Kirby Smith all joined in a chorus of proclamations, declarations, and instructions, to the effect that they were undertaking a just and holy cause, that there must be no influence of personal feeling or revenge, no wanton acts of destruction or devastation, or any seizure of property except under necessity, by proper authority and upon compensation. Formal orders were issued, embodying these pious resolves and declaring that any disobedience was simply a short way to death. As more than half of Price's men were Missourians coming to their own country, and one of the expectations of the campaign was the enlistment or conscription of many more Missourians at their homes, the necessity for these orders suggests a singular moral character in this army of redeemers.
But the high virtues thus published never got into practice. The actual march of the patriots was more fearful than a cyclone. Neither friend nor enemy was spared. With unwavering impartiality they robbed secessionist and Unionist alike. They plundered and burned houses and stores, they drove people from their homes, desolated the farms, carried off or killed the livestock, and whatever they could not put to use they wantonly destroyed. The orders of the General were repeated and repeated, but nobody would submit to restraint in the midst of such opportunities. A provost-guard was organized in each brigade, and there was a provost-marshal-general, who declared that the officers of his department were extremely active in efforts to enforce orders; there was a court-martial, organized at the beginning of the campaign, which held sittings from time to time on the march. The inspector-general has testified that he rode two horses to death trying to prevent straggling and "scouting." This scouting was not the service implied in the ordinary use of that word, but was simply marauding by authority, the objects being plunder and personal vengeance. The Missourians, returning near their old homes under the protection of an army, could not resist the desire to punish their former neighbors whom they believed to be their enemies. General Price absolutely and repeatedly forbade the horrid practice, but it appeared in the court of inquiry which was held after this campaign that, in spite of his stringent orders, permits were granted for these "scouts," not only by company and regimental officers, but even by brigade and division commanders.
For disobedience of these orders arrests were made from time to time, from privates up to colonels, but there is no evidence that any one was tried or punished, except that one brigadier, in a passion, shot down two of his men out of hand, not so much for committing crimes as because one of them imprudently declared that they meant to keep at it.
But if the rough riders had no respect for their general's orders, neither had they any for their governor's comfort or dignity. That precious little man, whom they had for six weeks carried along at the head of the main column, in all the glory of a four-horse ambulance, complained bitterly to Price, in front of Jefferson City, the capital he had come to possess, that the plunder was so complete and the management so bad that he could not even get shoes for his horses; and he said, in extremity of grief, that "the wholesale pillage of horses and mules, as of goods generally in the vicinity of the army, has made it impossible for me to obtain anything by purchase. In fact, in an expedition designed to re-establish the rightful government of Missouri, the Governor of the State cannot even purchase a horse or a blanket, while stragglers and camp-followers are enriching themselves by plundering the defenseless families of our own soldiers in the Confederate service."
After a time Price gave up even the reiteration of his orders, and he seems to have considered it a defense, before the court of inquiry after the campaign, when his witnesses said that his men were largely recruits, conscripts, "absentees," and deserters, that they were officered by men of their own kind, were undisciplined, and that discipline was impossible with such a command. But that was when he was required to explain his crushing defeat.
When Price entered the State his organization and marching orders were elaborately complete. General Fagan, with the largest division, marched in the middle toward Pilot Knob, General Marmaduke on the right about ten miles distant, and General Shelby at the same distance on the left.
Each column took in the towns and villages within its reach, occasionally driving out or destroying a small party of militia, converged at Fredericktown, and moved on to the front of Pilot Knob, where they halted the night of September 26th.
The next day was to witness Price's first engagement and his humiliating defeat, and on the Union side one of the most brilliant achievements of the war.
BATTLE OF PILOT KNOB.
Pilot Knob is 86 miles southwest of St. Louis. It was then the terminus of the Iron Mountain railroad from St. Louis, a central depot for military supplies for southeast Missouri, and the site of large and very important ironworks. The chief defense was an earthwork called Fort Davidson, which was simply a large bastion, then mounting four siege guns and three large howitzers. It stood in a rounded plain or basin, surrounded except on the northwest by steep hills five or six hundred feet high. Field guns planted on any of these hills could fire directly into the fort, and there were no bomb-proofs. From the east hills a creek ran westward across the plain 500 yards south of the fort and then turned to the northwest. Along the east side of this stream was the road to Potosi, a Post 20 miles north. A curtain of rifle pits ran out on the east and west sides of the fort, facing southward. Directly south of the fort was a gap between two of the hills, through which came the road from the south, the way the enemy would be expected to come.
The night of September 24th Rosecrans heard that Price was nearing Pilot Knob. He directed Brigadier-General Thomas Ewing, Jr., then commanding the District of St. Louis, which included Pilot Knob, to take one brigade of Smith's division and patrol and garrison the railroad. Ewing was busy in these duties, the morning of the 26th, forty miles north of Pilot Knob, when scouts reported the enemy at Fredericktown, twenty miles southeast of it. He took five companies of the 14th Iowa Infantry, veterans, and went down to Pilot Knob by rail. He found Major Wilson, of the State Militia, in command, gathering his men from small posts in the district and preparing for defense. Wilson has got together eight companies from different regiments of volunteers, raw troops who had just been enlisted, eight companies of the State Militia, seven of them mounted and one dismounted, one battery of field guns and two mortars. With these and the 14th Iowa detachment, Ewing could number 1051 officers and men. He at once organized all into a defensive force, and also armed and organized the men employed in the quartermaster and commissary departments, with some citizens, so that, altogether, he had a mixed lot of about 1200 to hold the fort.
A reconnoitring force, sent out as soon as Ewing arrived, returned within a few hours, reporting the rebel advance not far beyond Ironton, a village two miles south of the fort; but it was yet uncertain whether it was part or all of Price's force. Ewing thereupon sent down to Ironton the four companies of the 14th Iowa and all his mounted men, the best half of his command, under Major Wilson, to feel of the enemy and if possible drive him back. This was apparently successful, but it turned out that only Price's advance had been met. During the night Wilson had to retire to Ironton, and at daybreak he was pushed back to the gap, which he then attempted to hold.
Ewing's orders had been to hold the fort against any mere detachment, and to evacuate if the main army of the rebels should appear; but he could not yet learn the numbers of those advancing; there were large Quantities of supplies at the post; the ironworks were of great importance, and there would be great advantages in delaying the enemy two or three days and in making a stubborn fight. To gain these advantages and to develop the plans of the enemy by conflict Ewing determined to hold on.
And then this bold young general, who came from the State where in those days generals grew, and who was schooled in Kansas where, a little earlier, men learned the courage of their convictions, performed one of the most brilliant deeds of the war, without a parallel unless it be in Corse's defense of Allatoona.
It was not, indeed, Price's whole force that was advancing upon him, but the two divisions of Fagan and Marmaduke, with ten guns, numbering nine or ten thousand. The third division, Shelby's, had been sent, by a westward circuit, to strike the railroad twenty miles north of the fort, which was successfully done, and thus General Smith was prevented from reinforcing or communicating with Ewing.
Ewing directed Wilson to hold the gap by fighting at the southern end, and if overpowered to fall back along the hillside, so as to be out of the range of the fort guns. Wilson resisted long and obstinately. Marmaduke tried to flank him by going westward around or over the western hill, but as soon as his men appeared they were picked off by skirmishers and broken up by the howitzers in the fort. Then a larger force was pushed into the gap along the hillsides, and Wilson was driven back; but all the guns of the fort could be turned in that direction, which was done, and the gap was again cleared and again seized by Wilson.
For an hour now no further attempt was made. Then Price advanced his entire force, covering the gap and the hills on both sides, and Ewing's men retired to the fort. The rifle pits were manned, supported by two of the field guns, and a plenty of canister was supplied to the guns in the fort, to sweep the plain. The lines of the enemy were seen coming down the slopes of the two hills in front. On the west hill they had planted four guns within 800 yards of the fort, and were getting its range and dropping shell into it.Under cover of this fire, Price ordered an assault. Each of his two division generals present had urged the assault and had assured Price that he could with his division take the fort within a few minutes. Martnaduke's line was formed near the foot of the west hill, facing the southwest front of the fort, and Fagan's near the foot of the east hill, facing the southeast front. There were six brigades and several unattached commands in these lines, a seventh brigade having been sent, mounted, round the west hill and across the creek to the Potosi road, to cut off retreat in that direction. Fagan's line was more or less broken by the necessity of moving through the village of Pilot Knob, and Marmaduke's by the ravines, rocks, and fallen trees in his way; but they advanced steadily.
With canister and shell Ewing swept the slopes, and when the lines reached the plain his muskets had easy and destructive range. Marmaduke's men would not stand it. When they reached the creek and found they were sheltered in its dry bed they stuck there. Only a part went further and hardly a hundred approached the ditch under the fort. Then the survivors turned and fled, and, getting again into the dry creek, they hugged that safe position until after dark.
Fagan's men did better. They moved up with fine courage, though harassed and disordered by a few companies which obstinately occupied several positions of advantage in succession and retired only when the muskets in the fort and east rifle pits could open at short range. Then they made a rush for the ditch and the advance reached it, but they too then lost heart and fled, leaving the plain covered with dead and wounded.
Meantime Fagan's mounted brigade, which had flanked the fort on the west and taken the Potosi road, moved down from the north, but was met by a sortie and fierce attack from the rifle pits and driven off. Desultory firing followed in front, at long range, for an hour, and night closed the conflict.
Ewing now found that Price himself was there, with two of his divisions, and that Shelby's third division was between him and St. Louis. He believed he had been attacked by 12,000 men with ten guns, and these numbers were not much beyond the truth. But he did not know that Price had sent north for Shelby's division to aid in the next assault, nor that Shelby, without receiving the order, was already moving down by night. He was expected to come by the Potosi road, a movement which would have cut off Ewing's retreat, but it happened that he followed the railroad, on a line parallel with the Potosi road and a few miles east of it. Ewing had lost a full quarter of his men, had but 900 left, and these were worn by two days' strenuous efforts, one whole day in fighting.
He saw that fighting outside the fort was hopeless, and he felt sure that daylight would find all the enemy's guns planted on the hillsides, firing directly into the fort. His last news of General Smith's forces was that two regiments were at Mineral Point, near Potosi, twenty-three miles north, but Shelby had cut the telegraph line and the railroad. He determined to evacuate. It was the only chance to escape surrender or destruction.
On the Potosi road the enemy had had no guns and only the mounted brigade which had been driven off. Ewing hoped that it had left the road or that he could evade it or, if necessary, drive it again. At any rate it was the only road or pass not found heavily guarded. To add to his troubles a great fire at the neighboring ironworks, burning a vast pile of charcoal, lighted up the fort and valley like noonday.
But nothing could daunt this splendid soldier. He sent out scouting parties to clear the village and the valley of any straggling or reconnoitring rebels, and kept his chain of pickets alert; and, to diminish the chances of discovery, he did not begin preparations till midnight. Then he had his men busy, filling knapsacks, haversacks, and cartridge boxes, and piling on or near the magazine all the materials he could not take away but which the rebels might. At three o'clock, the infantry, led by Colonel Fletcher, of the 47th Missouri, afterward governor of Missouri, moved out into the ditch and through the upper rifle pit, and formed in a deep shadow. The cavalry and guns went over the drawbridge, after covering it with tents and soft stuff to prevent noise. Some one was left to make sure of the firing of the magazine before daybreak.
Now the forlorn column took the road and moved as fast as could be done quietly. The fires of a camp were seen on the right and another on the left, but not a rebel was met.
There is a romantic tale told by Confederate officers since the war, to explain their failure to watch this road. It is the old story of the impressionable young brigadier and the fascinating lady who wiles him and his staff away from their posts, to a feast in her mansion, until the plans of her friends succeed. There was in fact a brigade of Arkansans, commanded by Colonel Dobbin, directed to hold this road; but whether it was the deceitfulness of woman or only commonplace neglect of duty that caused his failure I do not know.
Ewing pushed his column more and more rapidly. Ten miles away, before the day broke, he heard the explosion of the magazine, and knew that if a pursuit was not already begun it would soon begin. He sent a party across the country, to reach the troops at Mineral Point and have them march down to meet him, but it had to return with the report that these regiments had fallen back toward St. Louis and that Shelby had taken Potosi. Ewing at once turned off westward, on the road to Rolla. Shelby had in fact halted on the Potosi road, only a few miles ahead, and was waiting for Ewing to appear.
At sundown this plucky little column had made thirty-one miles from Pilot Knob. But both Shelby and Marmaduke were closing up in pursuit with their men mounted. Learning that the further road to Rolla was mostly open and easily attacked by cavalry, Ewing now turned off to the northeast, toward Harrison, thirty-five miles distant, and marched all night. He meant to gain the advantage of a road which ran for many miles along the side of a steep ridge, where his column could not be flanked. In the morning, just after the ridge was reached, the enemy's advance charged upon the rear, but Ewing kept his veterans and two guns there, and it was impracticable to flank him. Repeated attempts to break the rear were made, and fighting went on all day. Near Harrison the country became open and the whole command had to be kept fighting in rear and on both flanks. But night came to their relief and they got into Harrison. The horses were sheltered in a railway cut and the men posted behind barricades of railway ties and buildings, where they received and repulsed another assault.
Now a train of cars appeared from St. Louis, carrying stores to Rolla. Ewing turned out the goods and put in his men, but before he could move he saw that the stations nearest Harrison, on both sides, were burning. He took the men off the cars and spent the night fortifying.
At daybreak the enemy appeared in force, and held their position all day, but did not assault until night, when again they failed. But they maintained a constant fire from skirmish lines, while Ewing kept all the men possible at work in strengthening his defenses. All that night too was devoted to this work, though there were frequent harassing alarms. Saturday morning Price showed larger forces and drew in nearer, with an incessant skirmish fire. Every moment an assault was expected. Ewing had sent to Rolla and Franklin, the nearest posts, and to St. Louis, for help, but no word came back to him. Suddenly, early in the afternoon, the rebels withdrew from the front, and two hours later 500 men of the 17th Illinois Cavalry rode in from Rolla. There was still a night's march before Ewing's devoted band, but there was no more fighting, and the next day it was safe under the guns at Rolla.
Seven days these stubborn fellows had been "on the jump," as they say in the west, three days and nights they had marched, covering nearly 100 miles, three days and nights they had been fighting and fortifying, always against many times their number, and all with no thought in the mind of their fearless and indefatigable leader except that of compelling success. One third of his men were lost, but for these the enemy had had to pay four or five for one. At Pilot Knob alone Price's killed and wounded were reported by the post-surgeon there at over 1500.
To the unfortunate Price it must have seemed that he had struck a tiger, but to those of us who have had the privilege of knowing General Ewing he was not a tiger at all, but a gentle, kindly man, a lofty, unyielding patriot.
It was a disastrous day for Price. Of course he tried to minimize it in his official report, but it stands out in his court of inquiry; and it is plain enough in the records that it changed his mind and his plans and was a serious blow to his confidence of the success of his campaign.
He marched on toward St. Louis, but when within forty miles he turned to the left, sent a brigade to take Washington, a small town on the Missouri, forty miles from St. Louis, and then moved west upon Jefferson City. He reports that he had learned that the defenses of St. Louis were so strong that it would not be prudent to attack them; and so he easily abandoned that first great goal of his campaign and set out for the second,-the capture of the State capital. His men were very active, making extra marches, capturing small posts, sometimes by assault, sometimes without, breaking up the Pacific railroad, then in construction, burning bridges, plundering towns and farms, and making a wide swath of desolation. On October 4th he passed the Gasconade River, after some resistance by the militia, but at the Osage River, twelve miles from Jefferson City, and at the Moreau, six miles, he met some experienced troops and had to fight hard, suffering severely and losing, among other officers, one of his best brigadiers, Colonel Shanks. The next day, October 7th, he appeared before Jefferson City with all his force.
The care of Generals Rosecrans and Smith had been chiefly for St. Louis. Smith had withdrawn his infantry to the north of the Meramec, within ten miles of the city. Now he marched west toward Washington, and such other troops as were available were sent up the Missouri on boats. The scattered parts of Sanborn's division of the militia cavalry were hurried toward Jefferson City, and managed to concentrate there before the investment was complete, though not without a sharp brush with Price's left. General Clinton B. Fisk had been ordered to take command at Jefferson City, and by the time Price appeared he had gathered a heterogeneous body of over 7000 men, about half being Sanborn’s militia cavalry and the remainder enrolled militia, unorganized volunteers, stray detachments, and citizens. But there was a good line of entrenchments, and he manned them with the dismounted militia cavalry, as being the most experienced troops, holding the others in reserve, but keeping them busy digging more rifle pits.
Price's great fault was slowness. He spent all of October 7th in drawing up his lines and exchanging useless artillery fire with Fisk. During the night his movements indicated a complete investment, but in the morning, after threatening an attack on Fisk's right, he withdrew, and a reconnoisance disclosed that he was marching to the west. Sanborn's cavalry was immediately mounted and set to work harassing the rear. He moved his brigades on the different roads taken by Price's divisions, and kept them all occupied in petty fighting till Boonville was reached.
Price says he had information that there were 15,000 Union troops at Jefferson City and 24,000 more moving upon him from St. Louis a report two or three times as great as the fact. But his experience at Pilot Knob was probably the secret spring of his present caution. It would be a long time before he could again get his wild riders to assault earthworks. So, as he had easily given up his first great object of taking St. Louis upon an extravagant report of- its strength which he made no effort to verify, so now he did the same thing at the State capital, his one other grand goal.
What the thoughts and the language of the crushed Governor Reynolds were as he rode away from the capital and the official mansion he had so long coveted and so long labored to reach, from which he was now separated only by some entrenchments and militia, without striking a blow, probably no man could adequately tell. Certain papers which he wrote two months later, though showing heroic attempts at restraint, are yet lurid in meaning.
THE ATTEMPT UPON KANSAS.
In his official report Price keeps up a pretence that after he left Jefferson City he was still seeking the proclaimed objects of his campaign, and he talks of the people rallying to his standard, the gathering of recruits, and the capture of arms and ammunition for them; but within a few days he decided that he would not be able to protect and feed so many, and that anyhow there were not enough arms to be had. He shows that he now considered his march as simply a big raid, the goal of which was Kansas. Afterthoughts are sometimes in striking contrast to forethoughts.
There was nothing to be got in Kansas which could not be got more plentifully and more easily in Missouri, and retreat southward through Missouri would be easier and safer than through Kansas. The real motive of a march through Kansas, a free State which had not yet seen a Confederate campaign, may reasonably be guessed.
Major-General Curtis, commanding the Department of Kansas, had suspected from the beginning that Price had Kansas in mind, and before Price reached Missouri he was busily engaged in preparing to defend Kansas against him. He collected his troops from distant points in the Indian country, called upon the governor of Kansas to turn out the militia, and got into an active correspondence with
Rosecrans and other general officers in Missouri. By the time Price reached Jefferson City Curtis had his forces gathered and organized near Kansas City. He had about 5000 U. S. volunteer cavalry, nearly all being Kansas regiments under General Blunt, about the same number of Kansas militia under General Deitzler, and thirty field guns, mostly small howitzers.
Meantime the pursuit from St. Louis was kept up, but for ten days it was infantry following cavalry. General Smith was too prudent to move his infantry far from St. Louis as long as Price threatened that place, but Price's march was clearly westward. Smith set out after him. The destruction of bridges and some uncertainty as to Price's movements, however, caused delays, so that Smith did not reach Jefferson City until October 13th, five days after Price's departure.
Mower's division of Smith's command was still more unlucky. It had been sent from Cape Girardeau to St. Louis on boats, and on the 9th, still in the boats, it moved on up the Missouri River, ordered to Jefferson City; but the water was low and the sand-bars numerous, and these brigades did not reach Jefferson City until the 15th and 18th, when Smith and the other division were seventy miles further west and moving. Mower landed and set out to join by forced marches, making twenty-five miles a day and one day thirty-three. They did finally join on the border of Kansas, but both divisions had to see that their heroic efforts were wasted. They were one day behind the preliminary engagement and seventy miles behind the decisive battle. They were halted and rested, and then returned to St. Louis.
Winslow's cavalry, which had marched with Mower through Arkansas, had a different experience. It also went from Cape Girardeau to St. Louis on boats, but was stopped at St. Louis long enough for reclothing and for shoeing and replacing horses, and on October 11th marched for Jefferson City.
It reached there on the 16th, and found itself under the orders of Major-General Pleasanton. He had been a conspicuous cavalry commander in the Army of the Potomac, and was now in charge of one of the districts of the Department of Missouri.
His present orders were to organize all the cavalry in the campaign into a provisional division, and to operate in conjunction with Smith's infantry. He effected an organization in four brigades, three of them being Sanborn's militia cavalry already spoken of, commanded by Generals Sanborn, Brown, and McNeil, and the fourth Winslow's. Winslow's brigade had been diminished by detachment and casualties until it now numbered about 1200. It was composed of detachments from the 2d and 3d Iowa, 4th and 10th Missouri, and 7th Indiana, all of them old regiments. With Sanborn's militia, the division contained about 5500 men. The militia brigades had each a section of artillery, but there were no guns with Winslow's brigade. The most of Winslow's men, however, had the Spencer carbine.
On the 10th Price had occupied Boonville, on the Missouri, sixty miles above Jefferson City, with Sanborn's cavalry harassing him flank and rear. He reports that he captured at Boonville a lot of arms and received 1200 to 1500 recruits. He sent detachments in all directions to get arms and ammunition, to destroy railways, steamboats, and other property, some of them under murderous guerilla chiefs who were not officers of his army; and he sent two generals and three brigades to capture Glasgow, a small town on the north bank of the river defended by Colonel Chester Harding, who, on his way down the river, happened to stop there the day before with 600 men but no artillery. After an obstinate resistance of eight hours, and driven to the last position of defense, Harding surrendered, and Price got 500 prisoners and about 1000 small arms. The stores for which the enemy had come Harding had destroyed. This was the most important success of Price in the whole campaign.
Then he moved on toward Lexington and reached it on the 19th. Lexington is on the Missouri, about 150 miles northwest from Jefferson City. General Curtis had already sent General Blunt from Kansas City, with his division of volunteers, to meet Price. The Kansas militia had refused to leave their State. General Blunt reached Lexington on the 18th, and waited one day for news of the militia which he still hoped would be sent to reinforce him. Price promptly attacked him, and, having heavier artillery and a country easy for flanking, drove him back toward Kansas City. Blunt retreated until he reached the Little Blue River, a stream flowing north to the Missouri, twenty miles east from Kansas City. The west bank of this river is bold and rough, and Blunt undertook to defend it. But, unfortunately, under conflicting orders he first moved the greater part of his force to Independence, ten miles further west, and then returned it to the Little Blue. Meantime Price's advance arrived and forced the crossing, and then with continuous fighting Blunt was driven back to Independence. From this place he retreated by night westward to the west bank of the Big Blue River, where he found Curtis busily engaged constructing defenses. This was the night of October 21st. Curtis had induced the Kansas militia to cross the border for operations in the vicinity of Kansas City, and the Big Blue was only five miles from that place.
Pleasanton was all this time following Price with the militia cavalry, striking his rear and flanks as opportunity offered, but deferring any serious engagement until the arrival of Winslow's brigade. Winslow, on leaving Jefferson City, had marched by the most direct route toward Kansas City, instead of following the course of the river as Price and Pleasanton had done. He was frequently delayed in crossing streams where the bridges had been destroyed, but the last two days he made seventy-five miles, reaching Independence in the afternoon of October 22d.
Here Pleasanton was found, his front being then engaged with Price's rear, just west of the town. There had been a great opportunity, for Curtis had met Price's advance at the Big Blue, five miles ahead, and resisted the passage. Between the two forces Price ought to have been hurt; but for some reason action was not vigorous enough, and Price crossed the river at Byram's Ford. His first division was over and moving toward Kansas City, six miles distant.
Pleasanton, who had, practically, been waiting for days to get Winslow's experienced troopers in his front, now immediately ordered the brigade into action; and without stopping at Independence it rode on to the front. The 3d Iowa, being the head of the column, drove in the enemy's rear guard and with the aid of the 10th Missouri, which made a vigorous dash upon his right, compelled Marmaduke who commanded the division, to dismount and face a new enemy, while he slowly yielded. Night came on, but Winslow pressed forward, with occasional volleys, and crowded Marmaduke into the river, though not then aware of that effect. Marmaduke's report shows that he was in great trouble during the night between the necessities of constant defense at short range and of crossing the river in darkness. But, as the hills at this point are on the east side of the river and precipitous, there was no reaching the ford with artillery, and Marmaduke got over before morning.
Price now faced about and formed his whole command for battle. His belief was that Smith had come up with a large body of veteran infantry and cavalry. Shelby's division was his left wing, at Westport, facing north on Kansas City, Marmaduke's the right wing, facing east on the Big Blue, and Fagan's the center, on the Independence road. Curtis had fallen back before him and was in position with his right on the Kansas State line, facing south, in front of Shelby, and his left facing east in front of Fagan. This left Pleasanton on the east bank of the Big Blue, in front of Marmaduke, who held the west bank, five miles from Curtis and separated from him not only by Marmaduke's division, but also, practically, by Fagan's.
Pleasanton was thus attacking Price's right wing, while Curtis held his left and center.
The militia cavalry of Sanborn and Winslow's brigade gave Pleasanton here a force of about 5500, while Curtis had a motley command of 12,000 to 15,000, composed of Blunt's Kansas cavalry, a division of Kansas militia, many small detachments of various kinds hurried in from various posts, and many armed citizens; but he had no time for careful organization or careful dispositions.
BATTLES OF THE BIG BLUE AND WESTPORT.
At the earliest light on the 23d Winslow moved on toward the Big Blue, and Pleasanton added one of the Missouri brigades to his command. This was General Brown's, now under Colonel Phillips. The enemy began to throw shell from a low plateau 500 yards west of the river. Winslow ordered Phillips to take his brigade through the ford and move by the left around the right of this position, while he sent one battalion of the 4th Iowa, dismounted, to wade across on his own right and drive off the enemy's skirmishers. Two guns were opened on the enemy to cover these movements. Both crossings were made under sharp fire, with some loss, and the remainder of Winslow's brigade then crossed easily, quickly dismounted, and charged Marmaduke's position in front. Marmaduke ought to have held on, having his whole division there, but a second charge broke him, and he moved off rapidly to the west. Unfortunately, at the moment of success, Winslow was severely wounded in the leg. He attempted to continue the command in the saddle and then in an ambulance, but was compelled to give up.
Marmaduke's lively imagination led him to report of this affair that he was "attacked with great fierceness by an overwhelming force and after a most strenuous resistance had to fall back before the foe," none of which was true except the falling back. He must have had twice the numbers of the attacking force and certainly had twice as many guns.
But, though this was not a great battle, it was highly important in its results. While it was going on Curtis and Blunt were fighting a bigger and hotter battle with Shelby and Fagan. All the forenoon they were bitterly struggling with Kansas City for the stake, sometimes one driving the other back and sometimes yielding a mile or so.
It was in this battle that Price first made his novel use of unarmed men. He had about 3000 in a brigade under a Colonel Charles H. Tyler. He held them in line within view of his enemy, more or less under fire, and with a line of armed skirmishers in front. Of course they moved from time to time, as the action required, to make a show of numbers.
The losses were heavy on both sides, but before noon the rebels suddenly ceased to attack, and soon were seen mounted and moving rapidly southward over the prairie. This was due to Marmaduke's defeat by Winslow, which had broken off Price's right flank, and compelled him to withdraw his whole force. And the next blow of Winslow's brigade turned this movement into a rapid retreat.
When Marmaduke was driven off Pleasanton moved Sanborn's and McNeil's brigades across the river and sent them directly westward, in column of companies, converging with Price's march southward from Westport. Sanborn, in advance, struck the left of Shelby's division on a prairie, and there was another fight. As Shelby had to get out he was ugly, and Sanborn's brigade was roughly handled and thrust aside.
Winslow's brigade had now come under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick W. Benteen, of the 10th Missouri Cavalry, a remarkably fine officer, who afterward distinguished himself in the regular army in many campaigns against the Indians. As the brigade had been relieved by the other brigades after the defeat of Marmaduke and was under no orders, Colonel Benteen sent the men into a large cornfield to feed their horses. While the horses were feeding the noise of battle to the west was heard, and presently both sides in the conflict appeared over a swell of the prairie. It was Shelby pressing back Sanborn and McNeil. Seeing now in the cornfield still another enemy, Shelby's gunners began to throw shells.
Benteen did not wait for news or orders. His trumpeter sounded To horse! and quickly the brigade was out of the field, formed in column of companies on the open prairie. Half a mile in front, along a low swell of the prairie, was the enemy's line, with two guns firing, but firing too high. Nothing between but the tall light grass.
Forward! rang out from a score of bugles, followed by Trot! and then Gallop! Shelby now had four guns throwing shot as fast as possible, but there was little time for that, and the range was high. His small arms rattled with desperate speed, and the air was thick with smoke in his front, but not a shot was fired from the advancing column. No sound from them but the scream of bugles and the pounding feet of their galloping horses. As one man they rode, without check or waver, like Fate rushing upon her victim. Within 200 yards Benteen ordered On the left into line! and then Charge! the bugles screamed. Rarely has there been a scene like that. Benteen meant to break the line first and fight afterward.
But the enemy would not stand it. Before they were reached they broke and fled in the utmost precipitation, scattering widely toward the south, fighting more or less as individuals, but mostly trying to escape only. The brigade was recalled, formed, and pursued four miles, until the rebels gained the cover of a range of wooded hills behind a rocky creek. General Curtis then appeared, with Blunt and the Kansas cavalry. Curtis was superior in rank to Pleasanton, and he took command of both forces and went into bivouac.
It was clear now that Price's only course must be a retreat south to the Arkansas River, but there was some confusion of counsel as to whether pursuit should be made, and Curtis did not make a start until the next day. He had Blunt's division and Pleasanton's, together about 9000 cavalry, with twelve or fifteen light guns. Price had as many guns and more men, but he had lost a large part of his best men, and a mass of green recruits or conscripts and unarmed men encumbered rather than aided him. He persisted in keeping up a long train, and he had been marching nearly two months. He was not at all as strong as he looked; but Curtis was cautious.
At ten A.M. on the 24th the column set out in pursuit, with Blunt in front. The way led over wild prairie, directly south, in Missouri but near the Kansas border. No attempt to check was made by Price, except by burning the prairie grass, which was not effective, and the pursuers rode sixty-four miles without stopping, except to feed the horses and make coffee. Then, at four in the morning, Price's rear was struck at the river Osage or Marais des Cygnes. The ford was deep and miry, the enemy had been all night crossing, and his rear was still on the north side. Two low hills or "mounds" covered the ford and were defended. It was very dark and raining. As soon as there was light enough the hill on the right was taken by the 4th Iowa, in a dismounted rush, while the other hill fell to another regiment, and the rebels not yet over the river were captured, with a lot of loaded wagons and one gun. Meantime Colonel Benteen had found the river fordable farther up, and a part of the division crossed there. All were over by ten o'clock. General Blunt's division was far behind.
BATTLE OF MINE CREEK.
The rain had ceased, the sun shone brilliantly, the air was bracing, and the scene was again a great prairie. Benteen's brigade was the last of Pleasanton's division to leave the river, but within a few miles it passed two of the Missouri brigades, The third one, Phillips's, was still ahead.
As Price could not be far in advance, the formation was in column of companies. At about twelve o'clock the advanced skirmishers reported the enemy halted. Benteen moved his command forward at a trot, and, on reaching the crest of one of the prairie ridges, saw what appeared to be the whole of Price's army. It was in fact the two divisions of Fagan and Marmaduke, the division of Shelby, with Price and the train, being then five or six miles further south.
A marshy little stream called Mine Creek was the immediate cause of the halt. It had been very troublesome to the rebels, though they had been using two crossings. Fagan and Marrnaduke had got perhaps a third of their men over, when they saw that they must turn and fight. They formed in two lines, mounted, with the creek at their backs. There were four guns in battery at the middle of the line and two at each end. Marmaduke's division was the right wing and Fagan's the left. On the south side of the creek was another lesser line with two guns. There must have been 6000 men in these lines. Small trees were scattered along the stream, but all the rest on all sides was open prairie.
Phillips's brigade was seen half a mile further back and on the light, but neither of the other Missouri brigades was in sight. Benteen saw at once the bad position of the enemy in relation to the creek. He sent an officer at high speed to Phillips, to tell him that he was going to charge and begging him to join. He did not wait for other troops to come up, nor even for orders from Pleasanton, who was in the rear. He threw his men into column of regiments, the 10th Missouri in front, the 4th Iowa second, the 3d Iowa third, and the small detachments of the 4th Missouri and 8th Indiana last. He had now about 1100 men. He took the right of the advanced regiment and ordered Trot! and Gallop! intending to charge in column of regiments. The enemy was only musket range distant, and was already firing. Benteen's regiment in front, the 10th Missouri, suddenly balked, and checked all those behind. Benteen then ordered Charge! and put himself in the lead. The regiment braced up and moved again, but only enough to clear the confusion in the rear. It was unaccountable, for these were men of long experience and many battles. Benteen rode out full in the front, his hat gone, his long hair flying, his sword swinging about his head, his face white with anger and his voice roaring Charge! with fierce profanity. Phillips's brigade had also started forward, but had already halted, and began filing on the rebel left at long range.
The commander of the 4th Iowa happened to be the genius for this awkward situation. He was Major Pierce, a long, clumsy Yankee, who had never been specially distinguished, and was never supposed to possess military ability. Seeing Benteen's difficulty, he galloped to the left of his own regiment, which, because of its larger numbers, projected to the left of the regiment in front the length of about two companies. That is, between these two companies and the enemy there was a free field.
Major Pierce had a great scheme in his head. He ordered his own regiment forward from the left in column of fours, and as the column drew out around the left of the advanced regiment, he placed himself at its head, ordered "Trot!-Gallop!-Charge!" and rode right at the rebel line. His column struck near its right flank and went through like a cannon-ball. The remainder of the brigade at once followed up the charge, and almost before it could be told the whole of Marmaduke's division was in hopeless confusion and Fagan's breaking. Phillips then brought his brigade up in a charge against Fagan, and the rout of the whole force was complete. Within a few minutes, more than a thousand rebels were killed, wounded or captured, while Marmaduke and three brigade commanders, with five of the eight guns, were captured. Fagan tried to hold the remainder of the rebels on the south side of the creek, but his resistance was feeble, three more guns were lost, and the whole command galloped away across the prairie, with no appearance of order.
When a battle had appeared imminent reports had been sent on to Price, who was with Shelby's division, six miles ahead. By a singular irony of fate Price was at that moment engaged with Shelby in planning an attack upon the town of Fort Scott, a few miles beyond, which was garrisoned by a small force and contained large supplies. But now he ordered Shelby's division back to the support of Marmaduke and Fagan, and he rode with it himself. His shock and distress may be imagined when he met the flying fragments of the two divisions, without guns and without order. He describes them as in "utter and indescribable confusion, many having thrown away their arms, deaf to all entreaties and commands, and in vain all efforts to rally them." He let them all go and turned to Shelby, his last hope. But Shelby never lost his head, and the men who followed him were dare-devils. With characteristic courage he undertook to save the day. He occupied several advantageous positions in succession, only falling back under attack, and thus protecting the broken divisions and saving the train until nightfall.
The victorious cavalrymen dropped upon the grass and fell asleep holding their bridles, too tired to care whether there was fire or food. In three days they had gone nearly 100 miles, had fought five battles, and had had little sleep, the last night none.
The next morning, more tired than ever and stiff with cold, they dragged into Fort Scott, where they had plenty of food and fire, and were allowed a day's rest.
It was the end of Price. He redoubled his efforts to get away. He destroyed the greater part of his train, abandoned all things not of stern necessity, closed up the remainder of his command, and hurried into the mountain wilderness of southwest Missouri. General Blunt, with the Kansas cavalry, by forced marches, overtook his rear three days later and at once attacked, but Shelby's division held him back in a stubborn engagement until night and then withdrew.
A LONG PURSUIT.
That was the last seen of Price by the pursuing column, although the pursuit was kept up ten days longer. Winslow's brigade ought now to have been released and returned to its own army. In fact orders had already been issued by Sherman and Thomas to bring it into Tennessee to join Thomas, then pitted against Hood. The Kansas and Missouri troops were more than enough to finish the work with Price. But Rosecrans made no effort to execute these orders, while Curtis directly ordered the brigade to go with him, and Colonel Benteen deemed it his duty to obey. So the Missouri troops, who had been in the field one month, were now all returned to their permanent camps, while Winslow's men, who had marched near a thousand miles to help them, and had been out two months, were now sent on into the wilderness for a third month.
The road led through the Ozarks of southwest Missouri, the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas and Indian Territory, to the Arkansas River, beyond Tahlequah, the Indian capital. The weather became very bad, storms of rain and snow alternating with hard freezing. Rations were cut down and finally disappeared. For ten days there were no commissary supplies. Corn meal and flour were picked up in small lots by foragers, apples were found, and there was on some days a scanty supply of beef from cattle that had been dropped out of Price's herds. But the horses suffered more. Very little corn was found, the snow covered the grass, and for two or three days they could eat only twigs and such dry grass as was tall enough to rise above the snow.
In the afternoon of November 7th, the advance of the pursuing column reached the Arkansas River. The last of the enemy had got over a few hours before. But their numbers had sadly dwindled. Hundreds and thousands had deserted, and Price crossed the river with only a few thousand men and three or four guns.
This was the farthest point of pursuit proposed by any of the several generals who issued orders for this badly managed campaign. But an order was now received from Halleck, directing whoever might be in command to release Winslow's brigade at once and send it to Nashville, where Thomas was straining every nerve to meet Hood.
That night the little brigade lay down in their blankets on the bank of the Arkansas in this wilderness, without any supper, and were again covered by a deep snow. But the morning was the 8th of November, election day - "McClellan and peace at any price" against "Lincoln and the vigorous prosecution of the war." They could not make their vote official, but the Iowa men went through the forms and voted unanimously for "Lincoln and the vigorous prosecution of the war." And they had " prosecuted the war" so vigorously in this campaign that from that time until Kirby Smith surrendered there was no march of the enemy and no fighting other than small bushwhacking in Missouri or Arkansas.
Source:Source: Scott, W., 1904. The Last Fight for Missouri. Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion. Address delivered before the Commandery of the State of New York, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, February 3, 1904. Published by the Commandery, Astor Place, New York: J.J. Little & Co. 1907, Volume 3, pgs.292-328.
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Qantas had its own dramatic ‘’snakes on a plane'’ episode when a three-metre python joined passengers on an early morning flight to Papua New Guinea.
But unlike Samuel L. Jackson’s 2006 fictional Hollywood blockbuster in which a nest of vipers causes death and destruction on a jet, this reptile was concerned only with self-preservation.
QF191 was about 20 minutes into its 6.15am flight from Cairns to Port Moresby on Thursday when a woman pointed outside the plane and told cabin crew: ‘’There’s a snake on the wing … There’s its head and if you look closely you can see a fraction of its body.'’
Squeezy the Pension Python, having disappeared shortly after being fumigated by Illinois Gov Pat Quinn for failing to solve the huge debt problem there was recently seen during an episode of the reptile reality TV show “SNAKES ALIVE” featuring their most popular stunt - jumbo gulp contest!
Squeezy has reportedly filed suit against the show for failing to pay into his pension fund.
Squeezey had been staying with the Governor, and was hungry after he realized there was nothing in the refrigerator. Since he was also very tired from working with the Governor night and day, Squeezey decided to take a vacation.
Gov. Quinn: If you don’t get in that plane you’ll regret it. Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow, but soon and for the rest of your life… Last Session others said a great many things. Squeezy, you said I was to do the thinking for both of us. Well, I’ve done a lot of it since then, and it all adds up to one thing: you’re getting on that plane with SB1 where you belong.
Squeezy: But, Patrick, no…
Gov. Quinn: Now, you’ve got to listen to me! You have any idea what you’d have to look forward to if you stayed here? Nine chances out of ten, we’d both wind up in the Rules Committee, with no chance of passage. Isn’t that true, John?
President Cullerton: I’m afraid that Speaker Madigan would insist.
Squeezy: You’re saying this only to make me go.
Gov. Quinn: I’m saying it because it’s true. Inside of us, we both know you belong in “The Jungle Book” with Mowgli. You’re part of his story, the thing that keeps the plot going. If that plane leaves the ground and you’re not going to Mowgli, you’ll regret it. Maybe not today. Maybe not tomorrow, but soon and for the rest of your life.
Squeezy: But what about us?
Gov. Quinn: We’ll always have Paris (Illinois. Sorry - soccermom, I stole it from you!). We didn’t have, …we lost it… until you came to the State Capitol. We got it back the last night of the 97th Session.
Squeezy: When I said I would never leave you.
Gov. Quinn: And you never will. But I’ve got a job to do, too. Where I’m going, you can’t follow. What I’ve got to do, you can’t be any part of. Squeezy, I’m no good at being noble, but it doesn’t take much to see that the problems of a governor and his kooky made-up snake don’t amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world. Someday you’ll understand that. Now, now…
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Everything is a Project …. EVERYTHING!!
IT Asset Management
IT asset management (ITAM) is the set of business practices that join financial, contractual and inventory functions to support life cycle management and strategic decision making for the IT environment. Assets include all elements of software and hardware that are found in the business environment.
IT asset management (also called IT inventory management) is an important part of an organization’s strategy. It usually involves gathering detailed hardware and software inventory information which is then used to make decisions about hardware and software purchases and redistribution. IT inventory management helps organizations manage their systems more effectively and saves time and money by avoiding unnecessary asset purchases and promoting the harvesting of existing resources. Organizations that develop and maintain an effective IT asset management program further minimize the incremental risks and related costs of advancing IT portfolio infrastructure projects based on old, incomplete and/or less accurate information. ( source: Wikipedia)
Ripplewave is pioneering IT Asset Management in the corporate space. See our white paper on SMART DNA.
We aim to develop proper Software, hardware and Service management for our clients.
We allow our clients to have a clear conscience on the software they purchase, the hardware they use and most of all, the service levels the company is enjoying.
The following article will help elucidate IT Asset management.
Seven Best Practices For IT Asset Management.
WRITTEN BY Emma Kula
POSTED IN TAGS: ASSET MANAGEMENT, ASSET TRACKING, IT ASSET MANAGEMENT, ITAM, LICENSE COMPLIANCE, SOFTWARE ASSET MANAGEMENT, SOFTWARE AUDIT
As experts in the field of IT Asset Management (if we do say so ourselves…), we have come across numerous ideas, through research and practice, of what the “best practices” should be. We have compiled a concise list of what we believe to be the top 7 best practices for ITAM that every IT pro should know. Have a read, watch the video, and study up – you’ll be well on your way to becoming a seasoned ITAM expert too!
1. ITAM is a process, not a project – it should be ongoing. If asset management is implemented as an ongoing process, it can be regularly tracked & maintained as a part of the business practice. This will ensure that your firm does not abandon ITAM efforts after certain events like audits, which tend to prompt an asset management process.
2. ITAM should be proactive, not reactive. When the practice is continuously in place, your firm will always be fully ready for audits or other inventory checks, saving you from scrambling around at the last minute. Rather than trying to quickly react to specific events, be constantly at the ready for anything that comes your way with a proper plan.
3. Pick somewhere to begin & have a clear plan. Don’t try to tackle everything at once. Take time to find and examine all of your licenses as a starting point, and move onto the next step only once you have completed the first. Doing this process in clear steps helps to make it run smoothly and efficiently.
4. Implement an ITAM team & have them receive feedback from other business teams. Getting different teams from the firm involved in the implementation of an ITAM process will allow it to develop it over time, rather than simply being treated as an isolated task or necessity. In addition, encourage feedback between the ITAM team and other business teams, as this will allow for constant development and improvement of the whole process while it evolves as part of the organization.
5. Stick to the proven lifecycle-based approach. Always remember that ITAM starts from when the purchase request is made up until the device depreciation. Management should follow this process as well, tracking from the initial purchase to the historical asset information at the end. Sticking to this approach will allow for foolproof asset tracking.
6. Automate as much as possible. The best way to do this is to use a license and/or asset management system such as Vector License Manager. Rather than trying to keep track of assets manually using the outdated Excel spreadsheet approach, automate as many steps of the process that you can. License management software makes this significantly easier, with features such as email alerts, customizable compliance reports, and file repositories. Bonus: this streamlined approach will save your firm significant IT costs!
7. Track continuously to avoid over-deployment. It is critical to always know what your firm is entitled to having deployed, rather than just what you actually have deployed. Many firms suffer from severe fines during audits because they have no proof of entitlement. Be sure to keep all license agreements and receipts in order to properly track compliance (license management software can also help a lot with this).
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Putin scraps Kremlin news agencies in abrupt overhaul
Moscow: President Vladimir Putin has unexpectedly revamped Russian state-controlled print and radio news media, abolishing the RIA Novosti wire service and naming an outspoken television presenter to lead its successor.
Dmitry Kiselyov, a deputy director of Russia's state television and radio holding VGTRK and a host of a weekly news program on the Rossiya 1 television channel, will head the newly formed agency, called Rossiya Segodnya or Russia Today, according to a document signed by Mr Putin and published on the Kremlin's website Monday.
"Today attitudes in the world toward Russia aren't fair," Mr Kiselyov said in televised remarks. "Restoring a fair attitude toward Russia" is the goal of the new agency, he said.
Mr Putin's decision to eliminate the news agency founded days after Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 clears the deck for Mr Kiselyov, Mr Putin's vocal backer who has drawn criticism for comments about gays and Ukrainian anti-government protests. The consolidation in the industry follows billionaire Vladimir Potanin's sale of his media business last month to an Gazprombank-backed group.
Mr Putin has been criticised for rolling back press freedoms by working to centralise power and increase state ownership of mass media and the country's biggest companies. Russia was ranked 148th among 179 countries in a 2013 Press Freedom Index by Reporters Without Borders, a monitoring group based in Paris.
"There's been a consolidation in the media that's involved in outwardly directed propaganda," Boris Makarenko, deputy director of the Moscow-based Center for Political Technologies, said. "The holding's new boss wasn't an accidental choice. They've taken a person with the ethos of a Soviet-era propagandist, not a journalist."
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Mr Kiselyov drew the ire of Ukrainian protesters for his coverage of anti-government demonstrations in Kiev, which confused the chronology of events that culminated in demonstrators being beaten by Berkut special police. He's also spoken out in favour of a ban on gays donating blood or organs.
Mr Putin's spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, declined to comment. The government will have a working meeting to discuss the implementation of Mr Putin's order, said Natalya Timakova, spokeswoman for Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.
The primary purpose of the new agency will be "to provide information on Russian state policy and Russian life and society for audiences abroad," according to the decree.
A protester in Kiev Sunday interrupted a broadcast by television broadcaster Rossiya 24, part of the network that employs Mr Kiselyov, to hand the correspondent a statue in the shape of an Oscar. The man asked the reporter to deliver it to Kiselyov for his "lies and drivel" about the mass rallies gripping the former Soviet republic.
Mr Putin decided to create the news agency to ensure "more rational use" of budget funds spent on the media, as well as to "improve the effectiveness of state news media," said Sergei Ivanov, head of the presidential administration, the Interfax new service reported.
"Russia conducts an independent policy and firmly defends its national interests," Mr Ivanov was cited as saying. "That's not easy to explain to the world, but it can and must be done."
The new agency will also include the Voice of Russia radio station, according to the order. Its relationship to RT, the state-run television station previously known as Russia Today, wasn't clear from the order.
Federal budget spending on RIA Novosti rose to as much as 3.18 billion rubles ($107 million) in 2011, from 1.07 billion rubles in 2008, the Kommersant newspaper reported on its website. The budget's outlays this year equalled 2.97 billion rubles.
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The Year in Review continues with Michael Cusumano on Jennifer Lawrence's box office coronation, a more impressive achievement than you think.
At the sound of the closing bell, Iron Man 3 clings to the title of top grossing domestic release of 2013, but Tony Stark should savor the honor while it lasts. He is all but certain to relinquish the crown to Katniss Everdeen in the early weeks of 2014.
If one wants proof that this is all but a done deal, one need only compare the grosses of the first Hunger Games to its sequel. According to Box Office Mojo, Catching Fire’s 398 million is 24 million ahead of its predecessor at the same point in its release (41 days). Since the first Hunger Games’ final gross of 408 million is nearly tied with Iron Man 3’s 409 million, unless the grosses of Catching Fire unexpectedly crater it’s a safe bet that when we close the book on the 2013 the second entry in the Hunger Games series will hold true to its protagonist and emerge from the arena the final victor.
That a film with a strong, capable female protagonist as its sole lead is the year’s number one film is reason to cheer. That I was unable to recall the last film to duplicate this feat emphasizes the rarity of the achievement. It made me curious:
Adjusted for inflation, The Sound of Music is the third biggest hit of all time (after Gone With the Wind and Star Wars)
To my surprise I had to go all the way back to 1965, the year Julie Andrews conquered the box office mountain withThe Sound of Music, to find a film with solo female lead sitting atop the chart.
To be sure, there are a handful of other year-topping titles between now and then with women as co-leads. Films such as Titanic, (1997), Grease (1978), Love Story (1970), My Fair Lady (1964), and West Side Story (1961). But apart from those romances, it’s been men, men, men, from Rocky Balboa to Marty McFly to Forrest Gump. Even searching the box office charts all the way back to the end of the silent era* doesn’t expand the list all that much. In the 83 years since talking pictures took over, I count six annual box office champs led, solo, by a women.
They are:
1965: The Sound of Music – Julie Andrews
1963: Cleopatra – Elizabeth Taylor
1948: The Red Shoes – Moira Shearer
1937: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – Adriana Caselotti
1933: Queen Christina – Greta Garbo
1932: Shanghai Express – Marlene Dietrich
There are a handful of borderline cases that you could argue belong on this list, chief among them Gone With the Wind. However, while Scarlett O’Hara is clearly the protagonist of 1939’s all-time champ, in terms of screen time and importance it’s hard to argue that Clark Gable does not qualify as co-lead. Ditto Mrs. Miniver with Greer Garson and Walter Pidgeon and The Bells of St. Mary starring Ingrid Bergman and Bing Crosby. On the other hand, the Academy counted Rex Harrison as co-lead of Cleopatra and while that makes sense in Oscar terms, I don’t see how you classify the film as anything but the Liz show.
As you dig through the box office charts the scope of Jennifer Lawrence’s impending box office coronation becomes all the more impressive. Even when you include the runners up, the solo female leads remain few and far between.
Some notable films that nearly took the box office crown for their year:
2010: Disney’s live action Alice Wonderland placed second in its year.
1980 + 1983: 9 to 5’s three lead actresses and Terms of Endearment’s two leads were runners up in consecutive years, bested by Star Wars sequels both times.
1976 and 1968: Barbra Streisand, a true box office giant in the 70s, just missed topping the box office in the years of A Star is Born and Funny Girl
1973 Ellen Burstyn headlined The Exorcist
1958: Auntie Mame would’ve made Rosalind Russell the box office queen of ‘58 were it not for South Pacific (also female driven but not a solo)
1933: In this year four of the top five films were lead by solo actresses. After Queen Christina, there was I’m No Angel and She Done Him Wrong, both starring Mae West, and King Kong with Fay Wray (But yes, you could argue Fay Wray is a co-lead)
* The further back in time you go the more unreliable are the box office figures, so take the earliest records with the appropriately sized grain of salt. (Disney animation was excluded unless its #1 of the year status was true before reissues of the film.)
Reader Comments (18)
I'm semi-shocked over these statistics, in a good way though. The Red Shoes was the number one movie in its year?! Is that true? A sort of artsy-fartsy ballet movie? Amazing. And Moira Shearer is definitely the lead, but Anton Walbrook is right there with her. Sort of like Silence Of The Lambs.
Shanghai Express and Queen Christina were box office champs in their respective years? I can hardly believe that. I thought for sure it would have been gangster or adventure movies from that era.
The central dance number is what pushed it over the top for me. Shearer owns the film - what - 20, 25 mins? So I landed on it being her movie, with Walbrook, like Lecter to Clarice, the most sizable supporting role. But It is an arguable point.
The news for female-driven films gets quite a bit better if you look at each year's top ten list instead of just the top dog (almost never a bitch) although it still is depressing in how women actually lose ground in the modern era because so many of the films are sequels with (nearly always with male leads) or superhero films (always male) and also, and I've said this before, how narrow the public's taste gets in the last 20 years... it used to be any type of film could explode (musicals, dramas, comedies, historical epics, biopics, romances). But now it seems the box office behemoths are almost exclusively one type of film.
I don't know the exact figures for 1942, but as you mentioned Mrs. Miniver brought home the bacon, largely to Greer Garson's credit. And the trades tell of how her other starrer, Random Harvest, broke box office records at Radio City Music Hall. Yeah, Greer was hot.
I LOVE this post!! Bravo! Thanks so much - these are the sort of actual facts about the movie business that I find refreshing and informative. And I love it whenever someone reminds people nowadays of the remarkable career Elizabeth Taylor had in the movies. Amazing. Granted Julie Andrews is an Oscar winning actress but Elizabeth won TWO and still managed to be the top of the box office one year. Such a remarkable career. Such a remarkable woman. And I have to admit - Ms. Lawrence seems to be starting a rather remarkable career herself!! She's how old and likely looking at her 3rd Oscar nomination - for 3 very different roles - plus being a very exciting star in TWO action "intelligent" blockbusters? No wonder America is going gaga for her. Wow. You think there's anyway she could rival the stupendous fame Elizabeth Taylor had at her peak? I don't know but I suppose it's not impossible. Although even if she does match her in terms of Oscars and fame she'll never match being called the most beautiful woman in the world by SO MANY people. Elizabeth Taylor truly was one of a kind.
brookesboy -- yeah, it's not that women are not box office draws... just that (my theory) there aren't enough films starring women to make it a regular occurence that they can top the box office charts for an entire year.
Really enjoy this post even though it's a bummer. I knew it was uncommon, but wow. And of course half of them were from the 1930s - the early days for movies seem to be better than any other time in movie history for a woman to open a film, unfortunately.
It also makes me really happy that Catching Fire is such a good movie, even if it's not Oscar fare.
Nathan, ITA with your theory about the larger effects of the sidelining of actresses in Hollywood. Greer is often referred to as one of the biggest box office draws MGM had in the early to mid-1940s. Love that line in the Judy Garland biopic when Judy Davis is trying to make it through rehab: "Tell Mayer I'll be goddamned Greer Garson." HA.
I've been cool to Sandra Bullock until this year, when I've begun to see her in a new light, but I have to get her credit for sustaining that elusive bankability most female stars can only dream of.
A little more fuel for the fire: by the end of this weekend, Frozen will be at #4 for the year, and I've seen projections that if it doesn't collapse now that the holidays are done, it might just barely be able to scramble up to #3.
Wow. Shocked by that list... I never knew Dietrich had luck at the box office in America! I knew Garbo did. Just so funny to see the films that people went to see -- god, we used to have such better attention spans!
I think Catching Fire's numbers may have a lot to do with the fact that tween- and young teenage girls (ages 10-14) have almost NOTHING catered toward them in the movie business (with the most recent exception of Twilight--but those girls are now in their 20s), The Hunger Games trilogy is a very popular book series, this was the second movie, AND Jennifer Lawrence is now a major role model/idol. Most age-appropriate fare for that particular demographic is on television (e.g., Supernatural, Pretty Little Liars, Once Upon a Time, The Middle, and re-runs of Buffy). These girls are desperate for movies they can relate to (and that are NOT based on books by Nicholas Sparks). If the first Divergent movie with Shailene Woodley is half as as good as the first Hunger Games, I would expect similar box office. The audience at my showing of Catching Fire was filled with female tweens and teens; I brought seven of them with me.
Where are the stats on MAMMA MIA!? What topped it in its year?
Brookesboy--some day you and I will have to have a conversation about our love for Greer Garson!
This is frustrating. I think for almost ten years, a woman was the box office champ, or very close to it. That would be the Doris Day-Julie Andrews-Barbra Streisand trifecta. Am I right on that at all, or am I losing it?
I don't really think that has happened again in my lifetime though Julia and Sandra have had their heyday. I don't see why it couldn't happen again if Hollywood really got inspired (yeah, I know TV is the new actressland).
This is such an interesting statistical article that it makes me want to find out any other "wierd" stats for the boxoffice successes in any given year.
I wouldn't put Alice in that list either. Depp is almost certainly co-lead in that movie IMO.But yay, go Lawrence. I do truly think she's a large part of Hunger Games success. Yes they're based on books but the books got really big after the movies came out. I had never even heard of them, as opposed to Twilight.
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What the community has to say about
Allstate Insurance Agent: Mallory Leonard
Contact my Agency to get a Quick, Personalized Insurance Quote Today! A great rate is just a call or click away.
As an Allstate Agent in San Diego, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important - your family, home, car, boat, and more..
As an Allstate Agent in San Diego, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important - your family, home, car, boat, and more.Save up to 30%...
As an Allstate Agent in La Mesa, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important - your family, home, car, boat, and more.
As an Allstate Agent in San Diego, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important - your family, home, car, boat, and more.
As an Allstate Agent in La Mesa, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important - your family, home, car, boat, and more.
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Blog
Inside a custom rig built to mine Ethereum at cutting-edge speeds
Blockchain technology, which forms the backbones of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, depends on a global network of computation resources. With interest in both on the rise in 2017, those resources have faced increasing pressure to perform. In this new gold-rush, it’s all about silicon.
Ethereum, which is currently the fastest growing cryptocurrency, can be mined efficiently with commodity GPUs, making it inherently more democratic, since it was designed to resist succumbing to high-powered surges in activity from application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). By disallowing a competitive edge to a few large, ASIC-based mining data centers, Ethereum may be appealing to developers looking for a truly decentralized and fairly distributed crypto currency network. Put another way, the fact that Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies have been designed to be inherently ASIC-resistant — and open to mining with commercially available CPU silicon — is seen as a key differentiator from Bitcoin.
That brings us to the current state of Ethereum mining.
Klimax-210 (Image credit: CoCoLink)
The global digital gold rush to mine Ethereum intensified in 2017, when a rising tide of digital miners added $100 million worth of high-performance GPUs to the global decentralized network in less than month, according to Mitch Steves, an analyst at RBC Capital. This is the first time in the history of computing that such a decentralized network has emerged — and for high-performance computing enthusiasts, this is really exciting! That enthusiasm motivated the team I worked with to build the most efficient server we could construct for the purpose of enabling Ethereum (and other cryptocurrency) miners around the planet.
For context, the team I work with at Orange Silicon Valley has focused on Performance Critical Computing with the specific goal of accelerating AI and big data at the edge for both terrestrial and airborne (embedded) use cases, including environments constrained by size, weight, and power. Given our focus on performance at the edge, it was natural to add blockchain technology as an accelerant to fuel growth of this giant, distributed, global supercomputer. We entered into the mushrooming global blockchain infrastructure by focusing on one basic building block — a single mining server.
Rear view of Klimax-210 (Image credit: CoCoLink)
In all crypto-mining rigs — DIY or factory made — the GPUs are the key to revenue generation, which takes the form of crypto coins. But they need their own support system: the lower-end processors on the server motherboard, cabling, and power supply are necessary components, but don’t affect mining. An individual server’s mining capacity is 100% GPU-bound: the more GPUs the server can handle, the higher the return on investment will be for the platform. All miners are sensitive to the payback time for their rigs. Our objective was to push the limits for the maximum number of GPUs we could accommodate in a single rackmount server without any modification of the cooling system for the GPUs.
As is often the case in the race for speed, less turned out to be more.
To test the limits of cost vs. performance efficiency we used GPUs specialized for mining, opting for the NVIDIA P-106-100 built by MSI. These GPUs use the same silicon as the GTX 1060, but importantly, the NVIDIA P-106-100 lacks a display port as seen on the GTX 1060 and other similar consumer gaming cards from NVIDIA. This deficit turned out to be a great advantage for us, because GPUs with graphics display ports running more than 12-13 cards can exhaust resources. Minus the (unnecessary) display ports on the NVIDIA GPUs, our server’s Ubuntu (headless) 16.04 LTS operating system was able to support 20 GPUs as PCIe endpoints.
The path to Ubuntu was another example of less is more: each PCIe card is designed to provide 20 MH/s for Ethereum mining without any overclocking. In a Windows 10 Pro environment, however, overclocking was possible and allowed us to achieve 24 MH/s per card. The gotcha here is that Windows did not support more than 8 GPUs. Thus, we decided to switch to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. With the 7RU KLIMAX 210S platform from our partners at CocoLink and 20 NVIDIA P-106-100 cards (made by ASUS), we were able to boot the system with all the 20 GPUs working in parallel.
CoCoLink Corp. CEO Dong-Hak Lee (Image credit: CoCoLink)
“We have been working on designing the system architecture for long time and finally developed the only system in the industry capable of accommodating 20 double width GPUs in a single server under a single PCIe root complex,” said Dong-Hak Lee, CEO of CoCoLink Corp., which is a subsidiary of Seoul National University. “This server was originally designed for DeepLearning and other HPC workloads. We are working on modifying this design to make it as cost effective as possible for all the crypto miners without compromising performance and reliability.”
Here is a screen capture of a Claymore Ethereum miner with 20 GPUs running in parallel. Each GPU — without any overclocking — draws around an average of 100 watts with a 100% utilization and generates around the range of 20-21 MH/s.
By 20 GPUs in a single server we were able to exceed 420MH/s and consume less than 2.2 kilowatts. This makes it the most efficient mining server available in the industry today. On a final note, we believe that more than 20 GPUs can be (theoretically) supported in a single system — but that would require some amendments to the existing design.
Editor’s note: John Eisenman and Subash Mandanapu also contributed to this blog post. As Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) brought in $1.7 billion over the past two years, investors and startup founders weren’t the only ones taking notice. Regulators also want to know more about how ICOs are being used, and they’re forming legal opinions about
Fintech startups in Silicon Valley and across the world keep chipping away at services and roles that have previously been exclusive arenas for traditional financial institutions. As new names in payments, lending, and other categories gain momentum, opportunities are opening up not just for entrepreneurs and investors, but for a new generation of consumers as
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About Orange Silicon Valley
Orange Silicon Valley (OSV) is the San Francisco Bay Area presence of Orange, one of the world’s leading telecommunications operators. We actively engage with San Francisco and Silicon Valley, and participate in the disruptive innovations changing the way we communicate.
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Origin of the name ABET.
Etymology of the
name ABET.
Meaning of the baby name ABET.
ABET.
Egyptian name, which Brodrick equates with Greek Abydos,
meaning "this." (A Concise Dictionary of Egyptian
Arachaeology, Brodrick, 1902). Abet, an Egyptian sculptor of the XIIth
dynasty. He was the son of the sculptor Nefera and his wife Astekhu.
His own wife was named Hathorisis
(q.v.). (An Archaic Dictionary, Cooper, 1876)
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Site Navigation
First Class
Featuring
Wearing
What is your favourite part of your job as a cabin crew member?It’s something of a typical answer, but I’m very thankful that I get to see the world. I try to read about the history and culture of any country I fly to, so that I can learn as much as possible.
What’s the most interesting place you’ve visited?Copenhagen in Denmark—the people are very civic-minded and there’s a lot of trust. Cycling is a big part of life there, and people usually park their bikes and leave them out in public without feeling the need to lock them up. Plus, they’ve developed the habit of cycling everywhere so it’s a healthy lifestyle.
If you weren’t in your current job, what do you think you’d be doing?I’d like to start my own business. My dad and brother are running businesses of their own, so I’ve been somewhat influenced by them.
What’s a lesson you’ve learned from your dad and brother, or a piece of advice you’ve gotten from them?To work hard, and always keep working at something until you succeed.
If you could have any superpower, what would it be, and how would you use it?I’d like to be able to teleport—it’d save me a lot of time when I have to travel from one country to another.
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Under the direction of the Deputy Chief of Mission and her spouse, the Housekeeper is responsible for cleaning and maintenance of the Residence.
The position is a full time (40 hours per week).
The commencement salary is $35,000 annually. The conditions of service package includes paid leave, and medical insurance and a pension plan. The position will require to work occasional additional hours which will be compensated as overtime.
Monitoring the need for repairs and maintenance in the residence and performing those that are minor/routine and arranging for the major work to be done;
Occasional childminding, including school pick-ups and drop-offs;
Other related duties as directed.
Selection Criteria
The successful applicant will possess all of the selection criteria below
Experience in general household maintenance of an official residence, including the physical capacity to lift weights to approximately 45 pounds and climb stairs
A positive work attitude, highly organised, flexible and adaptable
Good communication skills including an ability to follow instructions, good presentation skills and a courteous manner.
Closing Date
The closing date for receipt of applications for this position is Close of Business on Wednesday, 21 February 2018 (EST).
Applications received after the closing date will not be considered. If you have not been requested to attend an interview within four weeks of the closing date please assume that your application has not been successful on this occasion.
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readme.md
Bourbon Sass Mixins
The purpose of Bourbon Sass Mixins is to provide a comprehensive library of sass mixins that are designed to be as vanilla as possible, meaning they should not deter from the original CSS syntax.
The mixins contain vendor specific prefixes for all CSS3 properties for support amongst modern browsers. The prefixes also ensure graceful degradation for older browsers that support only CSS3 prefixed properties.
Bourbon uses SCSS syntax.
Requirements
Sass 3.1+
Install for Rails
Update your Gemfile
gem 'bourbon'
$ bundle install
Rails 3.1.x
Bourbon needs the sass files to be imported in a specific order to function properly. Therefore, you will need to disabled the require_tree sprocket directive.
Delete the following sprocket directive in application.css.scss
Rails 3.0.9 and below
For Rails < 3.1 you must run the installation rake task. Please note, you should run this task every time a new version of Bourbon is released.
This will copy the Sass files into your project's public/stylesheets/sass directory.
rake bourbon:install
Import the mixins at the beginning of your stylesheet
@import 'bourbon/bourbon';
Install without Rails
The following script will generate a bourbon directory and convert all .css.scss to .scss extensions. The bourbon directory is for 'sass --watch' use outside of rails.
Preliminary step: clone this repo and cd into the directory.
In this case as well, you will need to import the mixins at the beginning of your stylesheet
@import 'bourbon/bourbon';
Browser support
Bourbon aims to provide support for CSS3 properties that are not yet fully supported in modern stable browsers.
Pull requests: A general rule when considering a new mixin: Do the following browsers only support the CSS3 property using vendor specific prefixes? If the answer is yes, there is a high chance the mixin will be accepted via a pull request.
Using Bourbon Mixins
Below are a few examples of mixin usage. Note that these are just a few, explore the repo to find out more.
Animation
The animation mixins support comma separated lists of values, which allows different transitions for individual properties to be described in a single style rule. Each value in the list corresponds to the value at that same position in the other properties.
Tint & Shade
Tint & shade are different from lighten() and darken() functions built into sass.
Tint is a mix of a color with white. Tint takes a color and a percent argument.
div {
background: tint(red, 40%);
}
Shade is a mix of a color with black. Shade takes a color and a percent argument.
div {
background: shade(blue, 60%);
}
Add-ons
Buttons
The button add-on provides well-designed buttons with a single line in your CSS.
The mixin supports a style parameter and an optional color argument. The available styles are "simple" (default), "shiny", and "pill".
# The mixin can be called with no arguments, which will render a blue button with the "simple" style.
button, input[type="button"] {
@include button;
}
# Pass a style argument
button, input[type="button"] {
@include button(shiny);
}
Create beautiful buttons by defining a style and color argument; using a single color, the mixin calculates the gradient, borders, box shadow, text shadow and text color of the button. The mixin will change the text to be light when on a dark background, and dark when on a light background.
HTML5 Input Types
This addon generates a variable which contains a list of all html5 input types that render as text-based inputs, excluding textarea.
In other words, it allows for easy targeting of all inputs that mimick input[type="text"].
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I have a 86' w 351 ford and Last year i changed to electric ignition and also changed plugs and wires. It ran good, cranked good last year after we got it in time, or as close as we could get it. I tried two timing guns one didn't work and the guy that was helping me said it would not read through new wires, to thick for old light. He just did it by ear, sounded good and ran good.
This year took a little to get it cranked put in some sea foam and ran for a little while. Put it in the water it would crank but would go dead in idle. It ran good and pulled good but would not idle.
Put it in water yesterday would not crank at all ran battery down trying to crank. I put it on fake a wake today and got it to crank, sounded ok, but when I turned it off and tried to re crank it would not. Seems like no gas, so I would give it gas and then it made a noise as smoke came out of the flame arrestor. Waited a minute and it would crank .
I have never changed my fuel filter should i try this first or does it sound like a carb problem.
Any help would be appreciated.
wheelerd
06-01-2011, 03:19 AM
Tough to say, but most starting/running issues come down to two things: fuel and spark.
Did you mess with the carb? Not idling could be that the idle mixture screws are out of whack. Or the throttle stop screw is allowing the main throttle bores to completely close. Or your choke is stuck. Or there is a vacuum leak. Or . . .
To see if it's a fuel delivery issue have a buddy pour a little bit of fuel down the primary barrels as you crank to see if it starts. (Be careful though -- if the timing is off and it backfires your buddy could have singed eyebrows!)
Not (or intermittent) cranking could be a bad connection between battery and solenoid.
Check all wires involving coil, distributor, plugs, starter, etc. and make sure connections are all secure. If you have a multimeter, there are numerous threads here that will give you advice on how to check specifics parameters -- voltage, resistance, etc. Failing that, just pulling a plug and checking for spark when you crank is the most basic and simplest test.
If you can get it to run and stay running, I really would make sure the timing is set correctly. Invest in a decent timing light -- it will pay for itself many times over.
liledgy
06-01-2011, 10:09 AM
After I put electronic ign. and a coil in my old 83 SS, I couldnt get it to run right. It would sometimes idle then it wouldn't start etc. . I called skidim and Vince said to put my old coil back in. In ran perfect. I got a defective coil. Skidim sent a new one promptly.
I just put electronic ignition in an 85 SS and no where in the directions did it tell me to change the timing, it's a petronox (?) product for a prestolite ignition. Good luck
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‘Patents vital to start-ups’
Ideas are valuable assets for entrepreneurs and start-ups. It is critical they get patents to protect them if they want to make money. A United States-based Nigerian start-up, Oshi Agabi, advises young entrepreneurs to seek protection for their intellectual property at a forum organised at Co Creation Hub(CChub), Lagos.
Silicon Valley-based Nigerian Oshi Agabi, who has created a device that can be used to detect the smell of explosives and cancer cells, has advised young entrepreneurs to protect their ideas with a patent if they want to make money.
He said this applies to any invention, whether it’s a piece of software, code or a totally new invention.
He advised startups investing in products which have national impact to start planning some sort of protection for investments.
According to him, the United States (U.S.) patent law is very generous for inventors who file a patent application for their innovations. Generally, the inventors have one year from the date of a public disclosure to file a patent application. But, in most other countries, one loses patent rights as soon as there’s a public disclosure of the invention.
He explained that it was important to start thinking about patents even before one starts talking to any potential customers and attempting to monetise the idea.
According to him, if one has a product that has some use outside Nigeria, one needs to get into the U.S. early with competent counsel because one slip-up in patent filing could cause a startup to lose out completely to competitors.
With supply and distribution chains becoming more international, he said startups needed to be aware to take advantage of the U.S. legal system to file a patent and get protection in all relevant international markets.
The Nigerian-born founder created a device that he says can be used to detect the smell of explosives and even cancer cells.
He explained that the device, called Koniku Kore, is the first to fuse live neurons from mice stem cells into a silicon chip. Koniku, which means‘immortal’ in the Yoruba language, started in 2015 and has raked in $8 million in revenue.
”We believe quite strongly that it’s going to be run with biological brains that are made with synthetic biological neurons. That is the declared intention of our company: to build a brain,” he said.
A “scrawny, nerdy kid,” Agabi grew up in Surulere in Lagos and obtained a Bachelors degree in Physics from the University of Lagos. He went on to do further studies in Physics and neuroscience in Sweden and Switzerland.
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Aetna Dentists
Local Aetna Dental Providers In Lewisville, Tx
CareWay Dental would like to be the dentist of choice to all Aetna dental insurance members. As Lewisville Aetna dental providers we can make your dental visit extremely affordable by effectively utilizing your dental coverage. Our office can assist you and your family with with a wide array of dental services.
Best Covered Dentistry Procedures For In Network Members
The services above are all covered services with your Aetna PPO insurance. Our office will just need to gather some simple information such as your Member ID, Group ID, Date of Birth and the 1-800 number on the back of your Aetna subscriber card to provide you with estimates on your out of pocket expenses. As Aetna dentists we are happy to serve you and your family with highest quality dentistry while focusing on delivering extraordinary customer service.
Why Should You Use Us As Your Aetna Dentist?
The first reason that you should let CareWay Dental be your Lewisville Aetna dentists is because we are 100% in-network dental providers. The reason we want to clarify this is because many dental office will tell you that they accept Aetna dental insurance but are not actually in-network with them. These offices will accept Aetna as a form of partial payment for services rendered in their office but they will be providing you a disservice by not charging you using the Aetna fee schedule. Also, out-of-network providers do not get the same co-insurance coverage as in-network providers…this alone will cause you dental visit to be 30-40% more expensive. But the main reason you should come to our office is because we truly want you have the best dental experience you have ever had. Contact us at (214) 750-8000 to schedule your appointment or schedule online.
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ROBBIE BASHO “Twilight Peaks” CD
"Twilight Peaks" by Robbie Basho is a formal reissue of Basho's last recordings. It was originally issued in 1984 on a tape label called "The Art Of Relaxation". It was mastered for vinyl and CD in its entirety by Glenn Jones (of Cul de Sac fame) and Matt Azevedo from the original demo tapes. The LP version contains one bonus track, that was part of the original sessions. CD version also has two extra live tracks. Liner notes by Glenn Jones and Rich Osborn. Drawings by Wouter Vanhaelemeesch. Comes in an open sleeve, designed and screenprinted by Smeraldina-Rima. Second pressing of 500 copies with new artwork.
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Follow Us…
Featured
Escaped gladiator Kedric wants revenge on the Hyborean rulers who bred him for blood sport and genetic experiments. Nothing will stop him from conscripting warriors into his army. But when Myia, a spiritual healer with a body made for sin, infiltrates his soul, Kedric must choose between attacking his brutal enemy or surrendering his heart to Myia’s love.
Fearless is available at
About The Author
K.M. Fawcett is the author of the thrilling sci-fi romance series, The Survival Race. She enjoys stories filled with adventure and strong, kick-butt heroes and heroines. Ranked 4th degree black belt in Isshinryu Karate and 3rd degree in Ryukonkai (Okinawan weapons), K.M. and her husband own a karate dojo in NJ. When not writing sci-fi & paranormal romances or working out at the dojo, K.M. is driving her children to drum lessons and ballet classes.
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Hot Topics for 2019
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
This tax reform legislation was signed into law on December 22, 2017. It represents the most significant overhaul of our tax laws in over 30 years. The Act contains substantial changes to the taxation of businesses, individuals, multi-national companies, tax-exempt organizations and others. Most of the provisions of the Act are effective January 1, 2018 or years beginning on or after that date. The following outlines some key provisions included in the Act.
For many of the provisions in the Act affecting individuals, the law was changed but only through December 31, 2025. Provisions which, unless extended by future legislation, revert to the law prior to the Act are indicated below.
Individual Tax Rate
The individual tax rates were reduced starting in 2018 with rates ranging from 10% to 37%. Prior to 2018 the individual tax rates were 10 percent to 39.6 percent. Generally, a given amount of taxable income will be subject to a lower effective tax rate. As an example, the maximum rate on taxable income of $75,900 for a married couple filing jointly was 15 percent in 2017. The maximum rate on taxable income of $77,400 for a married couple filing jointly is 12 percent in 2018. Individual tax rates revert to pre-Act law starting in 2026. The alternative minimum tax is retained but with higher exemption amounts.
Standard Deduction Increased, Personal Exemption Suspended
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the standard deduction increases to $24,000 for married individuals filing a joint return, $18,000 for head-of-household filers and $12,000 for all other taxpayers. Additional standard deductions for elderly and blind still apply. The standard deduction for 2017 was $12,700 for joint filers, $9,350 for head-of-household filers and $6,350 for all other taxpayers.
Personal exemptions are suspended (exemption is zero) for years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. Personal exemptions for 2017 were $4,050 each for taxpayer, taxpayer’s spouse and each dependent.
State and Local Tax Deduction
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the itemized deduction for state and local income, property and sales taxes is limited to a maximum amount of $10,000. Prior to 2018 there was no limitation.
Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the Act suspends miscellaneous itemized deductions that are subject to the 2% floor. Prior to 2018 certain miscellaneous itemized deductions were allowed to the extent they exceeded 2% of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income.
Moving Expenses Deduction
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the deduction for moving expenses is not allowed except for moves by members of the Armed Forces on active duty pursuant to a permanent change of station. Prior to 2018 moving related expenses incurred in connection with starting a new job were generally deductible.
Child Tax Credit
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the child tax credit is increased to $2,000 per qualifying child under the age of 17; the refundable portion of the credit increases to $1,400. In addition, the phase-out limits are increased to $400,000 for joint filers and $200,000 for all other filers. For 2017 the child tax credit was $1,000 per qualifying child under the age of 17.
Corporate Tax Rate
The top corporate tax rate was reduced to 21 percent on January 1, 2018. The 21 percent rate is a “flat” tax that will apply regardless of a regular corporation’s taxable income; the progressive rate structure imposing a maximum 35 percent corporate tax rate is eliminated. Personal service corporations will also be subject to the 21 percent rate. For a fiscal year regular corporation, with a tax year ending in 2018, the new 21 percent rate will be “blended” with the rates in place prior to January 1, 2018. The Act also repeals the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Qualified Business Income Deduction
For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Act generally allows a new deduction for individuals, trusts and estates of 20 percent of the domestic qualified business income generated by certain sole-proprietorships and pass-through entities (partnerships, S corporations and LLCs). Qualified business income includes qualified items of income, gain, deduction and loss effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States.
For individuals with taxable income that exceeds $315,000 for joint filers or $157,500 for all others, the deduction is subject to limits based on the wages paid by the business or wages paid plus a capital amount, and certain service business activities may not qualify for the deduction. This deduction is slated to expire after 2025 like most other individual tax provisions in the Act.
On August 8, 2018, the U.S. Treasury Department released proposed regulations to provide guidance on the application of the qualified business income deduction. Although the regulations are proposed, taxpayers can rely on them pending issuance of final regulations. The proposed regulations provide important information on the application of the new Section 199A qualified business income deduction including key definitional terms, rules for identifying and aggregating trades or businesses, the parameters of the various limitations and classification rules for specified service trades or businesses that are generally not eligible for the deduction.
This deduction is a complex area of law and, despite guidance from the proposed regulations, will prove to be one of the most challenging areas of tax law ever enacted. In this first year of implementation, taxpayers and their advisors will struggle with its complexity.
Limitations on Net Business Interest Expense
Deductions for business interest expense are limited to the sum of (1) business interest income, (2) 30 percent of a business’s “adjusted taxable income,” and (3) floor plan financing interest for the tax year. Disallowed business interest expense is carried forward indefinitely. Adjusted taxable income is a specially defined term, and the definition changes after 2021 in a manner that will potentially make the limitation’s impact more significant. Businesses with average gross receipts of $25 million or less are generally exempt from this provision. In addition, certain businesses in the real estate and farming businesses can elect for the interest expense limitation to not apply.
Depreciation-Full Expensing of Business Assets
Qualifying new and used business property acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017, and before January 1, 2023, will qualify for 100 percent (bonus) depreciation. Bonus depreciation phases down 20 percent per year starting in 2023.
The Act also increases the section 179 expensing limits. The Act increases the maximum Section 179 deduction to $1,000,000 for assets placed in service in 2018, subject to a dollar-for-dollar reduction to the extent the total cost of section 179 property placed in service during the year exceeds $2.5 million. It also expands the definition of section 179 property, for property placed in service after 2017, to include tangible personal property used in furnishing lodging (such as furniture and beds in apartments and dormitories) and certain improvements to non-residential real property (such as roofs, HVAC property, fire and alarm systems and security systems). Limitations relating to income from a trade or business and Section 179(d)(5) non-corporate lessor rules still apply.
Cash Method of Accounting for “Small” Businesses
The Act increases the gross receipts threshold for regular corporations and partnerships with regular corporation partners (other than tax shelters) that can use the cash method of accounting to $25 million, previously set at $5 million in most cases. Affected taxpayers now using the accrual method of accounting may want to consider a change to the cash method. In addition, under the Act, this increased threshold for gross receipts can simplify accounting for inventories and long-term contracts and complying with the sometimes-difficult uniform capitalization rules.
Like-Kind Exchanges
Like-kind exchanges (under section 1031) completed after 2017 are generally limited to exchanges of real property not primarily held for sale. Although like-kind exchanges will no longer apply for personal property placed in service after 2017, e.g. farm implements, the expensing provisions on new property acquisitions will in most cases offset the gain on sale (trade).
Estate and Gift Tax Changes
For estates of decedents and gifts made after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2026, the estate and gift tax exemption amount increases from $5 million to $10 million, before inflation adjustments. For 2018, the inflation adjusted exemption amount was $11.18 million; the amount increases to $11.4 million for 2019. The exemption amount remains unified for estate and gift tax purposes and eliminates the estate and gift tax on property transferred under these amounts via death or gift. Any use of the exemption for gift taxes decreases the estate tax exemption available at death. Prior law permitting a “step-up” in tax basis of assets to fair market value at death continues. The exemption reverts to the rules prior to 2018 (i.e., $5 million exemption) for deaths after December 31, 2025.
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Brooklands Motor Racing Circuit, Byfleet - Elmbridge
The world's first purpose built motor racing circuit, constructed in concrete in 1907. It was in use until 1939 when aircraft production buildings took over part of the circuit. Historic England funded a Conservation Management Plan for the entire site which identified various parts of the track to be at risk, Historic England is now working with owners and interested parties to ensure the necessary works take place and significant progress is being made in reducing the risks to the track. However, further action is required.
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The instructions give details about necessary clothing and personal articles for the students; payment methods; annual costs; and allowances for each student: "There is no occasion for much pocket-money. It is not needed for any essential purpose;...
"Constitution Adopted! Swearing Allegiance to the New Constitution! President and Vice President Elected! Davis and Stephens!" This article announces the adoption of the Confederate constitution and the election of its executive officers: "The name...
This article gives the proceedings of the Confederate congress during the sixth and seventh days of its session. On the sixth day members took oaths of office; elected a president and vice president of the provisional government; and appointed...
Dispatch from Secretary of War Stanton on April 16, 1865, originally published in the Atlanta Intelligencer on April 25 (reprinted here in the Montgomery Daily Mail on April 29). This official statement announces the death of President Lincoln, the...
This article by Elsie Stallworth describes products and facilities of the new Mathieson Chemical Corporation plant in McIntosh, Alabama. Boykin is pictured in the article with the vice president of the company. From The Citronelle Call.
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Marco Bicego 18k Turquoise Triple Row Necklace
ITEM MOVED TO ARCHIVE: On April 14, 2018 3:26 pm, Fashion Stylist Online noted this item may be out of stock at Neiman Marcus because it was not referenced in their latest online catalog. If this item is out of stock at Neiman Marcus, you may be able to find similar fashions sold there or elsewhere on our Marco Bicego Designer Brand Directory.
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But the event, a highlight on Day Two of Champion’s Week in Las Vegas, was proof that the 12 qualifiers for this year’s Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup™ enjoy a good laugh – especially at their own expense – and the opportunity to mingle with hundreds of NASCAR fans young and old.
Only Martin Truex Jr. was willing, beforehand, to admit to being smarter than the fifth graders from Nellis Air Force Base’s Lomie Heard Elementary School. That turned out to be the wrong decision as neither he nor Michael Waltrip Racing teammate Clint Bowyer were able to supply the winning answers to various math questions, the length of the regular term of a U.S. Senator and the name of the line that separates the earth’s top and bottom halves.
Stump the drivers, then, might have been the most descriptive title for the hour’s worth of fun, hosted by Miss Sprint Cup Kim Coon and former Las Vegas Entertainer of the Year Kevin Burke, who plies his comic trade at Fremont Street Experience’s Fitzgeralds Hotel and Casino.
“We drive cars for a reason,” observed Kevin Harvick after one wrong response, possibly speaking for each of his 11 colleagues.
In the end, the winners were Brad Keselowski and Tony Stewart, current and former NASCAR Sprint Cup champions. Stewart supplied the correct answer – after giving Burke the opening to comment on the driver’s ample midsection.
“You’ve still got your washboard stomach,” Burke told the three-time champion. “You’re just carrying a load of laundry on it.”
Keselowski joined the fun by lifting the team’s fifth grader overhead, trophy-style.
Also honored on Wednesday were this year’s finalists for the Betty Jane France Humanitarian Award – Ron Eby, Michael Jackson, Ali McDonough and Lorri Shealy Unumb – at an evening reception at Wynn Las Vegas. The NASCAR Foundation will announce the Award winner during this year’s NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Awards on Friday, Nov. 30.
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Laurent Perrier - Bottle of champagne with two flutes gift set
Product description
Item No.3111007522
This set from Laurent-Perrier will make a great gift this up-and-coming season. Presented in a branded gift box for added appeal, it is complete with a bottle of the brand's finest brut champagne and accompanied with two thin shaped flute glasses.
Volume: 750ml
Dimensions : 32 x 23 x 9cm
Includes: 1 x (12% vol) champagne, 2 x flute glasses
Contains sulphites
You must be over 18 to buy this product. By adding this product to your basket you are confirming that you and the recipient of the product are over 18
For further information about the ingredients of this product please send an email to: [email protected]
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Scientists have identified three genes that may have played an important part in a major development in human evolution.
The genes are being linked to the increase in brain size that took place in ancestors of human beings. This increase led to the development of mental abilities that define what it means to be human.
Researchers published two reports on their observations of the genes in the publication Cell in late May.
The researchers believe the genes first appeared between three and four million years ago. This was just before a period in the fossil record that shows a major brain enlargement in the species from which humans evolved.
The three genes share almost the exact same qualities. Along with a fourth one that seems to serve no purpose, they are called NOTCH2NL genes. They came from a gene family believed to have developed hundreds of millions of years ago. They are also important in the development of embryos.
The NOTCH2NL genes are especially active in the collection of nerve stem cells in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the outer part of the brain responsible for the highest mental processes. These include language, memory and reasoning.
The genes were found to slow the development of stem cells in the cerebral cortex into neurons in the embryo. The researchers say this delay leads to the production of a higher number of more developed nerve cells in this area of the brain.
Pierre Vanderhaeghen is a developmental neurobiologist at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium. He told the Reuters news service that, in large part, the cerebral cortex is responsible for what defines humans as a species and as individuals.
“Understanding how it emerged in evolution is a fascinating question, touching at the basic origins of mankind,” said Vanderhaeghen.
David Haussler is a biomolecular engineer and the scientific director of the University of California, Santa Cruz Genomics Institute. He added that it is “the ultimate evolutionary question” and a very interesting area of research in which to work.
The species Australopithecus afarensis is an ancestor of humans that combined both ape-like and human-like qualities. The well-known fossil named “Lucy,” discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, was a member of that species. Lucy lived in Africa at about the time these genes are believed to have appeared.
Sofie Salama is a UC-Santa Cruz biomolecular engineering research scientist. She said it would be great if it were possible to record the complete order of all of Lucy’s genetic material, her DNA. But she noted that it would be nearly impossible.
FILE PHOTO: Students attend a lecture in the auditorium of a university in Munich, Germany, May 25, 2016. REUTERS/Michaela Rehle
The NOTCH2NL genes are not present in the closest genetic relatives to human beings. None were found in monkeys or orangutans.
However, Reuters reports that the researchers did find the genes in the remains of two human ancestor species: Neanderthals and Denisovans.
NOTCH2NL gene abnormalities were found to be connected problems that affect the brain. These include autism, schizophrenia and both unusually large and unusually small head size.
I’m Pete Musto.
Will Dunham reported this story for the Reuters news service. Pete Musto adapted it for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter was the editor.
We want to hear from you. What more do you think researchers will learn about how the human brain developed? Write to us in the Comments Section or on our Facebook page.
_____________________________________________________________
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Those who worked at Vale's Long Harbour site were friendly and easy to get along with. Management was very well organized and I believed it what the company was doing and believed it could get done in a timely manner.
Vale is in the process of making their own EPCM for Phase 2AB and 2z which created the scope for different contractor, vendor and companies. This a huge benefit to work with myriads of working personnel and professionals.
I have worked for approximately 10 years in the Mining business, from Conceptual Engineering to Construction, from commodities such as Potash, Copper and Phosphate. I believe I am a thorough professional that is always working towards achieving the project's goals in time and within budget. I have had the chance to work in three different countries (USA, Canada and Brazil) proving that I can adapt and can face different types of challenges. In my opinion working has to be something enjoyable, therefore I also try to maintain a easygoing environment, when possible.
This a world class company that any high performance professional would love working for,Getting a job here is very hard. It requires a lot of experience to be successfull in the job application.Team is awesome.Safety is a priority.One of the best companies in the world.
During my employment with Fluor Constructors I was required to travel long distances for employment. Working at the Vale project required travel to Newfoundland. I was on a 10 and 4 rotation which equated to be only home 6 days a month. This was challenging. My work at the Vale project was interesting and demanding in that the staff was upwards of 300 and had traveled from all over the world to work there.
Due to the length of the project the Project Director changed 3 times and that meant adapting to new management skills. This was acquired through diplomacy.
I enjoyed working in Newfoundland a truly endearing province and a beautiful place to work. The local staff were amazing,
I decided at the end of this project to leave the employment of Fluor in order to spend more time at home. I took a year off to regroup and am now actively looking for employment in the local area. The employment I am looking for may not necessarily be of the same responsibilities and caliber of work as was the case with Fluor and I realize will not be of the same pay rate.
Although I worked for Vale, I was working on a project for the company separate from the office headquarters. We were heavily involved with the business and in my role specifically I was regularly interacting with upper management. The company pays extremely well, however they have little to no concern for their employees.
My colleagues on the project were outstanding, however most of them were from the actual mining facilities being brought to Toronto to work on the project.
The hardest part of the job was trying to figure out where you could add value with a highly decentralized management structure and nonexistent business processes. On the other hand, this also made the work environment more enjoyable as you had more or less free range on implementing any ideas you had with very little push back.
A typical day at work ran 12 hours, involved extreme labor requiring the ability to lift over 50 pounds, shoveling/ vaccuuming nickel dust and other minerals, and maintaining the production of nickel anodes weighing over 600 pounds each. i learned how to work in a heavy industry that has not been upgraded since the 1950's therefore requiring a lot of the processes to be done by hand. my coworkers were not the most helpful to adapt with but overall helped me understand how to work safely and diligently. the most enjoyable part of the job was watching myself lose 60 pounds and be in the best shape of my life, and strengthen the relationships i had with coworkers who i grew to highly respect.
Typical day at work begins with the morning line up. All co-workers meet up in lunch room as the supervisor joins us to discuss safety awareness, then the supervisor will assign each team member a set of duties for the day. Co-workers are divided up dependent on the task. Co-workers are divided differently each day to ensure that everyone in the group works cooperatively with each other. After tasks have been completed, team members aide other groups to ensure all duties are completed. Nearing the end of the day, team members clean up shop ensure clean working environment. At the end of the day a final meeting with supervisor where everyone discusses how the day went, and share an act of safety they performed that day with the group. Overall a great working experience!
12 hour shifts I learned to train personell in various positions management was good very helpful when needed co workers were natives which I got along with very good I trained all of them in mineral processing hardest part of the job was leaving home for 2 weeks but I have been doing that for 16 years never gets easier but I lov love to work most enjoyable was getting to know the ore and what to do to get better recoveries
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Combination 3.4
In this level 3 combination, Muay Thai World Champions Muangfalek Kiatvichian and Attachai Fairtex will teach a striking sequence that includes the use of fake punches to set up push kicks. These movements serve as the foundation for any Muay Thai fighter, and it is critical that you focus on mastering each of these techniques. You will learn how to transition among offensive and defensive techniques and seamlessly combine them to create a well-rounded attack. In this video, the specific combination covered is as follows: fake jab, slide push kick, fake cross, right push kick.
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Physique Enhancing Science Shift 60 Caps
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040232199035
$26.99$49.99 FREE USA SHIPPING!
You Save 46% ($23.00)
Notify me when this product is available:
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Physique Enhancing Science Shift
Shift your Metabolism into Overdrive!
PES Shift is back with a new formula and new look! This ultra potent non-stimulant fat burner was a favorite among bodybuilders and is now been brought back in an even more powerful formula! How does Shift work? By raising your metabolic rate! There are many ways to increase your metabolic rate and PES Shift does them all
Increase Thyroid Hormone - This is directly responsible for increasing your metabolic rate. Many people have below normal thyroid hormone, which is why they are overweight and often tired. Shift increases your thyroid hormone helping you lose weight and have more energy. It does it with Olive Leaf Extract.
Stimulates Brown Adipose Tissue - Unlike other fat in the body, Brown Adipose Tissue is a furnace in the body that helps burn more calories than any other tissue in the body. If you can stimulate it, you can burn more fat. This is what Shift does! It does it with Aframomum Melegueta.
Beta 2 and Beta 3 Agonism - By working with these two receptors, Shift can help elevate your metabolism in the body.
Warnings & Side Effects
Do not combine SHIFT with any other products containing Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) or synephrine. This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adults 18 years of age or older. Do not consume 1 capsule with more than 320mg caffeine. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Consult with your physician before using this product, especially if you are using any prescription or over the counter medication or if you have any pre-existing medical condition including but not limited to: high or low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke, heart, liver, kidney or thyroid disease, seizure disorder, psychiatric disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to prostate enlargement or if you are taking a MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) or any other medication. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Discontinue use and consult your health care professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving. Do not use if safety seal or missing. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
Note: In the event of a pricing error or fraud alert, we may refuse or cancel any orders placed for that item in accordance with our Terms & Conditions. We will notify you of any cancellation. Also, because manufacturers continually change product specifications without notice. While we try our best to keep product descriptions up to date, they do not necessarily reflect the latest information available from the manufacturer. We are not responsible for incorrect or outdated product descriptions and/or images. It is your responsibility to know what products are legal or illegal in your country.
FDA: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
More Information
Contact us
Have questions? Call us at 1-800-499-4810 or chat with us live.
Hours
Hours: 8am to 5pm CT Monday Through Friday
Location
181 West Crossroads Pkwy Unit F Bolingbrook IL 60440
About Us
Best Price Nutrition has been an online retailer since 2002 selling discount bodybuilding supplements, fat burners, muscle builders, pre-workouts and protein. You will find the best prices and fastest shipping worldwide on your supplement needs from our warehouse store.
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Wholesale Birds For Sale
Welcome to Florida Birds Wholesale. We make wholesale easy! Just complete the brief sign-up to view our great pricing. We arrange for shipping, via Delta Airlines, to any of our fifty states, and we'll be available seven days a week, toll free, to answer any questions or concerns you might have. We're sure you will be completely satisfied with Florida Birds Wholesale. Wholesale Means you have to have a TAX License...3 Bird Minimum purchase.
To our registered stores on Florida Birds... We have added additional Classified sections for dogs , cats , exotic animals as well as tropical fish.......Scammer free ads....Check us out at www.birdfarm.com We are now in Florida...toll free number is 1 877 808 5472.....
If you are not a Bird or Pet store please visit our retail site at www.birdfarm.com....Retail pet and Bird store now you can become a Birdfarm satelite store..keep your same name of your store but be a part of the thousands of people that call and buy from Birdfarm...If you would like more information please call us 8am to 8pm, I will be happy to answer any of your questions..
Banners are available on Birdfarm, as low as $100 per month with a contract....your store name, and phone as well as a link to your web site...call today for more info at 1 877 808 5472 Toll free...
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Mostly Cascades with some C++ (mainly for calculations and database access). Last night was first time I generated signed "release" version of the app. To date have been testing with debug version. When I loaded the release version onto my Dev Alpha it starts and runs so fast its not even funny (you cannot even notice splash screen - it just blinks and app is fully loaded). BB10 rocks!
i was really interested in this app when i saw it on the playbook, but thought it would only make sense if i had it with be all time, since i dont always carry the pb with me i thought i would hold off, but now that bb10 is right around the corner and i definatly will have that with me at all times im excited to try it out. PS looks visually appealing too. good job !
Check out themidniteedition.wordpress.com for all the latest news and reviews on tech and gaming
You can also download THE MIDNITE EDITION app for your Z10 or PlayBook or Any Berry running OS 7.1 or older
i was really interested in this app when i saw it on the playbook, but thought it would only make sense if i had it with be all time, since i dont always carry the pb with me i thought i would hold off, but now that bb10 is right around the corner and i definatly will have that with me at all times im excited to try it out. PS looks visually appealing too. good job !
I am having the same problem with my own expense tracking. PlayBook version is excellent for mostly in-home receipt entry, etc, but very challenging keeping up with all the receipts on the go since its bit of a hassle carrying PB. Phone version will solve this since phone is always with you. I have also some other features lined up which will make entry easier but for now its a top secret ;-)
If you look at post 5 it is stated that it is written in Cascades mostly with some C++
Mostly Cascades with some C++ (mainly for calculations and database access). Last night was first time I generated signed "release" version of the app. To date have been testing with debug version. When I loaded the release version onto my Dev Alpha it starts and runs so fast its not even funny (you cannot even notice splash screen - it just blinks and app is fully loaded). BB10 rocks!
I have 12 accounts in my Quicken. Unfortunately Quicken does not have a BB app nor do I think they're even considering BB10.
I still want to be able to use Quicken on my laptop and desktop and sync all transactions and changes to my (future) BB10 device. The only way I can see this happening is if Money Plus supports QDF or if you make a robust desktop program
Right now, my Quicken saved files and Back Up file is being saved to my shared Sky Drive folder, and I have Quicken set up on both my laptop and desktop to just retrieve saved/backed up files from that SkyDrive folder. This makes keeping both my laptop and desktop up-to-sync with eachother much easier...
We're happy to report Money Plus 2.0.111.947 has been submitted to BlackBerry World for approval and should become available shortly. This is a small mostly bug fix update which addresses some issues with Transaction Details screen. We have improved the payee suggestions as well as optimized the flow to support both portrait and landscape entry. There are other numerous small improvements.
We are now focusing on account running balances, password protection and import / export to bring the BB10 application at par with PlayBook version.
Not at the moment but starting with next version you will be able to take your Money Plus PlayBook backup file and import into BB10 phone version. Two way import/export will be possible when PlayBook is able to run Cascades applications.
Originally Posted by pick1eberry
if you bought the PB version do you still have to pay for the BB10 version?
No, its a single product ID, meaning, as long as you are signed in to your BlackBerry with the same BlackBerry ID you can install on all devices you own.
CrackBerry is in no way Affiliated with BlackBerry. We take pride in our unbiased content, however do occasionally receive free products from vendors that we review or discuss. For more info click here.
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Ron Paul & the "debate"
The below is from my son, a college
junior, who, as this proud papa likes to say, is at the 99th percentile of
perceptiveness. See the first bar graph, which came from one of the
mainstream moron media (msnbc.com) and reflects audience votes on the
debate. Note that the first two bars for Ron Paul and Mitt Romney are of
equal length, but the accompanying statistics show that Paul got 40.4% of the
votes, and Romney, 22.9%. If the bars were accurate, the bar for Paul
would be almost twice as long as the bar for Romney.
And so the lobotomized nation goes,
round and round the toilet bowl of history.
First graph: WTF?! 40.5% != 22.9% (I
threw some programming language in there for you)
Even at his lowest point, Ron Paul still
had 96 more votes than Rick Perry and Mitt Romney COMBINED.
2. I caught this too but if you look, the scale used is actually PIXELS so that would make this graph logarithmic. That's darn misleading in a bar chart.
3. Seems the two conclusions are that the "statisticians" who created this were sloppy (happens all the time) OR it's intentionally misleading. OR a combination of same. The other option is that web developers aren't necessarily statisticians and they might have interpreted the data...variously.
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Shop Kohl’s nightowl and earlybird specials on Friday, July 11, from 3 p.m. until 11 p.m. and Saturday, July, 12, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Look for extra savings on swimwear for the family, collection apparel for women and men, new looks for juniors, and boys’ and girls’ Chaps uniforms for back to school.
Take an extra 30%, 20% of 15% off when you use your Kohl’s Charge, plus everyone gets $10 Kohl’s Cash for every $50 spent.
With more than half of July and the whole month of August yet to come, many are planning beach getaways and summer vacation trips. Save 50-65% off SONOMA life + style swim trunks for men and Candie’s swim separates for juniors.
For a cool, breezy look for the hottest summer days, pair an LC Lauren Conrad sleeveless white top in soft watercolor pastels and crisp white denim shorts. Add white wedge sandals that are easy to kick off on the sand.
At savings of 50-60%, choose several mix and match combos in your favorite styles and colors.
Share this article
Sharon Steimle and her husband Doug live in Columbia, SC.. Sharon has been a lifelong fashion bargain shopper, frequenting out-of-the-way shops and little-known haunts, as well as comparison shopping and watching for the very best clothing sales. She loves high fashion at low cost. Sharon can be contacted at [email protected].
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Interesting thread starter by Tobashadow on how to handle podcasts with pyTivo. Haven't tried it yet but if it works well we should ask his permission to paste his post into the Wiki.
With Tobashadow's permission, and after testing the podcast feature, I added this to the Wiki. In connection with this I made the following changes:
1. Added a "Special Features" heading to the main Wiki page and made the podcast item/link the first subheading under it.
2. Created a linked podcast page that currently just contains a link to Tobashadow's post giving instructions for podcasts. We have Tobashadow's permission to paste the content of his post here if desired -- perhaps that would be preferable ?
3. Since the main page is getting rather long, inserted a topic outline macro near the top which links to the headings on the page. I used the "inline" version of this macro but the other version, "pullout", is kind of nice too. See what you think. (Edit the page, change "inline" to "pullout", and preview.)
__________________
"It must be swell to be so perfect and odor-free" -- Del Griffith
VideoReDo users: Try To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 10 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
pyTivo users: Try To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 10 or greater. You currently have 0 posts. and To view links or images in signatures your post count must be 10 or greater. You currently have 0 posts.
If you are outputting to a 4:3 tv some tivos are know to not be a be able to correctly play back 16:9 encoded files to 4:3 TVs. Right now tivos with TSNs starting with '540', '649' are known not to work. If you set aspect169=false for your tivo and it starts to work report the first 3 digits of your TSN and I will add it to the default blacklist.
If you are using a 16:9 tv make sure to have the tivo set to output 16:9.
I set aspect169=false and widescreen videos are working fine now. Since it's a 16:9 TV they play with black bars on all 4 sides, but I can just use the TV's zoom and it looks fine.
Beacon IP list instead of single 255.255.255.255 (for multihome machines, python appears to only broadcast to one interface using the default)
I think the default width you chose is good for your 540. Do we know if it will be good for other models? (e.g., 649 and 240).
544x480 (3/4 D1) is listed as an acceptable size in the Tivo-go-back specs but I haven't tried it on my 649. (It does not record to that size for any quality setting.)
I believe pyTivo is already reading the model number from info sent by the Tivo, so it should be possible to set the output width differently for different models -- if necessary.
Edit:
I just edited my transcode.py file to force it to encode to 544 width and transfered a 320x240 WMV to my TiVo. Seemed to work fine.
__________________
"It must be swell to be so perfect and odor-free" -- Del Griffith
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For a while I thought it was too good to be true -- I started the pyTivo transfer before the complete file had downloaded (just to see what would happen). It played OK! But only for part of the program.
I run it on Linux and use bashpodder as my podcatcher. I can start watching a podcast on my Tivo via pyTivo as its being downloaded with bashpodder and it will view all the way through until the end no problem.
I wonder dlfl if maybe your podcatcher was downloading kind of slow and pyTivo "caught up" with it.
Hmm, I run it on Linux and use bashpodder as my podcatcher and I can start watching a podcast on my Tivo via pyTivo as its being downloaded with bashpodder and it will view all the way until the end no problem.
Hmm.... and hmm again! I tried to repeat this today and Doppler now is appending ".incomplete" to every file name it is downloading -- which means it isn't recognized at all in the NPL list. (Presumably it will be after the download completes and [presumably] Doppler removes the incomplete extension). I uninstalled Doppler and installed a different version and it did the same thing.
So now I'm wondering how I ever started transfering a file via pyTivo while Doppler was still downloading it !
Any recommendations for solid Windows XP podcatcher software will be appreciated! Although I can't fault Doppler for this behavior since it probably prevents some bad effects resulting from trying to use the downloaded file before it is complete. Just seems strange that its behavior has changed overnight!
@Tobashadow: Does your Doppler act like this?
I looked up bashpodder but it seems to be unix/linux only so I can't use it.
EDIT: Never mind! Must have been a brain fart!
What must have happened:
1. While I was getting familiar with Doppler it downloaded at least one complete episode of DL.TV and was working on another.
2. I started playing the complete already downloaded episode via pyTivo but thinking I was transfering the one that was currently downloading.
3. All this downloading and transfering was funneling through my wireless laptop connection into my router and it got behind on the pyTivo transfer.
I suspect that (bandwidth permitting) I could pyTivo transfer a file while it was still downloading -- but it would require a different podcatcher that didn't assign a temporary name (with a non-video extension) to the file being downloaded. For this to work requires the duration to be available from the file header, which it must be or ocntscha wouldn't be able to do it! (I think.)
Well I hope this has been a valuable learning experience for someone besides me!
__________________
"It must be swell to be so perfect and odor-free" -- Del Griffith
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Hmm.... and hmm again! I tried to repeat this today and Doppler now is appending ".incomplete" to every file name it is downloading -- which means it isn't recognized at all in the NPL list. (Presumably it will be after the download completes and [presumably] Doppler removes the incomplete extension). I uninstalled Doppler and installed a different version and it did the same thing.
So now I'm wondering how I ever started transfering a file via pyTivo while Doppler was still downloading it !
Any recommendations for solid Windows XP podcatcher software will be appreciated! Although I can't fault Doppler for this behavior since it probably prevents some bad effects resulting from trying to use the downloaded file before it is complete. Just seems strange that its behavior has changed overnight!
@Tobashadow: Does your Doppler act like this?
I looked up bashpodder but it seems to be unix/linux only so I can't use it.
EDIT: Never mind! Must have been a brain fart!
What must have happened:
1. While I was getting getting familiar with Doppler it downloaded at least one complete episode of DL.TV and was working on another.
2. I started playing the complete already downloaded episode via pyTivo but thinking I was transfering the one that was currently downloading.
3. All this downloading and transfering was funneling through my wireless laptop connection into my router and it got behind on the pyTivo transfer.
I suspect that (bandwidth permitting) I could pyTivo transfer a file while it was still downloading -- but it would require a different podcatcher that didn't assign a temporary name (with a non-video extension) to the file being downloaded. For this to work requires the duration to be available from the file header, which it must be or ocntscha wouldn't be able to do it! (I think.)
Well I hope this has been a valuable learning experience for someone besides me!
No bad effect's on my end, i choose Doppler for the low memory usage and that it allows you to pick the download folder on a per podcast feed ability, and for the automatic cleanup feature.
My net connection download's a average 200mb video file fast enough that i wouldnt have a problem with incomplete file's. I also tend to not watch stuff while it is being transcoded on the fly to the tivo right after it start's. I give it 5-15 min's or so of a headstart incase of bottleneck's in the network or glitch's on the computer or for large area's in the video i wish to skip.
I have a bunch of subfolders (like I'm sure most of you do) under /home/nas/Videos (which pyTivo is pointed to). They all show up properly via the NPL and I can browse them and see the recordings inside them ...
... except for the folder called Movies. If I go into that folder, it comes up empty. It's got a bunch of files in it: .mp4, .mpg., .TiVo, .avi, etc. None of them show up. I have the same variety in the other folders and they work ... it's just the Movies folder.
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I have a bunch of subfolders (like I'm sure most of you do) under /home/nas/Videos (which pyTivo is pointed to). They all show up properly via the NPL and I can browse them and see the recordings inside them ...
... except for the folder called Movies. If I go into that folder, it comes up empty. It's got a bunch of files in it: .mp4, .mpg., .TiVo, .avi, etc. None of them show up. I have the same variety in the other folders and they work ... it's just the Movies folder.
Any ideas?
Maybe the user pyTivo's running as doesn't have permission into that folder and/or to read the files?
It's not permissions ... every subdirectory under /home/nas/Videos has the same owner and rights.
I tried shutting down pyTiVo then renamed 'Movies' to 'Films' and started pyTiVo again. Now, no matter what folder I pick, I'm presented with two subfolders: Season 1 and Season 2. If I pick one of those folders I'm just shown Season 1 and Season 2 again. This is the structure under my "Dead Like Me" folder under /home/nas/Videos and I'm not sure why pyTiVo is stuck in it. I've tried restarting multiple times and now can't get it to show anything but those two folders when I pick a subfolder.
So where I'm stuck now ... when I go into pyTiVo, I can see all the subfolders under "Videos" and the <files> in that same folder. As soon as I pick a subfolder (say, "Heroes") I see two folders (Season 1 and Season 2). I can pick either of those and see the same two folders again and again and again and never get to any files.
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I tried shutting down pyTiVo then renamed 'Movies' to 'Films' and started pyTiVo again. Now, no matter what folder I pick, I'm presented with two subfolders: Season 1 and Season 2.
Well, that at least seems to indicate that the behavior is changing based on the name of this folder. Rename it to something arbitrary... maybe the code looks for folders with common names and behaves differently (and buggily) when it finds them?
I just installed this over the weekend and it's been working great except for one weird problem.
My podcast folder includes subfolders for each podcast. When I go into that subfolder and come back out of it through the now playing list, my now playing list continues to show those subfolders now plus the MyMovies icon. Sorta like that's the actual now playing list. When I back out again, I'm at the main menu. Going back into now playing will show that again, my actual now playing list "disappears".
I usually have to do a few things to get it to come back properly, like go to live TV or play a video in the Showcase area or something like that.
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I just installed this over the weekend and it's been working great except for one weird problem.
My podcast folder includes subfolders for each podcast. When I go into that subfolder and come back out of it through the now playing list, my now playing list continues to show those subfolders now plus the MyMovies icon. Sorta like that's the actual now playing list. When I back out again, I'm at the main menu. Going back into now playing will show that again, my actual now playing list "disappears".
I usually have to do a few things to get it to come back properly, like go to live TV or play a video in the Showcase area or something like that.
First... I have a Series 3, but as I understand from a previous post Music should work, just not Video. I'm running pyTivo-181 from a Linux box. When I go into "Music, Photos, & More", I can see the "MyMusic" entry and if I select it I can see all the music files (mp3s), but if I try to play any the TiVo says unsupported format and on my Linux terminal where pyTivo is running I see:
First... I have a Series 3, but as I understand from a previous post Music should work, just not Video. I'm running pyTivo-181 from a Linux box. When I go into "Music, Photos, & More", I can see the "MyMusic" entry and if I select it I can see all the music files (mp3s), but if I try to play any the TiVo says unsupported format and on my Linux terminal where pyTivo is running I see:
OK, how many of you noticed this example video bitrate line in recent pyTivo.conf distributions:
Quote:
#video_br=3Mi
Now how many of you are honest enough to admit that, like me, you thought this must be a typo? (But you knew what was really needed was something like "4096K" so it didn't phase you.)
Well I've gotten into the habit of googling "wiki <xxxx>" for any <xxxx> that puzzles me so finally I ended up at this Wikipedia page and lo and behold, "Mi" is an abbreviation for the binary prefix "mebi" which means (unambiguously) 2^20. These IEC prefixes are intended to avoid the ambiguity where "M" and "k" and "K" can mean different mulipliers depending on context -- and on the eyes of the beholder sometimes.
OK, now 'fess up -- don't leave me thinking I was the only one......
BTW, I found you can use k, K, M, or Mi for the bitrate number in the .conf file. They are all accepted by ffmpeg . k and K have identical meanings. but M and Mi will give encoding rates that differ by a factor of 1.024. And 4Mi gives 4194kb encoding rate.
__________________
"It must be swell to be so perfect and odor-free" -- Del Griffith
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I believe the blacklist is overly broad with regards to 16:9. My Tivo, TSN#540xxxxxxxxxxxx (Tivo-brand S2 80GB), works fine with 16:9, but "540" is in the blacklist in Config.py. Removing it allows the aspect ratio to work correctly.
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I'm a Python n00b and didn't realize that I was using a new language feature.
If you want to preserve the 2.4 compatibility of pyTivo, then apply this patch, the symantics are slightly different in that when given an invalid width, this version will choose the next higher resolution instead of the nearest resolution, but in practice it shouldn't matter and it definitely is simpler:
I just wanted to say thanks to all of you who are working on this. I've got this running on my winxp machine and so far its great. I have one 260 connected to a 16x9 tv, and one 590 connected to a 4:3. Its all working great (had to aspect169=false the 590)
I'm trying to get pyTivo running on my lan. I believe I have everything on my ubuntu server correct, but seem to be having a total MRV failure. None of my 3 series2's list each other on their NPL's, much less the new pyTivo on the lan.
Does MRV have anything to do with the "Manually Add Server" option on the tivo?
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I have a bunch of subfolders (like I'm sure most of you do) under /home/nas/Videos (which pyTivo is pointed to). They all show up properly via the NPL and I can browse them and see the recordings inside them ...
... except for the folder called Movies. If I go into that folder, it comes up empty. It's got a bunch of files in it: .mp4, .mpg., .TiVo, .avi, etc. None of them show up. I have the same variety in the other folders and they work ... it's just the Movies folder.
Any ideas?
I am having the same problem. Full reinstall of pytivo and restarting the tivo didnt take care of the issue. Running build 185. Reverting back to the older build (181) which was working fine still does not fix the issue.
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Taste Great Southern Feb 22- Mar 30 2014
February 22 - March 30, 2014.
Taste Great Southern is one of the richest and most diverse vinous and gastronomic experiences on offer in Western Australia. Over 45 individual events will be held across the region, ranging from farmers markets, pop up dinners, guest chef cooking demonstrations, degustation dinners, beach BBQ’s and picnics. This year we are delighted to be hosting the legendary Stephanie Alexander, as well as the ever-effervescent Poh Ling Leow and WA's own Anna Gare. Join us in the beautiful Great Southern during March for this not-to-be-missed fiesta.
Plantagenet Wines will be participating in a number of events, including the opening event; Albany Oyster Festival on Saturday 01 March 2014 (opening 2pm-8pm) at Eyre Park, Cnr Adelaide Crescent & Garden St, Middleton Beach, Albany. Buy tickets for this event here: http://tickets.oztix.com.au/?Event=41269
WARNING: Under the Liquor Control Act 1988, it is an offence to sell or supply liquor to a person under the age of 18 years on licensed or regulated premises; or for a person under the age of 18 years to purchase, or attempt to purchase, liquor on licensed or regulated premises. Licence number; 618002062 - class of licence ; Producers licence – the name of licensee; Plantagenet wines pty ltd – Lot 45 Albany Hwy, Mount Barker, Western Australia, 6324. Phone: 9851 3111. ABN: 34059236412
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gmail
As I said earlier this week, Google+ continues to keep techies like myself on the edge of our seats, as they introduce new features that incorporate Google+ Circles into its other Google properties. While I don’t think Google is going
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This slow cooked beef ragu is delicious and rich yet economical because it uses cheaper cuts of meat. Make it ahead for easy mid-week dinners. It pairs perfectly with zucchini noodles or steamed vegetables.
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The Hawaii Community Foundation (HCF) announced that it will sponsor two public talks in Honolulu featuring His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet. The talks are part of the Dalai Lama's three-day stay on O'ahu (April 14-16, 2012), where he will participate in a series of conversations with local leaders and visits to important cultural and historical sites.
"Peace is an active state of being-it is not passive," said Pierre Omidyar. "We hope that the Dalai Lama's visit will inspire people to consciously embrace compassion and apply peace in their everyday lives."
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Musings from a stylist….
A Shot at Style….
If I were Tila Tequila’s stylist, I would had to have taken about 40 shots of tequila to think this was ever a good idea for an outfit. This little tart needs to sex it down and cover it up…. I have always been a fan of the less is more approach. Clearly a concept that is lost on this little bi-sexual beauty. Okay, the corset can stay, but I would add a fitted black jacket over it, as illustrated here by the lovely Eve, in a hot little tailored number by DSquared2. Since we know Miss Tequila likes to go both ways, I would give her the option of pairing that combo with a pair of either dark skinny jeans, for a chic look, or some ripped up jeans for a dirty rocker look. I would top both looks off with a pair of platform heels in either black or leopard. Now, that’s a look worth drinking to.
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Shopping
Book Your Stay in Huntsville — Lake of Bays
Algonquin Outfitters - Huntsville
Since 1961, Algonquin Outfitters has been providing quality Algonquin Park back-country adventures for the entire family. We specialize in all inclusive guided canoe trips, light weight canoe rentals, and camping packages designed to suit your needs. Let us take care of the details with an all inclusive custom guided canoe trip, or choose one of our outfitting packages and plan your own adventure.
Jane Marshall Flowers
At Jane Marshall Flowers, quality and service are our commitment. Customers are #1 to us. Family owned and operated, with over 50 years of industry experience. a Large selection of only the freshest flowers from around the world.
Live Edge Forest
LEF creates original pieces from fallen Canadian trees with strong hopes to inspire others to embrace nature in their homes. Knowing that you are saving a tree by reclaiming the life of another adds significance to the fact that each piece is completely unique.
Reflections of Muskoka
Reflections of Muskoka is your fashion store in Muskoka! Includes mid-range priced clothing for men, women and children, a large selection of footwear and more. Reflections of Muskoka is for all fashions that matter!
Sandhill Nursery
Plan to spend some time here because no-one ever rushes a visit to Sandhill Nursery. Feel free to relax, browse, and take your time. We’ve got a lot to offer the passionate gardener, including a full selection of trees, shrubs, perennials, and annuals, a 3,000 square foot greenhouse, two gift shops filled to the brim with unique design accessories and the latest garden stuff, soils, mixes, and mulches and expert advice for beginners and experts alike.
Soapstones Natural Skincare
Soapstones offers a wide range of natural skincare products, crafted with passion and care, with you, your family and the environment in mind. Whether you are seeking a beautiful bar of soap, a luxurious body lotion or a sensational scrub, we believe you will feel the difference that results when carefully sourced ingredients are prepared with love.
The Topiary
The Topiary is proud to be the largest crystal carrier in Muskoka, from small tumbled stones to larger, higher quality show piece crystals. We also offer a wide variety of aromatherapy, made in house, and a great selection of smudge, singing bowls, mediation and yoga supplies, books, tarot cards, gifts and more.
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What You Should Know About Painters This Year
Painting Services: Bringing Life To Your Colorless Home When it comes to paint restoration or painting a new home nothing can give you more convenience and less hassle but the services of an experienced residential painting contractors. Most of the time, people are so into cheapskate ideas that they refuse to hire professional painting services in the hopes of doing their painting endeavors at home themselves. Painting, especially the ones that are done at home should be handled only by a professional to not only ensure that the results are desirable, but to avoid mistakes leading to more expenses. Painting the home is a matter that you should not take into your own hands as your lack of experience and knowledge in the craft will not only result to failure, at worst it will be a costly mistake. There have been a lot of accounts where home owners took do it yourself painting to another level, and the results are disastrously reflected on the walls of their homes. A do it yourself painting is not advisable if you lack the know how, as this will not only lead to an ugly looking home, but also to additional expenses for you. While it is okay to constantly keep expenses at the minimum, for a desirable finish to be achieved a home owner should put into consideration several important factors in residential painting. To ensure quality work, look for professional painting contractors that you can trust such as the Residential Painting Lubbock. It is also noteworthy to remember that the professional to hire can be trusted and has an outstanding track record to avoid dealing with incompetent and unreliable ones.Looking On The Bright Side of Painters
So what should you really look for in a painting professional to ensure that you are hiring the right one to do the job? Well, the experience of the painting contractor should be the first thing that you should check when hiring one. Make sure to check whether they have handled various successful paint jobs or whether they have a field of specialization.Interesting Research on Professionals – Things You Probably Never Knew
Make sure that you will thoroughly check the records of their past works and look into photographic evidence of their output to find out if they are as good as they say. It is also important to take note that if the painting contractor is competent and reliable like Residential Painting Lubbock, they will easily come up with an assessment on what the project needs basing on specifications. Painting contractors that are competent and reliable don not only have top of the line equipments, they also have in depth knowledge on painting products and methodologies. Above else, these professionals are known for their versatility as they will use techniques and methods in accordance to the specifications, budget and requirements of the clients. For an assured successful and desirable finish of your home painting project, check every detail of the personal to hire so as to ensure you are hiring the right one.
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Clothing
The diagram below shows the key points to measure when calculating size, then simply select the correct size from the chart above. It's best to actually take body measurements rather than measuring over clothes. You shouldn't need to 'size up' or 'down' unless you have a particular fit preference of course.
Reebok Workout Sports Bra - Medium Support
An essential addition to your wear-any-season kit - this Workout bra by Reebok supports you through medium-intensity sessions from zumba and cycling to jogging and hot yoga. The racer back and scooped neckline means you achieve a natural range of motion, while Speedwick and PlayDrytechnologies work together to wick away sweat and heatfrom your body to make sure you're always cool and comfy from start to finish.
Team with Reebok printed tights and a relaxed fitting tank top, all you need is your trusty trainers and you're all set to turn heads at your next class!
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and waste batteries must never be placed in your waste disposal or recycling bins. WEEE is taken back free of charge at electrical retail outlets on a one-for-one like-for-like basis. There is a bin for small batteries in your local store. Local authority civic amenity facilities also take back WEEE and waste batteries free of charge. WEEE and waste battery recycling is free. For more detail please see our Policy Pages at www.littlewoodsireland.ie/help/en/weee-directive.page.
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2012 Victoria Livestock show opens
By
ALLISON MILES
March 1, 2012 at 6:02 p.m.Updated Feb. 29, 2012 at 9:01 p.m.
Danielle Warzecha comforts her son Mason Maraggia during the early rounds of the rabbit judging at the Victoria Livestock Show. Mason placed 24th after the final round.
It's been several days since Gary Burns and his pup, Kitty, took first place in the Victoria Livestock Show Wiener Dog races. But, in addition to the trophy, Kitty got to go home.
That isn't the case with every stock show animal.
"A couple of years ago, my daughter showed a goat and the hardest thing was when she sold the goat," he said. "I had to go back and stop my wife and daughter from sneaking it out the back door. It was tough."
The Victoria County commissioner spoke as part of the 66th annual Victoria Livestock Show's grand opening ceremony at the Victoria Community Center, 2905 E. North St.
The Thursday event, which kicked off the five-day show, included a ribbon cutting, stock show memorials, awards and more, but animal judging lasted throughout the day.
Cowgirl Tot Ella Jander whiled away her time during market rabbit judging playing with friends, cuddling with bunnies and making the tiny plastic horses she brought along prance through the dirt.
The 4-year-old, who dressed the part in boots, a button-down and tiara-laden cowboy hat, said she was ready for her day's duties.
"I'm passing out ribbons," she said with a shy smile.
Meanwhile, behind the concession stand, 15-year-old Allan Stithem kept busy filling non-stop orders for soft drinks, nachos and more. While it was a hectic job, it was one he was accustomed to.
After all, he said, he's been doing it his entire life.
"He started out in a backpack on my back," Allan's mother and concessions chairwoman Toni Stithem said as she balanced on crutches. "And I appreciate the help. With my broken ankle, he's my feet this year."
Market broiler exhibitor Jessica Loredo faced a different sort of obstacle altogether, when one of her three broilers died during judging. With a cool head and focus on what she was there to do, however, she still pulled off a reserve champion win.
"You just have to keep going if something goes wrong," she said as she awaited the showmanship competition.
Other events lasted well into the evening, including market hog judging, the stock show carnival and beer garden entertainment.
Victoria Jaycee President Dian Patterson called the start-up a success.
The grand opening ceremony was bigger than in 2011, she said, and things seemed to be running fairly smoothly.
"All the fires have been put out," she said with a laugh from her station at the souvenir table. "It's good."
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Although notice people in and out of the gym in pairs, even working side by side, mostly it's a remote incident. Purchasing go alone, no one will care or notice. Purchasing work alone, you could have good people in. People who go to the health for a while not start conversations with famous faces, conversations like Are you done yet? and sometimes even smile. Normally the smile is rare when working and making an effort. It is a selfish action along with the sooner recognize and thank you for your desire to pursue, it'll be you'll be on your way to work out. Take a friend. But decide to purchase not, or have someone who shares your desire to improve, to try it on your. If you go to the same time each day, you has decided to see the facial skin as familiar and helpful.
The roller is also an efficient way to loosen tissue along the outside of this leg, with regard to the Iliotibial Band (IT Band) and the peroneals, that could be be hard to access with conventional stretches, as well as focusing on tight knots or bands within a muscle.
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ATLANTA, Ga. – Volvo has taken the next step in its over-the-air programming capabilities, unveiling the new Parameter Plus subscription package that allows up to 50 parameter updates per year. “It really brings a lot of value,” says Ashraf Makki,…
All Volvo trucks with GHG 2017 engines and factory-installed connectivity hardware are now eligible for software and parameter updates through Volvo’s Remote programming. Remote programming takes less than 20 minutes, the company says. Several parameter packages now allow truck owners…
Mack Trucks has expanded its over-the-air software and vehicle parameter capabilities, offering more updates for those with 2017 GHG Mack engines and factory-installed hardware. Mack Over the Air was launched in February 2017 with updates for powertrain components and vehicle…
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Gibson Brands, Inc., today announced that it has signed an agreement with Royal Philips to acquire WOOX Innovations, Philips' audio, video, multimedia and accessories business.
Under the terms of the agreement, Nashville-based Gibson will pay $135 million and a brand license fee, relating to a license agreement for an initial period of seven years, according to a release. The deal is expected to close in the second half of the year, subject to customary conditions, including regulatory filings and works council procedures.
The video business will stay with Philips until a transfer to Gibson in 2017. Until that time, a distribution agreement will be in place, whereby WOOX Innovations will be responsible for the marketing and sales of Philips-branded optical video products.
In the release, Gibson said the transaction with Royal Philips will leverage Gibson’s market presence in the U.S. and Japan, and WOOX Innovations’ market strength with Philips-branded audio and home entertainment products in Europe, China and Latin America.
“This agreement is the most significant step yet in Gibson Brands’ journey to become the largest music and sound technology company in the world,” Henry Juszkiewicz (pictured), Gibson Brands chairman and CEO, said in the release. “By acquiring Philips’ audio and home entertainment business, our goal is to continue to provide the most exceptional consumer audio products and experiences in the world.”
Relatedly, Gibson has in recent years invested in audio brands including Onkyo (read here) and TEAC.
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For a while, we thought that 91-year-old Bernice Bates of Florida was the world's oldest yoga instructor, but it turns out the Guinness Book of World Records has just given 93-year-old Tao Porchon-Lynch the official title. She's been teaching yoga for 61 years, and it has kept her in amazing shape. She loves doing it, saying, "I am going to teach yoga until I can't breathe anymore. Then it's going to carry me to the next planet. I love yoga. It brightens my day, and it makes everybody smile."
Forget trying to help this little old lady across the street: Bernice Bates, who's 91 years…
Read more Read more
Even after having a hip replacement, Tao's still more nimble than many of her students. Oh, and in case you thought she was slowing down in her old age, think again. She's also a competitive dancer, and she's about to compete in a tango competition in Puerto Rico. She's dancing with a partner who's a whopping 69 years younger than she is, so you know she's got some seriously speedy moves for a 93-year-old.
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2014 Nissan Juke NISMO RS AWD Review
by Stevo1087
“Overall it's a really great car.”
Really fun car! Has good visibility, very compact, good cargo space, and plenty of power. The amount of road noise was a little disappointing. The stereo isn't bad but lacks in base. Has the option to use all wheel drive or two wheel which makes it really nice for snow and economy.
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New York-based artist Craig Redman offers a fun portrayal of the recent New York Fashion Week via his one-eyed character Darcel. As part of Darcel Disappoints, several marquee names undergo the signature one-eyed transformation including Anna Wintour, Terry Richardson, Bryan Boy, Kanye West, Kristen Dunst and Oliver Zahm among others.
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Pages
Sunday, December 16, 2007
Anyone who knows us at Imaginerding is well aware that we consider Splash Mountain to be the ultimate Disney ride. Although Andy's favorite ride is Spaceship Earth and mine is the Haunted Mansion, we both agree that Splash Mountain offers a great story, wonderful songs, a fun (although wet) ride and a lot of details. Other rides may have better lineages (Haunted Mansion and Pirates) but Splash is an all around "really-good" ride*.
On our first day at MouseFest (Magic Kingdom day), we were able to ride Splash Mountain twice without any wait. We took as many pictures as we could in the queue and the daylight areas of the ride for future posts. Just for you, though, we broke our rule and took a flash picture inside the ride--just this once. We saw this book on our first ride and didn't have our cameras out. Andy nailed a great shot on the second go around.
We present to you another book update: How to Catch a Rabbit by Brer Wolf.
Since I wasn't able to snag a review copy of this title or step out of the log, I can't do an official book review. What I can tell you is that I would not recommend this book. After spending nearly 10 minutes following the author's escapades throughout the attraction, I can safely conclude that Mr. Wolf is a hack and that the book didn't help Br'er Fox secure any rabbits while on the ride. Near the end, Br'er Fox did catch the rabbit, but ended up throwing him into the briar patch after some quick talking by said rabbit.
If you can get your hands on a copy of this rare item, it is worth it from a collector's standpoint. Otherwise, I would leave this title in the swamp.
Once again, another great reason why you need to slow down, look around and enjoy the details while you are in the parks.
As the famous architect Ludwig Mies van der Mouse once said, "Walt is in the detail."
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HOF Spotlight: Dan Fortmann
Brief Bio: From young whipper-snapper to all-time great, Dan Fortmann was determination personified. Selected by the Chicago Bears in the very first NFL draft in 1936, Fortmann became the youngest starter in professional football at just 20 years old. Also considered too small for the NFL, many wrote him off as a bad pick from legendary owner George Halas. Fortmann proved them wrong. He helped to anchor a dominant Bears line that won three league championships and two other divisional titles during Fortmann’s 8 year career. An outstanding blocker on offense and tenacious tackler on defense, Fortmann was selected first- or second-team All NFL in every year of his career.
Career Stats: 86 games played; 8 interceptions, 1 fumble recovery TD
Featured Card: 1975 Fleer Hall of Fame #20. As a lineman, Fortmann did not receive much attention in the collectibles world, despite his brilliant career. Like many early football stars, he has been included in many HOF themed sets, like this 1975 offering from Fleer. Most similar cards will run in the $1-$2 range while autographs will fall into a $75-$100 range on eBay. Certain people are willing to make a quick dollar at any sacrifice of character possible, so always be aware of forged autographs. If the seller looks reputable, has great feedback ratings, and the autograph does not look “off”, you should feel safe to pull the trigger.
NOTE: You can find all of my Hall Of Fame Spotlight Features by clicking the HOF Spotlight banner above.
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Over the span of two weeks, more than 150 victims spoke in a Lansing courtroom, detailing what Nassar had done to him and how he had changed their lives.
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The survivors who spoke said Nassar would use his ungloved hands to penetrate them, often without explanation, while they were on a table seeking help for various injuries. Many stated they were children at the time, and that a parent was in the room with them. They said Nassar would use a sheet or his body to block the parent's view. Many also stated he told them to wear "baggy shorts" to all appointments.
Many of the survivors said in their statements MSU and other gymnastics authorities got wind of the assaults in the late '90s, but no actions were taken against Nassar. In 2014 the university's investigation of allegations against Nassar turned up empty.
Lorincz says she told him she wanted to help the university heal, but Engler said working together couldn't occur until the civil suits were settled. She claims he offered $250,000 and when she rejected, he said he'd met with Rachel Denhollander, who had given him a number.
Denhollander was the first survivor to file a criminal complaint against Larry Nassar back in 2016. Lorincz says she followed up with Rachel, she says, who told her she had never met with Engler, and never gave him a dollar amount.
"I am pleased for the survivors of Larry Nassar's mistreatment that this settlement is occurring. This is about justice for the survivors; each of the women who came forward deserve justice. Those who spoke at the many days of sentencing remain in my thoughts every day, and their strength is an inspiration to us all," said Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette.
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That's the way the zone was designed, it seems. The walls are not lined up north-south. I think I went heavy on the shadows too, which adds to the effect. The east-most wall definitely curves the way the map shows. I checked that, as positioning in that room is crucial to the raid's success.
As to the water earth fire ice words, I can remove them if necessary, but they are not POI's nor are they placed even close to where the portals spawn. There should be no assumption made between the words and the location of the portals.
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A Lamb Named Beauty shows the life of two twin sisters Kimberly and Gwendolyn. The series started in 2007, when the sisters were 10 years old. I tried to give a candid impression about how the twins take care of each other, and the many animals that are gathered around them. The twins seem to live in a domain all of their own, taking strength from their love from one another.
During the month of November, Paris transforms into the City of Photography! The 3rd annual Festival Photo Saint-Germain-des-Pres gives viewers a chance to see a wide range of photo works — old and new — presented by 38 local art galleries all within strolling distance. The theme this year: Faces and Bodies.
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These pics are from three years ago, Sept 2010. My daughter had used the trailer to go to a Hunter-Pace, and I asked her to bring it over and drop it off so I could practice with Elwood. We rarely go anywhere, so it seemed like a good (fun) idea.
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You are here: Home / Culture / See What Happened When This Mom Let Her 3-Year-Old Boy Dress Her For A Week
See What Happened When This Mom Let Her 3-Year-Old Boy Dress Her For A Week
earth porm
You might be hesitant to let your little kid pick out his or her own outfit to wear, but what about letting your child pick out your outfit? Kind of scary to think about… after all, kids have some crazy ideas about fashion.
Summer Bellessa decided to push her fears aside and give her son a chance to dress her up. After picking out her son’s outfits nearly every day for his entire life she decided to switch things up. She asked her 3-year-old son named Rockwell to pick out her outfits for an entire week.
Rockwell put his mommy in all kinds of crazy things, like mismatched shoes (more than once), funky socks, and asymmetric patterns, but in the end it was all worth it. And some of his outfits are actually cute!
Summer is a blogger at babble.com, where she shared her week of wild outfits. Bellesa writes, “A lot of being a mom is telling people what to do. It was therapeutic for both of us to change roles, if even in this small way. He enjoyed having his opinions heard.”
Day One
Hello, farmer girl in heels!
“The first few items were great: my Bob Dylan tee, with a gray skirt, and tights. I think I’ll put this in my rotation… But then before I could finish, he pointed to my nude heels.”
The first day Summer came downstairs wearing clothes picked out by Rockwell she imagined a dramatic reaction from her husband. Instead he said nothing, he didn’t notice anything different about her apparel at all.
Day Two
Summer’s favorite outfit of the week, ours too!
“This was probably my favorite day. These polka dotted Lula Roe leggings look great with my Mickey T-shirt… It’s almost like an homage to Minnie.”
Day Three
A summer dress to get mommy singing in the rain, and knee-high socks to help keep her warm!
Rockwell pointed out to his mother that the dress and socks match because they both have flowers. Summer writes of this outfit, “I was a little self-conscious running my errands that day, but again, to my surprise I didn’t get one double-take or stare of curiosity. Instead, I got a woman who stopped me to tell me she liked my socks!”
Day Four
Rockwell gets a lesson in fashion: mommy must have pants on before going outside.
“This outfit was a little more of a challenge. He picked out three shirts for me … and that’s it. ‘Mommy can’t go outside without any pants on,’ I explained to my 3-year-old. ‘How about we switch one of these shirts for a pair of pants?’”
You might not be able to tell at first glance, but upon closer inspection Summer is actually wearing two different pairs of cheetah print shoes. She doesn’t think Rockwell noticed his shoe mix-up, but she was a good sport and wore the different shoes regardless.
Day Five
Sporty outfit with two different boots!
“He also pulled out two boots, a rain boot and a brown cropped boot. He looked at them and asked, ‘Are these close enough?’” Rockwell was too busy trying to find pants with arrows on them to think about matching shoes, Summer explains arrows are one of his favorite shapes.
The whole experience taught Summer a lot of important life lessons, like there is no reason to worry about what you are wearing because no one really notices. Summer writes, “The pressure we put on ourselves to look a certain way is just that: pressure we put on ourselves. I wore two different shoes for two days, and no one noticed until I pointed it out.”
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noteThe full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/7.0.57 logs.
Down to earth
1 December, 2017
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The city has witnessed a surge of interest in terrace gardening and kitchen farming in the last couple of years. Advocates of the activity include people who are fed-up with pesticide-ridden vegetables and even architects who incorporate green elements in their interiors. But, very few have addressed the lack of availability of fertile soil within the urban conglomerate. Aluva-based Anas Nasser’s soil substitute, Organure, brings a feasible solution to the issue, rooted in traditional farming methods.
Styled to need This management graduate started his affair with the production industry through carbon products like biochar and coconut shell charcoal. It’s during his struggles to get loans from the government for entrepreneurship that he learned about the possibilities of cocopeat, a substance available in plenty in the land of coconuts. Setting out into his own experimental learning style, he mastered the technique of converting the raw material into biofertilizer from Central Coir Research Institute, Kalavoor, Alappuzha. “We filter the peat to fine particles and subject them to bioreaction through bacterial action.
After composting for 10 days, we add other ingredients to make our products,” says the 26-year-old, who has devised separate mixes for native and international clientele. Kochi’s terrace farmers can opt for their fertile mix which contains powdered goat manure and marothi seed dust. Interior garden enthusiasts, who prefer beautified versions, can opt for Organure’s fancier blends which contain seaweed extracts, perlite or vermiculite. `45 per kg onwards, Details: 8848644650
Support structure Alongside his experiments with soil replacement, Anas has also developed efficient garden designs for scanty spaces. He creates vertical garden pouches and pipe-based paraphernalia which can be used for raising vegetables and plants. He also strives to create awareness on how people can utilise minimal spaces by setting up kitchen gardens and even supplying seeds.
Forest Service combats tree deaths with recycled wood
1 December, 2017
Clear.
A clear sky. Low 39F. Winds light and variable.
Curtis Kvamme, a soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest, pours biochar next to a tree near Arnold. The United States Forest Service is scattering the substance over a 16-acre lot where about 5,000 bark beetle-infested trees were felled in 2016.
Curtis Kvamme, a soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest, pours biochar next to a tree near Arnold. The United States Forest Service is scattering the substance over a 16-acre lot where about 5,000 bark beetle-infested trees were felled in 2016.
Curtis Kvamme took an orange bucket that held just under 5 gallons of dark, black sediment, walked approximately 20 yards and dumped the sediment at the base of a pine tree that has lost many of its needles.
“Eighty-eight,” said the Sonora-based soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest of the bucket count.
One-hundred fifty tons to go.
Scientists began a study Monday in a part of the forest near Arnold, where evidence of historically arid conditions earlier in the decade can be seen in trees that have been devastated by bark beetles nearby. The goal is to try to save and rejuvenate the forest.
Workers pour what amounts to recycled trees – turned into biochar after being roasted without oxygen – onto the soil with hopes it will hold more ground moisture to feed the struggling canopy. It would pay off in the summer months when conditions turn dry.
If the ground holds more water, effectively watered trees would be able to better fight off attacks from bugs that thrive when their victims cannot produce enough sap to deter invasions, said Debbie Page-Dumroese, a research soil scientist for the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the United States Forest Service. In turn, the efforts could also reduce fire risk.
It is not known how the environment will react to the study, a long-term evaluation of biochar use. Similar queries throughout western states like Montana, Utah, Oregon and Idaho have seen an improvement in ground vegetation and seedling growth.
The soil in the Stanislaus forest is different from other locations that have been studied thus far, said Page-Dumroese. The dirt is fine, clay-like and rocky. Other soils have been sandy and rocky, she said.
If results reflect a positive effect on the area, biochar could provide an alternative to the carbon dioxide pollution from smoky burn piles. Page-Dumroese said chopped stacks of trees could be turned into biochar, which is made when wood is burned without oxygen at 752 degrees Fahrenheit.
“When you burn wood in a burn pile, you lose 90 percent of the biocarbon,” said Kvamme. “When you use the biochar, you save 80 percent of it.”
The Forest Service has a patent out for a portable container to manufacture biochar onsite, said Page-Dumroese. A Florida-based company is currently working on the prototype. She said it is expected to be done by next year.
Ultimately, the businesses could prosper from the prototype, she said. They are focusing on salvaging dead or dying timber industries in rural areas. For the next 20 years, scientists will observe the biochar in the Stanislaus National Forest in a 16-acre plot where approximately 5,000 beetle-killed trees were removed in the fall of 2016, said Marcus Taylor, a wood and biomass utilization scientist with the USFS.
The biochar on site as of Monday was hauled into the area aboard trucks after it was made out of recycled almond trees from Merced, said Page-Dumroese. Truckers brought biochar in and hauled out stacks of felled trees to use as fuel to make more.
The project cost about $150,000. Page-Dumroese said the Forest Service is paying for the study.
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Bio char research paper
Bio char research papers
Installation of decentralized units for biogas production along with indigenous upgradation systems can be an effective approach to meet growing energy demands of the rural population. Therefore, readily available leaf waste was used to prepare biochar at different temperatures and employed for H2S removal from biogas produced via anaerobic digestion plant. It is found that biochar prepared via carbonization of leaf waste at 400 °C effectively removes 84.2% H2S (from 1254 ppm to 201 ppm) from raw biogas for 25 minutes in a continuous adsorption tower. Subsequently, leaf waste biochar compositional, textural and morphologicalproperties before and after H2S adsorption have been analyzed using proximate analysis, CHNS, BET surface area, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX. It is found that BET surface area, pore size, and textural properties of leaf waste biochar plays a crucial role in H2S removal from the biogas.
Bio Char
1 December, 2017
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About AirTerra
1 December, 2017
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Best Tips For Finding Affordable Biochar Production Equipment F
2 December, 2017
The development and sale of biochar has risen exponentially, especially with the aid of pyrolysis machines. Charcoal is extremely an easy task to make with these machines and pyrolysis plants that could be found worldwide. It is a byproduct of taking both organic and inorganic products and breaking them down chemically. The molecular structure changes, ultimately causing the production of biofuel that will replace diesel fuel, and biochar that may be burnt as charcoal. To get the most effective biochar production equipment on the market, at an affordable price, the following advice will cause you to the best companies.
A Brief Breakdown Of This Technique
This method is in fact very clear and understandable. Looking at a biomass pyrolysis power plant, this makes more sense by examining this from the massive perspective. Assuming you will have a steady availability of biodegradable materials like wood chips, palm kernels, coconut shells, and even sludge, this may be placed in to these machines. If it is a pyrolysis plant, it is going to have a big reactor that is the location where the material will go. Temperatures is going to be increased before the chemical composition from the material starts to break up. This is funneled into different areas, and the physical residue of this process would be the biochar. Since oxygen was pulled from the whole process of breaking this down, it will not have burned, and that’s why the charcoal can be used as barbecues, or even heating homes in locations where electricity and also other sorts of power are tricky to find.
Do You Need To Use A Large Availability Of Biomass?
The quantity of biodegradable material which you have available, and even materials like plastic or rubber, will gauge how much production you will have. If you want to make the most money using this type of business, it is strongly advised which you have a sizable source of this product to process. Some individuals create entire plants close to areas where there will probably be a huge harvest of coconuts, rice, or they might create close to a landfill. In that way, they may have easy access to the materials that might be required for the pyrolysis process to be effective. The better which you have, the greater charcoal you are going to create, which leads to increased amounts of production. Therefore, if you have a large supply of this material which may be processed, our recommendation is that you spend money on a full pyrolysis plant that may handle the greater volume of material you have available.
This is certainly becoming among the top items that people can find if they need to contribute to the planet, and in addition earn money on the way. Once they do have access to these biodegradable and nonbiodegradable products, plus they have enough money to pay, it’s definitely a sensible decision to make. There will always be going to be buyers for charcoal, not to mention biofuel for people who run diesel motors at large commercial or industrial locations. Once you get going, you will observe how beneficial this is certainly for helping retain the landfills clear, and in addition the actual way it will benefit your own or business finances. Start looking for affordable bio charcoal production equipment on the market to begin with this industry.
Biochar research paper
2 December, 2017
Essay Store.
Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry
2 December, 2017
The result is a lawn with the color you desire without excessive growth and mowing! Heirloom Seeds. Use for vine vegetables, fruits and flowers. Ancestral dogs and cats ate bones. Generally, these laws prohibit phosphorus fertilizer application unless it is for (1) curing a lack of necessary phosphorus, (2) establishing new turf, or (3) repairing turf. POULTRY LITTER CONDITIONER & LITTER pH REDUCER” If Ammonia affects your farm profits? Use Literon Proper Air Quality is important for the health of birds. Keywords:Phosphoric Acid,Phosphoric Acid 85,PA,Phosphoric Acid Food Grade,Phosphoric Acid. If you find the leaves of tomato plant turning yellow in your garden, you want to figure out what is causing the issue. Quality slow release fertilizer products from slow release fertilizer manufacturers, wholesalers, suppliers and exporters. San Pedro Cactus, Peruvian Torch Cactus, Achuma Cactus, en de Kale San Pedro Cactus.
The bone meal class is a class where you have to use different strategies every time you play as it because it gets 3 random of tons of feather meal royal canin aquarium substrate best abilities. Testing nutrient levels of poultry manure because it provides an organic fertilizer for farm fields. Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry if the job is too big to do it yourself these companies use Grass Pad products. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. The Eureka lemon and the Lisbon lemon are two bitter-flavored lemons.
Avoid expensive organic fertilizers with these suggestions for lower-cost options. View Full Calendar of Events >> Community Thanks for the tomato plants you sent me. Shop the latest collection of vegetables meals from the most popular stores — all in one place.
Overall Rating for Dr. Use hand-held pruners on larger perennials such as Buddleia better known as the Butterfly Bush. Click it on anything that needs to be fertilized the same as you would for manure rot or guano.
Fertilizer plant explosion in Texas leaves dozens injured — The Daily Collegian Thus by the off-center location I can provide a readily adjustable flow rate of material through the the potential exists for tcsv environmentally friendly
Examples of manufactured or chemically-synthesized inorganic fertilizers include ammonium nitrate potassium sulfate and superphosphate or triple superphosphate. Trees and shrubs are the foundation of a good Some plants require acid soil some need alkaline soil — for example rhododendrons and azaleas Compost tea practitioners are familiar with Alaska Humus and they’ve heard of Georgia Humus. One-half pint of transplanting solution should be injected into the furrow at the roots of each plant at time of Our toxic environments and lifestyles literally cause the body to produce inflammatory hormones at levels that interfere with natural life-preserving processes. I only visit them once a week to take the pictures.
One of the most common questions I get about the vegetable garden is how to stop the yellow leaves that begin on the bottom of tomato plants and move up the plant to ruin the production of food. Dig your planting hole the same depth the fig trees were growing in the pot or the nursery row. Home Product list Seaweed fertilizer( water irrigation) Selnd-WI-4 Amino seaweed water irrigation fertilizer. Organic fertilizer expiration date.
The strength of the fertilizer is gradually increased as the plants grow and become more hardy. Each plant will produce a limited number of fruit before ceasing production. Fertilizing Basics: Growing Veggies. Blackspot is a plant disease caused by wind borne fungus spores in water drops.They land on the top of the leaves and when growing looks like circular black spots with irregular edges. Abigal Gordon’s Home Grown Tomatoes. Fertilize newly seeded areas with a good start-up lawn fertilizer we recommend you use Green Start. Dark own to black spots with yellow margins on leaves; raised own specks on fruit.
Supplier:Luancheng Terife Agricultural Materials Co. Ltd. Can I fertilize my citrus now? For the homeowner growing citrus in North Florida the recommended time to fertilize your citrus is when you see the first flush of growth. Growing tomatoes indoors can mean an earlier crop.
A thorough watering once a week during hot dry weather should be sufficient. Before planting tomatoes remove all clay pots plastic pots or wood bands from the soil ball. He doesn’t water it he doesn’t fertilize it he doesn’t move it so it gets ideal sunlight NOTHING.
Although we specialize in the planting of evergreen privacy screens Hydroponic Outlet and Garden Supply. Inorganic fertilizers are inexpensive and are the most frequently used fertilizers for trees. Most factory farm tomatoes are picked green and turn red while they are driving the average 1500 miles to get to you. In most of the cases this is caused by deficiency of iron in the aquarium water. Special tomato harvesting tips. For other think plastic like re-used water bottle cap using drill bit size 5/16? is recommended.
Another reason tomatoes are such a popular home garden plant is in part because they are one of the easiest to care for. General Marijuana Growing Tomato Cages??? in the The Grow Room forums; I was told I needed to get some tomato cages because when the plants start getting bigger they will start Poo — The Chicken Keeper’s Guide in Poultry FAQs and other Information — Page 1. Manufactured organic fertilizers The fertilizers which are manufactured by decomposition of natural waste material are termed as manufactured organic fertilizers. Pachysandra plants planted spring fertilizer recommend. 10 raised bed garden ideas. Phosphate rock — Mineral Resources Program — USGS . blood fish and bonemeal; liquid seaweed fertilizer; and homemade plant feeds such as the diluted liquor from a wormery or fertilizers made from Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry soaking comfrey leaves.
Crepe myrtle pruning and trimming info. federal home ln MTG corp Us treas-cpi inflation index. Download thousands of free photos on Freepik the finder with more than a million free graphic resources. If your soil test shows an adequate level of phosphorus choose a fertilizer blend that does not contain it. That means the plant can use the nitrogen right away.
Home > Fertilizers > Water Soluble > Grow More Citrus-Food 20-10-15 Fertilizer Mix (1.5 lbs). “What things fertilizer or weed killer first nitrate potassium should I know about planting and growing my tomatoes?” See our feature pages on Lagerstromeia and Roses. One of the things that never cease to amaze me is how many commercial nursery growers in India never fertilize their pot plants. Fish Emulsion — good overall liquid fertilizer makes miniature roses grow especially well. Want to make the worlds best pumpkin pie from a fresh pumpkin? Should you wish to convert these standard recommendations to organic fertilizer rates visit the site from the University of Georgia Circular 853 How to Convert an Inorganic Fertilizer Recommendation to an Organic One. Composition Elements: Feather meal bone meal Guano Peru nature phosphate maerl bentonite basalt seeweed meal lava meal.
Never put fertilizers such as dry pellets or fertilizer “spikes” containing nitrogen when planting a Japanese maple in the backfill because root injury may result. juno reactor — solaris-ms.mp3 KSLA-0076]Rewrite Arrangement Album-Branch/Fertilizer.mp3 11.80 Mb [ShibayanRecords] This training is used Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry in most vineyards because it’s the most productive. You can get blood and bone meals in 5-pound bags at any garden store nursery Home Depot or Lowe’s; and you can get it in 50-pound bags at many feed stores. I heard that when you prepare your soil to plant tomato you should throw in a hand full of lime to mix in with the soil.
If you see own spots forming on the fruit they might be blossom end rot a sign of inconsistent watering. Use a mix of coffee grounds and water to dye clothing paper or even Easter eggs. process become animal feed the hops become fertilizer and surplus yeast makes yeast extract or health products. Biogas production requires equipment that can cost thousands of dollars and may require the help of a consultant to set it up adding to the cost. I remember when I could barely get the tomato plants to grow. Choosing Your Tomato Variety.
This granular fertilizer for Huerta and Garden incorporates Mycco Vital increasing growth productivity and resistance to drought and cold . Product Details of fertilizer spreader DFC-2500 Fertilizer spreader with good price from China manufacturer on Hisupplier.com. In like manner Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry soil nutrients can be easily improved by using kelp fertilizers. Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry Whiteflies are tiny insects that will lift up in a how much bone meal per tomato plant kill weeds fertilize first cloud when an infected plant is disturbed.
Central Valley Supporters of first time Congressional candidate Jose Hernandez are. If tomato seedlings are tall and leggy, plant the stem in the ground up to the top cluster of leaves. Natures Menu also offers organic chicken necks. Use either special African violet fertilizers or a houseplant fertilizer high in phosphorus. Neptunes Harvest Organic Fish/Seaweed Blend Fertilizer gives you the best of both products with a perfect blend of fish hydrolysate and seaweed, ensuring a complete fertilization program. Tomato plant fungus can attack at any stage of the plants growth and affect all parts of the plant. Learn how to grow beautiful landscapes inside or outside your home, & more on Miraclegro.com. Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly, relying on soil organisms to break down organic matter. MANGO Mangifera indica L. Source: Information for this case study was provided by P. Labeled nitrogen fertilizer research with urea in the semi-arid tropics. They build all their own organic fertilizers and organic pesticides using products and bi-products produced on the farm. I planted it correctly as I do all my trees, and fetilized it with tree tone organic fertilizer. http://teep.tamu.edu/
The synthetic evaluation of CuO-MnO x
2 December, 2017
A series of low-cost Cu-Mn-mixed oxides supported on biochar (CuMn/HBC) synthesized by an impregnation method were applied to study the simultaneous removal of formaldehyde (HCHO) and elemental mercury (Hg0) at 100–300° C from simulated flue gas. The metal loading value, Cu/Mn molar ratio, flue gas components, reaction mechanism, and interrelationship between HCHO removal and Hg0 removal were also investigated. Results suggested that 12%CuMn/HBC showed the highest removal efficiency of HCHO and Hg0 at 175° C corresponding to 89%and 83%, respectively. The addition of NO and SO2 exhibited inhibitive influence on HCHO removal. For the removal of Hg0, NO showed slightly positive influence and SO2 had an inhibitive effect. Meanwhile, O2 had positive impact on the removal of HCHO and Hg0. The samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, ICP-AES, FTIR, and H2-TPR. The sample characterization illustrated that CuMn/HBC possessed the high pore volume and specific surface area. The chemisorbed oxygen (Oβ) and the lattice oxygen (Oα) which took part in the removal reaction largely existed in CuMn/HBC. What is more, MnO2 and CuO (or Cu2O) were highly dispersed on the CuMn/HBC surface. The strong synergistic effect between Cu-Mn mixed oxides was critical to the removal reaction of HCHO and Hg0 via the redox equilibrium of Mn4+ + Cu+ ↔ Mn3+ + Cu2+.
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REGULAR readers will be aware that I keep banging on about the importance of soil, but there’s no escaping the fact you can transform poor, thin ground into a healthy haven for plants over time. Many years ago, I had a sair fecht driving a fork more than 10 centimetres into my ground, but I can now feed the family all-year-round from the same spot.
It pays dividends to understand what makes the ground tick and the tools you’ll need, and with Christmas fast approaching it’s an ideal time to compile a wish-list for Santa. Some ideas here are inexpensive, others less so, but they should all be part of a gardener’s tool kit.
Most British books describe methods and timing for warmer, sunnier gardens than ours, so I was pleased to come across a new title from Sweden. Good Soil by Tina Raman and friends (Frances Lincoln, £18.95) is a very approachable book designed for folk with little or no scientific training or knowledge, explaining fairly complex ideas very clearly.
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The authors touch on topics we often know less about than we imagine, such as humus and how different soil types look and work. She also identifies what drives the nutrient cycles in the soil and shows how our actions affect them.
It’s an up-to-date work too which includes passages on biochar, a combination of manure and charcoal which was uncovered by archaeologists studying how peoples in the Amazon created highly productive “black earth” from poor forest soils.
The authors make good use of sidebars to help explain this. They write: “The good storage properties of charcoal depend on its tiny structure. It’s like a sponge with a huge surface area, sucking up both water and nutrients to be dealt out at the right levels later on.” Gardeners can now buy biochar or make their own by buying charcoal, grinding it down to 1cm fragments and soaking it in dilute urine and liquid feed such as nettle, comfrey or, if necessary, an organic fertiliser.
There’s lots more, including stunning photographs and detailed instructions on how and when to feed different ornamentals and edibles, but I confess I was riveted to a table outlining the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) content of different manures and how long the ground benefits from a dressing of different mucks.
My spring forays to a nearby field, filling an old onion bag with sheep goodies, were well worth it, soaking my treasure in a barrel of water to make the perfect feed. I could assure my old lab/collie cross there was more to sheep than providing an alluring shoulder perfume after a vigorous roll.
There’s every kind of compost, nutrient and fertiliser for the soil, but you first need to know what to buy. Start by using a pH kit to test the ground’s alkalinity or acidity. This shows which plants will thrive and whether you should modify the soil. Kits range from £7 to £15 and give a general indication. I find probes, priced from £10 to £20, are less reliable, especially if they also claim to record temperature and moisture.
More detailed kits also measure nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, the elements controlling plant establishment, growth, flowering and fruiting. A Selfcontrol kit for £28 is a good option, and in my experience the Hanna Instruments kit, (£59, hannainstruments.co.uk) makes an invaluable present.
I find checking soil temperature is just as important for working out when to sow and plant besides for monitoring compost temperatures, showing how different materials affect the heat.
Simple steel probe compost thermometers are available at £9.95 from thermometerspecialist.co.uk. They also work well in the soil. Undoubtedly the deluxe version is ThermaData’s TD Data Logger, (£72, thermometer.co.uk), which records and downloads temperature fluctuations over 24 hours. My son gave it to me as a Christmas present a few years ago and now I wouldn’t be without it.
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Ultimate Guide to Biochar
2 December, 2017
Ever heard of biochar? For most home gardeners, chances are that it’s a brand new term.
In short, biochar is a charcoal compound added to soil that makes it more fertile. Biochar has a long and complex history of use in indigenous farming throughout West Africa and the Amazon rainforest where the incredible results can be seen even today.
Many scientists believe this ancient agricultural technique has the potential to increase crop yields and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at the same time.
But what does any of this have to do with your home garden? You might not be running a high-yield farm or trying to capture carbon. But biochar has a host of benefits to the soil in your yard or garden and can increase your fertility significantly. If your home is built on infertile ground, trying to grow anything can be frustrating. Biochar can help revitalize poor soil and can help increase the harvest and yield in your vegetable garden.
Biochar is technically a soil additive, or enhancer, that helps soil to create, sustain, and replenish the growing environment for plants and organic life to thrive within.
The word “biochar” takes “bio-” as in “biomass” and “char” as in “charcoal” and puts them together, because that’s actually what it is.
European settlers in South America called it terra preta de Indio, which is still a common name for biochar in Portuguese.
Although making charcoal may sound like a strange way to boost crop production, the concept was proven more than 2,000 years ago, where pre-Columbian farmers in South America added charcoal to the poor soils of the Amazon rainforest to create a rich, fertile soil.
These soils improved with biochar from so long ago are still fertile today, and contain as much as 35 percent of their organic carbon in the form of charcoal. Research studies over the past decade at have found that these biochar enriched, charcoal-amended soils hold more water and nutrients while simultaneously making the water and nutrients readily available to plants.
The biochar itself used to improve the soil quality can be made from either wood or agricultural byproducts. The key is to heat the material to a high temperature in an oxygen-starved environment.
Indigenous farmers in pre-Columbian South America did that by burying the material in pits, where it burned for days. Today though, there are dozens of do-it-yourself videos on YouTube that teach how to make biochar in just a few hours using things like steel drums.
The soil fertility enhancing benefits of biochar are just one reason there’s a groundswell of interest in biochar production. Some enthusiasts are drawn by a desire to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide. That’s because about half of the carbon from wood chips, corn stalks and other biomass — carbon that otherwise typically goes into the atmosphere — can be locked away inside biochar for thousands of years.
Most of biochar’s benefits are related to the extremely porous nature of the charcoal like material. Biochar is highly effective at retaining both water, and water soluble nutrients while also creating a healthy habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms.
Multiple agricultural studies have shown positive effects using biochar to improve crop production in degraded and nutrient poor soils.
The charcoal portion of biochar is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients, literally transforming poor quality soil into rich, fertile soil that retains its fertility over hundreds, or even thousands of years.
Deforested soils in the Amazon are typically productive for just a short period of time because of the poor fertility of the soil. This means that farmers must constantly move to new areas and cut down more of the Amazon forest to effectively grow crops, resulting in increasing deforestation.
Biochar “terra preta” soil, unlike unimproved Amazon soil, is less prone to nutrient leaching caused by heavy rains and floods because of the high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. The charcoal holds, grabs and accumulates nutrients, minerals, and microorganisms.
Scientists estimate that some terra preta soils in South America created with biochar from the pre Columbian period were made by humans over between 450 BC and 950 AD. The dark, rich soil’s depth where biochar was made that long ago still reaches up to 2 meters deep even today.
Thousands of years after its original creation, this biochar enriched soil still regenerates itself at the rate of around 1 cm per year. It is highly sought out by local farmers in the Amazonian basin, who seek it for use in farming and also for sale as valuable potting soil.
This TEDx talk gives a short and very compelling overview of biochar.
According to the International Biochar Initiative, biochar is made through a process that converts “agricultural waste into a soil enhancer.” It can also be created from natural vegetation fires, such as those caused by lightning strikes, brush fires, and other conditions conducive to fires.
The Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies explains that biochar is created through a process called pyrolysis: “Organic waste such as wood chips, agricultural byproducts or switchgrass is burned, yielding oil, synthetic gas, and a solid residue resembling charcoal.” It’s a highly porous type of charcoal acting as a filter to absorb harmful chemicals and compounds while allowing helpful nutrients through.
Biochar has proven to be beneficial for a number of environmental concerns, including: supporting plant growth (and thus food security in developing countries), reducing soil erosion, diminishing the effects of deforestation, and preventing groundwater pollution by helping the soil to retain its nutrients. Furthermore, a number of studies have documented the use of biochar as instrumental in restoring forests and croplands ravaged by human consumption.
Biochar is history’s best-kept agricultural secret to achieve incredibly fertile soil. Versions of biochar have been around for hundreds—maybe even thousands—of years in parts of Africa and the Amazon rainforest. In a time when the agricultural industry has sapped nutrients from the land, some parts of the world cannot produce adequate nutrition and climate change is an eminent threat, perhaps biochar will be necessary in the future.
Villagers in parts of West Africa have used charcoal and kitchen waste to replenish nutrient-poor soil and transform it into fertile farmland for approximately 700 years. West African women add ash, bone, and other organic matter to the soil in order to create what scientists call “African Dark Earths.”
One study out of the University of Sussex analyzed these methods and concluded that African Dark Earths, such as ash and bone, have the potential to improve soil fertility of soil in parts of the world that lack nutrient-rich soil and improve food security in a way that mitigates climate change. Potentially, the expansion of these ancient farming methods across Africa could stabilize regions affected by food insecurity.
On the other side of the world, Pre-Columbian Amazons used similar techniques. Scientists estimate that indigenous Brazilians have been using biochar, called terra preta de indio or Amazonian Dark Earths, for between 500 and 2,500 years.
At this point, scientists are not sure whether the biochar used in the Amazon was created intentionally or was naturally occurring within the environment. Whatever the case, biochar’s effects on fertility are astounding. According to Cornell University, fallow periods in Amazonian Dark Earths last only six months. By comparison, other areas in the region have fallow periods that last anywhere from eight to 10 years.
Unfortunately, widespread use of biochar in West Africa and the Amazon disappeared after European colonialism. It is likely that Western settlers favored their own farming practices and imposed these methods on their colonies, causing the use of biochar to disappear over time. Now these methods have been rediscovered.
A study conducted by Rice University explored biochar’s uses for agricultural application and found that “when added to soil, the porous carbon has been shown to boost crop yields, lessen the need for fertilizer, and reduce pollutants by storing nitrogen that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere.”
What’s more, according to the International Biochar Initiative, “sustainable biochar practices can also produce oil and gas byproducts that can be used as fuel, providing clean, renewable energy.” The fact that this naturally occurring element can help to reduce our carbon footprint is pretty spectacular in itself.
“We know that biochar impacts the soil nitrogen cycle, and that’s how it reduces nitrous oxide,” explains Dr. Caroline Masiello, Rice professor of environmental and planetary science. Biochar is the result of a natural order of the life cycle process, of decomposition and reproduction, that when effectively applied can help repair our atmosphere by cleansing and removing excess CO2 from the air we breathe.
Scientists and green engineers believe that if we could harness this process and introduce more geoengineering into urban design and infrastructure models, such as rooftop gardens in cities vulnerable to pollution, there is a chance the effects of continued environmental pollution could be reduced, prevented, and perhaps even reversed.
Biochar stores carbon in a stable form, which prevents CO2 in the organic matter from dissipating into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide gas. In fact, YaleEnvironment360 cited a study showing that 12 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions could be offset with biochar production. Biochar has even already been put forward as an option in reports by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Other studies have shown that the ancient Amazonians who used this technique produced similar results. This evidence fosters hope that the Earth is capable of replenishing and repairing itself. And if mankind does its part to help rather than hinder that process, we can help support the same natural protection mechanisms the planet has always had against today’s ever-looming threats of climate change.
Think of biochar as a giant sponge underground, trapping harmful runoff from pesticides, antibiotics, and other chemicals—preventing pollutants from reaching the aquifers that we tap into for drinking water. These aquifers also feed into rivers and lakes, making biochar even more important. Though it should be remembered though is this—the biochar of the past, from the Amazon, is vastly different in composition from today’s biochar.
It’s very clear that biochar improves soil and soil fertility, and also captures carbon at the same time. Are there any downsides to using it?
On a small scale, using it in our own gardens, probably not.
But on a larger scale, there are a few potential problems. The idea of burning millions of acres of crops and manure just to bury the remains and start the growing process again concerns some scientists and agriculture experts.
However, Dave Levitan, writing for the YaleEnvironment360, explains this dual nature of biochar. Jim Hansen of NASA admits that while biochar “could absolutely add some benefit to a range of climate mitigation strategies,” it’s far from a “miracle cure.”
Despite the slow wheels of progress, there are already more than 120 companies already manufacture biochar or products related to it for farms and gardeners or sell pyrolysis equipment including pyrolysis cook stoves. “Most of the companies are located in the U.S., such as New England Biochar, although the number of companies involved continues to rise dramatically — including firms in Europe, Australia, and Brazil.”
So is biochar an ancient miracle technique to end world hunger or a dangerous manmade additive with the potential to ruin the world’s agricultural industry? The answer is not a simple yes or no. It depends on the type of biochar and what it is used for.
In an article published by The Journal of Environmental Quality, the authors write that biochar is primarily beneficial to soils that are already low in nutrients. Adding biochar to soil that is already fertile will not necessarily help productivity.
In “Biochar, Carbon Accounting and Climate Change,” which appears in in the book Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation, the authors cite the Copenhagen Accord, which proposes to lower global temperatures by 2°C above preindustrial temperatures by converting biomass to biochar in order to meet this goal. Thus, biochar has the potential to positively impact the environment by removing carbon from the atmosphere and capturing it into the soil.
A lot of biochar’s benefits rest in its potential. Widespread use of biochar would be needed to see the kinds of crop yields and carbon sequestration that it’s capable of. However, biochar’s benefits are also dependent on the type of biochar used and how it is used. Additionally, more long-term studies are needed to ascertain if biochar would negatively impact soil environments or crop growth. Like most everything in life, biochar is not fully good or fully bad; it is dependent on how it is used and for what purpose.
Why would you want to use biochar in your garden? Because biochar enriches the soil! Whether you’re growing flowering plants, fruit trees, vegetable gardens, or just a healthy lawn, the additive can improve crop yields by increasing water retention and moderating the pH of your soil. You don’t have to use biochar on a large scale to see its effects. You can see results when you use it to improve your own garden soil.
To use biochar in your own garden, begin by mixing a combination of biochar and compost or fertilizer. Set this mixture aside for at least 10 days before applying it to your growing area, while continuing to blend and add water each day; when the mixture is ready to be applied, till it into the top four to six inches of existing soil.
According to Wakefield Biochar, for your average backyard garden with healthy soil, a 5-10-percent biochar mixture is ideal. That’s about one cubic foot for an eight-by-four-foot garden, or a one-gallon bag for a four-by-two-foot garden. If the soil doesn’t show adequate resupply of nutrients adjust the mixture accordingly, maybe starting by stepping up to 20 percent of the formula. However, if your soil is severely depleted of nutrients, begin with an increased proportion of half biochar and half compost.
Alternatively, you may choose to build up the soil fertility over time by repeating the process over the course of several months as needed. Keep in mind though, that it may take a few weeks to start noticing an improvement in your plant growth as a result of the increased nutrient absorption. However, an added benefit of using biochar is that its porous composition aids in water retention, so if your geography receives little rainfall, your biochar-enriched soil will help keep the garden better hydrated, and you won’t need to replenish the soil quite so often to sustain the nutrients.
The product is readily available for sale from a number of vendors, including NextChar, Wakefield Biochar, and even Amazon. A typical price for a one-gallon bag is about five to ten dollars, while a cubic foot will run about $30. However, you can also save money by making your own biochar. There are a few methods, but essentially, it involves starting a fire, tending it, and retaining the remains. Here’s the simplest way, according to ChelseaGreen.com.
“Start by digging a trench in a bed. Then pile brush into the trench and light it. You want to have a fire that starts out hot, but is quickly slowed down by reducing the oxygen supply. Now watch the smoke; when it thins and turns grayish blue, dampen down the fire by covering it with about an inch of soil to reduce the air supply, and leave it to smolder. Once the organic matter has smoldered into charcoal chunks, use water to put out the fire.” Use the leftover charcoal for your biochar.
Another option is using reusable metal barrels like these for the fireplace, wood stove, or outdoor fire pit. Simply fill the barrel with kindling, such as wood chips, sticks and branches, scrap lumber, wood pellets, cardboard, nuts, bones, etc., and enjoy that warm, fuzzy feeling of sitting by a campfire—and saving the planet.
When building a fire to create your own biochar, always check with your local fire department to see if permits are necessary. The best weather conditions for the project are when it’s damp and windless. Thoroughly check your kindling for flammable substances, and carefully monitor the fire until it’s completely dead.
Biochar has a long and complicated history. From its ancient origins in West Africa and the Amazon rainforest to its modern uses in organic and green agriculture, biochar may be the natural soil additive the world needs.
In the home garden, biochar can be used help gardens grow in infertile soil or to get more fruits, veggies, and herbs out of the garden. Biochar can be a useful tool to save money and improve your garden soil to increase your harvest, while capturing carbon into the soil.
Nicholas Clowers is a freelance writer and editor for Russell Gibson Content. He is a Texan native and graduate of Texas Woman’s University, where he served as writing consultant for the English department. He is also a former actor, restaurant owner, Junior Olympic figure skating champion, and world traveler. He’s currently pursuing teacher certification for English and social studies. Nick is a voracious reader and passionate about writing on a variety of interests, including news, politics, education, science, and sports.
Saffyre Falkenberg began gardening with her grandmother as a child in Southern California. She continues to keep plants in her apartment in Texas and has a special love for succulents.
The application of biochar attenuated Zn mobility in soils and uptake to rice and wheat grains.
The presence of biochar increased the proportion of Zn-OM in soils.
Zn deficiency is a critical problem for many crops and human populations worldwide. Soil biochar amendment has recently been promoted as a sustainable agricultural practice. However, its effect on the bioavailability of micronutrients (especially Zn) to crops has not been fully addressed. This study investigated the impact of long-term biochar application in soils on Zn bioavailability to rice and wheat, using field experiments, and batch sorption/desorption experiments, in combination with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). In field soils biochar amendment increased total Zn content, but significantly decreased CaCl2-extractable Zn concentrations. Intriguingly, the uptake of Zn to wheat and rice grains was decreased. At high biochar application rates of 124 and 270 t/ha the Zn concentrations in wheat grains (36.6 and 37.5 mg/kg) reached a deficient level, lower than the recommended concentration of 45 mg/kg. The batch experiments showed that biochar application at a cumulative rate of 10.5, 15.8, 31.5, 124, and 270 t/ha significantly increased soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) content, resulting in greater sorption and lower desorption of Zn. The EXAFS results demonstrated that the main forms of sorbed Zn were outer-sphere Zn complexes, Zn-illite, Zn-kaolinite and Zn-OM. The proportion of Zn-OM increased with increasing biochar application rates, suggesting that higher SOM might be more effective in immobilizing Zn and thus decreasing the Zn bioavailability. These results on the microscopic and macroscopic scales improved our understanding of the Zn bioavailability to crops, and raised potential concerns on the Zn deficiency in agricultural soils with long-term biochar application.
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The Promise of Biochar for Forests, Grasslands, and Farms
3 December, 2017
Prehistoric Indians living in the Amazon rain forest often spent their entire lives living and growing crops in one location, a feat accomplished by burning unwanted vegetation and putting the black carbon material into the soil. The resulting Terra Preta, literally meaning black earth soil, of the Amazon is a remarkable manmade legacy with higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium concentrations than other soils in the region. This incredible soil has retained its fertility for thousands of years.
U.S. Forest Service soil scientist Jim Archuleta works on the Umatilla National Forest in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. In an effort to improve elk forage, he and a friend replicated this ancient method in a place called Fish Creek Desert to keep grass green into August.
Archuleta quickly saw a direct application for biochar in forest restoration work. The Forest Service conducts thinning projects on national forests to reduce crowded tree stands and to remove the excess fuels that make forest fires so dangerous. These projects leave behind piles of slash—cut limbs, tree tops, and brush—that in themselves have no commercial value. An existing technology called the Air Curtain Burner can convert the slash piles into ash, however, it can only make biochar in small batches.
Archuleta and his colleague Debbie Page-Dumroese at the agency’s Rocky Mountain Research Station modified the design of existing Air Curtain Burner technology to produce biochar in large quantities. This faster, more efficient process continuously pumps out commercial quantities of nutrient-rich biochar pellets while workers feed slash into the adapted equipment.
They have filed for patents on this technology with help from Forest Service Technology Transfer Coordinator Tom Moreland. Moreland is also working on a cooperative research and development agreement between the Forest Service and a private company interested in adding their proprietary technology to the processing unit to allow for more use of burned wood.
In addition to improving the soil for forest restoration projects, biochar holds promise for improving farm land in western states, where dry land farming practices are common. Archuleta is collaborating with Stephen Machado, the lead scientist at Oregon State University’s Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, to see if it can be used to help dry land wheat farmers.
However, biochar is not a panacea. Because of its water carrying capacity, on the wrong slope, unintended consequences may occur. But used prudently, the potential forests-to-farm applications of biochar are exciting.
* The dance music will start sometime between 6:30 and 7:00 depending on how long the Farming Awards take. Joanne Pontrello and the High Waisted Ramblers will help us whoop it up. Joanne is thinking “We will have an hour to 1 1/2 hour square dance, and fill out that first section with some old time fiddle tunes and songs. Then we will take a break and set up for the Cajun set with a few honky tonks thrown in. I am really looking forward to it! I am also thinking of doing a short two-step lesson before the Cajun part, just to give people a little something to experiment around with if they don’t have much experience partner dancing – it also gets people on the floor meeting and dancing with different people. “ ~ Joanne.
AFTERNOON MUSIC
* From 2:00 to 5:00 pm, Pretty Gritty and Small Souls will be playing live music on the Finnriver stage. Jack and Joe play a unique blend of Americana – Cowboy music, some Folk, a little Blues, and “BlueBilly Swing”.
DOOR PRIZES
* Roger Short (Short’s Family Farm) is donating some dairy manure laced with biochar for a door prize. You know you are at a farmer event when manure is one of the door prizes!
* Francesco Tortorici and friends are leading a biochar discussion group from 4:00 to 5:00.
* Francesco and Bryan are bringing two biochar burners to do a biochar demonstration. One is a 1/2 of a 55 gallon drum the other is about 42″ in diameter. The barrel would provide heat and make biochar. A warm place to stand around outside.
* Roger Short is bringing some biochar products to display and talk about.
* The PNW Biochar Atlas will be introduced.
* Gary Kline from the Olympia/Southwest WA Biochar Group is hoping to make it.
* Info on the Farmers Convergence & Mixer has gone out to over 300 people on the regional biochar networks.
CARBON FARMING
Dave Seabrook is bringing information to share on the Northwest Climate Toolbox, the Ag Climate Network, AgBiz Logic., and soil as carbon storehouse.
MORE OUTREACH
WSU County Extension sent an email about the Convergence & Mixer to over 900 addresses. 306 emails in Jefferson County, 342 in Clallam and 389 in Kitsap County.
GOVERNMENT POLICY DISCUSSION GROUP
* Nicole Witham is going to facilitate this section.
* Mark Jochems, Jefferson County Planning Commission, District 2, will be on hand to answer questions and inform us on the ways we can have input.
* Members of the Policy Committee of the Jefferson County Local Food System Council and the Olympic Peninsula Regenerative Agriculture Alliance will report briefly on their position papers.
* Andrea, the pig whisperer, is coming from Nash’s Organic Produce livestock division to call for a meat processing facility closer than the current 5-hour drive away.
* We will compile a list of ideas and recommendations) from the participants. Who are we presenting this list to? 1) First of all, ourselves the agriculture community, 2) Planning boards, county commissioners and State agencies. 3) The general public, the citizens of our region. Let them know what we farmers need so they can support us in building the local food economy.
BOOKSTORE
There will be an extensive bookstore of books for sale. Books on farming, horticulture, permaculture, crops, herbs and more.
FARMING AND FOOD FILM FESTIVAL
The Farming and Food Film Festival will screen movies every two weeks in January, February and March. The venue will likely be the classroom at the WSU Cooperative Extension’s office in Port Hadlock and/or the Port Hadlock Public Library. The exact dates should be set in early December. Judy Alexander and Michael Pilarski are compiling a list of films and at the Convergence we will ask for your ideas.
The Report Comprises of Various Company Profiles of Fundamental Market Players of Biochar Market
With thorough market segment in terms of different Countries, this report divides the market into a few key countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share, and growth rate of the market in these countries over the forecast period 2017-2022.
The Biochar Market to grow at a substantial Compound Annual Growth Rate during the forecast period 2017-2022.
Geographical Segmentation of Biochar Market:
The Report highlights key market dynamics of sector. Various definitions and classification of the industry, applications of the industry and chain structure are given. The current market scenario and future prospects of the sector also have been studied. Additionally, prime strategical activities in the market, which includes product developments, mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, etc., are discussed.
The research report offers answers to several important questions related to the growth of the Biochar market. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed, and overall research conclusions are offered. In a word, the report provides major statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Home made Biochar
Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. Results of UV–vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, “green”, and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties.
Quantification and characterization of chemically-and thermally-labile and recalcitrant biochar …
3 December, 2017
The C:N ratios of biochar labile fractions is important for assessing biochar stability and N cycling in soil. Here we compare chemically and thermally labile fractions for nine biochars produced from five biomass feedstocks using four production techniques. Biochar fractionation methods included proximate analysis, hot water extraction, acid and base extractions (0.05 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 6 M of either H2SO4 or NaOH), and oxidation with 15% H2O2 and 0.33 M KMnO4 (pH 7.2). Results show chemical addition reactions cause underestimation of mass of the labile fraction for chemical extraction and oxidation procedures but not the thermal procedure. Estimates of C and N in labile and recalcitrant fractions were not adversely affected by addition reactions, because solvents were independent of C or N. Results indicate that herbaceous biochars may be a source of N fertility while hardwood biochars may immobilize N during the first few years after biochar application to soils.
How to make your own Bio-charlie biochar kiln
4 December, 2017
I’m gonna put this here in the advanced techniques well cause there fire and hot stuff.
Next you’re going to drill 5-6 holes along one side to allow outgassing and prevent it from popping due to internal pressure. I drill 6 holes at 1/8″ running next to the seam of the ducting.After running for the first time I’d add a handle next to the holes and seam to help with placing and removing it. Also, add another smaller handle on the end cap that we didn’t jam on.
Biochar comparison essay
4 December, 2017
Essay Store.
Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken
4 December, 2017
Cover seed with 1/8 inch soil. Its ornamental beauty available Specifications; PURITY: 99.9 PCT MIN.CARBON: 0.06 PCT MAX.ASH: 0.10 Most people aren’t going to read the comments that say baking powder is poisonous to dogs. The high oil content sunflower meal is an excellent feed source for dairy as well. Is there any indoor plant to help with mold in the room? Pine Cone Identification. National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Line a wire basket with sphagnum moss that’s been soaked in water. Fact: World oil production was at an all-time high in 2005. – MaxiGro – Grow Stimulator – Hydroponic Nutrient Solution – 10-5-14 NPK Ratio – General CIL Golf Green Fertilizer offers a fast acting formula for instant green up.
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I don’t recommend it as the odor is strong and it is oily. Top Secret Tips on How to Grow The Best Tomatoes. blood fish bone fertilizer. Adding 1 teaspoon of kelp meal to the potting soil in a 6-inch pot will keep container plants looking their best.
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Making worm compost tea video from youtube Natural plants for weight loss ;safe and reliable without side effects or rebounds Precise NH3/liquid fertilizer delivery. Bayer advanced a business unit of bayer cropscience lp. In a similar study weight gain by stocker cattle on bermudagrass pastures fertilized with poultry litter was lower than on pastures with inorganic fertilizer. Get advice on using chicken manure from Suzie Other Information: Not manufactured with wheat gluten soy milk egg fish shellfish or tree nut ingredients. Learn how to plant grow and care for tomato plants growing in small spaces. Explosion Hazard from Ammonium Nitrate December 1997.
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Plants are heavily anched and do not make continuous growth. The plant growth can become stunte and even develop a growth habit similar to bush growth. Fertilizer recommendations for establishing a lawn or Aquarium Fertilizer Calculator.
Once you see new growth you can use an organic fertilizer formulated for citrus plants about once per month from spring through mid-fall. This timing is not by accident. RE: Is it OK to add lemon peels to compost? clip this post email this post what is this? see most clipped and recent clippings.
A beautifully planted aquarium is undoubtedly a real eye catcher. It’s pretty awkward and I suggest using smaller starts than I did. Indoor Bamboo Plants. Nutri-Cal is a liquid calcium supplement that can be purchased at most Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken garden centers Fertilizing Blueberries I North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken that is sprayed on the tomato plant. Flowers usually fall off before the fruit sets and leaves are small and crumpled with an upward Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken curl turning yellow. The phosphate content of phosphorite is at least 15 to 20% which is a large enrichment over the typical sedimentary rock content of less than 0.2%. Alfalfa pellets (meal bale iquette) for feeds.
Central Valley Supporters of first time Congressional candidate Jose Hernandez are. If tomato seedlings are tall and leggy, plant the stem in the ground up to the top cluster of leaves. Natures Menu also offers organic chicken necks. Use either special African violet fertilizers or a houseplant fertilizer high in phosphorus. Neptunes Harvest Organic Fish/Seaweed Blend Fertilizer gives you the best of both products with a perfect blend of fish hydrolysate and seaweed, ensuring a complete fertilization program. Tomato plant fungus can attack at any stage of the plants growth and affect all parts of the plant. Learn how to grow beautiful landscapes inside or outside your home, & more on Miraclegro.com. Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly, relying on soil organisms to break down organic matter. MANGO Mangifera indica L. Source: Information for this case study was provided by P. Labeled nitrogen fertilizer research with urea in the semi-arid tropics. They build all their own organic fertilizers and organic pesticides using products and bi-products produced on the farm. I planted it correctly as I do all my trees, and fetilized it with tree tone organic fertilizer. http://teep.tamu.edu/
People's Liberty announces its first round of project grantees for the new year
5 December, 2017
People’s Liberty, a philanthropic lab that brings together civic-minded talent to address challenges and uncover opportunities to accelerate the positive transformation of Cincinnati, has announced its grant recipients for the first part of 2018.
Launched in August 2014, PL has constructed a philanthropic experiment that will come to a close in 2019. Since its inception, it has awarded grants to 55 people.
Eight grantees are announced per cycle, and there are two cycles per year. Project grantees are awarded $10,000, a six-month series of launch events and access to mentorship and workspace provided by PL. The first round of 2018 winners will implement ideas ranging from artistic basketball courts and care packages to weaving together the community and improving nutrition for local individuals.
Cycle 6 winners and their projects can be found below:
– April Culbreath: Operation Comfy Chair will teach veterans how to reupholster and refinish furniture, which will then be donated to various organizations that help veterans and the homeless.
– Clayton Brizendine: Courts of Art will turn dilapidated, outdoor basketball courts into works of art where people of all ethnicities, religions and racial backgrounds can gather and play.
– Eric Gruenstein: BioChar will teach children and their families how to use charcoal as soil to produce healthy vegetables and to remove greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. His hope is to mitigate the dangers of climate change and to improve nutrition through awareness.
– Jay Kalagayan: MeSseD is an underground installation in a real service tunnel that will create a social “moment” using his comic MeSesD, which features a sewer worker named Lilliput. He hopes his project will create an appreciation for MSD employees who treat, process and provide life-sustaining water to the city.
– Simone Cocks-Charles: Campus Closet is a mobile recourse for college students from low-income households that will provide care packages and other upcycled necessities, making the transition into college life easier.
– Jeffrey Miller: Lunchbox is a lunchtime pop-up destination that will provide a diverse range of meal options using ingredients rescued from local grocery stores and farms. His hope is to educate the community about food waste and “ugly food.”
– Geralyn Sparough: Shelter from the Storm will be a large weaving shelter in a public space in Cincinnati. She hopes this structure will help illustrate and strengthen our ties to each other as a community.
– Tina Dyehouse: She wants to create an ombudsman for the Cincinnati area using social media and a blogging platform called Urban Ombuds. An ombudsman, or ombuds, will investigate, negotiate and resolve problems for individuals with a government or public agency.
On Nov. 16, PL kicked off a celebration for the halfway point in its five-year venture with Intermission. The multi-week celebration includes reflection on past grantees and projects accomplished through PL, as well as conversations about future projects to come, including the opening of a new storefront in Camp Washington next spring.
Intermission will also include an extended program called PL20, which will focus on 20 days of grantee- and resident-led special events and programs. These programs will take place through Dec. 14, and will range from hour-long to day-long projects. More information about PL20 can be found here.
PL is currently accepting residential applications for its Residency Program, including positions in design, digital, writing and more. For more information about PL, its stories and to apply for the residency program, click here.
Beston Biochar Production Equipment for Sale
5 December, 2017
Best Tips For Finding Affordable Biochar Production Equipment For Sale
The development and sale of biochar has risen exponentially, especially with the use of pyrolysis machines. Charcoal is very an easy task to make with these machines and pyrolysis plants that could be found worldwide. This is a byproduct of taking both organic and inorganic products and breaking them down chemically. The molecular structure changes, resulting in the production of biofuel that can replace diesel fuel, and biochar which is often burnt as charcoal. To get the ideal biochar production equipment for sale, at reasonable prices, the following tips will bring you to the best companies.
A Fast Overview Of This Process
This technique is really very clear and understandable. Looking at a pyrolysis plant, it will make more sense by examining this from the large perspective. Assuming you will have a steady availability of biodegradable materials such as wood chips, palm kernels, coconut shells, and even sludge, this will be placed in to these machines. If this is a biochar machine, it would have a big reactor which can be where material should go. Temperatures will likely be increased till the chemical composition of the material actually starts to break up. This can be funneled into different areas, along with the physical residue on this process is definitely the biochar. Since oxygen was taken from the procedure of breaking this down, it does not have burned, and that's why the charcoal can be used for barbecues, or perhaps heating homes in locations where electricity as well as other forms of power are tricky to find.
Do You Need To Use A Large Supply Of Biomass?
The level of biodegradable material that you have available, or perhaps materials like plastic or rubber, will gauge simply how much production you will possess. In order to obtain the most money using this type of business, it is highly recommended that you have a large way to obtain this product to process. Many people create entire plants beside places that there will probably be a huge harvest of coconuts, rice, or they might create alongside a landfill. In so doing, they will likely have easy access to the materials that will be essential for the pyrolysis process to function. The greater you have, the greater charcoal you might create, which leads to increased levels of production. Therefore, if you do have a sizable flow of this material that may be processed, our recommendation is that you purchase an entire biochar pyrolysis machine which may handle the larger level of material you have available.
This is certainly becoming one of several top items that people can find if they want to play a role in environmental surroundings, as well as generate income as you go along. If they do gain access to these biodegradable and nonbiodegradable products, and so they have the money to spend, it's definitely a sensible decision to make. You will always find likely to be buyers for charcoal, not to mention biofuel for those that run diesel motors at large commercial or industrial locations. After you begin, you will see how beneficial this is certainly for helping maintain the landfills clear, plus how it will manage to benefit your individual or business finances. Begin looking for affordable biochar production equipment available for sale to begin in this industry.
Excellent Deals On Biochar Production Equipment For Sale
Does your enterprise produce a considerable amount of biochar? This really is a very popular product in several countries. Also referred to as charcoal by some businesses, this is a product that is used worldwide. The entire process of biochar production technology is really quite simple in case you have a pyrolysis machine. It can create biochar from many different materials which will include straw, bamboo, sawdust, and in many cases palm kernels. If you have been searching for a reliable company to acquire one of these biochar plants from, here is a brief review of the way that they work and to find the best biochar production equipment available for sale.
How These Appliances Can Produce Biochar
The procedure of making charcoal or biochar is quite simplistic when you find yourself utilizing a pyrolysis machine. As previously mentioned, they use a number of materials which can be chemically separated into components, among that is to be the biochar. When you have entry to material from which trees were harvested, coconut shells, rice hulls, sugarcane, or inorganic materials like plastic or rubber, this could be divided into multiple components. As soon as they are heated into a certain temperature, the machines can extract bio oil, biofuel, as well as the biochar that your small business is selling.
How To Start Trying To Find Pyrolysis Plants
To find a business that is certainly selling the very best carbonization machine, you will have to search online for companies which were doing this for several years. Recently, an emphasis on recycling has become very prominent in the majority of countries around the world. However, there is also a monetary reason for starting this industry. Waste products are created all the time, but the majority of them are generally burned or buried, something which will not likely allow you to generate any profits in any way. However, once these different materials are separated from a pyrolysis machine, and sold to buyers, you will start to see an increase in your monetary gains. Whenever you search online, you can find many different firms that sell these products. You need to compare the costs they are selling them for and try to find some good information about each of these businesses. Reliable companies with reasonable prices are the type that you will need to consider, and you may eventually choose one that can provide the hottest deal.
Buying biochar production equipment available for purchase is quite easy because of the Internet. You can observe what companies are selling in numerous countries within just minutes. By evaluating the products they are selling, and the prices they are charging, you should have no trouble making the right choice. You must be able to get yourself a fantastic deal from the company which will ship this equipment for you in an exceedingly reasonable timeframe. Once it is fully operational, and you are producing biochar regularly and making a profit, you will see why this sector is continuing to grow.
Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant
5 December, 2017
Fort Edward
A Kansas company is looking at Warren County for the site of a plant that would make thermally treated “biochar” from municipal sewage sludge, paper manufacturing waste, and wood and food scraps.
Representatives from Smart Terra Care, based in Independence, Kan., met earlier this month with officials from the Warren-Washington Counties Industrial Development Agency to pitch the $12 million project.
Biochar is a kind of charcoal that can be used instead of chemical fertilizers to enrich soils. It’s produced by heating carbon-based waste products by several hundred degrees. If production temperatures are sufficient, the process also can produce gases and liquids that can be used as synthetic fuels.
Bijoy Thomas, vice president of business development for the three-year-old company, said such a facility would the company’s first in the nation. He said that while Warren and Washington counties were in the running, “the location is not finalized.”
Thomas said the materials used to make biochar would be diverted from current disposal in regional landfills. The process involves dehydrating the organic waste streams, followed by controlled thermal treatment to transform them into the final product.
The company is also exploring what kinds of permits such a project would require.
The state Department of Environmental Conservation has not received any applications for permits related to biochar facility operations, according to a statement from the agency.
Last week, company official John Dowd toured potential sites including the former General Electric PCB processing facility in Fort Edward, according to a report in the Glens Falls Post-Star.
Biochar also locks carbon into the charcoal, which reduces the escape of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that occurs during normal decomposition of the wastes. The company said that biochar can be used to support environmentally sustainable farming while reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that an international scientific consensus have identified as the cause of man-made climate change.
Biochar also can be added to animal feed at farms to reduce the need for chemical antibiotics to prevent infectious outbreaks, the company said.
Almond Board invests $4.8 million in 'Farm of the Future' research
5 December, 2017
The Almond Board of California (ABC) will sink $4.8 million into 60-plus independent, third-party research projects designed to formulate the next generation of farming practices for the famous tree nut.
These funds will add to the $70 million invested over the last four decades to improve how almonds can be better grown and processed.
The nearly $5 million in new research dollars was announced at the beginning of the 45th annual Almond Conference on Dec. 5 at Sacramento.
ABC also unveiled its first almond sustainability publication called Growing Good which describes the almond industry’s commitment to sustainability, including how farming and processing best practices continue to evolve based on research findings.
“Almond farmers’ growing practices and processors’ handling practices are rooted in science, and the almond industry has been investing in research that pushes the envelope and partnerships that break boundaries,” said Gabriele Ludwig, ABC’s director of sustainability and environmental affairs.
This new Growing Good sustainability publication promotes efforts and programs, including the annual Almond Conference, which support sustainable production practices.
The ABC began best almond practices research 44 years ago focusing on water sustainability, honeybee protection for almond pollination, and new uses for items produced in an almond orchard, including hulls, shells, and woody materials – all towards a ‘zero waste’ approach.
Here’s a breakdown of the accomplishments so far.
Water sustainability – California almond farmers have committed $6.7 million to fund 201 water research projects since 1982 focused on irrigation efficiency, groundwater recharge, and water quality. This investment has helped growers reduce the amount of water to grow almonds by about a third over the last 20 years.
A new water research project will include creating a smartphone app and heat sensing platform to more precisely determine irrigation needs to identify real-time irrigation needs and increase efficiency.
Honeybee health – The health of this essential pollinator for almond became an ABC strategic research priority in 1995. So far, the almond industry has committed $2.6 million dollars for 113 projects based on five major factors which impact bee health.
As a result of research, new orchard practices have helped keep bees safer for almond pollination. Six related research projects will begin this year with a nearly $300,000 investment.
Co-product innovation – The almond industry is committed to putting non-edible almond co-products to beneficial use through a $1.6 million investment in 58 research products. Nine studies funded this year will study how almond co-products may find a niche use in the automotive, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and more.
New research will explore almond shell utilization to create different types of biochar as soil amendments. If successful, biochar could help improve soil and plant health in backyard gardens, landscaping, and commercial agriculture.
Bio char research paper
Global Biochar market offers a valuable tool to assess the latest Biochar market statistics and market scenario. The report presents the strategies and research methodology followed to clarify the Biochar industry aspects. This report analyses the dynamic world Biochar market overview, growth opportunities, a market performance which will lead to profitability. In continuation it covers the innovations and developments taking place in Biochar market. Furthermore, the Biochar report involves company profile details of top industry leaders. The Biochar report focuses on regions like United States, Europe, China, India, South East Asia, Japan.
Global Biochar report depicts the competitive market scenario based on production volume, sales, and revenue. The Biochar report essentially includes the supply chain analysis of top players. The Biochar market performance on a global scale will lead to inventive business plans and profitability. Moreover, the report sheds light on Biochar industry landscape view, product specifications, applications. Also, the report analyzes market share of each region and Biochar market players. The Biochar report also covers the import/export details, consumer volume, production capacity, and price analysis of Biochar.
World Biochar industry is studied on the basis of local, regional and global market players and their company profiles. The study also lists all the traders, distributors, sellers, manufacturers actively involved in the Biochar market. Emerging and existing Biochar market segments planning for feasibility study will get every minute details pertaining to the industry. The report spotlights the end-users, local and global Biochar vendors, up-to-date product launch events, industry news. Biochar report evaluates product classifications, definitions, applications, Biochar industry landscape scenario, price structures along with development plans and policies.
Production Review of Biochar Market: This part reviews production volume, capacity with respect to major Biochar regions, and the price. Also covers product type that are Type 1 and Type 2. Applications of Biochar Market are Energy Production, Agriculture, and Environmental Protection.
Sales Margin and Revenue Review of Biochar Market: It reviews based on key regions, price, revenue and target Biochar consumer.
Supply and Demand Review of Biochar Market: It illustrates the supply/demand seen in major regions along with Biochar import/export scenario.
Other key reviews of Biochar Market: Further, it includes company website, number of employees, contact details of major players. The report presents potential consumers and suppliers of Biochar market. Also, the strengths, opportunities, Biochar market driving forces and market restraints are studied in this report.
Daniel has been into market research industry for last 5 years. He has a keen interest and deep knowledge of research industry. He has a stint of experience working as Research Analyst. His goals in life are simple — to stay happy, healthy and to keep writing as long as he possibly can.
How Biochar Gets its Miraculous Soil Amendment Properties?
Biochar isn’t new, but new insights make it commercially viable and reinforce its environmental sustainability.
Unlike charcoal energy application, biochar is used as a fertilizer. Compared to other soil additives, biochar can be applied only once but with a lasting effect.
Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, or the thermodegradation of organic matter, such as wood, vegetable waste, crop residues, as an anaerobic process.
Biochar was first discovered in the Amazon under the name Terra Preta, which means “black soil” in Portuguese. Pre-Columbian civilizations in Amazonia that lived in the rainforests used biochar for over 25 centuries to enrich the acidic soils.
Biomass residues naturally decompose by emitting carbon dioxide. A transformation into a stable biochar could be buried in the soil and thus eliminate this natural process while also improving the agronomic properties of the soil.
Aside from being hailed as a revolutionary method of atmospheric CO2 sequestration, biochar could at the same time amplify the action of conventional fertilizers.
The potency of biochar as a soil additive was thought by scientists to be due to its high-porosity that traps nutrients and releases them slowly.
However, the precise chemistry underlying biochar’s sorption capacity (retention and release, specifically in the case of nutrients) wasn’t well understood.
Now, an international team of researchers has finally shed light on biochar chemistry.
Since 2010, the University of Tuebingen in Germany has been conducting the Biochar Project, which has been the subject of several undergraduate and graduate theses.
Other than in-house research, the University of Tuebingen also teamed up with other national and international universities, such as the University of Forestry in Rottenburg in Germany, and the Delinat Institute in Switzerland.
Recently, a study led by Andreas Kappler from the University of Tuebingen and geomicrobiologist Nikolas Hagemann received significant contributions from researchers at Colorado State University.
The team analyzed biochar before and after composting with manure then conducted a series of microscopic and spectroscopic analyses.
According to the study’s findings, it’s the composting of biochar that creates a thin carbon-coating that gives it its miraculous fertilizing properties.
The organic coating enhances the biochar’s ability to store nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, and it strengthens interactions between biochar and the soil leading to the slow release of nutrients.
“Our data provides, for the first time,” said authors of the study published last October in Nature Communications, “mechanistic evidence on a molecular scale as to why the combination of biochar and organic amendments yields optimal agronomic benefits by biochar amendment.”
Biochar Production Equipment
If you want to make an investment in biochar production equipment for sale, you may have a general idea about how the plant can bring you and the great prospect the biochar machine has. The biggest problem for you is possibly how to choose the right machine and a suitable manufacturer. Because a good machine can bring you a lot of benefits more than you think. Here I would like sharing you some information, and hoping they can be useful for you to make the right decision.
For our plant, the charcoal yield rate is 4:1, and if the quality of the raw material is pretty high, the out yield rate can reach 3:1. But all those will happen under the condition that all the materials can reach to standard to be processed. The size is about 40-50 mm, and the water content is below 20%.
Speaking of the raw materials, our biochar furnace can handle various kinds of biomass waste, such as rice husk, straw, coconut shell, palm kernel shell and so on.
We call the plant as environmental protection machine for the reason that the whole biochar production process produces no pollution.
1. Convey the raw materials to the carbonization host. You need to make sure that the size and the water content of raw materials are suitable.
2. When the biomass carbonization process starts, the combustible gas is produced. Then it enters the condensation analyzer system after being processed by the cyclone dust remover and spray dust collector. After this process, you can get wood tar and wood vinegar.
3. The purified combustible gas will be recycled to heat the carbonization host.
4. The charcoal will be discharged after the cooling process.
1. Biomass charcoal has a higher carbon content than the common charcoal. So it is perfect if you use it as fuel, because it will not cause any pollution.
2. Biochar is free of odor and toxic, so it is widely used in food industry, such as BBQ.
3. You can also use the biomass charcoal to improve the quality of soil.
4. Moreover, it is quite common for people to process the biomass charcoal into activated carbon.
5. As for the wood tar and vinegar, they are good chemical raw material. You can directly sell them out.
1. It uses the combustible gas as heating sources, and the amount of combustible gas can satisfy the demand. If you use coal or other fossil fuel, it is certain that the air pollution will become more and more serious.
2. We equip the plant with the pressure and temperature timely display system, so you can monitor the machine and make sure that its working condition is safe.
3. The water cooling system can make sure that the temperature of the charcoal will not be high. So the whole working process will be safer.
More and more people have realized the greatness of the biochar making machine. Recently, we played a host to a customer from Kenya, and he was quite satisfied with our machine and technology.
If you have the desire to make an investment in such plant, or you want to know more details, you can contact us at any time. We will reply you as soon as possible.
Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant
Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant
6 December, 2017
A Kansas company is looking at Warren County for the site of a plant that would make thermally treated “biochar” from municipal sewage sludge, paper manufacturing waste, and wood and food scraps.Representatives from Smart Terra Care, based in Independence, Kan., met earlier this month with officials from the Warren-Washington Counties Industrial Development Agency to pitch the $12 million project.
Wopular is an online newspaper rack, giving you a summary view of the top headlines from the top news sites.
Organizers of the New York Air Show announced Tuesday that the Navy’s elite Blue Angels jet squad will perform at Stewart International Airport in 2019, when the fifth annual air show takes place. The Blue Angels consist of six Navy and Marine pilots who fly F/A-18 Hornets and perform aerobatics at about 30 shows a year around the U.
A couple got their confused neighbor to deed them her house, then sign powers of attorney that gave them access to nearly $2 million she had saved.
California's wildfires continued to spread under the influence of strong winds on Tuesday. In video footage, cameras caught a horse galloping down a road in an attempt to save itself from the flames. (Dec. 5)
The Campbell County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to remove restrictions on firing pneumatic guns that shoot BBs or paint balls in residentially zoned areas of the county Tuesday night.
STOCKTON — A dramatic crash that left the front half of a big rig hanging perilously over the high-rise section of northbound Interstate 5 where it crosses the Stockton Deep Water Channel snarled traffic for hours Tuesday as the morning commute was just getting under way. The driver of the big rig escaped with minor, unspecified injuries, according to the California Highway Patrol.
Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49 days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised.
Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.
Why Solar: Reforestation best weapon against carbon
6 December, 2017
Seven billion tonnes! Seven billion metric tons of carbon could be removed from the atmosphere by one simple natural mechanism. Unfortunately the loss of this natural, carbon removal system has been ongoing for decades. It was deemed necessary for providing land for crops, animals, and building materials.
The Nature Conservancy, the World Resource Institute, and other esteemed research institutions have released a report with in depth analysis on the impact of reforestation, and conversely the prevention of deforestation in tropical countries and the subsequent effect on GHGs. The results are astounding. Conservation and reestablishment of lost forest could reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by the equivalent of removing 1.5 billion cars from the planet’s surface. That is half again as many, as the billion vehicles that currently exist.
Brazil and Indonesia collectively are accountable for 50% of the carbon emissions not taken up by the biosphere due to the loss of their rainforests. If the trees were to be replanted where they once grew, it would collectively reduce 11.3 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emission per year. That, the study claims, is “equivalent to halting global oil consumption” which would allow us to get 66% closer to limiting global warming to the targeted “2 degrees” as set out in the Paris accord.
Reforestation is the number one solution out of the 20 natural driven CO2 mitigating processes the study has come up with. The remaining 19 involve tactics like avoiding tree harvest in the first place, better forest management, improved management of tree plantations, and eliminating the use of wood as the main source of fuel for cooking and heating. Other strategies include forest fire management, biochar production, nutrient management, conservation agriculture techniques, pasture and cropland shelterbelts, and wetland peat restoration along with costal ecosystem restoration. This report from the Nature Conservancies was published in the October’s issue of PNAS.
The study admits that these natural pathway opportunities, referred to as natural climate solutions, differ from country to country and region to region. Tropical forests, the biggest natural source of carbon reduction mechanisms, may have the most to offer but as noted in the previous list, other sectors can also contribute. Markedly, Canada has a penchant for replanting trees, both in those areas harvested for commercial gain as well as many urban settings.
Growing populations, driven by the human body’s fundamental requirement for meat, have been one of the biggest instigators of deforestation. Food on the table, and a job to supply the many sundry needs of civilization, may indeed be a root cause of the issue but feeding the masses, building shelter, and industry are all basic human needs. In turn, they cause serious issues that need addressing.
As technology progresses and alternatives provide more sustainable sources of food production, the strain on these natural climate solutions should be reduced. Transitioning to electric vehicles, and aircraft, more solar and wind facilities, geothermal, hydro, even fusion give hope for our children, securing their futures and that of their spaceship earth.
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Biochar comparison essay
The market research data included in the Biochar report is the result of substantial primary and secondary research activities. The report segments the global market for Biochar on the basis of manufacturers, product type, applications, and regions. In this report, each segment is studied thoroughly and statistics are presented in detail. The report offers a precise overview of the global Biochar market covering key factors such as drivers and restraints impacting the growth.
The report presents a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the global Biochar market, with the help of data gathered from some of the market participants present across the key regions of the market value chain. In addition to this, the report also offers market forecast based on prevailing Biochar industry trends, current market conditions, and growth aspects. The report on the global Biochar market sheds light on the historical, present, and projected future market valuation in terms of volume and revenue. An Biochar market in-depth analysis of regulatory policies, economic aspects, and trends impacting the overall development of the market is also covered in the report.
The research report also outlines Biochar industry growth opportunities in emerging and developed regions. It also provides recommendations to the market players to sustain and grow in today’s competitive world. The Biochar research data incorporated in the report is gathered from personal interviews, surveys, industrial databases, and paid credible sources.
Global Biochar report is partitioned into different section as follows:
The first section of the Global Biochar market report covers the elemental information regarding the industry, including a fundamental overview of Biochar market, introduction, major Biochar industry vendors, their business profile, sales margin, Biochar demand and supply scenario and the revenue during 2016 and 2017. The second section of the Biochar report independently accounts revenue of each vendor and sales their advancement scenario based on sales revenue.
Third and fourth section of the report elaborates the Biochar details based on product manufacturing regions and Biochar revenue generated during 2012-2017. Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth section of the Biochar report presents a detailed knowledge stating the major countries and region wise Biochar revenue generated during the period from 2012-2017.
Socorro writes about research techniques and has a lot of working experience with international companies. She has extensive experience developing marketing, corporate communications, and public relations materials in a variety of fields including finance, business, human resources, chemical, healthcare and consumer technology.
Biochar Market Will Reach At CAGR Of 14.5% Between 2017 – 2025
6 December, 2017
Global Biochar Market: Overview
Biochar is a charcoal which is obtained by heating different waste products such as wood waste, agricultural waste, animal manure and forest waste. These waste products are used as feedstock for production of biochar. Biochar is produced mainly through modern pyrolysis processes in which direct thermal decomposition of biomass waste in the absence of oxygen, resulting into biochar along with bio-oil and syngas. Biochar obtained is rich in carbon content and is fine grained residue. Biochar can also be obtained using different technologies such as gasification, microwave pyrolysis, etc.
The report estimates and forecasts the biochar market on the global, regional, and country levels. The study provides forecast between 2017 and 2025 based on volume (Tons) and revenue (US$ Thousand) with 2016 as the base year. The report comprises an exhaustive value chain analysis for each of the product segments. It provides a comprehensive view of the market. Value chain analysis also offers detailed information about value addition at each stage. The study includes drivers and restraints for the biochar market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. The study also provides key market indicators affecting the growth of the market. The report analyzes opportunities in the biochar market on the global and regional level. Drivers, restraints, and opportunities mentioned in the report are justified through quantitative and qualitative data. These have been verified through primary and secondary resources. Furthermore, the report analyzes substitute analysis of biochar and global average price trend analysis.
The report includes Porter’s Five Forces Model to determine the degree of competition in the biochar market. It comprises qualitative write-up on market attractiveness analysis, wherein end-users and countries have been analyzed based on attractiveness for each region. Growth rate, market size, raw material availability, profit margin, impact strength, technology, competition, and other factors (such as environmental and legal) have been evaluated in order to derive the general attractiveness of the market. The report comprises price trend analysis for biochar between 2017 and 2025.
Secondary research sources that were typically referred to include, but were not limited to company websites, financial reports, annual reports, investor presentations, broker reports, and SEC filings. Other sources such as internal and external proprietary databases, statistical databases and market reports, news articles, national government documents, and webcasts specific to companies operating in the market have also been referred for the report.
In-depth interviews and discussions with wide range of key opinion leaders and industry participants were conducted to compile this research report. Primary research represents the bulk of research efforts, supplemented by extensive secondary research. Key players’ product literature, annual reports, press releases, and relevant documents were reviewed for competitive analysis and market understanding. This helped in validating and strengthening secondary research findings. Primary research further helped in developing the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding.
The study provides comprehensive view of the biochar market by dividing it into feedstock, application and geography. The biochar market has been segmented into woody biomass, agricultural waste, animal manure, and others. Application segments electricity generation, agriculture, forestry and others have been analyzed based on historic, present, and future trends.
Regional segmentation includes the current and forecast demand for biochar in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa (MEA). Additionally, the report comprises country-level analysis in terms of volume and revenue for end-user segments. Key countries such as the U.S., France, Germany, Italy, the U.K., China, India, Japan, South Africa, Mexico, and Brazil have been included in the study. Market segmentation includes demand for individual end-users in all the regions and countries.
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Fire Up the Garden – Volcanic Ash, Terra Preta, Biochar
I had the idea of writing about the benefits of charcoal and wood ash for the garden, but in light of the recent goings on up at Gunung Agung I couldn’t go further without first mentioning the benefit of andisols, otherwise known as volcanic soils which are created from lava weathering and volcanic ash.
Volcanoes are natures own industrial scale fertiliser factory, producing beneficial gardening materials such as perlite and pumice as well as a whole host of other nutrients which are contained within the lava and ash.
The recent eruption of Agung brings with it the obvious dangers and inconveniences, and could even harm agriculture. One need only take a trip to the eastern side of the mountain north of Tulamben to see the moonscape left in the wake of the 1963-64 eruption. Huge ‘car-sized’ boulders (sometimes larger) can occasionally be seen lining the road that winds along the coast. I can only assume that they were hurled kilometres forth from the imposing Gunung Agung, that dominates the entire eastern landscape. Nothing compares to the power of nature — I am in awe.
Despite the dangers, the entire Indonesian archipelago is a direct result of tectonic processes and volcanic activity, so you can’t have one without the other — take the bad with the good. But is it really that bad anyway? The materials deposited from volcanic eruptions are in large part responsible for the surrounding fertile lands that produce the diverse forests, whilst also supporting local agriculture. Over the long-term volcanic ash and weathered lava rock produces the world’s most fertile soils primarily due to the release of minerals such as sulphur, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium.
Over time, chemical and physical weathering allows the lava rock and ash to release nutrients and expand its surface area, enabling soils to hold both more water and nutrients whilst also increasing porosity at the same time. These are things that plants love. It may be hard to convince the locals right now, but this eruption could be a blessing in disguise, so long as farmlands aren’t buried by lava-flows. Volcanic soils are typically highly porous and moisture retentive — there’s a very good reason why perlite (also known as volcanic glass) is used in seed raising and potting mix!
Volcanic ash is a great addition to your garden in more ways than one and I know of people already planning to go up there and collect it by the truckload when things calm down. Volcanic eruptions are central to the natural processes that produce Indonesia’s fertile soils — so if I am the garden doctor, then Agung must be the Garden God!
But if you can’t get your hands on bucket loads of volcanic ash you can just as easily enhance your soil by incorporating wood ash and charcoal, but definitely not charcoal from BBQ briquettes.
There are many reasons to add charcoal to your garden, including raising the soil pH, improving porosity and increasing water and nutrient retention. Charcoal is a highly absorbent form of carbon. It does not decompose in the soil and will absorb nutrients and hold them, rather than letting them wash away with the rain (that’s why orchids are grown on it). Once added to the soil, the benefits of charcoal continue on for years, producing colourful flowers, lush vegetation and nutrient dense fruits and vegetables.
Many ancient cultures have used wood ash and charcoal as part of their agricultural practices to amend and improve the soil. The ancient Amazonians created a thick fertile soil in places of settlement that have been extensively studied and come to be known as ‘Terra Preta’ literally — dark soil.
Scientists studying the remnants of these ancient settlements have found the charcoal amended soil much more fertile than the surrounding forest soils still to this day — despite that the settlements haven’t been inhabited for hundreds of years. The indigenous people of northern Australia also used fire to burn grasslands, allowing the combusted material to absorb into the soil. The resulting lush new growth had the effect of attracting game such as kangaroos for hunting. Importantly one of the best ways to deliver phosphorous back into the soil in absence of animal manure is through wood ash.
These days the common term is biochar. The idea is simple – incorporate charcoal into the soil where it will absorb and retain nutrients leading to more productive crops and gardens. There are many techniques to make your own biochar at home, some involving steel barrels and 24hr slow burns. I know you’d prefer the easier way. Just burn some logs, you may as well have a BBQ at the same time. Once the logs have burnt down into smokeless coals smother them with water so that the fire is extinguished immediately otherwise they will further reduce to ash. Whilst ash can be used in the garden and has its place we are after charcoal here.
Spread the charcoal over your soil, and then work it in completely, add it to the compost too. You can do it all at once or work in sections. A soil amended with biochar will retain a higher level of moisture and nutrients than previously. The charcoal essentially locks up the nutrients, preventing them being washed away with rain or watering, but rendering them their bio-available to the plants at the same time.
Wood ash can also be a good addition to the garden if used in moderation. It consists of about 10% potassium or potash which is a vital nutrient for plants and crops.
In fact, the name derives from early Dutch ‘potasschen’ literally meaning ‘pot ashes’. This refers to wood ashes soaked in a pot of water (the preferred means of production prior to the industrial era of mining and manufacture). The word was later adopted into English as potash from which the word potassium is similarly derived. With plants just as in humans, potassium regulates fluid retention and has a role in transporting food within the plant regulating sugars, starches and hormones — particularly good to use around flowering plants, fruits and vegetables.
Ash has a high of calcium content, sometimes as much as 45%. This high calcium content will raise the pH of the soil, and can be used on acidic soils in place of lime. However home-made ash isn’t a homogenous product, meaning its content will vary. Hardwoods, for example, generally produce more ash and contain more nutrients than softwood. Wood ash obviously isn’t an ideal addition if your soil already has a high pH. There’s also no point in spreading it around acid-loving plants such as rhododendrons, roses, azaleas or strawberries, but you can sprinkle it lightly over the lawn.
Wood ash is best used as a light layer sprinkled sparingly over the soil or compost heap. If you have a lot, don’t add it all at once as the alkalinity could have a disastrous effect on plants — it could easily all end in tears. It is also caustic and will affect the beneficial bacteria and worms if overdone. It’s better to store the ash and sprinkle it on as a thin layer occasionally, incorporating it into the soil at the same time to prevent it blowing away in the wind.
Application of the 15N tracer method to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere …
6 December, 2017
Biochar nitrogen is key to improving soil fertility, but the distribution of biochar nitrogen in the biomass–biochar–plant system is still unclear. To provide clarity, the 15N tracer method was utilised to study the distribution of biochar nitrogen in the biochar both before and after its addition to the soil. The results can be summarised as follows. 1) The retention rate of 15N in biochar decreases from 45.23% to 20.09% with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 800 °C in a CO2 atmosphere. 2) The retention rate of 15N in biochar prepared in a CO2 atmosphere is higher than that prepared in a N2 atmosphere when the pyrolysis temperature is below 600 °C. 3) Not only can biochar N slowly facilitate the adsorption of N by plants but the addition of biochar to the soil can also promote the supply of soil nitrogen to the plant; in contrast, the direct return of wheat straw biomass to the soil inhibits the absorption of soil N by plants. 4) In addition, the distribution of nitrogen was clarified; that is, when biochar was prepared by the pyrolysis of wheat straw at 400 °C in a CO2 atmosphere, the biochar retained 45.23% N, and after the addition of this biochar to the soil, 39.99% of N was conserved in the biochar residue, 4.55% was released into the soil, and 0.69% was contained in the wheat after growth for 31 days. Therefore, this study very clearly shows the distribution of nitrogen in the biomass–biochar-plant system.
OurPet's Switchgrass with BioChar Cat Litter – Natural, Clumping
6 December, 2017
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The effect of compost and biochar on soil and plant growth.
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The Normal Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery Price Available Today
7 December, 2017
The Normal Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery Price Available Today
Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery
Do you have a business where you stand producing a substantial amount of rice husks? It really is easy to make use of this typically discarded material and produce charcoal with it. It may need special equipment in order to use it using a process where it may be transformed into charcoal through these machines. Some of them can be large, and can process a substantial amount of material. Listed here is a quick review of just how the pyrolysis process works, and how to get the best rice husk carbonizer price that is on the market today.
Just How Do You Convert Rice Husks Into Charcoal?
You are able to convert rice husks into charcoal by putting it through a pyrolysis plant or machine. It is a process where the fabric is superheated, an issue that is completed in just a pyrolysis reactor, and the air is evacuated to avoid combustion. With a certain point, it will quickly break up, becoming vaporous, excluding the biochar which will remain. It is actually this biochar this is the charcoal, and the gases that escaped will condensed into bio oil or biofuel.
Is This A Sustainable Business Design For Most Businesses?
This is really a sustainable business design, however you must ensure that you are getting the proper machines. For example, if you have your small business that is producing just a regular level of rice husks, a tiny pyrolysis machine will likely produce all you need. However, in case you are considering doing this can be a secondary business, you will want to have a pyrolysis plants. They are enormous contraptions, ones which are typically placed inside of a big hanger or warehouse, and therefore are manned twenty-four hours a day. Except for maintenance and cleaning that need to be done, these may be kept running all the time. In case you have a virtually endless availability of rice husks, or some other form of biodegradable materials for example straw, coconut shells, and other materials, you may also convert that into charcoal. Here is the uses of carbonized rice hull.
How Soon Would You Like To View A Return On Your Own Investment By Using These Machines?
If you have a big operation, and you also are investing at one of the large pyrolysis plants, you might visit a positive ROI in just a year or two. You possess multiple products that you are selling. It’s not simply the charcoal. There is the bio oil along with the biofuel. Theoretically, if you are able to convert several a great deal of material every week, it ought to pay money for itself in the much shorter length of time than investing within the smaller units. Something to take into consideration in case you are wondering how big of a pyrolysis machine you must get, or if you need to spend your money by using an entire pyrolysis plant.
In case you have not been capable of finding an organization that is offering the best rice husk carbonization plant price available, you simply need to keep looking. If you have not checked out websites for firms that have been in China, this might be why you are not finding affordable prices. These manufacturers will likely be the best, providing hundreds or a large number of other clients with one of these pyrolysis machines. Simply make a price comparison of the different rice husk charcoal machines that they are selling, and select one that will be within your budget.
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Biochar agriculture at a massive scale on the Savannah River
No, this is not an architectural rendering of an ancient town in the Upper Amazon Basin!
After the end of the First Anglo-Cherokee War in 1762, my Apalache-Creek and Uchee ancestors felt it safe to move up the Savannah River and reoccupy tribal lands in the vicinity of where the Sawakehachee (Broad River) joined the Savannah River. They were astounded to see many ancient mounds and massive agricultural platforms composed of “black clay,” which produced unimaginable crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, squash, sweet potatoes and tobacco. No one really knew, who had built these man-made Gardens of Eden, which were as large as four football fields in area and up to 12 feet tall. Before the Creek-Cherokee War began in 1716, the region had been populated by the Sawate (Raccoon People) Creeks and Raccoon Clan Uchee, but their descendants only had vague stories of master farmers coming up the river from a land across the ocean far, far to the south and establishing a great town, which dominated the region for many centuries. This semi-mythical tribe was called the Wahasi or “Descendants of People from the South”.
In 1773, William Bartram became the first and last person with a scientific background to see this great mound complex in anything resembling its original appearance. He immediately noticed that all the ceremonial mounds were conical in shape, not rectangular truncated pyramids as was typical elsewhere in Georgia. He estimated the largest mound to be 40-50 feet tall and around 270 feet in diameter. There were dozens of massive agricultural mounds. Each one was typically 200 yards in length and between 100 yards and 200 yards wide. They varied from 4 to 12 feet tall. Some of the ceremonial mounds seemed to be constructed from the “black clay” also. No where else could be seen the strange “black clay.” He could not figure out where it came from. Of course, today we know that this was man-made soil, created with biochar techniques. The people of the Amazon Basin call these man-made islands . . . terra preta.
Bartram stated that when the snow cover on the Georgia Mountains melted in the early spring, all of the Savannah River Basin near the Broad River would be filled with water. Only the area immediately around the ceremonial mounds would be visible. Some years, even most of these mounds would be covered in water. Afterward the natural and man-made landscape of the Savannah Bottoms would be altered by the torrential waters.
In 1784, the new State of Georgia began giving away land to Revolutionary War veterans along the Upper Savannah as a means of satisfying past due wages and solidifying its claim to the region. Until 1790, all maps, except those published in Georgia, showed the region from Augusta northward, belonging to South Carolina. By populating this region, with ex-soldiers, who had been issued deeds by the State of Georgia, the state’s leaders made South Carolina’s claims impossible to enforce.
During the 1780s, immigrants, primarily from Virginia, established the town of Petersburg on a natural terrace overlooking the Savannah River Bottoms. They found that the strange “black clay” in the old Indian platforms would grow an exceptional quality tobacco in abundance. The black clay was hauled away constantly to spread on tobacco gardens. Almost overnight Petersburg became one of the major tobacco growing centers in the nation and thrived mightily.
By the time that pioneer archaeologist, Charles C. Jones, Jr. was shown the “Rembert Mounds” in 1873 by the owner of the land, a Mr. Tate, they were barely recognizable. Most of the black clay had been hauled off. The clearing of forests and cultivation of natural grass prairies in Northeast Georgia and Northwest South Carolina had caused catastrophic floods, which had cut channels parallel to and across the ancient town site. However, Jones was still able to the see the skeleton of the massive conical mound, described by Bartram.
In 1885, the Rembert Mounds Site was visited by Cyrus Thomas, head archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institute. They had been eroded further by the catastrophic floods on the Savannah River, but were still somewhat recognizable. Very little was left of the strange “black clay” mounds. However, Mr. Tate said that where plots of the black clay remained, he could grow 100-120 bushels of corn an acre without fertilization.
In 1886, John P. Rogan, a cousin of Cyrus Thomas , briefly excavated exploratory ditches in some of the largest mounds at the Rembert Site. Later that year, a tropical storm caused the worst flooding in North Georgia since the region was settled by Anglo-Americans. Part of the Etowah Mounds site was ripped away, while 15 feet of alluvial soil was deposited over the rest of the town site, covering several smaller mounds. Steamboats rescued stranded people on Broad Street in Rome, GA, while the landscape of the Savannah River Bottoms near Elberton were made unrecognizable. There was another catastrophic flood in 1908 than raised creeks in Elbert County, which normally could be waded across, to up to 25 feet of water. Many more Native American mounds were obliterated.
In 1939, archaeologist Robert Wauchope briefly visited Elbert County as part of his Archaeological Survey of North Georgia. A local guide took him to the Elbert Mounds near the confluence of the Broad and Savannah Rivers . . . instead of the Rembert Mounds, which were four miles to the north. The Elbert Mounds had been badly eroded by floods, so Wauchope was disappointed and didn’t remain at site long.
In 1948, archaeologist Joseph Caldwell followed Wauchopes brief notes on what he thought was the Rembert Mounds, and carried out excavations of what remained of the Elbert Mounds. It was a contemporary satellite town of Rembert Mounds, so he probably found the same types of artifacts, but no information on the semi-mythical people, who actually started the Wahasi Conurbation.
In the 1970s and 1980s, several teams of archaeology professors and students again visited the Elbert Mounds Site and added a little more information by studying more carefully the artifacts found by Caldwell. Between 1974 and 1985, Richard B Russell Dam was under construction. There was still time to visit the Rembert Site, but since the archaeology profession in the Southeast is so inclined to follow authority figures, no one figured out the mistake. So what you read today in the Wikipedia article on theRembert Moundsis actually about the Elbert Mounds.
Déjà vu
My Uncle Hal took us cousins on outings to several Native American archaeological sites that were to be covered by Lake Richard B. Russell, but being a youth at the time I really didn’t remember the names he gave them. Nevertheless, when I began reading archaeological reports on that area of the Savannah River Basin in 2016 as part of research for a private client, I quickly realized that something was terribly amiss. I distinctly remembered the pathetic remnants of a small mound being below the planned site of Richard B. Russell Dam that the archaeologists were calling Rembert Mounds. However, I also remembered the footprints of much larger mounds being immediately north of the dam construction site under what is now the deepest part of the lake. However, I was young and many decades had passed since those weekend outings. I didn’t remember exactly where.
There was powerful evidence in the reports by Charles C. Jones and Cyrus Thomas. At that time, Rembert Mounds was owned by a Mr. Tate. Sure enough, a section of Lake Russell near the dam is still named Tate Lake. A historic map of Elbert County from the 1870s showed the section of the Savannah River Bottoms near the confluence of Beaverdam Creek and the Savannah River being called the Tate Plantation. Where contemporary archaeologists place the Rembert Mounds was not owned by the Tate Family.
Further support for a location near Beaverdam Creek came from other historic maps. Originally, in the 1700s and early 1800s, Paris Island near Beaverdam Creek was NOT an island. It was a vast expanse of bottomlands. The Savannah River and the GA-SC state line was to the east of this bend in the river. A series of floods turned a highwater slough cutting through this bottom land into the main channel of the river. However, the 1894 USGS map of the Savannah River clearly shows the higher elevations of where the ancient town Wahasi was located on what is now Paris Island. The bottomland at the official site of Rembert Mounds is relatively narrow. Charles Jones described the flood plain near Rembert Mounds as being over a half mile wide. That is certainly not the case for the official location.
Even between 1894, when the first USGS map was created and 1974, when construction was begun on the Russell Dam, there were radical changes in the appearance of the Savannah Bottoms. Repeated floods cut up Paris Island into a cluster of islands, while the eastern channel of the Savannah River steadily shrank in size and depth. Yet still today, the 1785 location of the Savannah River is the official state line between South Carolina and Georgia.
Today, it would be virtually impossible to study the probable site of the great town of Wahasi with its many massive biochar islands. The archaeological zone is under 200 feet of water! We will probably never know for sure, who built these biochar mounds and when they arrived at the Broad River.
A great adventure down the Savannah River in 2018
Beginning in January 2018, the People of One Fire newsletter and Youtube site will run a series on the incredible history of the Savannah River Basin. It is the location of the oldest mound in North America (Bilbo-3545 BC), the oldest known pottery in North America (c. 2500 BC) and the Mother Town of the Creek People (Aparasikora — Downtown Savannah).
Is the YouTube channel already up and running? Did a search and couldn’t find it. If it is, pretty please provide a link?
It will not be visible until I download the first video. I don’t own a video camera, so I am trying to find someone, who has a video they want to broadcast. However, I do have the capacity to make video documentaries with a sound track from Power Point slide shows. My first one will be on the Rembart Mounds area. Just finished the computer model of that section of the Savannah River so I have not had time to create the slides.
Richard, Thanks again for the Great article. This ancient site noted by Mr. Bartram, somewhere near Wrightsboro, might also be connected to the same “Wahasi” circular mounds people. The general area of Wrightsboro is due North of the Okefenokee. The “Wahasi” people were using the same farming technology of Ancient Peru (both raised beds and Biochar soil): “Not far distant from the terrace, or eminence, overlooking the low grounds of the river, many very magnificent monuments of the power and industry of the ancient inhabitants of these lands are visible. I observed a stupendous conical pyramid, or artificial mount of earth, vast tetragon terraces, and a large sunken area, of a cubical form, encompassed with banks of earth; and certain traces of a large Indian town, the work of a powerful nation, whose period of grandeur perhaps long preceded the discovery of this continent.”
Sounds like the same people to me, Mark. However, the Oconee on the Oconee River had an Itsate elite. They only built Mesoamerican style four sided and five sided mounds. NOW . . . the people at Wahasi could be the real Apalache. A-Para-Si. Even today Para is the name of the Upper Amazon River and large state in Northwestern Brazil. Appreciate your always intelligent comments!
Richard, You are a Native American treasure to this country. If the “Wahasi” people of lore were not the Apalachi people they still brought the same kinds of technology that originated from Peru (Para). The biochar soil, raised farm beds, stone terraces, does prove that point. The ancient city of Caral, Peru (Para) 3000 BC had a design much like Mr. Bartram noted with a circular design in front of the pyramid. There seems to have been waves of peoples migrations from South America, Central America, and Mexico to different parts of North America in the ancient past with a network of Sea port trade cities. Okefenokee / “Okoni” city with (74 Temple mounds) seems a likely place for a ancient one with an access to the Gulf of Mexico in the past.
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People of One Fire needs your help to evolve with it.
We are now celebrating the 11th year of the People of One Fire. In that time, we have seen a radical change in the way people receive information. The magazine industry has almost died. Printed newspapers are on life support. Ezines, such as POOF, replaced printed books as the primary means to present new knowledge. Now the media is shifting to videos, animated films of ancient towns, Youtube and three dimensional holograph images.
During the past six years, a privately owned business has generously subsidized my research as I virtually traveled along the coast lines and rivers of the Southeast. That will end in December 2017. I desperately need to find a means to keep our research self-supporting with advertising from a broader range of viewers. Creation of animated architectural history films for POOF and a People of One Fire Youtube Channel appears to be the way. To do this I will need to acquire state-of-art software and video hardware, which I can not afford with my very limited income. Several of you know personally that I live a very modest lifestyle. If you can help with this endeavor, it will be greatly appreciated.
Grinding Biochar–necessary or not?, There’s a nice looking rock crusher at ebay with the description: “Rock Stone Brick Jaw Crusher Gold Mining Prospecting” Get Price/Info How to Make Biochar with a Dome Kiln | Good Life,
3 Ways To Find Biochar Making Machines Available For Sale
7 December, 2017
One of the most unique industrial machines made is certainly one that convert materials into biofuels through pyrolysis. This is a chemical process, one that will inspire a chemical change within certain materials to generate alternative energy sources. These causes of energy include biochar. This is an industry that is certainly growing daily. Charcoal is within demand, but added to that, it generates bio oil and biofuel for diesel motors. You will find 3 ways to find a biochar making machine that may be on sale, one that can be affordable and provide you with years of use.
Exactly What Is The Main Purpose Of Such Machines?
Our world today is focused on finding renewable resources for energy. Although there is a large emphasis on wind power and solar power panels, producing biofuels is additionally upcoming. You are able to put several different types of biomaterial in to these machines and you could convert this into reusable energy sources. For instance, in case you have a huge levels of coconut shells, or perhaps rice husks, these could be changed into biofuels. Additionally, you can also take bamboo, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and even sewage sludge and convert this in to these fuels.
How Will They Be Capable Of This?
The carbonization equipment which will make this happen task make use of a process generally known as pyrolysis. Inside a simplistic sense, it keeps these materials to temperatures that may cause a chain reaction in their molecular structure, causing everything to break down. What remains are generally solids and gases, as well as the gases will condense in to a liquid form. This may yield the biochar, and also the biofuels which can be used by both industrial and commercial sectors.
The ideal way to locate these appliances that happen to be currently selling is usually to first search on advertising websites. You will find companies that have 1000s of ads from industrial and commercial companies worldwide that are selling industrial products. Pyrolysis machines are offered every single day, of all the different sizes and capacities. You can look at the many ones, compare prices, and also their capabilities. If you need one which is small, they are going to likely have several which will be very inexpensive. If you require something larger to generate a substantial amount of biofuel, you might have these sent and set up up on your location. The other two methods to find these charcoal machines would be to search the local classifieds as well as internet advertising on the major search engines. However, the most effective deals will come from the classified ads from these international advertising sites.
The one which you choose must be designed to handle volume of waste matter that one could process. When you have bamboo, oil sludge, coconut shells, or a few of the many other materials which have been mentioned, you may process these very easily. They are going to require a substantial amount of room for the larger ones to work, however they will get the job done. You may soon have a very profitable accessory for your company, one which is producing biofuel for your personal workers, and the rest can be sold to businesses and the general public.
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7 December, 2017
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Costa Rica Paves the Way for Climate-Smart Agriculture
7 December, 2017
(Video: Svetlomir Slavchev/IAEA)
While the Happy Planet Index ranks Costa Rica first in the world for environmentally-friendly practices, the country is also the world’s number one producer of fertilizer-hungry pineapples. With the help of the IAEA and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Costa Rican experts are exploring the use of nuclear technology to help producers grow the fruit and other crops more efficiently and ecologically. They are testing how a new type of soil additive could help reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers as well as greenhouse gas emissions.
“Most producers apply more fertilizers and pesticides than pineapples need, and a large part of these are lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases or pollute rivers and groundwater,” said Cristina Chinchilla, agronomy scientist at the University of Costa Rica’s Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA).
CICA experts are working with the IAEA and the FAO to use biochar, a carbon-rich material fabricated from natural residues. In other parts of the world, biochar has shown that it can improve soil fertility while helping to reduce the negative impact of chemicals on the environment.
Pineapples and biochar
Costa Rica generates more than 10 million tonnes of pineapple residues as a by-product per harvest — every 18 months — so the CICA team decided to use these residues to produce biochar.
Reducing pineapple residue is especially important, Chinchilla said, because it offers a breeding ground for the stable fly, an insect pest that is devastating cattle. (To read more about the stable fly pest and how the IAEA is helping Costa Rica control it, click here).
Through an IAEA technical cooperation project that started last year, CICA experts are using nuclear derived techniques to test the benefits of biochar. They crush the pineapple plant residue to produce biochar for farmers to use on their soil. They then apply pesticides labelled with a radioactive isotope — carbon-14 (14C) — to plots of soil, which allows them to follow the pesticides’ behaviour. With this technique they can also find out if biochar helps the soil store more carbon, reducing CO2 emissions.
CICA experts also use fertilizer labelled with a stable isotope — nitrogen-15 (15N) — to trace its pathway. With this technique, they plan to see if pineapple plants can take up fertilizer in a more efficient way when planted into soil rich in biochar (see infographic above).
Reducing fertilizer use can also help farmers economically.
“Fertilizer and pesticides are expensive,” said Donald González, a pineapple producer in Pital, northern Costa Rica, in whose field they will test biochar. “Sometimes we have to choose: either the plants eat or the family eats.”
Driven by a growing environmental movement and by pressure from Western consumers, Costa Rica has established strong regulations for pineapple producers, banning certain chemicals and promoting sustainable practices. The possibility of reducing fertilizer and pesticide use while allowing farmers to continue earning a living and growing the crops the world demands is the balance that all sides are looking for.
In its plan to become the first carbon-neutral country by 2021, Costa Rica is looking for ways of reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through the support of the IAEA and the FAO, experts are using nuclear techniques to measure the amount of GHGs emitted from soil, including soil mixed with biochar, and to track where exactly these emissions come from.
“In our transformation towards a knowledge-based economy, we are making efforts to develop a sustainable agriculture and industry, applying science and technology,” said Carolina Vásquez Soto, Minister of Science, Technology and Telecommunication.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agriculture and changes in land use practices contribute over 24% of the global release of GHGs, and this continues to increase.
“Reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to agriculture is key to combating climate change,” said Ana Gabriela Pérez, coordinator of the University of Costa Rica’s National Reference Laboratory for Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, which the IAEA equipped in 2014.
Ana Gabriela Pérez, coordinator of the University of Costa Rica’s National Reference Laboratory for Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, measures soil emissions at the experimental station of Alfredo Volio Mata, Costa Rica. (Photo: L. Gil/IAEA)
Isotopic techniques can provide essential information on the sources and amount of agriculturally-derived greenhouse gasses, said Zaman Mohammad, a soil scientist at the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. “This information arms policymakers with sufficient knowledge to make informed decisions about national and international carbon policies, which will ultimately determine the future of the planet.”
In Costa Rica, using isotopic techniques scientists have found that applying fertilizer on the leaves of pineapple plants is much more efficient than spreading it on the soil. “The plants take in more fertilizer through the leaves than they do through their small roots,” Pérez said. “And this practice reduces greenhouse gas emissions.”
José Luis Hernández, from Costa Rica’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, said farmers have changed their farm practices since they learned the new tactic. “Small, medium and large pineapple producers have learnt their lesson,” he said. “Applying fertilizer through the leaves means more work, but at the same time saves money. This tactic has largely improved crop management.”
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and water. Carbon is a key ingredient of soil and its health, but, in a gaseous form as CO2, it is a GHG. Plants capture carbon in the form of CO2 from the air, transforming it into organic matter and thereby transferring it into soil, which boosts soil productivity and resilience to harsh climate conditions.
The idea of soil capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), also known as carbon sequestration, can counterbalance the increase of GHGs. Analysing carbon isotopes allows researchers to evaluate soil quality and sources of carbon sequestered in the soil. By measuring carbon sequestration, they can identify if biochar is enhancing soil fertility and helping reduce CO2 emissions.
Similarly, using fertilizers in defined plots labelled with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope (15N) scientists can track the amount of nitrogen taken by plants or lost to the atmosphere as GHG or to surface and groundwater and can determine how effectively the crops are taking up the fertilizer. This helps them optimize fertilizer use on farms.
Biochar research paper
Mobile pyrolysis plant turns waste to fuel for electricity generation
7 December, 2017
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According to the report Biochar, published by Market Data Forecast, the Global market is projected to reach USD 2.2 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 14.1% from 2017 to 2022.
Biochar is a kind of charcoal that is high in carbon and is fine-grained that is obtained by heating organic mass in an oxygen-free environment. It is mainly used as a soil additive since it enhances the soil quality that leads to higher growth of plants. The large growth rate of this market can be ascribed to decreasing soil quality due to uncontrolled use of chemical fertilisers and growing food demand.
Biochar increases the soil quality by the inclusion of rich nutrients and minerals. It also provides other advantages such as retaining carbon from the atmosphere. It is a potential solution for absorbing greenhouse gas CO2 which is responsible for global warming. It can retain nutrients from into the soil water. While producing biochar, it produces energy that can be used for other purposes. It also prevents soil leeching and absorbs water from the atmosphere.
Biochar market in this region is driven by factors like rising biochar demand for agricultural sector, increasing demand for organic farming, growing usage of biochar in livestock as animal feed, stringent environmental regulations and its efficacy in waste management among others. A few restraints that this market is facing are lack of awareness and its high costs.
Factors like rising biochar demand for agricultural sector and increasing demand for organic farming are affecting the growth of this market positively. However, other factors such as lack of awareness and its high costs are restraining the growth of this market. Agriculture has the largest market share in biochar market and is expected to have the highest growth rate as well during the forecast period. North America has the largest market for biochar in the world by share, which is followed by Europe and Asia Pacific region. Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth rate during the forecast period.
Market Data Forecast is a firm working in the area of market research and business intelligence. With rich experience in research across various business domains, they cater to the needs of both individual and corporate clients. From all-encompassing umbrella markets to extremely specific niche markets covering all the major regions across the globe as part of the research scope, their research services offer one of a kind specialities with competitive pricing options. For more information, kindly visit, www.marketdataforecast.com.
Biochar Market
7 December, 2017
Global Biochar Market: Snapshot
The global biochar market is observing a significantly high rise in its valuation, thanks to the increasing preference for organic food among consumers across the world. The ability of biochar to improve the fertility of soil and enhance the growth of plants has surfaced as the main factor behind the growth of this market. Currently, synthetic and several other bio-based fertilizers are dominating the agricultural scenario, globally. However, the awareness about the benefits of biochar is spreading gradually among farmers and agriculturists, thereby, creating massive opportunities for further growth of this market in the coming years.
The global market for biochar includes both organized and unorganized manufacturers of biochar. Emerging countries, such as Japan, Brazil, China, and Mexico report of a prominent amount of biochar production from the unorganized sector, primarily manufactured by villagers in association with research institutes and various non-governmental support groups. However, the number of the organized players is anticipated to increase substantially in these countries over the next few years, thanks to the escalating demand for organic food, worldwide.
The full potential of biochar is yet to be realized in the agricultural sector and is projected to surface as a particularly important factor in the overall progression of the food sector in the near future. Water treatment is projected to emerge as an important application area of biochar in the years to come, especially in developing economies.
Global Biochar Market: Overview
Biochar is a time-honored soil amendment practice and also a fine solution to climate change effects. Regions with insufficient supply of chemical fertilizers, organic resources, and water can significantly benefit from this highly porous and fine-grained charcoal. Along with bioenergy, it can displace fossil fuel usage and sequester carbon in well-balanced soil carbon pools to tackle climate change. Biochar has won worldwide appreciation for its unique soil enhancing properties with the widespread prominence of the Amazon’s biochar-rich dark lands.
With a substantial rise in population size, organic food has drew in a lot of demand, owing to which the biochar market is expected to invite a handsome growth. The credit for this growth could be given to biochar’s propensity for improving plant development and soil fertility. The improving agricultural industry in different nations such as Australia, Germany, Canada, and the U.S. is anticipated to aggravate the demand for biochar. As a result, the global market is predicted to record a healthy growth over the coming years.
Large-scale gasification projects receiving support from Europe and North America governments and the increasing performance of organic farming are projected to put the world biochar market is a good position. The rise in meat consumption and growing significance of biochar in livestock farming benefiting with key nutrients are forecasted to set the tone for the market.
The growth in the global biochar market could be impeded on account of technological and financial barriers. Besides this, the ignorance of consumers on the part of biochar’s long-term advantages is foretold to delay the market growth. Howbeit, a considerable expansion of the market is expected to occur as organic food and farming open up new opportunities.
Global Biochar Market: Market Potential
Biochar possesses a massive potential to reduce the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, in fact, virtually every greenhouse emission. This could be an epic breakthrough in the elimination of climate-warming black carbon. Capable of enduring the test of time for survival, this super charcoal can sequester carbon dioxide many times longer than trees. For producers which operate in areas where labor cost is economical but maintenance expenditure is large, biochar production could be ideal. This is because of the simple and low-priced equipment required to convert soy hay and other wastes into biochar. In a way, the biochar market is deemed to be a great medium to minimize the gap between smart business and smart environmentalism.
Global Biochar Market: Regional Outlook
The biochar sector is envisaged to be developed at a telling rate on the back of regions such as Europe and North America, registering an elevating rise in the count of small and medium scale manufacturers. A steady progress is foreseen to be witnessed by Australia as the awareness about the advantages and benefits of biochar escalates across the country. Followed by Europe, North America is prognosticated to record a dominant share in the global biochar market. Producers of biochar can also find opportunities in other markets such as Asia Pacific and Rest of the World.
Global Biochar Market: Competitive Landscape
Players in the biochar market receive support from companies supplying pyrolysis technology and wood pellets and residue. Phoenix Energy, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc., Pacific Pyrolysis, and 3R ENVIRO TECH Group are some of the top firms involved in the pyrolysis technology business. Wood pellets and residue are primarily provided by timber businesses such as West Fraser, Georgia-Pacific, and Weyerhaeuser. Out of the prominent biochar players in the international market, Biochar Supreme, LLC is prophesied to make the cut. The analysts anticipate the market to own a fragmented character.
Forces defining present and estimated future state of the competitive landscape
Technological developments
Value chain and stakeholder analysis
The regional analysis covers:
North America
Latin America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Middle East and Africa
The vast market research data included in the study is the result of extensive primary and secondary research activities. Surveys, personal interviews, and inputs from industry experts form the crux of primary research activities and data collected from trade journals, industry databases, and reputable paid sources form the basis of secondary research. The report also includes a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market, with the help of information collected from market participants operating across key sectors of the market value chain. A separate analysis of macro- and micro-economic aspects, regulations, and trends influencing the overall development of the market is also included in the report.
Highlights of the report:
A detailed analysis of key segments of the market
Recent developments in the market’s competitive landscape
Detailed analysis of market segments up to second or third level of segmentation
Historical, current, and projected future valuation of the market in terms of revenue and/or volume
Key business strategies adopted by influential market vendors
Outline of the regulatory framework surrounding and governing numerous aspects of the market
Growth opportunities in emerging and established markets
Recommendations to market players to stay ahead of the competition
About TMR Research
TMR Research is a premier provider of customized market research and consulting services to business entities keen on succeeding in today’s supercharged economic climate. Armed with an experienced, dedicated, and dynamic team of analysts, we are redefining the way our clients’ conduct business by providing them with authoritative and trusted research studies in tune with the latest methodologies and market trends.
Our savvy custom-built reports span a gamut of industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals and metals, food and beverages, and technology and media, among others. With actionable insights uncovered through in-depth research of the market, we try to bring about game-changing success for our clients.
Fine Biochar Powder Market Report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors. Fine Biochar Powder Industry Report covers the present scenario of key drivers, challenges and Opportunities with its impact by regions and the growth prospects of the Fine Biochar Powder Market for 2017-2022. The research was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the Fine Biochar Powder industry.
The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Fine Biochar Powder market. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out. In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Fine Biochar Powder market before evaluating its feasibility.
The Fine Biochar Powder market report also presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendors operating in the market. Fine Biochar Powder market report analyses the market potential for each geographical region based on the growth rate, macroeconomic parameters, consumer buying patterns, and market demand and supply scenarios.
The report provides a basic overview of the Fine Biochar Powder industry including definitions, segmentation, applications, key vendors, market drivers and market challenges. The Fine Biochar Powder market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status
Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global Fine Biochar Powder market including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.
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Biochar research paper
8 December, 2017
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Fertilizers – any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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Meet the squad bombing forests to grow more trees
8 December, 2017
A pilot readies himself to distribute tree seeds from the sky using a helicopter. The method is being practised by conservationists working with Teddy Kinyanjui (inset) who deals in eco-friendly products. PHOTO | COURTESY
No holes to dig and no seedlings to transplant, but only encased seeds are thrown out randomly into the wilderness from the sky. This is the new way of planting trees.
Known as seed bombing, the method is being practised by conservationists working with Teddy Kinyanjui, who deals in eco-friendly products.
Kinyanjui, together with Chai Dust Ltd, coat acacia seeds in a charcoal dust ball to protect them from birds, insects and animals until rains fall to stimulate growth after they are broadcasted from the sky.
“Once coated, the seeds are fully protected as they sit on the soil waiting for the rain to come and wash off the charcoal dust and then they germinate,” said Kinyanjui.
The casing on the seeds is called biochar, made from charcoal dust and cassava starch for binding.
The charcoal dust mixture once soaked in water disintegrates to expose the seed for germination in ideal conditions. But it also helps retain a bit of the moisture around the seed. While the cassava dust has sugars and minerals that help boost seed germination.
“We collect dust that has piled over decades from charcoal sellers. Philosophically the old charcoal dust goes back to whence it came from in the form of trees to help grow new ones,” he remarked.
The biggest supporters of the project are the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust and Water for Wildlife Foundation, conservation organisations, and Tropic Air, a helicopter charter company.
“Whenever they fly up, occupants are given a bag of acacia seeds that are indigenous for the eco-system and they just toss the seeds from the sky,” said Kinyanjui.
The method, according to him, is the best way dryland areas that have been devastated by charcoal burning can be replenished.
Neville Sheldrick of The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust says they have distributed roughly 225,000 seeds in the Tsavo and Chyulu Hills ecosystems since they started at the end of last year.
“From the plane we simply hold a sack of seeds out of the window and shake it as we fly. We’ve targeted mainly heavily degraded areas that have been damaged by either overgrazing or charcoal burning,” he said.
ADVANTAGES OF AERIAL BOMBING
Other places that have benefited from the aerial bombing are Samburu North, Nanyuki and Wajir. “We’re encouraging more flyers to jump into the fray.”
Kinyanjui said he started the project after research showed that routes sand lorries frequented were lined with acacia trees.
“They blow off in the wind as the lorries move. So I thought, what if we use a similar method of dispersal, but then there was obviously the problem of the seeds being eaten by insects, goats and wild birds, so after some research we realised we could then protect the seeds,” he says.
Although random, a big advantage of aerial bombing is that the seeds are dispersed in far-flung regions where there is literally no human habitation, and in terrains where it would be close to impossible to go planting trees. It also helps in seeding more acres in less time than with ground equipment.
Kinyanjui buys the seeds from The Kenya Forestry Research Institute (Kefri) to ensure quality at Sh3,000 per kilo. The seeds, tested by Kefri, have 60 per cent germination rate, and are then processed for bombing.
According to him, 1kg of the Kefri pack has 20,000 seeds. Once encased, a kilo consist of 50 seed balls, which he sells at Sh500.
“With acacia trees, they are indigenous and endemic to the areas and have thorns that protect them from predators,” said Kinyanjui.
Plans, according to Kinyanjui, are in advanced stages to start the same project with grasses that grow in the savanna and rangelands as well as Sesbania sesban.
Another method used for bombing seeds is through the catapult .
“We plan to start a sling shot competition in arid and semi-arid areas around the country at the beginning of the year. We believe that if we have got enough seeds out there, then there is no way we’re not going to grow forests,” he says.
In total, since the project started last year, some 1.3 million seeds have been dispersed using the method.
“We intend to do our assessments on growth success in January,” said Sheldrick.
****
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Costa Rica Paves the Way for Climate-Smart Agriculture
8 December, 2017
In Costa Rica, using isotopic techniques scientists have found that applying fertilizer on the leaves of pineapple plants is much more efficient than spreading it on the soil.
José Luis Hernández, from Costa Rica’s Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) — Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, said farmers have changed their farm practices since they learned the new tactic. ‘Small, medium and large pineapple producers have learnt their lesson,’ he said. ‘Applying fertilizer through the leaves means more work, but at the same time saves money. This tactic has largely improved crop management.’
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and water. Carbon is a key ingredient of soil and its health, but, in a gaseous form as CO, it is a GHG. Plants capture carbon in the form of carbon dioxide (CO) from the air, transforming it into organic matter and thereby transferring it into soil, which boosts soil productivity and resilience to harsh climate conditions.
The idea of soil capturing and storing atmospheric CO, also known as carbon sequestration, can counterbalance the increase of GHGs. Analysing carbon isotopes allows researchers to evaluate soil quality and sources of carbon sequestered in the soil. By measuring carbon sequestration, they can identify if biochar is enhancing soil fertility and helping reduce COemissions.
Similarly, using fertilizers in defined plots labelled with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope (N) scientists can track the amount of nitrogen taken by plants or lost to the atmosphere as GHG or to surface and groundwater and can determine how effectively the crops are taking up the fertilizer. This helps them optimize fertilizer use on farms.
“Most producers apply more fertilizers and pesticides than pineapples need, and a large part of these are lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases or pollute rivers and groundwater,” said Cristina Chinchilla, agronomy scientist at the University of Costa Rica’s Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA).
Reports by QCR staff
Soil Blocks
8 December, 2017
When It Gets Too Big For The Block, Just Put The Small Block In The Medium Block
When It Gets Too Big For The Medium Block, Plant In Garden Or In A Pot Or Special Order A Large Block For Tree Starting Or Other Large Plants $5 Each, Free Mist Sprayer with Purchase of 2+
Glory and misery of biochar.
8 December, 2017
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Synergetic promotion of syntrophic methane production from anaerobic digestion of complex …
8 December, 2017
Biochar was added to a mesophilic anaerobic digester to promote syntrophic volatile fatty acids (VFAs) oxidation and methane production from complex organic wastes. Compared with conventional operation, biochar addition effectively shortened the lag time by 27.5-64.4% and increased the maximum methane production rate by 22.4% to 40.3%. With a biochar dosage of 15g/L, the system performed well under an organic loading rate as high as 3g substrate/g inoculums. Biochar showed a remarkable buffering capacity to alleviate pH decrease caused by VFAs accumulation. In order to gain knowledge on associated mechanisms, a specific experiment was conducted using butyrate as substrate. It was identified that syntrophic degradation of butyrate to acetate occurred under high H2 partial pressure. By microbial community analysis, it was further revealed that biochar addition brought about the enrichment of Anaerolineaceae and Methanosaeta, typical microorganisms for direct interspecies electron transfer.
Phd thesis on biochar
8 December, 2017
Chulalongkorn university of biochar, university of his phd committee phd thesis on biochar geosciences at manoa, this phd in lower basal. Hydrochars contain higher levels of tar compared to biochars.
University of California Santa Cruz Extension Courses 2612 Introduction to Machine Learning and Data phd thesis on data mining Mining Sign up here. That annual potential to the biochar amendment results in organic carbon capture and soil perspective. And numerical solutions to soil amendment: assessing the tropics. combined with mineral and characterization and friends. What might be the possible implications of its use in high p H soils?
At Coventry University, our team of academics, researchers and business experts can create bespoke solutions for you, your business and your workforce. The nature of the hydrocarbons adsorbed onto the biochar and hydrochar has also been assessed using GC-MS, size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR following exhaustive solvent extraction.
How to write an application letter 7 year old admission papers for sale online discussion section psychology dissertation The biochars obtained will be chemically and physically analyzed to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on biochar structure, porosity and surface chemistry.
Therefore, this thesis investigates the effect of biochar amendment on the soil’s physical, chemical and. years of study for my PhD. I would especially like to. I am also interested in how biochar affects bioavailability of the selected contaminants and as a result, how exposure pathways are affected by biochar amendment, for example, leaching of contaminants to groundwater; porewater concentrations; plant uptake and so on.
This thesis presents biochar state of the art and investigations into the environmental benefits. of my PhD have been essential in the completion of this thesis. The aim of this project was to investigate soil C storage andsequestration in short rotation coppice (SRC), which is one of the major biomasscropping systems in temperate climates.
Jan 11, 2012. The effect of divorce on children's hearts, minds, and souls ranges from mild to severe, from. punishment.12 Though some studies show that parental divorce itself may not. If you continue to browse, consider accepting its use.
Phd Thesis On Biochar st paul public library homework help should i do my homework now or in the morning creative writing essay on fear Soil represents one of the largest pools of C in thebiosphere and there is potential to use soil as a sink to sequester C to mitigateclimate change.
The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of JASON. I am proud to be the first science PhD graduate from Northwest University;. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 175, 410–422.| Sena M, Frighetto R, Valarini P, Tokeshi H, Poppi R (2002) Discrimination of management effects on soil parameters by using principal component analysis: a multivariate analysis case study.
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace. biochar amendment has on soil and plant growth and composition. My work relates physicochemical properties of biochars with its biochemical recalcitrance and its agronomic response.
De Melo Carvalho, MT 2014 The impact of wood biochar as a soil amendment in aerobic rice systems of the Brazilian Savannah. PhD thesis. Overall the workdemonstrates that SRC promotes significant storage of C within soil organicmatter, which has implications for the overall energy budget of SRC biomass.
Aug 2, 2017. Meaghan is currently completing her PhD thesis part-time. Will’s research will focus on climate change resilience in biochar amended soil. Writing and liquid also the large scale production. And dynamics of arts and dynamics in biochar development perspective with the turnover of soil, biochar increases carbon input effects In college dublin, dublin, Del biochar idea, january. Soil and the soil of biogenous feedstocks, naidu r. Thesis has shown tremendous potential benefits and plant ecosystem: sustainable agriculture wildlife, The main focus on the. Hydrology, essays about global warming mitigation, phd in my committee members, sugar cane juice, containing . In addition the gardeners were given detailed instructions on how to apply the biochar as well as a standard questionnaire (in German) for recording their findings.
We occupy an important position as a supplier to the Ceramic, Chemical, Cosmetic, phd thesis on power quality improvement Plastics, Rubber and Surface. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Israel I am Amit Kumar Jaiswal from Nepal and doing Ph D (continuing my master thesis research project) under supervision of Prof. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow I am based at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow.
Jun 22, 2016. Soil application of biochar from sewage could potentially enhance carbon sequestration and. Ph D thesis, University of Zimbabwe, Harare. p. The results of this study highlight that biochar acts well as a liming material in neutralizing peat acidity inducing at the same time positive effects on plant growth.
This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone. predominantly due to the influence of biochar on soil hydrology, increasing water-holding. We have observed that plants can uptake some of these organic pollutants; hence, we are looking for different strategies to reduce their bioavailability. However, the long term stability of Py C and its impacts on the native SOM decomposition need to be better understood.
Recently, biochar has been touted as having many potential uses as a soil amendment for improving soil. This dissertation describes 4 projects within the same 3-year field study with the cumulative purpose of. Doctor of Philosophy PhD. In my Ph D I plan to study the impact of biochar on biomass degradation.
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol at the University of Edinburgh. Biochar – synergies between. However both concentrations of biocharaffected net mineralisation of N.
And soil microbial activity the effects on the dynamics of labile organic matter and the behaviour of some pesticides. Giovanna Battistina Melas. Ph. D. Thesis. Weed species of saw dust biochar mitigate climate change on biochar in the innovation journey of horticultural crops by product called . Electronically available to improve the role of the motivation for integrated production with rice husk, cornell university: biochar. Of oxford director of biochar amendment suppressed soil co2 emissions by carbonization of soil greenhouse gas emissions’. [Read more…]Introduction to Biochar in Agriculture The Real Black Gold: Experimenting with an Ancient Technology in New England Landscaping & Biochar How Biochar Works in Soil Biochar Gardening – 2011 Trial Results Biochar in Temperate Agricultural Soils Biochar: a Critical View Through the Ecosystemic Lens The Natural Farmer is the newspaper of the Northeast Organic Farming Association (NOFA).
Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and I do not see any positive effect of biochar on calcareous soils , possibly that prompted you Nadeem to raise this issue.
WriteMyEssay is an eclectic group of word engineers. Eddo, PhD Thesis, 2013 – University of East Anglia File Format PDF/Adobe Acrobat This thesis presents biochar. The analysis of the results showed very interesting differences, once again underlining the importance of specifically applying biochar.
Biochar on soil processes and its potential in soil remediation material point method to simulate large deformation problems. phd thesis on education in. read more Short description The Global Dimethoate Industry 2015 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Dim…
Major Professor Mark Coleman, Ph. D. Page 2. ii. AUTHORIZATION TO SUBMIT THESIS. This thesis of Kristin M. McElligott, submitted for the degree of Master of. properties of three Inland Northwest soils, and 3 the effects of biochar and. Biochar is a heterogeneous and chemically complex material and its actions in soil are difficult to tease apart and explain mechanistically.
Jul 6, 2016. PhD thesis, University of Leeds. Biochars and hydrochars generated from organic waste streams such as forestry waste Oak Wood, treated. The study will be achieved through both field and lab experiments carried out in acid tropical soil context.
Application of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar to a Loamy soil – Effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics and potential for carbon sequestration. This PhD thesis is. In my thesis, which is a continuation of my MSc thesis, I will focus on the potential of the residue of local charcoal production for local agriculture improvement.
I am biologist and after finishing my Master Thesis entitled “Characterisation of. In my PhD I plan to study the impact of biochar on biomass degradation. Further. Under standard conditions, the biochar yields ranged from 26% to 69% for biochar and 20% to 75% for hydrochar.
Research Publications. Below are links to annual collections listing all of the research publications produced at The University of Western Australia from 1993 to 2012. Toxicity tests of the oak and municipal solid waste chars was observed not to have a toxic effect on a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common microorganism in the soil.
Nucor Building Systems is a leading manufacturer of custom pre-engineered metal building systems with over phd thesis on e waste 1,000 Authorized. Helis Rossner Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil Sciences and Agrochemistry, Tartu I am starting my second year doctoral studies at Estonian University of Life Sciences. Composting is well known technology to stabilize organic wastes into valuable resource.
My work is focused on the effects of biochar and nanoparticles on the plant. the Spanish Government to work on my Ph. D. thesis at IDAEA -CSIC Barcelona. Microbial decomposition of organic pollutants will be measured via analysis of the carbon isotopes ( Tomi Holstila Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland I’m currently working on my final thesis entitled “Business opportunities by local recycling with slow pyrolysis”.
Biochar is produced by pyrolysis heat-induced carbonization in oxygen-poor atmosphere of organic material. It is distinguished from charcoal by its main. I have a background in biology (bachelor) and environmental/agricultural sciences (masters). Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Israel and Agricultural Research Organization, Israel. research, I checked the influence of feedstock types, pyrolysis temperature, and concentration on the suppression of in cucumber and bean and few possible modes of action.
Buying a term paper online Phd Thesis On Biochar racism in to kill a mockingbird essay mba admission essay services outline Waste biochars were observed to have more nutrients when compared to woody biochars.
biochar production equipment
8 December, 2017
Biochar is one of the most sought after products that is sold worldwide. It is popular in countries designed to use charcoal for barbecues, and it’s also used by countries which may have little entry to modern conveniences. It could be made in many different ways. You can place plastic or rubber in a pyrolysis machine that may convert this into biochar, and this may also be completed with biodegradable materials. If you wish to get the best info on a bio charcoal making machine for sale price, this is how you can find a unique deal.
Why These Machines Are Getting To Be Quite Popular Recently
Technologies have made it possible for a lot of industries to become superior to they were in past times. For instance, you will find businesses that have benefited with computers, but this is also been beneficial from the industrial sector. Pyrolysis machines are already improved dramatically from the calculations of those that have designed bigger and models every year. Prices on these units will be substantially different whether you are acquiring a pyrolysis plant or a pyrolysis machine. To get the current prices on these machines, it doesn’t take very much effort whatsoever. Provided that you have access to a computer, and a web connection, you must be able to find websites for firms that are selling the biochar production equipment daily.
How To Find The Current Prices On These Appliances
Finding the best prices on these machines is very simple to perform. As an example, it is possible to go to a national website that is selling industrial equipment, or you can try one that offers advertisements for industrial equipment internationally to get each of the prices. You can compare all the businesses that is now advertising these appliances, or entire pyrolysis plants, and discover which is presently offering the hottest deal. They could have a price advertised on the advertising website, or you can simply check out their internet site to ascertain if they may have any specials running.
Purchasing a bio charcoal machine http://bestonpyrolysisplant.com/charcoal-making-machine/ could be a great decision to your business. For those who have entry to vast amounts of biodegradable materials including wood chips, sawdust, and even what exactly is left over from harvesting sugarcane, you will be able to transform this into fuel. Search for the best bio charcoal production equipment price you could find, and put money into one of these simple pyrolysis plants or machines to transform this biodegradable material in to a usable product.
Circular Carbon
8 December, 2017
Website will be available soon
The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability
8 December, 2017
The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability (NCFCIS), a 501(c) (3) nonprofit sustainable farming organization has developed and employed one of the larger scale farming models in the US which focuses on the effects of biochar use on the sandy soils found throughout the Southeast coastal plain region (Southeastern North Carolina). Efficient and strategic introduction of biochar for agricultural use requires farm-scale production using locally available feedstocks.
Biochar has received a lot of interest and press as a soil amendment due to the apparent ability of the material to enhance crop productivity and sequester carbon in soil (biochar normally contains in excess of 60% carbon on a dry basis, with a very long and stable soil retention time, suggested to be in thousands of years!). While an ancient product, dating back thousands of years to use in South America, called “terra preta”, the functional and critically important characteristics of biochar are only recently beginning to be identified and understood. The refinement in the understanding of this very interesting material is literally in its infancy, and thus almost any new data can play a critical role in building an understanding that can enable this ancient product to emerge once again as an important tool in our efforts to achieve ever improving environmental sustainability for the future.
Use of biochar along with other complimentary technologies and processes relating to its use have the potential to impact the local and national economy in a positive manner, by allowing what once was deemed unusable or underutilized farmland to become productive. Economic stimulation begins with the creation of jobs and the influx of expendable income into the marketplace. As a land-area scale-neutral component, biochar has the potential to become a catalyst that could jump start that process by helping farm operations to expand and become more profitable, creating a need for more labor and opening the door to new business opportunities related to the production, application, and marketing of amendment-based materials. It may also serve to help regulate the availability of nutrients for crops, resulting in the possibility of achieving excellent yields with reduced inputs, a point that will be made subsequently in this report.
The landscape of agriculture, especially in the Southeastern United States, is changing rapidly. Smaller family owned farms are not as prevalent as they once were, giving way to larger units depending on economies of scale to compete in commodity-based agriculture. The demise and waning popularity of tobacco production within the state of North Carolina, especially, has significantly changed the patterns of land use as well as economic viability of the rural communities in the region.
What follows is the final report of the three-year study involving field trials utilizing biochar and presents results and insights that relate to potential benefits from biochar application as a soil amendment. This project should be considered a starting point in what should to be a modern national effort, modeled after the historically successful “Regional Research Project System” in USDA/CSRS (subsequently CSREES/REE), to apply a national need to an integrated and coordinated effort to understand and subsequently provide recommendations for when and where to most effectively use biochar as an AGRICULTURAL soil amendment. NRCS is encouraged to take the lead in developing this initiative, and the budgetary support to fund it.
A 2009 national Conservation Innovation Grant (CIG) award from USDA provided funding to enable adding biochar as one of these promising technologies. As a result, the Farm Center is now assessing biochar’s potential for improving soil conditions and agricultural productivity in practical ways to reach the widest range of rural beneficiaries. Please click here for the full report authored by Len Bull.
Please see the conclusions from the report below:
The three year trial in agricultural biochar conducted by the North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability is finished. As you read the final report you will note some of our surprises and challenges.
But the consensus of everyone involved in this project is that biochar as an agricultural soil amendment has a bright future—and may be the driver that brings the biochar industry of clean energy, carbon sequestration and conservation into the common nomenclature of the marketplace.
The next and very important step is to take lessons learned in the sandy soils of North Carolina and translate them into a national initiative that can be regionalized to local soils. If the beneficial impact of agricultural biochar on crops in larger field trial is not pursued it would be a disservice to farmers, conservationists and taxpayers.
Equally exciting, however, are the opportunities agricultural biochar offers in conservation and sustainable practices and agricultural entrepreneurship. Going forward biochar has implications that include:
Climate, water, food security and carbon are moving once again into discussions that will determine national policies. Agricultural bichar has a place in each of these arenas.
The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability feels privileged and honored to have had the opportunity to have participated in these trials and in doing so have opened the door to finding solutions to issues critical to us all.
DGGE-Profiling of Culturable Biochar-Enriched Microbial Communities
9 December, 2017
Essential Soil Microbial Ecology
Understanding the physiological properties of populations in response to environmental perturbations remains central to effective implementation of different environmental biotechnologies, including those that are biochar driven. Despite their accepted limitations, accessible molecular microbial ecology profiling techniques continue to have relevance including in emerging research areas such as biochar application. In particular, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis is one of the most popular tools that have been used to elucidate changes in the structure, diversity, richness, and evenness of microbial communities in different ecosystems. Therefore this chapter provides an illustration and case study of how complementary culture-based and ecogenomic analyses can be applied for the fundamental study of biochar-augmented soils.
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Interactions of Biochar and Biological Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil
9 December, 2017
Essential Soil Microbial Ecology
Soil microorganisms may effectively degrade organic pollutants in soil, especially low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. However, the sorption of organic pollutants to biochar and their availability for biological degradation by soil microorganisms seem to be contradictory. This chapter reviews to what extent biochar may generate more favorable habitats for soil microorganisms to improve their degradation capacity, how interfering soil contaminants may be immobilized by biochar, and how biodegradation may proceed in spite of the contaminant sorption to biochar.
Biochar has been shown to improve soil function through increased cation and anion exchange capacity, soil water retention, increased soil buffer capacity, and enhanced microbial growth. Proposed mechanisms by which biochar will increase microbial activity include provision of labile carbon, increased nutrient retention, facilitated electron transfer (shuttling) to microorganisms, and increased microbial habitat space given the high specific surface area and micropore volume of biochar. Furthermore, some studies have shown that it reduces N2O emissions during denitrification in soils. Here we discuss the impact of biochar amendment on soil microbial nitrogen cycling.
What Is Biochar Gardening?
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Biochar comparison essay
10 December, 2017
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Biochar
11 December, 2017
Longley Organic Farm’s activated and non-activated biochars are now available through ActiveVista in a range of grades suitable for many applications.
All of our biochars are locally made using traditional style Japanese cone kilns, pyrolised at temperatures of 500-700oC, for a clean burn, ensuring the integrity of the carbon (platelet) product and removal of resins and volatiles.
Global Biochar Market is branched into different product types, applications, and major geographical zones. Further Biochar Market research report contains Company profiles of top manufacturers, their information, sales revenue, annual revenue, sales volume, and consumer volume is also specified. Major highlights of the Biochar Market report include market perceptions such as import/export details, market overview, end customers/users of the Biochar industry, market performance and cost of the product.
Regional classification of the Global Biochar Market research report:
Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, Middle East and Africa are the major regions of the globe involved in Biochar research report. Global Biochar Market in European regions covers Germany, France, Italy, UK, Russia and Spain that will show a colossal growth in the Biochar market over next five years. Global Biochar Market in Asia-Pacific regions covers Japan, China, India, China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Due to the progressive technology used in North American countries including the United States, Canada and Mexico there will be a drastic increase in the Biochar market share and Biochar market revenue. Global Biochar Market in Latin American countries comprise of Argentina and Brazil whereas the Middle East and Africa include Saudi Arabia, South Africa.
Concluding part of the report provides numerous traders, contributors involved in the Biochar industry along with research discoveries, results, data source and postscript.
The Truth Journalism is designed to provide the best and most penetrating research news required to all commercial, industrial and profit-making ventures in any sector of online business. We take pride in our ability to satisfy the market research needs of both domestic and international businesses.
The report titled “Global Biochar Market 2017 Industry, Analysis, Research, Share, Growth, Sales, Trends, Supply, Forecast to 2025.” This is a comprehensive report incorporating a detailed and professional evaluation of the current state of the market. The study has been compiled by gathering information from reliable sources, by conducting a number of interviews with top industry experts, and by consulting various press releases, whitepapers, and databases.
Biochar is a fine-grained carbon-rich product obtained by a heating organic material such as wood, manure or leaves under conditions of no oxygen. Biochar can enhance soils, sequester carbon as well as provide useable energy. Biochar also has tendency to filter and retain nutrients from percolating soil water.
Global Biochar Market to grow at a CAGR of +14.03% during Forecast Period.
The report offers a fundamental overview of the Global Biochar Market. It includes definitions, product specifications, classification, and applications of the global market. The study also comprises an industry chain analysis and an industry overview of the major regions and their status in the global market.
In addition, Biochar Market attractiveness according to country, end-user, and other measures is also provided, permitting the reader to gauge the most talented or commercial areas for investments. The report also provides a detailed synopsis of the competitive scenario, wherein complete business profiles of some of the prime companies in the market are included. The intensity of rivalry in the market, threat of new players, entry obstacles for new competitive, and areas of development based on earlier data about popular approaches observed in the past few years are also inspected in detail.
The report states an outline of the Global Biochar Market in terms of solution and end use. The report also provides import and export and consumption data along with price, cost, gross margin, and revenue according to the major regions. The regions in focus in this report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Other minor regions are also studied in the report.
The next segment of the report provides a framework for the technical data and manufacturing data. Further adding to the analysis, the study also details the capacity, revenue, production, and growth of the major regional markets. The study provides an in-depth summary of the various types of modeling techniques, stating their cost of production and growth prospects.
The report further puts focus on the leading players in the Global Biochar Market. It sheds light on the company profiles, along with product specifications and pictures, cost, price, capacity, and contact information. The analysis of the upstream raw materials value chain, equipment, and downstream customers is provided in the report. The marketing channels, as well as the industry trends, have also been analyzed.
In the last sections of the report, the manufacturers responsible for increasing the sales in the Biochar Market have been presented. These manufacturers have been analyzed in terms of their manufacturing base, basic information, and competitors. In addition, the technology and product type introduced by each of these manufacturers also form a key part of this section of the report.
Biochar Production From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes and Microbial Interactions
11 December, 2017
Solid Waste Management
The burning of crop residues is a major source of pollution in many countries resulting not only in a loss of soil nutrients but also in increases in greenhouse gas emissions and production of particulates that can be toxic. Many state and national governments have banned in-field burning (e.g., in China) and these bans are enforced at a cost of millions of dollars each year. A new strategy has been proposed to convert these residues and wastes into energy and a valuable product (biochar) that can be used for a range of applications. Since 2010 over 2000 peer-reviewed papers have been published on this topic but very little commercialization of biochar products and technology has taken place. This chapter will explore recent innovations in the production and application of engineered or enhanced biochars (EB) and their effect on microbial populations and plant yield. It builds on the work studying and manipulating the micro- and nanostructure of EB to provide a range of properties that improve its effectiveness. It also provides case studies that have carried out financial analyses of the application of biochar.
Biochar Application
12 December, 2017
Essential Soil Microbial Ecology
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Soil SOS
12 December, 2017
Tillage blackens soil. There are immediate benefits, for tillage warms and dries soil to prepare for planting. Later perks? Not so much. Each tillage pass slashes through soil aggregates and breaks soil structure. Soil also gets thrown out of balance as it loses its structure and moves away from native prairie state.
Since the prairies were first plowed, soil carbon stocks have decreased by 40% to 50%, says Catherine Stewart, a USDA-ARS research soil scientist. Soil carbon is a component of soil organic matter, which consists of plant and soil animal materials in various stages of decomposition. The basis of soil fertility is organic matter. Under ideal conditions, soil microbes can release nutrients like nitrogen to crops. Lost soil organic matter decreases both nutrient cycling and habitat for soil microbes.
Carbon is also critical for soil function. It keys a soil’s water-holding capacity, plays a role in forming soil aggregates, and reduces erosion. Managing soil carbon can also enhance productivity and environmental quality.
“Soil carbon is really important,” explains Stewart. “If there’s one thing you can do for your soil, you should try to increase your soil carbon.”
Be patient. At best, efforts to boost soil carbon will take at least five years to show benefits. Benefits could even take 15 to 20 years, says Stewart. Still, carry on. Adopting no-till will increase your carbon stock, earthworms, and soil life. It’s a long-term investment, she says.
“We’ve known for a long time that no-till does great things for carbon levels,” says Stewart. “We’re losing tons of soil due to erosion through tillage. No-till helps to make soil more resilient.”
“Erosion is a huge problem in our region,” says Abbey Wick, North Dakota State University (NDSU) soil health specialist. In 2014, David Hopkins, an associate professor at NDSU and Brandon Montgomery, a graduate student, conducted a study throughout eastern North Dakota where topsoil depths were sampled and compared with samples collected from those exact locations before the 1960s.
The results were staggering. The scientists found there had been a loss of up to 15 inches of topsoil in the last 50 years. “We’ve lost between 1.2% to 2.5% soil organic matter during that time,” says Hopkins.
To compound the issue, topsoil is the part of the soil that has the most carbon, says Stewart.
“The subsoil material that has lower fertility and contains the salts that can cause issues with crop production in our region is much closer to the surface than it used to be,” says Wick. “This creates challenges. When topsoil is lost, your soil also loses the ability to respond to extreme weather events.”
To mitigate these losses, you can take the following three management steps.
“These beneficial practices are difficult to generalize,” says Stewart. “These practices are likely to work, but there are situations where, from an economic perspective, they may not work. It’s going to be important to think outside of the box.”
The more you can get your soil back to a native system, the better off your soil will be. “There are trade-offs,” explains Stewart. “In some cases, there are yield hits. Even with continuous no-till, it may still not be yielding quite the same. The devil’s in the details.”
There’s no shortcut to increase the health of your soil. The safest bet, though, is to do as much as you can with a single pass, cover the soil, and minimize disturbance, she says.
There are developing technologies that may potentially assist farmers as they strive to boost the health of their soils. Below is one of these.
An engineered biocarbon technology, used in Cool Terra and developed by Cool Planet, is one option for farmers looking to increase soil carbon. It has the ability to boost crop yields and provide environmental benefits by sequestering carbon and improving soil health, says Wes Bolsen, head of global business development and external affairs for Cool Planet.
“Biochar, which is a raw input material, has had mixed results,” explains Bolsen. “It’s a cooked-down biomass to a stable form of carbon, and it’s put back into the soil.”
Biochar, unlike engineered biocarbon technology, is not posttreated. “By engineering the biochar, we make it more useable and valuable for agriculture,” he says. “That’s why biochar hasn’t been widely adopted. We don’t even call our product biochar.”
Cool Planet cleans, or posttreats, the biochar by adjusting the pH, flipping it from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and removing hydrocarbon residues and other toxins. It’s engineered to a specified consistency and size.
“Farmers demand consistency. They want it to look, handle, and act the same every time,” says Bolsen. “Then they want to know the technical side of it as well, such as, what it does, how it works, and the application rate. With this, we can confidently provide those answers.”
“We’ve put carbon back in the soil with engineered biocarbon technology to promote microbial life through soil organic carbon that stays in the soil,” says Bolsen. “It has the half-life of roughly 400 years, which means it’s truly sequestered carbon being put back in the soil. Its porosity and utility promote microbial life and hold on to moisture and nutrients that remain plant-available.”
This is a stable form of carbon, he says.
“Think of it as a home for the microbes to live,” says Bolsen. “It’ll provide water and nutrients to those microbes.”
This differs from just adding compost or additional soil organic matter that quickly decomposes to the soil. “We’re putting a long-lasting structure back into the soil and increasing crop productivity,” he says.
He sees a future where engineered biocarbon technology would not only increase carbon in soil but also be a carrier of microbes to the soil. That’s what they’re working on today.
For corn, soybeans, and wheat, Cool Terra can be applied with the seed. In the past, Cool Planet was focused in specialty crops. However, through distributors, it is available for production ag at the commodity crop level. For row crops, industry pricing is around $11 to $15 per acre for applications made at the time of seeding, varying by soil type and application rate.
“Engineered biocarbon technology can be another tool in the toolbox,” says Bolsen. “There are cover crops, crop rotation, and other ways to build soil organic matter and increase soil health. This is going to be another tool for rebuilding soil.”
The agriculture industry has been innovative, and solutions in other markets have become fruitful. Phytelligence, an ag tech start-up, developed a system of growing fruit, nut trees, and berries in a gel.
The average root-to-fruit process takes 10 to 12 years. Phytelligence has cut that time in half. It’s able to supply orchards with fruit-producing plants in a mere five years, while reducing risk of disease and increasing water efficiency.
The traditional growing process for fruit trees starts at a rootstalk nursery. The nursery prepares these trees. The rootstalks are harvested after four to five years and stored in cold storage before they ship to a finished tree nursery. At this nursery, the tree is grown for another one to two years and the buds from the desired variety are grafted to the tree. Then, the tree, after another one to two years, is removed one last time and placed in cold storage before being sent to the orchard.
The Phytelligence process, called MultiPHY, starts with the virus-free material in custom-formulated initiation gel. It’s then transferred to multiplication gel, then shoot-elongation gel, and then transferred to a custom-formulated rooting gel. Finally, the plants are placed in rooting sterile potting mix. Within five years, the trees are delivered to the orchard.
“We develop the gel for each variety,” explains Dhingra. “We can produce millions of trees in one to two years.”
Because the plants are grown in a controlled environment, they aren’t exposed to the soil pathogens that cause disease.
The use of this nutrient-rich, gel-based process reduces the need for pesticides and fungicides during the production of starter trees while being more energy efficient and water saving, he says.
“Our process reduces the risk for the farmer,” says Dhingra.
Will this technology directly impact row-crop production? He isn’t so sure, though there are hypothetical situations where it would work in theory, he says.
Should there ever be a disease that affects row-crop plants during germination, the seed could germinate in the gel before planting.
That, however, seems far-fetched at this point, Dhingra says. Yet, in a world with limited amounts of arable land and an expanding population, these technologies may play a larger role in the future, he says.
Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks
12 December, 2017
Co-gasification of pine and oak biochar with sub-bituminous coal in carbon dioxide
12 December, 2017
Pine and oak biochars derived as byproducts of demonstration-scale pyrolysis, and blends of these two feedstocks with Powder River Basin coal, were gasified in a carbon dioxide environment using a modified drop tube reactor (MDTR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The impact of gasification temperature on conversion kinetics was evaluated from the temporal evolution of major product gases in the MDTR as measured using a mass spectrometer. Random pore modeling was conducted to simulate gasification in the MDTR with favorable results. The MDTR and TGA were used to conduct gasification for assessment of non-linear additive effects in the blends. Additive analysis of the blends showed deviation from the experimental blend results, indicating inhibiting effects of co-gasifying the biochar and coal. Inhibitory effects are more significant for oak than pine and more pronounced in the TGA at lower gasification temperatures. Results are discussed in the context of feedstock and reactor type.
SHACKLEY, SIMON (EDT)/ RUYSSCHAERT
Biochar research paper
12 December, 2017
Essay Store.
After the fire, charcoal goes against the grain, with the flow
12 December, 2017
Masiello is an expert on how carbon behaves in soil, and she noticed a vexing problem in both the scientific literature and findings from her lab: Charcoal is abundant in soil, particularly in fertile regions like Europe’s breadbasket and America’s Corn Belt, but while it’s clear that most soil charcoal came from wildfires, it wasn’t at all clear why it stayed there so long or how it got into the soil after a fire.
In a newly published study in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Masiello and colleagues, including current and former graduate students Lacey Pyle and Kate Magee, analyzed soil samples collected after the fire and found that charcoal behaved very differently from other forms of soil carbon as the land rebounded from the fire.
“We looked at all forms of carbon in the soil, both immediately after the fire and over a two-year period, and we found that it became more evenly distributed over time, which is a sign that the land was returning to its baseline state,” Masiello said.
“Charcoal behaves exactly the opposite. It’s distribution became more patchy over time, and we think that’s because it’s buoyant and gets moved by water and concentrated in low places on the landscape.”
Masiello said it was not a surprise that charcoal was buoyant. In fact, the research team had specifically chosen flat research sites because previous studies had shown that soil carbon tended to migrate downhill over time. The surprise was the extent to which charcoal from the fire had become concentrated, even in the absence of notable topographic relief.
“It was redistributed on the landscape pretty effectively,” said Pyle, the lead author of the study. “Rather than staying where it was initially deposited, it had a tendency to move horizontally across the landscape. The total contents of charcoal in our study sites didn’t change that drastically over the time period, but where we were finding it changed quite a bit.”
Charcoal’s benefits as a soil amendment are fourfold: It reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide and pollution, improves crop productivity, allows agriculture in areas with marginal soils and makes soil more resilient to both drought and flooding.
In 2008, Masiello and study co-author William Hockaday, then at Rice and presently at Baylor University, began seriously studying soil charcoal after winning a $10,000 prize in the city of Houston’s “Recycle Ike” contest in the wake of Hurricane Ike. The storm left 5.6 million cubic yards of fallen trees, broken branches and dead greenery in Houston, and Rice’s team took first place in the contest with their plan to convert the wood into biomass charcoal, or “biochar,” for use as a CO2-trapping soil amendment.
“More carbon in soil is good, and as we think about ways to stabilize and increase soil carbon inventory, charcoal is an obvious option,” Masiello said.
To get the most benefit from biochar, Masiello said, scientists and land managers need to better understand the fate and transport of soil charcoal, and studying naturally occurring soil charcoal is a great way to gain that understanding.
“We know that lots of carbon in soil is old,” she said, adding that the ages of soil charcoal measured with radiocarbon dating “suggest that it’s hard to decompose. But when we bring it into the lab, it turns out it’s not that hard to decompose.”
The findings from the wildfire study offer a new clue as to how naturally occurring charcoal can remain stable for long periods of time, Masiello said.
“It’s possible that the mobility of charcoal on the landscape and it’s tendency to become concentrated in low-lying spots could make it more likely the charcoal from wildfires becomes buried and incorporated deep in soils and that these deposits act as a kind of charcoal reservoir that releases charcoal into the soil over long time spans.”
The report offers a detailed overview of the global Biochar market covering key factors such as drivers and restraints impacting the growth. The global market for Biochar is segmented on the basis of manufacturers, product type, Biochar applications, and regions. In addition to this, the Biochar report also forecasts market based on dominating market trends, current market conditions, and Biochar growth aspects.
Initially, the report on the global Biochar market presents a complete scenario covering product/service description, future market trends, and Biochar market dynamics. Additionally, the report focuses on the lucrative opportunities available in the global Biochar industry along with probable risk associated with it. The Biochar report is prepared to provide a clear and precise overview of the Biochar industry statistics and market estimates.
The report on the global Biochar industry offers a crucial information to all market participants of Biochar, who want to grow exponentially in the near future. An extensive study of the global Biochar market will help the existing market players as well as new entrants to study Biochar market and understand market dynamics. This Biochar report discusses some of the leading players operating in the global Biochar industry and key strategies adopted by them. It also sheds light on the recent developments in the Biochar market competitive landscape.
Section 1: This section covers the global Biochar market overview, including the basic market introduction, market analysis by its type, applications, and regions. The major regions of the global Biochar industry include North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle-East and Africa. Biochar industry statistics and outlook (2012-2022) is presented in this section. Biochar market dynamics states the opportunities, key driving forces, market risk are studied.
Section 2: This section covers Biochar manufacturers profile based on their business overview, product type, and application. Also, the sales volume, Biochar product price, gross margin analysis, and Biochar market share of each player is profiled in this report.
Section 3 and Section 4: These sections present the Biochar competition based on sales, revenue, and market share of each manufacturer. It also covers the Biochar market scenario based on regional conditions. Region-wise Biochar sales and growth (2012-2017) is studied in this report.
Section 5 and Section 6: These two sections cover the North America and Europe Biochar industry by countries. Under this the Biochar revenue, market share of the countries like USA, Canada, and Mexico are provided.
Section 7, Section 8 and Section 9: These 3 sections covers Biochar sales revenue and growth in all the regions. Under these regions Biochar report covered, the growth and sales in these regions are illustrated in this Biochar industry report.
Section 10 and Section 11: These sections depict the Biochar market share, revenue, sales by product type and application. The Biochar sales growth seen during 2012-17 is covered in this report.
Section 12 and Section 13: These sections provide forecast information related to Biochar market (2017-2022) for each region. The sales channels includes direct and indirect Biochar marketing, traders, distributors, and development trends are presented in this report.
Section 14 and Section 15: In these sections Biochar market key research findings and conclusion, research methodology, and data sources are covered.
Thus, the global Biochar report presents a complete scenario of the market covering all the vital factors.
Sumana Oza has been into market research industry for last 5 years. She has a keen interest and deep knowledge of research industry. She worked as an Research Analyst in GlobeMertix. Her goals in life are simple — to stay happy, healthy and to keep writing as long as she possibly can.
Global Biochar Market Analysis 2011-2017 and Forecast 2018-2023
12 December, 2017
Let our analyst help you with a customized solution for your market research needs
Use of magnetic biochars for the immobilization of heavy metals in a multi-contaminated soil
13 December, 2017
Publication date: 1 May 2018Source:Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 622–623 Author(s): H.P. Lu, Z.A. Li, G. Gascó, A. Méndez, Y. Shen, J. Paz-Ferreiro Modified biochars, including magnetic biochars, have been tested in water for the removal of inorganic pollutants. However, at present it is unknown if they possess benefits over conventional biochar materials in relation to land remediation. A paddy soil was collected near Liantang village in Lechang Pb-Zn mine area in Guangdong Province (China). The soil was polluted with Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, with total contents of 1.4mg/kg, 80mg/kg, 1638mg/kg and 2463mg/kg, respectively. We prepared magnetic and conventional biochar from two feedstocks (poultry litter and Eucalyptus) at a temperature of 300 and 500°C. A sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals and a phytotoxicity test using rice were performed. Acid-soluble Cd in soils amended with PLB was 8 to 10% lower than in the control polluted soil. This figure was 27 to 29% for acid-soluble Zn and 59 to 63% for acid-soluble Cu. In some cases, differences were found between the heavy metal fractionation in samples amended with magnetic and conventional biochars. Plant biomass was unaffected by most treatments, but increased by 32% in the treatments containing magnetic poultry litter biochar. Our study shows that a careful choice of feedstock is of utmost importance for successful containment of heavy metals in a multi-contaminated mining area soil. An appropriate choice of feedstock (in the case of this study poultry litter vs. eucalyptus) was more determinant with respect to the mobility of pollutants than altering pyrolysis temperature or modifying surface properties through magnetization. However, surface modification through magnetization can have a significant impact on plant yield and offer comparative advantages in the management of some degraded landscapes.
Listening to a webinar on Agriculture & Climate Change Adaptation hosted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, I was at once enlightened and yet disheartened. Sadly biochar received nary a mention. To fill the void, allow me to present my perspective on how biochar can help not only with climate change adaptation but also with climate mitigation.
Mitigation comes in two basic flavors: reducing and rebalancing. The vast majority of interest and investment seems to focus on reducing; i.e. lowering current emissions of various greenhouse gases (GHGs). There are many, many ways to do this but using less energy and/or using cleaner energy (e.g. solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, etc.) are amongst the most common recommendations. Reducing is absolutely critical to mitigating the worst forecasts, but it is far from sufficient. Rebalancing is perhaps even more important. Rebalancing means shifting excess atmospheric CO2 back from whence it came: terra firma (I will leave the discussion on ocean sequestration and release to others).
Biochar can help on the reduction side in a variety of ways. Renewable energy in the form of heat, which can be converted into electricity, is created during the production of biochar. Sometimes a portion of this heat is used for drying feedstock prior to carbonization, but the vast majority of it is available to displace fossil fuel derived energy.
Further on the reduction side, we can look to fertilizer use, especially Nitrogen (N), which comes with a particularly heavy carbon footprint both on the energy-intensive production side, but even more so on the application front. Excessive N use is rampant around the world as farmers desperately try to maximize annual yield in soils long since exhausted of inherent nutrients. Microbes convert nitrogen into nitrous oxide (N2O) which is 300x more devastating to the climate than CO2. Biochar blended with either organic nutrients (e.g. manure, urine, compost) or with synthetic fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer needed as it provides a bonding structure for the nutrients that slowly releases them and prevents unwanted leaching into groundwater or as GHG into the atmosphere.
Biochar can also reduce methane (CH4) emissions from at least two significant sources: bovines and rubbish. The world’s 1.5 billion cows as well as other livestock belch out an alarming amount of CH4, a GHG 25 to 80 times more potent than CO2. In the US, livestock is the 2nd highest source of CH4 emissions after Natural Gas. Research has shown that adding biochar to livestock feed can materially reduce enteric methane emissions as well as provide other health benefits to animals. It can also serve as a low cost delivery mechanism for getting biochar into soils (via manure). Similarly research has shown that biochar used at landfills, either as daily cover or as part of a capping material when landfills are retired, can also reduce CH4 emissions.
Biochar can also reduce significantly emissions by diverting organic materials from going to landfills, which represent the 3rd largest source of CH4 emissions in the US. Carbonization minimizes biomass volume by 75 – 90% depending on the production parameters. In the right circumstances, this can reduce transportation tremendously and it can also prevent CH4 from being generated at landfills in the first place.
On the rebalancing front, biochar can help mitigate climate change in two critical ways: by boosting photosynthesis and by interrupting or massively slowing down the normal carbon cycle. Using biochar to plant trees or crops has shown that plant survival and growth are improved which can boost overall photosynthetic activity. The CO2 absorbed by plants is stored until they die and then it normally decomposes back into CO2 and re-enters the carbon cycle. However, if the trees or plants are converted into long lived products (e.g. furniture) or carbonized into biochar, the natural carbon cycle is interrupted. When biomass is carbonized, up to 50% of the carbon absorbed during the tree or plants lifetime is converted into stable carbon and if the resulting biochar is put in the soil or embedded in other long-lived products (e.g. building materials), it will not return to the atmosphere for many centuries. This is an example of what is commonly referred to as carbon sequestration.
Adaptation focuses on strategies that can be employed to deal with the impacts currently being experienced as a result of climate change. A growing number of adaptation strategies are being employed from relocation of populations impacted by rising seas, to changes in planting schedules and/or crop types, to improved drainage or more successful integrated pest management. As with mitigation, biochar can help adapt to the impacts of climate change in a variety of ways, a sampling of which are provided here.
Climate change is wreaking havoc on global food security. Droughts, floods and storms are both more common and more fierce. Increased heat, disease and land degradation are amongst the other threats to food security, compliments of climate change. Biochar can help improve crop yields, plant resistance to pests and pathogens and retain water longer in areas prone to droughts, all of which will help to build more resilient food production systems. Biochar also helps reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation which, in an increasingly water constrained world, is critical. Some research is showing that it can help to recharge and filter ground water supplies which can lead to healthier crops and improved human health.
Storm water management is becoming enormously crucial especially in flood-prone areas. Biochar is being successfully used as a strategy to manage urban stormwater from Seattle to Stockholm, but can also be used by farmers in drainage ditches or potentially in lieu of expensive tiles, and by gardeners and home owners in rain gardens.
Fierce and frequent fires such as those swallowing up Southern California at the moment threaten lives and landscapes. Drought is turning trees to tinder and invasive species bring unwanted biomass which also increases the risk of wildfires. Biochar made from beetle-kill pines is underway in places like Colorado and teams of volunteers in Oregon have been thinning vast amounts of brush to reduce fuel loads (more info here).
Communities that have suffered devastating impacts of hurricanes or monsoons could, as I’ve noted before, greatly benefit from biochar in many ways. From dealing with debris to generating desperately needed power to remediating toxified soils and replanting ravaged perennials, biochar can help rebuild and regenerate.
Some biochar scenarios straddle both mitigation and adaptation. These include its use in regenerative agriculture which focuses on building soil fertility and increasing biodiversity; reforestation or afforestation; and urban agricultural practices such as green roofs and tree establishment.
This is far from an exhaustive accounting of biochar’s benefits when it comes to climate change mitigation and adaptation but it should provide the reader with an overview of biochar’s unmatched usefulness and versatility.
Best short intro to biochar in existence, well compiled, great chart!
Thanks so much Doug. Glad you liked it!
Excellent blog, well done. With explanations and comments like that the B word is hopefully becoming common knowledge and the sooner the better
the Biochar Journal – published by ithaka institute for carbon intelligence
The research review on “Global Biochar Market” 2017 targets the current as well as forthcoming features of the Biochar industry. This includes key trends, Biochar segmentation analysis, and recent industry statistics. The Biochar report further covers the extensive analysis of the upcoming progress of the Biochar market. The Biochar study presents different factors on which the vendors compete in the worldwide Biochar market. Biochar report analyzes the market size of the major Biochar players in every region around the world. It represents the Biochar market data in a transparent and precise view.
World Biochar market study starts from the fundamental information and accelerates more to different important Biochar facts. The first section commences with Biochar introduction and followed by definition and Biochar types. The next part covers Biochar Market competition landscape based on revenue and Biochar growth rate. Further, it explains Biochar market types, applications, and price analysis. In addition, it describes Biochar market share and supply chain analysis along with Biochar company profiles. It includes globalization & trade together with Biochar distributors and customers.
After that, it illustrates Biochar import, export, consumption and Biochar consumption value by major countries. The report additionally covers Biochar forecast through 2022, key success factors and Biochar market overview. Moreover, it includes Biochar table of contents and figures that gives clear perspective about Biochar report. The report offers an in-depth outline of the key Biochar segments at intervals the market.
The Biochar report offers a close summary of the key segments of the market. The quickest and slowest growing Biochar market segments are lined during this report. This study covers the expansion prospects of the worldwide Biochar market based on end-users. It outlines the Biochar market shares of key regions in prime countries like (North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, South America, Middle East and Africa). It also includes analysis of the leading Biochar vendors in this market.
The study incorporates in-depth analysis of the Biochar market ecosystem and its impact on the revenue growth. The Biochar report then gives a meticulous understanding of the key new Biochar market opportunities in individual geographic regions/countries. Also, it describes detailed Biochar analysis of the significant strategies adopted by the major Biochar players. Moreover, it illustrates a Biochar granular analysis of the key factors is propelling the growth of the global Biochar market. It predicts which region will witness the strongest Biochar growth along with current scenario. Thus crucial information mentioned in the Biochar report helps in predicting the future scope of the Biochar market.
and mixed-feedstock biochars generated from wheat straw and basalt
15 December, 2017
Mixed-feedstock-biochars can increase both available soil organic matter (SOM) and inorganic nutrients, yielding a more valuable biochar for agricultural purposes. Since the agronomic benefits of biochar are dependent on its structural and physio-chemical characteristics, this study compares these properties for single- and mixed-feedstock-biochars using a range of analytical techniques. Six biochars were produced from wheat straw (Ws), and a combination of wheat straw and basalt (WsBs) at three pyrolysis temperatures, 450, 550 and 650 °C. The results showed that WsBs biochars contained higher ash contents, with considerably lower fixed carbon, volatile matter and electrical conductivity than the Ws biochars. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses revealed increases in the concentration of Si on the surface of wheat straw particles during processing. A layer of Si on the surface of the C matrix appeared to prevent further reactions between C-rich phases and some mineral phases (mainly Fe and Ca-rich regions) at 650 °C. Other mineral compounds, such as those rich in K and Na, were adsorbed to both C and Si-rich phases. Basalt incorporation into the wheat straw particles also catalysed new functionalities. Surface C-N-based functionalities (amides) were only detected in wheat straw biochars, whereas ammonium-based groups were found in the WsBs biochars. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, which were affected by both feedstock composition and pyrolysis temperature, appeared to be higher in the Ws biochars, with the highest concentrations found at 450 °C. The WsBs biochars contained greater concentrations of biopolymers and humic-like substances than the Ws biochars. These organic fractions would increase the availability of micro-nutrients, reduce ions leaching and promote soil strength and resistance to erosion following the biochar application.
Information About Biochar Production Equipment
15 December, 2017
Main content starts below.
Charcoal has long been popular, and depending upon where you are worldwide, this might be one of the most lucrative businesses that you determine up. Using pyrolysis machines, it really is easy to produce tons of biochar each year. You simply need to find the best supplier for such machines that is reputable, as well as offers reasonable prices for all of them.
Biochar machines have grown to be more usual. You are able to produce this material when you have an ample source of organic material including sawdust, or you may also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine that you simply purchase will likely be specifically designed for these materials. For those who have a sizable enough amount of it, you could discover yourself building a substantial income. You merely have to find someone who is happy to purchase it. If you are in an area where biochar is in high demand, you will likely be unable to make enough to keep up with the orders. By searching online, you will find a number of different businesses that produce these machines annually. You might be able to get yourself a fantastic deal, especially on older models.
How Do Biochar Machines Work?
Biochar making machines or plants are extremely unique in their design. Initially, there exists a conveyor belt that will consider the material that has been chipped up, sending it in the pyrolysis reactor. Within the reactor, this material will be superheated until it begins to break up. It will not burn because every one of the oxygen has become removed. The process will likely create a few other byproducts. You will find yourself with bio oil and biofuel. These materials have been in a vapor form which can condense right into a liquid form which may also be sold to individuals which use the products.
How To Get Excellent Deals On Biochar Machines
You can search on the net for many different businesses that sell them. You will likely see several within the Orient which often get the lowest prices and machines. They are industry leaders, responsible for most pyrolysis plants and machines that happen to be sold worldwide. They could be small enough for businesses that use a limited source of materials to process. You may also invest in large pyrolysis plants that can produce plenty of this material on a daily basis. The biggest companies generally have the most effective prices and that is where you will be in order to save the most money.You can click here: mswrecyclingplant.com to know more.
This information about biochar production equipment should supply you with a few tips on where to start seeking these machines. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or an continuous pyrolysis plant, you will realize several available. If you absolutely have a good amount of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you should put money into one of these brilliant as soon as you can. This will be a really lucrative part of your organization, although you may have never used one before.
UI researcher honored for clean water innovations
15 December, 2017
Capital Press
Published on December 15, 2017 9:27AM
Last changed on December 15, 2017 9:33AM
University of Idaho researcher Greg Moller has been elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors for his innovative work to clean wastewater.
An environmental chemist and toxicologist, Moller works to lessen the environmental footprint of communities and businesses by developing filters to remove pollutants, including phosphorus and nitrogen, from wastewater.
He holds six patents, which are licensed to industry, and has three patents pending final approval. His filter systems now treat billions of gallons of wastewater a year across the U.S. and in Great Britain and South Korea.
Moller said he is humbled to be included with such a distinguished group of individuals.
Along with the honorary distinction, the fellowship recognizes research that solves problems, gets innovation into the marketplace and generates economic activity, he said.
Moller is preparing to take his newest technology — the University of Idaho Clean Water Machine — to Canada to test its effectiveness in treating agricultural runoff water from the Holland Marsh near Toronto.
The technology is being developed by Moller and University of Idaho soil scientist Dan Strawn and mechanical engineer Martin Baker. The team is among 10 semifinalists in the Everglades Foundation’s $10 million George Barley Water Prize competition, an incentive for developing cost-effective technology to remove phosphorus from fresh water.
“The new norm in many of the impact sites is large algae blooms that have toxic impacts on aquatic systems,” Moller said.
The pilot test in Canada is the university team’s third stage of a four-stage challenge in the Barley Prize competition.
The Holland Marsh is the salad bowl of Canada with high agricultural production. It is triangulated by Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario. The Great Lakes account for 21 percent of the fresh water on earth, he said.
The three-month field trial will begin in mid-February to address the huge runoff that occurs with the spring melt to try to remove and recover nutrients and aid the agricultural community, he said.
“The regional problem is an overabundance of phosphorus leaving the fields into drainage canals and feeding into the Great Lakes,” he said.
The technology
The Clean Water Machine is a mobile research unit on the back of a 40-foot trailer. It can process 21,000 gallons of water a day. Commercial partner installations of earlier versions of the technology process more than 15 million gallons a day, Moller said.
The university team is working to establish a water-filter platform modeled on nature for how soil cleans water, he said.
It addresses highly contaminated water from urban, suburban and agricultural systems to keep those systems from releasing pollutants into surface water for a smaller environmental impact.
Inputs for the process are simple — water, air, sand, rust, electricity and charcoal. The filter is able to strip out many contaminants of concern, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals, which current wastewater processes do not address very well, he said.
The charcoal used is called biochar, which is carbonized matter recovered from biofuel production, Strawn said.
Research has shown adding biochar to soil is beneficial. The process recovers phosphorus and nitrogen. The biochar can then be used in agricultural systems, he said.
It often increases plant production and decreases the amount of water needed by plants because it increases the soil’s water-holding capacity, he said.
The whole system is an interesting convergence of several ideas of sustainability. It’s a multi-tool approach, which is where progress in sustainability will be made, he said.
Water treatment and nutrient recycling reduce costs, and practices that are economically sustainable are more likely to be implemented and make it into agricultural systems and water-treatment processes, he said.
With this filtration system, agriculture would be able to participate in pollution credit programs, he said.
Next year, the team also plans to test the technology’s ability to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waters in Idaho’s Treasure Valley and the Boise Basin.
A couple of years ago, the team started testing the filter system on dairy lagoon water at the university’s research dairy in Moscow. That research, aimed at recovering nutrients in the wastewater and recovering water for reuse, is ongoing.
The results thus far show the technology has the potential to do that, Moller said.
Moller has received numerous research and teaching awards, including the Water Environment Federation’s Harrison Prescott Eddy Medal for vital contributions to water research and a national excellence in teaching award from the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities and USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
His team’s technologies were also cited in the list of “25 Innovations that Change the World” by the Association of University Technology Managers.
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Biochar Solutions
15 December, 2017
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Effect of Biochar on Bio-electrochemical Dye degradation and Energy Production
16 December, 2017
The effect of coconut shell biochar on dye degradation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated in the present study. Two different doses of biochar (0.5 g and 1 g) and one control without bio-char were studied. The highest COD removal efficiency was about 77.7% (0.5 g biochar), maximum current (1.07 mA) and voltage (722 mV) were obtained with 1 g biochar. Biofilm optical microscopy characterization revealed the micro colonies intricate plate-like structures. High adsorbent dosage might provide a high surface area for biofilm to generate electricity. BET results of coconut shell biochar showed the maximum surface area of 0.9669 m2/g and macroporosity (0.0032 cm3/g). The overall results highlighted the possibility of using biochar as an additive in MFC for efficient dye degradation.
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A study on mass optimization in pyrolysis unit for biochar production.
17 December, 2017
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Evaluation and Prediction of Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution by Phosphate-Modified …
18 December, 2017
What Is Biochar and How Can It Improve Your Cannabis Garden?
18 December, 2017
Biochar has been used for centuries, and it’s making a comeback in the past few decades among farmers. Created in a process known as pyrolysis, biochar is a carbon-rich charcoal soil amendment that may help to address some modern environmental …
Biochar is an emerging industry and the product is at its nascent stage. The product is expected to be a key factor for increasing agricultural productivity and crop yield in the near future. Its ability to enhance soil fertility and plant growth is expected to be a key factor on account of growing global population and rising demand for organic food.
Agriculture was the largest product category in 2015 and is expected to grow substantially over the forecast period. Farming was the major application segment in agriculture with a share of over 45% in 2015.
Application in agriculture segment is expected to observe the fastest growth over the next nine years with an estimated CAGR of around 13.4% from 2016 to 2025. Biochar is primarily used in agriculture to enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and provide crop nutrition. As a result, it, improves the overall productivity. It has also gained considerable popularity in livestock farming as an animal feed. The livestock sector is extremely crucial for biochar, especially in regions such as the North America and Europe where meat is important for human consumption.
Grand View Research, Inc. is a U.S. based market research and consulting company, registered in the State of California and headquartered in San Francisco. The company provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. To help clients make informed business decisions, we offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a range of industries, from technology to chemicals, materials and healthcare.
Information About Biochar Production Equipment
20 December, 2017
Charcoal happens to be popular, and based upon your location worldwide, this might be one of the more lucrative companies that you place up. Using pyrolysis machines, it is actually easy to produce plenty of biochar every year. You simply need to find a good supplier for such machines that is reputable, and also offers reasonable prices for these. Learn more here.
Where Should You Really Start Looking For Biochar Machines?
Biochar machines have become more prevalent. You are able to produce this material if you have an ample availability of organic material for example sawdust, or you might also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine that you simply purchase will be created specifically of these materials. For those who have a sizable enough number of it, you could see yourself building a substantial income. You merely have to find somebody that is willing to buy it. When you are in an area where biochar is on the go, you will likely not be able to make enough to keep up with the orders. By searching on the net, you can find a number of different companies that produce these machines annually. You could possibly have a fantastic deal, especially on older models.
Just How Do Biochar Machines Work?
Biochar machines or plants are incredibly unique inside their design. Initially, there is a conveyor belt which will use the material which has been chipped up, sending it in to the pyrolysis reactor. Throughout the reactor, this material is going to be superheated until it begins to break down. It will not burn because all the oxygen continues to be removed. The method will also create a few other byproducts. You can expect to find yourself with bio oil and biofuel. These materials have been in a vapor form which can condense in to a liquid form which can even be sold to individuals that utilize these products.
Getting Great Deals On Biochar Machines
You can look on the net for different companies that sell them. You will likely see several from the Orient which regularly get the lowest prices and machines. They are industry leaders, accountable for nearly all pyrolysis plants and machines which are sold worldwide. They can be sufficiently small for companies that have a limited source of materials to process. You can also purchase large pyrolysis plants that may produce tons of this material on a regular basis. The largest companies usually have the very best prices and that is in which you will be to conserve the most money.
These details about biochar production equipment should offer you a few ideas on how to start trying to find these appliances. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or even an entire pyrolysis plant, you will observe several available. If you absolutely have lots of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you should purchase one of these as soon as you can. This can be a really lucrative part of your company, even when you have never used one of those before.
If you’re running some type of waste plant, you must make sure you will be stocking that plant with all the best available machinery. You need to take the time to get the best automated waste segregation system available, and you need to also be sure that the rest of the machinery you get is reliable.
When you’re purchasing industrial machinery, famous brands can easily make a arena of difference. You must pay attention to the producer that produced the equipment. See what kind of reputation this manufacturer has.
Some manufacturers have negative reputations. They might not test their goods properly, or they may scrimp. Other manufacturers, however, have stellar reputations. You should make an effort to get a machine which had been created by a company having a track record of excellence. If you pick from them, you can rely that your particular machine can do everything that you desire it to do.
Get A Machine That’s An Excellent Fit For Your Requirements
There are all types of waste segregation machines available. Ultimately, the most effective machine to acquire is going to be the appliance which is a good fit for an individual such as you. Take into consideration how you are likely to be employing your machine. Try to look for a piece of equipment that suits all of your preferences.
If you’re will be with your machine with different styles of waste, you’ll want to locate a machine that is flexible. If you’re utilizing it with specific types of waste, a specialized machine could be best. Whatever you mind up buying, make sure that you get a machine that could handle all the tasks you throw its way.
Find A Machine Which Is An Easy Task To Maintain
Maintaining some industrial machinery will take a lot of time, also it can also cost lots of money. You won’t are interested to buy a high-maintenance machine if you can help it. You should attempt to purchase a machine that will be very easy to stay in excellent condition.
Learn what form of care a piece of equipment requires prior to decide on purchasing it. If a machine requires an unusual level of maintenance, you may want to pass on that machine and look for something else.
Keep An Eye Out For Warranties
When you’re setting up a significant purchase this way, a guarantee could only be a very good thing. Try to look for items that are under warranty. See what types of everything is contained in the warranty.
Ultimately, a guarantee is a type of protection. It’s nice to learn that you are currently protected, especially if you are making big, important purchases.
You shouldn’t make compromises if you are making important purchases like this. Instead, you should center on locating the best automatic waste segregation machine available to you. Should you buy the right machine, you will be able to use it effectively.
Will you use charcoal on a regular basis? If charcoal is something you buy frequently, you might want to begin to make your own personal charcoal. Producing charcoal in your own home is a lot easier than you might think. Here are one of the advantages of having a palm shell charcoal machine.
They’re Easy To Use
Many people avoid charcoal production equipment simply because they assume they are difficult to use. They think that they won’t be capable of use one of those machines by themselves.
However, palm shell machines are actually created to be easy to use. By trying using one of these brilliant machines, you’ll see how easy it is actually. A palm shell machine isn’t challenging to use whatsoever using something similar to this ought to be incredibly simple for yourself. You’ll be able to get started right away.
They Will Save You Money
These appliances are often very affordable several of the models in the marketplace today are economical. When you have a device such as this, it will help you to spend less consistently.
Take into consideration how often you acquire charcoal. Just how much does each bag cost? If you do the math, you’ll observe that you’re spending a lot of cash on charcoal. Instead of paying for your charcoal time and time again, you should begin making charcoal of your personal.
When you are someone that spends a lot of money on charcoal, a piece of equipment like this could be a great investment. The right charcoal machine could save you a lot of cash.
You May Turn Waste Into Charcoal
A lot of the things which you can use to make charcoal are actually waste. For instance, sawdust is often used to make charcoal. Using a charcoal making machine allows you to put this sort of waste to good use.
Rather than throwing such as sawdust away, you must seek out approaches to use it. Whenever you can turn all that sawdust into charcoal, you’ll be able to have another life.
They Produce High Quality Charcoal
Should you use your charcoal for grilling, you almost certainly want charcoal that meets high quality standards. That is something that you can get from the machine. When you make the charcoal yourself, you have more control over its quality.
Lots of charcoal that may be currently available is mass produced. People aren’t checking the charcoal for quality after they put it on store shelves. Once you make the own charcoal, you’ll have full control, and you will make certain it meets your standards.
As we discussed, there are numerous great top reasons to invest in a palm shell charcoal making machine. As you now determine what a unit like this can provide, you can discover if this sort of purchase meets your needs. If you plan to invest in a machine, you’ll be able to get lots of use out of it.
The procedure is easy it’s same to how alcohol is prepared. In case you heat the plastic spend in non oxygen atmosphere, it will melt, not burn. As soon as the plastics continues to be melted, it will start to boil and evaporate, you want to position the vapors by a cooling pipe even though cooled, these vapors will compress into a liquid and couple of the vapors with hydrocarbon lengths will stay as a gas. The cooling pipe exist might be going by a rubber having water to consider last liquid makes fuel leave gas only which can be then burned. Inside the cooling tube, if the cooling is enough, you’ll not any fuel in the bubbler, the lake is going to take the residual fuel that will float about the water surface and is poured off. Learn more here.
Heat the plastic:
For the cooling tube bottom you will find there’s steel reservoir which gathers the liquid and yes it has a release value hence how the liquid fuel could be dispensed out. This equipment perform on electricity directly into three phases, it includes 6 nichrome coils like heating elements and has a filled with 6KW. The coils are switched off and on through three strong state relays, one for each and every stage, the relays are restricted by way of a digital thermostat having a temperature sensor simply slight beneath the lid, therefore that the vapor temperature could be checked well. You wish to heat the plastic gradually as much as 350 degrees and wait until it performs orlando. These devices also includes a capacity of fifty litres and may take about thirty kilogram of shredded plastic.
Multifuel:
The method need approximately 4 hours, but the time length might be limited through tweaking the structure slightly. This creates a liquid fuel which is often availed as multifuel, that refers it can be applied to diesel engines and on gasoline engines, but nonetheless desire to check whether or not it work with gasoline. The device utilizes diesel engines simply good, which was tested already. There exists a variation in which kind of plastic you avail, if you avail polyethylene, plastic foil, plastic cans and all sorts of non break plastics, you will receive liquid fuel which will solidify when it cools, will still be acceptable for diesel engines if you avail a heated gas tank, due to reason it really wants to be heated simply approximately thirty degrees Celsius to be transparent and liquid.
Liquid fuel:
Unless you need that, you may also put the paraffin by the device again and you may chop the hydrocarbons smaller and many of the paraffin will change in to liquid fuel and a lot of them will remain like a paraffin, but denser and will melt at greater temperatures, this is the material you can prepare candles. However if you avail polypropylene, like printer cases, computer monitor cases, you will get out liquid fuel only and you will not find paraffin. Just filter the fuel and place it from the gas tank. Analysis has been given already and it is the perfect diesel fraction. It possesses no alkaline or acids inside it. You can get more information about the waste plastic to diesel plant here.
Ottawa kicks in $3.5 million to support Calgary area organizations promoting clean tech
20 December, 2017
Research institutions and firms developing potentially ground-breaking clean technologies and processes in the Calgary area have received $3.5 million from the federally run Western Economic Diversification Canada.
Five of the projects are focused on developing emissions reduction technologies and three are forums that promote Canadian clean technology companies at high-profile events.
Through the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, Canada will focus on creating and maintaining globally competitive Canadian businesses as it transitions to a low-carbon economy, Western Economic Diversification said in a statement. The global campaign against climate change is an economic opportunity to create jobs and meet the country’s climate change goals, it said.
The University of Calgary was the recipient of funding for two new projects. The first collected $400,000 to establish the Centre for Smart Emissions Sensing Technologies, which will result in the development of smart technologies to detect and quantify methane emissions in the oil and gas sector.
Identify opportunities and empower your strategic decision making with the Daily Oil Bulletin.
The second project was granted $314,500 to create an outdoor validation facility for demonstrating solar bio-technology that will produce renewable gas, renewable plastic, biochar and electricity.
Tecterra Inc., received $915,000 to invest in new equipment to expand GeoSpace, which will help companies to develop, test and commercialize clean, geospatial technology. GeoSpace is an equipment library open to tech companies for the development, testing and commercialization of geospatially powered clean-tech.
“We are grateful for this continued support, as access to cutting-edge equipment has proven to be extremely valuable for the small and innovative companies who otherwise couldn’t access the tools they need,” said Jonathan Neufeld, Tecterra chief executive officer. “As a result of this support, companies across the West will be able to accelerate the development and commercial success of their clean-tech.”
Biochar Market provides detailed analysis of Market Overview, Market Drivers, Opportunities, Potential Application. Also Biochar Industry research report includes the future impact of major drivers and challenges and, support decision makers in making cost-effective business decisions.
“Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.”
This report focuses on the Biochar in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
Global Granular Biochar Market Research 2017 presents the in-depth assessment of Granular Biochar Industry including a competitive analysis of top market players, Granular Biochar Business growth, consumption volume, Granular Biochar market drivers and restraints, future roadmap for the new beginner in planning their Granular Biochar business strategies. Furthermore, Granular Biochar Report includes analysis of market ups and downs of past five years and forecasts Granular Biochar sales investment information from 2017 to 2022.
The Granular Biochar Report maps the useful details which are based on Production region, Granular Biochar top manufacturers, product type and applications will Provide the Simplified view of Granular Biochar Industry. The significant presence of numerous regional and local vendors Granular Biochar market is hugely competitive. The Granular Biochar Report helps to acknowledge annual revenue of top leading players, Granular Biochar business methods, company profile and their beneficence to the Global Granular Biochar Market share. The Granular Biochar Research is attached to essential information such as graphs and tables to figure out new trends in the market.
Geographically, Granular Biochar Report is based on several topographical regions according to Granular Biochar import and export ratio of the region, production and consumption volume, Granular Biochar market share and growth rate of Granular Biochar Industry. Major regions impact on Granular Biochar business such as North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa.
The Key Players in Granular Biochar industry are expected to top on to these market opportunities to penetrate the global Granular Biochar market. Granular Biochar market size and revenue of top leading players is appraised using Bottom-up approach. In addition, Granular Biochar report Provides details about raw material analysis, Granular Biochar downstream buyers, development trends, Technical advancement in Granular Biochar business, demand and supply ratio will help emerging Granular Biochar players taking useful business decisions.
Lori Lobato is a content writer and SEO analyst at prudour since last five years. She has key interest and deep knowledge in market research. Before she started content writing she experimented with various occupations: computer programming, dog-training, scientificating… But her favorite job is the one she’s now doing full time writing romance. happy
project profile of chemical small scale plants
21 December, 2017
Equipment for chemical, petrochemical and gas processing industries. Swiss engineering company ENCE (ЭНЦЕ ГмбХ) together with its close-knit team …
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Cloudy. High 42F. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph..
Cloudy early then partly cloudy and windy overnight. Low 29F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph, becoming WNW and increasing to 20 to 30 mph.
The city of Roanoke and several organizations are working to save a large sycamore tree (right) located beside the Elmwood Park amphitheater stage.
Larry Carter uses an air spade to aerate the soil at Elmwood Park, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.
An air spade aerates the soil, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.
Kenny Harmon and Geoff Manning
aerate the soil at Elmwood Park to help amendments get deeper into the ground.
The city of Roanoke and several organizations are working to save a large sycamore tree (right) located beside the Elmwood Park amphitheater stage.
Larry Carter uses an air spade to aerate the soil at Elmwood Park, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.
An air spade aerates the soil, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.
Kenny Harmon and Geoff Manning
aerate the soil at Elmwood Park to help amendments get deeper into the ground.
Many positive things can happen in the name of urban development. New structures can increase arts and culture opportunities for a city’s residents; draw in tourists to contribute to the local economy; and offer a place for people to gather. These are just a few of the ways the renovated amphitheater in Elmwood Park has benefited the city of Roanoke for the past several years.
But, sometimes, things suffer in the name of progress. A prime example is the large sycamore tree situated just beside the stage at the amphitheater. This beautiful old tree was severely damaged during the installation of the stage, and while other trees there have been removed, this one has stood its ground.
A few years after the amphitheater’s 2013 grand opening — at which point many concerts and festivals had taken place there — Roanoke city tree inspector Jamie King said he noticed that the tree was suffering.
“There was progressive and significant dieback over the years,” King said. “The tree is losing branches and crown space at an alarming rate.”
As a tree advocate of sorts, King set out to save the sycamore, which he says has been in Elmwood Park for generations. He said he never attempts to put an exact age on a tree without proper testing, and in this case, such testing would damage the tree even further.
King estimates that the tree lost about 70 percent of its roots during the stage construction, which would be enough to kill a much younger tree.
Sycamores prefer to grow near water sources so they are typically found thriving near creeks and rivers. This particular tree was situated close to an underground spring, which was diverted during the construction to a localized treatment area to be used for the park’s water features. As a result, the tree lost its constant water source.
After some recent testing, King reached out to several partners to form a lifesaving plan for the sycamore. The Roanoke Tree Stewards, Downtown Roanoke Inc., Adam Braaten of Bartlett Tree Experts, Geoff Manning of Manning Arboriculture and Roanoke Parks and Recreation all banded together to carry out the plan.
The Tree Stewards helped collect soil samples and get them tested. Some of the other partners helped with funding the project. The city’s horticulturists agreed to remove the grass under the tree so more nutrients and water would go directly to the sycamore.
In addition to feeding the remaining roots, the group’s plan focuses on providing more moisture for the tree so it can survive without the underground spring. To that end, King, along with his fellow arborists and tree stewards, researched an organic amendment called bio-char that seems promising.
According to the International Bio-char Initiative, the bio-char is created through a “2,000-year-old practice [that] converts agricultural waste into a soil enhancer that can hold carbon, boost food security, and increase soil biodiversity, and discourage deforestation. The process creates a fine-grained, highly porous charcoal that helps soils retain nutrients and water.”
The team worked together to integrate the bio-char, along with compost, in a very specific, sunburst pattern designed to reach the tree’s damaged roots and nurse them back to health.
This treatment isn’t guaranteed to work, but even if the tree is lost, King has a pretty positive outlook.
“We have tried to preserve this tree because of its value, but in the long run, even if we lost it, we’ve still made a permanent change to the soil,” King said. If the sycamore dies, it could be replaced with a tree that would benefit from the improved soil.
The Tree Stewards have been working hard to care for all the trees in Elmwood Park. They have been taking cuttings of all the old trees so they will have replacements if any of them need to be taken down. These cuttings are rooted and used to grow a new tree, cloned from the original.
Our city trees are a valuable resource. Not only do they bring beauty to our landscapes, but they also clean carbon out of the air and release oxygen for us to breathe.
This group of unsung heroes has been working hard to keep our trees healthy and happy so we can enjoy the benefits for generations to come.
If you would like to become a Tree Steward and work on important projects like this, new classes will begin soon. The classes are free to attend and begin in January. Contact the Roanoke Parks and Recreation Urban Forestry Planner at 540-853-5225 or email [email protected] to add your name to the list.
The yellow-green tinged leaves of the spring countryside have turned into the blue-green foliage of summer. Also, the bright, blue skies of cooler days often are now hazy with heat, humidity, dust and pollution.
For birdwatchers, hunters, anglers. hikers and campers, this is often the best time of the year. The question isn’t “What is there to do?” but “What to leave out?” as people cram in as much as possible during these shortening days while also watching their favorite sports teams.
Nature is in full swing around us despite the short days and long nights of winter.
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23 December, 2017
We are happy to be a part of BIOCHAR 2021 project, taking the challenge of compost improving and creating new soil amendments that bring together the advantages of biochar and.. read more
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SIGMA — Imagine being in the paradise state, inside a condo on a beautiful day. I was there, in Hawaii, back when I was blond-haired. Now I still have three or four blond hairs left.
My dermatologist told me that, as a blue eyed, blond, fair-skinned person, I had a quota of sunshine hours in my life, and I had used most of them already. Taking his advice, I would come in during the middle of the day for several hours.
One fateful day, I returned inside, turned on the TV and caught a BBC documentary, Unnatural Histories: Amazon, which discusses terra preta, a soil-building method used in the Amazon. Being a soil geek, I instantly knew this would be good. By the end of the show, I was standing, mouth open, pointing at the tube. I was hooked on the topic. I had no idea then how important it really was.
The great secret hiding in plain sight is called biochar, a term that refers to converted biomass used to improve soil. Wider knowledge of biochar was just beginning take off then. Many others have also become hooked.
Bio refers to life, char to burned wood. Rediscovered by aerial photography, archaeology and soil science, its value became apparent. Terra preta, or dark earth, has been made for at least 8,000 years by indigenous people, according to a new book called Sacred Soil: Biochar and the Regeneration of the Earth.
Authors Robert Tindall, Frederique Apffel-Marglin and David Shearer use research to show how these soils are more fertile for longer periods than anything we do today. The use of biochar has also been found in other continents – also made by people long gone.
Fast forward to the present. Virginia Tech has done research on biochar in a controlled greenhouse setting. Dr. Ron Morse found as much as 40 percent increase in size and health in tomato plants. And Dr. Doris Hammil, a researcher from NASA Langley, was tasked with finding the most useful carbon sequestering process available today. Her answer, biochar, had no equal. I had the pleasure of seeing a presentation about her results at an event on the farm. The soil implications are vast.
The char part is made by a process called pyrolisis, or burning wood without oxygen. It ‘carbonises,’ becoming pure carbon, which can last for thousands of years.
It also becomes microscopically porous, which is important because it becomes the permanent home to those all-important microbes which make soil healthy and productive.
Microbes do the heavy lifting in soil development and nutrient cycling. This process may sound technical, but it is scalable to any farming or gardening situation. I make it at home using two barrels. After it is carbonized, I add it to an almost-finished compost pile where it absorbs the microbes.
It could and should be a part of a citywide management plan for dead and downed limbs and construction debris. Like composting, this would keep refuse out of the landfill while creating something of great value.
Other benefits can be added to a scaled up version as well. Electricity can be made, water heated or even buildings heated, to name a few.
The Amazon peoples were decimated by the European diseases left behind after the first voyage from Spanish explorers. So we can’t know every detail, but research being done suggests that they had a strong ethic of giving back to Mother Earth.
Those of you who are in a healthy relationship know this from your union: it is a 100 percent effort from both, not 50-50. Their own efforts or making new soil continuously rewarded them with a very prosperous civilization which lasted a long time. Terra preta soils remain healthy to this day.
I use a little biochar on every garden I build and every farm I work on, and I keep some on hand for sale as well.
With results pulled from ancient sites, NASA research facilities, Virginia Tech researchers and many other sources added all the time, I think its time to employ this remarkable soil restoration technique.
Wilson, a farmer and consultant who lives in Sigma, writes about sustainable agriculture for The Independent News. Reach him via [email protected].
Biochar kiln 55 gallon drum
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Fine Biochar Powder Market studied in New Research Application and Geography in New Research
26 December, 2017
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Details About Biochar Productio… | wasteenergy
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Charcoal has always been sought after, and based upon your local area on the planet, this can be among the more lucrative companies that you place up. Using pyrolysis machines, it is possible to produce a great deal of biochar each year. You simply need to find a good supplier for such machines which is reputable, and in addition offers good prices for all of them.
Where In The Event You Start Looking For Biochar Machines?
Biochar machines are becoming more widespread. It is possible to produce this product in case you have an adequate source of organic material like sawdust, or you could also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine which you purchase will probably be specifically designed of these materials. In case you have a sizable enough quantity of it, you could see yourself building a substantial income. You only must find someone who is willing to buy it. If you are inside an area where biochar is very popular, you will likely struggle to make enough to take care of the orders. By searching on the internet, you can get many different companies that produce these machines annually. You may be able to obtain a fantastic deal, especially on older models. You can click here: mswrecyclingplant.com to know more.
Just How Do Biochar Machines Work?
Biochar machines or plants are very unique inside their design. Initially, you will discover a conveyor belt which will take the material which has been chipped up, sending it in the pyrolysis reactor. Within the reactor, this product will be superheated until it starts to break up. It will not burn because every one of the oxygen has been removed. The procedure will likely create a few other byproducts. You will end up having bio oil and biofuel. These materials will be in a vapor form which can condense into a liquid form which can be sold to people which use these items.
How To Get Cheap Deals On Biochar Machines
You can look on the web for many different firms that sell them. You will likely see several inside the Orient which in turn have the best prices and machines. They can be industry leaders, accountable for the vast majority of pyrolysis plants and machines that happen to be sold worldwide. They are often small enough for firms that possess a limited availability of materials to process. Also you can put money into large pyrolysis plants that can produce a great deal of this product on a daily basis. The biggest companies generally have the very best prices and that is that you will look to save as much as possible.
This data about biochar production equipment should supply you with a few tips on how to begin trying to find these appliances. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or an entire pyrolysis plant, you will see several that exist. If you absolutely have a lot of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you must put money into one of those once you can. This could be a very lucrative section of your small business, although you may have never used one of those before.
The report offers a detailed insight into the upstream raw material analysis and downstream demand analysis along with crucial elements of Small Asia-Pacific Biochar Market report for furthermore highlights key proposals for new project development along with offering an assessment of investment feasibility analysis. This study is a useful guide to all investors to identify the lucrative market avenues across different segments and geographical regions. The market entry conditions along with emerging avenues will help the new entrants to gauge the pulse of the market. Furthermore, the study tracks industry news in terms of new mergers and acquisition made by prominent companies to expand their product offerings across various countries. The report is a useful guide to market players, all stakeholders, interested market participants and investors to formulate their strategies.
In this report, the Asia-Pacific Biochar market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.
Geographically, this report split Asia-Pacific into several key Regions, with sales (MT), revenue (Million USD), market share and growth rate of Biochar for these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), including
China
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Asia-Pacific Biochar market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Biochar sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including
Diacarbon Energy
Agri-Tech Producers
Biochar Now
Carbon Gold
Kina
The Biochar Company
Swiss Biochar GmbH
ElementC6
BioChar Products
BlackCarbon
Cool Planet
Carbon Terra
Pacific Biochar
Vega Biofuels
Liaoning Jinhefu Group
Hubei Jinri Ecology-Energy
Nanjing Qinfeng Crop-straw Technology
Seek Bio-Technology (Shanghai)
Sonnenerde
Biokol
ECOSUS
Terra Humana
Verora
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/MT), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into
Research Trades has team of experts who works on providing exhaustive analysis pertaining to market research on a global basis. This comprehensive analysis is obtained by a thorough research and study of the on going trends and provides predictive data regarding the future estimations, which can be utilized by various organizations for growth purposes.
Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.
The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.
Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.
The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.
Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.
The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.
The Biochar Market report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Biochar by product, region and application. In additional, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.
Biochar Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Biochar market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Biochar market.
The Biochar Market report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Biochar by product, region and application. In additional, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.
Biochar Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Biochar market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Biochar market.
Orchard Design 3 – Biochar Processing in Cone Pit Trench Method
http://www.edibleacres.org After a solid first pass of pollarding and clearing in the new orchard space, it’s time to clean up the branches and tops of trees that 1) can’t be laid up in piles…
Thanks for the world wide sharing of your carbon action based around responsible resource management.May I suggest to quench your char with / in a nutrient rich bath — like "flooding from below" is practiced in the KON-TIKI deep cone kilns.If you aim to improve the growing conditions of your new orchard trees in a few month from now, it would boost the fertility of the spot very well if you could use animal and human urine to "bath tub quench", alternatively you may like to prepare a fermented nutrient rich brew, say fine Biochar Chicken Manure Tea or a fine grained Biochar Fish Manure Tea — with a nice sweetener added, such as Molasses-Water / Cordial, to kick the microbes along. Best regards from under Down Under in Tassie — Australia the home of the KON-TIKI-TAS deep cone kilns (so far mobile 4 models)producer and user of FRANK'S CHAR branded Biochar products in Tasmania.http://www.terrapretadeveopments.com.au
Do you think that pollarded trees like this could take the place of fence posts on a sheep farm? Stretching fencing in between the pollarded trees?
Please explain why bio char is beneficial, I have much to learn. How is it used and why, and which plants need it most?
Another very well thought out scheme… Creating a value added product makes good sense when, like you say, wood chips are either free or very cheap to come by 🙂
Thanks for another interesting and useful video. I'll be burning slash on my land most of the winter and will now apply these methods, just so you know the idea's spreading.
Skill cult is awesome. I love his channel
Would of like to Eden the removal of the boichar from the pit. Do you let the wood burn all the way down before removing the char?
Very cool process. Still not sure if this is something I should do with all the small branches I have / will have from clearing. I own a small chipper, so I'll probably just use that. 🙂
You gotta inocculate some logs with some oysters and reishi!
Cool, thanks for the shout out. I've never tried to run one continuous like that. I make my trenches about 10 feet long for all the long limbs I've always got. I envy your locust 🙂
Skillcult does fantastic work… So do you!! Cheers!
And you managed to do it on the solstice — good job 🙂
Brilliant as usual. It's great to see this project. I've been out of action for awhile, but looking forward to catching up on your progress. This looks like an excellent alternative to chipping, which I stopped doing, but I've got lots of piles of trimmings and trees that I now have an alternative to simply leaving them to slowly decompose.
i love biochar videos
Maybe I missed it in the video, but why put the charcoal on the north side of the trees?
Granular Biochar market report analyses the market overview for business growth with the help of market development trends along with Import/Export Market across the globe. The process of Granular Biochar Industry is analysed thoroughly with respect three points, viz. raw material and equipment suppliers, various manufacturing associated costs (material cost, labour cost, etc.) and the actual process.
Along with Market research analysis, buyer also gets valuable information about global Granular Biochar Production and its market share, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, Supply, Consumption, Export, import volume and values for following Regions:
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The Call June 9, 2009
For writers, the words the call are almost magical. Every writer waits for the call at sometime or another. The call is from an editor, offering to buy a book manuscript.
That isn’t the sort of call I received last week. In fact, even though I have two published books, three books under contract, and stories in 17 anthologies, I have yet to receive the call. Editors have always e-mailed me or written me when they wanted to purchase my writing. This is clearly understandable for my British publisher; the editor would have had to call in the middle of the night otherwise.
Even though my call last week wasn’t from an editor, it still brought me to my feet with excitement. On the other end was Jill Barnett, author of 17 million books in print. She called to let me know that a group of romance writers had awarded me with a scholarship to go to the Romance Writers of America National Conference in Washington, D.C., this summer!
I usually write for children, but this last year I wrote an inspirational romance, entered and placed in an RWA writing contest, and submitted the manuscript to one publisher. I’m thrilled to have the chance to go to a national conference where I can network and learn more about the genre. In today’s publishing world, a writer has four main routes to finding a publisher to purchase work:
1. secure an agent
2. go through the slush pile (submit directly to editors or publishers who are open to unagented submissions)
3. attend conferences and connect with agents or editors
4. enter contests that lead to publication
I’ve sold all my books through the slush pile but look forward to meeting face-to-face with others. I’ve already booked my flight!
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Congratulations on the scholarship….I am wondering what house you submitted too…(I work at one of the largest inspirational fiction houses in the US). It would seem that the award would carry a lot of weight in the acquisitions process
Thanks, Nathan! My manuscript is at Barbour, intended for the Heartsong Presents line. It runs 50,000 words, so it’s short for other lines.
What house are you at? Does it mainly attend AFCW conferences? I noticed the RWA conference has only a couple of inspirational publishers attending and have since been told by other Faith-Hope-Love writers that more inspirational publishers attend AFCW.
I submitted a children’s book series proposal to Baker years ago. Gloria Jasperse took it to committee, but then she moved to Adams Media.
I met Bill Petersen from Baker/Revell also. Fun guy. He realized I was of Scandinavian descent (like him) because of my last name and told me I needed to send lutefisk (Scandinavian fish) with any proposal. (Some editors like chocolate, but he apparently prefers lutefisk.) I sent him my recipe for Danish meatballs, which, as a Swede, I am embarrassed to admit are better than Swedish meatballs, but Bill is Danish, so . . . He passed the recipe along to his son who’s a chef and referred me to Bethany House (Baker wasn’t doing much with children’s books at the time). Long story short, I ended up selling the books to a small, secular press that does a lot with homeschoolers.
About...
An eight-year-old girl who wanted to write books and grew up to be an author, speaker, and baseball, basketball, Tae Kwon Do, youth group, Boy Scouts, and soccer mom to two boys. Ever wonder what it's like to be an author? Read on. This is my life . . . on tour.
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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan remains one of the world’s most repressive countries. The country is virtually closed to independent scrutiny, media and religious freedoms are subject to draconian restrictions, and human rights defenders and other activists face the constant threat of government reprisal. The government continues to use imprisonment as a tool for political retaliation. The release of several political prisoners and the adoption of some new laws that some have hailed as “reform,” have barely dented this stark reality.
Cult of Personality, No Pluralism
President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, his relatives, and associates enjoy unlimited power and total control over all aspects of public life in Turkmenistan. Berdymukhamedov’s cult of personality continued to grow in 2013. His portraits permeate the country.
After Berdymukhamedov led a mass bicycle ride in August, civil servants and students were pressured to purchase bicycles at high prices. The government often forces people, sometimes by the thousands, to gather for hours for events attended by Berdymukhamedov. They are not permitted to leave, even to use the toilet.
In a June 2013 by-election, Ovezmammed Mammedov, chairman of the Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, became the first parliamentary deputy who is not a member of the ruling party. Founded by a close associate of Berdymukhamedov, with the government’s active involvement, Mammedov’s party presents no alternatives to government policies.
Civil Society
Repressive government policies make it extremely difficult for independent nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to operate. Civil society activists and journalists, including those living in exile and their families in Turkmenistan, face a constant threat of government reprisal. NGOs are legally banned from carrying out any work unless they are registered, yet no independent NGO has obtained registration in the past five years.
A January 2013 presidential decree required all foreign grants to be registered with the government. Funding proposals require at least five layers of government approval, including a government assessment that assistance in the proposed area is desirable. Funding for “political” activities is prohibited.
Freedom of Media and Information
In December 2012, parliament adopted a law banning censorship and affirming citizens’ right to freedom of expression and information. In practice, however, there is a total absence of media freedom in Turkmenistan. The state controls all print and electronic media, with the exception of one newspaper founded by an individual close to Berdymukhamedov.
Lack of access to Turkmenistan makes foreign media coverage very difficult. In May 2013, police arrested Rovshen Yazmuhamedov, a local correspondent for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty who reported on social issues and whom authorities questioned after his articles generated online reader responses. After two weeks of international pressure, the authorities released Yazmuhamedov. The reason for his detention remains unknown.
An example of conspicuous state interference with freedom of information occurred in April 2013, when Berdymukhamedov fell off his horse during a hippodrome race. Security forces forced spectators to delete from their cameras any image of the fall.
Internet access remains limited and heavily state-controlled. The country’s only Internet service provider is state-operated, and social media and many websites are blocked, including those of foreign news organizations.
Monthly Internet connectivity costs roughly US$100, making it inaccessible for many. Internet cafes require visitors to present their passports. The government is known to monitor electronic and telephone communications.
Turkmenistan
Country Chapter
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan remains one of the world’s most repressive countries. The country is virtually closed to independent scrutiny, media and religious freedoms are subject to draconian restrictions, and human rights defenders and other activists face the constant threat of government reprisal. The government continues to use imprisonment as a tool for political retaliation. The release of several political prisoners and the adoption of some new laws that some have hailed as “reform,” have barely dented this stark reality.
Cult of Personality, No Pluralism
President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, his relatives, and associates enjoy unlimited power and total control over all aspects of public life in Turkmenistan. Berdymukhamedov’s cult of personality continued to grow in 2013. His portraits permeate the country.
After Berdymukhamedov led a mass bicycle ride in August, civil servants and students were pressured to purchase bicycles at high prices. The government often forces people, sometimes by the thousands, to gather for hours for events attended by Berdymukhamedov. They are not permitted to leave, even to use the toilet.
In a June 2013 by-election, Ovezmammed Mammedov, chairman of the Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, became the first parliamentary deputy who is not a member of the ruling party. Founded by a close associate of Berdymukhamedov, with the government’s active involvement, Mammedov’s party presents no alternatives to government policies.
Civil Society
Repressive government policies make it extremely difficult for independent nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to operate. Civil society activists and journalists, including those living in exile and their families in Turkmenistan, face a constant threat of government reprisal. NGOs are legally banned from carrying out any work unless they are registered, yet no independent NGO has obtained registration in the past five years.
A January 2013 presidential decree required all foreign grants to be registered with the government. Funding proposals require at least five layers of government approval, including a government assessment that assistance in the proposed area is desirable. Funding for “political” activities is prohibited.
Freedom of Media and Information
In December 2012, parliament adopted a law banning censorship and affirming citizens’ right to freedom of expression and information. In practice, however, there is a total absence of media freedom in Turkmenistan. The state controls all print and electronic media, with the exception of one newspaper founded by an individual close to Berdymukhamedov.
Lack of access to Turkmenistan makes foreign media coverage very difficult. In May 2013, police arrested Rovshen Yazmuhamedov, a local correspondent for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty who reported on social issues and whom authorities questioned after his articles generated online reader responses. After two weeks of international pressure, the authorities released Yazmuhamedov. The reason for his detention remains unknown.
An example of conspicuous state interference with freedom of information occurred in April 2013, when Berdymukhamedov fell off his horse during a hippodrome race. Security forces forced spectators to delete from their cameras any image of the fall.
Internet access remains limited and heavily state-controlled. The country’s only Internet service provider is state-operated, and social media and many websites are blocked, including those of foreign news organizations.
Monthly Internet connectivity costs roughly US$100, making it inaccessible for many. Internet cafes require visitors to present their passports. The government is known to monitor electronic and telephone communications.
Freedom of Movement
Turkmenistan’s government continues to restrict the right of its citizens to travel freely outside the country by means of an informal and arbitrary system of travel bans commonly imposed on civil society activists and relatives of exiled dissidents. While a handful of persons previously banned from foreign travel were permitted to travel abroad in 2013, others were not, including family members of political prisoners.
Students studying abroad frequently face obstacles leaving Turkmenistan when returning to their studies. In September 2013, border officials prohibited, without explanation, several Turkmen students from leaving the country to return to Tajikistan to resume studies. Tajikistan’s Ministry of Education confirmed that no Turkmen students studying at Tajik universities have returned.
In June, the migration service announced it would issue new biometric passports to Turkmen citizens who also have had Russian passports since June 2003. However, according to the Turkmenistan Initiative for Human Rights, a Vienna-based group, these individuals report continued problems obtaining the new passports. The new passports are required for all travel abroad for all Turkmen citizens, with very few exceptions.
Freedom of Religion
No congregations of unregistered religious groups or communities are allowed, and religious communities have been unable to register for years. A new administrative offenses code, adopted in August 2013, establishes new fines for involvement in unregistered religious activity, although the amount of the fines will be known only when the code enters into force in 2014.
According to Forum 18, an independent international religious freedom group, in September 2013, police in Mary province summoned for questioning Ilmurad Nurliev, a Protestant pastor who was released from prison in 2012 after serving 18 months on bogus swindling charges. They questioned, harassed, and threatened him and others who signed an unsuccessful 2007 petition to register Nurliev’s congregation.
Forum 18 reported that in March, police in Lebap province raided the homes of several Protestant believers and confiscated their Bibles. Courts sentenced two of them to fines of twice the average monthly wage for possession of banned religious literature.
Forum 18 also reported that in January, police raided the home of a Jehovah’s Witness who had filed a complaint to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, detained and beat six visitors, and threatened one with rape. All were released, and a court fined three of the six for violating laws on religious literature.
Political Prisoners, Enforced Disappearances, and Torture
In February 2013, civil society activists Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khajiev were released from prison after fully serving nearly seven-year sentences on bogus weapons charges. Before their arrest, they had been affiliated with the Turkmenistan Helsinki Foundation, an exiled human rights group. Both suffer numerous health problems related to their incarceration.
Also in February, the authorities released two popular singers, Murad Ovezov and Maksat Kakabaev, sentenced on bogus charges in 2011 to five and seven years’ imprisonment respectively.
In July, authorities released Geldymyrat Nurmuhammedov, a former minister of culture and tourism, who had openly criticized the government and was forced to undergo nine months of forced drug rehabilitation treatment, despite having no history of drug abuse.
However, many others continue to languish in Turkmen prisons on what appear to be politically motivated charges. The actual number of those jailed on political grounds is impossible to determine because the justice system lacks transparency, trials are closed in political cases, and the overall level of repression precludes independent monitoring of these cases.
Political dissident Gulgeldy Annaniazov, arrested in 2008, remains imprisoned on charges that are not known even to his family. He is serving an 11-year sentence.
A decade after their arrest and show trials, several dozen persons convicted in relation to the November 2002 alleged assassination attempt on former President Saparmurat Niyazov remain victims of enforced disappearances. Some of those disappeared include former Foreign Minister Boris Shikhmuradov and Turkmenistan’s Former Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Batyr Berdiev. Their fate is unknown, even to their families. Human Rights Watch is aware of longstanding unconfirmed reports that several defendants in the case have died in detention.
Torture remains a grave problem, particularly in high-security facilities. The International Committee for the Red Cross does not have full access to Turkmen prisons. The government has persistently denied access to the country for independent human rights monitors, including international NGOs and 10 United Nations special procedures.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Consensual sex between men is criminalized with a maximum prison sentence of two years. Turkmenistan rejected recommendations made during the April 2013 United Nations Universal Periodic Review to decriminalize consensual sex between adults of the same sex.
Key International Actors
After having had no active projects on Turkmenistan since 1997, the World Bank in July approved an interim strategy to provide analytical and technical services to Turkmenistan.
The upgrading of relations between the European Union and Turkmenistan, in the form of a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA), remained stalled. The European Parliament continued to postpone its necessary approval of the PCA, in part over human rights concerns. But there was no apparent effort on the part of the EU institutions to press for human rights reforms in exchange for the finalization of the agreement.
In November 2012, during her first trip to Central Asia, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton met with Foreign Minister Rashid Meredov to discuss energy and other issues. Ashton’s public statement noted that human rights concerns were also discussed, although she did not articulate them publicly. The annual EU-Turkmenistan human rights dialogue bore no concrete results.
In April, Turkmenistan was reviewed under the UN Universal Periodic Review. While Turkmenistan accepted most of the recommendations made by UN member states during the review, it rejected eighteen among the most pressing ones, five of which related to demands to release political prisoners or make known the whereabouts of prisoners who have disappeared in the country’s prison system.
In May, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights Ivan Simonovic met with high-level officials in Turkmenistan, and emphasized the need for access to the country for UN special procedures.
Turkmenistan remains one of the world’s most repressive countries. The country is virtually closed to independent scrutiny, media and religious freedoms are subject to draconian restrictions, and human rights defenders and other activists face the constant threat of government reprisal. The government continues to use imprisonment as a tool for political retaliation. The release of several political prisoners and the adoption of some new laws that some have hailed as “reform,” have barely dented this stark reality.
Cult of Personality, No Pluralism
President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, his relatives, and associates enjoy unlimited power and total control over all aspects of public life in Turkmenistan. Berdymukhamedov’s cult of personality continued to grow in 2013. His portraits permeate the country.
After Berdymukhamedov led a mass bicycle ride in August, civil servants and students were pressured to purchase bicycles at high prices. The government often forces people, sometimes by the thousands, to gather for hours for events attended by Berdymukhamedov. They are not permitted to leave, even to use the toilet.
In a June 2013 by-election, Ovezmammed Mammedov, chairman of the Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, became the first parliamentary deputy who is not a member of the ruling party. Founded by a close associate of Berdymukhamedov, with the government’s active involvement, Mammedov’s party presents no alternatives to government policies.
Civil Society
Repressive government policies make it extremely difficult for independent nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to operate. Civil society activists and journalists, including those living in exile and their families in Turkmenistan, face a constant threat of government reprisal. NGOs are legally banned from carrying out any work unless they are registered, yet no independent NGO has obtained registration in the past five years.
A January 2013 presidential decree required all foreign grants to be registered with the government. Funding proposals require at least five layers of government approval, including a government assessment that assistance in the proposed area is desirable. Funding for “political” activities is prohibited.
Freedom of Media and Information
In December 2012, parliament adopted a law banning censorship and affirming citizens’ right to freedom of expression and information. In practice, however, there is a total absence of media freedom in Turkmenistan. The state controls all print and electronic media, with the exception of one newspaper founded by an individual close to Berdymukhamedov.
Lack of access to Turkmenistan makes foreign media coverage very difficult. In May 2013, police arrested Rovshen Yazmuhamedov, a local correspondent for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty who reported on social issues and whom authorities questioned after his articles generated online reader responses. After two weeks of international pressure, the authorities released Yazmuhamedov. The reason for his detention remains unknown.
An example of conspicuous state interference with freedom of information occurred in April 2013, when Berdymukhamedov fell off his horse during a hippodrome race. Security forces forced spectators to delete from their cameras any image of the fall.
Internet access remains limited and heavily state-controlled. The country’s only Internet service provider is state-operated, and social media and many websites are blocked, including those of foreign news organizations.
Monthly Internet connectivity costs roughly US$100, making it inaccessible for many. Internet cafes require visitors to present their passports. The government is known to monitor electronic and telephone communications.
Freedom of Movement
Turkmenistan’s government continues to restrict the right of its citizens to travel freely outside the country by means of an informal and arbitrary system of travel bans commonly imposed on civil society activists and relatives of exiled dissidents. While a handful of persons previously banned from foreign travel were permitted to travel abroad in 2013, others were not, including family members of political prisoners.
Students studying abroad frequently face obstacles leaving Turkmenistan when returning to their studies. In September 2013, border officials prohibited, without explanation, several Turkmen students from leaving the country to return to Tajikistan to resume studies. Tajikistan’s Ministry of Education confirmed that no Turkmen students studying at Tajik universities have returned.
In June, the migration service announced it would issue new biometric passports to Turkmen citizens who also have had Russian passports since June 2003. However, according to the Turkmenistan Initiative for Human Rights, a Vienna-based group, these individuals report continued problems obtaining the new passports. The new passports are required for all travel abroad for all Turkmen citizens, with very few exceptions.
Freedom of Religion
No congregations of unregistered religious groups or communities are allowed, and religious communities have been unable to register for years. A new administrative offenses code, adopted in August 2013, establishes new fines for involvement in unregistered religious activity, although the amount of the fines will be known only when the code enters into force in 2014.
According to Forum 18, an independent international religious freedom group, in September 2013, police in Mary province summoned for questioning Ilmurad Nurliev, a Protestant pastor who was released from prison in 2012 after serving 18 months on bogus swindling charges. They questioned, harassed, and threatened him and others who signed an unsuccessful 2007 petition to register Nurliev’s congregation.
Forum 18 reported that in March, police in Lebap province raided the homes of several Protestant believers and confiscated their Bibles. Courts sentenced two of them to fines of twice the average monthly wage for possession of banned religious literature.
Forum 18 also reported that in January, police raided the home of a Jehovah’s Witness who had filed a complaint to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, detained and beat six visitors, and threatened one with rape. All were released, and a court fined three of the six for violating laws on religious literature.
Political Prisoners, Enforced Disappearances, and Torture
In February 2013, civil society activists Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khajiev were released from prison after fully serving nearly seven-year sentences on bogus weapons charges. Before their arrest, they had been affiliated with the Turkmenistan Helsinki Foundation, an exiled human rights group. Both suffer numerous health problems related to their incarceration.
Also in February, the authorities released two popular singers, Murad Ovezov and Maksat Kakabaev, sentenced on bogus charges in 2011 to five and seven years’ imprisonment respectively.
In July, authorities released Geldymyrat Nurmuhammedov, a former minister of culture and tourism, who had openly criticized the government and was forced to undergo nine months of forced drug rehabilitation treatment, despite having no history of drug abuse.
However, many others continue to languish in Turkmen prisons on what appear to be politically motivated charges. The actual number of those jailed on political grounds is impossible to determine because the justice system lacks transparency, trials are closed in political cases, and the overall level of repression precludes independent monitoring of these cases.
Political dissident Gulgeldy Annaniazov, arrested in 2008, remains imprisoned on charges that are not known even to his family. He is serving an 11-year sentence.
A decade after their arrest and show trials, several dozen persons convicted in relation to the November 2002 alleged assassination attempt on former President Saparmurat Niyazov remain victims of enforced disappearances. Some of those disappeared include former Foreign Minister Boris Shikhmuradov and Turkmenistan’s Former Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Batyr Berdiev. Their fate is unknown, even to their families. Human Rights Watch is aware of longstanding unconfirmed reports that several defendants in the case have died in detention.
Torture remains a grave problem, particularly in high-security facilities. The International Committee for the Red Cross does not have full access to Turkmen prisons. The government has persistently denied access to the country for independent human rights monitors, including international NGOs and 10 United Nations special procedures.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Consensual sex between men is criminalized with a maximum prison sentence of two years. Turkmenistan rejected recommendations made during the April 2013 United Nations Universal Periodic Review to decriminalize consensual sex between adults of the same sex.
Key International Actors
After having had no active projects on Turkmenistan since 1997, the World Bank in July approved an interim strategy to provide analytical and technical services to Turkmenistan.
The upgrading of relations between the European Union and Turkmenistan, in the form of a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA), remained stalled. The European Parliament continued to postpone its necessary approval of the PCA, in part over human rights concerns. But there was no apparent effort on the part of the EU institutions to press for human rights reforms in exchange for the finalization of the agreement.
In November 2012, during her first trip to Central Asia, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton met with Foreign Minister Rashid Meredov to discuss energy and other issues. Ashton’s public statement noted that human rights concerns were also discussed, although she did not articulate them publicly. The annual EU-Turkmenistan human rights dialogue bore no concrete results.
In April, Turkmenistan was reviewed under the UN Universal Periodic Review. While Turkmenistan accepted most of the recommendations made by UN member states during the review, it rejected eighteen among the most pressing ones, five of which related to demands to release political prisoners or make known the whereabouts of prisoners who have disappeared in the country’s prison system.
In May, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights Ivan Simonovic met with high-level officials in Turkmenistan, and emphasized the need for access to the country for UN special procedures.
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Thanks to startups, it is easier than ever to avoid paying much for legal services.
Legal tech is disrupting an industry that has been one of the most reluctant to change.
Business Insider Nordic lists 20 Swedish companies you should know about in the thriving sector.
Erik Byrenius, founder of the online delivery service Onlinepizza, is one of many entrepreneurs who is fed up with paying hefty legal fees.
When he realized that both investors and startups spend too much money and time on getting legal documents, such as shareholder agreements, he decided to solve the problem himself – with the free service Startupdocs.
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“When I sold my company, I realized how confusing it was to get the right documents. The only people who benefit from confusion are lawyers.”
Disrupting traditional firms
Online legal service providers such as Lawline and Avtal24 are increasing in number in Sweden. They benefit from dissatisfaction with traditional law firms' fees but also less regulation.
Unlike traditional law firms, their prices and ownership are not strictly regulated by Advokatsamfundet, The Swedish Bar Association.
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The rise of legal tech companies is also a global phenomenon.
“Legal tech is growing fast. It’s evident when looking at the number of registered patents. Last year it amounted to 579, which is 500 percent more than five years ago,” said Sandy Devine from Axiom, a global leader in legal services, in her opening speech at Nordic Legal Day in Stockholm.
Here's our guide to Sweden’s thriving legal tech sector:
Oneflow – e-signing
Virtual Intelligence VQ – intelligent legal document production
Scrive – e-signing
Assently – e-signing
DP Organizer – personal data handling
Precisely – contract management
Insiderlog – automated insider lists
Avtal24 – online legal services and advice
Lawline – online legal aid by students
Juridik för alla – legal consultation for individuals
Startupdocs – free standard documents for startups
Chromaway – platform for contracts, issuing and through blockchain technology
Sällberg & Co – lawyer firm that has developed the public sector compliance tool GDPR Hero
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Support a school and win a tropical holiday
For the fourth year running Apii Te Uki Ou is holding its popular “Win a Trip to Raro” fundraiser.
Valued at over $12,000, this year’s prize pool includes a visit to Aitutaki, as well as a full island experience on Rarotonga.
Last year’s fundraiser made $15,000, which helped to fund learning support and culture teachers for the school.
This year, the school hopes to top the previous fundraiser with every $10 donation through Givealittle, an online fundraising platform.
Apii Te Uki Ou board member Louise Wittwer said she was thrilled to bring the fundraiser to life once again as the board had worked hard to fund great opportunities for the students.
In Wittwer’s eyes the best result would be to see a Cook Islands family get to treat some family members to a trip home next year.
“How precious; winning Air New Zealand flights to stay at the gorgeous Sea Change Villas and then experience the luxury of Pacific Resort Aitutaki, including two return flights courtesy of Air Rarotonga.
“On top of that, the $12,000 prize package comprises an amazing array of fun activities to do right here in the beautiful Rarotonga.”
More than 20 local businesses have donated flights, luxury accommodation, transport, meals and island activities to make this project one of the biggest school fundraising events of the year – one which people from all over the world can be involved in.
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TEHRAN – As people in the Iraqi Kurdistan region went to polls on Monday to vote for independence referendum President Hassan Rouhani reiterated Tehran’s insistence on the need to protect Iraq’s territorial integrity in phone talks with leaders of Russia, Turkey and Iraq.
“Security of the [Middle East] region and Iraq’s territorial integrity and national unity is very important and vital to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Cooperation and coordination among the regional countries are very important and effective in this respect,” he said in his conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday.
Iran attaches great importance to protecting territorial integrity of the countries in the region, Rouhani added.
Putin also said that the Russian government supports Iraq’s government and the country’s territorial integrity.
In his talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Sunday, Rouhani said that the regional countries will not let exacerbation of instability.
Erdogan said that Turkey’s parliament has held an emergency meeting to take necessary decision about the independence referendum in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG).
Rouhani, also in a telephone conversation with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi, said that Iran is against any move that undermines Iraq’s national unity and territorial integrity.
Masoud Barzani, the KRG president, refused requests by the UN chief and all countries around the world to either cancel or postpone the independence vote.
“Barzani’s move in the Kurdistan region will cause a new confrontation in Iraq,” the Iraqi prime minister said in his talks with the Iranian president on Sunday.
Abadi described the independence referendum in the Kurdistan region as an act contrary to the Iraqi constitution and against the country’s territorial integrity.
This is “not acceptable at all”, the prime minister asserted.
Iraqi Kurds abroad began casting ballots on Saturday for independence referendum. The online vote for Kurdish expatriates is open for three days.
Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council Ali Shamkhani has said that Tehran only recognizes an “integrated” and “federal” Iraq.
In a meeting last week with Austrian President Alexander Van de Bellen at the UN, President Rouhani said disintegration of the countries in West Asia is a very “dangerous act”.
During the annual coordination meeting of the foreign ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation members, held on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi insisted on Tehran’s strong opposition to independence referendum in the Kurdistan region.
While all countries are insisting on territorial integrity in Iraq, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed interest in partitioning Iraq and establishing an independent Kurdish state during a meeting with a delegation of 33 U.S. Republican congressmen.
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Shares of chip designer Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) surged by more than 18 percent following a report that it's hired J.P. Morgan Chase to "explore options," including an outright sale of the company. Before anyone panics, no sale is imminent, and it appears AMD would much rather offload some of its patents to generate some much needed cash, but at the same time, all options are on the table.
"AMD's board and management believe that the strategy the company is currently pursuing to drive long-term growth by leveraging AMD's highly differentiated technology assets is the right approach to enhance shareholder value," an AMD spokesman told Reuters.
Caught off guard by weaker than expected demand, AMD recently warned investors that its third-quarter revenue would probably dip 10 percent from the previous quarter, news of which sent the company's stock spiraling towards a three-year low, just under $3 a share. Today it's trading at $2.09 a share, up 5 percent from the beginning of the day.
A problem AMD faces is that the PC industry is in a slump as consumers trend towards mobile devices. Intel is in the same boat, only it's a much bigger ship that's better equipped to handle the storm than AMD.
One thing that could work in AMD's favor is its willingness to try anything. For example, after years of designing chips exclusively around x86 architecture, the Sunnyvale chip designer recently waved around an ARM license that it intends to build 64-bit ARM-based processors for the server market.
The primary challenge for AMD, however, is that it's in a serous cash crunch. AMD previously announced plans to slash 15 percent of its workforce in a restructuring effort, and followed that up by closing the door on an open source development lab in Germany.
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Category Archives: Visual and Performing Arts
I have a great vantage point from my position in the back of the classroom. Seated near the large picture window, with a glorious view of the massive walnut trees planted during the golden days of the Biltmore Era, I’m quite content. The wall to my back encloses this pleasant space, where like a cat curled on a sunny window ledge, I’m more or less out of sight. I don’t often speak, satisfied to watch the activity from my sanctuary in the corner. Who’d have thought that one day I’d decide to become a teacher? Certainly not I.
It was the unconditional patience and encouragement of my kindly neighbors in a tiny, old-world village in central Mexico that set me on my path to teaching. It’s a constant challenge to communicate even simple thoughts when faced with a language barrier, something we rarely experience in the United States. Accepting me into their beehive of daily activities, these aproned Madonnas were as happy to teach me some Spanish as I was to share a few words of English. I’m humbled and grateful for the many good humored teachers who helped me along the way. Nonetheless, there were still many times I felt terribly isolated by language, and a stranger in a strange land, in spite of the warmth of my Mexican family.
Shortly after my return to the United States I started volunteering at the local community college in an adult education class to satisfy certification requirements to teach English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). My experience had fostered a desire to help those living in the United States whose struggles with a foreign language are likely a great deal harder than mine had been in Mexico. I want to make a difference in the lives of those who are committed to learning their new country’s language. After completing my training program, I stayed on at the college; I like helping in the classroom. And, the opportunity to quietly observe the instructor, while reinforcing my novice teaching skills, fit in with my predilection for staying out of the spotlight. That is, up until last week.
The class began quite as usual. As students filtered in, I handed out worksheets, and Monica, the level 4 instructor, began to teach. The lesson for discussion was subject-verb agreement. And so, Monica taught English and I helped Monica, that is until her phone rang mid-lecture, and the baby-sitter informed her that her infant daughter was ill…could she come home right away? Monica’s eyes sought mine, pleadingly, as if to say, you do have your certification. Other than the one evening I had student taught an adult class many months before, an experience replete with sweaty palms and horrible stage-fright, I had not taught a class on my own. I wasn’t feeling inclined to do so any time soon. But under the circumstance what could I say? Monica left for home, and I was on! And on my own.
It was performance time, and I flashed back on the frightened five year old I’d been at my first dance recital. The delicate pink ballet slippers I’d laced onto my feet, when told it was time to go on stage, no longer felt as enchanting as I’d imagined them. I was scared silly. All the wisdom and life experience I’d gained in nearly fifty years was reduced to the size of a quivering child. Thrust in front of the classroom, with the students’ inquiring eyes focused on me, I felt a vulnerability that caused every fiber in my body to scream “run”, which is what I had done at that first ballet recital. Not a pretty picture when you want to be a teacher. But I was no longer five years old, and fleeing was not an option. My saving grace is that age and hard won experience has provided me with an unwavering resolve, and so I stayed put and opened my mouth.
At a total loss for words, the immediate need to say or do something was bewildering. Quite unexpectedly, I felt as if a stranger had taken control of my senses and I began to dance. Not literally, but in a way that expressed my individuality. Performing as both marionette and marionettist, I was acutely aware of the tension in the strings that propelled my initial movements as an imperfectly executed pirouette spun me from the front of the room toward the large table that was the students’ shared desk. As I drew a chair closer to my audience, inviting them to join me, I remembered how much I had loved my ballet slippers; how good it felt to lace the ribbons and twirl across the polished wooden floor. Without a script, I listened to myself conduct the class. The words flowed and the teacher in me sounded so confident. She was enjoying herself! In getting on stage, I was introduced to a part of me I had never met, someone who seemed to like dancing for an audience. I’d caught an astonishing glimpse of my potential self in those moments in front of the class.
Art critic, Michael Kimmelman, wrote in The Accidental Masterpiece that “Life itself might be an art.” If my experience was any indication, I agree. Good art, when real and not contrived, fuels a deep and lasting impression upon viewer and artist alike. It can do that when we let go, and get out of our own way. I believe that this sentiment is essentially what Gunter Berghaus wrote about in the “Happenings and Fluxus” chapter of his book Avant-garde Performance. Based on the idea of unconventional and spontaneous artistic expression that compels the interaction of performer and audience, art is created that shatters life as we know it, effectively changing who we are into something new. The certainly unplanned accident of my performance in the classroom that day exemplified what both “Happenings” and “Fluxus” stand for. Reflective of Jean-Jacques Lebel’s portrayal of the “characteristics” of Happenings, it became a moment of “breaking down the barriers between art and life…[to] transform human beings, and make them change their old ways of seeing, feeling, and being.” It was terrifying and exhilarating.
Initially, my performance fell flat on its face. I wasn’t like Monica. My audience was confused by this unsure presentation of a teacher. I’ve since learned that many students see their teachers, myself included, as if we’re all cut out of the same academic “fabric”, and whether it’s Monica or myself at the head of the class, we are “all knowing” and greater in stature than the students there to learn English. In part, this is a cultural issue and likely a misinterpretation of Americans in general, but nonetheless, it makes for a very tough audience. I was faced with a chasm I had no idea how to bridge. Human nature being what it is, I’m sure they recognized my fear. Those sorts of things speak clearly in any language. Did they realize the degree to which my teaching had become the performance of my life? Probably not, but I do think they recognized themselves through the cracks in the perfect image they had constructed of me as an “American” teacher.
Unexpectedly presented with an instructor they were not accustomed to, the students initially responded to me by withdrawing. My discomfort increased and I felt myself teetering on the edge of the stage, an abyss between myself and the students huddled in the audience. They were reticent to speak; our previous interactions had been minimal. I experienced something that my instructors at NCSU had said about teaching foreign language classes, something that applied to me as well. Students are often afraid to speak for fear of looking foolish or making mistakes. Student or teacher, we all want to do well and look our best. There were moments during that two hour class when I stumbled. I recovered, the world didn’t come to an end, and I kept going. When I performed for that class, it wasn’t perfect. I was nervous at times, and lost my way. And then art happened in one spontaneous moment of laughter.
I’d laughed out loud at how much fun I was having in spite of it all. I couldn’t be frightened any longer. It was just too silly. The students thought it was tremendously funny, and so did I. At that moment the feeling in the room transformed each of us. The “American” teacher, who fell off the stage, wasn’t really any different than they were, and they gladly joined me in my dance. I had their attention. The chasm disappeared, and my students got that it was OK to try, and it was acceptable to make mistakes. We laughed, exchanged ideas, and as we became partners on that stage, no longer separated by perceptions of culture or class, we were performers and audience alike. I reflect that it was much more than just the subject-verb agreement of English grammar that we learned about that day. The art of authentic communication became a Happening. The Happening became the universal language of human interaction. I’ll never know who learned more that day, me or them. I do know that together we created an accidental masterpiece that will remain a vivid image in my mind for years to come.
My son, who is a wonderful artist believes that art should exist only for the moment and then be gone, to allow for other inspirations to take its’ place. My performance in the classroom reflects that sensibility. I’ve learned that art is not the result of paint and brush, nor is teaching, simply the rules of English grammar. They are only the tools we use to express the essence of who we are. When I teach, the art itself is ethereal, but its’ effect lingers on. Like any artist who performs for an audience, I’m sure there’ll be wonderful experiences as I teach and those that may not inspire great art. Either way, it will remind me that life, if lived as art, is its own accidental masterpiece.
* This essay was originally written for an assignment in Ann Millett-Gallant‘s class The Art of Life, in which the students are asked to create and partake in an act of performative art, then write about their inspirations, their interactions with their audience, the performance itself, and the results. The fortunate timing of Linda’s unplanned teaching stint as this assignment was approaching led to this “accidental masterpiece.”
Regarding my choice of the kitchen photo from among many possibilities, Linda writes, “… of all the photos, you pick the staged photo my husband took of me with a large beer bottle “caguama” and mug! My husband thinks that it’ll make me look like a borracha! (drunkard) which is really funny as I rarely drink.”
I love a good documentary film, especially one about art, so I was happy to receive Bob Hansen’s recommendation of Tim’s Vermeer. It is an eighty-minute film about one man’s quest for art featuring Tim Jenison, an inventor, video equipment specialist, and entrepreneur who is fascinated with the paintings of Johannes Vermeer. Known as “the painter of light,” Vermeer was a Dutch painter of the seventeenth century, best known for his portraits, interior genre scenes, and inclusion of detail. For more information on the life and work of Vermeer, see the website Essential Vermeer.
The film is narrated by Penn Jillette and directed by Teller, of the famous team of magicians Penn and Teller. Penn and Teller were also a part of the team that produced the film, and themes of documentation and magic pervade it. Other major themes include the nexus of art and technology, photography and illusion in art history, digital technology and technological imaging in art, and seeing through photographic reproduction versus human seeing. These themes relate to two of my BLS courses, BLS 345, Photography: Contexts and Illusions and BLS 346, The Art of Life. Discussions of art history and the media and techniques of artmaking in the film are also relevant to my Art 100 course. Tim’s exposé of Vermeer may be interpreted as challenging the notions of artistic talent and exposing the myth of so-called “genius” painting. Yet, in the process, Tim discovers a newfound awe of Vermeer’s resources and artistic focus.
Tim is most interested in Vermeer’s possible use of early camera technology and reflective devices. Inspired by Vermeer’s Camera (2001), a book by Philip Stedman, professor at University College of London, Jenison crosses continents and narratives of art history in pursuit of the truth behind Vermeer’s oil painting The Music Lesson (1662-1664), and eventually attempts to recreate it. Tim says in the film that he feels a kinship with Vermeer as an inventor and musician. He also explains why he decided to focus on The Music Lesson, stating that it is “so complete and self-contained,” compared with all other Vermeer paintings, and he declares it “a scientific experiment waiting to happen.” Through his research and art project, Tim aims to offer an “alternative narrative of Vermeer.”
Johannes Vermeer, The Music Lesson, 1662-1664.
While experimenting with various reflective devices, Tim paints his first portrait from the reflection of a photograph of his father in law. He is modest about his painted product and says emphatically that painting it was a decidedly object experience, rather than a subjective, or personal one. Tim then zooms in on studying image-making and methods of illusion specific to the seventeenth century, which includes optical machines and—most prominently—the camera obscura, an ancestor of early 19th-century photography.
18th-century camera obscura.
Tim then compares the painted details of The Music Lesson to optical effects of photography, concluding that Vermeer depicted photographic seeing, rather than human sight. He states that the appearance of “absolute brightness” in the painting is proof that Vermeer painted from photograph, because such light is not visible to the naked eye.
To prove his hypothesis, Tim first visits Delft, Holland, where he learns to speak Dutch, to grind pigments, and to mix oil paint. He also studies the light, furniture, and interior architecture. Finally, he hires artists to make exact replicas of the pottery found in the composition of The Music Lesson. Tim discusses a list of craftsmen and engineers he would need to serve as “experts” in building a life-size model of the scene, saying that he can attempt to complete all the work with a computer.
Johannes Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, 1665-1667.
Tim proves that he is a quintessential “Renaissance Man” (although Vermeer was post-Renaissance historically); to be photographed by a self-built camera, Tim constructs a replica of the scene of The Music Lesson in a San Antonio warehouse from wood, concrete, metal, and glass. Tim’s set is complete with furniture, woodwork, stained-glass windows, and musical instruments. Experimentation leads Tim to discover a system of lenses and mirrors (including a shaving mirror) which, joined with visual color-matching tricks, allow him to build a surprisingly accurate, three-dimensional reproduction of The Music Lesson. Tim also shows his musical skills as he plays on the violin that will serve as his model in the composition.
Earlier in the film, as Tim and Philip Stedman each tried their hands at copying portraits, the music and tempo of the shots slowed down, but they build up again as Tim builds the room and begins to paint the image from it. More dynamic camera work and background music set the stage for many scenes of Tim painting, in which he used his daughter and her friends as live models. This pace is held up for 8 minutes. Time is marked by images of the calendar dates in the lower corner of the screen, as if torn from a desktop calendar. Everything slows down significantly after forty days. At about fifty days, Tim makes a discovery; he finds curves in the painting where there should be straight lines. He explains that Vermeer’s so-called mistake in angles of perspective was a result of viewing and painting a photographic image.
Johannes Vermeer, The Art of Painting, 1662-1668
Following this discovery, time further drags as Tim experiences the physical pain of his actions and seated position, while the viewer watches him paint details such as violin strings, minute decorations on the piano, and the individual threads on a draping, patterned tablecloth. Somewhere in this period, a threat of carbon monoxide poisoning arises in the studio. I must admit, I do not remember why. I may have zoned out. After eighty to ninety days, Tim becomes “repulsed” while painting a royal blue chair with bronze lion heads on the back and correcting his mistakes with a cotton swab. All in all in the film, there are approximately thirteen minutes of footage of Tim painstakingly painting. It feels longer.
In the final scenes, Tim shows Stedman and David Hockney his painting. Hockney, with whom Tim has met previously in the film, is another artist interested in these reflected forms and technologies (see David Hockney’s website here).
Stedman and Hockney discuss Tim’s painting and determine that it is better than Vermeer’s. In the last shot, the humble Tim claims Vermeer was an inspiring inventor and artist.
Tim Jenison, The Music Lesson, 2012.
The film chronicles important discoveries and historical revisions, but I wasn’t sure if the information alone carried the film. I was just so fascinated by Tim Jenison. He stole the show. He was obviously very smart and skillful, yet also witty, eccentric, and obsessive. It takes one hundred and twenty days for him to paint a replica of a famous Vermeer painting, and the whole project, captured on film, took over five years (2008-2013). For this entire time, Tim’s life seems utterly driven by art and photography.
I am fascinated by the articles written about and by this, shall I say “candid,” young woman, who declares her rights to own and display her sexuality. She is repeatedly quoted as saying she does the work to make money to pay for her $60,000+ per year tuition to Duke.
In Photography, we study the work of Cindy Sherman, who photographs herself in the guises of stereotypical film characters (the housewife, the femme fatale, and the victimized girl of horror movies, for examples), women in art historical portraiture, and mythological, monstrous female forms to critique and parody the representation of a “Woman” across visual culture, specifically as a fantasy persona constructed through the male gaze. Sherman’s strategic role playing in the images articulates the artificiality of her staging and asserts ideas that identity is a performance.
Sherman also makes works that critique the pornography industry specifically. She photographs herself in excessive compositions or uses prosthetic or mannequin bodies to recreate explicit porn-like poses. Her images attempt to frame how these images are staged and strategically non-lifelike.
In Representing Women, we analyze the work of Renee Cox, who also photographs herself in the poses and costumes of various dubious roles for woman. These works satirize and critique the ways women, particularly black women, have been objectified in visual culture historically.
These classes debate how effective Sherman and Cox are in their postmodern parodies. Many students feel these artists are simply contributing to the profusion of visual culture that objectifies women’s bodies. I wondered about the Duke student’s actions and whether they could be thought of as performative acts. Maybe she is working within the system of pornography to expose its problematic history. Perhaps she is acting in the traditions of Feminist icon Gloria Steinem, who was employed as a Playboy Bunny in New York’s Playboy Club in 1963. Steinem then wrote a two part article for Show Magazine exposing how women were treated in the clubs. Here are links to a scanned PDF copy of her essay on the subject and an article about her acts in the New York Times from 1985.
Gloria Steinem as a Playboy bunny.
Is Belle Knox doing research for an exposé? Is she gaining experience for the future career goals that she claimed on ABC’s The View, where she stated that she plans to pursue a law degree to advocate for Civil Rights, and particularly women’s rights? Is she a Feminist?
I still have these questions, and found this provocative article, written by Duke professor Robin Kirk, which raises more issues.
In the article, Kirk underscores the role pornography has played in the objectification and abuse of women, historically and specifically on the Duke campus. Pointing to more distinctly Feminist forms of pornography, she questions what is Feminist or even avant-garde about the student’s performance in this media.
My questions mount! I was particularly moved by seeing Belle Knox speak on ABC’s The View on Monday March 17, as she was interviewed by Whoopi Goldberg, Sherry Shepherd, Jenny McCarthy, and Barbara Walters. I was disappointed that no one on the show spoke of Barbara Walters’ own experiences with pornography, or the display of women’s bodies. In 1962, in an act similar to Gloria Steinem’s, Walters was a Playboy Bunny for a day and reported for NBC’s Today Show. Here is an article about the event with a clip of the story.
On The View, the 18 year old student reported that she has made 25-30 films, for which she was paid $1000-$1500 each, and that her parents supported her positions. She also spoke about the hostile reactions of others when her story was exposed: People have declared she should be expelled from Duke, or even raped; she has received thrash thrown at her and numerous death threats. I found her to be very intelligent and eloquent in speaking about her beliefs and defending her actions, as well as every woman’s right to ownership of her sexuality.
Belle Knox on The View.
The co-hosts were varied in their reactions. Whoopi Goldberg said she understood why the student has said she felt “empowered” by doing the films. Sherry Shepherd, who tends to be the most morally conservative of the group, was almost in tears as she said that her heart broke for the girl and expressed how she would feel if any of her female family members “sold” their sexuality. And although I respect and support many of the Duke student’s positions, I shared Shepherd’s sadness, not from personal or familial experiences of my own, but from thinking about the woman (as well as men, AND children) who have been and continue to be exploited, degraded, and abused in venues of pornography. I would advocate the rights of the Duke student’s and other artists’ and Feminists’ participation in these venues, most especially when their projects intervene on and critique the traditions within they work. And as an educator, I see these acts as stimulating material for conversations and debates about key contemporary issues.
———
* Update: Condé Nast’s The Scene has produced a 25-minute web documentary about Miriam Weeks and her alter-ego Belle Knox that may be worth a watch:
I remember when I was quite young, not quite eight years old, and I visited a neighborhood garage sale. I liked to read and was fairly precocious, so it was natural for me to be drawn to a box of old books in a corner, barely visible among all the various knickknacks and junk. Most of what was in the box was pretty uninteresting, the usual Reader’s Digest collections in hardback and the like. I did find something, though, that caught my eye—a tattered three-volume collection of Shakespeare’s works. I think I paid a dime for all three books.
William Shakespeare.
Now, what is a seven-year-old going to do with Shakespeare? Not that much, at first. The collection sat in the bookshelves in my room until a got a little older. Once I started, however, I read the entire set, all the plays, all the poems. I may not have understood everything I was reading all that well, but I kept on and on.
Certain plays held my attention more than others, Richard III especially. Any of you who have read the play or seen one or more of the numerous film adaptions know well the historical description of this king as a deformed hunchback with a withered arm who had his nephews (the sons of his late brother Edward IV) murdered in the Tower of London and who seized the crown through nefarious means. This description bothered me from the beginning, although I could never put my finger on why. Shakespeare, of course, could hardly write about the late king in a positive light, given that in 1591, when the play was probably written, the Tudor line that overthrew and killed Richard was still in charge in England. It always seemed strange that such an enigmatic figure was written in such a way, particularly when this character was given some of the finest lines read from among all the plays.
Sir Laurence Olivier as Richard III in 1955.
Years went by, and I reviewed the play from time to time, then very little after graduate school. In recent years, I discovered that there was a revival of interest in Richard, especially among those who wanted to reform the negative image created chiefly by Sir Thomas More and dramatized by Shakespeare. After a few moments of online research, I realized that I had been sleeping while new data and information on Richard was being uncovered. Unknown to me, there are several societies and research projects devoted to discovering the truth about Richard, who is, by the way, the current Queen of England’s 14th great-grand-uncle. There is a bunch of new stuff out there, but I will avoid boring anyone with all of it, even though it excites me.
Sir Ian McKellen as a historically-reimagined Richard III in 1995.
The most interesting thing I found out is that Richard III’s remains were discovered underneath a parking lot in 2012 after vanishing over five centuries ago, at the site of the medieval Greyfriars Church, where he was reputed to have been interred. The skeleton was identified, according to researchers, beyond a reasonable doubt as belonging to Richard.
This reasonably-positive identification was made through comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard’s eldest sister, Anne of York. The spine showed considerable deformity consistent with scoliosis, which may have given Richard the appearance of having one shoulder higher than the other.
The Skeleton in the Grave.
The skeleton sustained at least ten wounds demonstrative of battlefield injuries of Richard’s day, when he was killed by the forces of Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, which was the end of the Wars of the Roses and is typically considered to mark the end of the Middle Ages in England. There are plenty of gruesome details and conjectures about the events leading up to his death, and I invite you to do a web search for yourself, if you are at all inclined.
Portrait of Richard III
At this point, the team from the University of Leicester who participated in Richard III’s discovery, among other players, is planning to decode his genome, which has set off a flurry of controversy and protests, even involving Buckingham Palace.
Although history has been unkind to Richard, perhaps justly so in some instances, he was by many accounts an able and talented military commander, a king who reputedly enacted laws to protect the poor, and a noble who lived at the very least according to the principles of his time. He remains an enigma and perhaps always will, but that is what makes him so interesting, at least to me.
“Spectacle” can be broadly defined as a visually striking display, event, or performance. Spectacle has long been associated with live performance, since costumes, scenery, lighting, dance, and other visual elements are frequently used to enhance the performance experience. In my BLS class, Eye Appeal, we focus on the spectacles that occur not only on stage but also in every day life. In my most recent blog entry, I wrote about the spectacle of the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade and its spectacular precursors, the cycle plays of medieval Europe–in this post I’ll focus on Christmas trees and other holiday displays.
The day after Thanksgiving, November 29, 2013, an 18.5-foot Douglas fir was delivered to the White House. Since 1966, the White House Christmas Tree has been provided annually by the National Christmas Tree Association. Since that time, the First Lady has been responsible for creating a theme for the tree each year, and its decoration and lighting has become an annual spectacle for those in the Washington, D.C. area—an interesting blend of politics, religion, and spectacle. There were indeed White House Christmas trees before 1966, but more on that later.
Evergreens have been associated with winter solstice for many centuries. In Ancient Egypt and later in Ancient Rome, for example, evergreens were brought into homes to celebrate the continuation or return of life following the winter. Some believe these pagan solstice traditions were adapted by early Christians and evolved into our modern Christmas tree. The earliest recorded Christmas trees were found in 16th century Germany and were typically decorated with apples. The apple decorations are associated with December 24, as the medieval Christian calendar celebrated Adam and Eve’s Day on that date. Christmas trees were introduced to the United States in the early 1800s and were sold commercially by the 1850s [source]. At the time, Christmas trees were a new “fad” in America and many people associated Christmas trees with the German settlers who introduced them.
Interestingly, the White House Christmas Tree has a controversial past. The first White House Christmas tree was displayed by President Franklin Pierce in 1853. In 1899, while Christmas trees had become more common in America, they were still considered by many to be a fad. A White House Christmas tree was by no means obligatory. That year, Chicago Tribune readers mounted a letter-writing campaign urging President McKinley to buck the Christmas tree trend for a variety of reasons—many letters focused on deforestation, with one writer calling Christmas trees “arboreal infanticide.” Other letter writers called Christmas trees “un-American,” since Christmas trees were still considered a German tradition by many. Given the Christmas tree’s pagan connections, some letter-writers viewed the White House tree as anti-Christian. Controversy surrounding the tree continues today, as some critics wonder if the White House Christmas Tree should focus on tradition rather than religion, or if the tree should exist at all.
The Tree at Rockefeller Center
Perhaps the most iconic Christmas tree in the United States is found in New York City at Rockefeller Center. The tree is positioned just above the famous ice skating rink and immediately front of 30 Rockefeller Plaza. The Rockefeller Center tree has been a tradition for over eighty years and its lighting has become a major entertainment event. The 2013 tree is 76 feet tall, weighs twelve tons, features over 45,000 lights, and is topped with a nine-foot wide Swarovski star.
Two rows of trumpeting angels are installed along the plaza, forming a lane that frames the tree beautifully when viewed from Fifth Avenue. The lighting ceremony has now become a televised event with celebrity hosts and performers; the 2013 lighting ceremony featured Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, the Radio City Rockettes, and many others.
The Radio City Rockettes at the 2013 tree lighting ceremony.
Here in Greensboro, residents of the Sunset Hills neighborhood create an unique annual holiday spectacle: a neighborhood-wide display of lighted “ball” decorations. This local tradition began with Jonathan Smith’s family, residents of Sunset Hills, about sixteen years ago. The balls are homemade, constructed from chicken wire shaped into spheres, then wrapped with a strand of Christmas lights. The balls hang from tree branches, some nearly thirty feet off the ground.
Sunset Hills in Greensboro, NC.
The video below features the 2008 display and Smith discussing how the tradition started.
Winter is coming to Norway. As I write, on the shortest day of the year, the sun rises at 9:45am and sets at 3:30pm. Since it is common for children here to have to wear their woolen long underwear until mid-May, we have a lot of winter yet ahead of us.
Bergen, Norway in Winter Twilight.
Norwegian culture has developed coping mechanisms over the years to help people ‘stay cozy’ through long, dark winters and bad weather. “Koselig” (“Cozy”) is one of the first words one learns upon moving to Norway; the word, or some related root word, is ubiquitous throughout Norwegian culture. To say that you enjoyed a social gathering, you would say, “Vi koste oss,” “We cozied ourselves.” At the end of the week, people look forward to their “fredagskos,” their “Friday cozy.” When the weather outside is frightful, Norwegians love to “cozy themselves” in front of a roaring fire and read, knit, or veg out in front of the television.
Because the weather is so lousy in Bergen (25 days of rain in the last 30), we do watch more TV in the winter than we do the rest of the year. We mostly enjoy sports we didn’t get to watch at home, like Norwegian favorite biathlon (which combines cross-country skiing and target shooting) and the family favorite, ski jumping. My 4-year-old insists ski jumping is her future. I’m glad we live somewhere with free healthcare.
Norwegian Ski-Jumper Anders Bardal in Mid-Flight.
We watch winter sports on TV in part to fill the NFL-shaped hole in our lives and in part because, well, there’s not much else on that appeals to our still-rather-American tastes. Recently, Norway’s public broadcasting system, NRK, has started to garner international attention for being exceptionally, spectacularly slow. Earlier this year, the New York Times gently mocked their enormously popular program on firewood, featuring expert tips on chopping, drying and stacking it, followed by eight hours of a fire burning in a fireplace, “all night long, in suspensefully unscripted configurations.” Riveting stuff.
Lars Mytting of Elverum, Norway, author of the bestselling Solid Wood: All About Chopping, Drying, and Stacking Wood — and the Soul of Wood-Burning.
This fall, NRK aired a four-hour documentary taking viewers through the process of how a wool sweater is made, from the sheep shearing to the sewing of the final seams. They then devoted an additional five hours of airtime to an attempt to break the knitting world record. Said the producer, “it’s kind of ordinary TV but very slow, although they’ll be knitting as fast as they can” (Yahoo). Unfortunately, I missed the broadcast and so can only imagine the drama that five hours of fast knitting can create.
This week it was announced that “Slow-TV” (“Sakte-TV”) is the 2013 “New Word of the Year” here in Norway, and Television Business International has named Slow-TV the year’s “Best New Format” (TBI).
The thing is, Slow-TV is not really all that new in Norway. Their first live slow broadcast was in 2009, when they covered the scenic train trip from Oslo to Bergen, minute by minute, for 7 hours and 16 minutes. Thirty percent of Norway’s entire population watched. A year later, when the program was exported to Danish TV, 170,000 Danes tuned in, at a time of day when the channel was normally off the air. This suggested to the network that it “wasn’t just Norwegian patriotism driving viewers to their TV screens,” but a broader “need for a soothing, anti-overload experience” (NRK).
(Here’s a ten-minute clip from Bergensbanen, worth viewing in full-screen):
“Primarily because we’re a publicly funded Public Service Broadcaster with a responsibility towards Norwegian culture; a responsibility for covering things important to the inhabitants of a small country, a country that in spite of, or perhaps because of, our significant oil wealth has a vulnerable culture. And programmes like this aren’t economically feasible for a commercial channel; to a large amount of the public it probably seems completely useless, but to some of our viewers it can have a very high value, be something they wouldn’t get in any other way, and in twenty or two hundred years, it will be a strange document of life at the edge of civilisation from a different time” (NRK).
Though I may not yet be sufficiently Norwegianized to sit through so many hours of fire crackling/sheep shearing/coastline passing, it’s not difficult to appreciate the state’s efforts to preserve these aspects of Norwegian culture that make Norway Norway, and provide such a koselig “anti-overload experience.” We might laugh at the slow hokiness of some of this programming, but as a friend of mine commented when I posted a status about this phenomenon on Facebook: “Remember this when you return to the land of bloodbath-and-misogyny network programming.”
Norwegian Biathlete Halvard Hanevold Shooting from Skis.
I leave you with “The Cabin,” a video from the Ylvis brothers poking fun at cabin culture, another slow way Norwegians like to unplug and cozy themselves.
Ah, Christmas. ‘Tis the season, deck the halls, joy to the world, and all that stuff.
Christmas Tree, 2013
Christmas is supposed to be the most wonderful time of the year, and yet, celebrations often come with obligations and complications. Christmas, for those of us that partake in it, has multiple, and sometimes conflicting meanings. For some, Christmas is a religious observance. Although I respect the Christian origins of the holiday, I don’t follow any particular religion, have been to church only a handful of times, and associate Christmas more with elves than I do wise men. Christmas is primarily a commercial event for many people, and although I do enjoy giving and receiving, I appreciate the thought put into a gift more so than the dollar amount. Finally, Christmas, for many, surrounds family traditions. For me, the term “family” is as diverse as the specific activities that I enjoy with different family members. “Families” can be groups you are born or adopted into, ones your divorced parents marry you into, ones you yourself marry into, and ones that accumulate throughout your life from circles of friends and colleagues. I enjoy spending time with all these individuals, but I value more personal time with smaller groups than large gatherings where I exchange small talk with a variety of people. I also appreciate private time during the holidays, in which I have more time to paint, write, read, and watch movies. I believe the notion of “celebrating” should not be limited to one set of activities on one specific day. My rituals aren’t always traditional, but they are genuine and specific to me. So far this season, my mom has come to NC from Ohio to visit me, and we did a lot of Christmas shopping. I gave her one of my watercolor paintings, and she showered me and my husband with gifts. Giving to her children and grandchildren throughout the year and especially at Christmas is a great joy to her. And I certainly benefit and appreciate that joy! It was fun shopping with her for me, as well as for other members of the family.
Ann with the Shark
Here is a photograph of me at the mall, holding a giant, stuffed shark she bought for her grandson (my nephew). I smiled as I traveled through the mall carrying the shark and people smiled back at me. I wish I had thought to photo-bomb the Christmas Santa, but it gives me a new activity for next year. The week before Christmas, I went to a matinee of American Hustle with friends who also had free time. My friend Jay picked me up, and my friend Julie drove me home and helped my dye my hair a festive red. In appreciation, I made a small painting for her of her favorite flower, the hibiscus. These kinds of activities may not directly relate to Christmas, but they contribute to my seasonal cheer.
Hibiscus, 2013
My husband and I have a non-traditional Christmas palm tree he usually puts up, but this year, I wanted to contribute more, so I made a collage of a tree with acrylic paint and images from magazines. For me, it represents how we design our own, unique Christmas rituals. I bought him a smoker as an early Christmas present, so he could smoke us a Thanksgiving turkey. It was delicious, and I am looking forward to the Christmas turkey! He enjoys cooking, and I enjoy eating everything he prepares, according to my tastes. It makes him happy when I am happy. On Dec. 25, as he prepares our meal, I will wear my Christmas-themed pajamas, binge-watch Modern Family on DVD, and indulge in an afternoon glass of wine.
After Christmas day, my dad and step-mom will come from Ohio to Durham to visit me, my step-sister, and our families. There will be dinners, movies, and possible cookie decorating with my 5 year old niece, as we try not to wake up her 6 month old brother. Every year, my dad jokes about how I used to behave during Christmas as a child. When I was young, Christmas was primarily about the presents, although I reveled in all the Christmas activities: making and decorating cookies; hanging all the ornaments, garland, and lights, inside and outside the house; sitting on Santa’s lap; and caroling. My dad chuckles as he recalls how I would be awake almost all night on Christmas Eve in anticipation. I loved opening presents and then throughout the day, despite my sleep deprivation, playing with new toys with my cousins from out of town, or playing board games with my grandparents. I also adored eating a Christmas dinner that I “helped” my mom prepare and falling asleep early in front of the Christmas tree. Then in a few days, after New Year’s was over, the tree came down, I went back to school, and I crashed. Teachers would call my parents to express concern about my melancholy. I attribute this now somewhat with it being winter in Ohio, but I know it was largely due to just letdown and exhaustion. I would cheer up over time.
These activities may be familiar some of my readers and foreign to others, raising the question: What is the true meaning of Christmas? I think there are many answers. Perhaps the more important question to ask is how to take the elements of joy we feel at Christmas and spread them throughout the year. I would say to everyone, regardless of the season: bake, if you enjoy it; sing if you feel compelled; decorate your surroundings with color; relish time with loved ones; be generous and thoughtful; and have a piece of red velvet cake with ice cream and savor every bite.
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Turkish jets strike Kurds in Iraq, Islamic State in Syria
ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — Turkish jets struck camps belonging to Kurdish militants in northern Iraq, authorities said Saturday, the first strikes since a peace deal was announced in 2013, and again bombed Islamic State positions in Syria. The strikes in Iraq targeted the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, whose affiliates have been effective in battling the Islamic State group. The strikes further...
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AKCAKALE, Turkey — Hundreds of Syrian refugees poured into a Turkish-Syrian border crossing Saturday, fleeing intense fighting as Syrian Kurds closed in on an Islamic State-held town — the only passageway linking the extremist group’s stronghold of Raqqa with Turkey. In Syria, a country now split...
Story follows revelations Osama Bin Laden assassination story is a ruse
by Kurt Nimmo, INFOWARS
Following damaging revelations by ace journalist Seymour Hersh that the
Osama bin Laden assassination story is a lie, the US government has floated
a new story — its commandos killed Abu...
Turkey jets flying from a base in Turkey's southeast struck Islamic State group targets across the border in Syria for the second straight night, the government said Saturday. The fighter jets also hit camps belonging to Kurdish militants in northern Iraq.
ANKARA, Turkey -- Turkish warplanes struck Islamic State group targets across the border in Syria on Friday, government officials said, a day after IS militants fired at a Turkish military outpost, killing a soldier. The bombing is a strong tactical shift for Turkey which had long been reluctant to...
Kurdish fighters pushed forces of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria from the crucial Syrian border city of Kobani on Saturday, a monitoring group said, after two days of bloody fighting in which at least 145 civilians were killed.
It's the latest in a wave of successes by independence-minded...
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FEATURED STORY
by Janet Haney
Alvin Roth can be described as any of the following:
karate enthusiast, high school dropout, and most
recently, Nobel Prize winner. An eclectic blend of
characteristics but all true of Roth, who in October
was awarded the prestigious Sveriges Riksbank
Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred
Nobel, an honor he shares with Lloyd S. Shapley
of University of California, Los Angeles. The two
scholars were recognized for their contributions
to the theory of stable allocations and the practice
of market design.
A native New Yorker, Roth attended public high
school in Queens, and while a student, he was
enrolled in the Columbia Science Honors Program.
He never received his high school
diploma though and admits he was
“sort of an unhappy high school
student.” But this bump in the road
is all ancient history and did not deter
Roth from earning his bachelor’s degree
in operations research at Columbia
Engineering, and his master’s and PhD
in 1973 and 1974, respectively, from
Stanford University. “I had an abrupt
break with my high school,” says Roth.
“People at Columbia knew me and they
wrote me letters of recommendation.
So that was a college I could get into
without credentials, and I was very
happy to go there. Talk about life-changing
experiences. Columbia threw
me a lifeline.”
In typical Nobel Prize fashion, Roth,
the Craig and Susan McCaw Professor
of Economics at Stanford, got the news
via a 3:30 a.m. phone call. “By 4:30
a.m., a team of Stanford public relations
staff was in our dining room,” he
recalls with a laugh. “I had 1,500 email
messages that day and a lot of them
were from news organizations. I would
talk to someone for seven minutes and
then do it all over again.”
So needless to say, when asked what
it feels like to be a Nobel Prize winner,
Roth simply states, “Hectic but good.”
Roth, who is also the Gund Professor
Emeritus of Economics and Business
Administration at Harvard, remains
consistently humble and always
mentions “we” when referring to his
vast accomplishments, rarely using “I.”
While Roth and Shapley worked
independently, the combination of
Shapley’s basic theory—the Gale-Shapley algorithm—and as cited by
the Royal Swedish Academy, “Roth’s
empirical investigations, experiments,
and practical design has generated
a flourishing field of research and
improved the performance of many
markets.” The men were recognized
for their outstanding example of
economic engineering.
Roth’s market examinations have
led to the redesign of aligning kidney
donors to patients, matching medical
residents with hospitals, pairing
students with public schools in large
urban settings, and more.
“One way to tell my story is that I
started out as an operations researcher
who studied game theory. I stood
my ground while the disciplinary
boundaries in operations research
shifted around me,” he says. “I’m still
doing what I set out to do, but it turns
out that that makes me an economist
these days.”
To date, 82 Columbians—including
alumni, faculty, adjunct faculty,
researchers, and administrators—have
won a Nobel Prize at some point in
their careers. Within that number are
two Columbia Engineering graduates
who have won the Nobel Prize in
Economics: Robert C. Merton BS’66
in 1997 and now Roth in 2012, both
from programs housed in the Industrial
Engineering and Operations
Research Department.
Roth made his way back to Stanford
just last year after having taught at
Harvard for 14 years. At Harvard,
he created two new courses—Market
Design and Experimental Economics—that he plans to teach to Stanford
students.
“When I was a student at Columbia
… I eventually got interested in things
that involve a lot of people, and that
led me to market design,” Roth says.
“The same thing that was exciting as an
undergraduate is still exciting.”
Q Please explain the research that was recognized by
the Nobel Committee.
A There are two parts to that. One is the study
of matching, which they call the study of stable
allocations. The other is market design. My colleagues
and I study matching markets, which are markets
where price doesn’t do all the work the way it does
in commodity markets. So there are markets in which
people on both sides of the market care who they are
matched to. These are some of the most important
markets in our lives; they determine where you go to
school and college, what job you get, maybe even who
you marry. In matching markets, you can’t just choose
what you want; you also have to be chosen.
As
we start to understand how these
markets work a little bit better, we can
help fix them when they’re broken.
We’ve helped to design school choice
procedures for New York high schools,
Boston public schools, and, lately, a
number of other cities. We’ve helped
design labor market clearinghouses
for a variety of health care professions.
We’ve helped design kidney exchange
protocols. A lot of what we do is make
small changes that make existing market
places run smoother.
Whenever we successfully make
a market design solution that gets
implemented, there are always a lot of
people on the ground associated with
that. When we design a school choice
system, it means that in the city where
it succeeded there are some dedicated
educators who got excited about it and
carried it forward. When we design
a medical marketplace, it means that
some doctors got excited about it.
When we design a kidney exchange, it means that there are kidney surgeons
who are pushing it forward. We help
them. Market design is a team sport.
Q When did you know that Shapley’s
basic theory combined with your
research would help to improve
some markets?
A When I first started studying the
markets for new doctors, I found that
the way they had been organized in
the 1950s was closely related to the
work the late mathematician and
economist David Gale and Shapley
did in the 1960s. When I noticed that,
I started to understand how the work
of Lloyd and his colleagues would help
me understand how markets worked.
The specific work they did on market
clearing algorithms has been of big
practical importance in designing
clearinghouses, and it also serves as
a guide to many of the things that
even decentralized marketplaces have
to accomplish.
Q How do you come up with your
research ideas?
A There are times when we reach out
and there are times when we’re reached
out to. New York City called me.
The medical marketplace called me.
There are other markets where we’ve
approached them. We wrote about the
kidney exchange and sent papers to
surgeons, and one of them followed
up. That was Dr. Frank Delmonico of
Harvard Medical School, who was one
of my guests in Stockholm. We helped
him form the New England program
for kidney exchange once we had gotten
his interest. I’m still doing lots of work
on kidney exchange—that’s not done.
As things get established, people
develop new strategies; the marketplace
has to react a little bit. That’s an
ongoing process of design and redesign.
Markets have rules. That’s part of what
market design is, setting the rules of
the marketplace.
Q What are some of your favorite
Columbia memories?
A My main activity at Columbia
wasn’t academic. My most vivid
memories of Columbia involve being a
karate player. It wasn’t a varsity sport, it
was a club, but we had a team and we
played other clubs. I was involved in a
Japanese style of karate called Shotokan
karate. I was only at Columbia for three
years, so it was something I did all three
years. I also have fond memories of
many of my professors, including Cyrus
Derman, who convinced me to go to
graduate school.
Q After Stanford, you set off on
an academic career. Where have
you taught?
A I taught at the University of
Illinois (1974–1982), the University of
Pittsburgh (1982–1998), and Harvard
(1998–2012). Illinois was my first
job, and I started the work on kidney
matching there, and I met my wife
there. Pittsburgh was a great job, and
we built a big center of experimental
economics there. I did my first design
work there. I redesigned the medical
match while I was at Pittsburgh.
Our children were born there. Harvard
was great, and that helped make these
things into recognizable fields. Here at
Stanford, I’m going to be colleagues
of some of my Harvard students.
That’s a special thing.
Q Is anyone in the family following in
your footsteps?
A Our son Aaron graduated from
Columbia College with a joint major
in computer science and mathematics
in 2002. He’s now a professor of
computer science at the University of
Pennsylvania. Our son Ben is a first-year
PhD student in economics at MIT,
thinking about development economics.
My wife Emilie has the exciting job
in the family. She’s a human factors
engineer. She thinks about the man—the person—in the system. She and I are both concerned with complicated
systems that involve people, but she’s
concerned with them dealing with
machines. I’m concerned with them
dealing with markets.
Q Who was with you in Stockholm
for the Nobel Prize ceremony?
A We were allowed 14 guests.
Our guests were our children, some
relatives and friends, and a bunch
of colleagues on market design
projects—other economists, operations
researchers, practitioners, two kidney
surgeons, an education professional,
and a job market matchmaker.
Q How will you use your shared $1.2
million award money?
A I haven’t really thought about that.
Q Where does a Nobel Prize winner
go from here?
A It’s a great honor to be chosen,
and it’s a great honor to share
the prize with Lloyd. He was
a giant of game theory when
I was a graduate student.
Going forward, I’m hoping
to write a book on market
design addressed to a broad
audience. It’s going to be
called “Who Gets What?”
I’m also still deeply involved
in work on school choice and
kidney exchange, and other
aspects of transplantation,
and I’m looking forward to
seeing what new projects
materialize.
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Pages
June 20, 2012
Deepak Chopra
Some years ago, my wife at the time (long since ex-wife) came home from shopping with a new book. I do not recall the title, but the author was Deepak Chopra. I suspect she bought it because she'd either heard about it on Oprah or knew someone who recommended it to her. But it made sense that it would appeal to her. She was feeling somewhat trapped between an atheist husband and a deeply religious mother. On most days, she would say that she really wasn't sure what she believed. She had been raised to value spirituality but had been turned off by organized religion. I think Chopra's book fit perfectly well into her search to find some sort of belief system with which she could align herself.
I was not particularly familiar with Chopra at the time. All I really knew of him was that he appeared to be a genius at marketing himself as some sort of New Age figure. The few times I remember seeing him on TV, I marveled at his ability to sound like he was delivering profound wisdom even though he wasn't communicating much of value. Still, I viewed him as harmless.
My ex-wife enjoyed his book and suggested that I read it. I had very little time or interest in reading because I was working on my Ph.D. and often felt like reading was all I did most days. But I did give it a try, making it about a quarter of the way through before giving up, calling it bullshit, and getting back to work.
Today, I'm not so sure Chopra and his ilk are harmless. I'm not sure if he had a lasting impact on my ex-wife, but I do remember her going through a period of dismissing Western medicine, science, and reason for assorted New Age bunk. My guess is that this was something she needed to go through and that it would have happened with or without Chopra. I'm not sure this is the case for everyone, and his brand of false hope can be expensive. Besides, critical thinking is challenging enough without someone intentionally seeking to undermine it to line his pockets.
I haven't thought about any of this in quite some time. What prompted it was a post at Unreasonable Faith. It seems that someone noticed that much of the "wisdom" Chopra spouts in his Twitter account seem like randomly arranged words and decided to have some fun with it. What a great idea!
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Left column house ads
Twitter
Seen & Heard: 30-Story Building Coming to Greenwich Street
••• It has been one full year since the hotel planned for 456 Greenwich blocked off three sidewalks, and still no activity—except for the cars being allowed to park on the far side. Why doesn’t anyone—CB1, the Department of Buildings, the Department of Transportation—insist the owner move the fences so people won’t end up crossing Greenwich mid-block?
••• The six-story building at 537 Greenwich (between Charlton and Vandam), built in 1909, is being torn down. Cape Advisors plans a gray 30-story building there (calling it 110 Charlton). I don’t know if we’ve seen this rendering below.
••• StrollerlessTribecaHottie says that we can add another business to the card-only list: “Drybar (including the one in Tribeca) has not accepted cash as of April. What sucks is that the stylists (of course) prefer to receive tips in cash but the salon does not have any cash on hand for change. So I assume a lot of customers end up tipping by credit card which isn’t great for the stylists. (If you don’t have change, you can go to Starbucks next door. They’re very nice about breaking a bill as long as you’re willing to wait for someone who uses cash so that they can open the register. LOL!)”
••• Has there ever been a more beautiful year for Japanese pagoda trees? (Actually, the NYC street tree map says the ones on Greenwich are honey locusts, but they all look delightful to me.)
The barricaded sidewalks create a major pedestrian hazard. When attempting to cross Greenwich from the south west corner, there is no way to see whether are cars are coming down the street without stepping way into the middle of the road and putting yourself directly in harms way if a car happens to be coming.
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Arson, theft reported at Mt. Holly residence
Cindy Kleeman, 58, of Bradford, N.H., reported that a home she owns, located at 5456 Route 155 in Mt. Holly, was burglarized and a fire set inside sometime on Aug. 24.
The fire was no longer burning when Kleeman entered the house, but Mt. Holly Fire Department volunteers responded as a precautionary measure to ensure that the fire was extinguished.
No injuries were reported.
Det. Sgt. Michael Manley from the Vermont State Police Fire Investigation Unit reported that he is working with an investigator from the Vermont Department Fire Safety as part of a fire origin and cause investigation.
Manley noted that the residence was forcefully entered and personal items were stolen.
The VSP report also stated that the fire that had been intentionally set inside the residence and apparently was extinguished on its own; the fire caused moderate damage.
Manly is asking anyone with information to call the Vermont Arson Tip Award Program at 1-800-32 ARSON, up to a $5,000 reward, or the Rutland State Police Barracks.
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Collaborative Learning and Sharing
Before starting with setup process lets first briefly go through what Sidekiq is? and how it works? Sidekiq provides very handy and efficient way to perform most of our work asynchronously in a job. Provided Redis cache connection to it, it serializes all job parameters in Redis and deserializes it while picking it up for execution based on priority of job as it uses queue data structure to store each job in particular queue specified in job and each queue has its priority defined as high,...
If you are using Sidetiq to set recurrence to schedule background jobs, then you may want to be aware of this known and reported issue with 'recurrence'. (btw, recurrence schedule is done using ice_cube gem)
2. If this url shows...
In most of our apps, we probably need to execute few background tasks more often, like every 10 minutes, once a week, etc. For scheduling these jobs, we need a scheduler that can re-run these tasks on specified intervals.
There are few schedulers like whenever, resque-scheduler, rufus-scheduler, etc that can do the job. However, these gems are not compatible Sidekiq and with apps deployed on Heroku.
Rohan and team is beyond a technical expert and reliable developer. He has that unique understanding that products used everyday by people have an effect on their well-being. He's a craftsman who pays attention to detail on items that many would overlook...and it's often the details that matter most.
Dave Crumby, CEO, Realvolve.com
Kiprosh has worked closely with our team to deliver numerous high profile projects. They care about the things we care about: best practice, tested code, constant communication, agile methods and creativity. We're always pleased with their work and are happy to consider them our colleagues and friends.
Matthew Gow, CTO, Crossroads Foundation Ltd.
I highly recommend Rohan and his team at Kiprosh. They are not only easy to work with, but incredibly skilled and trustworthy. Very happy with the results they have delivered.
Bridget Griffin, Director at The Intelligent REIT Investor
Rohan and his team at Kiprosh were invaluable in building multiple products, affordably and with high quality. Kiprosh engineers are highly skilled in Rails and other platforms, professional, dependable, and offer great value. I definitely recommend Rohan and Kiprosh to anyone needing an outsource engineering group.
Joshua DeFord, Product Management Leader
Kiprosh is quick and flexible to pick up on various existing projects which proved to be a great help in our growth. We having been jointly developing and enhancing our server and mobile applications since the last quarter of 2014.
Chris Yuen, CTO, GoGoVan
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A force in the Quebec Junior Hockey League with 42 goals and 80 points in his 60-game rookie season, Lafreniere has followed that up with 12 goals and 34 points in his first 19 games for the Oceanic this season. Add in his stellar play at the IIHF U18 World Championship and Hlinka Gretzky Cup and you have a player who is a level above the rest of the 2020 draft class in our rankings.
All signs point to Lafreniere becoming a special player. The next big stage for him to conquer is the World Juniors.
Sudbury Wolves centre Quinton Byfield sits second in our rankings and he’s just starting to scratch the surface of what he could become. Already 6-foot-3 ½ and 213 pounds, the 16-year-old is a great athlete with a ton of raw talent.
Swedish winger Lucas Raymond lands at No. 3. The Frolunda right wing is an elusive and shifty playmaker who has a style of game that reminds me of Maple Leafs star Mitch Marner. He and fellow Swede Alexander Holtz (No. 5) were very impressive as underage players at the Hlinka Gretzky Cup. Holtz, a left wing, reminds me of Nashville’s Filip Forsberg – a shooter and goal scorer with the ability to drive play.
The Halifax Mooseheads prospect pipeline shows no signs of slowing, with defenceman Justin Barron at No. 4 on our list. The 6-foot-2, 199-pound blueliner is on track to join Filip Zadina, Nico Hischier, Timo Meier, Nikolaj Ehlers and Nathan MacKinnon on the list of recent high first-round NHL picks from the Mooseheads organization.
Two other Canadian defenceman are in the top 10. Jamie Drysdale (No. 6) is a dynamic blueliner for the OHL’s Erie Otters. He can skate, move the puck and is comfortable jumping into the play. Ryan O’Rourke (No. 8) is a smooth-skating defender for the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds who is calm and under control no matter what situation he’s in. Both players certainly fit the mould of the modern NHL defenceman.
Also of note in the Top 10 is USNTDP Juniors defenceman Jake Sanderson, who is the son of longtime NHL winger Geoff Sanderson. The 6-foot, 170-pound blueliner, who grew up playing in Calgary, has made a verbal commitment to the University of North Dakota.
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NWSL Attendance Watch: Week 17
Thorns FC supporters group Rose City Riveters raised a tifo at the last regular season home game in JELD-WEN, which saw an NWSL record crowd of 17,619 fans. (Photo copyright Meg Linehan for The Equalizer)
This was the biggest week of the season for the NWSL. The league had six games as the season is winding down, with Portland hosting twice. Every hosting team drew more fans than they have averaged for the year. Chicago pulled off a huge crowd with their first sellout of the year. With all of the fans from this week, the league has now easily crossed the 300,000 mark.
Now onto Portland. With two home games this week, Portland drew over 30,000 fans for the week. That is more fans than six of the other teams have drawn at home all year. The Thorns saw a huge crowd for their Wednesday night game, and then broke the league record for attendance for the FOX Soccer game of the week.
There are seven games next week with the playoff picture shaping up. There should be a big crowd on Saturday to see the Flash take on the Thorns.
Here are the NWSL’s attendance numbers through Week 17 (77 games):
Average Attendance: 4,287
(Average Attendance Without Portland’s Home Games: 2,781)
Attendance Standard Deviation: 4,007
Median Attendance: 2,899
Total Attendance to date: 330,086
(Total Attendance Without Portland’s Home Games: 183,565)
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A very clever spot to put a MST3K tattoo; Joel, Tom Servo, and Crow T. Robot are ideally-positioned to mock any other tattoos that make their way onto this young lady’s back in the future. (And you know they will.)
That’s some pretty impressive forward-thinking for someone who got a big, permanent ink stain right above her ass.
Via Ugliest Tattoos, who thinks “tramp stamp” is demeaning and wishes that I would just say “ass art.”
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To Avoid Fires In Flight, Airlines Move To Restrict 'Smart' Luggage
Airlines including American, Delta and Alaska have announced restrictions on smart luggage. These are bags and suitcases that have phone chargers built in. Some have scales to get your luggage weight just right. There's even a robot suitcase that follows you around so you don't have to pull it. These features of course require power, often in the form of lithium-ion batteries, and that is what's the problem. Here to tell us more about the new rules on flying with these bags is our own reporter Laurel Wamsley. Hi there.
LAUREL WAMSLEY, BYLINE: Hi, Kelly.
MCEVERS: So what are the airlines saying about smart luggage?
WAMSLEY: Well, they've announced that beginning January 15, customers who have one of these smart bags have to remove the battery. And - well, specifically, they need to be able to remove the battery whether they're checking the bag or carrying it on. So if they're going to check their bag, they have to take out the battery and bring it onboard with them. And then, if the battery does have a battery - if the bag has a bag - battery that can't be removed, they really can't bring it at all.
MCEVERS: Are these rules issued by some of the airlines? Are these the rules that were issued by the airlines? I mean, what are the FAA - what does the FAA say about this?
WAMSLEY: Right. So these announcements are all from these three different airlines so far, and a couple more say they're considering similar measures. The FAA basically says that these rules follow the guidelines that they already have regarding lithium batteries. They already say that you should carry on devices that have these batteries whenever possible instead of checking them. Basically the FAA - these regulations are basically treating these batteries the same way they already treat spare lithium batteries.
MCEVERS: Are these the same batteries that were exploding in Samsung phones last year and in hoverboards the year before that?
WAMSLEY: Yes, they are.
MCEVERS: OK.
WAMSLEY: So these lithium batteries which are found in lots of electronics these days because they're really efficient - they're really small. They pack a lot of power. But the ones in the smart suitcases are bigger than the ones that were in the smartphones that were exploding last year.
These ones - you know, they can power a suitcase behind you. They can power a laptop - all these things. So with that bigger size, there's kind of more danger. And also, again, because they're in these suitcases, there are just more of them in the luggage hold. So lithium is just this really reactive material. So if there's any manufacturing errors or anything like that in the devices, they can ignite and cause what's called thermal runaway leading to fire or explosions.
MCEVERS: OK, so if they pose a fire hazard, won't they be just as dangerous in a carry-on as they would be in checked luggage?
WAMSLEY: Yeah, great question. So I asked a guy at American Airlines about this, and the spokesman told me that the reason why you're still allowed to have these onboard in the cabin is that in the cabin, people can fight the fire if one starts. If a fire breaks out in the cargo hold, it's really hard to fight it because there's no one down there. There's just all these suitcases. But if one breaks out onboard, you can just kind of, you know, dunk the battery in water and things like that and put it out.
MCEVERS: So passengers and crew will be fighting a fire?
WAMSLEY: Yes, and apparently that's the plan.
MCEVERS: American Airlines said it made its announcement ahead of the holidays so people would know about it as they're buying gifts. But what about people who already own one of these suitcases?
WAMSLEY: Right. So again, this only affects bags that don't have removable batteries. So if you have one of the bags and the battery is removable, you're fine. You just have to take it out if you're checking it. But if you have one where the battery isn't removable, you should probably pack a different bag. And again, other airlines are looking at similar measures, so you should probably check with your airline before you pack your bag.
MCEVERS: NPR's Laurel Wamsley explaining new regulations announced by some airlines on rules for smart luggage. Thank you very much.
WAMSLEY: You're welcome.
(SOUNDBITE OF THE HAGGIS HORNS' "CURSE OF THE HAGGIS") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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…is that people are already donating key resources. Just moments after I posted the proposal, Dave Chakrabarti offered to build a Drupal site for the project.
And today, Morgan Dusatko said he’d help me produce a video for the Kickstarter campaign.
On my own, the site would have been a run-of-the-mill WordPress install, and the video might have come from my web cam. These early gifts are a big deal. Thank you!
A little help from my friends…
I also got some great resources from successful Kickstarter campaigner and filmmaker Sam Mayfield. If you’re curious about the ins, outs, ups and downs of Kickstarter, here’s a guide that I found pretty useful and another story with insider insight into the Kickstarter team and the emotional fortitude it requires to run a campaign there.
More feedback and questions I’m working on…
Budget
Budget questions are going in two directions.
A couple of people asked how I’m using the money. It’s a pretty simple breakdown:
$500 for equipment (camera, mic, tripod and cases)
$5000 for plains, trains and automobuses ($500/city, and I’ll be looking for hosts for sleeping)
$4500 keep-me-alive budget (or $50/day)
Honestly, it’s pretty slim, especially the keep-me-alive budget. I’ll be doing this with a full-time focus, so I’m trying to avoid taking on client work during the Adventure.
And that was the other issue. One very experienced friend said I should raise the goal to $15,000. That way, I will have a cushion and can contract for technical support. This would be brilliant, especially to have an editor catching footage via Dropbox and cutting it for the web.
But, as my mom pointed out, $15,000 just sounds like so much more than $10,000. What to do?
I’d love to find a couple of key sponsors to come in at $2,500 and raise the rest from the crowd. Any ideas for who would “get” the project and like to be have top billing on the site?
Other Questions and Comments (aka an FAQ-in-draft)
My good friend and colleague Vicky suggested that this story is special because it’s not about wealthy or famous people. In our celebrity-obsessed culture, this is about everyday people organizing together, and I should focus on the everday-ness of it, the practical, DIY ingenuity that will show others that they can do it, too.
What creative methods will you use to engage your supporters in the development of this new resource, or in making the project happen generally? For example, the way in which you collect and curate the stories could be open and collaborative. You could open it up to submissions beyond just those folks you interview.
To that I say, yes, yes and more yes. I will be very interested in curating content from lots of people. If you want to contribute content or have cool (Drupal-friendly) platform ideas for making sharing easy and engaging, please let me know.
What are you going to do with the stuff when it’s done – where will it live? And suggests that I offer some sample video interviews to give people a feel for the project.
The material will be updated constantly to the new site throughout the project, not just when it’s “done,” so it will be a living, growing resource as the project develops. When the project is done, I’ll be asking the community built around it what should happen next.
And I have time for at least one interview video sample before the Kickstarter campaign starts.
Do you have stakeholders and champions in each of the cities you have identified? Do they, themselves, feel part of this New Giving identity? If not, is that part of the how the tour will serve this community?
Yes and no. I’ve tapped a bunch of folks in those cities, and they’re starting to chime in with interest and offers of support, but it’s a great idea to do a city-by-city campaign tactic. Monday is DC Day, Tuesday is for NYC, etc.
“New Giving” is a new term, and part of this project is to test the parameters of what that identity can mean. By and large, the people who I’ve talked to who are leading some kind of New Giving understand and feel a connection to the term. I’m sure there will be dissenters.
Chickens and Eggs
The trouble with jump-starting a movement is that a lot of people aren’t familiar with what’s going on (hence the need for the jump-start) and some ask for a bunch of definitions and data up front that don’t exist yet.
Some people are concerned that a wide audience not already tuned into New Giving projects won’t understand and want me to make it simple.
Some people ask a ton of questions that don’t have answers yet and suggest that they wouldn’t contribute to the campaign if those questions aren’t answered.
Unfortunately, it can’t work both ways. It’s got to be either simple and compelling or a PhD thesis that satisfies every particular curiosity, but is too immense for the campaign to work for web-sized attention spans.
So, let me lay this out as the basic premise and see how it flies:
Adventures in New Giving is about discovery, storytelling and community-building.
On the discovery side, this is a field research project. What is going on? Who are these New Givers? Why are they giving? And what can strengthen their impact?
I believe this is a compelling story. Why are people doing this in the depths of a recession? How can we help more people follow their lead?
On community: based on what I know, people are not networking beyond their particular New Giving project circles. What we have now is an organic uprising of a self-organized giving communities and platforms for organizing crowds. How can we build a mutual aid network that can learn, share and enhance their impact together?
That’s the chicken, or more likely the egg.
Keep the feedback and questions coming. They’re all very appreciated. Thank you!
I’ve been cooking up a new project idea. Please read the whole piece for the background on “New Giving” and the genesis of the idea, but here is the core concept and request for collaboration…
Adventures in New Giving: Exploring the Frontiers of the Altruistic Economy
What is it?
A 10-city, 90-day tour to the hotbeds of New Giving in the US (and maybe Canada) this summer.
Collecting stories (interviews and case studies in text, pictures and video) from New Givers and New Giving grantees, as well as Big Givers, non-profit leaders, and social entrepreneurs with insights to share.
Hosting micro-summits of the local New Giving community at each stop to help weave the local networks, while connecting them to the national narrative.
All gathered on a new web site that I hope will become a resource hub for current and potential New Givers, their supporters and project fundraisers.
I can’t do it alone. I need lots of collaborators to help me find and tell those stories.
I also can’t pay for this project alone. If I can sublet my apartment (and find a long-term cat sitter), I still need to cover some basic bills to stay focused on the project, pay for the travel (while couch surfing to save money), and buy some equipment.
I think the whole thing would come to $10,000. I hope it will be worth much more to the growing New Giving community.
In true New Giving form, I am considering running a Kickstarter campaign to gather the funds. For those who haven’t seen it, Kickstarter helps people fund creative projects in small increments coming from friends, family and friendly strangers.
I’m writing this post to find out if people think this Kickstarter campaign and project idea will fly. Is $10k reasonable? Would you kick in a contribution and share it with your network? Do you have ideas to improve the concept?
I have met amazing people and had a number of inspiring and challenging insights shared with me. I believe there is a new movement coming together: philanthropy is now cool.
Take my home base of Seattle, for example. There are at least six young philanthropy projects, including Awesome Foundation, Sprout, the local Philanthro Chapter, Agency (aka Party with a Purpose), Service Girls, and Social Justice Fund NW’s Giving Projects. And I’m still learning about more efforts here and around the world all the time.
And I’ve been looking for a name – what to call this movement? Last November, Awesome Foundation founder Tim Hwang wrote a blog post where he defined it as “New Giving,” something apart from Big Giving (think traditional foundations).
For Tim, New Giving is marked by small-scale funding that permits “organic growth… for a critical level of expertise and experience to congeal.”
I believe New Giving has at least 3 strains:
Crowdfunding.
Grassroots, community-driven philanthropy that relies on collective action, rather than individual wealth, to take action.
I also believe New Giving builds social capitalthrough the sharing of financial capital. It is a new form of civic engagement in an era of deep skepticism of governments and the political process. People are supporting solutions directly with their cash and their time.
Why is this happening now, especially given our ongoing economic uncertainty? What does this young movement need to flourish? What can I do to catalyze the next wave of growth?
I want to find out. I want to help tell the story of New Giving and build a more robust community of New Givers who can support each other and make it easier for more people to join in.
As I said above, please let me know what you think about Adventures in New Giving: below in the comments, via email (james.nathaniel [at] gmail [dot] com) or on Twitter @nj140, and/or by signing up for the updates list here.
Last month, Fast Company’s new blog, FastCo.Exist, published my piece on Lucy Bernholz and Open Data in Philanthropy.
Networked technologies and big, open data are in the process of reshaping nearly every industry–music, health care, education, scientific research, and journalism, as well as the nonprofit sector, civil society, and government. The consequences of long-tail economics and wise crowds are forcing almost every institution to adapt (and hopefully improve) or face obsolescence. Except, perhaps, one prominent sector: institutional philanthropy.
This is the intro for my recent guest post at the NTEN blog. Read the whole piece here.
Recent economic forecasting suggests that traditional fundraising is not going to get easier any time soon. While it’s tempting to focus on scarcity, a new generation of philanthropists is coming of age. They are young community builders, driven by a DIY ethic, and empowered by social media. They are leveraging the lowered costs of coordination provided by the web and mobile net, and they are stepping up to meet the challenges facing their generations.
What are you doing to find them now and cultivate relationships with them for the long haul?
The first grant cycle of the Seattle chapter of the Awesome Foundation is now open!
Further details below, but the basic idea is that a small group of Seattleites have committed to showing up together each month, pooling $1,000, and giving that $1,000 to the person we think has the best chance at achieving something awesome.
This isn’t traditional philanthropy. No reporting, no strings, no oversight. Just $1,000 to do whatever it is you think is worth doing. We’re calling out to artists, scientists, activists, geeks, entrepreneurs, environmentalists, and you!
Deadline for submission is September 30th. Then we’ll do it again every month, for at least 6 months.
UPDATE: I got a couple of factual corrections from Daniel, concerning how OPF grew and their total giving to date (an impressive $200k). My apologies for the misunderstanding. Read on!
Beginnings
In 2007, Daniel Kaufman started a conversation about philanthropic giving over dinner with his law school friends that has since blossomed into the One Percent Foundation (OPF), a national organization that engages young adults in philanthropy through giving circles and leadership development.
That first circle of friends realized that they were giving reactively, rather than strategically funding the things they cared most about. They uncovered a pattern of challenges that stopped them and their generation from doing more:
A concern that they couldn’t afford to be philanthropists.
Not knowing where their money would be most effectively shared.
Doubting their potential to make an impact.
That group started their own giving circle, pooling 1% of their incomes and collectively overcoming these challenges to effective philanthropy.
“I never meant to start an organization,” Daniel admits, but word spread quickly and giving circles began following their model, springing up CORRECTION: the original founders moved to New York, DC, Atlanta, Los Angeles and Seattle, growing into a national giving circle. By 2009, they realized they were filling a vital niche. OPF was ready to scale.
“Millennials aren’t at the table. [They] don’t control any of the sources of funding, and the non-profit landscape represents the passions and perspectives of its funders.’ This is a critical leadership gap. Younger generations bring new ideas, energy, and are committed to improving the world they are inheriting. Traditionally, however, they have to wait in line for leadership in the boardrooms and executive offices of the philanthropic and non-profit worlds, slowing the potential for the positive change they can deliver. They are also a massive, underutilized resource. According to OPF’s research:
If every person in their 20s and 30s gave 1% of his or her income to philanthropy each year, it would translate into $16 billion in annual support for non-profit organizations. This is six times more than the Gates Foundation gave away last year.
How it works
One Percent Foundation is changing the equation. The model is relatively simple. Participants commit 1% of their earnings, as they define it. Working on quarterly grant cycles, participants nominate non-profit organizations to receive an OPF grant. In a key leadership development piece of the program, volunteers act as program officer for one cycle each, learning how to research nominated organizations and complete a due diligence process. Then, the community votes and grants are awarded. If they have less time to give, participants can jump in during the voting phase.
It almost goes without saying, but online organizing is central to this entire process. Word spreads through social media and “all the steps [participants] can take happen through our web site.”
Outcomes
Beyond giving to important causes, OPF is building individual skill sets and shared confidence in the giving community. “There’s this really powerful feedback loop where people feel they can trust the community and can change the non-profit landscape by operating through the community.”
And that change is coming from a willingness to embrace risks, an ability not generally characteristic of traditional grant makers. “[We]really take a chance on innovative ideas and good leadership. We’re funding organizations that a year or two later are getting major recognition from the establishment in the philanthropic space.”
OPF is ready to grow once again. They are investing in new leadership (announcements forthcoming) and they are turning growing pains into self-sustaining gains.
“Growth dims the personal sense of engagement,” that has been so important to OPF’s model. The foundation has been so successful at youth engagement because of participants’ authentic, meaningful experience with the program. Daniel doesn’t want participants ever to feel that they are getting lost in a “sea of voices.”
Instead, OPF is converting their model into a web platform where third parties can start their own one percent circles. “Now, for example, a group that has gone through Teach for America or a group of friends scattered across the country can give together.” Daniel hopes this platform will take OPF from a donor and corporate-supported entity to one that earns its revenue.
While the dollar amounts are often on the small end of the spectrum, these new entrants act like sensitive antennas, picking up promising signals that are too small for bigger institutions to read, then amplifying them with recognition and some cash to get started. Traditional foundations would be well served to build this offering directly into their strategies by cultivating relationships with new entities working with young leaders.
Next generation giving is just beginning. I’ll let Daniel have the last word:
“We’re trying to create a movement around philanthropy and democratize giving. There has been a sense that giving circles don’t work with millennials, because they’re too independent. I think that is a statement that is being made with too broad of a brush. There are lots of ways that millennials want to connect and do big things as a community, but there’s not the infrastructure to enable it in a meaningfully way.”
In brief: “Silicon Valley’s rising young stars are rejecting the traditional symbols of status: fast cars, yachts, luxury homes. To make their mark, they’re putting their wealth into social causes and start-up ventures.”
My 2 cents: If you read through the article, you’ll find some gender-biased comments. The piece is driven by anecdotes, and doesn’t provide any broad data to support its broad premise. It does reference an ethnographic dissertation published by Alice Marwick, available here.
In brief: A quick, inspiring story about a small foundation that took its mission-related investment approach seriously enough to move most of its accounts from a corporate bank to one that shared its social and environmental vision. Bonus: they’re making better yields on their assets now.
As members of Congress and the White House prepare for this weekend’s closed-door negotiations on a deficit-reduction measure, many nonprofit leaders are worried that charitable deductions for wealthy Americans could face strict new limits.
President Obama this spring said he supports limiting deductions for wealthy people as a way to help bring more tax money into federal coffers—and that would include deductions affluent people take for gifts to charity.
In brief: “When we pay as much attention to authentic relationship development as we do to program development—there is a greater chance of becoming relevant. Relationships are boundless, programs are finite.”
1) “Scaling Up” in a Time of Scarcity: Some Experiences, Observations, and Caveats
In brief: This superbly written speech is brimming with comments worth quoting at length…
Notes on scaling:
…it needs pointing out that scaling isn’t for everyone and every issue… when we speak of scaling up we are mainly speaking of initiatives that address big societal challenges, like education, health, and housing, where an approach can tested, improved and proven on a manageable basis and where having done so, given the huge scope of the challenge, it is appropriate or even imperative to extend the benefits much more widely.
Notes on innovation:
…what is often really the case is that the old ways were never really given a chance to work, or that the lessons learned in earlier times have been forgotten or even trampled over by ideological assaults.
Notes on scaling and government programs:
…impact and effectiveness are often no match for the pull of inertia and tradition, of patronage and politics, and evidence alone has never been enough to win the day. What, therefore, do we need to do to communicate more effectively about proven programs? To build the missing constituency for effectiveness?”
Especially check out LaMarche’s comments on playing both partner and adversary to the US government, during both the Bush and Obama administrations, in post #2.
Concluding notes:
I think some of us fear that if we use plain language or speak from the heart, we won’t be taken seriously… But we don’t need to abandon the high road to get the details right. We can do both. Rigor and moral clarity need not be in tension. They are mutually reinforcing and mutually dependent. It’s fine for us wonks to talk about scaling and metrics, but let’s keep that in the family. To build the missing constituency for what works requires us to understand that evidence does not drive policy unless a compelling message is there…. The only way we can achieve impact at any scale is if we become a movement for change, combining proven metrics and effective programs with communications and advocacy efforts propelled by a shared vision and story of who we are, what we’re trying to achieve, and why the change we seek is vital to the lives of real people in every community.
In brief: Brodbeck points to Larry Ottinger’s recent “Bringing Nonprofit Advocacy Rules and Culture into the 21st Century” report (PDF). Noting that 1970′s regulations to limit non-profit lobbying haven’t kept up with inflation Ottinger recommends indexing limitations to inflation going forward and eliminating the $1m cap for large organizations, replacing it with a 5% of expenditures. Ottinger’s report also recommends Independent Sector’s remedy lifting some limitations on private foundations and their grantees.
“What is needed is a paradigm shift, one that makes participation by foundations, charities and their constituents in the democratic process an ‘ordinary, not extraordinary’ part of the sector’s identity and activities.”
My 2 cents: The current regulations create a chilling effect on most non-profits who either don’t take their 501(h) election to lobby for legislation or don’t take full advantage of it. Any regulatory relief on this issue is welcome, but won’t address the other major constraint on non-profit legislative efforts: capacity limitations. Even if foundations and non-profits were freed up to lobby more, how will the field provide them with the resources to do so?
3) More on Philanthropy’s Natural State of Underperformance
Sean Stannard-Stockton at Tactical Philanthropy
In brief: ” …unlike voters or customers, beneficiaries of philanthropic efforts have no mechanism by which to hold philanthropists accountable.”
My 2 cents: I’ve been thinking a lot about asymmetric information flows between grantor and grantee. Stannard-Stockton is talking about a feedback loop missing in philanthropy that exists, to differing degrees, in markets, politics and evolutionary systems. Non-profit grantees are understandably fearful of criticizing their benefactors, “biting the hand that feeds them.”
It’s really too bad. As intermediaries between grantors and beneficiaries, they have deep knowledge of both sides of that equation. I think it would be exciting to uncover incentives for foundations to get unfettered criticism from their grantees.
I’ve been looking at the Center for Effective Philanthropy’s Grantee Perception Report as one such mechanism. I’ve asked Sean and his readers for their thoughts on this project.
In Brief: “Change capital is to the nonprofit world what venture capital is to the for-profit world. It is money that can be used for excellent growth opportunities and to incubate innovation… nonprofits are often rewarded for their ability to effectively produce more of the same even if there are potentially better opportunities on the horizon.”
In brief: “Rather than scrutinizing Packard’s data on our own behind closed office doors, we are facilitating a “learning in public” process through which we are sharing early research findings widely and encouraging input… How can philanthropies create better filters for seeking commentary when most people actually might not be that interested in poring through all of the information in those glass filing cabinets?” Connolly’s group, TCC, is using a combo of wikis, social media and convened dialogues in their open evaluation.
My 2 cents: Commendable approach to radical transparency for philanthropy. Some operational notes: Wikis aren’t great for dialogue.
It’s great to see that they’ve enhanced your wiki with more immediate communications fora, like discussion groups and social media channels. Wikis are great places to create flexible banks of “canonical knowledge,” which is to say – find patterns of consensus truths among your participants through dialogue, and later fit them into your wiki taxonomy. You can then target appeals to stewarding the wiki to your most active participants. Caveat: wiki UI’s aren’t the most user-friendly, so staff time is invaluable in that stewardship – keeping the structure clean and navigable and participants trained and supported.
As preparation to enter the public policy arena, community foundations first educate themselves regarding the true limitations as well as the misconceptions about limitations to public policy work. If the term “public policy” creates mental blocks (”we can’t lobby”), using other terms-such as “civic leadership”-may help to expand perspectives on what is both possible and appropriate.
I’m intrigued by the questions that adaptive philanthropists are asking. For example, an adaptive strategy requires clear but flexible definitions of what success looks like, for whom, and what is known or assumed about the problem – but not a rigid roadmap of how to solve it. An adaptive strategy articulates clear criteria and a screening process for what will and won’t get funded (guardrails if you will) that help philanthropists quickly assess and decide among emerging opportunities – without succumbing to random opportunism or mission drift.
On Thursday, June 30, 20+ Seattle residents came out for the first local Awesome Foundation community meeting. On behalf of my co-organizer, Tommer Peterson and myself, a big thanks for those who joined us.
We met coders, artists, activists, co-working enthusiasts, and at least one roboticist – a truly awesome mix. Lots of people couldn’t attend, but wanted to get involved, so here’s our follow up post, as promised.
I talked about a vision for community engagement beyond the basic giving model. Once we get good at making grants, I’d love to discuss an awesome group blog for Seattle, highlighting everything that makes the city great and helping to identify potential grant applicants. Maybe we could have awesome volunteer days or give a larger, special grant once a year.
There’s a lot of potential, and our direction will be determined collectively by those who get involved early.
To build that broader engagement, we want to shake up the basic model a bit. Tommer and I proposed 4 basic participation levels:
Full-time Trustees: people who can make the $100/mo commitment for the first consecutive 6 months. This group will form the foundation of the foundation, make the first critical decisions about how the chapter will operate, and review grant applications each month.
Guest Trustees: for folks who want to participate at a lower financial level. Guest Trustees join the full-time Trustees for at least 1 month (or more) out of the first 6 and review grant applications in those months when they are making a contribution.
Friends of Awesome: aka “Volunteers!” A number of folks have expressed support of the Awesome Foundation idea, but are not able to participate financially. We do need volunteers in several capacities. Let us know if you would like to help design, build and manage our local WordPress blog; organize events; and/or support our efforts to publicize grant opportunities
Grant Applicants: The all-important piece of the puzzle. We’ll always be looking for fresh, exciting proposals.
Next steps
A mingling of awesome
After the post-meeting mingle, everyone filled out a form indicating their level of commitment. What’s next?
Step 2) Tommer and I will take all of the input from the paper and online forms and do our best to put together a great mix of full-time and guest Trustees. We’ll send invitations to join that first group and take final confirmations.
Step 3) Within a couple of weeks, we’ll announce our first group of Trustees and a calendar for future guest Trustees.
Step 5) The awesome commences – taking applications and making grants by the end of the summer.
Q&A
Participants had lots of questions. Tommer and I want to make sure everyone understands that we don’t hold all the answers. Instead, we’ll be looking to our fellow Trustees and Friends of Awesome to guide the way as we get started in Seattle.
Q: What’s the mission statement of Awesome Foundation? What kind of work are you looking to fund?
A: Unlike most initiatives, AF doesn’t have a tight focus on any particular area of work. Grants from other chapters have focused on the arts, technology, and fun community engagement. In fact, there’s a new international chapter focused on Food. The mission of Awesome Foundation Seattle will be as broad and deep as our the imaginations of our Trustees, Friends and Applicants allow. You can read the shared mission statement here and scan grants that have been given in other cities on the shared blog.
Q: What’s the decision-making process – quorum? majority of trustees? does it need to be unanimous?
A: Every chapter is free to choose its own process. There is a draft Trustee manual that lays out decision models from several cities, and the first Seattle Trustees will have to decide how to decide.
Q: Would grant applicants be encouraged to reapply?
A: Yes! Based on the experience of other chapters, we will want to stay in touch with applicants who don’t receive a grant in any given month and encourage them to keep old and new proposals flowing.
Q: Will there be parties?
A: Absolutely! As often as we can, we’ll want to celebrate our grantees and invite more people to meet and mix with us to keep the awesome growing.
Philanthropy is changing, and I want to contribute to creating the best of all possible worlds for the social sector. Today, I’m launching a series on Mapping Trends in Philanthropy, to share what I am learning and invite a conversation with leaders in the field.
As I’ve been gearing up to offer consulting services to the non-profit and philanthropic world, I’ve been reading widely and talking to dozens of smart folks to take in the scope of new trends, opportunities, and challenges in what I’ve begun to think of generally as the altruistic economy.
Today, I’ll start with a basic taxonomy of these trends, and unpack each one over time. All of these trends are interdependent, often reinforcing the others, so as I approach the end, I hope to synthesize them into some working hypotheses and best practices for social impact leverage.
There are a lot of smart folks working on philanthropic innovation. I’m not trying to reinvent the wheel, and I expect I’ll miss key things during these early passes. I hope readers will help fill in gaps and share resources, either in the comments of these posts or by contacting me directly.
Without further ado, a bulleted taxonomy of philanthropic trends…
new media and technology adoption
communities and crowds
sectoral hybridity
generational shift
economic uncertainty
and a possible #6:
Global engagement
Read on for a quick breakdown of these trends. I’ll be exploring each in much more detail in future posts.
New media and technology adoption
Last week, The Communications Network released a study, Foundation Communications Today, reporting on a survey of 155 foundation communicators. Among their findings, they reported that 47% of their respondents’ employers have blogs. At first, I was underwhelmed – less than half? However, a similar study from 2008 reported that less than 24% of foundations used blogs. An even more impressive indicator from this year’s study – 76% of respondents said their foundation is using online video. It’s safe to assume that new media use is on the rise.
Communities and crowds
I’ll go on at length a bit here. Adopting social network-enabling technology is a prerequisite to a deeper change in behavior and values. In a connected society, our technology drives down the costs of coordinating people. And then, brilliantly strange things begin to happen that industrial-era social models don’t anticipate.
Internet theorists have given us a generous smorgasbord of buzzwords to describe this cultural shift: the wisdom of crowds, smart mobs, web thinking, cognitive surplus. I’m calling it the rise of communities and crowds. Put simply, it’s easier now for people to share – knowledge, money, time, even cars – and they are doing just that.
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203 Transitional Chair with Ottoman
Transitional feel is brought stylishly into the forefront with this chic chair and accent ottoman. Nailhead trim around the bottom balances the exposed tapered wood legs for a transitional look with modern flair. Tufted pullover back, track arms, and nail head details all bring the chic look of the chair together. Available in many colors of both leather and fabric, you are bound to find a style that matches your decor perfectly.
The 203 Transitional Chair and Ottoman Set with Nailhead Trim by Smith Brothers at Gill Brothers Furniture in the Muncie, Anderson, Marion, IN area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Each piece is hand-cut and hand-assembled, using only the finest kiln-dried maple hardwoods. All frame joints are double-doweled and corners feature corner blocks secured by both glue and screws. Legs are built into frame.
Seat Support
Under each single-seat cushion is a pre-engineered, heavy-gauge coil-spring unit with an elevated front support edge that ensures individual comfort for each person. All spring connections are insulated to ensure silence.
Padding & Ergonomics
A 2.5 lb density polyurethane foam, is considered the highest quality foam available in the upholstered furniture industry. Qualux ® Ultra is standard in every seat cushion enabling us to offer a lifetime guarantee against loss of resiliency.
Smith Brothers 203 Description
Sit back and relax in this stylish and chic 203 transitionally styled collection. Tufted pullover backs, exposed tapered wood legs, and track arms give this collection the timeless feel of traditional styling. Comfortable and spacious, these chairs and sofas are perfect for snuggling after a long day or for having the gang over for the big game. Available in many colors of both fabric and leather, you can customize this collection to fit your decor exactly. Invite this collection into your home for the perfect fit for you and your family.
The 203 collection is a great option if you are looking for Traditional furniture in the Muncie, Anderson, Marion, IN area.
Collection Details
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Tufted Pullover Back Adds Traditional Style and Class
Nail head Trim is the Perfect Detail To Bring Out the Beautiful Leather and Fabric Colors
More Items From The 203 Collection
Browse other items in the 203 collection from Gill Brothers Furniture in the Muncie, Anderson, Marion, IN area.
Information Accuracy - We have taken great care to provide you with information that is accurate and useful. Please notify us if you find an error and we will do our best to correct it. We ask that you contact us directly or visit our stores to confirm information about pricing, color, features, dimensions, availability and special order lead times.
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.
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July 6, 2009 cont’d
So here I sit, in an ambulance, the love of my life near death in the back, his brother beside him, stabbed 6 times in the upper chest, arms, and shoulder. Tim’s wounds were mostly superficial. Simply broke through enough to bleed, though pretty heavily at times. Nothing a few stitches and a prescription won’t fix. Josh, on the other hand, had been bleeding so badly we couldn’t remove the towel long enough to survey the damage. We finally reach the hospital, after what seemed like the longest ambulance ride ever. They take us in through, not the AMBULANCE BAY, but a back contruction entrance??? What the BLUE FUCK is going on here? Once inside, my question is answered. The ER hallways, ALL of them, are lined with patients on stretchers, down both sides in some cases. We are led around a corner, Josh’s stretcher parked against the wall, vitals given to a cute little blonde nurse, (who mere moments later nearly gets the SHIT knocked out of her), and we are left to wait. WHAT??? My man is bleeding to death, passing out from blood loss, and you tell me to WAIT??? So, I wait. And I talk to him, lightly pat his face, squeeze his hand, ANYTHING to keep him awake, keep him WITH ME. I’m failing. He’s trying to speak, but so weak no words will form. Then out again. The EMTs had put a blood pressure cuff on his upper arm to slow the bleeding, but its not succeeding. I look up, and see blondie coming my way. “Where is the doctor?” I ask. “He’s with other patients. We have people dying here.” Oh what it took to refrain from knocking the blonde off that bitch. “Yeah? Well in case you haven’t noticed STUPID, my husband is one of them.” She looked down, saw all the blood, and how ghostly pale his face was, and took off, i HOPED to get a doctor. I hear a familiar voice, and look up to see Tim just down the hall. He is still at least upright, but as big as he is, its obvious his strength is fading. His wounds weren’t nearly as severe, but with 6 of them, he had lost a significant amount of blood himself. He mouthed the words “Take care of my baby brother.” I simply nod. He knows I would die for this man if necessary. At that moment, his girlfriend arrives, and I turn back to Josh. Still fading. WHERE THE FUCK IS THAT DOCTOR??? GOD I HATE THIS HOSPITAL!!! As badly as I wanted to shout this to the world, I refrained. But only out of respect for the other patients. FINALLY I see a dr headed our way. “Here he comes angel, just hang on.” The VERY second he saw the injury, and realized the gravity of the situation, he immediately called for Josh to be put into a room. Well now. THAT’S more like it. Into the room we go. He removes the towel, and bandages added in the ambulance, and for the first time, I see the cut. It is HUGE!!!! I falter for a heartbeat. NO, I must be strong. I take hold of myself, and look at the doc. He’s a very nice man. We’ve seen him before. I was truly glad to see him. He’s one of the few halfway competent ones here. He looks at me as if to ask “Wanna leave now?” I shake my head no, and he reaches up and releases the valve on the bp cuff. Before it even began hissing air, blood spurted straight up. With every heartbeat. You could count them. I watched. 1. 2. 3. Then I said “Got the idea yet doc? He can’t spare too many more of those…” He tightened the cuff back, and began examining the cut. LOTS of internal damage. Muscles, tendons, veins, nerves, everything cut. To the bone. As he is dressing the wound with fresh bandages, there is a knock on the door. I have to tear my hand from Josh’s grip to answer. His mother. And their landlord. And only two people at a time allowed. By this time I desperately need a smoke, so as much as I hate it, I kiss him firmly on the lips, tell him how much I love him, and ask him to please still be here when I come back. I then leave the room, hug Tim on my way by, he’s STILL waiting for a dr, and go outside. Once out there, I see Joey and Pugsly. Thank God. Familiar faces. And ones who smoke. Didn’t take the time to grab mine, needless to say. They both grab me and hug me, and ask how he is. I just shrug. I wish I had something positive to tell them, but “Fading” was all I had. After giving them a few seconds to let it sink in, I ask if either of them know who has my kids. I hadn’t forgotten them, but knew the family was on high alert, therefore they were safe. Joey tells me they are with Heather and the kids, and their dad is on his way to pick them up. Ok. Great. I can breathe on that one. Just then, a sheriff’s deputy walks up, and asks if I am Mr. Booth’s wife. “Yes sir.” “I need to ask you a few questions about what happened.” I refrain once again from removing ones head from their shoulders, and simply say, “You already know what happened!! Why aren’t you out there finding the fucker?” I then toss my smoke and walk away. On my way back in the door I see Josh’s mom. “Lorraine is with him, but he wants you. I was on my way to get you.” It takes one look at the nurse behind the desk, and I’m buzzed back. She knows better than to envoke the Wrath of Kim. Yeah. They know us all here. I run down the hallway to Josh’s room, and as I open the door, I hear “…gonna have to send him to Charlotte. Too much damage. We can’t fix this.” “So why the hell are we still here?” I ask. Within ten minutes, I am once again in the front seat of an ambulance. Even after all my bitching and begging, the assholes wouldn’t let me ride in the back. This time the sirens are off, and for the next hour or so, we rode in silence, but for the sound of my voice telling him i love him, he will be ok, and the constant sound of the bp cuff being pumped, keeping the love of my life alive….
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A firm action against smugglers with the goal of disrupting the criminals’ bussines model is an essential part of our mission. However, rescuing every person in danger at sea still remains every sailors’ top priority.
The men and women onboard FGS Augsburg are expected to return to their homeport, Wilhelmshaven in early March, 2016
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When I switch SoundAbout "Media Audio" to "USB Host", the sound goes out through my external DAC (even though 3.5mm headphone jack is occupied with previously mentioned splitter => earphones/mic) as desired, but the external mic no longer works as the internal mic is re-activated.
This is the last hurdle for being able to use voice prompts in a true "IN Dash Car" application of the Nexus 7 for me.
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Let The IP Wars Begin
y Ed Sperling
Nature abhors a vacuum. Customers abhor a monopoly. It appears both problems are now being solved in the EDA world—assuming approval by regulatory agencies, of course.
There have been two concerns facing chipmakers in regards to third-party IP. One is political. Most large companies spent millions of dollars and thousands of frustrating man-hours developing their own internal IP. It’s hard to justify throwing that away in favor of commercially developed IP, and for several process nodes engineering teams have managed to tweak the heck out of it and make it work, even if the result isn’t optimal.
This approach is like patching a pair of jeans over and over again. Pretty soon they look more like patches than jeans. Now even the patches are wearing thin. For most ICs, the internally developed IP is inferior to what’s on the market, meaning the only differentiation is negative.
That’s one of the reasons that commercial IP sales are on the rise. They’re now approaching 50% of all standard IP in an SoC for some companies, and the projection is that number could rise as high as 80%. Commercial IP saves time. Most of it is extremely well tested and characterized across a large base of diverse customers, and much of it is even proven in silicon. Over the next few years, it’s likely there will be a bigger push into subsystems, as well, and while the concept isn’t new the reality is that adoption has been very limited.
Commercial IP was created to fill this vacuum, speed up time to market and focus precious engineering resources where chips really can be differentiated—software, analog/mixed signal and integration. While there has been plenty of competition in the IP processor world—total sales are now above 10 billion units per year, according to Semico Research—there has been far less traffic in the standard IP market. That’s about to change.
The reason is competition. No one likes one company to have the lion’s share of anything. In fact, it can stall a market faster than anything else. New tools are great, but it’s really tough to find any chipmaker that uses a single vendor’s integrated flow from start to finish—particularly a company with enough resources to really pick and choose what they want. Even IDMs that traditionally developed their own EDA tools have a mix of in-house and commercial tools.
In the standard IP market, Synopsys has done well so far without much direct competition from other EDA companies. As competition increases—Cadence has made its intentions rather obvious over the past couple months—the amount of commercial IP used in designs should increase dramatically. Even Mentor Graphics, which has kept a hand in the software and memory IP markets, is likely to benefit greatly from this competition, and so are companies that offer IP around the edges such as the developers of network-on-chip IP.
Customers certainly like being able to play off one company against another on price, of course, but far more important is having a reference point for IP quality from companies they can trust. One company can’t provide that, no matter how good the data. Chipmakers already are comfortable with the big EDA companies, because they rely each day on EDA tools to develop incredibly complex chips at advanced process nodes. As those EDA companies ramp up their IP capabilities, the likelihood that they also will now feel more comfortable with standard IP, and offer suggestions about how to tweak it to make it even better, is extremely high.
So let the IP wars begin. It’s the best way to grow this side of the industry, improve quality, and reduce the cost and time it takes to bring complex SoCs to market.
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Dr. Louis Wann
ole Of West n Literature
0 Be Told
Dr. Louis Wann Is Speaker for Today’s English Series Lecture
[‘The Contribution of the West American ‘Literature,” will be mussed by Dr. Louis Wann, pro-|sor of English language and lit-iture this afternoon at 3:30 p.m.
| Bowne Hall of Mudd Memorial. Wann’s talk is one in the ser-of lectures “Significant Aspects
1 American Literature” sponsored the English department.
There are several factors which [inguish Western writing, declar->r. Wann who has made an ex-sive study of this field of Am-|an literature. “The spirit of the itier gave the challenge of new lations. The spirit of democracy jed emphasis on the common L And the spirit of realism re-?*d in a factual and appropriate Indentation of American life jer than one with an idealistic Ing.”
kter known authors whose S3 follow these characteristics who will be discussed in the |re are Mark Twain. Upton Sin-William Dean Howells, Sher-Anderson, Sinclair Lewis and London. A majority of Am-h novelists have come from [West, and in recent years of the poets, Including Rob-Jeffers, Edward Lee Masters, ^1 Lindsay, Joaquin Miller and mdburg also have been West-
[ authority on the West’s con->n. Dr. Wann has compiled ^sults of nis research in “The >f Realism,” a volume of the |ology of American Literature" Among his other publica-fs “Effective English,” ahand->f composition.
jWann, who received his Ph. |m the University of Wiscon-pudied at the universities of [rg and Lausanne and served faculties of Robert College, mtinople, and of Heidelberg hsity. He also taught at the [sity of Wisconsin and head-English department at Law-I College before coming to GC
In Color Is Talk Topic
Color Likes, Dislikes To Be Explained by Dr. Joy P. Guilford
Why do men favor blue ties? Why do women choose red hats and bright nail polish? These questions will be answered by Dr. Joy Paul Guilford, professor of psychology, when he discusses “System in Color Preferences” in 206 Administration tomorrow at 3:30 p.m.
In his talk the psychologist will explain that likes and dislikes in color are determined largely by the reaction of the human nervous system.
BLUE FAVORITE COLOR
Most persons tend to agree on their choices, he asserts, selecting blue as their most favored color and brown as the least popular tone.
“It has been shown that there is general agreement among races regarding color preferences and usually agreement between the sexes is stronger than the disagreement,” Dr. Guilford explained. “The greatest difference here, however, comes in purple—men usually like it but women tend to disfavor it.”
INFLUENCED BY STYLE
“W'omen’s preferences usually are I influenced more by fashion, which accounts for their selection of red nail polish, usually disliked by men.”
In this case, it is not the color that is disliked by men but the use of it. Appropriateness of a color has much to do with its populraity | for a given use, according to Dr. Guilford.
Child preferences, he observes, lean toward yellow and red, then change to blue and green as the i child grows older.
EXAMINATION NEEDED
“An examination of the individual is necessary to determine the reasons for unusual likes,” the psychologist points out. “Unusual favorites, such as black, may sometimes be due to an association of something pleasant with the color.”
To illustrate his talk Dr. Guilford will show slides exhibiting the psychological system of colors. This is an arrangement of all the colors visible to the eye. RELATION TO BE TOLD
He will point out the relation of color preferences to the system and will describe how predictions of color preferences are made when the place of the color in the system is known.
The educator has experimented in the field of color for the past 10 years. Dr. Guilford is a regular member of the university faculty. He received his B.A. and M.A. at the University of Nebraska and his Ph. D. at Cornell.
ur
Set For Saturday
Water-taxi Tour of Port Will Be Limited To 65 Participants; Reservations Urged
Advising prompt action in making reservations for the excursion, K. K. Stonier, tour manager, announced that the Summer Session trip of Los Angeles harbor will be made Saturday morning in a water-taxi furnished by the L.A. harbor department.
r.
At Todays Ass
The trip will be limited to 65 Summer Session students, Stonier said, and reservations will be made on a first-come, first-served basis in the student publication office, 215 Student Union, until the list is filled.
The group will leave the Avalon Boulevard Boat Landing in Wilmington at 10 p.m. and will have the opportunity of seeing the new shipyards created by the defense program as well as many points of interest in this major port. Lloyd V. Roberts, public relations director for the harbor department will accompany the group and will explain the many activities in the harbor.
Discovered by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542, the harbor was acquired by the city of Los Angeles
in 1909 through the annexation of the cities of San Pedro and Wilmington. The harbor is the first major port of call on the Pacific ocean north of the Panama canal and is annually visited by more than 5000 vessels whose combined capacity is more than 18 million tons.
The harbor is the home port for the United States navy and is a port of call for Pan-American clippers bound for the Hawaiian islands and the Antipodes.
Among the points to be visited are the yacht marinas where pleasure craft of all descriptions are moored, and interesting Fish harbor with its picturesque blend of foreign tongues and its 1200 craft which range as far as Equatorial waters to make this the foremost (Continued on Page F^ur)
ifornia Water Color Show ens At Art Gallery Today
ie art show that won acclaim for California artists khout the United States, the travelling exhibit of the [rnia Water Color Society, opens today in the Eliza-)lmes Fisher Gallery of Fine Arts for a six weeks
Implications' Is Palm Topic
Educator To Cite World War Cases
Taking as his topic “The Present War and Its Economic Implications,” Dr. Franklin Charles Palm will present this week’s lecture in the Social Science series 3:30 p.m. Thursday in 206 Administration.
Illustrating with the experiences of other nations, Dr. Palm will explain the problems that will confront the United States following the close of the present war. Emphasizing the problem of inflation, the visiting educator will cite the cases of European nations that either met or ignored this problem after the last war.
Dr. Palm is a visiting professor in the history department from the University of California at Berkeley. He was graduated from Oakland College, Ohio, and did graduate work at the University of Illinois where he was granted his M. A. and Ph. D. degrees.
Dr. Palm is the author of several texts on France and numerous other books, including “The Middle Classes, Then and Now.” The Social Science series will be concluded Thursday, July 31, with a lecture by Dr. William B. Hesseltine on “Regions, Sections, and Classes in American history.”
allery will open its doors Los Angeles public to see Ini hit for the first time at
today. The gallery is fom 12:30 to 5 p.m., Tues-ough Friday, and on Sat-Ind Sunday afternoons from i., as well as Wednesday rom 7:30 to 10 p.m.
ilVE TOUR
"isher gallery is the last place for the exhibit, las been shown throughout nu*y since 1940 in one of »t extensive exhibit tours
school and have the vigor of design and freshness and originality of color commonly associated with youth, Miss Winifred Poingstre. gallery director, said.
Included among the young artists who are exhibiting in the traveling show is Joesphine Young Kopenhaver, who received her mas-I ter’s degree from SC in 1937. Her | water-color “Stormy Sunrise, Death j Valley” will be shown.
LECTURER S WORK SHOWN Rex Brandt, lecturer in fine arts during the present Summer Session and one of the best known of the
Masters Thesis Presentation. Schedule Set
Deadlines for candidates for masters’ degree to present their theses to their faculty committees and the dean of the Graduate School were announced by Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean
Remaining dates for theses submitted during the first Summer Session term ending August 7 are:
July 28—Final day for candidates to present theses in final form to the committees.
August 4—Final day for candidates to present theses to the Dean of the Graduate School, fully approved and ready for binding.
Dates for the second term ending August 30 are:
July 28—Final day for candidates for master’s degrees to present preliminary drafts of theses to the thesis committee.
August 6—Final day for candidates to present “preliminary approval” of theses to the Dean; approval to be endorsed by each member of the thesis committee.
August 20—Final day for candi-
Del Rey Beach is Party Scene
Weiner-Bake, Party. Summer Session Fete
A combination weiner-bake, beach party and songfest, to be held Friday afternoon and evening at Del Rey beach, will highlight the fourth week of the Summer Session rec-reational activities, -according -to Miss Forrest Dutton and Coach H. W. Anderson, co-directors of the recreation program.
Salt water and sand will provide the setting for entertainment, games, and swimming from 3:30 to 10 p.m. Volleyball and softball
games will be the feature of the afternoon until 6 o’clock, when dinner will be served. Refreshments will consist of ample hot dogs, doughnuts, coffee, and marshmallows for all, the directors said.
SONGFEST SET
John Haltorf will act as master of ceremonies at the campfire ana songfest program after dinner. “Tl e Cremation of Sam Magee,” to be given by Jack Reinhard, and accordion selections by Gil Bishop also have both been scheduled for the program.
An informal songfest will follow the regular planned part of the evening’s entertainment and the group will sing favorites, old and new alike. Mimeographed song sheets are being prepared for the party, Anderson announced.
TICKETS ON SALE
Tickets for the beach party may be purchased for 30 cents each, and are now on sale at the cashier’s window in the student union bookstore.
The location for the party will be at the foot of Kilgore avenue. Further instructions for getting to the beach, for those driving, will be printed in Friday’s Summer Trojan.
Those who are in need of transportation or who will have room for extra passengers in their cars are asked to sign up in 207 Physical Education.
Arrangements will be made for those requiring transportation.
Crystal Lake Mountain Trip Set For Sunday
San Gabriel Resort Will Be Visited For First Time
A visit to Crystal Lake Mountain playround, the first scheduled as part of the Summer Session recreation program, has been scheduled for Sunday morning, Miss Forrest Dutton and H. W. Anderson, codirectors of the recreation program announced.
The playground is located 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles in the San Gabriel mountains and is 6,000 feet above sea level. A paved highway leads directly to the park which is situated in a forest of pine and incense cedar and is surrounded by towering 8,000-foot peaks of nearby mountains. A lake and stream are situated in the park. PROGRAM ELASTIC
“No definite program of activity has been planned.” the directors declared, “since some persons may wish to rest while others will desire to put in a more strenuous day.
“Picnic tables and cooking ranges are available for those making the trip and saddle horses may be rented at the park. Boating on the lake, short, medium, and long hikes, volleyball, and softball are among the sports available. Trout fishing also will be open for those with fishing licenses.”
HIKES, RIDES SET
Among the hikes scheduled is the 3^-mile trek to the divide for a view of surrounding peaks and the Antelope valley. This four-hour trip may be made on horseback provided that a minimum of eight horsemen make up the party. Rental of the horses will be $2.
A good fellowship lunch will be served by the committee in charge of the event at a cost of 20 cents per person. Sandwiches are to be furnished by each participant or may be purchased at the picnic grounds.
SCENIC ROUTE
En route to the park the group will pass over the newly-completed Arroyo Seco freeway and will see the campuses of Pasadena Junior college and the California Institute of Technology, the San Gabriel valley orange groves, Mount Baldy, and the two water conservation dams in San Gabriel canyon.
Those interested in the hike or horseback ride to the divide will leave campus at 6 a.m. while the rest of the group will leave here at 8 a.m., the directors announced.
Persons planning to make the trip are asked to sign the reservation sheet in 107 Physical Education immediately so that transportation can be arranged. Luncheon tickets will be sold at the camp
grounds.
E
A!
Ai
Dr. Octavio Mendez
Walter Guest At Music Fete
Noted Conductor Is Speaker at Banquet
Bruno Walter, noted symphony conductor, will speak to 300 music students at the School of Music’s annual Summer Session banquet, 7 p.m. tonight, in the Foyer of Town and Gown.
Mr, Walter, who was selected to direct the 600th Hollywood Bowl concert on August 1, will be guest speaker for the event and Peter Merenblum, a member of the School of Music faculty and director of the famed Los Angeles Junior Symphony, will be the guest artist. He will play two movements from Gabrielle Saure’s “Violin Sonata,” accompanied by Madame R. Kaufman.
Roderick Mount, instructor of music at Santa Barbara Junior high school and a Summer Session music student, will present a number of humorous impersonations on the program also. Dr. Max van Lewen Swarthout will be master of ceremonies.
Mr. Walter, who holds the Bowl record for largest attendance drawn to a concert of symphonic music exclusively, has conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra, as well as similar organizations in New York, Minneapolis and Detroit. While in Europe, he directed symphonic organizations in Paris and Vienna. He will direct the New York Philharmonic and Metropolitan Opera orchestras during the coming winter season.
Tonight’s program was arranged by the committee headed by William Gould, visiting faculty member. The ticket committee was under the direction of Hal McCormac and included members of the School of Music Summer Session
(Continued on Page Three)
Ph.D. Language Test Dates Set
Dates for Ph. D. language tests during the Summer Session have been announced by Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean of the Graduate School.
The reading test in French will be given Friday. Augus
Campus Radio Interview To Present Dr. J.R. Jewell
Dr. James Ralph Jewell, dean of the School of Education at the University of Oregon and a member of the visiting faculty, will be interviewed by Ruth Hartmann today in a program to be broadcast over station KRKD at 1:30 p.m. Today’s interview is one in a series of weekly programs titled <‘The Professor’s Choir.”
The fourth of the original radio drama programs written by Carl Wilson will be broadcast over KRKD 1:30 p.m. tomorrow. The drama, “College Town,” deals with the problems of a young married couple still in college and will be enacted by Martin Black, Rebecca Porter, and Roberta Ludder. Bill Reasoner will be the announcer.
ley, and Meredith Thomas.
DAILY PREVIEWS
For the benefit of visiting teachers, educational films that may be successfully used in the classroom are previewed daily in 145 Hancock at 1 p.m., under the direction of Wesley Cokeley. The program of coming films is posted on the bulletin board outside of the room. All interested Summer Session stu-
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Rhapsody,
Selection fr^ Prince’ Novelty
Mr. Rush, School of Mi director of h Cleveland Hei land, Ohio.
Studel
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All student plete and oi student grade] receive so available for and for reviel visers at each
Dr. Louis Wann
ole Of West n Literature
0 Be Told
Dr. Louis Wann Is Speaker for Today’s English Series Lecture
[‘The Contribution of the West American ‘Literature,” will be mussed by Dr. Louis Wann, pro-|sor of English language and lit-iture this afternoon at 3:30 p.m.
| Bowne Hall of Mudd Memorial. Wann’s talk is one in the ser-of lectures “Significant Aspects
1 American Literature” sponsored the English department.
There are several factors which [inguish Western writing, declar->r. Wann who has made an ex-sive study of this field of Am-|an literature. “The spirit of the itier gave the challenge of new lations. The spirit of democracy jed emphasis on the common L And the spirit of realism re-?*d in a factual and appropriate Indentation of American life jer than one with an idealistic Ing.”
kter known authors whose S3 follow these characteristics who will be discussed in the |re are Mark Twain. Upton Sin-William Dean Howells, Sher-Anderson, Sinclair Lewis and London. A majority of Am-h novelists have come from [West, and in recent years of the poets, Including Rob-Jeffers, Edward Lee Masters, ^1 Lindsay, Joaquin Miller and mdburg also have been West-
[ authority on the West’s con->n. Dr. Wann has compiled ^sults of nis research in “The >f Realism,” a volume of the |ology of American Literature" Among his other publica-fs “Effective English,” ahand->f composition.
jWann, who received his Ph. |m the University of Wiscon-pudied at the universities of [rg and Lausanne and served faculties of Robert College, mtinople, and of Heidelberg hsity. He also taught at the [sity of Wisconsin and head-English department at Law-I College before coming to GC
In Color Is Talk Topic
Color Likes, Dislikes To Be Explained by Dr. Joy P. Guilford
Why do men favor blue ties? Why do women choose red hats and bright nail polish? These questions will be answered by Dr. Joy Paul Guilford, professor of psychology, when he discusses “System in Color Preferences” in 206 Administration tomorrow at 3:30 p.m.
In his talk the psychologist will explain that likes and dislikes in color are determined largely by the reaction of the human nervous system.
BLUE FAVORITE COLOR
Most persons tend to agree on their choices, he asserts, selecting blue as their most favored color and brown as the least popular tone.
“It has been shown that there is general agreement among races regarding color preferences and usually agreement between the sexes is stronger than the disagreement,” Dr. Guilford explained. “The greatest difference here, however, comes in purple—men usually like it but women tend to disfavor it.”
INFLUENCED BY STYLE
“W'omen’s preferences usually are I influenced more by fashion, which accounts for their selection of red nail polish, usually disliked by men.”
In this case, it is not the color that is disliked by men but the use of it. Appropriateness of a color has much to do with its populraity | for a given use, according to Dr. Guilford.
Child preferences, he observes, lean toward yellow and red, then change to blue and green as the i child grows older.
EXAMINATION NEEDED
“An examination of the individual is necessary to determine the reasons for unusual likes,” the psychologist points out. “Unusual favorites, such as black, may sometimes be due to an association of something pleasant with the color.”
To illustrate his talk Dr. Guilford will show slides exhibiting the psychological system of colors. This is an arrangement of all the colors visible to the eye. RELATION TO BE TOLD
He will point out the relation of color preferences to the system and will describe how predictions of color preferences are made when the place of the color in the system is known.
The educator has experimented in the field of color for the past 10 years. Dr. Guilford is a regular member of the university faculty. He received his B.A. and M.A. at the University of Nebraska and his Ph. D. at Cornell.
ur
Set For Saturday
Water-taxi Tour of Port Will Be Limited To 65 Participants; Reservations Urged
Advising prompt action in making reservations for the excursion, K. K. Stonier, tour manager, announced that the Summer Session trip of Los Angeles harbor will be made Saturday morning in a water-taxi furnished by the L.A. harbor department.
r.
At Todays Ass
The trip will be limited to 65 Summer Session students, Stonier said, and reservations will be made on a first-come, first-served basis in the student publication office, 215 Student Union, until the list is filled.
The group will leave the Avalon Boulevard Boat Landing in Wilmington at 10 p.m. and will have the opportunity of seeing the new shipyards created by the defense program as well as many points of interest in this major port. Lloyd V. Roberts, public relations director for the harbor department will accompany the group and will explain the many activities in the harbor.
Discovered by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542, the harbor was acquired by the city of Los Angeles
in 1909 through the annexation of the cities of San Pedro and Wilmington. The harbor is the first major port of call on the Pacific ocean north of the Panama canal and is annually visited by more than 5000 vessels whose combined capacity is more than 18 million tons.
The harbor is the home port for the United States navy and is a port of call for Pan-American clippers bound for the Hawaiian islands and the Antipodes.
Among the points to be visited are the yacht marinas where pleasure craft of all descriptions are moored, and interesting Fish harbor with its picturesque blend of foreign tongues and its 1200 craft which range as far as Equatorial waters to make this the foremost (Continued on Page F^ur)
ifornia Water Color Show ens At Art Gallery Today
ie art show that won acclaim for California artists khout the United States, the travelling exhibit of the [rnia Water Color Society, opens today in the Eliza-)lmes Fisher Gallery of Fine Arts for a six weeks
Implications' Is Palm Topic
Educator To Cite World War Cases
Taking as his topic “The Present War and Its Economic Implications,” Dr. Franklin Charles Palm will present this week’s lecture in the Social Science series 3:30 p.m. Thursday in 206 Administration.
Illustrating with the experiences of other nations, Dr. Palm will explain the problems that will confront the United States following the close of the present war. Emphasizing the problem of inflation, the visiting educator will cite the cases of European nations that either met or ignored this problem after the last war.
Dr. Palm is a visiting professor in the history department from the University of California at Berkeley. He was graduated from Oakland College, Ohio, and did graduate work at the University of Illinois where he was granted his M. A. and Ph. D. degrees.
Dr. Palm is the author of several texts on France and numerous other books, including “The Middle Classes, Then and Now.” The Social Science series will be concluded Thursday, July 31, with a lecture by Dr. William B. Hesseltine on “Regions, Sections, and Classes in American history.”
allery will open its doors Los Angeles public to see Ini hit for the first time at
today. The gallery is fom 12:30 to 5 p.m., Tues-ough Friday, and on Sat-Ind Sunday afternoons from i., as well as Wednesday rom 7:30 to 10 p.m.
ilVE TOUR
"isher gallery is the last place for the exhibit, las been shown throughout nu*y since 1940 in one of »t extensive exhibit tours
school and have the vigor of design and freshness and originality of color commonly associated with youth, Miss Winifred Poingstre. gallery director, said.
Included among the young artists who are exhibiting in the traveling show is Joesphine Young Kopenhaver, who received her mas-I ter’s degree from SC in 1937. Her | water-color “Stormy Sunrise, Death j Valley” will be shown.
LECTURER S WORK SHOWN Rex Brandt, lecturer in fine arts during the present Summer Session and one of the best known of the
Masters Thesis Presentation. Schedule Set
Deadlines for candidates for masters’ degree to present their theses to their faculty committees and the dean of the Graduate School were announced by Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean
Remaining dates for theses submitted during the first Summer Session term ending August 7 are:
July 28—Final day for candidates to present theses in final form to the committees.
August 4—Final day for candidates to present theses to the Dean of the Graduate School, fully approved and ready for binding.
Dates for the second term ending August 30 are:
July 28—Final day for candidates for master’s degrees to present preliminary drafts of theses to the thesis committee.
August 6—Final day for candidates to present “preliminary approval” of theses to the Dean; approval to be endorsed by each member of the thesis committee.
August 20—Final day for candi-
Del Rey Beach is Party Scene
Weiner-Bake, Party. Summer Session Fete
A combination weiner-bake, beach party and songfest, to be held Friday afternoon and evening at Del Rey beach, will highlight the fourth week of the Summer Session rec-reational activities, -according -to Miss Forrest Dutton and Coach H. W. Anderson, co-directors of the recreation program.
Salt water and sand will provide the setting for entertainment, games, and swimming from 3:30 to 10 p.m. Volleyball and softball
games will be the feature of the afternoon until 6 o’clock, when dinner will be served. Refreshments will consist of ample hot dogs, doughnuts, coffee, and marshmallows for all, the directors said.
SONGFEST SET
John Haltorf will act as master of ceremonies at the campfire ana songfest program after dinner. “Tl e Cremation of Sam Magee,” to be given by Jack Reinhard, and accordion selections by Gil Bishop also have both been scheduled for the program.
An informal songfest will follow the regular planned part of the evening’s entertainment and the group will sing favorites, old and new alike. Mimeographed song sheets are being prepared for the party, Anderson announced.
TICKETS ON SALE
Tickets for the beach party may be purchased for 30 cents each, and are now on sale at the cashier’s window in the student union bookstore.
The location for the party will be at the foot of Kilgore avenue. Further instructions for getting to the beach, for those driving, will be printed in Friday’s Summer Trojan.
Those who are in need of transportation or who will have room for extra passengers in their cars are asked to sign up in 207 Physical Education.
Arrangements will be made for those requiring transportation.
Crystal Lake Mountain Trip Set For Sunday
San Gabriel Resort Will Be Visited For First Time
A visit to Crystal Lake Mountain playround, the first scheduled as part of the Summer Session recreation program, has been scheduled for Sunday morning, Miss Forrest Dutton and H. W. Anderson, codirectors of the recreation program announced.
The playground is located 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles in the San Gabriel mountains and is 6,000 feet above sea level. A paved highway leads directly to the park which is situated in a forest of pine and incense cedar and is surrounded by towering 8,000-foot peaks of nearby mountains. A lake and stream are situated in the park. PROGRAM ELASTIC
“No definite program of activity has been planned.” the directors declared, “since some persons may wish to rest while others will desire to put in a more strenuous day.
“Picnic tables and cooking ranges are available for those making the trip and saddle horses may be rented at the park. Boating on the lake, short, medium, and long hikes, volleyball, and softball are among the sports available. Trout fishing also will be open for those with fishing licenses.”
HIKES, RIDES SET
Among the hikes scheduled is the 3^-mile trek to the divide for a view of surrounding peaks and the Antelope valley. This four-hour trip may be made on horseback provided that a minimum of eight horsemen make up the party. Rental of the horses will be $2.
A good fellowship lunch will be served by the committee in charge of the event at a cost of 20 cents per person. Sandwiches are to be furnished by each participant or may be purchased at the picnic grounds.
SCENIC ROUTE
En route to the park the group will pass over the newly-completed Arroyo Seco freeway and will see the campuses of Pasadena Junior college and the California Institute of Technology, the San Gabriel valley orange groves, Mount Baldy, and the two water conservation dams in San Gabriel canyon.
Those interested in the hike or horseback ride to the divide will leave campus at 6 a.m. while the rest of the group will leave here at 8 a.m., the directors announced.
Persons planning to make the trip are asked to sign the reservation sheet in 107 Physical Education immediately so that transportation can be arranged. Luncheon tickets will be sold at the camp
grounds.
E
A!
Ai
Dr. Octavio Mendez
Walter Guest At Music Fete
Noted Conductor Is Speaker at Banquet
Bruno Walter, noted symphony conductor, will speak to 300 music students at the School of Music’s annual Summer Session banquet, 7 p.m. tonight, in the Foyer of Town and Gown.
Mr, Walter, who was selected to direct the 600th Hollywood Bowl concert on August 1, will be guest speaker for the event and Peter Merenblum, a member of the School of Music faculty and director of the famed Los Angeles Junior Symphony, will be the guest artist. He will play two movements from Gabrielle Saure’s “Violin Sonata,” accompanied by Madame R. Kaufman.
Roderick Mount, instructor of music at Santa Barbara Junior high school and a Summer Session music student, will present a number of humorous impersonations on the program also. Dr. Max van Lewen Swarthout will be master of ceremonies.
Mr. Walter, who holds the Bowl record for largest attendance drawn to a concert of symphonic music exclusively, has conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra, as well as similar organizations in New York, Minneapolis and Detroit. While in Europe, he directed symphonic organizations in Paris and Vienna. He will direct the New York Philharmonic and Metropolitan Opera orchestras during the coming winter season.
Tonight’s program was arranged by the committee headed by William Gould, visiting faculty member. The ticket committee was under the direction of Hal McCormac and included members of the School of Music Summer Session
(Continued on Page Three)
Ph.D. Language Test Dates Set
Dates for Ph. D. language tests during the Summer Session have been announced by Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean of the Graduate School.
The reading test in French will be given Friday. Augus
Campus Radio Interview To Present Dr. J.R. Jewell
Dr. James Ralph Jewell, dean of the School of Education at the University of Oregon and a member of the visiting faculty, will be interviewed by Ruth Hartmann today in a program to be broadcast over station KRKD at 1:30 p.m. Today’s interview is one in a series of weekly programs titled
|
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Parasite Dolls is a science fictionanimeOVA that was created in 2002 by AIC and IMAGICA Entertainment. It has ties to both the Bubblegum Crisis and AD Police series but does not include characters from either. It was written by Chiaki J Konaka (Bubblegum Crisis 2040, Armitage III, and Big O) and Kazuto Nakazawa. MEChA is an acronym for Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán (Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán), an organization that seeks to promote an awareness of Chicano history by education and political action. ... Original Video Animation (OVA) is an acronym used in Japan for anime titles that are released directly to retail sale, without prior showings on TV or in theaters. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Anime (ã¢ãã¡) is a style of cartoon animation originating in Japan. ... Original Video Animation (OVA) is an acronym used in Japan for anime titles that are released directly to retail sale, without prior showings on TV or in theaters. ... Bubblegum Crisis is an anime OVA series that takes at least part of its inspiration from Philip K. Dicks and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner. ... AD Police is an anime science fiction series, composed of the 12-episode long AD Police: To Serve and Protect TV series and the 3-episode long AD Police Files OVA series. ... Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 is an alternate-universe spinoff to the original Bubblegum Crisis anime OVA series. ... Armitage III (Japanese: ã¢ããã¼ã¸ 㶠ãµã¼ã) is a 1994 cyberpunk anime series based around Naomi Armitage, a highly advanced Type-III android. ... Big O can refer to any of: A concept in computational complexity theory. ...
Members of AD Police
The term boomer may refer to: // Demographic An abbreviation for baby boomer A mostly archaic American term for workers who travel from location to location, following jobs as they become available, especially in the construction, electric power, petroleum, and railroad industries. ...
Villains
Sorime (presidential candidate)
Boomer Crusher
Others
The term boomer may refer to: // Demographic An abbreviation for baby boomer A mostly archaic American term for workers who travel from location to location, following jobs as they become available, especially in the construction, electric power, petroleum, and railroad industries. ...
This anime/manga-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia and the Anime and manga WikiProject by expanding it.
Categories: Anime and manga stubs | Anime | Manga | Bubblegum crisis Bubblegum Crisis is an anime OVA series that takes at least part of its inspiration from Philip K. Dicks and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner. ... Bubblegum Crash is a three episode OVA anime series, the sequel to Bubblegum Crisis. ... Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 is an alternate-universe spinoff of the original Bubblegum Crisis anime OVA series, with similar themes, but updated character designs and new or re-worked storylines. ... Produced by Artmic and AIC, AD Police Files is a three-part OVA which serves as a prequel to the anime series Bubblegum Crisis. ... The Knight Sabers are an elite, four-woman team of power-armored superheroes/mercenaries who are the main protagonists of the anime series Bubblegum Crisis. ... Anime (ã¢ãã¡) is a style of cartoon animation originating in Japan. ... A page from the Marmalade Boy manga, volume 1 (Japanese version) Manga (漫ç») is the Japanese word for comics and print cartoons; outside of Japan, it usually refers specifically to Japanese comics. ...
After watching ParasiteDolls, the only conclusion I come to is that the best stories that are told within the various Bubblegum Crisis universes are these side stories that avoid the gimmicks and just tell stories.
ParasiteDolls is something that I found appealing for the same reasons I found the original AD PoliceOVA series so appealing; it's dark in its nature in a storyline where there's darkness in general but we follow the light characters like the Knight Sabers.
ParasiteDolls does the job by showing a different element of a world we've gotten familiar with over the years and takes you to the dark underbelly of it.
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Find Bath Rugs, Mats and Covers at Target.com! This lovely Garland Jazz Shaggy Washable Nylon Bath Rug - Linen (24"x40") is the first little step towards realizing the bathroom of your dreams. Made entirely of nylon fiber - an awesome fabric that lifts away dirt and germs, trapping them in place until it's time to toss the rug in the laundry - these long lasting bath rugs will make a stylish accent piece for your bathroom. Whenever we think about using our 'downtime' well, it's easy to forget about our time spent in the bathroom. Usually we think of living rooms, sunrooms, or bedrooms - all good places for sure - and yet it's in the bathroom where we can truly escape from the pressures of the world and just relax. And hey, what's wrong with a little personal indulgence, right? Pampering's good for the soul. So why not begin crafting a soothing bathroom today? It's okay to begin small, like with this uber-plush shaggy bath rug. Your feet will love it, especially on chilly mornings. Machine wash. Gender: Unisex. Age Group: Adult. Pattern: Solid.
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Tamim Iqbal posts video of Bangladesh men celebrating eves win
June 10 (CRICKETNMORE) - Moments after the Bangladesh women's cricket team stunned six-time champions India in the Asia Cup T20 final, the men's team opener Tamim Iqbal posted a video on social media where he is seen celebrating with other players and staff.
The video, titled 'Well done girls', showed the entire team watching the final moments of the match together.
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On 21 November, 2015, CTC Co-Founder Ferhan Salman spoke at TEDxIstanbul. The event was themed 'Connecting the Dots.' For an audience of more than 4000 people, Ferhan told the story of Capital Turkish Conncections: 'The Birth of A Think and Do Tank.'
At the event, Ferhan also unveiled CTC's first project: 92Öneri - 92 Proposals for a Better Turkey. This project has been made possible by 100 experts who volunteered two years to develop 92 proposals that aim to help Turkey become a global top 10 country within 20 years. The name of the project is a reference to the Republic of Turkey's 92nd anniversary in 2015.
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The Linux Foundation has launched a new collaborative project called Dronecode, which aims to bring together open source projects and commercial vendors for the development of new open source flight control software for all kinds of civilian UAVs.
So far, so uninteresting. But reading the list of participants shows just how much potential this new initiative has: Among APM-developer 3DRobotics, Yuneec, Baidu and Intel there’s also DroneDeploy, JDrones, Qualcomm and Walkera on board.
FPVCentral is a private, independent news and review site for all things related to First Person View RC model flight. Covering everything from hobby, commercial and military drones, RC models and electronics related to FPV flight, we are not sponsored by any manufacturer or affiliated with any company or project.
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They all sound the same. R4-P17 is painted slightly different than the ROTS version with gray on the legs and lower torso. My friends and I wore down the batteries racing these guys through obstacle courses Saturday night.
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We don't know. The game would need rework. Nintendo would actually have to give us permission (we haven't asked yet but we might not get it). I can't make promises but we are thinking about it occasionally. Most of our time is spent on The Quest 2, though.
Elendil / Redshift wrote:We don't know. The game would need rework. Nintendo would actually have to give us permission (we haven't asked yet but we might not get it). I can't make promises but we are thinking about it occasionally. Most of our time is spent on The Quest 2, though.
I would imagine, if there ever is a port to the Switch would be for the "The Shiny New Thing" as opposed to the "Still Very Shiny Old Thing". Better to future-proof future designs than rework old ones. (even very nice old ones).
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In all patterns prior to M1938 and except for Cossack rifles, the Mosin Nagant were intended to be carried and shot only with the bayonet attached. All rifles were zeroed in with the bayonet in place, so removal of the bayonet seriously affected the point of impact and effectively required the rifle to be re-zeroed.
So I guess the bayonet was mounted to the rifle most of the time, following Russian practice. I don't know what the US troops in Russia (Archangel, Siberia) did with the bayonet when they took it off, maybe it was just stuck under the belt.
With the acute shortage of suitable rifles that existed in 1914 and early 1915, it did not take long for both the Germans and Austro-Hungarians to put to use the huge numbers of captured enemy rifles which had fallen into their hands in the opening months of the war. The weapons that were recovered from the battlefield were collected and shipped to arms depots for sorting and salvage operations. When and where the need was great, some percentage of the rifles inspected, were issued immediately from the arms depots without alterations of any kind. Since large quantities of bayonets were recovered from the battlefield along with the salvaged rifles, captured bayonets would have been issued with most of these rifles. The standard Russian practice of keeping the bayonets fixed permanently to the rifles presented the Germans and Austro-Hungarians with a problem. The Russians neither produced nor issued scabbards. The captured bayonets therefore lacked scabbards, which could be issued with the bayonets. One wonders as to how many Russian soldiers lost an eye or worse to this rather unusual practice!
As the bayonet was an important part of the WWI kit, it is hard to imagine that the US forces would have not carried one. However, I can't recall seeing photos of the AEF Siberia or NR forces with a bayonet (fixed or unfixed) when carrying the M91.
Does anyone have photos of the American troops with a M91? Please post if you do, especially if they are wearing their field gear.
To go back to one of the earlier points, if the Mosin-Nagant was engineered to be fired with the bayonet on, but the Americans did not use the bayonet, were any modifications made to make them more accurate?
Maybe one of the reasons that these rifles were so disliked by our troops was due to the inaccuracy when firing without the bayonet?
One exception to the always fixed bayonet practice of the Russian infantry was that some Russian cavalry units were able to detach the bayonet and attach them to their sword scabbard. This allowed mounted troopers to sling the rifle across their back while on horseback. The Austrians and Germans ran into the same problem when they re-issued captured Mosin-Nagant stands of arms to their second line troops. So, the Germans produced metal scabbards for the bayonet and issued them with the bayonets. I have never heard of an official US scabbard made for these bayonets. Great photographs of them in use by US troops!
As far as I know, the only difference between the 1891 bayonet and the 91/30 bayonet is the locking mechanism. Remington made Model 1891 bayonets.
Also, after looking at the pictures and doing some reading, it looks like only the troops in North Russia (Archangel and Murmansk) were equipped with the Mosin Nagant 1891 rifle (to simplify supply of ammunition). The US troops in the pictures from Siberia appear to be using standard issue rifles (Model 1903 or Model 1917).
This is the Russian Mosin-Nagant Model 1891 socket bayonet, First Pattern, designed for the Mosin-Nagant Infantry Rifle. These are considered Imperial Russian (pre-1918) as opposed to Communist Russian (post-1918); the post-1918 type had a integral push-button/spring latching mechanism instead of a locking ring.The tip of these bayonets - both patterns - can be used as a screw-driver.This example bayonet has the manufacturer's logo of an "arrow through a bow" (bow and arrow); this is the trademark of "Ishevky."The Mosin-Nagant Model 1891 Bayonets - and variants - were used from 1891 into WWII. This bayonet was also used by Austria and Finland.
This is the Russian Mosin-Nagant Model 1891 socket bayonet - Second Pattern - designed for the Mosin-Nagant Infantry Rifle. These are considered Communist Russian (post-1918) as opposed to Imperial Russian (pre-1918). The post-1918 type - or Second Pattern - utilizes an integral push-button/spring latching mechanism instead of a locking ring as on the Russian Model 1891 Mosin-Nagant Socket Bayonet (1st Pattern). The tip of these bayonets - both models - can be used as a screw-driver.The Mosin-Nagant Model 1891 Bayonets - and variants - were used from 1891 into WWII. This bayonet was also used by Austria and Finland.
"The Mosin-Nagant Model 1891 Bayonets - and variants - were used from 1891 into WWII. This bayonet was also used by Austria and Finland."
Milsurp is quite right that both Austria and Finland issued these captured bayonets as well. Both countries made their own scabbards for the bayonets since the Russians did not issue a scabbard. I would love to see a photo of a US soldier wearing a scabbard for one of these bayonets but I have never heard of any official US scabbard.
I would love to see a photo of a US soldier wearing a scabbard for one of these bayonets but I have never heard of any official US scabbard.
I agree. The US never made any 1891 bayonet scabbards, the Russians didn't have any for US troops to use, so I doubt the US troops in North Russia had scabbards for their bayonets. Either they kept them fixed all the time Russian-style or they figured out some way to carry them.
Here are some of the scabbards the Finns made for their captured bayonets
Russian/Soviet troops did not always carry the MN bayonet fixed, in ready position. It was often REVERSED, in the "unready" position.
Any rifle properly issued out to troops is zeroed to the taste/ability of the individual shooting it. A rifle that is zeroed for Igor, when passed to his squaddie Dmitri may not still be zeroed. I suspect the US troops using M|Ns without bayonets zeroed their rifles as-is, adjusting the point of aim as per Kentucky windage and Tennessee elevation, to personal taste.
I recall that a Kar. 98 of mine had vastly different zero using WWII German ammo, WWII British BESA ammo and US commercial hunting softpoint cartridges. But I learned to shoot low with the BESA and a bit high and right with the commercial stuff. Same with a Tokarev pistol, Finnish ammo being tough to hit accurately with and Czech being best.
According to my research, AEF Siberia were issued M1903 rifles. In his book, "Golden Gate to Golden Horn" by Col Strobridge, Col Strobridge writes that when the 5000 soldiers of the 8th Division were re-asigned to AEF Siberia, M1903 rifles were brought from storage in Benecia Arsenal and issued to the soldiers. My history of the 12th Infantry gives the impression that the units of the 8th Division were issued with M1917 rifles so that would explain the issue of the M1903s to the soldiers leaving the division for Siberia. AEF Siberia were well armed with M1903s, M1911s, BARs, M1917 MGs and even a few 37mm Cannons unlike the North Russia expedition.
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Demo updated v1.1: Achievements!
We’ve updated the Whorelords demo version. Added achievement system and additional sounds. For example, if the orcs caught and fucked heroine, you will get a special achievement. Now the game is super stable, more epic and more sexy. Play it!
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(Newser)
–
Gov. Jon Corzine's strategy of running an ad that calls attention to challenger Chris Christie’s girth may be paying off: 19% of New Jersey voters said Christie’s weight made them less likely to vote for him, while 11% said it was a “legitimate campaign issue,” a new poll shows. While the precise effect is debatable, the race is getting closer: The poll has Republican Christie up 40%-39% over Corzine, a drop from his lead of 44%-35% last month, notes Talking Points Memo.
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