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medical imaging is key in modern medicine. from magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) to microscopic imaging for blood cell detection, diagnostic medical imaging reveals vital insights into patient health. to predict diseases or provide individualized therapies, machine learning techniques like kernel methods have been widely used. nevertheless, there are multiple challenges for implementing kernel methods. medical image data often originates from various hospitals and cannot be combined due to privacy concerns, and the high dimensionality of image data presents another significant obstacle. while randomised encoding offers a promising direction, existing methods often struggle with a trade - off between accuracy and efficiency. addressing the need for efficient privacy - preserving methods on distributed image data, we introduce okra ( orthonormal k - frames ), a novel randomized encoding - based approach for kernel - based machine learning. this technique, tailored for widely used kernel functions, significantly enhances scalability and speed compared to current state - of - the - art solutions. through experiments conducted on various clinical image datasets, we evaluated model quality, computational performance, and resource overhead. additionally, our method outperforms comparable approaches
arxiv:2410.15840
among the variational wave functions for fermionic hamiltonians, neural network backflow ( nnbf ) and hidden fermion determinant states ( hfds ) are two prominent classes to provide accurate approximations to the ground state. here we develop a unifying view of fermionic neural quantum states casting them all in the framework of nnbf. nnbf wave - functions have configuration - dependent single - particle orbitals ( spo ) which are parameterized by a neural network. we show that hfds with $ r $ hidden fermions can be written as a nnbf with an $ r \ times r $ determinant jastrow and a restricted low - rank $ r $ additive correction to the spo. furthermore, we show that in nnbf wave - functions, such determinant jastrow ' s can generically be removed at the cost of further complicating the additive spo correction increasing its rank by $ r $. we numerically and analytically compare additive spo corrections generated by the product of two matrices with inner dimension $ r $. we find that larger $ r $ wave - functions span a larger space and give evidence that simpler and more direct updates to the spo ' s tend to be more expressive and better energetically. these suggest the standard nnbf approach is preferred amongst other related choices. finally, we uncover that the row - selection used to select single - particle orbitals allows significant sign and amplitude modulation between nearby configurations and is partially responsible for the quality of nnbf and hfds wave - functions.
arxiv:2311.09450
the broadband seds of blazars exhibit two broad spectral components, which in leptonic emission models are attributed to synchrotron radiation and synchrotron self - compton ( ssc ) radiation of relativistic electrons. during high state phases, the high - frequency ssc component often dominates the low - frequency synchrotron component, implying that the inverse compton ssc losses of electrons are at least equal to or greater than the synchrotron losses of electrons. we calculate from the analytical solution of the kinetic equation of relativistic electrons, subject to the combined linear synchrotron and nonlinear synchrotron self - compton cooling, for monoenergetic injection the time - integrated total synchrotron and ssc radiation fluences and spectral energy distributions ( sed ). depending on the ratio of the initial cooling terms, displayed by the injection parameter $ \ alpha $, we find for $ \ alpha \ ll 1 $, implying complete linear cooling, that the synchrotron peak dominates the inverse compton peak and the usual results of the spectra are recovered. for $ \ alpha \ gg 1 $ the ssc peak dominates the synchrotron peak, proving our assumption that in such a case the cooling becomes initially non - linear. the spectra also show some unique features, which can be attributed directly to the non - linear cooling. to show the potential of the model, we apply it to outbursts of 3c 279 and 3c 454. 3, successfully reproducing the seds. the results of our analysis are promising, and we argue that this non - equilibrium model should be considered in future modeling attempts for blazar flares.
arxiv:1110.2904
thermal gradients lead to macroscopic fluid motion if a confining surface is present along the gradient. this fundamental nonequilibrium effect, known as thermo - osmosis, is held responsible for particle thermophoresis in colloidal suspensions. a unified approach for thermo - osmosis in liquids and in gases is still lacking. linear response theory is generalised to inhomogeneous systems, leading to an exact microscopic theory for the thermo - osmotic flow showing that the effect originates from two independent physical mechanisms, playing different roles in the gas and liquid phases, reducing to known expressions in the appropriate limits.
arxiv:1901.09840
in this paper, we prove that the general tiling problem of the hyperbolic plane is undecidable by proving a slightly stronger version using only a regular polygon as the basic shape of the tiles. the problem was raised by a paper of raphael robinson in 1971, in his famous simplified proof that the general tiling problem is undecidable for the euclidean plane, initially proved by robert berger in 1966.
arxiv:0706.4161
in recent years, there has been a growing interest in designing small - footprint yet effective connectionist temporal classification based keyword spotting ( ctc - kws ) systems. they are typically deployed on low - resource computing platforms, where limitations on model size and computational capacity create bottlenecks under complicated acoustic scenarios. such constraints often result in overfitting and confusion between keywords and background noise, leading to high false alarms. to address these issues, we propose a noise - aware ctc - based kws ( ntc - kws ) framework designed to enhance model robustness in noisy environments, particularly under extremely low signal - to - noise ratios. our approach introduces two additional noise - modeling wildcard arcs into the training and decoding processes based on weighted finite state transducer ( wfst ) graphs : self - loop arcs to address noise insertion errors and bypass arcs to handle masking and interference caused by excessive noise. experiments on clean and noisy hey snips show that ntc - kws outperforms state - of - the - art ( sota ) end - to - end systems and ctc - kws baselines across various acoustic conditions, with particularly strong performance in low snr scenarios.
arxiv:2412.12614
we report on an efficient and highly controlled cold atom hollow - core fiber interface, suitable for quantum simulation, information, and sensing. the main focus of this manuscript is a detailed study on transporting cold atoms into the fiber using an optical conveyor belt. we discuss how we can precisely control the spatial, thermal, and temporal distribution of the atoms by, e. g., varying the speed at which the atoms are transported or adjusting the depth of the transport potential according to the atomic position. we characterize the transport of atoms to the fiber tip for these different parameters. in particular, we show that by adapting the transport potential we can lower the temperature of the transported atoms by a factor of 6, while reducing the transport efficiency only by a factor 2. for atoms transported inside the fiber, we can obtain a transport efficiency into the fiber of more than 40 % and we study the influence of the different transport parameters on the time - dependent optical depth signal. when comparing our measurements to the results of a classical transport simulation, we find a good qualitative agreement.
arxiv:1805.06333
for the pt symmetric potential of dorey, dunning and tateo we show that in the large angular momentum ( i. e., strongly spiked ) limit the low - lying eigenstates of this popular non - hermitian problem coincide with the shifted hermitian harmonic oscillators calculated at the zero angular momentum. this type of an approximate hermitization is valid in all the domain where the spectrum of energies remains real. it proves very efficient numerically. the construction is asymmetric with respect to the sign of the subdominant square - root spike, and exhibits a discontinuity at the point where the pt symmetric regularization vanishes.
arxiv:hep-th/0205181
we apply the coupled cluster method ( ccm ) in order to study the ground - state properties of the ( unfrustrated ) square - lattice and ( frustrated ) triangular - lattice spin - half heisenberg antiferromagnets in the presence of external magnetic fields. here we determine and solve the basic ccm equations by using the localised approximation scheme commonly referred to as the ` lsub $ m $ ' approximation scheme and we carry out high - order calculations by using intensive computational methods. we calculate the ground - state energy, the uniform susceptibility, the total ( lattice ) magnetisation and the local ( sublattice ) magnetisations as a function of the magnetic field strength. our results for the lattice magnetisation of the square - lattice case compare well to those results of qmc for all values of the applied external magnetic field. we find a value for magnetic susceptibility of $ \ chi = 0. 070 $ for the square - lattice antiferromagnet, which is also in agreement with the results of other approximate methods ( e. g., $ \ chi = 0. 0669 $ via qmc ). our estimate for the range of the extent of the ( $ m / m _ s = $ ) $ \ frac 13 $ magnetisation plateau for the triangular - lattice antiferromagnet is $ 1. 37 < \ lambda < 2. 15 $, which is in good agreement with results of spin - wave theory ( $ 1. 248 < \ lambda < 2. 145 $ ) and exact diagonalisations ( $ 1. 38 < \ lambda < 2. 16 $ ). the ccm value for the in - plane magnetic susceptibility per site is $ \ chi = 0. 065 $, which is below the result of the spin - wave theory ( evaluated to order 1 / s ) of $ \ chi _ { swt } = 0. 0794 $.
arxiv:0908.2881
efficient quantum circuit optimization schemes are central to quantum simulation of strongly interacting quantum many body systems. here, we present an optimization algorithm which combines machine learning techniques and tensor network methods. the said algorithm runs on classical hardware and finds shallow, accurate quantum circuits by minimizing scalar cost functions. the gradients relevant for the optimization process are computed using the reverse mode automatic differentiation technique implemented on top of the time - evolved block decimation algorithm for matrix product states. a variation of the adam optimizer is utilized to perform a gradient descent on the manifolds of charge conserving unitary operators to find the optimal quantum circuit. the efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by finding the ground states of spin chain hamiltonians for the ising, three - state potts and the massive schwinger models for system sizes up to l = 100. the first ten excited states of these models are also obtained for system sizes l = 24. all circuits achieve high state fidelities within reasonable cpu time and modest memory requirements.
arxiv:2408.12583
nonparametric estimation of the mean and covariance functions is ubiquitous in functional data analysis and local linear smoothing techniques are most frequently used. zhang and wang ( 2016 ) explored different types of asymptotic properties of the estimation, which reveal interesting phase transition phenomena based on the relative order of the average sampling frequency per subject $ t $ to the number of subjects $ n $, partitioning the data into three categories : " sparse ", " semi - dense ", and " ultra - dense ". in an increasingly available high - dimensional scenario, where the number of functional variables $ p $ is large in relation to $ n $, we revisit this open problem from a non - asymptotic perspective by deriving comprehensive concentration inequalities for the local linear smoothers. besides being of interest by themselves, our non - asymptotic results lead to elementwise maximum rates of $ l _ 2 $ convergence and uniform convergence serving as a fundamentally important tool for further convergence analysis when $ p $ grows exponentially with $ n $ and possibly $ t $. with the presence of extra $ \ log p $ terms to account for the high - dimensional effect, we then investigate the scaled phase transitions and the corresponding elementwise maximum rates from sparse to semi - dense to ultra - dense functional data in high dimensions. we also discuss a couple of applications of our theoretical results. finally, numerical studies are carried out to confirm the established theoretical properties.
arxiv:2306.00476
to be fairly narrow state with a width of dozens of mev, and they mainly decay into $ \ lambda _ c \ pi $. some evidences of them might be observed in the $ \ lambda _ c \ pi $ invariant mass spectra around the energy range of $ 3. 1 - 3. 2 $ gev.
arxiv:2303.13774
a characterisation of scintillating fibres with silicon photomultiplier read - out was performed in view of their possible application in fibre tracking detector systems. such a concept is being considered for the kaos spectrometer at the mainz microtron mami and as a time - of - flight start detector for the hypernuclear physics programme at the panda experiment of the fair project. results on particle detection effciency and time resolution are discussed. in summary, the silicon devices are very suitable for the detection of the low light yield from scintillating fibres insofar a trigger scheme is found to cope with the noise rate characteristics.
arxiv:0806.4483
in this paper, we give a criterion for the properness of the k - energy in a general kahler class of a compact kahler manifold by using song - weinkove ' s result. as applications, we give some kahler classes on $ \ mathbb { c } \ mathbb { p } ^ 2 \ # 3 \ overline { \ mathbb { c } \ mathbb { p } ^ 2 } $ and $ \ mathbb { c } \ mathbb { p } ^ 2 \ # 8 \ overline { \ mathbb { c } \ mathbb { p } ^ 2 } $ in which the k - energy is proper. finally, we prove song - weinkove ' s result on the existence of critical points of $ \ hat j $ functional by the continuity method.
arxiv:1311.1032
we review standard applications of perturbative qcd to baryon production, and argue by examining data that it is generally relevant at high but experimentally feasible momentum transfers. then we consider some new initiatives, particularly meson photoproduction off baryons and the seeming quagmire of delta ( 1232 ) electroproduction.
arxiv:hep-ph/9809595
recently there has been a huge interest in dialog systems. this interest has also been developed in the field of the medical domain where researchers are focusing on building a dialog system in the medical domain. this research is focused on the multi - turn dialog system trained on the multi - turn dialog data. it is difficult to gather a huge amount of multi - turn conversational data in the medical domain that is verified by professionals and can be trusted. however, there are several frequently asked questions ( faqs ) or single - turn qa pairs that have information that is verified by the experts and can be used to build a multi - turn dialog system.
arxiv:2105.12887
one of the conspicuous features of real slices of bicritical rational maps is the existence of tricorn - type hyperbolic components. such a hyperbolic component is called invisible if the non - bifurcating sub - arcs on its boundary do not intersect the closure of any other hyperbolic component. numerical evidence suggests an abundance of invisible tricorn - type components in real slices of bicritical rational maps. in this paper, we study two different families of real bicritical maps and characterize invisible tricorn - type components in terms of suitable topological properties in the dynamical planes of the representative maps. we use this criterion to prove the existence of infinitely many invisible tricorn - type components in the corresponding parameter spaces. although we write the proofs for two specific families, our methods apply to generic families of real bicritical maps.
arxiv:1710.05071
physical states of two - dimensional topological gauge theories are studied using the brst formalism in the light - cone gauge. all physical states are obtained for the abelian theory. there are an infinite number of physical states with different ghost numbers. simple examples of physical states in a non - abelian theory are also given.
arxiv:hep-th/9301027
we solve grothendieck ' s localization problem for certain class of rings arising from the tight closure theory. the idea of the proof depends heavily on the study of the relative version of the frobenius map.
arxiv:0710.3782
with the rapid growth of online information, the spread of fake news has become a serious social challenge. in this study, we propose a novel detection framework based on large language models ( llms ) to identify and classify fake news by integrating textual statistical features and deep semantic features. our approach utilizes the contextual understanding capability of the large language model for text analysis and introduces a hybrid attention mechanism to focus on feature combinations that are particularly important for fake news identification. extensive experiments on the welfake news dataset show that our model significantly outperforms existing methods, with a 1. 5 \ % improvement in f1 score. in addition, we assess the interpretability of the model through attention heat maps and shap values, providing actionable insights for content review strategies. our framework provides a scalable and efficient solution to deal with the spread of fake news and helps build a more reliable online information ecosystem.
arxiv:2501.11967
sales forecasting is the prerequisite for a lot of managerial decisions such as production planning, material resource planning and budgeting in the supply chain. promotions are one of the most important business strategies that are often used to boost sales. while promotions are attractive for generating demand, it is often difficult to forecast demand in their presence. in the past few decades, several quantitative models have been developed to forecast sales including statistical and machine learning models. however, these methods may not be adequate to account for all the internal and external factors that may impact sales. as a result, qualitative models have been adopted along with quantitative methods as consulting experts has been proven to improve forecast accuracy by providing contextual information. such models are being used extensively to account for factors that can lead to a rapid change in sales, such as during promotions. in this paper, we aim to use bayesian networks to forecast promotional sales where a combination of factors such as price, type of promotions, and product location impacts sales. we choose to develop a bn model because bn models essentially have the capability to combine various qualitative and quantitative factors with causal forms, making it an attractive tool for sales forecasting during promotions. this can be used to adjust a company ' s promotional strategy in the context of this case study. we gather sales data for a particular product from a retailer that sells products in australia. we develop a bayesian network for this product and validate our results by empirical analysis. this paper confirms that bns can be effectively used to forecast sales, especially during promotions. in the end, we provide some research avenues for using bns in forecasting sales.
arxiv:2112.08706
we study the quantum group gauge theory developed elsewhere in the limit when the base space ( spacetime ) is a classical space rather than a general quantum space. we show that this limit of the theory for gauge quantum group $ u _ q ( g ) $ is isomorphic to usual gauge theory with lie algebra $ g $. thus a new kind of gauge theory is not obtained in this way, although we do find some differences in the coupling to matter. our analysis also illuminates certain inconsistencies in previous work on this topic where a different conclusion had been reached. in particular, we show that the use of the quantum trace in defining a yang - mills action in this setting is not appropriate.
arxiv:hep-th/9210024
with the application of surface acoustic wave ( saw ) of 39. 5 mhz to a model polymer liquid film, polyisobutylene, deposited on the solid substrates, the liquid film is densified, proved by the decrease of film thickness and the increase of refractive index, measured by ellipsometry. rotational motion of fluorescent probes doped inside the liquid film, measured by polarization - resolved single molecule fluorescence microscopy, is retarded and the dynamical heterogeneity is reduced. it is demonstrated that the application of saw of high frequency makes the thin polymeric liquid film densified and more dynamically homogeneous.
arxiv:1910.05525
recently, the use of millimeter wave ( mmw ) frequencies has emerged as a promising solution for wirelessly connecting unmanned aerial vehicles ( uavs ) to ground users. however, employing uavassisted directional mmw links is challenging due to the random fluctuations of hovering uavs. in this paper, the performance of uav - based mmw links is investigated when uavs are equipped with square array antennas. the 3gpp antenna propagation patterns are used to model the square array antenna. it is shown that the square array antenna is sensitive to both horizontal and vertical angular vibrations of uavs. in order to explore the relationship between the vibrations of uavs and their antenna pattern, the uav - based mmw channels are characterized by considering the large scale path loss, small scale fading along with antenna patterns as well as the random effect of uavs ' angular vibrations. to enable effective performance analysis, tractable and closed - form statistical channel models are derived for aerial - to - aerial ( a2a ), ground - to - aerial ( g2a ), and aerial - to - ground ( a2g ) channels. the accuracy of analytical models is verified by employing monte carlo simulations. analytical results are then used to study the effect of antenna pattern gain under different conditions for the uavs ' angular vibrations for establishing reliable uav - assisted mmw links in terms of achieving minimum outage probability.
arxiv:2003.00526
microbursts are short duration intensifications in precipitating electron flux that are believed to be a significant contributor to electron losses in the magnetosphere. microbursts have been observed in the form of bouncing electron packets, which offer a unique opportunity to study the properties of microbursts and their importance as a loss process. we present a collection of bouncing microbursts observed by the hilt instrument on sampex from 1994 - 2004. we analyze the locations of the bouncing microbursts in l and mlt and find they align well with the properties of relativistic microbursts as a whole. we find that that the majority of bouncing microbursts observed by sampex have scale sizes of 30km at the point of observation, or about 1500km when mapped to the equator. the time separation between the peaks of these bouncing microbursts is usually either half a bounce period or a whole bounce period.
arxiv:2312.03955
large language models ( llms ) are prone to hallucinations, i. e., nonsensical, unfaithful, and undesirable text. users tend to overrely on llms and corresponding hallucinations which can lead to misinterpretations and errors. to tackle the problem of overreliance, we propose hill, the " hallucination identifier for large language models ". first, we identified design features for hill with a wizard of oz approach with nine participants. subsequently, we implemented hill based on the identified design features and evaluated hill ' s interface design by surveying 17 participants. further, we investigated hill ' s functionality to identify hallucinations based on an existing question - answering dataset and five user interviews. we find that hill can correctly identify and highlight hallucinations in llm responses which enables users to handle llm responses with more caution. with that, we propose an easy - to - implement adaptation to existing llms and demonstrate the relevance of user - centered designs of ai artifacts.
arxiv:2403.06710
let $ f ( z ) = \ sum _ { n = 0 } ^ { + \ infty } a _ nz ^ n $ \ $ ( z \ in \ mathbb { c } ) $ \ be an analytic function in the unit disk and $ f _ t $ be an analytic function of the form $ f _ t ( z ) = \ sum _ { n = 0 } ^ { + \ infty } a _ ne ^ { i \ theta _ nt } z ^ n, $ where $ t \ in \ mathbb { r }, $ $ \ theta _ n \ in \ mathbb { n }, $ and $ h $ be a positive continuous function on $ ( 0, 1 ) $ increasing to $ + \ infty $ and such that $ \ int _ { r _ 0 } ^ 1h ( r ) dr = + \ infty, r _ 0 \ in ( 0, 1 ). $ \ if the sequence $ ( \ theta _ n ) _ { n \ geq0 } $ satisfies the inequality $ $ \ varlimsup _ { n \ to + \ infty } \ frac1 { \ ln n } \ ln \ frac { \ theta _ n } { \ theta _ { n + 1 } - \ theta _ n } \ leq \ delta \ in [ 0, 1 / 2 ), $ $ then for all analytic functions $ f _ t $ almost surely for $ t $ there exists a set $ e = e ( \ delta, t ) \ subset ( 0, 1 ) $ such that $ \ int _ eh ( r ) dr < + \ infty $ and $ $ \ varlimsup _ { { substack } { r \ to1 - 0 r \ notin e } { substack } } \ frac { \ ln m _ f ( r, t ) - \ ln \ mu _ f ( r ) } { 2 \ ln h ( r ) + \ ln \ ln \ { h ( r ) \ mu _ f ( r ) \ } } \ leq \ frac { 1 + 2 \ delta } { 4 + 3 \ delta }, $ $ where $ m _ f ( r, t ) = \ max \ { | f _ t ( z ) | \ colon | z | = r \ }, $ \ $ \ mu _ f ( r ) = \ max
arxiv:1206.3655
start, a high - efficiency and low - noise scintillation detector for ionizing particles, was developed for the purpose of creating a high - granular system for triggering cosmic muons. scintillation light in start is detected by mrs apds ( avalanche photo - diodes with metal - resistance - semiconductor structure ), operated in the geiger mode, which have 1 mm ^ 2 sensitive areas. start is assembled from a 15 x 15 x 1 cm ^ 3 scintillating plastic plate, two mrs apds and two pieces of wavelength - shifting optical fiber stacked in circular coils inside the plastic. the front - end electronic card is mounted directly on the detector. tests with start have confirmed its operational consistency, over 99 % efficiency of mip registration and good homogeneity. start demonstrates a low intrinsic noise of about 10 ^ { - 2 } hz. if these detectors are to be mass - produced, the cost of a mosaic array of starts is estimated at a moderate level of 2 - 3 kusd / m ^ 2.
arxiv:physics/0603224
recently, we have presented some simple arguments supporting the existence of certain complementarity between thermodynamic quantities of temperature and energy, an idea suggested by bohr and heinsenberg in the early days of quantum mechanics. such a complementarity is expressed as the impossibility of perform an exact simultaneous determination of the system energy and temperature by using an experimental procedure based on the thermal equilibrium with other system regarded as a measure apparatus ( thermometer ). in this work, we provide a simple generalization of this latter approach with the consideration of a thermodynamic situation with several control parameters.
arxiv:0910.2867
we present spatially - and spectrally - resolved photoluminescence measurements of indirect excitons in high magnetic fields. long indirect exciton lifetimes give the opportunity to measure magnetoexciton transport by optical imaging. indirect excitons formed from electrons and holes at zeroth landau levels ( 0e - 0h indirect magnetoexcitons ) travel over large distances and form a ring emission pattern around the excitation spot. in contrast, the spatial profiles of 1e - 1h and 2e - 2h indirect magnetoexciton emission closely follow the laser excitation profile. the 0e - 0h indirect magnetoexciton transport distance reduces with increasing magnetic field. these effects are explained in terms of magnetoexciton energy relaxation and effective mass enhancement.
arxiv:1610.03116
we construct noncommutative donaldson - thomas invariants associated with abelian orbifold singularities by analysing the instanton contributions to a six - dimensional topological gauge theory. the noncommutative deformation of this gauge theory localizes on noncommutative instantons which can be classified in terms of three - dimensional young diagrams with a colouring of boxes according to the orbifold group. we construct a moduli space for these gauge field configurations which allows us to compute its virtual numbers via the counting of representations of a quiver with relations. the quiver encodes the instanton dynamics of the noncommutative gauge theory, and is associated to the geometry of the singularity via the generalized mckay correspondence. the index of bps states which compute the noncommutative donaldson - thomas invariants is realized via topological quantum mechanics based on the quiver data. we illustrate these constructions with several explicit examples, involving also higher rank coulomb branch invariants and geometries with compact divisors, and connect our approach with other ones in the literature.
arxiv:1012.2725
differential privacy ( dp ) image data synthesis, which leverages the dp technique to generate synthetic data to replace the sensitive data, allowing organizations to share and utilize synthetic images without privacy concerns. previous methods incorporate the advanced techniques of generative models and pre - training on a public dataset to produce exceptional dp image data, but suffer from problems of unstable training and massive computational resource demands. this paper proposes a novel dp image synthesis method, termed privimage, which meticulously selects pre - training data, promoting the efficient creation of dp datasets with high fidelity and utility. privimage first establishes a semantic query function using a public dataset. then, this function assists in querying the semantic distribution of the sensitive dataset, facilitating the selection of data from the public dataset with analogous semantics for pre - training. finally, we pre - train an image generative model using the selected data and then fine - tune this model on the sensitive dataset using differentially private stochastic gradient descent ( dp - sgd ). privimage allows us to train a lightly parameterized generative model, reducing the noise in the gradient during dp - sgd training and enhancing training stability. extensive experiments demonstrate that privimage uses only 1 % of the public dataset for pre - training and 7. 6 % of the parameters in the generative model compared to the state - of - the - art method, whereas achieves superior synthetic performance and conserves more computational resources. on average, privimage achieves 30. 1 % lower fid and 12. 6 % higher classification accuracy than the state - of - the - art method. the replication package and datasets can be accessed online.
arxiv:2311.12850
we develop a penalized likelihood estimation framework to estimate the structure of gaussian bayesian networks from observational data. in contrast to recent methods which accelerate the learning problem by restricting the search space, our main contribution is a fast algorithm for score - based structure learning which does not restrict the search space in any way and works on high - dimensional datasets with thousands of variables. our use of concave regularization, as opposed to the more popular $ \ ell _ 0 $ ( e. g. bic ) penalty, is new. moreover, we provide theoretical guarantees which generalize existing asymptotic results when the underlying distribution is gaussian. most notably, our framework does not require the existence of a so - called faithful dag representation, and as a result the theory must handle the inherent nonidentifiability of the estimation problem in a novel way. finally, as a matter of independent interest, we provide a comprehensive comparison of our approach to several standard structure learning methods using open - source packages developed for the r language. based on these experiments, we show that our algorithm is significantly faster than other competing methods while obtaining higher sensitivity with comparable false discovery rates for high - dimensional data. in particular, the total runtime for our method to generate a solution path of 20 estimates for dags with 8000 nodes is around one hour.
arxiv:1401.0852
their observations on some of the first geological maps. aided by chemical experimentation, naturalists such as scotland ' s john walker, sweden ' s torbern bergman, and germany ' s abraham werner created comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals — a collective achievement that transformed geology into a cutting edge field by the end of the eighteenth century. these early geologists also proposed a generalized interpretations of earth history that led james hutton, georges cuvier and alexandre brongniart, following in the steps of steno, to argue that layers of rock could be dated by the fossils they contained : a principle first applied to the geology of the paris basin. the use of index fossils became a powerful tool for making geological maps, because it allowed geologists to correlate the rocks in one locality with those of similar age in other, distant localities. = = = = birth of modern economics = = = = the basis for classical economics forms adam smith ' s an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, published in 1776. smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. he postulated an " invisible hand " that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided only by self - interest. the " invisible hand " mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the " wealth of nations ", 1776, advances as smith ' s central message. = = = = social science = = = = anthropology can best be understood as an outgrowth of the age of enlightenment. it was during this period that europeans attempted systematically to study human behavior. traditions of jurisprudence, history, philology and sociology developed during this time and informed the development of the social sciences of which anthropology was a part. = = 19th century = = the 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession. william whewell had coined the term scientist in 1833, which soon replaced the older term natural philosopher. = = = developments in physics = = = in physics, the behavior of electricity and magnetism was studied by giovanni aldini, alessandro volta, michael faraday, georg ohm, and others. the experiments, theories and discoveries of michael faraday, andre - marie ampere, james clerk maxwell, and their contemporaries led to the unification of the two phenomena into a single theory of electromagnetism as described by maxwell ' s equations. thermodynamics led to an understanding of heat and the notion of energy being defined. = = = discovery of neptune = = = in astronomy, the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science
the mismatch of acoustic impedance at water - air interface can lead a low transmitted sound energy. in this paper, we propose a discrete metasurface for extreme sound transmission based on the impedance matching theory. by employing topology optimization, discrete unit cells with different aspect ratios are designed with unitary sound transmission. the unit cell of continuous metasurface is also obtained for comparison. after analyzing the wide - angle performance of discrete unit cells, samples of both discrete and continuous metasurfaces are fabricated. sound transmission enhancement of discrete metasurface is clearly measured compared to the bare water - air interface. and the amplitude is relatively larger than that of the continuous sample. experimental results are in general agreement with numerical ones when viscosity of the sample is considered. furthermore, the frequency shifts between experiment and simulation are attributed to the random immersion of unit cells for discrete metasurface and the bending of continuous metasurface, respectively. the present work suggests an alternative way for improving the efficiency of water - air acoustic communication.
arxiv:2308.01043
##c largely improves eras results on $ h _ { \ text { m } } ^ { \ text { e } } $ or on excess molar heat capacities at constant pressure for the mixtures with 1 - alkanols, which underlines that physical interactions are very relevant in such solutions.
arxiv:2410.00799
evidence for the accretion of material in spiral galaxies has grown over the past years and clear signatures can be found in hi observations of galaxies. we describe here new detailed and sensitive hi synthesis observations of a few nearby galaxies ( ngc 3359, ngc 4565 and ngc 6946 ) which show that indeed accretion of small amounts of gas is taking place. these should be regarded as examples illustrating a general phenomenon of gas infall in galaxies. such accretion may also be at the origin of the gaseous halos which are being found around spirals. probably it is the same kind of phenomenon of material infall as observed in the stellar streams in the halo and outer parts of our galaxy and m 31
arxiv:astro-ph/0411055
in this article, we introduce a kind of numerical schemes, based on pad $ \ acute { e } $ approximation, for two stochastic hamiltonian systems which are treated separately. for the linear stochastic hamiltonian systems, it is shown that the applied pad $ \ acute e $ approximations $ p _ { ( k, k ) } $ give numerical solutions that inherit the symplecticity and the proposed numerical schemes based on $ p _ { ( r, s ) } $ are of mean - square order $ \ frac { r + s } { 2 } $ under appropriate conditions. in case of the special stochastic hamiltonian systems with additive noises, the numerical method using two kinds of pad $ \ acute e $ approximation $ p _ { ( \ hat r, \ hat s ) } $ and $ p _ { ( \ check r, \ check s ) } $ has mean - square order $ \ check r + \ check s + 1 $ when $ \ hat r + \ hat s = \ check r + \ check s + 2 $. moreover, the numerical solution is symplectic if $ \ hat r = \ hat s $.
arxiv:1512.04194
the combination of an in - plane honeycomb potential and of a photonic spin - orbit coupling ( soc ) emulates a photonic / polaritonic analog of bilayer graphene. we show that modulating the soc magnitude allows to change the overall lattice periodicity, emulating any type of moir \ ' e - arranged bilayer graphene with a unique all - optical access to the moir \ ' e band topology. we show that breaking the time - reversal symmetry by an effective exciton - polariton zeeman splitting opens a large topological gap in the array of moir \ ' e flat bands. this gap contains one - way topological edge states whose constant group velocity makes an increasingly sharp contrast with the flattening moir \ ' e bands.
arxiv:2404.03949
molecular oxygen has been detected in the coma of comet 67p / churyumov - gerasimenko with abundances in the 1 - 10 % range by the rosina - dfms instrument on board the rosetta spacecraft. here we find that the radiolysis of icy grains in low - density environments such as the presolar cloud may induce the production of large amounts of molecular oxygen. we also show that molecular oxygen can be efficiently trapped in clathrates formed in the protosolar nebula, and that its incorporation as crystalline ice is highly implausible because this would imply much larger abundances of ar and n2 than those observed in the coma. assuming that radiolysis has been the only o2 production mechanism at work, we conclude that the formation of comet 67p / churyumov - gerasimenko is possible in a dense and early protosolar nebula in the framework of two extreme scenarios : ( 1 ) agglomeration from pristine amorphous icy grains / particles formed in ism and ( 2 ) agglomeration from clathrates that formed during the disk ' s cooling. the former scenario is found consistent with the strong correlation between o2 and h2o observed in 67p / c - g ' s coma while the latter scenario requires that clathrates formed from ism icy grains that crystallized when entering the protosolar nebula.
arxiv:1604.08831
september 2011 ). " education supports racial and ethnic equality in stem " ( pdf ). u. s. department of commerce. retrieved 2012 - 12 - 21. david beede ; et al. ( august 2011 ). " women in stem : an opportunity and an imperative " ( pdf ). u. s. department of commerce. retrieved 2012 - 12 - 21. kaye husbands fealing, aubrey incorvaia, and richard utz, " humanizing science and engineering for the twenty - first century. " issues in science and technology, fall issue, 2022 : 54 – 57. david langdon ; et al. ( july 2011 ). " stem : good jobs now and for the future " ( pdf ). u. s. department of commerce. retrieved 2012 - 12 - 21. arden bement ( may 24, 2005 ). " statement to house & senate appriopriators in support of stem education and nsf education " ( pdf ). stem coalition. archived from the original ( pdf ) on november 20, 2012. retrieved 2012 - 12 - 21. carla c. johnson, et al., eds. ( 2020 ) handbook of research on stem education ( routledge, 2020 ). mary kirk ( 2009 ). gender and information technology : moving beyond access to co - create global partnership. igi global snippet. isbn 978 - 1 - 59904 - 786 - 7. shirley m. malcom ; daryl e. chubin ; jolene k. jesse ( 2004 ). standing our ground : a guidebook for stem educators in the post - michigan era. american association for the advancement of science. isbn 0871686996. unesco publication on girls education in stem – cracking the code : girls ' and women ' s education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics ( stem ) " http : / / unesdoc. unesco. org / images / 0025 / 002534 / 253479e. pdf " wing lau – chief engineer at the department of physics, oxford university ( oct 12, 2017 ). " stem re - vitalisation, not trivialisation ". openschool. retrieved 2017 - 10 - 12. = = external links = = media related to stem at wikimedia commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics
we address the problem of classifying the links of signed social networks given their full structural topology. motivated by a binary user behaviour assumption, which is supported by decades of research in psychology, we develop an efficient and surprisingly simple approach to solve this classification problem. our methods operate both within the active and batch settings. we demonstrate that the algorithms we developed are extremely fast in both theoretical and practical terms. within the active setting, we provide a new complexity measure and a rigorous analysis of our methods that hold for arbitrary signed networks. we validate our theoretical claims carrying out a set of experiments on three well known real - world datasets, showing that our methods outperform the competitors while being much faster.
arxiv:1602.08986
the technology of drawing with shear is developed. it allows increasing technological plasticity of low carbon steel without heat treatment. it is found that the use of experimental technology can improve mechanical properties of wire samples with the diameter reduced during drawing : the relative reduction of the wire decreases slightly and remains at high level compared with the classical technology, where the relative reduction in the course of drawing drops more than twice. it is shown that the use of experimental technology allows varying the size of a ferrite grain ( increase or decrease ) compared with the classical technology, where increasing of deformation degree results in grain reduction. furthermore, the experimental technology allows reducing the number of pores in a wire of small diameter. to prevent heating of the wire and the drawing dies, it is proposed to use experimental drawing through two experimental dies with shear separated by an ordinary die. as a result, the workability of the process will be enhanced and the efforts of drawing will be reduced.
arxiv:1408.0125
we present the full $ { \ cal o } ( \ as ^ 2 ) $ computation of the interference effects between the higgs diphoton signal and the continuum background at the lhc. while the main contribution to the interference originates on the $ gg $ partonic subprocess, we find that the corrections from the $ qg $ and $ q \ bar { q } $ channels amount up to 35 % of it. we discuss the effect of these new subprocesses in the shift of the diphoton invariant mass peak recently reported by s. martin in ref. \ cite { martin : 2012xc }.
arxiv:1303.1397
weak lensing of galaxies and cmb photons through the large - scale structure of the universe is one of the most promising cosmological probes with upcoming experiments dedicated to its measurements such as euclid / lsst and cmb stage 4 experiments. with increasingly precise measurements, there is a dire need for accurate theoretical predictions. in this work, we focus on higher order statistics of the weak lensing convergence field, namely its cumulants such as skewness and kurtosis and its one - point probability distribution ( pdf ), and we quantify using perturbation theory the corrections coming from post - born effects, meaning beyond the straight - line and independent lenses approximations. at first order, two such corrections arise : lens - lens couplings and geodesic deviation. though the corrections are small for low source redshifts ( below a few percents ) and therefore for galaxy lensing, they become important at higher redshifts, notably in the context of cmb lensing, where the non - gaussianities computed from tree - order perturbation theory are found to be of the same order as the signal itself. we include these post - born corrections on the skewness into a prediction for the one - point convergence pdf obtained with large deviation theory and successfully test these results against numerical simulations. the modelled pdf is indeed shown to perform better than the percent for apertures above ~ 10 arcminutes and typically in the three sigmas region around the mean.
arxiv:2002.03625
we present lower bounds for the coefficients of ehrhart polynomials of convex lattice polytopes in terms of their volume. concerning the coefficients of the ehrhart series of a lattice polytope we show that hibi ' s lower bound is not true for lattice polytopes without interior lattice points. the counterexample is based on a formula of the ehrhart series of the join of two lattice polytope. we also present a formula for calculating the ehrhart series of integral dilates of a polytope.
arxiv:0710.2665
propositional dynamic logic or pdl was invented as a logic for reasoning about regular programming constructs. we propose a new perspective on pdl as a multi - agent strategic logic ( masl ). this logic for strategic reasoning has group strategies as first class citizens, and brings game logic closer to standard modal logic. we demonstrate that masl can express key notions of game theory, social choice theory and voting theory in a natural way, we give a sound and complete proof system for masl, and we show that masl encodes coalition logic. next, we extend the language to epistemic multi - agent strategic logic ( emasl ), we give examples of what it can express, we propose to use it for posing new questions in epistemic social choice theory, and we give a calculus for reasoning about a natural class of epistemic game models. we end by listing avenues for future research and by tracing connections to a number of other logics for reasoning about strategies.
arxiv:1310.6437
non - commutative gauge theory with a non - constant non - commutativity parameter can be formulated as a decoupling limit of open strings ending on d3 - branes wrapping a melvin universe. we construct the action explicitly and discuss various physical features of this theory. the decoupled field theory is not supersymmetric. nonetheless, the coulomb branch appears to remain flat at least in the large n and large ' t hooft coupling limit. we also find the analogue of prasad - sommerfield monopoles whose size scales with the non - commutativity parameter and is therefore position dependent.
arxiv:hep-th/0511197
recently hui et al. ( \ cite { hap }, \ cite { han } ) studied contact cr - warped product submanifolds and also warped product pseudo - slant submanifolds of a $ ( lcs ) _ n $ - manifold $ \ bar { m } $. in this paper we have studied the characterization for both these classes of warped product submanifolds. it is also shown that there do not exists any proper warped product bi - slant submanifold of a $ ( lcs ) _ n $ - manifold. although we constructed an example of a bi - slant submanifold of $ ( lcs ) _ n $ - manifold.
arxiv:1803.02526
a laver tree is a tree in which each node splits infinitely often. a hechler tree is a tree in which each node splits cofinitely often. we show that every analytic set is either disjoint from the branches of a heckler tree or contains the branches of a laver tree. as a corollary we deduce silver theorem that all analytic sets are ramsey. we show that in godel ' s constructible universe that our result is false for co - analytic sets ( equivalently it fails for analytic sets if we switch hechler and laver ). we show that under martin ' s axiom that our result holds for sigma ^ 1 _ 2 sets. finally we define two games related to this property. latex2e 8 pages latest version at http : / / www. math. wisc. edu / ~ miller / res / index. html
arxiv:1204.5198
biometric measurements captured from medical devices, such as blood pressure gauges, glucose monitors, and weighing scales, are essential to tracking a patient ' s health. trends in these measurements can accurately track diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and assist medication management for patients. currently, patients record their results and data of measurement in a physical notebook. it may be weeks before a doctor sees a patient ' s records and can assess the health of the patient. with a predicted 6. 8 billion smartphones in the world by 2022, health monitoring platforms, such as apple ' s healthkit, can be leveraged to provide the right care at the right time. this research presents a mobile application that enables users to capture medical monitor data and send it to their doctor swiftly. a key contribution of this paper is a robust engine that can recognize digits from medical monitors with an accuracy of 98. 2 %.
arxiv:1807.04888
we study the phase diagram and critical behavior of the one - dimensional pair contact process ( pcp ) with a particle source using cluster approximations and extensive simulations. the source creates isolated particles only, not pairs, and so couples not to the order parameter ( the pair density ) but to a non - ordering field, whose state influences the evolution of the order parameter. while the critical point p _ c shows a singular dependence on the source intensity, the critical exponents appear to be unaffected by the presence of the source, except possibly for a small change in beta. in the course of our study we obtain high - precision values for the critical exponents of the standard pcp, confirming directed - percolation - like scaling.
arxiv:cond-mat/0108438
##able. additionally, they must be biocompatible, meaning that they do not cause any adverse effects to cells. silicone, for example, is a synthetic, non - biodegradable material commonly used as a drug delivery material, while gelatin is a biodegradable, natural material commonly used in cell - culture scaffolds the material needed for each application is different, and dependent on the desired mechanical properties of the material. tissue engineering of long bone defects for example, will require a rigid scaffold with a compressive strength similar to that of cortical bone ( 100 - 150 mpa ), which is much higher compared to a scaffold for skin regeneration. there are a few versatile synthetic materials used for many different scaffold applications. one of these commonly used materials is polylactic acid ( pla ), a synthetic polymer. pla – polylactic acid. this is a polyester which degrades within the human body to form lactic acid, a naturally occurring chemical which is easily removed from the body. similar materials are polyglycolic acid ( pga ) and polycaprolactone ( pcl ) : their degradation mechanism is similar to that of pla, but pcl degrades slower and pga degrades faster. pla is commonly combined with pga to create poly - lactic - co - glycolic acid ( plga ). this is especially useful because the degradation of plga can be tailored by altering the weight percentages of pla and pga : more pla – slower degradation, more pga – faster degradation. this tunability, along with its biocompatibility, makes it an extremely useful material for scaffold creation. scaffolds may also be constructed from natural materials : in particular different derivatives of the extracellular matrix have been studied to evaluate their ability to support cell growth. protein based materials – such as collagen, or fibrin, and polysaccharidic materials - like chitosan or glycosaminoglycans ( gags ), have all proved suitable in terms of cell compatibility. among gags, hyaluronic acid, possibly in combination with cross linking agents ( e. g. glutaraldehyde, water - soluble carbodiimide, etc. ), is one of the possible choices as scaffold material. due to the covalent attachment of thiol groups to these polymers, they can crosslink via disulfide bond
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering
if a quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor via tunneling contacts, each contact hosts a majorana zero mode in the limit of zero transmission. close to a resonance and at a finite contact transparency, the resonant level in the quantum dot couples the majorana modes, but a ground state degeneracy per fermion parity subspace remains if the number of majorana modes coupled to the dot is five or larger. upon varying shape - defining gate voltages while remaining close to resonance, a nontrivial evolution within the degenerate ground - state manifold is achieved. we characterize the corresponding non - abelian holonomy for a quantum dot with chaotic classical dynamics using random matrix theory and discuss measurable signatures of the non - abelian time - evolution.
arxiv:2304.06754
a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface ( star - ris ) assisted downlink ( dl ) active and uplink ( ul ) backscatter communication ( backcom ) framework is proposed. more particularly, a full - duplex ( fd ) base station ( bs ) communicates with the dl users via the star - ris ' s transmission link, while exciting and receiving the information from the ul backcom devices with the aid of the star - ris ' s reflection link. non - orthogonal multiple access ( noma ) is exploited in both dl and ul communications for improving the spectrum efficiency. the system weighted sum rate maximization problem is formulated for jointly optimizing the fd bs active receive and transmit beamforming, the star - ris passive beamforming, and the dl noma decoding orders, subject to the dl user ' s individual rate constraint. to tackle this challenging non - convex problem, we propose an alternating optimization ( ao ) based algorithm for the joint active and passive beamforming design with a given dl noma decoding order. to address the potential high computational complexity required for exhaustive searching all the noma decoding orders, an efficient noma user ordering scheme is further developed. finally, numerical results demonstrate that : i ) compared with the baseline schemes employing conventional riss or space division multiple access, the proposed scheme achieves higher performance gains ; and ii ) higher ul rate gain is obtained at a cost of dl performance degradation, as a remedy, a more flexible performance tradeoff can be achieved by introducing the star - ris.
arxiv:2403.15120
recent works using artificial neural networks based on distributed word representation greatly boost performance on various natural language processing tasks, especially the answer selection problem. nevertheless, most of the previous works used deep learning methods ( like lstm - rnn, cnn, etc. ) only to capture semantic representation of each sentence separately, without considering the interdependence between each other. in this paper, we propose a novel end - to - end learning framework which constitutes deep convolutional neural network based on multi - modal similarity metric learning ( m $ ^ 2 $ s - net ) on pairwise tokens. the proposed model demonstrates its performance by surpassing previous state - of - the - art systems on the answer selection benchmark, i. e., trec - qa dataset, in both map and mrr metrics.
arxiv:1604.05519
every day, burning buildings threaten the lives of occupants and first responders trying to save them. quick action is of essence, but some areas might not be accessible or too dangerous to enter. robotic systems have become a promising addition to firefighting, but at this stage, they are mostly manually controlled, which is error - prone and requires specially trained personal. we present two systems for autonomous firefighting from air and ground we developed for the mohamed bin zayed international robotics challenge ( mbzirc ) 2020. the systems use lidar for reliable localization within narrow, potentially gnss - restricted environments while maneuvering close to obstacles. measurements from lidar and thermal cameras are fused to track fires, while relative navigation ensures successful extinguishing. we analyze and discuss our successful participation during the mbzirc 2020, present further experiments, and provide insights into our lessons learned from the competition.
arxiv:2106.06444
= = = = the engineering technologist ( state - certified technician ; german : staatlich geprufter techniker ) are vocational ( non - academic ) qualifications at the tertiary level in germany. the degree is governed by the framework agreement of trade and technical schools ( resolution of the standing conference of the ministers of education and cultural affairs of the states in the federal republic of germany of 7 november 2002 in its respective applicable version ) and is recognised by all states of the federal republic of germany. it is awarded after passing state examinations at state or state - recognised technical school or academies ( german : fachschule / fachakademie ). through the vocational training modernisation act ( 12. 12. 2019 ), state - certified engineers are also allowed to hold the title bachelor professional in technik as of 1 january 2020. to be eligible for the engineering technologist examination, candidates must fulfill the following requirements : completion of one of the school systems ( hauptschule, realschule, gymnasium ), an apprenticeship of at least two years duration, one year of completed professional work experience and attendance of an educational program with a course load of 2400 – 3000 hours, usually completed within two years, full - time, or 3. 5 – 4 years, part - time, at vocational colleges. = = = = state - certified technicians / engineers in the eu directives = = = = as of 31 january 2012, state - certified engineers, state - certified business managers and state - certified designers are at level 6 - bachelor in the european qualifications framework ( eqf ), equivalent to a bachelor ' s degree. as such, the engineering technologist constitutes an advanced entry qualification for german universities and in principle permits entry into any undergraduate academic - degree program. the qualifications are listed in eu directives as recognised, regulated professions in germany and the eu. annexes c and d were added to council directive 92 / 51 / eec as a second general system for the recognition of professional education and training to supplement directive 89 / 48 / eec. institutions involved included the federal government ( in germany, the federal ministry of education and research and the federal ministry of economics and technology ), eu standing conference and economic ministerial meeting of countries, the german chamber of crafts, the confederation of german employers ' associations, german chambers of industry and commerce, confederation of german trade unions, and the federal institute for vocational application. these government institutions agreed on a common position regarding the implementation of the eqf and a german qualifications framework ( dq
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_technologist
philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists. major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include : reality : the question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself. logic and rigor relationship with physical reality relationship with science relationship with applications mathematical truth nature as human activity ( science, art, game, or all together ) = = major themes = = = = = reality = = = = = = logic and rigor = = = mathematical reasoning requires rigor. this means that the definitions must be absolutely unambiguous and the proofs must be reducible to a succession of applications of syllogisms or inference rules, without any use of empirical evidence and intuition. the rules of rigorous reasoning have been established by the ancient greek philosophers under the name of logic. logic is not specific to mathematics, but, in mathematics, the standard of rigor is much higher than elsewhere. for many centuries, logic, although used for mathematical proofs, belonged to philosophy and was not specifically studied by mathematicians. circa the end of the 19th century, several paradoxes made questionable the logical foundation of mathematics, and consequently the validity of the whole of mathematics. this has been called the foundational crisis of mathematics. some of these paradoxes consist of results that seem to contradict the common intuition, such as the possibility to construct valid non - euclidean geometries in which the parallel postulate is wrong, the weierstrass function that is continuous but nowhere differentiable, and the study by georg cantor of infinite sets, which led to consider several sizes of infinity ( infinite cardinals ). even more striking, russell ' s paradox shows that the phrase " the set of all sets " is self contradictory. several methods have been proposed to solve the problem by changing of logical framework, such as constructive mathematics and intuitionistic logic. roughly speaking, the first one consists of requiring that every existence theorem must provide an explicit example, and the second one excludes from mathematical reasoning the law of excluded middle and double negation elimination. these logics have less inference rules than classical logic. on the other hand classical logic was a first - order logic, which means roughly that quantifiers cannot be applied to infinite sets. this means
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics
we introduce a formulation of combined systems in orthodox non - relativistic quantum mechanics, mathematically equivalent to the usual one. for context and larger issues, see http : / / euclid. unh. edu / ~ jjohnson / axiomatics. html and http : / / arxiv. org / quant - ph / 0502124
arxiv:math-ph/0603084
a detector concept based on hybrid planar pixel - detector technology is under development for the clic vertex detector. it comprises fast, low - power and small - pitch readout asics implemented in 65 nm cmos technology ( clicpix ) coupled to ultra - thin sensors via low - mass interconnects. the power dissipation of the readout chips is reduced by means of power pulsing, allowing for a cooling system based on forced gas flow. in this paper the clic vertex - detector requirements are reviewed and the current status of r & d on sensors, readout and detector integration is presented.
arxiv:1312.5774
the fe - ni alloy is believed to be the main component of earth ' s core. yet, a comprehensive understanding of phase equilibria near the melting point of this alloy under core conditions is still lacking, leaving the effect of nickel inconclusive. using ab initio simulations, we computed gibbs free energy and phase diagram for liquid and solid solutions of the fe - ni alloy under conditions close to the inner core, considering inner - shell electron contributions and non - ideal mixing effects. the fe - ni phase diagram provides crucial insights for understanding previous experimental observations and crystallization simulations of the fe - ni alloy under core conditions. it also presents new scenarios for inner core structures, suggesting bcc - liquid coexistence at the inner core boundary and the possibility of multi - layer structures consisting of bcc - hcp composites within the inner core. our work clarifies nickel ' s substantial impact on the inner core structure, providing new constraints for the study of core ' s composition and formation.
arxiv:2503.21493
traditional fingerprint based localization techniques mainly rely on infrastructure support such as rfid, wi - fi or gps. they operate by war - driving the entire space which is both time - consuming and labor - intensive. in this paper, we present mloc, a novel infrastructure - free localization system to locate mobile users in a metro line. it does not rely on any wi - fi infrastructure, and does not need to war - drive the metro line. leveraging crowdsourcing, we collect accelerometer, magnetometer and barometer readings on smartphones, and analyze these sensor data to extract patterns. through advanced data manipulating techniques, we build the pattern map for the entire metro line, which can then be used for localization. we conduct field studies to demonstrate the accuracy, scalability, and robustness of m - loc. the results of our field studies in 3 metro lines with 55 stations show that m - loc achieves an accuracy of 93 % when travelling 3 stations, 98 % when travelling 5 stations.
arxiv:2003.10531
while deep learning has shown strong performance in musculoskeletal imaging, existing work has largely focused on pathologies where diagnosis is not a clinical challenge, leaving more difficult problems underexplored, such as detecting bankart lesions ( anterior - inferior glenoid labral tears ) on standard mris. diagnosing these lesions is challenging due to their subtle imaging features, often leading to reliance on invasive mri arthrograms ( mras ). this study introduces scopemri, the first publicly available, expert - annotated dataset for shoulder pathologies, and presents a deep learning ( dl ) framework for detecting bankart lesions on both standard mris and mras. scopemri includes 586 shoulder mris ( 335 standard, 251 mras ) from 558 patients who underwent arthroscopy. ground truth labels were derived from intraoperative findings, the gold standard for diagnosis. separate dl models for mras and standard mris were trained using a combination of cnns and transformers. predictions from sagittal, axial, and coronal views were ensembled to optimize performance. the models were evaluated on a 20 % hold - out test set ( 117 mris : 46 mras, 71 standard mris ). the models achieved an auc of 0. 91 and 0. 93, sensitivity of 83 % and 94 %, and specificity of 91 % and 86 % for standard mris and mras, respectively. notably, model performance on non - invasive standard mris matched or surpassed radiologists interpreting mras. external validation demonstrated initial generalizability across imaging protocols. this study demonstrates that dl models can achieve radiologist - level diagnostic performance on standard mris, reducing the need for invasive mras. by releasing scopemri and a modular codebase for training and evaluating deep learning models on 3d medical imaging data, we aim to accelerate research in musculoskeletal imaging and support the development of new datasets for clinically challenging diagnostic tasks.
arxiv:2504.20405
we present macroeconomic model that describes evolution of macroeconomic variables and macroeconomic waves on economic space. risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates on economic space. aggregation of economic variables like assets and investment, credits and loans of economic agents at point x define corresponding macroeconomic variables as functions of time t and coordinates x on economic space. evolution of macroeconomic variables is determined by economic and financial transactions between economic agents. such transactions can occur between economic agents with any coordinates x and y and that reflect non - local " action - at - a - distance " character of internal macroeconomic interactions. for instance, buy - sell transactions between points x and y on economic space define dynamics of assets at point x and investment at point y. aggregates of transactions between economic agents at point x and y on economic space define economic fields as functions of two coordinates. to describe dynamics of economic fields on economic space we derive hydrodynamic - like equations. for simple models of interactions between economic fields we derive hydrodynamic - like equations in a closed form and obtain wave equations for their perturbations. economic field waves propagate on economic space and their amplitudes can grow up as exponent in time and may disturb economic stability. diversities of macroeconomic and financial waves on economic space in simple models uncover importance of wave processes for macroeconomic modeling and forecasting.
arxiv:1702.02763
the fractional versions of graph theoretic - invariants multiply the range of applications in scheduling, assignment and operational research problems. in this paper, we introduce the fractional version of local metric dimension of graphs. the local resolving neighborhood $ l ( xy ) $ of an edge $ xy $ of a graph $ g $ is the set of those vertices in $ g $ which resolve the vertices $ x $ and $ y $. a function $ f : v ( g ) \ rightarrow [ 0, 1 ] $ is a local resolving function of $ g $ if $ f ( l ( xy ) ) \ geq1 $ for all edges $ xy $ in $ g $. the minimum value of $ f ( v ( g ) ) $ among all local resolving functions $ f $ of $ g $ is the fractional local metric dimension of $ g $. we study the properties and bounds of fractional local metric dimension of graphs and give some characterization results. we determine the fractional local metric dimension of strong and cartesian product of graphs.
arxiv:1810.02882
in this work, we tackle the problem of car license plate detection and recognition in natural scene images. we propose a unified deep neural network which can localize license plates and recognize the letters simultaneously in a single forward pass. the whole network can be trained end - to - end. in contrast to existing approaches which take license plate detection and recognition as two separate tasks and settle them step by step, our method jointly solves these two tasks by a single network. it not only avoids intermediate error accumulation, but also accelerates the processing speed. for performance evaluation, three datasets including images captured from various scenes under different conditions are tested. extensive experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach.
arxiv:1709.08828
i build a melting temperature database that contains approximately 10, 000 materials. based on the database, i build a machine learning model that predicts melting temperature in seconds. the model features graph neural network and residual neural network architecture. the root - mean - square errors of melting temperature are 90 and 160k for training and testing, respectively. the model is deployed online and is publicly available.
arxiv:2110.10748
we demonstrate a laparoscopic applicator probe and a method thereof for real - time en - face topographic mapping of near - surface heterogeneity for potential use in intraoperative margin assessment during minimally invasive oncological procedures. the probe fits in a 12mm port and houses at its maximum 128 copper - coated 750um fibers that form radially alternating illumination ( 70 fibers ) and detection ( 58 fibers ) channels. by simultaneously illuminating the 70 source channels of the probe that is in contact with a scattering medium and concurrently measuring the light diffusely propagated to the 58 detector channels, the presence of near - surface optical heterogeneities can be resolved in an en - face 9. 5mm field - of - view in real - time. visualization of a subsurface margin of strong attenuation contrast at a depth up to 3mm is demonstrated at one wavelength at a frame rate of 1. 25hz.
arxiv:1608.07815
sequence - to - sequence learning with neural networks has become the de facto standard for sequence prediction tasks. this approach typically models the local distribution over the next word with a powerful neural network that can condition on arbitrary context. while flexible and performant, these models often require large datasets for training and can fail spectacularly on benchmarks designed to test for compositional generalization. this work explores an alternative, hierarchical approach to sequence - to - sequence learning with quasi - synchronous grammars, where each node in the target tree is transduced by a node in the source tree. both the source and target trees are treated as latent and induced during training. we develop a neural parameterization of the grammar which enables parameter sharing over the combinatorial space of derivation rules without the need for manual feature engineering. we apply this latent neural grammar to various domains - - a diagnostic language navigation task designed to test for compositional generalization ( scan ), style transfer, and small - scale machine translation - - and find that it performs respectably compared to standard baselines.
arxiv:2109.01135
the famous burnside - schur theorem states that every primitive finite permutation group containing a regular cyclic subgroup is either 2 - transitive or isomorphic to a subgroup of a 1 - dimensional affine group of prime degree. it is known that this theorem can be expressed as a statement on schur rings over a finite cyclic group. generalizing the latters we introduce schur rings over a finite commutative ring and prove an analog of this statement for them. besides, the finite local commutative rings are characterized in the permutation group terms.
arxiv:math/0310373
the dark energy survey ( des ) is a project with the goal of building, installing and exploiting a new 74 ccd - camera at the blanco telescope, in order to study the nature of cosmic acceleration. it will cover 5000 square degrees of the southern hemisphere sky and will record the positions and shapes of 300 million galaxies up to redshift 1. 4. the survey will be completed using 525 nights during a 5 - year period starting in 2012. about o ( 1 tb ) of raw data will be produced every night, including science and calibration images. the des data management system has been designed for the processing, calibration and archiving of these data. it is being developed by collaborating des institutions, led by ncsa. in this contribution, we describe the basic functions of the system, what kind of scientific codes are involved and how the data challenge process works, to improve simultaneously the data management system algorithms and the science working group analysis codes.
arxiv:1109.6741
collisional avalanches are identified to be responsible for an 8 - fold increase of the initial loss rate of a large 87 - rb condensate. we show that the collisional opacity of an ultra - cold gas exhibits a critical value. when exceeded, losses due to inelastic collisions are substantially enhanced. under these circumstances, reaching the hydrodynamic regime in conventional bec experiments is highly questionable.
arxiv:cond-mat/0106373
the aim of this paper is twofold. on one hand we prove that the moreau ' s sweeping process driven by a uniformly prox - regular moving set with local bounded retraction has a unique solution provided that the coefficient of prox - regularity is larger than the size of any jump of the driving set. on the other hand we show how the case of local bounded retraction can be easily reduced to the $ 1 $ - lipschitz continuous case : indeed we first solve the lipschitz continuous case by means of the so called ` ` catching - up algorithm ", and we reduce the local bounded retraction case to the lipschitz one by using a reparametrization technique for functions with values in the family of prox - regular sets.
arxiv:2407.09354
interactive visualization and simulation of astrophysical phenomena help astronomers and enable digital planetariums and television documentaries to take their spectators on a journey into deep space to explore the astronomical wonders of our universe in 3d.
arxiv:1204.6132
we investigate a 1d disordered hamiltonian with a non analytical step - like dispersion relation whose level statistics is exactly described by semi - poisson statistics ( sp ). it is shown that this result is robust, namely, does not depend neither on the microscopic details of the potential nor on a magnetic flux but only on the type of non - analyticity. we also argue that a deterministic kicked rotator with a non - analytical step - like potential has the same spectral properties. semi - poisson statistics ( sp ), typical of pseudo - integrable billiards, has been frequently claimed to describe critical statistics, namely, the level statistics of a disordered system at the anderson transition ( at ). however we provide convincing evidence they are indeed different : each of them has its origin in a different type of classical singularities.
arxiv:cond-mat/0507272
recent studies have focused on facilitating perception and outdoor navigation for people with blindness or some form of vision loss. however, a significant portion of these studies is centered around treatment and vision rehabilitation, leaving some immediate needs, such as interaction with the surrounding objects or recognizing colors and fine patterns without tactile feedback. this study targets such needs and delivers a straightforward communication method using a wearable, unobtrusive device with the environment. we initially discuss the advantages and limitations of related works to draw out the best - fitting design concepts. then, we introduce the potential for emerging technologies such as radio - frequency identification. we present the design details and the experimental results of an assistive glove to allow people with vision disabilities to interact with the environment more efficiently. based on the collected data from 17 blind - folded healthy participants, the implemented system ' s success rate in identifying objects was about 96. 32 %. overall, 70 % of the users found the device very satisfactory.
arxiv:2212.11101
the propagation by continuous time quantum walks ( ctqws ) on one - dimensional lattices shows structures in the transition probabilities between different sites reminiscent of quantum carpets. for a system with periodic boundary conditions, we calculate the transition probabilities for a ctqw by diagonalizing the transfer matrix and by a bloch function ansatz. remarkably, the results obtained for the bloch function ansatz can be related to results from ( discrete ) generalized coined quantum walks. furthermore, we show that here the first revival time turns out to be larger than for quantum carpets.
arxiv:quant-ph/0502004
floquet modulation has been widely used in optical lattices for coherent control of quantum gases, in particular for synthesizing artificial gauge fields and simulating topological matters. however, such modulation induces heating which can overwhelm the signal of quantum dynamics in ultracold atoms. here we report that the thermal motion, instead of being a noise source, provides a new control knob in floquet - modulated superradiance lattices, which are momentum - space tight - binding lattices of collectively excited states of atoms. the doppler shifts combined with floquet modulation provide effective forces along arbitrary directions in a lattice in frequency and momentum dimensions. dynamic localization, dynamic delocalization and chiral edge currents can be simultaneously observed from a single transport spectrum of superradiance lattices in thermal atoms. our work paves a way for simulating floquet topological matters in room - temperature atoms and facilitates their applications in photonic devices.
arxiv:2212.04898
it is elaborated the complete classification of the possible types of the spherically symmetric global geometries for two types of electrically charged shells : ( 1 ) the charged shell as a single source of the gravitational field, when internal space - time is flat, and external space - time is the reissner - - nordstr \ " om metric ; ( 2 ) the neutralizing shell with an electric charge opposite to the charge of the internal source with the reissner - - nordstr \ " om metric and with the schwarzschild metric outside the shell.
arxiv:1404.2726
linear theory of the parametric beam instability or the self - amplification of parametric x - ray radiation ( pxr ) from relativistic electrons in a crystal is considered taking into account finite emittance of the electron beam and absorption of the radiation. it is shown that these factors change essentially the estimation of threshold parameters of the electron bunches for the coherent x - ray generation. the boundary conditions for the linear theory of the effect is analyzed in details and it is shown that the grazing incidence diffraction geometry is optimal for the growth of instability. numerical estimations of amplification and coherent photon yield in dependence on the electron current density are presented for the case of mm - thickness si crystal and 100 mev electrons. possible improvements of the experimental scheme for optimization of the coherent radiation intensity are discussed.
arxiv:1509.01489
qcd - based scaling arguments predict the predominance of longitudinal over transverse electroproduction of pions by terms $ \ propto q ^ 2 $. however, data from jlab, cornell and desy, covering a wide kinematical range $ 1 < q ^ 2 < 11 \, { \ rm gev } ^ 2 $ and $ 2 \, { \ rm gev } < w < 4 \, { \ rm gev } $, do not show this expected behavior. at the same time standard descriptions of pion - electroproduction on nucleons have given a very good description of the longitudinal components of the cross sections. however, these very same models have failed grossly in describing the transverse component. we discuss here a common solution to these two problems by considering the contributions of high - lying ( $ w > 2 $ gev ) nucleon resonances to pion production. the coupling strengths and form factors are obtained through hadron - parton duality. we show that an excellent description of data in a wide range of electron energies and four - momentum transfers can be obtained in such a model.
arxiv:1108.2997
we consider an effective action of a compact ( n - 1 ) - torus on a smooth 2n - manifold with isolated fixed points. we prove that under certain conditions the orbit space is a closed topological manifold. in particular, this holds for certain torus actions with disconnected stabilizers. there is a filtration of the orbit manifold by orbit dimensions. the subset of orbits of dimensions less than n - 1 has a specific topology which we axiomatize in the notion of a sponge. in many cases the original manifold can be recovered from its orbit manifold, the sponge, and the weights of tangent representations at fixed points.
arxiv:1802.08828
we investigate both analytically and by numerical simulation the relaxation of an overdamped brownian particle in a 1d multiwell potential. we show that the mean relaxation time from an injection point inside the well down to its bottom is dominated by statistically rare trajectories that sample the potential profile outside the well. as a consequence, also the hopping time between two degenerate wells can depend on the detailed multiwell structure of the entire potential. the nonlocal nature of the transitions between two states of a disordered landscape is important for the correct interpretation of the relaxation rates in complex chemical - physical systems, measured either through numerical simulations or experimental techniques.
arxiv:1702.02296
in this paper we consider the numerical approximation of systems of boussinesq - type to model surface wave propagation. some theoretical properties of these systems ( multi - symplectic and hamiltonian formulations, well - posedness and existence of solitary - wave solutions ) were previously analyzed by the authors in part i. as a second part of the study, considered here is the construction of geometric schemes for the numerical integration. by using the method of lines, the geometric properties, based on the multi - symplectic and hamiltonian structures, of different strategies for the spatial and time discretizations are discussed and illustrated.
arxiv:1905.06019
this paper mainly focus on the front - like entire solution of a classical nonlocal dispersal equation with ignition nonlinearity. especially, the dispersal kernel function $ j $ may not be symmetric here. the asymmetry of $ j $ has a great influence on the profile of the traveling waves and the sign of the wave speeds, which further makes the properties of the entire solution more diverse. we first investigate the asymptotic behavior of the traveling wave solutions since it plays an essential role in obtaining the front - like entire solution. due to the impact of $ f ' ( 0 ) = 0 $, we can no longer use the common method which mainly depending on ikehara theorem and bilateral laplace transform to study the asymptotic rates of the nondecreasing traveling wave and the nonincreasing one tending to 0, respectively, thus we adopt another method to investigate them. afterwards, we establish a new entire solution and obtain its qualitative properties by constructing proper supersolution and subsolution and by classifying the sign and size of the wave speeds.
arxiv:1701.06911
embedding nonlinear dynamical systems into artificial neural networks is a powerful new formalism for machine learning. by parameterizing ordinary differential equations ( odes ) as neural network layers, these neural odes are memory - efficient to train, process time - series naturally and incorporate knowledge of physical systems into deep learning models. however, the practical applications of neural odes are limited due to long inference times, because the outputs of the embedded ode layers are computed numerically with differential equation solvers that can be computationally demanding. here we show that mathematical model order reduction methods can be used for compressing and accelerating neural odes by accurately simulating the continuous nonlinear dynamics in low - dimensional subspaces. we implement our novel compression method by developing neural odes that integrate the necessary subspace - projection and interpolation operations as layers of the neural network. we validate our approach by comparing it to neuron pruning and svd - based weight truncation methods from the literature in image and time - series classification tasks. the methods are evaluated by acceleration versus accuracy when adjusting the level of compression. on this spectrum, we achieve a favourable balance over existing methods by using model order reduction when compressing a convolutional neural ode. in compressing a recurrent neural ode, svd - based weight truncation yields good performance. based on our results, our integration of model order reduction with neural odes can facilitate efficient, dynamical system - driven deep learning in resource - constrained applications.
arxiv:2105.14070
we present a static analysis technique for non - termination inference of logic programs. our framework relies on an extension of the subsumption test, where some specific argument positions can be instantiated while others are generalized. we give syntactic criteria to statically identify such argument positions from the text of a program. atomic left looping queries are generated bottom - up from selected subsets of the binary unfoldings of the program of interest. we propose a set of correct algorithms for automating the approach. then, non - termination inference is tailored to attempt proofs of optimality of left termination conditions computed by a termination inference tool. an experimental evaluation is reported. when termination and non - termination analysis produce complementary results for a logic procedure, then with respect to the leftmost selection rule and the language used to describe sets of atomic queries, each analysis is optimal and together, they induce a characterization of the operational behavior of the logic procedure.
arxiv:cs/0406041
we analyze the gribov problem for $ \ su ( n ) $ and $ \ u ( n ) $ yang - mills fields on $ d $ - dimensional tori, $ d = 2, 3, \ ldots $. we give an improved version of the axial gauge condition and find an infinite, discrete group $ \ cg ' = \ z ^ { dr } \ rtimes ( { \ z _ 2 } ^ { n - 1 } \ rtimes \ z _ 2 ) $, where $ r = n - 1 $ for $ \ gg = \ su ( n ) $ and $ r = n $ for $ \ gg = \ u ( n ) $, containing all gauge transformations compatible with that condition. this residual gauge group $ \ cg ' $ provides ( generically ) all gribov copies and allows to explicitly determine the space of gauge orbits which is an orbifold. our results apply to yang - mills gauge theories either in the lagrangian approach on $ d $ - dimensional space - time $ t ^ d $, or in the hamiltonian approach on $ ( d + 1 ) $ - dimensional space - time $ t ^ d \ times \ r $. using the latter, we argue that our results imply a non - trivial structure of all physical states in any yang - mills theory, especially if also matter fields are present.
arxiv:hep-th/9308115
let $ \ mathcal k $ be a flag kernel on a homogeneous nilpotent lie group $ g $. we prove that operators $ t $ of the form $ t ( f ) = f * \ mathcal k $ form an algebra under composition, and that such operators are bounded on $ l ^ { p } ( g ) $ for $ 1 < p < \ infty $.
arxiv:1108.0177
foot is a vital part of human, and lots of valuable information is embedded. plantar pressure is one of which contains this information and it describes human walking features. it is proved that once one has trouble with lower limb, the distribution of plantar pressure will change to some degree. plantar pressure can be converted into images according to some simple standards. in this paper, we take full advantage of these plantar pressure images for medical usage. we present n2rpp, a generative adversarial network ( gan ) based method to rebuild plantar pressure images of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency ( acld ) patients from low dimension features, which are extracted from an autoencoder. through the result of experiments, the extracted features are a useful representation to describe and rebuild plantar pressure images. according to n2rpp ' s results, we find out that there are several noteworthy differences between normal people and patients. this can provide doctors a rough direction of adjusting plantar pressure to a better distribution to reduce patients ' sore and pain during the rehabilitation treatment for acld.
arxiv:1805.02825
we prove that the two - dimensional schelling segregation model yields monochromatic regions of size exponential in the area of individuals ' neighborhoods, provided that the tolerance parameter is a constant strictly less than 1 / 2 but sufficiently close to it. our analysis makes use of a connection with the first - passage percolation model from the theory of stochastic processes.
arxiv:1511.02537
we calculate the qed and qcd radiative corrections to the charged lepton energy distributions in the dominant semileptonic decays of the top quark $ t \ to b w ^ + \ to b ( \ ell ^ + \ nu _ \ ell ) $ $ ( \ ell = e, \ mu, \ tau ) $ in the standard model ( sm ), and for the decay $ t \ to b h ^ + \ to b ( \ tau ^ + \ nu _ \ tau ) $ in an extension of the sm having a charged higgs boson $ h ^ \ pm $ with $ m _ { h ^ \ pm } < m _ t - m _ b $. the qcd corrections are calculated in the leading and next - to - leading logarithmic approximations, but the qed corrections are considered in the leading logarithmic approximation only. these corrections are numerically important for precisely testing the universality of the charged current weak interactions in $ t $ - quark decays. as the $ \ tau ^ + $ leptons arising from the decays $ w ^ + \ to \ tau ^ + \ nu _ \ tau $ and $ h ^ + \ to \ tau ^ + \ nu _ \ tau $ are predominantly left - and right - polarised, respectively, influencing the energy distributions of the decay products in the subsequent decays of the $ \ tau ^ + $, we work out the effect of the radiative corrections on such distributions in the dominant ( one - charged prong ) decay channels $ \ tau ^ + \ to \ pi ^ + \ bar { \ nu } _ \ tau, \ rho ^ + \ bar { \ nu } _ \ tau, a _ 1 ^ + \ bar { \ nu } _ \ tau $ and $ \ ell ^ + \ nu _ \ ell \ bar { \ nu } _ \ tau $. the inclusive $ \ pi ^ + $ energy spectra in the decay chains $ t \ to b ( w ^ +, h ^ + ) \ to b ( \ tau ^ + \ nu _ \ tau ) \ to b ( \ pi ^ + \ bar { \ nu } _ \ tau \ nu _ \ tau + x ) $ are calculated, which can help in searching for the induced $ h ^ \ pm $ effects at the tevatron and the lhc.
arxiv:0911.3027
the most usual formulation of the laws of thermodynamics turns out to be suitable for local or simple materials, while for non - local systems there are two different ways : either modify this usual formulation by introducing suitable extra fluxes or express the laws of thermodynamics in terms of internal powers directly, as we propose in this paper. the first choice is subject to the criticism that the vector fluxes must be introduced a posteriori in order to obtain the compatibility with the laws of thermodynamics. on the contrary, the formulation in terms of internal powers is more general, because it is a priori defined on the basis of the constitutive equations. besides it allows to highlight, without ambiguity, the contribution of the internal powers in the variation of the thermodynamic potentials. finally, in this paper, we consider some examples of non - local materials and derive the proper expressions of their internal powers from the power balance laws.
arxiv:1104.3000
using a recently developed piecewise flat method, numerical evolutions of the ricci flow are computed for a number of manifolds, using a number of different mesh types, and shown to converge to the expected smooth behaviour as the mesh resolution is increased. the manifolds were chosen to have varying degrees of homogeneity, and include nil and gowdy manifolds, a three - torus initially embedded in euclidean four - space, and a perturbation of a flat three - torus. the piecewise flat ricci flow of the first two are shown to converge to known smooth ricci flow solutions, with the remaining two flowing asymptotically to flat metrics.
arxiv:1806.00095
following the success of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th chime challenges we organize the 6th chime speech separation and recognition challenge ( chime - 6 ). the new challenge revisits the previous chime - 5 challenge and further considers the problem of distant multi - microphone conversational speech diarization and recognition in everyday home environments. speech material is the same as the previous chime - 5 recordings except for accurate array synchronization. the material was elicited using a dinner party scenario with efforts taken to capture data that is representative of natural conversational speech. this paper provides a baseline description of the chime - 6 challenge for both segmented multispeaker speech recognition ( track 1 ) and unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition ( track 2 ). of note, track 2 is the first challenge activity in the community to tackle an unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition scenario with a complete set of reproducible open source baselines providing speech enhancement, speaker diarization, and speech recognition modules.
arxiv:2004.09249
in this paper, we suggest that there are two different individual 2d cfts holographically dual to the kerr - newman black hole, coming from the corresponding two possible limits - - - the kerr / cft and reissner - nordstr \ " om / cft correspondences, namely there exist the kerr - newman / cfts dualities. a probe scalar field at low frequencies turns out can exhibit two different 2d conformal symmetries ( named by $ j $ - and $ q $ - pictures, respectively ) in its equation of motion when the associated parameters are suitably specified. these twofold dualities are supported by the matchings of entropies, absorption cross sections and real time correlators computed from both the gravity and the cft sides. our results lead to a fascinating " microscopic no hair conjecture " - - - for each macroscopic hair parameter, in additional to the mass of a black hole in the einstein - maxwell theory, there should exist an associated holographic cft $ _ 2 $ description.
arxiv:1006.4097
a triangulated category $ \ mathcal { c } $ with a canonical bott ' s isomorphism $ [ 2 ] \ xrightarrow { \ sim } id $ is called a cyclic category in this paper. we give a new notion of stability conditions on a $ k $ - linear krull - schmidt cyclic category. given such a stability condition $ \ sigma $, we can assign a maslov index to each basic loop in such a category. if all maslov indexes vanish, we get $ \ mathcal { c } ', \ sigma ' $ as the $ \ mathbb { z } $ - lifts of $ \ mathcal { c }, \ sigma $ respectively such that $ \ mathcal { c } ' $ is a $ \ mathbb { z } $ - graded triangulated category and $ \ sigma ' $ is a bridgeland stability condition on $ \ mathcal { c } ' $. moreover, we showed that there is an isomorphism $ $ stab ^ { 0, e } ( \ mathcal { c } ) \ xrightarrow { \ simeq } bstab ( \ mathcal { c } ' ) $ $ where $ stab ^ { 0, e } ( \ mathcal { c } ) $ denotes the equivalence classes of stability conditions which are deformation equivalent to $ \ sigma $, and $ bstab ( \ mathcal { c } ' ) $ denotes the space of bridgeland stability conditions on $ \ mathcal { c } ' $. we provide examples of stability conditions on a simple cyclic category. we also discuss some interesting phenomena in these examples, such as the chirality symmetry breaking phenomenon and nontrivial monodromy. the chirality symmetry breaking phenomenon involves stability conditions which can not be lifted to bridgeland stability conditions.
arxiv:2211.16939
understanding how individuals focus and perform visual searches during collaborative tasks can help improve user engagement. eye tracking measures provide informative cues for such understanding. this article presents a - disetrac, an advanced analytic dashboard for distributed eye tracking. it uses off - the - shelf eye trackers to monitor multiple users in parallel, compute both traditional and advanced gaze measures in real - time, and display them on an interactive dashboard. using two pilot studies, the system was evaluated in terms of user experience and utility, and compared with existing work. moreover, the system was used to study how advanced gaze measures such as ambient - focal coefficient k and real - time index of pupillary activity relate to collaborative behavior. it was observed that the time a group takes to complete a puzzle is related to the ambient visual scanning behavior quantified and groups that spent more time had more scanning behavior. user experience questionnaire results suggest that their dashboard provides a comparatively good user experience.
arxiv:2404.08143
entangling an unknown qubit with one type of reference state is generally impossible. however, entangling an unknown qubit with two types of reference states is possible. to achieve this, we introduce a new class of states called zero sum amplitude ( zsa ) multipartite, pure entangled states for qubits and study their salient features. using shared - zsa state, local operation and classical communication we give a protocol for creating multipartite entangled states of an unknown quantum state with two types of reference states at remote places. this provides a way of encoding an unknown pure qubit state into a multiqubit entangled state. we quantify the amount of classical and quantum resources required to create universal entangled states. this is possibly a strongest form of quantum bit hiding with multiparties.
arxiv:quant-ph/0101049