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research and development at the nanoscale requires a large degree of integration, from convergence of research disciplines in new fields of enquiry to new linkages between start - ups, regional actors and research facilities. based on the analysis of two clusters in nanotechnologies ( mesa + ( twente ) and other centres in the netherlands and minatec in grenoble in france ), the paper discusses the phenomenon of technological agglomeration : co - located scientific and technological fields associated to coordinated technology platforms to some extent actively shaped by institutional entrepreneurs. such co - location and coordination are probably a prerequisite for the emergence of strong nanoclusters
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arxiv:0911.2982
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we consider multi - parton collinear limits of qcd amplitudes at tree level. using the mhv formalism we specify the underlying analytic structure of the resulting multi - collinear splitting functions. we derive general results for these splitting functions that are valid for specific numbers of negative helicity partons and an arbitrary number of positive helicity partons ( or vice versa ).
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arxiv:hep-ph/0505219
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with our coupled jet - fluid model, we study the nuclear modifications of full jets and jet structures for single inclusive jets and $ \ gamma $ - jets in pb + pb collisions at $ 5. 02 $ ~ atev and $ 2. 76 $ ~ atev. the in - medium evolution of full jet shower is described by a set of coupled transport equations including the effects of collisional energy loss, transverse momentum broadening and medium - induced splitting process. the dynamical evolution of bulk medium is simulated by solving relativistic hydrodynamic equation with source term which accounts for the energy and momentum deposited by hard jet shower to soft medium. our study demonstrates that the hydrodynamic medium response to jet propagation significantly enhances the broadening of jet shape at large angles and is essential for the cone - size dependence of jet energy loss and nuclear modification factor of inclusive jet production. it is also found that the nuclear modification pattern of jet shape is sensitive to jet energy but has weak dependence on the flavor of the parton that initiates the jet. our result can naturally explain the different nuclear modification patterns of jet shape functions for single inclusive jet and $ \ gamma $ - jet events as observed by the cms collaboration, and can be tested in the future by measuring the jet shape function over a wider range of jet energies in heavy - ion collisions.
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arxiv:1906.09562
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vershik and kerov conjectured in 1985 that dimensions of irreducible representations of finite symmetric groups, after appropriate normalization, converge to a constant with respect to the plancherel family of measures on the space of young diagrams. the statement of the vershik - kerov conjecture can be seen as an analogue of the shannon - mcmillan - breiman theorem for the non - stationary markov process of the growth of a young diagram. the limiting constant is then interpreted as the entropy of the plancherel measure. the main result of the paper is the proof of the vershik - kerov conjecture. the argument is based on the methods of borodin, okounkov and olshanski.
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arxiv:1001.4275
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the explosive growth of information challenges people ' s capability in finding out items fitting to their own interests. recommender systems provide an efficient solution by automatically push possibly relevant items to users according to their past preferences. recommendation algorithms usually embody the causality from what having been collected to what should be recommended. in this article, we argue that in many cases, a user ' s interests are stable, and thus the previous and future preferences are highly consistent. the temporal order of collections then does not necessarily imply a causality relationship. we further propose a consistence - based algorithm that outperforms the state - of - the - art recommendation algorithms in disparate real data sets, including \ textit { netflix }, \ textit { movielens }, \ textit { amazon } and \ textit { rate your music }.
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arxiv:1501.03577
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suppose that $ ( z _ n ) _ { n \ geq0 } $ is a supercritical branching process in independent and identically distributed random environment. the right tail function of the scaled growth rate for $ ( z _ n ) _ { n \ geq0 } $ is studied. the upper bounds for $ \ displaystyle \ mathbb { p } \ left [ \ frac { \ log z _ n } { mn } - \ mu \ geq x \ right ] $ for any $ x \ geq3 $ are obtained, by applying an extension of the hoeffding type inequalities.
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arxiv:1912.11790
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multiple parallel attention mechanisms that use multiple attention heads facilitate greater performance of the transformer model for various applications e. g., neural machine translation ( nmt ), text classification. in multi - head attention mechanism, different heads attend to different parts of the input. however, the limitation is that multiple heads might attend to the same part of the input, resulting in multiple heads being redundant. thus, the model resources are under - utilized. one approach to avoid this is to prune least important heads based on certain importance score. in this work, we focus on designing a dynamic head importance computation mechanism ( dhicm ) to dynamically calculate the importance of a head with respect to the input. our insight is to design an additional attention layer together with multi - head attention, and utilize the outputs of the multi - head attention along with the input, to compute the importance for each head. additionally, we add an extra loss function to prevent the model from assigning same score to all heads, to identify more important heads and improvise performance. we analyzed performance of dhicm for nmt with different languages. experiments on different datasets show that dhicm outperforms traditional transformer - based approach by large margin, especially, when less training data is available.
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arxiv:2108.01377
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modern data integration systems need to process large amounts of data from a variety of data sources and with real - time integration constraints. they are not only employed in enterprises for managing internal data but are also used for a variety of web services that use techniques such as entity resolution or data cleaning in live systems. in this work, we discuss a new generation of data integration systems that operate on ( un - ) structured data in an online setting, i. e., systems which process continuously modified datasets upon which the integration task is based. we use as an example of such a system an online event integration system called storypivot. it observes events extracted from news articles in data sources such as the ' guardian ' or the ' washington post ' which are integrated to show users the evolution of real - world stories over time. the design decisions for storypivot are influenced by the trade - off between maintaining high quality integration results while at the same time building a system that processes and integrates events in near real - time. we evaluate our design decisions with experiments on two real - world datasets and generalize our findings to other data integration tasks that have a similar system setup.
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arxiv:1610.07732
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we studied the decay psi ( 2s ) to gamma eta _ c ( 2s ) with 25. 9 million psi ( 2s ) events collected with the cleo - c detector. no psi ( 2s ) to gamma eta _ c ( 2s ) decays were observed in any of the eleven exclusive eta _ c ( 2s ) decay modes studied. the product branching fraction upper limits were determined for all modes. the 90 % confidence level upper limit of branching fraction of psi ( 2s ) to gamma eta _ c ( 2s ) was obtained.
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arxiv:0909.2812
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the m - theory origin of the iib gauged supergravities in nine dimensions, classified according to the inequivalent classes of monodromy, is shown to exactly corresponds to the global description of the supermembrane with central charges. the global description is a realization of the sculpting mechanism of gauging ( arxiv : 1107. 3255 ) and it is associated to particular deformation of fibrations. the supermembrane with central charges may be formulated in terms of sections on symplectic torus bundles with sl ( 2, z ) monodromy. this global formulation corresponds to the gauging of the abelian subgroups of sl ( 2, z ) associated to monodromies acting on the target torus. we show the existence of the trombone symmetry in the supermembrane formulated as a non - linear realization of the sl ( 2, z ) symmetry and construct its gauging in terms of the supermembrane formulated on an inequivalent class of symplectic torus fibration. the supermembrane also exhibits invariance under t - duality and we find the explicit t - duality transformation. it has a natural interpretation in terms of the cohomology of the base manifold and the homology of the target torus. we conjecture that this construction also holds for the iia origin of gauged supergravities in 9d such that the supermembrane becomes the origin of all type ii supergravities in 9d. the geometric structure of the symplectic torus bundle goes beyond the classification on conjugated classes of sl ( 2, z ). it depends on the elements of the coinvariant group associated to the monodromy group. the possible values of the ( p, q ) charges on a given symplectic torus bundle are restricted to the corresponding equivalence class defining the element of the coinvariant group.
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arxiv:1203.2767
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the purpose of this paper is to prove pointwise inequalities and to establish the boundedness on weighted $ l ^ { p } $ spaces for pseudo - differential operators $ t _ { a } $ defined by the symbol $ a \ in s ^ { m } _ { \ varrho, \ delta } $ with $ 0 \ leq \ varrho \ leq1, $ $ 0 \ leq \ delta < 1 $. firstly, we prove that if $ m \ leq - n ( 1 - \ varrho ) / 2 $, then $ $ ( t _ { a } u ) ^ { \ sharp } ( x ) \ lesssim m ( | u | ^ { 2 } ) ^ { 1 / 2 } ( x ) $ $ for all $ x \ in \ mathbb { r } ^ { n } $ and all schwartz function $ u $. secondly, it is shown that if $ 1 \ leq r \ leq2 $ and $ m \ leq - \ frac { n } { r } ( 1 - \ varrho ) $, then for any $ \ omega $ belongs to the class of muckenhoupt weights $ a _ { p / r } $ with $ r < p < \ infty $, these operators are bounded on $ l ^ { p } _ \ omega $. moreover, these results are sharp on the bound of $ m $.
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arxiv:2206.09825
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the statistical analysis of the soon to come planck satellite cmb data will help set tighter bounds on major cosmological parameters. on the way, a number of practical difficulties need to be tackled, notably that several other astrophysical sources emit radiation in the frequency range of cmb observations. some level of residual contributions, most significantly in the galactic region and at the locations of strong radio point sources will unavoidably contaminate the estimated spherical cmb map. masking out these regions is common practice but the gaps in the data need proper handling. in order to restore the stationarity of a partly incomplete cmb map and thus lower the impact of the gaps on non - local statistical tests, we developed an inpainting algorithm on the sphere based on a sparse representation of the data, to fill in and interpolate across the masked regions.
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arxiv:0804.1295
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isolating ground - based interferometric gravitational wave observatories from environmental disturbances is one of the great challenges of the advanced detector era. in order to directly observe gravitational waves, the detector components and test masses must be highly inertially decoupled from the ground motion not only to sense the faint strain of space - time induced by gravitational waves, but also to maintain the resonance of the very sensitive 4 km interferometers. this article presents the seismic isolation instrumentation and strategy developed for advanced ligo interferometers. it reviews over a decade of research on active isolation in the context of gravitational wave detection, and presents the performance recently achieved with the advanced ligo observatory. lastly, it discusses prospects for future developments in active seismic isolation and the anticipated benefits to astrophysical gravitational wave searches. beyond gravitational wave research, the goal of this article is to provide detailed isolation strategy guidelines for sensitive ground - based physics experiments that may benefit from similar levels of inertial isolation.
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arxiv:1502.06300
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emphasizes the use of collagen, chitin, keratin, and elastin. the ' hard ' phases are often strengthened by crystalline minerals, which nucleate and grow in a bio - mediated environment that determines the size, shape and distribution of individual crystals. the most important mineral phases have been identified as hydroxyapatite, silica, and aragonite. using the classification of wegst and ashby, the principal mechanical characteristics and structures of biological ceramics, polymer composites, elastomers, and cellular materials have been presented. selected systems in each class are being investigated with emphasis on the relationship between their microstructure over a range of length scales and their mechanical response. thus, the crystallization of inorganic materials in nature generally occurs at ambient temperature and pressure. yet the vital organisms through which these minerals form are capable of consistently producing extremely precise and complex structures. understanding the processes in which living organisms control the growth of crystalline minerals such as silica could lead to significant advances in the field of materials science, and open the door to novel synthesis techniques for nanoscale composite materials, or nanocomposites. high - resolution scanning electron microscope ( sem ) observations were performed of the microstructure of the mother - of - pearl ( or nacre ) portion of the abalone shell. those shells exhibit the highest mechanical strength and fracture toughness of any non - metallic substance known. the nacre from the shell of the abalone has become one of the more intensively studied biological structures in materials science. clearly visible in these images are the neatly stacked ( or ordered ) mineral tiles separated by thin organic sheets along with a macrostructure of larger periodic growth bands which collectively form what scientists are currently referring to as a hierarchical composite structure. ( the term hierarchy simply implies that there are a range of structural features which exist over a wide range of length scales ). future developments reside in the synthesis of bio - inspired materials through processing methods and strategies that are characteristic of biological systems. these involve nanoscale self - assembly of the components and the development of hierarchical structures. = = see also = = = = references = = = = external links = = the american ceramic society ceramic tile institute of america
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_engineering
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we study the existence of positive viscosity solutions to trudinger ' s equation for cylindrical domains $ \ omega \ times [ 0, t ) $, where $ \ omega \ subset \ mathbb { r } ^ n, \ ; n \ ge 2, $ is a bounded domain, $ t > 0 $ and $ 2 \ leq p < \ infty $. we show existence for general domains $ \ omega, $ when $ n < p < \ infty $. for $ 2 \ leq p \ leq n $, we prove existence for domains $ \ omega $ that satisfy a uniform outer ball condition. we achieve this by constructing suitable sub - solutions and super - solutions and applying perron ' s method.
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arxiv:1501.05585
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we study the light scalar sector up to $ 1. 8 $ gev by using a quantum field theoretical approach which includes a single kaonic state in a lagrangian with both derivative and non - derivative interactions. by performing a fit to $ \ pi k $ phase shift data in the $ i = 1 / 2, $ $ j = 0 $ channel, we show that $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 800 ) $ ( or $ \ kappa $ ) emerges as a dynamically generated companion pole of $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 1430 ) $. this is a result of investigating quantum fluctuations with one kaon and one pion circulating in the loops dressing $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 1430 ) $. we determine the position of the poles on the complex plane in the context of our approach : for $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 1430 ) $ we get $ ( 1. 413 \ pm0. 002 ) - i { 0. 02cm } ( 0. 127 \ pm0. 003 ) $ ( in gev ), while for $ \ kappa $ we get $ ( 0. 746 \ pm0. 019 ) - i { 0. 02cm } ( 0. 262 \ pm0. 014 ) $ ( in gev ). the model - dependence of these results and related uncertainties are discussed in the paper. a large - $ n _ { c } $ study confirms that $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 1430 ) $ is predominantly a quarkonium and that $ k _ { 0 } ^ { \ ast } ( 800 ) $ is a molecular - like dynamically generated state.
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arxiv:1512.01071
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various notions of condition numbers are used to study some sensitivity aspects of scalar optimization problems. the aim of this paper is to introduce a notion of condition number to study the case of a multiobjective optimization problem defined via m convex c ^ 1, 1 objective functions on a given closed ball in r ^ n. two approaches are proposed : the first one adopts a local point of view around a given solution point, whereas the second one considers the solution set as a whole. a comparison between the two notions of well - conditioned problem is developed. we underline that both the condition numbers introduced in the present work reduce to the same of condition number proposed by zolezzi in 2003, in the special case of the scalar optimization problem considered there. a pseudodistance between functions is defined such that the condition number provides an upper bound on how far from a well - conditioned function f a perturbed function g can be chosen in order that g is well - conditioned too. for both the local and the global approach an extension of classical eckart - young distance theorem is proved, even if only a special class of perturbations is considered.
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arxiv:1201.5795
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in the present paper the adjoint action of the unitriangular group in the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra is studied. we set up general conjectures on the construction of the field of invariants and the structure of orbits of maximal dimension. the conjecture is proved for parabolic subalgebras of special types.
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arxiv:1203.2754
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we show that if $ a $ is a unital $ c ^ * $ - algebra and $ b $ is a cuntz - krieger algebra for which $ a \ otimes \ mathbb { k } \ cong b \ otimes \ mathbb { k } $, then $ a $ is a cuntz - krieger algebra. consequently, corners of cuntz - krieger algebras are cuntz - krieger algebras.
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arxiv:1209.4336
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in order to better manage the premiums and encourage safe driving, many commercial insurance companies ( e. g., geico, progressive ) are providing options for their customers to install sensors on their vehicles which collect individual vehicle ' s traveling data. the driver ' s insurance is linked to his / her driving behavior. at the other end, through analyzing the historical traveling data from a large number of vehicles, the insurance company could build a classifier to predict a new driver ' s driving style : aggressive or defensive. however, collection of such vehicle traveling data explicitly breaches the drivers ' personal privacy. to tackle such privacy concerns, this paper presents a privacy - preserving driving style recognition technique to securely predict aggressive and defensive drivers for the insurance company without compromising the privacy of all the participating parties. the insurance company cannot learn any private information from the vehicles, and vice - versa. finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the privacy - preserving driving style recognition technique are validated with experimental results.
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arxiv:1511.00329
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unforced shoaling waves experience growth and changes to wave shape. similarly, wind - forced waves on a flat - bottom likewise experience growth / decay and changes to wave shape. however, the combined effect of shoaling and wind - forcing on wave shape, particularly relevant in the near - shore environment, has not yet been investigated theoretically. here, we consider small - amplitude, shallow - water solitary waves propagating up a gentle, planar bathymetry forced by a weak, jeffreys - type wind - induced surface pressure. we derive a variable - coefficient korteweg - de vries - burgers ( vkdv - b ) equation governing the wave profile ' s evolution and solve it numerically using a runge - kutta third - order finite difference solver. the simulations run until convective prebreaking - - a froude number limit appropriate to the order of the vkdv - b equation. offshore winds weakly enhance the ratio of prebreaking height to depth as well as prebreaking wave slope. onshore winds have a strong impact on narrowing the wave peak, and wind also modulates the rear shelf formed behind the wave. furthermore, wind strongly affects the width of the prebreaking zone, with larger effects for smaller beach slopes. after converting our pressure magnitudes to physically realistic wind speeds, we observe qualitative agreement with prior laboratory and numerical experiments on breakpoint location. additionally, our numerical results have qualitatively similar temporal wave shape to shoaling and wind - forced laboratory observations, suggesting that the vkdv - b equation captures the essential aspects of wind - induced effects on shoaling wave shape. finally, we isolate the wind ' s effect by comparing the wave profiles to the unforced case. this reveals that the numerical results are approximately a superposition of a solitary wave, a shoaling - induced shelf, and a wind - induced, bound, dispersive, and decaying tail.
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arxiv:2110.05519
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controlling domain wall motion is important due to the impact on the viability of proposed nanowire devices. one hurdle is slow domain wall speed when driven by fields greater than the walker field, due to nucleation of vortices in the wall. we present simulation results detailing the dynamics of these vortices ; including the nucleation and subsequent fast ejection of the vortex core leading to fast domain wall speeds. the ejection is due to the reversal of the core moments by an out - of - plane field. the technique can be used to produce domain walls of known orientation independent of the initial state.
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arxiv:0806.1205
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gaia data release 3 ( dr3 ) provides extensive information on the astrophysical properties of stars, such as effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and luminosity, for over 470 million objects. however, as gaia ' s stellar parameters in gsp - phot module are derived through model - dependent methods and indirect measurements, it can lead to additional systematic errors in the derived parameters. in this study, we compare gsp - phot effective temperature estimates with two high - resolution and high signal - to - noise spectroscopic catalogues : apogee dr17 and galah dr3, aiming to assess the reliability of gaia ' s temperatures. we introduce an approach to distinguish good - quality gaia dr3 effective temperatures using machine - learning methods such as xgboost, catboost and lightgbm. the models create quality flags, which can help one to distinguish good - quality gsp - phot effective temperatures. we test our models on three independent datasets, including pastel, a compilation of spectroscopically derived stellar parameters from different high - resolution studies. the results of the test suggest that with these models it is possible to filter effective temperatures as accurate as 250 k with ~ 90 per cent precision even in complex regions, such as the galactic plane. consequently, the models developed herein offer a valuable quality assessment tool for gsp - phot effective temperatures in gaia dr3. consequently, the developed models offer a valuable quality assessment tool for gsp - phot effective temperatures in gaia dr3. the dataset with flags for all gsp - phot effective temperature estimates, is publicly available, as are the models themselves.
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arxiv:2310.15671
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in this paper we prove the existence of positive solutions of the following singular quasilinear schr \ " { o } dinger equations at critical growth \ begin { eqnarray * } - \ delta u - \ lambda c ( x ) u - \ kappa \ alpha ( \ delta ( | u | ^ { 2 \ alpha } ) ) | u | ^ { 2 \ alpha - 2 } u = | u | ^ { q - 2 } u + | u | ^ { 2 ^ * - 2 } u, \ quad u \ in { d ^ { 1, 2 } ( \ mathbb { r } } ^ n ), \ end { eqnarray * } via variational methods, where $ \ lambda \ geq0 $, $ 0 < \ alpha < 1 / 2 $, $ 2 < q < 2 ^ * $. it is interesting that we do not need to add a weight function to control $ | u | ^ { q - 2 } u $.
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arxiv:1709.07375
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let $ g $ be a bipartite graph without loops and multiple edges on $ v \ ge 4 $ vertices, which can be drawn on the plane such that any edge intersects at most one other edge. we prove that such graph has at most $ 3v - 8 $ edges for even $ v \ ne 6 $ and at most $ 3v - 9 $ edges for odd $ v $ and $ v = 6 $. for all $ v \ ge 4 $ examples showing that these bounds are tight are constructed. in the end of paper we discuss a question about drawings of complete bipartite graphs on the plane such that any edge intersects at most one other edge. { \ sc keywords : } topological graphs, planar graphs, bipartite graphs.
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arxiv:1307.1013
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this paper investigates how to apply non - orthogonal multiple access ( noma ) as an add - on in terahertz ( thz ) networks. in particular, prior to the implementation of noma, it is assumed that there exists a legacy thz system, where spatial beams have already been configured to serve legacy primary users. the aim of this paper is to study how these pre - configured spatial beams can be used as a type of bandwidth resources, on which additional secondary users are served without degrading the performance of the legacy primary users. a joint beam management and power allocation problem is first formulated as a mixed combinatorial non - convex optimization problem, and then solved by two methods with different performance - complexity tradeoffs, one based on the branch and bound method and the other based on successive convex approximation. both analytical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the new features of beam - based resource allocation in thz - noma networks and also demonstrate that those pre - configured spatial beams can be employed to improve the system throughput and connectivity in a spectrally efficient manner.
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arxiv:2205.12938
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there is an abundance of literature on complex networks describing a variety of relationships among units in social, biological, and technological systems. such networks, consisting of interconnected nodes, are often self - organized, naturally emerging without any overarching designs on topological structure yet enabling efficient interactions among nodes. here we show that the number of nodes and the density of connections in such self - organized networks exhibit a power law relationship. we examined the size and connection density of 47 self - organizing networks of various biological, social, and technological origins, and found that the size - density relationship follows a fractal relationship spanning over 6 orders of magnitude. this finding indicates that there is an optimal connection density in self - organized networks following fractal scaling regardless of their sizes.
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arxiv:1011.1228
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based on the horizon - scale magnetofluid model developed in [ arxiv : 2309. 13304 ], we investigate the millimeter - wave images of a geometrically thick accretion disk or a funnel wall, i. e., the magnetofluid that encloses the base of the jet region, around a kerr black hole. by employing the numerical method to solve the null geodesic and radiative transfer equations, we obtain the optical appearances at various observational angles and frequencies, generated by the thermal synchrotron radiation within the magnetofluid. for the thick disk, we specifically examine the impact of emission anisotropy on images, concluding that anisotropic synchrotron radiation could play an important role in the observability of the photon ring. for the funnel wall, we find that both the outflow and inflow funnel walls exhibit annular structures on the imaging plane. the outflow funnel wall yields a brighter primary image than the photon ring, whereas the inflow one does not. based on our investigation, the inflow funnel wall model can not be ruled out by current observations of m87 *.
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arxiv:2401.14794
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the compounds a $ _ 2 $ cu $ _ 3 $ o ( so $ _ 4 $ ) $ _ 3 $ ( a = na, k ) are characterized by copper hexamers which are weakly coupled to realize antiferromagnetic order below tn = 3 k. they constitute novel quantum spin systems with s = 1 triplet ground - states. we investigated the energy - level splittings of the copper hexamers by inelastic neutron scattering experiments covering the entire range of the magnetic excitation spectra. the observed transitions are governed by very unusual selection rules which we ascribe to the underlying spin - coupling topology. this is rationalized by model calculations which allow an unambiguous interpretation of the magnetic excitations concerning both the peak assignments and the nature of the spin - coupling parameters.
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arxiv:2006.01593
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a recent ab initio investigation of na - c binary compounds under moderate pressures has uncovered a possible stable nac $ _ 4 $ superconductor with an estimated critical temperature up to 41k. we revisit this promising binary system by performing a more focused exploration of na - intercalated graphite configurations, assessing the sensitivity of their thermodynamic stability to density functional approximations at different ( t, p ) conditions, and examining their superconducting properties with the anisotropic migdal - eliashberg formalism. the combinatorial screening of possible na arrangements reveals additional stable stoichiometries, i. e., na $ _ 3 $ c $ _ { 10 } $, nac $ _ 8 $, nac $ _ { 10 } $, and nac $ _ { 12 } $, that redefine the previously proposed convex hulls for pressures up to 10 gpa. the evaluation of formation enthalpies with different van der waals functionals indicates that the proposed compounds might not be thermodynamically stable at zero temperature but some of them could stabilize due to the vibrational entropy or form via cold compression if graphite is used as a starting material. our more rigorous modeling of the electron - phonon coupling in nac $ _ 4 $ confirms the material ' s potential for high - temperature superconductivity, with a critical temperature reaching 48 k at 10 gpa, and reveals a well - defined two - gap structure unusual for an electron - doped compound. by tracking the position of the intercalant nearly free electron states with respect to the fermi level in viable na - c compounds, we map out the range of pressures and compositions needed for strong electron - phonon coupling and identify na $ _ 3 $ c $ _ { 10 } $ as an equally promising superconductor.
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arxiv:2407.16056
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solid - state devices made from correlated oxides such as perovskite nickelates are promising for neuromorphic computing by mimicking biological synaptic function. however, comprehending dopant action at the nanoscale poses a formidable challenge to understanding the elementary mechanisms involved. here, we perform operando infrared nanoimaging of hydrogen - doped correlated perovskite, neodymium nickel oxide ( h - ndnio3 ) devices and reveal how an applied field perturbs dopant distribution at the nanoscale. this perturbation leads to stripe phases of varying conductivity perpendicular to the applied field, which define the macroscale electrical characteristics of the devices. hyperspectral nano - ftir imaging in conjunction with density functional theory calculations unveil a real - space map of multiple vibrational states of h - nno associated with oh stretching modes and their dependence on the dopant concentration. moreover, the localization of excess charges induces an out - of - plane lattice expansion in nno which was confirmed by in - situ - x - ray diffraction and creates a strain that acts as a barrier against further diffusion. our results and the techniques presented here hold great potential to the rapidly growing field of memristors and neuromorphic devices wherein nanoscale ion motion is fundamentally responsible for function.
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arxiv:2309.04486
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the order and disorder of binary representations of the natural numbers < 2 ^ 8 is measured using the bientropy function. significant differences are detected between the primes and the non primes. the bientropic prime density is shown to be quadratic with a very small gaussian distributed error. the work is repeated in binary using a monte carlo simulation for a sample of the natural numbers < 2 ^ 32 and in trinary for all natural numbers < 3 ^ 9 with similar but cubic results. we find a significant relationship between bientropy and trientropy such that we can discriminate between the primes and numbers divisible by six. we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of these results and show how they generalise to give a tight bound on the variance of pi ( x ) - li ( x ) for all x. this bound is much tighter than the bound given by von koch in 1901 as an equivalence for proof of the riemann hypothesis. since the primes are gaussian due to a simple induction on the binary derivative, this implies that the twin primes conjecture is true. we also provide absolutely convergent asymptotes for the numbers of fermat and mersenne primes in the appendices.
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arxiv:1912.08051
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we develop a brst symmetric gaugeon formalism for the abelian rank - 2 antisymmetric tensor field in the lorentz breaking framework. the lorentz breaking is achieved here by considering a proper subgroup of lorentz group together with translation. in this scenario, the gaugeon fields together with the standard fields of the abelian rank - 2 antisymmetric tensor theory get mass. in order to develop the gaugeon formulation for this theory in vsr, we first introduce a set of dipole vector fields as a quantum gauge freedom to the action. in order to quantize the dipole vector fields, the vsr - modified gauge - fixing and corresponding ghost action are constructed as the classical action is invariant under a vsr - modified gauge transformation. further, we present a type i gaugeon formalism for the abelian rank - 2 antisymmetric tensor field theory in vsr. the gauge structures of fock space constructed with the help of brst charges are also discussed.
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arxiv:1906.03188
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we consider some compact non - selfadjoint perturbations of fibered one - dimensional discrete schr \ " odinger operators. we show that the perturbed operator exhibits finite discrete spectrum under suitable \ - regularity conditions.
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arxiv:2002.09590
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we review the prequantization procedure in the context of super symplectic manifolds with a symplectic form which is not necessarily homogeneous. in developing the theory of non homogeneous symplectic forms, there is one surprising result : the poisson algebra no longer is the set of smooth functions on the manifold, but a subset of functions with values in a super vector space of dimension 1 | 1. we show that this has no notable consequences for results concerning coadjoint orbits, momentum maps, and central extensions. another surprising result is that prequantization in terms of complex line bundles and prequantization in terms of principal circle bundles no longer are equivalent if the symplectic form is not even.
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arxiv:math-ph/0306049
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games are complex, multi - faceted systems that share common elements and underlying narratives, such as the conflict between a hero and a big bad enemy or pursuing a goal that requires overcoming challenges. however, identifying and describing these elements together is non - trivial as they might differ in certain properties and how players might encounter the narratives. likewise, generating narratives also pose difficulties when encoding, interpreting, and evaluating them. to address this, we present tropetwist, a trope - based system that can describe narrative structures in games in a more abstract and generic level, allowing the definition of games ' narrative structures and their generation using interconnected tropes, called narrative graphs. to demonstrate the system, we represent the narrative structure of three different games. we use map - elites to generate and evaluate novel quality - diverse narrative graphs encoded as graph grammars, using these three hand - made narrative structures as targets. both hand - made and generated narrative graphs are evaluated based on their coherence and interestingness, which are improved through evolution.
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arxiv:2204.09672
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we prove two theorems which allow one to recognize indecomposable subcontinua of closed surfaces without boundary. if $ x $ is a subcontinuum of a closed surface $ s $, we call the components of $ s \ setminus x $ the complementary domains of $ x $. we prove that a continuum is either indecomposable or the union of two indecomposable continua whenever it has a sequence of distinct complementary domains whose boundaries limit to the continuum in the hausdorff metric. we define a slightly stronger condition on the complementary domains of a continuum, called the double - pass condition, which we conjecture is equivalent to indecomposability of the continuum. we prove that this is so for continua which are not the boundary of one of their complementary domains.
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arxiv:0806.4009
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the global existence of weak solutions to a class of quasilinear parabolic equations with nonlinearities depending on first order terms and integrable data in a moving domain is investigated. the class includes the $ p $ - laplace equation as a special case. weak solutions are shown to be global by obtaining appropriate estimates on the gradient as well as a suitable version of aubin - lions lemma in moving domains.
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arxiv:2003.00064
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we consider optimal control of an unknown multi - agent linear quadratic ( lq ) system where the dynamics and the cost are coupled across the agents through the mean - field ( i. e., empirical mean ) of the states and controls. directly using single - agent lq learning algorithms in such models results in regret which increases polynomially with the number of agents. we propose a new thompson sampling based learning algorithm which exploits the structure of the system model and show that the expected bayesian regret of our proposed algorithm for a system with agents of $ | m | $ different types at time horizon $ t $ is $ \ tilde { \ mathcal { o } } \ big ( | m | ^ { 1. 5 } \ sqrt { t } \ big ) $ irrespective of the total number of agents, where the $ \ tilde { \ mathcal { o } } $ notation hides logarithmic factors in $ t $. we present detailed numerical experiments to illustrate the salient features of the proposed algorithm.
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arxiv:2011.04686
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in this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of performing automatic technology computer - aided - design ( tcad ) parameter calibration using machine learning, verified with experimental data. the machine only needs to be trained by tcad data. schottky barrier diode ( sbd ) fabricated with emerging ultra - wide - bandgap material, gallium oxide ( ga $ _ 2 $ o $ _ 3 $ ), is measured and its current - voltage ( iv ) is used for ga $ _ 2 $ o $ _ 3 $ philips unified mobility ( phumob ) model parameters, effective anode workfunction, and ambient temperature extraction ( 7 parameters ). a machine comprised of an autoencoder ( ae ) and a neural network ( nn ) ( ae - nn ) is used. ga $ _ 2 $ o $ _ 3 $ phumob parameters are extracted from the noisy experimental curves. tcad simulation with the extracted parameters shows that the quality of the parameters is as good as an expert ' s calibration at the pre - turned - on regime but not in the on - state regime. by using a simple physics - informed neural network ( pinn ) ( ae - pinn ), the machine performs as well as the human expert in all regimes.
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arxiv:2504.02283
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recently, the variability ratio ( vr ) effect size statistic has been used with increasing frequency in the study of differences in variation of a measured variable between two study populations. more specifically, the vr effect size statistic allows for the detection of treatment effect heterogeneity ( teh ) of medical interventions. while a vr that is different from 1 is widely acknowledged to implicate a treatment effect heterogeneity ( teh ) the exact relationship between those two quantities has not been discussed in detail thus far. in this note we derive a precise connection between teh and vr. in particular, we derive precise upper and lower bounds on the teh in terms of vr. moreover, we provide an exemplary simulation for which vr is equal to 1 and there exist teh. our result has implications for the interpretation of vr effect size estimates regarding its connection to treatment effect heterogeneity of ( medical ) interventions.
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arxiv:2006.11848
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axionlike particles ( alps ) are a common prediction of theories beyond the standard model of particle physics that could explain the entirety of the cold dark matter. these particles could be detected through their mixing with photons in external electromagnetic fields. here, we provide a short review over alp searches that utilize astrophysical $ \ gamma $ - ray observations. we summarize current bounds as well as future sensitivities and discuss the possibility that alps alter the $ \ gamma $ - ray opacity of the universe.
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arxiv:1611.07784
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one of the defining characteristic of human being is their ability to walk upright. loss or restriction of such ability whether due to the accident, spine problem, stroke or other neurological injuries can cause tremendous stress on the patients and hence will contribute negatively to their quality of life. modern research shows that physical exercise is very important for maintaining physical fitness and adopting a healthier life style. in modern days treadmill is widely used for physical exercises and training which enables the user to set up an exercise regime that can be adhered to irrespective of the weather conditions. among the users of treadmills today are medical facilities such as hospitals, rehabilitation centres, medical and physiotherapy clinics etc. the process of assisted training or doing rehabilitation exercise through treadmill is referred to as treadmill therapy. a modern treadmill is an automated machine having built in functions and predefined features. most of the treadmills used today are one dimensional and user can only walk in one direction. this paper presents the idea of using omnidirectional treadmills which will be more appealing to the patients as they can walk in any direction, hence encouraging them to do exercises more frequently. this paper proposes a fuzzy control design and possible implementation strategy to assist patients in treadmill therapy. by intelligently controlling the safety belt attached to the treadmill user, one can help them steering left, right or in any direction. the use of intelligent treadmill therapy can help patients to improve their walking ability without being continuously supervised by the specialists. the patients can walk freely within a limited space and the support system will provide continuous evaluation of their position and can adjust the control parameters of treadmill accordingly to provide best possible assistance.
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arxiv:1401.7249
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the property of almost every point being a lebesgue point has proven to be crucial for the consistency of several classification algorithms based on nearest neighbors. we characterize lebesgue points in terms of a 1 - nearest neighbor regression algorithm for pointwise estimation, fleshing out the role played by tie - breaking rules in the corresponding convergence problem. we then give an application of our results, proving the convergence of the risk of a large class of 1 - nearest neighbor classification algorithms in general metric spaces where almost every point is a lebesgue point.
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arxiv:2007.03937
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most of existing statistical theories on deep neural networks have sample complexities cursed by the data dimension and therefore cannot well explain the empirical success of deep learning on high - dimensional data. to bridge this gap, we propose to exploit low - dimensional geometric structures of the real world data sets. we establish theoretical guarantees of convolutional residual networks ( convresnet ) in terms of function approximation and statistical estimation for binary classification. specifically, given the data lying on a $ d $ - dimensional manifold isometrically embedded in $ \ mathbb { r } ^ d $, we prove that if the network architecture is properly chosen, convresnets can ( 1 ) approximate besov functions on manifolds with arbitrary accuracy, and ( 2 ) learn a classifier by minimizing the empirical logistic risk, which gives an excess risk in the order of $ n ^ { - \ frac { s } { 2s + 2 ( s \ vee d ) } } $, where $ s $ is a smoothness parameter. this implies that the sample complexity depends on the intrinsic dimension $ d $, instead of the data dimension $ d $. our results demonstrate that convresnets are adaptive to low - dimensional structures of data sets.
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arxiv:2109.02832
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magnetic x - ray diffraction combined with x - ray focusing optics is used to image individual antiferromagnetic spin density wave domains in a chromium single crystal at the micron scale. the cross section for non - resonant magnetic x - ray scattering depends on the antiferromagnetic modulation vector and spin polarization direction and allows these quantities to be extracted independently. the technique is used to show that the broadening of the nominally first order " spin - flip " transition at 123 k, at which the spins rotate by 90 deg., originates at the walls between domains with orthogonal modulation vectors. during cooling the transition begins at these walls and progresses inwards. the modulation - vector domains are themselves unchanged.
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arxiv:0705.4636
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we obtain dispersion relations of magnetic field fluctuations for two crossings of the terrestrial foreshock by cluster spacecraft. these crossings cover plasma conditions which differ significantly in their plasma $ \ beta $ but not in the properties of the encountered ion population, both showing shell - like distribution function. dispersion relations are reconstructed using two - point instantaneous wave number estimations from pairs of cluster spacecraft. the accessible range of wave vectors, limited by the available spacecraft separations, extends to $ \ approx \! 2 \ times 10 ^ 4 $ km. results show multiple branches of dispersion relation, associated with different power of magnetic field fluctuations. we find that sunward propagating fast magnetosonic waves and beam resonant modes are dominant for the high plasma $ \ beta $ interval, while the dispersions of magnetically dominated interval include alfv \ ' { e } n and fast magnetosonic modes propagating sunward and unit - sunward.
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arxiv:1601.08054
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goal - conditioned robotic grasping in cluttered environments remains a challenging problem due to occlusions caused by surrounding objects, which prevent direct access to the target object. a promising solution to mitigate this issue is combining pushing and grasping policies, enabling active rearrangement of the scene to facilitate target retrieval. however, existing methods often overlook the rich geometric structures inherent in such tasks, thus limiting their effectiveness in complex, heavily cluttered scenarios. to address this, we propose the equivariant push - grasp network, a novel framework for joint pushing and grasping policy learning. our contributions are twofold : ( 1 ) leveraging se ( 2 ) - equivariance to improve both pushing and grasping performance and ( 2 ) a grasp score optimization - based training strategy that simplifies the joint learning process. experimental results show that our method improves grasp success rates by 49 % in simulation and by 35 % in real - world scenarios compared to strong baselines, representing a significant advancement in push - grasp policy learning.
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arxiv:2504.03053
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in this paper, we consider multi - objective optimization problems with a sparsity constraint on the vector of variables. for this class of problems, inspired by the homonymous necessary optimality condition for sparse single - objective optimization, we define the concept of l - stationarity and we analyze its relationships with other existing conditions and pareto optimality concepts. we then propose two novel algorithmic approaches : the first one is an iterative hard thresholding method aiming to find a single l - stationary solution, while the second one is a two - stage algorithm designed to construct an approximation of the whole pareto front. both methods are characterized by theoretical properties of convergence to points satisfying necessary conditions for pareto optimality. moreover, we report numerical results establishing the practical effectiveness of the proposed methodologies.
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arxiv:2304.02369
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we completely determine the $ \ tau $ - tilting finiteness of borel - schur algebras. to achieve this, we use two recently introduced techniques in silting theory : sign decomposition as introduced by aoki, higashitani, iyama, kase and mizuno [ arxiv : 2203. 15213 ], and symmetry of silting quivers as investigated by aihara and the author [ arxiv : 2205. 00472 ]. besides, we explore some new properties for both borel - schur algebra and sign decomposition.
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arxiv:2310.00358
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in this paper we study a nonlinear size - structured population model with distributed delay in the recruitment. the delayed problem is reduced into an abstract initial value problem of an ordinary differential equation in the banach space by using the delay semigroup techniques. the local existence and uniqueness of solution as well as the continuous dependence on initial conditions are obtained by using the general theory of quasi - linear evolution equations in nonreflexive banach spaces, while the global existence of solution is obtained by the estimates of the solution and the extension theorem.
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arxiv:1404.3269
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the maximal $ u ( 1 ) _ l $ supersymmetric inverse seesaw mechanism ( m $ l $ sis ) provides a natural way to relate asymmetric dark matter ( adm ) with neutrino physics. in this paper we point out that, m $ l $ sis is a natural outcome if one dynamically realizes the inverse seesaw mechanism in the next - to minimal supersymmetric standard model ( nmssm ) via the dimension - five operator $ ( n ) ^ 2s ^ 2 / m _ * $, with $ s $ the nmssm singlet developing tev scale vev ; it slightly violates lepton number due to the suppression by the fundamental scale $ m _ * $, thus preserving $ u ( 1 ) _ l $ maximally. the resulting sneutrino is a distinguishable adm candidate, oscillating and favored to have weak scale mass. a fairly large annihilating cross section of such a heavy adm is available due to the presence of singlet.
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arxiv:1102.5644
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we attempt to fit observations with 5 " resolution of the j = 2 - 1 transition of cs in the directions of h ii regions a, b, and g of w49a north as well as observations with 20 " resolution of the j = 2 - 1, 3 - 2, 5 - 4, and 7 - 6 transitions in the directions of h ii regions a and g by using radiative transfer calculations. these calculations predict the intensity profiles resulting from several spherical clouds along the line of sight. we consider three models : global collapse of a very large ( 5 pc radius ) cloud, localized collapse from smaller ( 1 pc ) clouds around individual h ii regions, and multiple, static clouds. for all three models we can find combinations of parameters that reproduce the cs profiles reasonably well provided that the component clouds have a core - envelope structure with a temperature gradient. cores with high temperature and high molecular hydrogen density are needed to match the higher transitions ( e. g. j = 7 - 6 ) observed towards a and g. the lower temperature, low density gas needed to create the inverse p - cygni profile seen in the cs j = 2 - 1 line ( with 5 " beam ) towards h ii region g arises from different components in the 3 models. the infalling envelope of cloud g plus cloud b creates the absorption in global collapse, cloud b is responsible in local collapse, and a separate cloud, g ', is needed in the case of many static clouds. the exact nature of the velocity field in the envelopes for the case of local collapse is not important as long as it is in the range of 1 to 5 km / s for a turbulent velocity of about 6 km / s. high resolution observations of the j = 1 - 0 and 5 - 4 transitions of cs and c34s may distinguish between these three models. modeling existing observations of hco + and c18o does not allow one to distinguish between the three models but does indicate the existence of a bipolar outflow.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0405085
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let $ n $ be an integer and $ s $ be a real number such that $ n > 2s \ geq 2 $. inspired by the perturbation approach initiated by f. hang and p. yang ( \ textit { int. math. res. not. imrn }, 2020 ), we are interested in non - negative, smooth solution $ v $ to the following higher - order fractional equation \ [ { \ mathbf p } _ n ^ { 2s } ( v ) = q _ n ^ { 2s } ( \ varepsilon v + v ^ \ alpha ) \ ] on $ \ mathbf s ^ n $ with $ 0 < \ alpha \ leq ( n + 2s ) / ( n - 2s ) $, and $ \ varepsilon \ geq 0 $. here $ { \ mathbf p } _ n ^ { 2s } $ is the fractional gjms type operator of order $ 2s $ on $ \ mathbf s ^ n $ and $ q _ n ^ { 2s } = { \ mathbf p } _ n ^ { 2s } ( 1 ) $ is constant. we show that if $ \ varepsilon > 0 $ and $ 0 < \ alpha \ leq ( n + 2s ) / ( n - 2s ) $, then any positive, smooth solution $ v $ to the above equation must be constant. the same result remains valid if $ \ varepsilon = 0 $ but with $ 0 < \ alpha < ( n + 2s ) / ( n - 2s ) $. as a by - product, with $ 0 < \ alpha \ leq ( n + 2s ) / ( n - 2s ) $, we compute the sharp constant of the subcritical / critical sobolev inequalities \ [ \ int _ { \ mathbf s ^ n } v { \ mathbf p } _ n ^ { 2s } ( v ) d \ mu _ { g _ { \ mathbf s ^ n } } \ geq \ frac { \ gamma ( n / 2 + s ) } { \ gamma ( n / 2 - s ) } | \ mathbf s ^ n | ^ \ frac { \ alpha - 1 } { \ alpha + 1 } \ big ( \ int _ { \ mathbf s ^ n } v ^ { \ alpha + 1 } d \ mu _ { g
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arxiv:2305.07249
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in analogy with the 290 - theorem of bhargava - hanke, a criterion set is a finite subset $ c $ of the totally positive integers in a given totally real number field such that if a quadratic form represents all elements of $ c $, then it necessarily represents all totally positive integers, i. e., is universal. we use a novel characterization of minimal criterion sets to show that they always exist and are unique, and that they must contain certain explicit elements. we also extend the uniqueness result to the more general setting of representations of a given subset of the integers.
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arxiv:2410.22507
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on the basis of graded rtt formalism, the defining relation of the super - yangian y ( gl ( 1 | 1 ) ) is derived and its oscillator realization is constructed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9612016
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geometric singular perturbation theory ( gspt ) and conley index theory are two powerful techniques to analyze dynamical systems. conley already realized that using his index is easier for singular perturbation problems. in this paper, we will revisit conley ' s results and prove that the gspt technique of fenichel normal form can be used to simplify the application of conley index techniques even further. we also hope that our results provide a better bridge between the different fields. furthermore we show how to interpret conley ' s conditions in terms of averaging. the result are illustrated by the two - dimensional van der pol equation and by a three - dimensional morris - lecar model.
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arxiv:1201.6083
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gender bias is rampant in ai systems, causing bad user experience, injustices, and mental harm to women. school curricula fail to educate ai creators on this topic, leaving them unprepared to mitigate gender bias in ai. in this paper, we designed hands - on tutorials to raise ai creators ' awareness of gender bias in ai and enhance their knowledge of sources of gender bias and debiasing techniques. the tutorials were evaluated with 18 ai creators, including ai researchers, ai industrial practitioners ( i. e., developers and product managers ), and students who had learned ai. their improved awareness and knowledge demonstrated the effectiveness of our tutorials, which have the potential to complement the insufficient ai gender bias education in cs / ai courses. based on the findings, we synthesize design implications and a rubric to guide future research, education, and design efforts.
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arxiv:2309.08121
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we describe all almost contact metric, almost hermitian and $ g _ 2 $ - structures admitting a connection with totally skew - symmetric torsion tensor, and prove that there exists at most one such connection. we investigate its torsion form, its ricci tensor, the dirac operator and the $ \ nabla $ - parallel spinors. in particular, we obtain solutions of the type ii string in dimension $ n = 5, 6 $ and 7.
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arxiv:math/0102142
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in recent years, the field of gravitational wave astronomy has flourished. with the advent of more sophisticated ground - based detectors and space - based observatories, it is anticipated that gravitational wave events will be detected at a much higher rate in the near future. one of the future data analysis challenges is performing robust statistical inference in the presence of detector noise transients or non - stationarities, as well as in the presence of stochastic gravitational wave signals of possible astrophysical and / or cosmological origin. the incomplete knowledge of the total noise of the observatory can introduce challenges in parameter estimation of detected sources. in this work, we propose a heavy - tailed, hyperbolic likelihood, based on the generalized hyperbolic distribution. with the hyperbolic likelihood we obtain a robust data analysis framework against data outliers, noise non - stationarities, and possible inaccurate modeling of the noise power spectral density. we apply this methodology to examples drawn from gravitational wave astronomy, and in particular to synthetic data sets from the planned lisa mission.
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arxiv:2305.04709
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we demonstrate one - and two - photon diffraction and interference experiments utilizing parametric down - converted photon pairs ( biphotons ) and a transmission grating. with two - photon detection, the biphoton exhibits a diffraction - interference pattern equivalent to that of an effective single particle that is associated with half the wavelength of the constituent photons. with one - photon detection, however no diffraction - interference pattern is observed. we show that these phenomena originate from the spatial quantum correlation between the down - converted photons.
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arxiv:quant-ph/0210142
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is non - universal and $ \ gamma _ e $ is the euler constant. the correlation function shows a faster decay at $ q = 1 $, corresponding to fermion operators in the dual picture, which should be visible in bragg scattering experiments.
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arxiv:1304.4612
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audio - driven talking video generation has advanced significantly, but existing methods often depend on video - to - video translation techniques and traditional generative networks like gans and they typically generate taking heads and co - speech gestures separately, leading to less coherent outputs. furthermore, the gestures produced by these methods often appear overly smooth or subdued, lacking in diversity, and many gesture - centric approaches do not integrate talking head generation. to address these limitations, we introduce diffted, a new approach for one - shot audio - driven ted - style talking video generation from a single image. specifically, we leverage a diffusion model to generate sequences of keypoints for a thin - plate spline motion model, precisely controlling the avatar ' s animation while ensuring temporally coherent and diverse gestures. this innovative approach utilizes classifier - free guidance, empowering the gestures to flow naturally with the audio input without relying on pre - trained classifiers. experiments demonstrate that diffted generates temporally coherent talking videos with diverse co - speech gestures.
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arxiv:2409.07649
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we study the slow - roll single field inflation in the context of the consistent $ d \ to4 $ einstein - gauss - bonnet gravity that was recently proposed in \ cite { aoki : 2020lig }. in addition to the standard attractor regime, we find a new attractor regime which we call the gauss - bonnet attractor as the dominant contribution comes from the gauss - bonnet term. around this attractor solution, we find power spectra and spectral tilts for the curvature perturbations and gravitational waves ( gws ) and also a model - independent consistency relation among observable quantities. the gauss - bonnet term provides a nonlinear $ k ^ 4 $ term to the gws dispersion relation which has the same order as the standard linear $ k ^ 2 $ term at the time of horizon crossing around the gauss - bonnet attractor. the gauss - bonnet attractor regime thus provides a new scenario for the primordial gws which can be tested by observations. finally, we study non - gaussianity of gws in this model and estimate the nonlinear parameters $ f ^ { s _ 1s _ 2s _ 3 } _ { \ rm nl, \ ; sq } $ and $ f ^ { s _ 1s _ 2s _ 3 } _ { \ rm nl, \ ; eq } $ by fitting the computed gws bispectra with the local - type and equilateral - type templates respectively at the squeezed limit and at the equilateral shape. for helicities $ ( + + + ) $ and $ ( - - ) $, $ f ^ { s _ 1s _ 2s _ 3 } _ { \ rm nl, \ ; sq } $ is larger while $ f ^ { s _ 1s _ 2s _ 3 } _ { \ rm nl, \ ; eq } $ is larger for helicities $ ( + + - ) $ and $ ( - - + ) $.
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arxiv:2010.03973
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we study a solution to the einstein field equations on an eight - dimensional pseudo - riemannian manifold ( a spacetime of four space dimensions and four time dimensions ) that exhibits inflation of three of the four space dimensions and deflation of three of the four time dimensions. hubble parameters $ ( \ mathbb { h } _ 4, \ mathbb { h } _ 8 ) $ exist for each of the unscaled dimensions $ ( \ textrm { time } x ^ 4, \ textrm { space } x ^ 8 ) $. the scale factor for the three ordinary space dimensions $ ( x ^ 1, x ^ 2, x ^ 3 ) $ is $ a = a ( x ^ 4, x ^ 8 ) $, and during inflation is functionally a product of exponentials $ a = e ^ { \ mathbb { h } _ 4 \, x ^ 4 \, / \, c } \ ; e ^ { \ mathbb { h } _ 8 \, x ^ 8 \, / \, c } $ of each hubble parameter times its respective unscaled coordinate ( $ c $ is the physical speed of gravitational waves in vacuum in the observed universe ). we investigate the conjecture that every particle / field in our universe is carried along the $ x ^ 8 $ - axis in the same way that it is carried along the $ x ^ 4 $ - axis, that is, in a manner that is independent of its energy, and with no freedom to change either its rate of passage along the $ x ^ 8 $ - axis or its location within the $ x ^ 8 $ - dimension. the evolution of the particle / field through the unscaled dimensions $ ( x ^ 4, x ^ 8 ) \ in \ mathbb { r } ^ { 1, 1 } $ in our universe is entrapped and entrained by geometry. we employ a line element of the form $ { ds } ^ 2 = - | g _ { 4 \, 4 } | \ ; { ( c _ 4 \, d x ^ 4 ) } ^ 2 + g _ { 8 \, 8 } \ ; { ( d x ^ 8 ) } ^ 2 \ ; + \ ;... $ to define a physical time $ t = x ^ 0 $ through the relation % $ | g _ { t \, t } | \ ; { ( c \, d t ) } ^ 2 = | g _ { 4 \, 4 } | \ ; { (
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arxiv:1304.0433
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spreadsheet engineering methodologies are diverse and sometimes contradictory. it is difficult for spreadsheet developers to identify a spreadsheet engineering methodology that is appropriate for their class of spreadsheet, with its unique combination of goals, type of problem, and available time and resources. there is a lack of well - organized, proven methodologies with known costs and benefits for well - defined spreadsheet classes. it is difficult to compare and critically evaluate methodologies. we present a paradigm for organizing and interpreting spreadsheet engineering recommendations. it systematically addresses the myriad choices made when developing a spreadsheet, and explicitly considers resource constraints and other development parameters. this paradigm provides a framework for evaluation, comparison, and selection of methodologies, and a list of essential elements for developers or codifiers of new methodologies. this paradigm identifies gaps in our knowledge that merit further research.
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arxiv:0802.3919
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in this paper, we search for conditions that the mass matrix of light neutrinos $ m _ { \ nu } $ is not a result of large cancellations for the type - i seesaw mechanism with four - zero texture. for the yukawa matrix of neutrinos $ y _ { \ nu } $ and heavy majorana mass matrix $ m _ { r } $, these conditions are written as $ ( y _ { \ nu } ) _ { i2 } \ propto ( m _ { \ nu } ) _ { i2 } \, \ rightarrow \, ( y _ { \ nu } ) _ { i2 } \ propto ( m _ { r } ) _ { i2 } $. we call them { \ it alignment } conditions because they align the certain rows or columns of the three neutrino mass matrices. if these conditions do not hold, the large mixing in $ m _ { \ nu } $ is a result of fine - tuning due to the cancellation of several terms. then they are required from a viewpoint of naturalness. they give an explanation of the seesaw - invariance of four - zero texture, and place rough restrictions on flavor structures of neutrinos. under these conditions, $ y _ { \ nu } $ must have a cascade hierarchy. for $ m _ { r } $, the 12 submatrix has a similar hierarchy as $ y _ { \ nu } $ and $ m _ { \ nu } $. however, the 23 submatrix has a waterfall hierarchy without some fine - tuning. therefore, it is likely that $ y _ { \ nu } $ and $ m _ { r } $ have qualitatively different flavor structures. furthermore, since the conditions restrict cp phases of the matrix elements, they imply existence of a universal generalized cp symmetry in the neutrino sector.
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arxiv:2110.10907
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this paper presents an approach to ensure conditions on variable impedance controllers through the off - line tuning of the parameters involved in its description. in particular, we prove its application to term modulations defined by a learning from demonstration technique. this is performed through the assessment of conditions regarding safety and performance, which encompass heuristics and constraints in the form of linear matrix inequalities. latter ones allow to define a convex optimisation problem to analyse their fulfilment, and require a polytopic description of the vic, in this case, obtained from its formulation as a discrete - time linear parameter varying system. with respect to the current state - of - art, this approach only limits the term definition obtained by the learning from demonstration technique to be continuous and function of exogenous signals, i. e. external variables to the robot. therefore, using a solution - search method, the most suitable set of parameters according to assessment criteria can be obtained. using a 7 - dof kinova gen3 manipulator, validation and comparison against solutions with relaxed conditions are performed. the method is applied to generate variable impedance controllers for a pulley belt looping task, inspired by the assembly challenge for industrial robotics in world robot summit 2018, to reduce the exerted force with respect to a standard ( constant ) impedance controller. additionally, method agility is evaluated on the generation of controllers for one - off modifications of the nominal belt looping task setup without new demonstrations.
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arxiv:2209.10244
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in this paper, we prove several results on the finiteness of local cohomology of polynomial and formal power series rings. in particular, we give a partial affirmative answer for a question of l. n \ ' { u } \ ~ { n } ez - betancourt in [ j. algebra 399 ( 2014 ), 770 - - 781 ].
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arxiv:1507.02363
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axino arises in supersymmetric versions of axion models and is a natural candidate for cold or warm dark matter. here we revisit axino dark matter produced thermally and non - thermally in light of recent developments. first we discuss the definition of axino relative to low energy axion one for several ksvz and dfsz models of the axion. then we review and refine the computation of the dominant qcd production in order to avoid unphysical cross - sections and, depending on the model, to include production via su ( 2 ) and u ( 1 ) interactions and yukawa couplings.
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arxiv:1108.2282
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we study quantum chromodynamics in the chiral large $ n _ c $ limit which contains a left - handed weyl fermion in the fundamental representation, a left - handed weyl fermion in the two index antisymmetric representation and $ ( n _ c - 3 ) $ left - handed weyl fermions in the antifundamental representation of the $ su ( n _ c ) $ gauge group. we construct gauge singlet composite operators and study their masses and correlation functions at large $ n _ c $. it is shown that all hadron masses scale as $ \ sim n _ c ^ 0 n _ q $ where $ n _ q $ is the number of constituent quarks in the hadron. in addition by simple gluon exchange considerations it is seen that scattering amplitudes between hadrons have the same $ n _ c $ scaling as the mass of the lightest hadron involved. this is the case provided the hadrons in the scattering amplitude share a sufficiently large number of constituent quarks. the chiral large $ n _ c $ extension also allows for other non - trivial processes. for instance we consider two different baryonium states that are unique to this extension and that decay via emissions of two - and three - quark hadrons. also other non - trivial scattering processes are considered. finally, we study composites made of a mix of left - and right - handed fields. we categorize multiple groups of hadrons within the full spectrum according to their flavor structure. within these groups all $ n $ - point functions scale the same.
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arxiv:2404.12947
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it has recently been shown how to break so ( 10 ) down to the standard model in a realistic way with only one adjoint higgs. the expectation value of this adjoint must point in the b - l direction. this has consequences for the possible form of the quark and lepton mass matrices. these consequences are explored in this paper, and it is found that one is naturally led to consider a particular form for the masses of the heavier generations. this form implies typically that there should be large ( nearly maximal ) mixing of the mu - and tau - neutrinos. an explanation that does not involve large tan beta also emerges for the fact that b and tau are light compared to the top quark.
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arxiv:hep-ph/9712488
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amplitudes in open topological string theory may be described completely by certain a - infinity - categories. we detail a general construction of all cyclic minimal models for a given a - infinity - algebra and apply this result to the case of n = 2 supersymmetric landau - ginzburg models. this allows to solve the tree - level theory in the sense that all amplitudes and hence the effective superpotential can be computed algorithmically. furthermore, the construction provides a novel derivation of the topological metric of such models.
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arxiv:0904.0862
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we study the dynamics of a class of endomorphisms of a ^ n which restricts, when n = 1, to the class of unicritical polynomials. over the complex numbers, we obtain lower bounds on the sum of lyapunov exponents, and a statement which generalizes the compactness of the mandelbrot set. over the algebraic numbers, we obtain estimates on the critical height, and over general algebraically closed fields we obtain some rigidity results for post - critically finite morphisms of this form.
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arxiv:2006.15365
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software engineering considers performance evaluation to be one of the key portions of software quality assurance. unfortunately, there seems to be a lack of standard methodologies for performance evaluation even in the scope of experimental computer science. inspired by the concept of " instantiation " in object - oriented programming, we distinguish the generic performance evaluation logic from the distributed and ad - hoc relevant studies, and develop an abstract evaluation methodology ( by analogy of " class " ) we name domain knowledge - driven methodology ( doknowme ). by replacing five predefined domain - specific knowledge artefacts, doknowme could be instantiated into specific methodologies ( by analogy of " object " ) to guide evaluators in performance evaluation of different software and even computing systems. we also propose a generic validation framework with four indicators ( i. e. ~ usefulness, feasibility, effectiveness and repeatability ), and use it to validate doknowme in the cloud services evaluation domain. given the positive and promising validation result, we plan to integrate more common evaluation strategies to improve doknowme and further focus on the performance evaluation of cloud autoscaler systems.
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arxiv:1708.01419
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we study the problem of learning the structure of an optimal bayesian network when additional constraints are posed on the network or on its moralized graph. more precisely, we consider the constraint that the network or its moralized graph are close, in terms of vertex or edge deletions, to a sparse graph class $ \ pi $. for example, we show that learning an optimal network whose moralized graph has vertex deletion distance at most $ k $ from a graph with maximum degree 1 can be computed in polynomial time when $ k $ is constant. this extends previous work that gave an algorithm with such a running time for the vertex deletion distance to edgeless graphs [ korhonen & parviainen, nips 2015 ]. we then show that further extensions or improvements are presumably impossible. for example, we show that learning optimal networks where the network or its moralized graph have maximum degree $ 2 $ or connected components of size at most $ c $, $ c \ ge 3 $, is np - hard. finally, we show that learning an optimal network with at most $ k $ edges in the moralized graph presumably has no $ f ( k ) \ cdot | i | ^ { o ( 1 ) } $ - time algorithm and that, in contrast, an optimal network with at most $ k $ arcs can be computed in $ 2 ^ { o ( k ) } \ cdot | i | ^ { o ( 1 ) } $ time where $ | i | $ is the total input size.
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arxiv:2004.14724
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interstellar neutral atoms provide a remote diagnostic of plasma in the outer heliosheath and the very local interstellar medium via charge exchange collisions that convert ions into atoms and vice versa. so far, most studies of interstellar atoms assumed that daughter hydrogen atoms directly inherit the kinetic properties of parent protons. this assumption neglects angular scattering of the interacting particles. however, for low relative velocities, as expected for charge exchanges in the outer heliosheath, this scattering is significant. in this study, we present how the parameters of daughter populations depend on the relative velocity and temperatures of parent populations. for this purpose, we numerically compute collision terms with and without this scattering. we find that the secondary population of interstellar hydrogen atoms, for the parent populations with the relative bulk velocity of 20 km s $ ^ { - 1 } $ and equal temperatures of 7500 k, has ~ 2 km s $ ^ { - 1 } $ higher bulk velocity if the scattering is taken into account. additionally, temperatures are higher by ~ 2400 k and ~ 1200 k in parallel and perpendicular direction to the relative motion of parent populations, respectively. moreover, a significant departure of secondary atoms from the maxwell - boltzmann distribution is expected for high relative velocities of parent populations. this process affects the distribution and density of interstellar atoms in the heliosphere and production of pickup ions. thus, we show that angular scattering in charge exchange collisions is important to include in analyses of interstellar neutral atoms and pickup ions observed at 1 au and in the outer heliosphere.
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arxiv:1911.10230
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science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. the field of science education includes work in science content, science process ( the scientific method ), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. the standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their k - 12 education and beyond. the traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences. = = historical background = = the first person credited with being employed as a science teacher in a british public school was william sharp, who left the job at rugby school in 1850 after establishing science to the curriculum. sharp is said to have established a model for science to be taught throughout the british public school system. the british association for the advancement of science ( baas ) published a report in 1867 calling for the teaching of " pure science " and training of the " scientific habit of mind. " the progressive education movement supported the ideology of mental training through the sciences. baas emphasized separate pre - professional training in secondary science education. in this way, future baas members could be prepared. the initial development of science teaching was slowed by the lack of qualified teachers. one key development was the founding of the first london school board in 1870, which discussed the school curriculum ; another was the initiation of courses to supply the country with trained science teachers. in both cases the influence of thomas henry huxley. john tyndall was also influential in the teaching of physical science. in the united states, science education was a scatter of subjects prior to its standardization in the 1890s. the development of a science curriculum emerged gradually after extended debate between two ideologies, citizen science and pre - professional training. as a result of a conference of thirty leading secondary and college educators in florida, the national education association appointed a committee of ten in 1892, which had authority to organize future meetings and appoint subject matter committees of the major subjects taught in secondary schools. the committee was composed of ten educators and chaired by charles eliot of harvard university. the committee of ten appointed nine conferences committees : latin ; greek ; english ; other modern languages ; mathematics ; history ; civil government and political economy ; physics, astronomy, and chemistry ; natural history ; and geography. each committee was composed of ten leading specialists from colleges, normal schools, and secondary schools. committee reports were submitted to the committee of ten, which met for four days in new york city, to create a comprehensive report.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_education
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we introduce poincar \ ' e type inequalities based on rearrangement invariant spaces in the setting of metric measure spaces and analyze when they imply the doubling condition on the underline measure.
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arxiv:2305.12873
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a macroscopic energy barrier is a necessary condition for self - correcting quantum memory. in this paper, we prove tight bounds on the energy barrier applicable to any quantum code obtained from the hypergraph product of two classical codes. if the underlying classical codes are low - density parity - check codes ( ldpc ), the energy barrier of the quantum code is shown to be the minimum energy barrier of the underlying classical codes ( and their transposes ) up to an additive $ o ( 1 ) $ constant.
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arxiv:2407.20526
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we present a theorical investigation of the optical transmission of a dielectric grating carved in a tungsten layer. for appropriate wavelengths tungsten shows indeed a dielectric behaviour. our numerical simulations leads to theoretical results similar to those found with metallic systems studied in earlier works. the interpretation of our results rests on the idea that the transmission is correlated with the resonant response of eigenmodes coupled to evanescent diffraction orders.
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arxiv:physics/0301068
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a key feature of the classical fluctuation dissipation theorem is its ability to approximate the average response of a dynamical system to a sufficiently small external perturbation from an appropriate time correlation function of the unperturbed dynamics of this system. in the present work, we examine the situation where the state of a nonlinear dynamical system is perturbed by a finitely large, instantaneous external perturbation ( jump ) - - for example, the earth climate perturbed by an extinction level event. such jump can be either deterministic or stochastic, and in the case of a stochastic jump its randomness can be spatial, or temporal, or both. we show that, even for large instantaneous jumps, the average response of the system can be expressed in the form of a suitable time correlation function of the corresponding unperturbed dynamics. for stochastic jumps, we consider two situations : one where a single spatially random jump of a system state occurs at a predetermined time, and another where jumps occur randomly in time with small space - time dependent statistical intensity. for all studied configurations, we compute the corresponding average response formulas in the form of suitable time correlation functions of the unperturbed dynamics. some efficiently computable approximations are derived for practical modeling scenarios.
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arxiv:1903.07226
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this note is about an extension of the kodaira - spencer functional to calabi - yau manifolds of any dimension.
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arxiv:2106.08561
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in 1990 ' s very high energy gamma - ray astrophysics has dramatically advanced due to the imaging air \ v { c } erenkov telescopes ( iacts ). after the first detection of tev gamma - ray emission from the crab nebula in 1989, several type of tev gamma - ray sources, active galactic nuclei ( agn ), young pulsar, and supernova remnant ( snr ), have been detected. in those discoveries, recent detections of both synchrotron x - rays and tev gamma - ray emissions from several snrs are very significant. snr has been widely believed to be an unique candidate of galactic cosmic - ray origin since the beginning of cosmic - ray physics, whereas little observational evidences have been reported so far. those are expected to be a clue of not only the galactic cosmic - ray origin but also the understanding of the particle acceleration due to a diffusive shock. here i present the recent results obtained by our group, cangaroo, about the evidences of electron and proton acceleration in snrs.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0211138
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motivated by recent research on quantifying bacterial growth dynamics based on genome assemblies, we consider a permuted monotone matrix model $ y = \ theta \ pi + z $, where the rows represent different samples, the columns represent contigs in genome assemblies and the elements represent log - read counts after preprocessing steps and guanine - cytosine ( gc ) adjustment. in this model, $ \ theta $ is an unknown mean matrix with monotone entries for each row, $ \ pi $ is a permutation matrix that permutes the columns of $ \ theta $, and $ z $ is a noise matrix. this paper studies the problem of estimation / recovery of $ \ pi $ given the observed noisy matrix $ y $. we propose an estimator based on the best linear projection, which is shown to be minimax rate - optimal for both exact recovery, as measured by the 0 - 1 loss, and partial recovery, as quantified by the normalized kendall ' s tau distance. simulation studies demonstrate the superior empirical performance of the proposed estimator over alternative methods. we demonstrate the methods using a synthetic metagenomics dataset of 45 closely related bacterial species and a real metagenomic dataset to compare the bacterial growth dynamics between the responders and the non - responders of the ibd patients after 8 weeks of treatment.
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arxiv:1911.10604
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we describe typical degenerations of quadratic differentials thus describing ` ` generic cusps ' ' of the moduli space of meromorphic quadratic differentials with at most simple poles. the part of the boundary of the moduli space which does not arise from ` ` generic ' ' degenerations is often negligible in problems involving information on compactification of the moduli space. however, even for a typical degeneration one may have several short loops on the riemann surface which shrink simultaneously. we explain this phenomenon, describe all rigid configurations of short loops, present a detailed description of analogs of desingularized stable curves arising here, and show how one can reconstruct a riemann surface endowed with a quadratic differential which is close to a ` ` cusp ' ' by the corresponding point at the principal boundary.
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arxiv:math/0402197
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the viscous spreading of planetary rings is believed to be counteracted by satellite torques, either through an individual resonance or through overlapping resonances. for the a ring of saturn, it has been commonly believed that the satellite janus alone can prevent the ring from spreading via its 7 : 6 lindblad resonance. we discuss this common misconception and show that, in reality, the a ring is confined by the contributions from the group of satellites pan, atlas, prometheus, pandora, janus, epimetheus, and mimas, whose cumulative torques from various resonances gradually decrease the angular momentum flux transported outward through the ring via density and bending waves. we further argue that this decrease in angular momentum flux occurs through ' flux reversal '. furthermore, we use the magnitude of the satellites ' resonance torques to estimate the effective viscosity profile across the a ring, showing that it decreases with radius from ~ 50 cm2 s - 1 to less than ~ 10 cm2 s - 1. the gradual estimated decrease of the angular momentum flux and effective viscosity are roughly consistent with results obtained by balancing the shepherding torques from pan and daphnis with the viscous torque at the edges of the encke and keeler gaps, as well as the edge of the a ring. on the other hand, the mimas 2 : 1 lindblad resonance alone seems to be capable of confining the edge of the b ring, and contrary to the situation in the a ring, we show that the effective viscosity across the b ring is relatively constant at ~ 24 - 30 cm2 s - 1.
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arxiv:1710.08462
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charuco boards are used for camera calibration, monocular pose estimation, and pose verification in both robotics and augmented reality. such fiducials are detectable via traditional computer vision methods ( as found in opencv ) in well - lit environments, but classical methods fail when the lighting is poor or when the image undergoes extreme motion blur. we present deep charuco, a real - time pose estimation system which combines two custom deep networks, charuconet and refinenet, with the perspective - n - point ( pnp ) algorithm to estimate the marker ' s 6dof pose. charuconet is a two - headed marker - specific convolutional neural network ( cnn ) which jointly outputs id - specific classifiers and 2d point locations. the 2d point locations are further refined into subpixel coordinates using refinenet. our networks are trained using a combination of auto - labeled videos of the target marker, synthetic subpixel corner data, and extreme data augmentation. we evaluate deep charuco in challenging low - light, high - motion, high - blur scenarios and demonstrate that our approach is superior to a traditional opencv - based method for charuco marker detection and pose estimation.
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arxiv:1812.03247
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we demonstrate a continuous output coupler for magnetically trapped atoms. over a period of up to 100 ms a collimated and monoenergetic beam of atoms is continuously extracted from a bose - einstein condensate. the intensity and kinetic energy of the output beam of this atom laser are controlled by a weak rf - field that induces spin flips between trapped and untrapped states. furthermore, the output coupler is used to perform a spectroscopic measurement of the condensate, which reveals the spatial distribution of the magnetically trapped condensate and allows manipulation of the condensate on a micrometer scale.
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arxiv:cond-mat/9812258
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this paper considers the lurye system of a discrete - time, linear time - invariant plant in negative feedback with a nonlinearity. both monotone and slope - restricted nonlinearities are considered. the main result is a procedure to construct destabilizing nonlinearities for the lurye system. if the plant satisfies a certain phase condition then a monotone nonlinearity can be constructed so that the lurye system has a non - trivial periodic cycle. several examples are provided to demonstrate the construction. this represents a contribution for absolute stability analysis since the constructed nonlinearity provides a less conservative upper bound than existing bounds in the literature.
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arxiv:2009.02468
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the recent progress in understanding the qcd phase diagram and the physics of the qcd critical point is reviewed.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0402115
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through its projects, the? atelier inter - \ ' etablissements de productique lorrain? ( aipl ), as the owner and contractor of rank 1, is committed to provide his customers ( teachers, training courses, students etc... ) credible teaching materials at the scale of a real industrial flexible production of goods and services. in this changing context, its managerial team has chosen to suppress the cim concept, which proposes an integrated enterprise, to steering distributed system information ( si ), heterogeneous, autonomous and scalable depending on the ephemeral cooperation between industrial partners who now exchanges information and material flows. these aspects are studied in research on cran ( centre de recherche en automatique de nancy? research centre for automatic control ) as part of a thesis based on the recursive aspect of systems and their models and their multi - scale aspects and multi - views, in a model - based - system - engineering ( mbse ) methodology proposal of an system - engineering ( se ) focused on the product. to validate this research, a mbse has been implemented on a case study to aipl : the " elearning in eproduction? project.
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arxiv:0904.4411
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we argue supersymmetric generalizations of fuzzy two - and four - spheres based on the unitary - orthosymplectic algebras, $ uosp ( n | 2 ) $ and $ uosp ( n | 4 ) $, respectively. supersymmetric version of schwinger construction is applied to derive graded fully symmetric representation for fuzzy superspheres. as a classical counterpart of fuzzy superspheres, graded versions of 1st and 2nd hopf maps are introduced, and their basic geometrical structures are studied. it is shown that fuzzy superspheres are represented as a " superposition " of fuzzy superspheres with lower supersymmetries. we also investigate algebraic structures of fuzzy two - and four - superspheres to identify $ su ( 2 | n ) $ and $ su ( 4 | n ) $ as their enhanced algebraic structures, respectively. evaluation of correlation functions manifests such enhanced structure as quantum fluctuations of fuzzy supersphere.
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arxiv:1106.5077
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we investigate the holographic superconductors immersed in an external magnetic field by using the analytical approach. we obtain the spatially dependent condensate solutions in the presence of the magnetism and find analytically that the upper critical magnetic field satisfies the relation given in the ginzburg - landau theory. we observe analytically the reminiscent of the meissner effect where the magnetic field expels the condensate. extending to the d - dimensional gauss - bonnet ads black holes, we examine the influence given by the gauss - bonnet coupling on the condensation. different from the positive coupling, we find that the negative gauss - bonnet coupling enhances the condensation when the external magnetism is not strong enough.
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arxiv:1002.4901
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scalar top studies at the ilc are reviewed from initial sensitivity studies to a new precision mass determination method.
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arxiv:0712.4207
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[ abridged ] to investigate the evolution in the relation between galaxy stellar and central black hole mass we construct a volume limited complete sample of 85 agn with host galaxy stellar masses m _ { * } > 10 ^ { 10. 5 } m _ { sol }, and specific x - ray luminosities l _ { x } > 2. 35 x 10 ^ { 43 } erg s ^ { - 1 } at 0. 4 < z < 3. we calculate the eddington limiting masses of the supermassive black holes residing at the centre of these galaxies, and observe an increase in the average eddington limiting black hole mass with redshift. by assuming that there is no evolution in the eddington ratio ( \ mu ) and then that there is maximum possible evolution to the eddington limit, we quantify the maximum possible evolution in the m _ { * } / m _ { bh } ratio as lying in the range 700 < m _ { * } / m _ { bh } < 10000, compared with the local value of m _ { * } / m _ { bh } ~ 1000. we furthermore find that the fraction of galaxies which are agn ( with l _ { x } > 2. 35 x 10 ^ { 43 } erg s ^ { - 1 } ) rises with redshift from 1. 2 + / - 0. 2 % at z = 0. 7 to 7. 4 + / - 2. 0 % at z = 2. 5. we use our results to calculate the maximum timescales for which our sample of agn can continue to accrete at their observed rates before surpassing the local galaxy - black hole mass relation. we use these timescales to calculate the total fraction of massive galaxies which will be active ( with l _ { x } > 2. 35 x 10 ^ { 43 } erg s ^ { - 1 } ) since z = 3, finding that at least ~ 40 % of all massive galaxies will be seyfert luminosity agn or brighter during this epoch. further, we calculate the energy density due to agn activity in the universe as 1. 0 ( + / - 0. 3 ) x 10 ^ { 57 } erg mpc ^ { - 3 } gyr ^ { - 1 }, potentially providing a significant source of energy for agn feedback on star formation. we also use this method to compute the evolution in the x - ray luminosity density of agn
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arxiv:1008.2162
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the parton momentum density distributions of the proton were obtained from a nlo qcd analysis of hera and fixed target structure function data. the resulting parton distribution set includes the full information on errors and correlations.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0006193
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mathematical reasoning would be one of the next frontiers for artificial intelligence to make significant progress. the ongoing surge to solve math word problems ( mwps ) and hence achieve better mathematical reasoning ability would continue to be a key line of research in the coming time. we inspect non - neural and neural methods to solve math word problems narrated in a natural language. we also highlight the ability of these methods to be generalizable, mathematically reasonable, interpretable, and explainable. neural approaches dominate the current state of the art, and we survey them highlighting three strategies to mwp solving : ( 1 ) direct answer generation, ( 2 ) expression tree generation for inferring answers, and ( 3 ) template retrieval for answer computation. moreover, we discuss technological approaches, review the evolution of intuitive design choices to solve mwps, and examine them for mathematical reasoning ability. we finally identify several gaps that warrant the need for external knowledge and knowledge - infused learning, among several other opportunities in solving mwps.
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arxiv:2111.05364
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in this work, we investigate whether humans can manually generate high - quality robot paths for optical inspections. typically, automated algorithms are used to solve the inspection planning problem. the use of automated algorithms implies that specialized knowledge from users is needed to set up the algorithm. we aim to replace this need for specialized experience, by entrusting a non - expert human user with the planning task. we augment this user with intuitive visualizations and interactions in virtual reality. to investigate if humans can generate high - quality inspection paths, we perform a user study in which users from different experience categories, generate inspection paths with the proposed virtual reality interface. from our study, it can be concluded that users without experience can generate high - quality inspection paths : the median inspection quality of user generated paths ranged between 66 - 81 \ % of the quality of a state - of - the - art automated algorithm on various inspection planning scenarios. we noticed however, a sizable variation in the performance of users, which is a result of some typical user behaviors. these behaviors are discussed, and possible solutions are provided.
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arxiv:1909.06077
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we prove an existence result for a " generalised " monge - amp \ ` ere equation introduced earlier under some assumptions on a flat complex 3 - torus. as an application we prove the existence of chern connections on certain kinds of holomorphic vector bundles on complex 3 - tori whose top chern character forms are given representatives.
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arxiv:1310.1656
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