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we study an original problem of pure exploration in a strategic bandit model motivated by monte carlo tree search. it consists in identifying the best action in a game, when the player may sample random outcomes of sequentially chosen pairs of actions. we propose two strategies for the fixed - confidence setting : maximin - lucb, based on lower - and upper - confidence bounds ; and maximin - racing, which operates by successively eliminating the sub - optimal actions. we discuss the sample complexity of both methods and compare their performance empirically. we sketch a lower bound analysis, and possible connections to an optimal algorithm.
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arxiv:1602.04676
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we study the motion of a particle in a random time - dependent vector field defined by the 2d navier - stokes system with a noise. under suitable non - degeneracy hypotheses we prove that the empirical measures of the trajectories of the pair ( velocity field, particle ) satisfy the ldp with a good rate function. moreover, we show that the law of a unique stationary solution restricted to the particle component possesses a positive smooth density with respect to the lebesgue measure in any finite time. this allows one to define a natural concept of the entropy production, and to show that its time average is a bounded function of the trajectory. the proofs are based on a new criterion for the validity of the level - 3 ldp for markov processes and an application of a general result on the image of probability measures under smooth maps to the laws associated with the motion of the particle.
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arxiv:1902.03278
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brownian heat engines use local temperature gradients in asymmetric potentials to move particles against an external force. the energy efficiency of such machines is generally limited by irreversible heat flow carried by particles that make contact with different heat baths. here we show that, by using a suitably chosen energy filter, electrons can be transferred reversibly between reservoirs that have different temperatures and electrochemical potentials. we apply this result to propose heat engines based on mesoscopic semiconductor ratchets, which can quasistatically operate arbitrarily close to carnot efficiency.
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arxiv:cond-mat/0201087
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for modeling the spectra of exoplanets one must know their atmospheric composition. this is necessary because the abundance of molecules, atoms, ions and condensates is needed to construct the total cross - section for the interaction between electro - magnetic radiation and matter. in addition, when solving for the temperature structure of an atmosphere the so - called adiabatic temperature gradient must be known, which describes the pressure - temperature dependence in convectively unstable regions well. depending on the planetary properties, the composition and adiabatic gradients may be well described by equilibrium chemistry, which means that chemical reactions occur faster than any other relevant processes in the atmosphere, such as mixing. what is more, the equilibrium assumption often serves as a useful starting point for non - equilibrium calculations. efficient and easy - to - use codes for determining equilibrium abundances are therefore needed. here we report on our easychem python package that calculates atmospheric compositions and adiabatic temperature gradients in chemical equilibrium for any user - specified elemental composition.
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arxiv:2410.21364
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we show that a non - trivial fiber product $ s \ times _ k t $ of commutative noetherian local rings $ s, t $ with a common residue field $ k $ is gorenstein if and only if it is a hypersurface of dimension 1. in this case, both $ s $ and $ t $ are regular rings of dimension 1. we also give some applications of this result.
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arxiv:1701.08689
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for efficient railway operation and maintenance, the demand for onboard monitoring systems is increasing with technological advances in high - speed trains. wheel flats, one of the common defects, can be monitored in real - time through accelerometers mounted on each axle box so that the criteria of relevant standards are not exceeded. this study aims to identify the location and height of a single wheel flat based on non - stationary axle box acceleration ( aba ) signals, which are generated through a train dynamics model with flexible wheelsets. the proposed feature extraction method is applied to extract the root mean square distribution of decomposed aba signals on a balanced binary tree as orthogonal energy features using the hilbert transform and wavelet packet decomposition. the neural network - based defect prediction model is created to define the relationship between input features and output labels. for insufficient input features, data augmentation is performed by the linear interpolation of existing features. the performance of defect prediction is evaluated in terms of the accuracy of detection and localization and improved by augmented input features and highly decomposed aba signals. the results show that the trained neural network can predict the height and location of a single wheel flat from orthogonal energy features with high accuracy.
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arxiv:2008.12111
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today, many organizations are moving their computing services towards the cloud. this makes their computer processing available much more conveniently to users. however, it also brings new security threats and challenges about safety and reliability. in fact, cloud computing is an attractive and cost - saving service for buyers as it provides accessibility and reliability options for users and scalable sales for providers. in spite of being attractive, cloud feature poses various new security threats and challenges when it comes to deploying intrusion detection system ( ids ) in cloud environments. most intrusion detection systems ( idss ) are designed to handle specific types of attacks. it is evident that no single technique can guarantee protection against future attacks. hence, there is a need for an integrated scheme which can provide robust protection against a complete spectrum of threats. on the other hand, there is great need for technology that enables the network and its hosts to defend themselves with some level of intelligence in order to accurately identify and block malicious traffic and activities. in this case, it is called intrusion prevention system ( ips ). therefore, in this paper, we emphasize on recent implementations of ids on cloud computing environments in terms of security and privacy. we propose an effective and efficient model termed as the integrated intrusion detection and prevention system ( idps ) which combines both ids and ips in a single mechanism. our mechanism also integrates two techniques namely, anomaly detection ( ad ) and signature detection ( sd ) that can work in cooperation to detect various numbers of attacks and stop them through the capability of ips.
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arxiv:1203.3323
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an acyclic edge coloring of a graph $ g $ is a proper edge coloring such that every cycle is colored with at least three colors. the acyclic chromatic index $ \ chiup _ { a } ' ( g ) $ of a graph $ g $ is the least number of colors in an acyclic edge coloring of $ g $. it was conjectured that $ \ chiup ' _ { a } ( g ) \ leq \ delta ( g ) + 2 $ for any simple graph $ g $ with maximum degree $ \ delta ( g ) $. a graph is { \ em $ 1 $ - planar } if it can be drawn on the plane such that every edge is crossed by at most one other edge. in this paper, we prove that every triangle - free $ 1 $ - planar graph $ g $ has an acyclic edge coloring with $ \ delta ( g ) + 16 $ colors.
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arxiv:1504.06234
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in this work, we present the systematic study of $ 2 \ nu $ ecec process in the $ ^ { 78 } $ kr using large - scale shell - model calculations with the gwbxg effective interaction. we first validate the efficiency of the utilized interaction by comparing the theoretical low - lying energy spectra, the kinematic moment of inertia, and reduced transition probabilities with the experimental data for both the parent and grand - daughter nuclei $ ^ { 78 } $ kr and $ ^ { 78 } $ se, respectively. additionally, we examine the shell - model level densities of the $ 1 ^ + $ states in the intermediate nucleus $ ^ { 78 } $ br, comparing them with the predictions from the back - shifted fermi gas model. we analyze the variation of cumulative nuclear matrix elements ( nmes ) for the $ 2 \ nu $ ecec process in $ ^ { 78 } $ kr as a function of $ 1 ^ + $ state energies in the intermediate nucleus $ ^ { 78 } $ br up to the saturation level. our estimated half - life for $ ^ { 78 } $ kr, extracted from the shell - model predicted nmes, shows good agreement with the experimental value. the gamow - teller transitions from the lowest $ 1 ^ + $ state of $ ^ { 78 } $ br via both the ec $ + \ beta ^ + $ and $ \ beta ^ - $ - channels are also discussed.
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arxiv:2412.05844
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let $ n $ be a finite set and $ \ mathcal { f } $, an intersection - closed family of subsets. frankl conjectured that there always exists an element in $ n $ which is contained in at most half the number of sets in $ \ mathcal { f } $ unless $ \ mathcal { f } = \ { e \ } $. we prove the validity of a class of inequalities which imply frankl ' s conjecture.
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arxiv:2501.03302
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suppose $ \ lambda $ is a discrete infinite set of nonnegative real numbers. we say that $ { \ lambda } $ is type $ 1 $ if the series $ s ( x ) = \ sum _ { \ lambda \ in \ lambda } f ( x + \ lambda ) $ satisfies a zero - one law. this means that for any non - negative measurable $ f : { { \ mathbb r } } \ to [ 0, + { \ infty } ) $ either the convergence set $ c ( f, { \ lambda } ) = \ { x : s ( x ) < + { \ infty } \ } = { { \ mathbb r } } $ modulo sets of lebesgue zero, or its complement the divergence set $ d ( f, { \ lambda } ) = \ { x : s ( x ) = + { \ infty } \ } = { { \ mathbb r } } $ modulo sets of measure zero. if $ { \ lambda } $ is not type $ 1 $ we say that $ { \ lambda } $ is type 2. the exact characterization of type $ 1 $ and type $ 2 $ sets is not known. in this paper we continue our study of the properties of type $ 1 $ and $ 2 $ sets. we discuss sub and supersets of type $ 1 $ and $ 2 $ sets and we give a complete and simple characterization of a subclass of dyadic type $ 1 $ sets. we discuss the existence of type $ 1 $ sets containing infinitely many algebraically independent elements. finally, we consider unions and minkowski sums of type $ 1 $ and $ 2 $ sets.
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arxiv:1805.12419
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with the growth of online social services, social information graphs are becoming increasingly complex. privacy issues related to analyzing or publishing on social graphs are also becoming increasingly serious. since the shortest paths play an important role in graphs, privately publishing the shortest paths or distances has attracted the attention of researchers. differential privacy ( dp ) is an excellent standard for preserving privacy. however, existing works to answer the distance query with the guarantee of dp were almost based on the weight private graph assumption, not on the paths themselves. in this paper, we consider edges as privacy and propose distance publishing mechanisms based on edge dp. to address the issue of utility damage caused by large global sensitivities, we revisit studies related to asymmetric neighborhoods in dp with the observation that the distance query is monotonic in asymmetric neighborhoods. we formally give the definition of asymmetric neighborhoods and propose individual asymmetric differential privacy with higher privacy guarantees in combination with smooth sensitivity. then, we introduce two methods to efficiently compute the smooth sensitivity of distance queries in asymmetric neighborhoods. finally, we validate our scheme using both real - world and synthetic datasets, which can reduce the error to $ 0. 0862 $.
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arxiv:2501.07955
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in this letter i stress the role of causal reversibility ( time - symmetry ), together with causality and locality, in the justification of the quantum formalism. firstly, in the algebraic quantum formalism, i show that the assumption of reversibility implies that the observables of a quantum theory form an abstract real c * - algebra, and can be represented as an algebra of operators on a real hilbert space. secondly, in the quantum logic formalism, i emphasize which axioms for the lattice of propositions ( existence of an orthocomplementation and the covering property ) derive from reversibility. a new argument based on locality and soler ' s theorem is used to derive the representation as projectors on a regular hilbert space from the general quantum logic formalism. in both cases it is recalled that the restriction to complex algebras and hilbert spaces comes from the constraints of locality and separability.
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arxiv:1103.3454
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we give a simple, explicit, sufficient condition for the existence of a sector of minimal growth for second order regular singular differential operators on graphs. we specifically consider operators with a singular potential of coulomb type and base our analysis on the theory of elliptic cone operators.
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arxiv:0705.2703
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disordered hyperuniformity is a description of hidden correlations in point distributions revealed by an anomalous suppression in fluctuations of local density at various coarse - graining length scales. in the absorbing phase of models exhibiting an active - absorbing state transition, this suppression extends up to a hyperuniform length scale that diverges at the critical point. here, we demonstrate the existence of additional many - body correlations beyond hyperuniformity. these correlations are hidden in the higher moments of the probability distribution of the local density, and extend up to a longer length scale with a faster divergence than the hyperuniform length on approaching the critical point. our results suggest that a hidden order beyond hyperuniformity may generically be present in complex disordered systems.
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arxiv:2009.07187
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a rather simple natural outer derivation of the graded lie algebra of all vector valued differential forms with the fr \ " olicher - nijenhuis bracket turns out to be a differential and gives rise to a cohomology of the manifold, which is functorial under local diffeomorphisms. this cohomology is determined as the direct product of the de rham cohomology space and the graded lie algebra of " traceless " vector valued differential forms, equipped with a new natural differential concomitant as graded lie bracket. we find two graded lie algebra structures on the space of differential forms. some consequences and related results are also discussed.
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arxiv:math/9201255
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a recent cms analysis has reported the observation of an excess in the invariant mass distribution of the opposite - sign same - flavour lepton pair, which can be interpreted as a kinematic edge due to new physics. using collider simulation tools, we recast relevant lhc search results reported by atlas and cms collaborations in order to determine constraints on supersymmetric models that could produce the observed features. in particular, we focus on models involving cascade decays of light - flavour squarks and sbottoms. we find no favourable supersymmetry scenario within our exploration that could explain the origin of the excess when other lhc constraints are taken into account.
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arxiv:1502.05712
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recent first - principles electron - phonon scattering calculations of heavily - doped semiconductors suggest that a simple dos scattering model, wherein the electronic scattering rates are assumed to be proportional to the density - of - states, better approximates the rigorous scattering characteristics compared to the commonly used constant relaxation - time and constant mean - free - path approximations. this work investigates how the thermoelectric properties predicted with the dos model compare to the other two scattering models, using three analytical electron dispersions ( parabolic band in 3d / 2d / 1d, kane band in 3d / 2d / 1d, and ring - shaped quartic band in 2d ). our findings show that the scattering models can lead to significant differences, and can disagree about whether certain band structures can provide benefits. a constant relaxation - time is found to always be optimistic compared to a constant mean - free - path, while the dos scattering model shows no such clear trend. notably, the 1d parabolic band and 2d quartic band exhibit the highest power factors with the dos model, resulting from a rapid decrease in density - of - states, and thus scattering - suggesting a possible strategy for improved thermoelectrics based on engineering band structures with sharp / discontinuous drops in density - of - states. the dos scattering approximation also suggests that searches for materials with a delta function - like dos ( as a proxy to the transport distribution ) or converged bands may yield limited benefits, due to the increase in scattering. this work highlights the importance of simple and accurate scattering models when rigorous ab - initio scattering calculations are not feasible.
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arxiv:1911.06414
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these notes treat a momentum map associated to the heisenberg group. we classify the coadjoint orbits of the heisenberg group and show that the cocycle associated to the momentum map becomes a value of the modulus of a coadjoint orbit. we give a representation theoretic description of this modulus.
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arxiv:2308.01866
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in recent times, the utilization of 3d models has gained traction, owing to the capacity for end - to - end training initially offered by neural radiance fields and more recently by 3d gaussian splatting ( 3dgs ) models. the latter holds a significant advantage by inherently easing rapid convergence during training and offering extensive editability. however, despite rapid advancements, the literature still lives in its infancy regarding the scalability of these models. in this study, we take some initial steps in addressing this gap, showing an approach that enables both the memory and computational scalability of such models. specifically, we propose " trimming the fat ", a post - hoc gradient - informed iterative pruning technique to eliminate redundant information encoded in the model. our experimental findings on widely acknowledged benchmarks attest to the effectiveness of our approach, revealing that up to 75 % of the gaussians can be removed while maintaining or even improving upon baseline performance. our approach achieves around 50 $ \ times $ compression while preserving performance similar to the baseline model, and is able to speed - up computation up to 600 fps.
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arxiv:2406.18214
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we review and apply cheeger - gromov theory on $ l ^ 2 $ - cohomology of infinite coverings of complete manifolds with bounded curvature and finite volume. applications focus on $ l ^ 2 $ - cohomology of ( pullback of ) harmonic higgs bundles on some covering of zariski open sets of k \ " ahler manifolds. the $ l ^ 2 - $ dolbeault to derham spectral sequence of these higgs bundles is seen to degenerate at $ e _ 2 $.
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arxiv:1810.03863
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in this paper a class of ornstein - - uhlenbeck processes driven by compound poisson processes is considered. the jumps arrive with exponential waiting times and are allowed to be two - sided. the jumps are assumed to form an iid sequence with distribution a mixture ( not necessarily convex ) of exponential distributions, independent of everything else. the fact that downward jumps are allowed makes passage of a given lower level possible both by continuity and by a jump. the time of this passage and the possible undershoot ( in the jump case ) is considered. by finding partial eigenfunctions for the infinitesimal generator of the process, an expression for the joint laplace transform of the passage time and the undershoot can be found. from the laplace transform the ruin probability of ever crossing the level can be derived. when the drift is negative this probability is less than one and its asymptotic behaviour when the initial state of the process tends to infinity is determined explicitly. the situation where the level to cross decreases to minus infinity is more involved : the level to cross plays a much more fundamental role in the expression for the joint laplace transform than the initial state of the process. the limit of the ruin probability in the positive drift case and the limit of the distribution of the undershoot in the negative drift case is derived.
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arxiv:1608.08832
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over the last decade, large - scale, organized ( generally dipolar ) magnetic fields with a strength between 0. 1 and 20 kg were detected in dozens of ob stars. this contribution reviews the impact of such magnetic fields on the stellar winds of o - stars, with emphasis on variability and x - ray emission.
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arxiv:1306.6753
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hypocycloid and epicycloid motions of irregular grain ( pine pollen ) are observed for the first time in unmagnetized dust plasma in 2d horizontal plane. hypocycloid motions occur both inside and outside the glass ring which confines the grain. epicycloid motion only appears outside the glass ring. cuspate cycloid motions, circle motion, and stationary grain are also observed. all these motions are related with both the initial conditions of dropped grain and the discharge parameters. the magnus force originated from the spin of the irregular grain is confirmed by comparison experiments with regular microspheres, and it plays important role on these ( cuspate ) cycloid motions. the observed complex motions are explained in term of force analysis and numerical simulations. periodical change of the cyclotron radius as the grain travelling results in the ( cuspate ) cycloid motions. our results show that the ( cuspate ) cycloid motions are distinctive features of irregular grain immersed in plasma.
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arxiv:1407.7962
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the electronic structure of interstitial hydrogen in a compound semiconductor fes $ _ 2 $ ( naturally $ n $ - type ) is inferred from a muon study. an implanted muon ( mu, a pseudo - hydrogen ) forms electronically different defect centers discerned by the hyperfine parameter ( $ \ omega _ { \ rm hf } $ ). a body of evidence indicates that one muon is situated at the center of an iron - cornered tetrahedron with nearly isotropic $ \ omega _ { \ rm hf } $ ( mu $ _ { \ rm p } $ ), and that the other exists as a diamagnetic state ( mu $ _ { \ rm d } $, $ \ omega _ { \ rm hf } \ simeq 0 $ ). their response to thermal agitation indicates that the mu $ _ { \ rm d } $ center accompanies a shallow level ( donor or acceptor ) understood by effective mass model while the electronic structure of mu $ _ { \ rm p } $ center is more isolated from host than mu $ _ { \ rm d } $ to form a deeper donor level. these observations suggest that interstitial hydrogen also serves as an electronically active impurity in fes $ _ 2 $. based on earlier reports on the hydrogen diffusion in fes $ _ 2 $, possibility of fast diffusion for mu $ _ { \ rm p } $ leading to formation of a complex defect state ( mu $ ^ * _ { \ rm d } $, $ t \ le 100 $ k ) or to motional narrowing state ( mu $ ^ * _ { \ rm p } $, $ t \ ge 150 $ k ) is also discussed.
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arxiv:1808.06153
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this letter considers a fluid antenna system ( fas ) - aided secure and covert communication system, where the transmitter adjusts multiple fluid antennas ' positions to achieve secure and covert transmission under the threat of an eavesdropper and the detection of a warden. this letter aims to maximize the secrecy rate while satisfying the covertness constraint. unfortunately, the optimization problem is non - convex due to the coupled variables. to tackle this, we propose an alternating optimization ( ao ) algorithm to alternatively optimize the optimization variables in an iterative manner. in particular, we use a penalty - based method and the majorization - minimization ( mm ) algorithm to optimize the transmit beamforming and fluid antennas ' positions, respectively. simulation results show that fas can significantly improve the performance of secrecy and covertness compared to the fixed - position antenna ( fpa ) - based schemes.
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arxiv:2411.09235
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we formulate problems of tight closure theory in terms of projective bundles and subbundles. this provides a geometric interpretation of such problems and allows us to apply intersection theory to them. this yields new results concerning the tight closure of a primary ideal in a two - dimensional graded domain.
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arxiv:math/0209300
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dysregulation in signal transduction pathways can lead to a variety of complex disorders, including cancer. computational approaches such as network analysis are important tools to understand system dynamics as well as to identify critical components that could be further explored as therapeutic targets. here, we performed perturbation analysis of a large - scale signal transduction model in extracellular environments that stimulate cell death, growth, motility, and quiescence. each of the model ' s components was perturbed under both loss - of - function and gain - of - function mutations. we identified the most and least influential components based on the magnitude of their influence on the rest of the system. based on the premise that the most influential components might serve as better drug targets, we characterized them for biological functions, housekeeping genes, essential genes, and druggable proteins. moreover, known cancer drug targets were also classified in influential components based on the affected components in the network. additionally, the systemic perturbation analysis of the model revealed a network motif of most influential components which affect each other. furthermore, our analysis predicted novel combinations of cancer drug targets with various effects on other most influential components. we found that the combinatorial perturbation consisting of pi3k inactivation and overactivation of ip3r1 can lead to increased activity levels of apoptosis - related components and tumor suppressor genes, suggesting that this combinatorial perturbation may lead to a better target for decreasing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. lastly, our results suggest that systematic perturbation analyses of large - scale computational models may serve as an approach to prioritize and assess signal transduction components in order to identify novel drug targets in complex disorders.
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arxiv:1511.03337
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we introduce a radiance representation that is both structured and fully explicit and thus greatly facilitates 3d generative modeling. existing radiance representations either require an implicit feature decoder, which significantly degrades the modeling power of the representation, or are spatially unstructured, making them difficult to integrate with mainstream 3d diffusion methods. we derive gaussiancube by first using a novel densification - constrained gaussian fitting algorithm, which yields high - accuracy fitting using a fixed number of free gaussians, and then rearranging these gaussians into a predefined voxel grid via optimal transport. since gaussiancube is a structured grid representation, it allows us to use standard 3d u - net as our backbone in diffusion modeling without elaborate designs. more importantly, the high - accuracy fitting of the gaussians allows us to achieve a high - quality representation with orders of magnitude fewer parameters than previous structured representations for comparable quality, ranging from one to two orders of magnitude. the compactness of gaussiancube greatly eases the difficulty of 3d generative modeling. extensive experiments conducted on unconditional and class - conditioned object generation, digital avatar creation, and text - to - 3d synthesis all show that our model achieves state - of - the - art generation results both qualitatively and quantitatively, underscoring the potential of gaussiancube as a highly accurate and versatile radiance representation for 3d generative modeling. project page : https : / / gaussiancube. github. io /.
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arxiv:2403.19655
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. archaea reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding ; unlike bacteria, no known species of archaea form endospores. the first observed archaea were extremophiles, living in extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes with no other organisms. improved molecular detection tools led to the discovery of archaea in almost every habitat, including soil, oceans, and marshlands. archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet. archaea are a major part of earth ' s life. they are part of the microbiota of all organisms. in the human microbiome, they are important in the gut, mouth, and on the skin. their morphological, metabolic, and geographical diversity permits them to play multiple ecological roles : carbon fixation ; nitrogen cycling ; organic compound turnover ; and maintaining microbial symbiotic and syntrophic communities, for example. = = = eukaryotes = = = eukaryotes are hypothesized to have split from archaea, which was followed by their endosymbioses with bacteria ( or symbiogenesis ) that gave rise to mitochondria and chloroplasts, both of which are now part of modern - day eukaryotic cells. the major lineages of eukaryotes diversified in the precambrian about 1. 5 billion years ago and can be classified into eight major clades : alveolates, excavates, stramenopiles, plants, rhizarians, amoebozoans, fungi, and animals. five of these clades are collectively known as protists, which are mostly microscopic eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi, or animals. while it is likely that protists share a common ancestor ( the last eukaryotic common ancestor ), protists by themselves do not constitute a separate clade as some protists may be more closely related to plants, fungi, or animals than they are to other protists. like groupings such as algae, invertebrates, or protozoans, the protist grouping is not a formal taxonomic group but is used for convenience. most protists are unicellular ; these are called microbial eukaryotes. plants are mainly multicellular organisms, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom plantae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology
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we present semiclassical approximations to green ' s functions of multidimensional systems, extending gutzwiller ' s work to the classically forbidden region. based on steepest - descent integrals over these functions, we derive an instanton method for computing the rate of nonadiabatic reactions, such as electron transfer, in the weak - coupling limit, where fermi ' s golden - rule can be employed. this generalizes marcus theory to systems for which the environment free - energy curves are not harmonic and where nuclear tunnelling plays a role. the derivation avoids using the im f method or short - time approximations to real - time correlation functions. a clear physical interpretation of the nuclear tunnelling processes involved in an electron - transfer reaction is thus provided. in the following paper, we discuss numerical evaluation of the formulae.
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arxiv:1508.04919
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we evaluate the non - perturbative contribution to the double - diffractive production of the higgs boson, which arises due to the qcd scale anomaly if the mass of the higgs m _ h is smaller than the mass of the top quark m _ t, m _ h < m _ t. the cross section appears to be larger than expected from perturbative calculations ; we find \ sigma _ h = 0. 019 - 0. 14 pbarn at the tevatron energy, and \ sigma _ h = 0. 01 - 0. 27 pbarn at the energy of the lhc.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0005311
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the quality of task execution can significantly impact a multi - robot mission. while higher quality is desirable, it may not always be feasible due to mission constraints. existing multi - robot task allocation literature generally overlooks quality of service as a decision variable. addressing this gap, we introduce the multi - robot, multi - objective, and multi - mode routing and scheduling ( m ^ 3rs ) problem, designed for time - bound, multi - robot, multi - objective missions. in m ^ 3rs, each task offers multiple execution modes, each with different resource requirements, execution time, and quality. m ^ 3rs optimizes task sequences and execution modes for each agent. the need for m ^ 3rs comes from multi - robot applications in which a trade - off between multiple criteria can be achieved by varying the task level quality of service through task execution modes. such ability is particularly useful for service robot applications. we use m ^ 3rs for the application of multi - robot disinfection in healthcare environments and other public locations. the objectives considered for disinfection application are disinfection quality and number of tasks completed. a mixed - integer linear programming ( mip ) model is proposed for m ^ 3rs. further, a clustering - based column generation ( ccg ) algorithm is proposed to handle larger problem instances. through synthetic, simulated, and hardware case studies, we demonstrate the advantages of m ^ 3rs, showing it provides flexibility and strong performance across multiple metrics. our ccg algorithm generates solutions 2. 5x faster than a baseline mip optimizer, maintaining competitive performance. the videos for the experiments are available on the project website : https : / / sites. google. com / view / g - robot / m3rs /
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arxiv:2403.16275
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mandelstam - leibbrandt ( ml ) regularization of very special relativity ( vsr ) amplitudes in momentum space depends on two fixed null vectors $ n _ \ mu, \ bar { n } _ \ mu $ besides external momenta. ml is known to preserve gauge invariance and naive power counting. the second null vector $ \ bar { n } _ \ mu $ destroys the $ sim ( 2 ) $ symmetry of the vsr model. we devise a systematic procedure to take the $ \ bar { n } _ \ mu - > 0 $ limit to recover the lost $ sim ( 2 ) $ symmetry. the procedure produces $ sim ( 2 ) $ and gauge invariant loop amplitudes. we show how to use this method to remove unphysical terms from the non relativistic potential of very special relativity quantum electrodynamics ( vsr qed ) with a massive photon. then we compute the one loop renormalization of vsr qed. finally we derive the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, modified by neutrino and photon mass ; and comments on the phenomenological implications.
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arxiv:2304.12933
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we consider the issue of intensification / diversification balance in the context of a memetic algorithm for the multiobjective optimization of investment portfolios with cardinality constraints. we approach this issue in this work by considering the selective application of knowledge - augmented operators ( local search and a memory of elite solutions ) based on the search epoch in which the algorithm finds itself, hence alternating between unbiased search ( guided uniquely by the built - in search mechanics of the algorithm ) and focused search ( intensified by the use of the problem - aware operators ). these operators exploit sharpe index ( a measure of the relationship between return and risk ) as a source of problem knowledge. we have conducted a sensibility analysis to determine in which phases of the search the application of these operators leads to better results. our findings indicate that the resulting algorithm is quite robust in terms of parameterization from the point of view of this problem - specific indicator. furthermore, it is shown that not only can other non - memetic counterparts be outperformed, but that there is a range of parameters in which the ma is also competitive when not better in terms of standard multiobjective performance indicators.
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arxiv:2412.03981
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the equations of motion of a single particle subject to an arbitrary electric and a static magnetic field form a poisson system. we present a second - order time integration method which preserves well the poisson structure and compare it to commonly used algorithms, such as the boris scheme. all the methods are represented in a general framework of splitting methods. we use the so - called $ \ phi $ functions, which give efficient ways for both analyzing and implementing the algorithms. numerical experiments show an excellent long term stability for the new method considered.
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arxiv:1510.01484
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we present an update of the search for the lepton family number violating decay tau - > mu gamma using 12. 6 million tau + tau - pairs collected with the cleo detector. no evidence of a signal has been found and the corresponding upper limit is br ( tau - > mu gamma ) < 1. 1x10 ^ { - 6 } at 90 % cl, significantly smaller than previous experimental limits.
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arxiv:hep-ex/9910060
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we study the incompressible limit of the compressible non - isentropic magnetohydrodynamic equations with zero magnetic diffusivity and general initial data in the whole space $ \ mathbb { r } ^ d $ $ ( d = 2, 3 ) $. we first establish the existence of classic solutions on a time interval independent of the mach number. then, by deriving uniform a priori estimates, we obtain the convergence of the solution to that of the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations as the mach number tends to zero.
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arxiv:1111.2926
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due to the subjective nature of current clinical evaluation, the need for automatic severity evaluation in dysarthric speech has emerged. dnn models outperform ml models but lack user - friendly explainability. ml models offer explainable results at a feature level, but their performance is comparatively lower. current ml models extract various features from raw waveforms to predict severity. however, existing methods do not encompass all dysarthric features used in clinical evaluation. to address this gap, we propose a feature extraction method that minimizes information loss. we introduce an asr transcription as a novel feature extraction source. we finetune the asr model for dysarthric speech, then use this model to transcribe dysarthric speech and extract word segment boundary information. it enables capturing finer pronunciation and broader prosodic features. these features demonstrated an improved severity prediction performance to existing features : balanced accuracy of 83. 72 %.
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arxiv:2412.03784
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we obtain the subleading soft theorem for a generic theory of quantum gravity, for arbitrary number of soft photons and gravitons and for arbitrary number of finite energy particles with arbitrary mass and spin when all the soft particles are soft in the same rate. this result is valid at tree level for spacetime dimensions equal to four and five and to all loops in spacetime dimensions greater than five. we verify that in classical limit low energy photon and graviton radiation decouple from each other.
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arxiv:1809.01675
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in the spirit of the white - bear version of fundamental measure theory we derive a new density functional for hard - sphere mixtures which is based on a recent mixture extension of the carnahan - starling equation of state. in addition to the capability to predict inhomogeneous density distributions very accurately, like the original white - bear version, the new functional improves upon consistency with an exact scaled - particle theory relation in the case of the pure fluid. we examine consistency in detail within the context of morphological thermodynamics. interestingly, for the pure fluid the degree of consistency of the new version is not only higher than for the original white - bear version but also higher than for rosenfeld ' s original fundamental measure theory.
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arxiv:cond-mat/0606658
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understanding the representations of different languages in multilingual language models is essential for comprehending their cross - lingual properties, predicting their performance on downstream tasks, and identifying any biases across languages. in our study, we analyze the geometry of three multilingual language models in euclidean space and find that all languages are represented by unique geometries. using a geometric separability index we find that although languages tend to be closer according to their linguistic family, they are almost separable with languages from other families. we also introduce a cross - lingual similarity index to measure the distance of languages with each other in the semantic space. our findings indicate that the low - resource languages are not represented as good as high resource languages in any of the models
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arxiv:2305.07839
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the parameters of the ag codes on general linear groups are found. the hyperplane sections having the minimum ( or maximum ) number of rational points are determined.
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arxiv:2303.04757
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for simple graphs $ x $ and $ y $ on $ n $ vertices, the friends - and - strangers graph $ \ mathsf { fs } ( x, y ) $ is the graph whose vertex set consists of all bijections $ \ sigma : v ( x ) \ to v ( y ) $, where two bijections $ \ sigma $ and $ \ sigma ' $ are adjacent if and only if they agree on all but two adjacent vertices $ a, b \ in v ( x ) $ such that $ \ sigma ( a ), \ sigma ( b ) \ in v ( y ) $ are adjacent in $ y $. resolving a conjecture of wang, lu, and chen, we completely characterize the connectedness of $ \ mathsf { fs } ( x, y ) $ when $ y $ is a complete bipartite graph. we further extend this result to when $ y $ is a complete multipartite graph. we also determine when $ \ mathsf { fs } ( x, y ) $ has exactly two connected components where $ x $ is bipartite and $ y $ is a complete bipartite graph.
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arxiv:2307.08121
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the stochastic motions of a diffusing particle contain information concerning the particle ' s interactions with binding partners and with its local environment. however, accurate determination of the underlying diffusive properties, beyond normal diffusion, has remained challenging when analyzing particle trajectories on an individual basis. here, we introduce the maximum likelihood estimator ( mle ) for confined diffusion and fractional brownian motion. we demonstrate that this mle yields improved estimation over traditional mean square displacement analyses. we also introduce a model selection scheme ( that we call mlebic ) that classifies individual trajectories to a given diffusion mode. we demonstrate the statistical limitations of classification via mlebic using simulated data. to overcome these limitations, we introduce a new version of perturbation expectation - maximization ( pemv2 ), which simultaneously analyzes a collection of particle trajectories to uncover the system of interactions which give rise to unique normal and / or non - normal diffusive states within the population. we test and evaluate the performance of pemv2 on various sets of simulated particle trajectories, which transition among several modes of normal and non - normal diffusion, highlighting the key considerations for employing this analysis methodology.
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arxiv:1608.01419
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this paper presents a two - stage online phase reconstruction framework using causal deep neural networks ( dnns ). phase reconstruction is a task of recovering phase of the short - time fourier transform ( stft ) coefficients only from the corresponding magnitude. however, phase is sensitive to waveform shifts and not easy to estimate from the magnitude even with a dnn. to overcome this problem, we propose to use dnns for estimating differences of phase between adjacent time - frequency bins. we show that convolutional neural networks are suitable for phase difference estimation, according to the theoretical relation between partial derivatives of stft phase and magnitude. the estimated phase differences are used for reconstructing phase by solving a weighted least squares problem in a frame - by - frame manner. in contrast to existing dnn - based phase reconstruction methods, the proposed framework is causal and does not require any iterative procedure. the experiments showed that the proposed method outperforms existing online methods and a dnn - based method for phase reconstruction.
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arxiv:2211.08246
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we report on calculations of the elastic cross section and thermalization rate for collision between two maximally spin - polarized chromium atoms in the cold and ultracold regimes, relevant to buffer - gas and magneto - optical cooling of chromium atoms. we calculate ab initio potential energy curves for cr2 and the van der waals coefficient c6, and construct interaction potentials between two colliding cr atoms. we explore the effect of shape resonances on elastic cross section, and find that they dramatically affect the thermalization rate. our calculated value for the s - wave scattering length is compared in magnitude with a recent measurement at ultracold temperatures.
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arxiv:physics/0309076
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understanding the evolution of galaxies cannot exclude the important role played by the central supermassive black hole and the circumgalactic medium ( cgm ). simulations have strongly suggested the negative feedback of agn jet / wind / outflows on the ism / cgm of a galaxy leading to the eventual decline of star formation. however, no " smoking gun " evidence exists so far where relics of feedback, observed in any band, are consistent with the time scale of a major decline in star formation, in any sample of galaxies. relics of any agn - driven outflows will be observed as a faint and fuzzy structure which may be difficult to characterise by automated algorithms but trained citizen scientists can possibly perform better through their intuitive vision with additional heterogeneous data available anywhere on the internet. rad @ home, launched on 15th april 2013, is not only the first indian citizen science research ( csr ) platform in astronomy but also the only csr publishing discoveries using any indian telescope. we briefly report 11 csr discoveries collected over the last eleven years. while searching for such relics we have spotted cases of offset relic lobes from elliptical and spiral, episodic radio galaxies with overlapping lobes as the host galaxy is in motion, large diffuse spiral - shaped emission, cases of jet - galaxy interaction, kinks and burls on the jets, a collimated synchrotron thread etc. such exotic sources push the boundaries of our understanding of classical seyferts and radio galaxies with jets and the process of discovery prepares the next generation for science with the upgraded gmrt and square kilometre array observatory ( skao ).
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arxiv:2410.10294
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we present quantum cloning machines ( qcm ) that transform n identical qubits into $ m > n $ identical copies and we prove that the fidelity ( quality ) of these copies is optimal. the connection between cloning and measurement is discussed in detail. when the number of clones m tends towards infinity, the fidelity of each clone tends towards the optimal fidelity that can be obtained by a measurement on the input qubits. more generally, the qcm are universal devices to translate quantum information into classical information.
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arxiv:quant-ph/9705046
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in this paper we consider a distributed optimization scenario in which a set of agents has to solve a convex optimization problem with separable cost function, local constraint sets and a coupling inequality constraint. we propose a novel distributed algorithm based on a relaxation of the primal problem and an elegant exploration of duality theory. despite its complex derivation based on several duality steps, the distributed algorithm has a very simple and intuitive structure. that is, each node solves a local version of the original problem relaxation, and updates suitable dual variables. we prove the algorithm correctness and show its effectiveness via numerical computations.
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arxiv:1804.09105
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we study the spectrum of the scalar laplacian on the five - dimensional toric sasaki - einstein manifolds y ^ { p, q }. the eigenvalue equation reduces to heun ' s equation, which is a fuchsian equation with four regular singularities. we show that the ground states, which are given by constant solutions of heun ' s equation, are identified with bps states corresponding to the chiral primary operators in the dual quiver gauge theories. the excited states correspond to non - trivial solutions of heun ' s equation. it is shown that these reduce to polynomial solutions in the near bps limit.
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arxiv:hep-th/0505259
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the proposed ical experiment at ino aims to identify the neutrino mass hierarchy from observations of atmospheric neutrinos, and help improve the precision on the atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters. while the design of ical is primarily optimized to measure muon momentum, it is also capable of measuring the hadron energy in each event. although the hadron energy is measured with relatively lower resolution, it nevertheless contains crucial information on the event, which may be extracted when taken concomitant with the muon data. we demonstrate that by adding the hadron energy information to the muon energy and muon direction in each event, the sensitivity of ical to the neutrino parameters can be improved significantly. using the realistic detector response for ical, we present its enhanced reach for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy, the atmospheric mass squared difference and the mixing angle theta23, including its octant. in particular, we show that the analysis that uses hadron energy information can distinguish the normal and inverted mass hierarchies with deltachi ^ 2 approx 9 with 10 years exposure at the 50 kt ical, which corresponds to about 40 % improvement over the muon - only analysis.
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arxiv:1406.3689
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brain magnetic resonance ( mr ) segmentation for hydrocephalus patients is considered as a challenging work. encoding the variation of the brain anatomical structures from different individuals cannot be easily achieved. the task becomes even more difficult especially when the image data from hydrocephalus patients are considered, which often have large deformations and differ significantly from the normal subjects. here, we propose a novel strategy with hard and soft attention modules to solve the segmentation problems for hydrocephalus mr images. our main contributions are three - fold : 1 ) the hard - attention module generates coarse segmentation map using multi - atlas - based method and the voxelmorph tool, which guides subsequent segmentation process and improves its robustness ; 2 ) the soft - attention module incorporates position attention to capture precise context information, which further improves the segmentation accuracy ; 3 ) we validate our method by segmenting insula, thalamus and many other regions - of - interests ( rois ) that are critical to quantify brain mr images of hydrocephalus patients in real clinical scenario. the proposed method achieves much improved robustness and accuracy when segmenting all 17 consciousness - related rois with high variations for different subjects. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to employ deep learning for solving the brain segmentation problems of hydrocephalus patients.
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arxiv:2001.03857
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we prove cut - off results for deadlocks and serializability of a $ pv $ - thread $ t $ run in parallel with itself : for a $ pv $ thread $ t $ which accesses a set $ \ mathcal { r } $ of resources, each with a maximal capacity $ \ kappa : \ mathcal { r } \ to \ mathbb { n } $, the pv - program $ t ^ n $, where $ n $ copies of $ t $ are run in parallel, is deadlock free for all $ n $ if and only if $ t ^ m $ is deadlock free where $ m = \ sigma _ { r \ in \ mathcal { r } } \ kappa ( r ) $. this is a sharp bound : for all $ \ kappa : \ mathcal { r } \ to \ mathbb { n } $ and finite $ \ mathcal { r } $ there is a thread $ t $ using these resources such that $ t ^ m $ has a deadlock, but $ t ^ n $ does not for $ n < m $. moreover, we prove a more general theorem : there are no deadlocks in $ p = t1 | t2 | \ cdots | tn $ if and only if there are no deadlocks in $ t _ { i _ 1 } | t _ { i _ 2 } | \ cdots | t _ { i _ m } $ for any subset $ \ { i _ 1, \ ldots, i _ m \ } \ subset [ 1 : n ] $. for $ \ kappa ( r ) \ equiv 1 $, $ t ^ n $ is serializable for all $ n $ if and only if $ t ^ 2 $ is serializable. for general capacities, we define a local obstruction to serializability. there is no local obstruction to serializability in $ t ^ n $ for all $ n $ if and only if there is no local obstruction to serializability in $ t ^ m $ for $ m = \ sigma _ { r \ in \ mathcal { r } } \ kappa ( r ) + 1 $. the obstructions may be found using a deadlock algorithm in $ t ^ { m + 1 } $. these serializability results also have a generalization : if there are no local obstructions to serializability in any of the $ m $ - dimensional sub programs, $ t _ { i _ 1 } | t
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arxiv:1807.03144
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we prove conditional weak - strong uniqueness of the potential euler solution for external flow around a smooth body in three space dimensions, within the class of viscosity weak solutions with the same initial data. our sufficient condition is the vanishing of the streamwise component of the skin friction in the inviscid limit, somewhat weaker than the condition of bardos - titi in bounded domains. because global - in - time existence of the smooth potential solution leads back to the d ' alembert paradox, we argue that weak - strong uniqueness is not a valid criterion for " relevant " notions of generalized euler solution and that our condition is likely to be violated in the inviscid limit. we prove also that the drivas - nguyen condition on uniform continuity at the wall of the normal velocity component implies weak - strong uniqueness within the general class of admissible weak euler solutions in bounded domains.
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arxiv:2502.00993
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the visual dialogue task requires an agent to engage in a conversation about an image with a human. it represents an extension of the visual question answering task in that the agent needs to answer a question about an image, but it needs to do so in light of the previous dialogue that has taken place. the key challenge in visual dialogue is thus maintaining a consistent, and natural dialogue while continuing to answer questions correctly. we present a novel approach that combines reinforcement learning and generative adversarial networks ( gans ) to generate more human - like responses to questions. the gan helps overcome the relative paucity of training data, and the tendency of the typical mle - based approach to generate overly terse answers. critically, the gan is tightly integrated into the attention mechanism that generates human - interpretable reasons for each answer. this means that the discriminative model of the gan has the task of assessing whether a candidate answer is generated by a human or not, given the provided reason. this is significant because it drives the generative model to produce high quality answers that are well supported by the associated reasoning. the method also generates the state - of - the - art results on the primary benchmark.
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arxiv:1711.07613
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every quantum state can be represented as a probability distribution over the outcomes of an informationally complete measurement. but not all probability distributions correspond to quantum states. quantum state space may thus be thought of as a restricted subset of all potentially available probabilities. a recent publication [ 1 ] advocates such a representation using symmetric informationally complete ( sic ) measurements. building upon this work we study how this subset - - quantum - state space - - might be characterized. our leading characteristic is that the inner products of the probabilities are bounded, a simple condition with nontrivial consequences. to get quantum - state space something more detailed about the extreme points is needed. no definitive characterization is reached, but we see several new interesting features over those in [ 1 ], and all in conformity with quantum theory.
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arxiv:0910.2750
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we analyze the small - scale clustering in " megaz - lrg ", a large photometric - redshift catalogue of luminous red galaxies extracted from the imaging dataset of the sloan digital sky survey. megaz - lrg, presented in a companion paper, spans the redshift range 0. 4 < z < 0. 7 with an r. m. s. redshift error dz ~ 0. 03 ( 1 + z ), covering 5, 914 deg ^ 2 to map out a total cosmic volume 2. 5 h ^ - 3 gpc ^ 3. in this study we use 380, 000 photometric redshifts to measure significant deviations from the canonical power - law fit to the angular correlation function in a series of narrow redshift slices, in which we construct volume - limited samples. these deviations are direct signatures of the manner in which these galaxies populate the underlying network of dark matter haloes. we cleanly delineate the separate contributions of the " 1 - halo " and " 2 - halo " clustering terms and fit our measurements by parameterizing the halo occupation distribution n ( m ) of the galaxies. our results are successfully fit by a " central " galaxy contribution with a " soft " transition from zero to one galaxies, combined with a power - law " satellite " galaxy component, the slope of which is a strong function of galaxy luminosity. the large majority of galaxies are classified as central objects of their host dark matter haloes rather than satellites in more massive systems. the effective halo mass of megaz - lrg galaxies lies in the range log _ 10 ( m _ eff / h ^ - 1 m _ sol ) = 13. 61 - 13. 8 ( increasing with redshift, assuming large - scale normalization sigma _ 8 = 0. 8 ) for corresponding number densities in the range n _ g = 5. 03 - 0. 56 x 10 ^ - 4 h ^ 3 mpc ^ - 3. our results confirm the usefulness of the halo model for gaining physical insight into the patterns of galaxy clustering.
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arxiv:0704.3377
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an accurate energy efficiency analytical model based on a two - mode circuitry was recently proposed ; and the model showed that the use of this circuitry can significantly improve a system ' s energy efficiency. in this paper, we use this analytical model to develop a new power control scheme, a scheme that is capable of allocating a minimum transmission power precisely within the delay - outage probability constraint. precision brings substantial benefits as numerical results show that the energy efficiency using our scheme is much higher than other schemes. results further suggest that data rate values affect energy efficiency non - uniformly, i. e., there exists a specific data rate value that achieves maximum energy efficiency.
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arxiv:1802.09958
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we present quantitative measurements of the spatial density profile of bose - einstein condensates of sodium atoms confined in a new ' 4d ' magnetic bottle. the condensates are imaged in transmission with near resonant laser light. we demonstrate that the thomas - fermi surface of a condensate can be determined to better than 1 %. more generally, we obtain excellent agreement with mean - field theory. we conclude that precision measurements of atomic scattering lengths and interactions between phase separated cold atoms in a harmonic trap can be measured with high precision using this method.
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arxiv:cond-mat/9804278
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we introduce a novel time - homogeneous markov embedding of a class of time inhomogeneous markov chains widely used in the context of monte carlo sampling algorithms which allows us to answer one of the most basic, yet hard, question about the practical implementation of these techniques. we also show that this embedding sheds some light on the recent result of [ # maire - douc - olsson2013 ]. we discuss further applications of the technique.
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arxiv:1504.03467
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a one - dimensional lattice model with mosaic quasiperiodic potential is found to exhibit interesting localization properties, e. g., clear mobility edges [ y. wang et al., phys. rev. lett. \ textbf { 125 }, 196604 ( 2020 ) ]. we generalize this mosaic quasiperiodic model to a two - dimensional version, and numerically investigate its localization properties : the phase diagram from the fractal dimension of the wavefunction, the statistical and scaling properties of the conductance. compared with disordered systems, our model shares many common features but also exhibits some different characteristics in the same dimensionality and the same universality class. for example, the sharp peak at $ g \ sim 0 $ of the critical distribution and the large $ g $ limit of the universal scaling function $ \ beta $ resemble those behaviors of three - dimensional disordered systems.
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arxiv:2301.06279
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all - optical active plasmonic devices are of fundamental importance for designing efficient nanophotonic circuits. we theoretically propose and numerically investigate an active plasmonic device made up of a nonlinear epsilon - near - zero metamaterial slab of thickness smaller than 100 nanometers lying on a linear epsilon - near - zero metamaterial substrate. we predict that, in free - space coupling configuration, the device, operating at low - intensity, would display plasmon mediated hysteresis behavior since the phase difference between the reflected and the incident optical waves turns out to be multi - valued and dependent on the history of the excitation process. such an hysteresis behavior would allow to regard the proposed device as a compact memory unit whose state is accessible by measuring either the mentioned phase difference or the power, which is multi - valued as well, carried by the nonlinear plasmon wave. since multiple plasmon powers comprise both positive and negative values, the device would also operate as a switch of the plasmon power direction at each jump along an hysteresis loop.
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arxiv:1101.2541
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a minor error in the necessary conditions for the algebraic form of the lam \ ' e equation to have a finite projective monodromy group, and hence for it to have only algebraic solutions, is pointed out. [ see f. baldassarri, " on algebraic solutions of lam \ ' e ' s differential equation ", j. differential equations 41 ( 1981 ), 44 - 58. ] it is shown that if the group is the octahedral group s _ 4, then the degree parameter of the equation may differ by + 1 / 6 or - 1 / 6 from an integer ; this possibility was missed. the omission affects a recent result on the monodromy of the weierstrass form of the lam \ ' e equation. [ see r. c. churchill, " two - generator subgroups of sl ( 2, c ) and the hypergeometric, riemann, and lam \ ' e equations ", j. symbolic computation 28 ( 1999 ), 521 - 545. ] the weierstrass form, which is a differential equation on an elliptic curve, may have, after all, an octahedral projective monodromy group.
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arxiv:math/0206285
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despite widespread use in natural language processing ( nlp ) tasks, word embeddings have been criticized for inheriting unintended gender bias from training corpora. programmer is more closely associated with man and homemaker is more closely associated with woman. such gender bias has also been shown to propagate in downstream tasks.
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arxiv:2104.06973
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percolation of gold films of ~ 15 nm thickness was controlled to achieve the largest openings during au deposition. gold was evaporated on 300 - nm - thick films of nanostructured porous and columnar sio2, tio2 and mgf2 which were deposited by controlling the angle, rotation speed during film formation and ambient pressure. the gold films were tested for sers performance using thiophenol reporter molecules which form a stable self - assembled monolayer on gold. the phase retardation of these sers substrates was up to 5 % for wavelengths in the visible spectral range, as measured by stokes polarimetry. the sers intensity on gold percolation films can reach 10 ^ 3 counts / ( mw. s ) for tight focusing in air, while back - side excitation through the substrate has shown the presence of an additional sers enhancement via the fresnel near - field mechanism.
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arxiv:1603.08197
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we prove the existence of phase transitions in the global connectivity of the excursion sets of planar symmetric shot noise fields. our main result establishes a phase transition with respect to the level for shot noise fields with symmetric log - concave mark distributions, including gaussian, uniform, and laplace marks, and kernels that are positive, symmetric, and have sufficient tail decay. without the log - concavity assumption we prove a phase transition with respect to the intensity of positive marks.
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arxiv:1910.14504
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we consider the pointwise approximation of a subharmonic function by the logarithm of the modulus of an entire function up to a bounded quantity. in the case of finite order an estimate from below of the planar lebesgue measure of an exceptional set in such approximation is obtained.
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arxiv:1001.1123
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the microwave absorption r in the y - ba - cu - o single crystals was investigated near { t _ c \ approx 92 k } and in the external magnetic field { 0 < h \ leq 9 koe }. a modified esr spectrometer was used in the experiment. the method of temperature modulation, along with the usual method of magnetic - field modulation, was first applied in studying of the microwave response of these crystals. peaks in the temp erature dependencies of the signals { \ partial r } / { \ partial h } and { \ partial r } / { \ partial t } observed in the vicinity of { t _ c } were differently shaped and slightly shifted one with respect to another. the evolution of the peaks with variation of the magnetic field and angle { \ theta } between { \ bf h } and the { \ bf c } - axis was traced. it has been shown that the observed difference of the temperature dependencies of the derivatives { \ partial r } / { \ partial h } and { \ partial r } / { \ partial t } occures due to the field - induced broadening of the superconducting transition, which is inherent in the high - { t _ c } superconductors.
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arxiv:cond-mat/9810004
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in the paper " origami rings " by joe buhler et al. the authors investigate the so called origami rings. taking this paper as a starting point we find some further properties of these rings.
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arxiv:1502.07995
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in the classical setting, a convex polytope is said to be semiregular if its facets are regular and its symmetry group is transitive on vertices. this paper studies semiregular abstract polytopes, which have abstract regular facets, still with combinatorial automorphism group transitive on vertices. we analyze the structure of the automorphism group, focusing in particular on polytopes with two kinds of regular facets occurring in an " alternating " fashion. in particular we use group amalgamations to prove that given two compatible n - polytopes p and q, there exists a universal abstract semiregular ( n + 1 ) - polytope which is obtained by " freely " assembling alternate copies of p and q. we also employ modular reduction techniques to construct finite semiregular polytopes from reflection groups over finite fields.
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arxiv:1109.1337
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in this paper, we present a technique for estimating the geometry and reflectance of objects using only a camera, flashlight, and optionally a tripod. we propose a simple data capture technique in which the user goes around the object, illuminating it with a flashlight and capturing only a few images. our main technical contribution is the introduction of a recursive neural architecture, which can predict geometry and reflectance at 2 ^ { k } * 2 ^ { k } resolution given an input image at 2 ^ { k } * 2 ^ { k } and estimated geometry and reflectance from the previous step at 2 ^ { k - 1 } * 2 ^ { k - 1 }. this recursive architecture, termed recnet, is trained with 256x256 resolution but can easily operate on 1024x1024 images during inference. we show that our method produces more accurate surface normal and albedo, especially in regions of specular highlights and cast shadows, compared to previous approaches, given three or fewer input images. for the video and code, please visit the project website http : / / dlichy. github. io / shapeandmaterialathome /.
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arxiv:2104.06397
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probabilistic techniques are central to data analysis, but different approaches can be difficult to apply, combine, and compare. this paper introduces composable generative population models ( cgpms ), a computational abstraction that extends directed graphical models and can be used to describe and compose a broad class of probabilistic data analysis techniques. examples include hierarchical bayesian models, multivariate kernel methods, discriminative machine learning, clustering algorithms, dimensionality reduction, and arbitrary probabilistic programs. we also demonstrate the integration of cgpms into bayesdb, a probabilistic programming platform that can express data analysis tasks using a modeling language and a structured query language. the practical value is illustrated in two ways. first, cgpms are used in an analysis that identifies satellite data records which probably violate kepler ' s third law, by composing causal probabilistic programs with non - parametric bayes in under 50 lines of probabilistic code. second, for several representative data analysis tasks, we report on lines of code and accuracy measurements of various cgpms, plus comparisons with standard baseline solutions from python and matlab libraries.
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arxiv:1608.05347
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if $ q : y \ longrightarrow { b } $ is a fibration and $ z $ is a space, then the free range mapping space $ y! z $ has a collection of partial maps from $ y $ to $ z $ as underline space, i. e. those such maps whose domains are individual fibre of $ q $. it is shown in \ cite { p. booth6 } that these spaces have applications to several topics in homotopy theory. these such results are given in complete detail, concerning identification, cofibrations and sectioned fibrations. the necessary topological foundations for two none complicated applications, i. e. to the cohomology of fibrations and the classification of moore - postinikov systems, are given, and the applications themselves outlined. the usual argument is in the context of the usually category of all topological spaces, and this necessarily introduces some new problems. whenever we work with exponential laws for mapping spaces, in that category, we will usually find that we are forced to assume that some of the spaces are locally compact and hausdorff, which detracts considerable from the generality of the results obtained. in this paper we develop the corresponding theory in the category of compactly generated or k - spaces, which is free of the inconvenient assumptions referred to above. in particular, we obtain the k - space version of the applications to identifications, cofibrations and sectioned fibrations, and establish improved foundations for the k - versions of the other two applications, i. e. the cohomology of fibrations and a classification theory for moore - postnikov factorizations.
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arxiv:1403.6866
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optimal control problems with state distribution constraints have attracted interest for their expressivity, but solutions rely on linear approximations. we approach the problem of driving the state of a dynamical system in distribution from a sequential decision - making perspective. we formulate the optimal control problem as an appropriate markov decision process ( mdp ), where the actions correspond to the state - feedback control policies. we then solve the mdp using monte carlo tree search ( mcts ). this renders our method suitable for any dynamics model. a key component of our approach is a novel, easy to compute, distance metric in the distribution space that allows our algorithm to guide the distribution of the state. we experimentally test our algorithm under both linear and nonlinear dynamics.
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arxiv:2412.06220
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asymmetric causality tests are increasingly gaining popularity in different scientific fields. this approach corresponds better to reality since logical reasons behind asymmetric behavior exist and need to be considered in empirical investigations. hatemi - j ( 2012 ) introduced the asymmetric causality tests via partial cumulative sums for positive and negative components of the variables operating within the vector autoregressive ( var ) model. however, since the residuals across the equations in the var model are not independent, the ordinary least squares method for estimating the parameters is not efficient. additionally, asymmetric causality tests mean having different causal parameters ( i. e., for positive or negative components ), thus, it is crucial to assess not only if these causal parameters are individually statistically significant, but also if their difference is statistically significant. consequently, tests of difference between estimated causal parameters should explicitly be conducted, which are neglected in the existing literature. the purpose of the current paper is to deal with these issues explicitly. an application is provided, and ten different hypotheses pertinent to the asymmetric causal interaction between two largest financial markets worldwide are efficiently tested within a multivariate setting.
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arxiv:2408.03137
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adaptive control technique is adopted to synchronize two identical non - autonomous systems with unknown parameters in finite time. a virtual unknown parameter is introduced in order to avoid the unknown parameters from appearing in the controllers and parameters update laws. the duffing equation and a gyrostat system are chosen as the numerical examples to show the validity of the present method.
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arxiv:0911.0457
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the creator of the universe could place a message on the most cosmic of all billboards, the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) sky. it was proposed by hsu & zee ( 2006 ) to to search for such a message in the cmb angular power spectrum. i process the temperature measurements taken by the planck and wmap satellites and extract the binary bit - stream. i estimate the information content of a potential message in the stream as about 1, 000 bits. the universality of the message may be limited by the observer - dependent location in space and the finite observation time of order 100 bn years after the big bang. i find no meaningful message in the actual bit - stream, but include it at the end of the manuscript for the interested reader to scrutinize.
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arxiv:2011.14435
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we present the results of searches for gravitational waves from a large selection of pulsars using data from the most recent science runs ( s6, vsr2 and vsr4 ) of the initial generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors ligo ( laser interferometric gravitational - wave observatory ) and virgo. we do not see evidence for gravitational wave emission from any of the targeted sources but produce upper limits on the emission amplitude. we highlight the results from seven young pulsars with large spin - down luminosities. we reach within a factor of five of the canonical spin - down limit for all seven of these, whilst for the crab and vela pulsars we further surpass their spin - down limits. we present new or updated limits for 172 other pulsars ( including both young and millisecond pulsars ). now that the detectors are undergoing major upgrades, and, for completeness, we bring together all of the most up - to - date results from all pulsars searched for during the operations of the first - generation ligo, virgo and geo600 detectors. this gives a total of 195 pulsars including the most recent results described in this paper.
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arxiv:1309.4027
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the information loss paradox is often discussed from the perspective of the observers who stay outside of a black hole. however, the interior spacetime of a black hole can be rather nontrivial. we discuss the open problems regarding the volume of a black hole, and whether it plays any role in information storage. we also emphasize the importance of resolving the black hole singularity, if one were to resolve the information loss paradox.
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arxiv:1602.04395
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we present dynamical modeling of the broad line region ( blr ) for a sample of five seyfert 1 galaxies using reverberation mapping data taken by the lick agn monitoring project in 2008. by modeling the agn continuum light curve and h $ \ beta $ line profiles directly we are able to constrain the geometry and kinematics of the blr and make a measurement of the black hole mass that does not depend upon the virial factor, $ f $, needed in traditional reverberation mapping analysis. we find that the geometry of the blr is generally a thick disk viewed close to face - on. while the h $ \ beta $ emission is found to come preferentially from the far side of the blr, the mean size of the blr is consistent with the lags measured with cross - correlation analysis. the blr kinematics are found to be consistent with either inflowing motions or elliptical orbits, often with some combination of the two. we measure black hole masses of $ \ log _ { 10 } ( m _ { \ rm \, bh } / m _ \ odot ) = 6. 62 ^ { + 0. 10 } _ { - 0. 13 } $ for arp 151, $ 7. 42 ^ { + 0. 26 } _ { - 0. 27 } $ for mrk 1310, $ 7. 51 ^ { + 0. 23 } _ { - 0. 14 } $ for ngc 5548, $ 6. 42 ^ { + 0. 24 } _ { - 0. 18 } $ for ngc 6814, and $ 6. 99 ^ { + 0. 32 } _ { - 0. 25 } $ for sbs 1116 + 583a. the $ f $ factors measured individually for each agn are found to correlate with inclination angle, although not with $ m _ { \ rm \, bh } $, $ l _ { 5100 } $, or fwhm / $ \ sigma $ of the emission line profile.
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arxiv:1311.6475
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understanding the complexity of fragmentation processes is essential for regulating intercellular communication in mechanistic biology and developing novel bottom - up approaches in a large range of multiphase flow processes. in this context, self - fragmentation proceeds without any external mechanical energy input allowing one to create efficiently micro - and nanodroplets. here we examine self - fragmentation in emulsion nanodroplets stabilized by solid particles with different surface features. mesoscopic modelling and accelerated dynamics simulations allow us to overcome the limitations of atomistic simulations and offer detailed insight into the interplay between the evolution of the droplet shape and the particle finite - sized effects at the interface. we show that finite - sized nanoparticles play an active role in the necking breakup, behaving like nano - scale razors, and affect strongly the thermodynamic properties of the system. the role played by the particles during self - fragmentation might be of relevance to multifunctional biomaterial design and tuning of signaling pathways in mechanistic biology.
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arxiv:1905.02826
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we introduce a first - order quantum - phase - transition model, which exhibits giant sensitivity $ \ chi \ propto n ^ 2 $ at the critical point. exploiting this effect, we propose a quantum critical detector ( qcd ) to amplify weak input signals. the time - dynamic qcd functions by triggering a first - order dynamical quantum phase transition in a system of spins with long - range interactions coupled to a bosonic mode. we numerically demonstrate features of the dynamical quantum phase transition, which leads to a time - dependent quantum gain. we also show the linear scaling with the spin number $ n $ in both the quantum gain and the corresponding signal - to - quantum noise ratio of this qcd. our qcd can be a resource for metrology, weak signal amplification, and single photon detection.
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arxiv:1807.04617
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synchronization of mobile oscillators occurs in numerous contexts, including physical, chemical, biological and engineered systems. in vertebrate embryonic development, a segmental body structure is generated by a population of mobile oscillators. cells in this population produce autonomous gene expression rhythms, and interact with their neighbors through local signaling. these cells form an extended tissue where frequency and cell mobility gradients coexist. gene expression kinematic waves travel through this tissue and pattern the segment boundaries. it has been shown that oscillator mobility promotes global synchronization. however, in vertebrate segment formation, mobility may also introduce local fluctuations in kinematic waves and impair segment boundaries. here we derive a general framework for mobile oscillators that relates local mobility fluctuations to synchronization dynamics and pattern robustness. we formulate a statistical description of mobile phase oscillators in terms of a probability density. we obtain and solve diffusion equations for the average phase and variance, revealing the relationship between local fluctuations and global synchronization in a homogeneous population of oscillators. analysis of the probability density for large mobility identifies a mean - field transition, where locally coupled oscillators start behaving as if each oscillator was coupled with all the others. we extend the statistical description to inhomogeneous systems to address the gradients present in the vertebrate segmenting tissue. the theory relates pattern stability to mobility, coupling and pattern wavelength. the general approach of the statistical description may be applied to mobile oscillators in other contexts, as well as to other patterning systems where mobility is present.
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arxiv:2406.10936
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we are interested in the optimal scheduling of a collection of multi - component application jobs in an edge computing system that consists of geo - distributed edge computing nodes connected through a wide area network. the scheduling and placement of application jobs in an edge system is challenging due to the interdependence of multiple components of each job, and the communication delays between the geographically distributed data sources and edge nodes and their dynamic availability. in this paper we explore the feasibility of applying deep reinforcement learning ( drl ) based design to address these challenges. we introduce a drl actor - critic algorithm that aims to find an optimal scheduling policy to minimize average job slowdown in the edge system. we have demonstrated through simulations that our design outperforms a few existing algorithms, based on both synthetic data and a google cloud data trace.
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arxiv:1908.10290
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we study the arithmetic properties of weierstrass points on the modular curves $ x _ 0 ^ + ( p ) $ for primes $ p $. in particular, we obtain a relationship between the weierstrass points on $ x _ 0 ^ + ( p ) $ and the $ j $ - invariants of supersingular elliptic curves in characteristic $ p $.
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arxiv:1702.05131
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for every uncountable regular $ \ kappa $, we give two examples of proper posets which turn improper in some $ \ kappa $ - closed forcing extension.
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arxiv:1904.11168
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the combination of ever more precise radio timing data and serendipitous { \ it hst } data has confirmed that the outer companion to psr b1620 $ - $ 26 is a planet. here we summarize the observational situation, including preliminary new timing solutions and the implications of the measured system parameters. we detail the proposed formation scenarios, discussing the advantages and problems of each for explaining the origin of the triple, and we speculate on some of the implications for planet formation in the early universe. future data on this system will provide additional constraints on fundamental modes of planet formation. we predict that many more exchanged planets will be discovered orbiting recycled pulsars in globular clusters as the sensitivity and duration of radio timing increases. strong observational tests of some of the alternative formation models should be possible with additional data.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0404538
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this is an empirical study to investigate the impact of scanner effects when using machine learning on multi - site neuroimaging data. we utilize structural t1 - weighted brain mri obtained from two different studies, cam - can and uk biobank. for the purpose of our investigation, we construct a dataset consisting of brain scans from 592 age - and sex - matched individuals, 296 subjects from each original study. our results demonstrate that even after careful pre - processing with state - of - the - art neuroimaging pipelines a classifier can easily distinguish between the origin of the data with very high accuracy. our analysis on the example application of sex classification suggests that current approaches to harmonize data are unable to remove scanner - specific bias leading to overly optimistic performance estimates and poor generalization. we conclude that multi - site data harmonization remains an open challenge and particular care needs to be taken when using such data with advanced machine learning methods for predictive modelling.
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arxiv:1910.04597
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i examine global dynamics in a monetary model with overlapping generations of finite - horizon agents and a binding lower bound on nominal interest rates. debt targeting rules exacerbate the possibility of self - fulfilling liquidity traps, for agents expect austerity following deflationary slumps. conversely, activist but sustainable fiscal policy regimes - implementing intertemporally balanced tax cuts and / or transfer increases in response to disinflationary trajectories - are capable of escaping liquidity traps and embarking inflation into a globally stable path that converges to the target. should fiscal stimulus of last resort be overly aggressive, however, spiral dynamics around the liquidity - trap steady state exist, causing global indeterminacy.
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arxiv:2104.02753
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scientific workflows are often represented as directed acyclic graphs ( dags ), where vertices correspond to tasks and edges represent the dependencies between them. since these graphs are often large in both the number of tasks and their resource requirements, it is important to schedule them efficiently on parallel or distributed compute systems. typically, each task requires a certain amount of memory to be executed and needs to communicate data to its successor tasks. the goal is thus to execute the workflow as fast as possible ( i. e., to minimize its makespan ) while satisfying the memory constraints. hence, we investigate the partitioning and mapping of dag - shaped workflows onto heterogeneous platforms where each processor can have a different speed and a different memory size. we first propose a baseline algorithm in the absence of existing memory - aware solutions. as our main contribution, we then present a four - step heuristic. its first step is to partition the input dag into smaller blocks with an existing dag partitioner. the next two steps adapt the resulting blocks of the dag to fit the processor memories and optimize for the overall makespan by further splitting and merging these blocks. finally, we use local search via block swaps to further improve the makespan. our experimental evaluation on real - world and simulated workflows with up to 30, 000 tasks shows that exploiting the heterogeneity with the four - step heuristic reduces the makespan by a factor of 2. 44 on average ( even more on large workflows ), compared to the baseline that ignores heterogeneity.
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arxiv:2407.09077
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as deep learning models and datasets rapidly scale up, network training is extremely time - consuming and resource - costly. instead of training on the entire dataset, learning with a small synthetic dataset becomes an efficient solution. extensive research has been explored in the direction of dataset condensation, among which gradient matching achieves state - of - the - art performance. the gradient matching method directly targets the training dynamics by matching the gradient when training on the original and synthetic datasets. however, there are limited deep investigations into the principle and effectiveness of this method. in this work, we delve into the gradient matching method from a comprehensive perspective and answer the critical questions of what, how, and where to match. we propose to match the multi - level gradients to involve both intra - class and inter - class gradient information. we demonstrate that the distance function should focus on the angle, considering the magnitude simultaneously to delay the overfitting. an overfitting - aware adaptive learning step strategy is also proposed to trim unnecessary optimization steps for algorithmic efficiency improvement. ablation and comparison experiments demonstrate that our proposed methodology shows superior accuracy, efficiency, and generalization compared to prior work.
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arxiv:2208.00311
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it is argued that a nonsingular elliptic curve admits a natural or fundamental abelian heap structure uniquely determined by the curve itself. it is shown that the set of complex analytic or rational functions from a nonsingular elliptic curve to itself is a truss arising from endomorphisms of this heap.
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arxiv:2209.05065
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bootstrap percolation on an arbitrary graph has a random initial configuration, where each vertex is occupied with probability p, independently of each other, and a deterministic spreading rule with a fixed parameter k : if a vacant site has at least k occupied neighbors at a certain time step, then it becomes occupied in the next step. this process is well - studied on z ^ d ; here we investigate it on regular and general infinite trees and on non - amenable cayley graphs. the critical probability is the infimum of those values of p for which the process achieves complete occupation with positive probability. on general trees, we find the following discontinuity : if the branching number of a tree is strictly smaller than k, then the critical probability is 1, while it is 1 - 1 / k on the k - ary tree. a related result is that in any rooted tree t, there is a way of erasing k children of the root, together with all their descendants, and repeating this for all remaining children, and so on, such that the remaining tree t ' has branching number \ br ( t ' ) \ leq \ max ( \ br ( t ) - k, 0 ). we also prove that on any 2k - regular non - amenable graph, the critical probability for the k - rule is strictly positive.
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arxiv:math/0311125
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the present paper is a report on joint work with alessandro languasco and alberto perelli on our recent investigations on the selberg integral and its connections to montgomery ' s pair - correlation function. we introduce a more general form of the selberg integral and connect it to a new pair - correlation function, emphasising its relations to the distribution of prime numbers in short intervals.
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arxiv:1603.02952
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we consider the generalized thue - morse sequences $ ( t _ n ^ { ( c ) } ) _ { n \ ge 0 } $ ( $ c \ in [ 0, 1 ) $ being a parameter ) defined by $ t _ n ^ { ( c ) } = e ^ { 2 \ pi i c s _ 2 ( n ) } $, where $ s _ 2 ( n ) $ is the sum of digits of the binary expansion of $ n $. for the polynomials $ \ sigma _ { n } ^ { ( c ) } ( x ) : = \ sum _ { n = 0 } ^ { n - 1 } t _ n ^ { ( c ) } e ^ { 2 \ pi i n x } $, we have proved in [ 18 ] that the uniform norm $ \ | \ sigma _ n ^ { ( c ) } \ | _ \ infty $ behaves like $ n ^ { \ gamma ( c ) } $ and the best exponent $ \ gamma ( c ) $ is computed. in this paper, we study the pointwise behavior and give a complete multifractal analysis of the limit $ \ lim _ { n \ to \ infty } n ^ { - 1 } \ log | \ sigma _ { 2 ^ n } ^ { ( c ) } ( x ) | $.
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arxiv:2212.13234
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in this paper, we consider critical maps of a horizontal energy functional for maps from a sub - riemannian manifold to a riemannian manifold. these critical maps are referred to as subelliptic harmonic maps. in terms of the subelliptic harmonic map heat flow, we investigate the existence problem for subelliptic harmonic maps. under the assumption that the target riemannian manifold has non - positive sectional curvature, we prove some eells - sampson type existence results for this flow when the source manifold is either a step - 2 sub - riemannian manifold or a step - r sub - riemannian manifold whose sub - riemannian structure comes from a tense riemannian foliation. finally, some hartman type results are also established for the flow.
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arxiv:1903.04702
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we analyse basic thermal cloaks designed via different geometric transforms applied to thermal cloaking. we evaluate quantitatively the efficiency of these heterogeneous anisotropic thermal cloaks through the calculation of the standard deviation of the isotherms. the study addresses the frequency regime and we point out the cloak ' s spectral efficiencies. we find that all these cloaks have comparable efficiency irrespective of whether or not they have singular conductivity at their inner boundary. however, approximate cloaking with multi - layered cloak critically depends upon the homogenization algorithm and a large number of thin layers ( at least fifty ) is required to reduce substantially the standard deviation of the isotherms.
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arxiv:1409.2991
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an rpc carpet covering about 10 ^ 4 m ^ 2 ( argo - ybj experiment ) will be installed in the yangbajing laboratory ( tibet, p. r. china ) at an altitude of 4300 m a. s. l.. a test - module of about 50 m ^ 2 has been put in operation in this laboratory and about 10 ^ 6 air shower events have been collected. the carpet capability of reconstructing the shower features is presented.
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arxiv:astro-ph/9906183
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this short note presents a new formal language, lambda dependency - based compositional semantics ( lambda dcs ) for representing logical forms in semantic parsing. by eliminating variables and making existential quantification implicit, lambda dcs logical forms are generally more compact than those in lambda calculus.
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arxiv:1309.4408
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