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we investigate the time evolution of the thermopower in a vibrating quantum dot suddenly shifted into the kondo regime via a gate voltage by adopting the time - dependent non - crossing approximation and linear response onsager relations. behaviour of the instantaneous thermopower is studied for a range of temperatures both in zero and strong electron - phonon coupling. we argue that inverse of the saturation value of decay time of thermopower to its steady state value might be an alternative tool in determination of the kondo temperature and the value of the electron - phonon coupling strength.
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arxiv:1207.6054
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we consider an extended korteweg - de vries ( ekdv ) equation, the usual korteweg - de vries equation with inclusion of an additional cubic nonlinearity. we investigate the statistical behaviour of flat - top solitary waves described by an ekdv equation in the presence of weak dissipative disorder in the linear growth / damping term. with the weak disorder in the system, the amplitude of solitary wave randomly fluctuates during evolution. we demonstrate numerically that the probability density function of a solitary wave parameter $ \ kappa $ which characterizes the soliton amplitude exhibits loglognormal divergence near the maximum possible $ \ kappa $ value.
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arxiv:0908.2152
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we calculate the lambda - nucleon scattering phase shifts and mixing angles by applying time - ordered perturbation theory to the manifestly lorentz - invariant formulation of su ( 3 ) baryon chiral perturbation theory. scattering amplitudes are obtained by solving the corresponding coupled - channel integral equations that have a milder ultraviolet behavior compared to their non - relativistic analogs. this allows us to consider the removed cutoff limit in our leading - order calculations also in the $ ^ 3p _ 0 $ and $ ^ 3p _ 1 $ partial waves. we find that, in the framework we are using, at least some part of the higher - order contributions to the baryon - baryon potential in these channels needs to be treated nonperturbatively and demonstrate how this can be achieved in a way consistent with quantum field theoretical renormalization for the leading contact interactions. we compare our results with the ones of the non - relativistic approach and lattice qcd phase shifts obtained for non - physical pion masses.
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arxiv:1911.05616
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main sequence stars hosting extreme quantities of inner planetary system debris are likely experiencing transient dust production events. the nature of these events, if they can be unambiguously attributed to a single process, can potentially inform us on the formation and / or early evolution of rocky earth - like planets. in this contribution i examine some of the dustiest main sequence stars known and three processes that may be capable of reproducing their observed properties. through this activity i also make an estimate for the likelihood of an a - type star to have an asteroid belt - like planetesimal population.
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arxiv:1509.05726
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in this study, we propose an over - the - air computation ( aircomp ) scheme for federated edge learning ( feel ) without channel state information ( csi ) at the edge devices ( eds ) or the edge server ( es ). the proposed scheme relies on non - coherent communication techniques for achieving distributed training by majority vote ( mv ). in this work, the votes, i. e., the signs of the local gradients, from the eds are represented with the pulse - position modulation ( ppm ) symbols constructed with discrete fourier transform ( dft ) - spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( ofdm ) ( dft - s - ofdm ). by taking the delay spread and time - synchronization errors into account, the mv at the es is obtained with an energy detector. hence, the proposed scheme does not require csi at the eds and es. we also prove the convergence of the distributed training when the mv is obtained with the proposed scheme under fading channel. through simulations, we show that the proposed scheme provides a high test accuracy in fading channels while resulting in lower peak - to - mean envelope power ratio ( pmepr ) symbols.
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arxiv:2112.13439
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the density functional theory of nuclear structure provides a many - particle wave function that is useful for static properties, but an extension of the theory is necessary to describe correlation effects or other dynamic properties. here we propose a procedure to extend the theory by mapping the properties of the self - consistent mean - field hamiltonian onto an effective shell - model hamiltonian with two - body interactions. in this initial study, we consider the sd - shell nuclei ne - 20, mg - 24, si - 28, and ar - 36. our first application is in the framework of the usd shell - model hamiltonian, using its mean - field approximation to construct an effective hamiltonian and partially recover correlation effects. we find that more than half of the correlation energy is due to the quadrupole interaction. we then follow a similar procedure but using the sly4 skyrme energy functional as our starting point and truncating the space to the spherical $ sd $ shell. the constructed shell - model hamiltonian is found to satisfy minimal consistency requirements to reproduce the properties of the mean - field solution. the quadrupolar correlation energies computed with the mapped hamiltonian are reasonable compared with those computed by other methods.
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arxiv:nucl-th/0512031
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a partial - wave analysis of nn elastic scattering data has been updated to include a number of recent measurements. experiments carried out at the cooler synchrotron ( cosy ) by the edda collaboration have had a significant impact above 1 gev. results are discussed in terms of the partial - wave and direct - reconstruction amplitudes.
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arxiv:0706.2195
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the balitsky - kovchegov ( bk ) evolution equation is an equation derived from perturbative quantum chromodynamics that allows one to calculate the scattering amplitude of a pair of quark and antiquark off a hadron target, called the dipole amplitude, as a function of the collision energy. the initial condition, being a non - perturbative object, usually has to be modeled separately. typically, the model contains several tunable parameters that are determined by fitting to experimental data. in this contribution, we propose an implementation of the bk solver using differentiable programming. automatic differentiation offers the possibility that the first and second derivatives of the amplitude with respect to the initial condition parameters are automatically calculated at all stages of the simulation. this fact should considerably facilitate and speed up the fitting step. moreover, in the context of transverse momentum dis - tributions ( tmd ), we demonstrate that automatic differentiation can be used to obtain the first and second derivatives of the amplitude with respect to the quark - antiquark separation. these derivatives can be used to relate various tmd functions to the dipole amplitude. our c + + code for the solver, which is available in a public repository [ 1 ], includes the balitsky one - loop running coupling prescription and the kinematic constraint. this version of the bk equation is widely used in the small - x evolution framework.
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arxiv:2411.12739
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unpaired video - to - video translation aims to translate videos between a source and a target domain without the need of paired training data, making it more feasible for real applications. unfortunately, the translated videos generally suffer from temporal and semantic inconsistency. to address this, many existing works adopt spatiotemporal consistency constraints incorporating temporal information based on motion estimation. however, the inaccuracies in the estimation of motion deteriorate the quality of the guidance towards spatiotemporal consistency, which leads to unstable translation. in this work, we propose a novel paradigm that regularizes the spatiotemporal consistency by synthesizing motions in input videos with the generated optical flow instead of estimating them. therefore, the synthetic motion can be applied in the regularization paradigm to keep motions consistent across domains without the risk of errors in motion estimation. thereafter, we utilize our unsupervised recycle and unsupervised spatial loss, guided by the pseudo - supervision provided by the synthetic optical flow, to accurately enforce spatiotemporal consistency in both domains. experiments show that our method is versatile in various scenarios and achieves state - of - the - art performance in generating temporally and semantically consistent videos. code is available at : https : / / github. com / wangkaihong / unsup _ recycle _ gan /.
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arxiv:2201.05723
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in a recent paper, cohl and costas - santos derived a number of interesting multi - derivative and multi - integral relations for associated legendre and ferrers functions in which the orders of those functions are changed in integral steps. these are of potential use in a number of physical problems. we show here how their results can be derived simply from more general relations involving non - integer changes in the order obtained using the fractional group operator methods developed earlier for so ( 2, 1 ), e ( 2, 1 ) and its conformal extension, and so ( 3 ). we also present general integral relations for fractional changes of the degrees of the functions, and related multi - derivative and multi - integral representations.
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arxiv:2108.04339
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we propose a numerical method to approximate the value function for the optimal stopping problem of a piecewise deterministic markov process ( pdmp ). our approach is based on quantization of the post jump location - - - inter - arrival time markov chain naturally embedded in the pdmp, and path - adapted time discretization grids. it allows us to derive bounds for the convergence rate of the algorithm and to provide a computable $ \ epsilon $ - optimal stopping time. the paper is illustrated by a numerical example.
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arxiv:0903.2114
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in this paper we study the navier - stokes equations with a navier - type boundary condition that has been proposed as an alternative to common near wall models. the boundary condition we study, involving a linear relation between the tangential part of the velocity and the tangential part of the cauchy stress - vector, is related to the vorticity seeding model introduced in the computational approach to turbulent flows. the presence of a point - wise non vanishing normal flux may be considered as a tool to avoid the use of phenomenological near wall models, in the boundary layer region. furthermore, the analysis of the problem is suggested by recent advances in the study of large eddy simulation. in the two dimensional case we prove existence and uniqueness of weak solutions, by using rather elementary tools, hopefully understandable also by applied people working on turbulent flows. the asymptotic behaviour of the solution, with respect to the averaging radius $ \ delta, $ is also studied. in particular, we prove convergence of the solutions toward the corresponding solutions of the navier - stokes equations with the usual no - slip boundary conditions, as the small parameter $ \ delta $ goes to zero.
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arxiv:math/0408032
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spontaneous polarization and bulk photovoltaic effect ( bpve ) are two concomitant physical properties in ferroelectric materials. the flipping of ferroelectric order usually accompanies with the switching of bpve as both of them are reversed under the inversion symmetry. in this study, we report the distinctive bpve characters in two - dimensional ( 2d ) interlayer sliding ferroelectric materials featuring unswitchable in - plane bpve ( light - induced photocurrent in the xy plane ) and switchable out - of - plane bpve ( light - induced polarization along the z - direction ). symmetry analysis within abstract bilayer crystal model and first - principles calculations validate these bpve properties. it is because the positive and negative ferroelectric states caused by interlayer sliding are related by mirror symmetry which cannot flip all the bpve tensor elements. this finding extends the understanding of the relationship between ferroelectricity and bpve. on one hand, the switchable out - of - plane bpve can be used to design switchable photoelectric devices. on the other hand, the in - plane bpve is robust against the ferroelectric flipping, and the unswitchable character is beneficial to construct larger - scale photoelectric devices.
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arxiv:2201.04980
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we present 2. 5 - 5. 0 $ \ mu $ m spectra of 83 nearby ( $ 0. 002 \, < \, z \, < \, 0. 48 $ ) and bright ( $ k < 14 $ mag ) type - 1 active galactic nuclei ( agns ) taken with the infrared camera ( irc ) on board $ \ it { akari } $. the 2. 5 - 5. 0 $ \ mu $ m spectral region contains emission lines such as br $ \ beta $ ( 2. 63 $ \ mu $ m ), br $ \ alpha $ ( 4. 05 $ \ mu $ m ), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pah ; 3. 3 $ \ mu $ m ), which can be used for studying the black hole ( bh ) masses and star formation activities in the host galaxies of agns. the spectral region also suffers less dust extinction than in the ultra violet ( uv ) or optical wavelengths, which may provide an unobscured view of dusty agns. our sample is selected from bright quasar surveys of palomar - green ( pg ) and snuqso, and agns with reverberation - mapped bh masses from peterson et al. ( 2004 ). using 11 agns with reliable detection of brackett lines, we derive the brackett - line - based bh mass estimators. we also find that the observed brackett line ratios can be explained with the commonly adopted physical conditions of the broad line region ( blr ). moreover, we fit the hot and warm dust components of the dust torus by adding photometric data of sdss, 2mass, $ \ it { wise } $, and $ \ it { iso } $ to the $ \ it { akari } $ spectra, finding hot and warm dust temperatures of $ \ sim1100 \, \ rm { k } $ and $ \ sim220 \, \ rm { k } $, respectively, rather than the commonly cited hot dust temperature of 1500 k.
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arxiv:1503.04925
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exotic ni isotopes have been measured at the r3b - land setup at gsi in darmstadt, using coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics at beam energies around 500 mev / u. as the experimental setup allows kinematically complete measurements, the excitation energy was reconstructed using the invariant mass method. the gdr and additional low - lying strength have been observed in 68ni, the latter exhausting 4. 1 ( 1. 9 ) % of the e1 energy - weighted sum rule. also, the branching ratio for the non - statistical decay of the excited 68ni nuclei was measured and amounts to 24 ( 4 ) %.
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arxiv:1209.1024
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the high - luminosity upgrade of the lhc brings unprecedented requirements for real - time and precision bunch - by - bunch online luminosity measurement and beam - induced background monitoring. a key component of the cms beam radiation, instrumentation and luminosity system is a stand - alone luminometer, the fast beam condition monitor ( fbcm ), which is fully independent from the cms central trigger and data acquisition services and able to operate at all times with a triggerless readout. fbcm utilizes a dedicated front - end application - specific integrated circuit ( asic ) to amplify the signals from co $ _ 2 $ - cooled silicon - pad sensors with a timing resolution of a few nanoseconds, which enables the measurement of the beam - induced background. fbcm uses a modular design with two half - disks of twelve modules at each end of cms, with four service modules placed close to the outer edge to reduce radiation - induced aging. the electronics system design adapts several components from the cms tracker for power, control and read - out functionalities. the dedicated fbcm23 asic contains six channels and adjustable shaping time to optimize the noise with regards to sensor leakage current. each asic channel outputs a single binary high - speed asynchronous signal carrying time - of - arrival and time - over - threshold information. the chip output signal is digitized, encoded and sent via a radiation - hard gigabit transceiver and an optical link to the back - end electronics for analysis. this paper reports on the updated design of the fbcm detector and the ongoing testing program.
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arxiv:2402.03971
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in two dimensional fluid, there are only two classes of swimming ways of micro - organisms, { \ it i. e. }, ciliated and flagellated motions. towards understanding of this fact, we analyze the swimming problem by using $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ and / or $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ algebras. in the study of the relationship between these two algebras, there appear the wave functions expressing the shape of micro - organisms. in order to construct the well - defined quantum mechanics based on $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ algebra and the wave functions, essentially only two different kinds of the definitions are allowed on the hermitian conjugate and the inner products of the wave functions. these two definitions are related with the shapes of ciliates and flagellates. the formulation proposed in this paper using $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ algebra and the wave functions is the quantum mechanics of the fluid dynamics where the stream function plays the role of the hamiltonian. we also consider the area - preserving algebras which arise in the swimming problem of micro - organisms in the two dimensional fluid. these algebras are larger than the usual $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ and $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ algebras. we give a free field representation of this extended $ w _ { 1 + \ infty } $ algebra.
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arxiv:hep-th/9409164
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spiking neural networks ( snns ) have garnered interest due to their energy efficiency and superior effectiveness on neuromorphic chips compared with traditional artificial neural networks ( anns ). one of the mainstream approaches to implementing deep snns is the ann - snn conversion, which integrates the efficient training strategy of anns with the energy - saving potential and fast inference capability of snns. however, under extreme low - latency conditions, the existing conversion theory suggests that the problem of misrepresentation of residual membrane potentials in snns, i. e., the inability of if neurons with a reset - by - subtraction mechanism to respond to residual membrane potentials beyond the range from resting potential to threshold, leads to a performance gap in the converted snns compared to the original anns. this severely limits the possibility of practical application of snns on delay - sensitive edge devices. existing conversion methods addressing this problem usually involve modifying the state of the conversion spiking neurons. however, these methods do not consider their adaptability and compatibility with neuromorphic chips. we propose a new approach based on explicit modeling of residual errors as additive noise. the noise is incorporated into the activation function of the source ann, which effectively reduces the residual error. our experiments on the cifar10 / 100 dataset verify that our approach exceeds the prevailing ann - snn conversion methods and directly trained snns concerning accuracy and the required time steps. overall, our method provides new ideas for improving snn performance under ultra - low - latency conditions and is expected to promote practical neuromorphic hardware applications for further development.
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arxiv:2404.17456
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in this paper, we carry on an investigation of the semileptonic decays $ b _ s \ to d _ s ^ * \ ell \ bar \ nu _ { \ ell } $. firstly, we derive the moments of the $ d _ s ^ * $ - meson longitudinal leading - twist light - cone distribution amplitude ( lcda ) based on qcd sum rules within background field theory framework. considering the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension - six, its first ten non - zero $ \ xi $ - moments are given. meanwhile, we construct the $ d _ s ^ * $ - meson longitudinal leading - twist lcda by using the light - cone harmonic oscillator model. then, using those moments, we fix the model parameters $ \ alpha _ { 2 ; d _ s ^ * } $ and $ b _ 1 ^ { 2 ; d _ s ^ * } $ by the least square method and apply them to calculate $ b _ s \ to d _ s ^ * $ transition form factors $ a _ 1 ( q ^ 2 ), a _ 2 ( q ^ 2 ) $ and $ v ( q ^ 2 ) $ that are derived by using the qcd light - cone sum rules. at the large recoil region, we obtain $ a _ 1 ( 0 ) = 0. 632 _ { - 0. 135 } ^ { + 0. 228 }, a _ 2 ( 0 ) = 0. 706 _ { - 0. 092 } ^ { + 0. 109 } $ and $ v ( 0 ) = 0. 647 _ { - 0. 069 } ^ { + 0. 076 } $. those form factors are then extrapolated to the allowed whole physical $ q ^ 2 $ - region through the simplified series expansion. finally, we obtain the branching fractions for the two decay channels $ b _ s \ to d _ s ^ * \ ell \ bar \ nu _ \ ell $, $ \ it i. e. $ $ { \ cal b } ( b _ s ^ 0 \ to d _ s ^ { * + } e ^ - \ bar \ nu _ e ) = ( 5. 45 _ { - 1. 57 } ^ { + 2. 15 } ) \ times 10 ^ { - 2 } $, $ { \ cal b } ( b _ s ^ 0 \ to d _ s ^ { * + } \ mu ^ - \ bar \ nu
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arxiv:2503.06365
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the elliptic monge - amp \ ` ere equation is a fully nonlinear partial differential equation that originated in geometric surface theory and has been applied in dynamic meteorology, elasticity, geometric optics, image processing and image registration. solutions can be singular, in which case standard numerical approaches fail. novel solution methods are required for stability and convergence to the weak ( viscosity ) solution. in this article we build a wide stencil finite difference discretization for the \ ma equation. the scheme is monotone, so the barles - souganidis theory allows us to prove that the solution of the scheme converges to the unique viscosity solution of the equation. solutions of the scheme are found using a damped newton ' s method. we prove convergence of newton ' s method and provide a systematic method to determine a starting point for the newton iteration. computational results are presented in two and three dimensions, which demonstrates the speed and accuracy of the method on a number of exact solutions, which range in regularity from smooth to non - differentiable.
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arxiv:1007.0765
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this paper presents a simple primal dual method named dpd which is a flexible framework for a class of saddle point problem with or without strongly convex component. the presented method has linearized version named ldpd and exact version edpd. each iteration of dpd updates sequentially the dual and primal variable via simple proximal mapping and refines the dual variable via extrapolation. convergence analysis with smooth or strongly convex primal component recovers previous state - of - the - art results, and that with strongly convex dual component attains full acceleration $ o ( 1 / k ^ 2 ) $ in terms of primal dual gap. total variation image deblurring on gaussian noisy or salt - pepper noisy image demonstrate the effectiveness of the full acceleration by imposing the strongly convexity on dual component.
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arxiv:1906.07691
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##od kumar ( 1 january 2009 ). digital signal processing. s. chand. isbn 978 - 81 - 219 - 3095 - 6. lambourne, robert j. a. ( 1 june 2010 ). relativity, gravitation and cosmology. cambridge university press. isbn 978 - 0 - 521 - 13138 - 4. leitgeb, norbert ( 6 may 2010 ). safety of electromedical devices : law – risks – opportunities. springer. isbn 978 - 3 - 211 - 99683 - 6. leondes, cornelius t. ( 8 august 2000 ). energy and power systems. crc press. isbn 978 - 90 - 5699 - 677 - 2. mahalik, nitaigour premchand ( 2003 ). mechatronics : principles, concepts and applications. tata mcgraw - hill education. isbn 978 - 0 - 07 - 048374 - 3. maluf, nadim ; williams, kirt ( 1 january 2004 ). introduction to microelectromechanical systems engineering. artech house. isbn 978 - 1 - 58053 - 591 - 5. manolakis, dimitris g. ; ingle, vinay k. ( 21 november 2011 ). applied digital signal processing : theory and practice. cambridge university press. isbn 978 - 1 - 139 - 49573 - 8. martini, l., " bscco - 2233 multilayered conductors ", in superconducting materials for high energy colliders, pp. 173 – 181, world scientific, 2001 isbn 981 - 02 - 4319 - 7. martinsen, orjan g. ; grimnes, sverre ( 29 august 2011 ). bioimpedance and bioelectricity basics. academic press. isbn 978 - 0 - 08 - 056880 - 5. mcdavid, richard a. ; echaore - mcdavid, susan ( 1 january 2009 ). career opportunities in engineering. infobase publishing. isbn 978 - 1 - 4381 - 1070 - 7. merhari, lhadi ( 3 march 2009 ). hybrid nanocomposites for nanotechnology : electronic, optical, magnetic and biomedical applications. springer. isbn 978 - 0 - 387 - 30428 - 1. mook, william moyer ( 2008 ). the mechanical response of common nanoscale contact geometries. isbn 978 - 0 - 549 - 46812 - 7
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering
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we construct a countable simple theory which, in keisler ' s order, is strictly above the random graph ( but " barely so " ) and also in some sense orthogonal to the building blocks of the recently discovered infinite descending chain. as a result we prove in zfc that there are incomparable classes in keisler ' s order.
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arxiv:1804.03254
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we study dilute suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles in a nematic host, on two - dimensional ( 2d ) polygons. these systems are described by a nematic order parameter and a spontaneous magnetization, in the absence of any external fields. we study the stable states in terms of stable critical points of an appropriately defined free energy, with a nemato - magnetic coupling energy. we numerically study the interplay between the shape of the regular polygon, the size of the polygon and the strength of the nemato - magnetic coupling for the multistability of this prototype system. our notable results include ( i ) the co - existence of stable states with domain walls and stable interior and boundary defects, ( ii ) the suppression of multistability for positive nemato - magnetic coupling, and ( iii ) the enhancement of multistability for negative nemato - magnetic coupling.
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arxiv:2105.04822
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in this paper, we will analyze a quantum deformation of cubic string field theory. this will be done by first constructing a quantum deformation of string theory, in a covariant gauge, and then using the quantum deformed stringy theory to construct a quantum deformation of string field theory. this quantum deformed string field will then be used to contract a quantum deformed version of cubic string field theory. we will explicitly demonstrate that the axioms of cubic string field theory hold even after quantum deformation. finally, we will analyze the effect of the quantum deformation of string field theory on the string vertices.
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arxiv:2204.12644
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change - point detection ( cpd ) aims to locate abrupt transitions in the generative model of a sequence of observations. when bayesian methods are considered, the standard practice is to infer the posterior distribution of the change - point locations. however, for complex models ( high - dimensional or heterogeneous ), it is not possible to perform reliable detection. to circumvent this problem, we propose to use a hierarchical model, which yields observations that belong to a lower - dimensional manifold. concretely, we consider a latent - class model with an unbounded number of categories, which is based on the chinese - restaurant process ( crp ). for this model we derive a continual learning mechanism that is based on the sequential construction of the crp and the expectation - maximization ( em ) algorithm with a stochastic maximization step. our results show that the proposed method is able to recursively infer the number of underlying latent classes and perform cpd in a reliable manner.
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arxiv:1910.10087
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the multi variate mixture dynamics model is a tractable, dynamical, arbitrage - free multivariate model characterized by transparency on the dependence structure, since closed form formulae for terminal correlations, average correlations and copula function are available. it also allows for complete decorrelation between assets and instantaneous variances. each single asset is modelled according to a lognormal mixture dynamics model, and this univariate version is widely used in the industry due to its flexibility and accuracy. the same property holds for the multivariate process of all assets, whose density is a mixture of multivariate basic densities. this allows for consistency of single asset and index / portfolio smile. in this paper, we generalize the mvmd model by introducing shifted dynamics and we propose a definition of implied correlation under this model. we investigate whether the model is able to consistently reproduce the implied volatility of fx cross rates once the single components are calibrated to univariate shifted lognormal mixture dynamics models. we consider in particular the case of the chinese renminbi fx rate, showing that the shifted mvmd model correctly recovers the cny / eur smile given the eur / usd smile and the usd / cny smile, thus highlighting that the model can also work as an arbitrage free volatility smile extrapolation tool for cross currencies that may not be liquid or fully observable. we compare the performance of the shifted mvmd model in terms of implied correlation with those of the shifted simply correlated mixture dynamics model where the dynamics of the single assets are connected naively by introducing correlation among their brownian motions. finally, we introduce a model with uncertain volatilities and correlation. the markovian projection of this model is a generalization of the shifted mvmd model.
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arxiv:1512.04741
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in this paper, we study the following schr \ " odinger - poisson system : $ $ \ left \ { \ aligned & - \ delta u + v _ \ lambda ( x ) u + k ( x ) \ phi u = f ( x, u ) & \ quad \ text { in } \ bbr ^ 3, \ \ & - \ delta \ phi = k ( x ) u ^ 2 & \ quad \ text { in } \ bbr ^ 3, \ \ & ( u, \ phi ) \ in \ h \ times \ d, \ endaligned \ right. \ eqno { ( \ mathcal { sp } _ { \ lambda } ) } $ $ where $ v _ \ lambda ( x ) = \ lambda a ( x ) + b ( x ) $ with a positive parameter $ \ lambda $, $ k ( x ) \ geq0 $ and $ f ( x, t ) $ is continuous including the power - type nonlinearity $ | u | ^ { p - 2 } u $. by applying the method of penalized functions, the existence of one nontrivial solution for such system in the less - studied case $ 3 < p \ leq4 $ is obtained for $ \ lambda $ sufficiently large. the concentration behavior of this nontrivial solution for $ \ lambda \ to + \ infty $ are also observed. it is worth to point out that some new conditions on the potentials are introduced to obtain this nontrivial solution and the schr \ " odinger operator $ - \ delta + v _ \ lambda ( x ) $ may be strong indefinite in this paper.
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arxiv:1412.5463
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we use a specific geometric method to determine speed limits to the implementation of quantum gates in controlled quantum systems that have a specific class of constrained control functions. we achieve this by applying a recent theorem of shen, which provides a connection between time optimal navigation on riemannian manifolds and the geodesics of a certain finsler metric of randers type. we use the lengths of these geodesics to derive the optimal implementation times ( under the assumption of constant control fields ) for an arbitrary quantum operation ( on a finite dimensional hilbert space ), and explicitly calculate the result for the case of a controlled single spin system in a magnetic field, and a swap gate in a heisenberg spin chain.
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arxiv:1310.6731
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high - precision electroweak production measurements from the tevatron and the lhc provide important constraints on the quark flavor separation in global pdf fits. in this contribution, we study the impact of the recent d0 w asymmetry measurements and of the lhcb w and z run i combination in the global nnpdf analysis. we find that these measurements can be described by nlo qcd theory and that they lead to a significant reduction of pdf uncertainties.
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arxiv:1605.08190
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the smallness and hierarchy of the fermion parameters could be explained in theories with extra dimensions where doublets and singlets are localized at slightly separated points. scattering cross sections for collisions of such fermions vanish exponentially at energies high enough to probe the separation distance. this is because the separation puts a lower bound on the attainable impact parameter in the collision. the nlc, and in particular the combination of the e ^ + e ^ - and e ^ - e ^ - modes, can probe this scenario, even if the inverse fermion separation is of order tens of tevs.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0001225
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we harness the physics - informed neural network ( pinn ) approach to extend the utility of phenomenological models for particle migration in shear flow. specifically, we propose to constrain the neural network training via a model for the physics of shear - induced particle migration in suspensions. then, we train the pinn against experimental data from the literature, showing that this approach provides both better fidelity to the experiments, and a novel understanding of the relative roles of the hypothesized migration fluxes. we first verify the pinn approach for solving the inverse problem of radial particle migration in a non - brownian suspension in an annular couette flow. in this classical case, the pinn yields the same value ( as reported in the literature ) for the ratio of the two parameters of the empirical model. next, we apply the pinn approach to analyze experiments on particle migration in both non - brownian and brownian suspensions in poiseuille slot flow, for which a definitive calibration of the phenomenological migration model has been lacking. using the pinn approach, we identify the unknown / empirical parameters in the physical model through the inverse solver capability of pinns. specifically, the values are significantly different from those for the couette cell, highlighting an inconsistency in the literature that uses the latter value for poiseuille flow. importantly, the pinn results also show that the inferred values of the empirical model ' s parameters vary with the shear p \ ' eclet number and the particle bulk volume fraction of the suspension, instead of being constant as assumed in some previous literature.
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arxiv:2111.04684
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we discuss a parametrization to describe possible deviations from the kerr metric and test astrophysical black hole candidates with electromagnetic radiation. our metric is a very simple generalization of the kerr solution with two main properties : $ i ) $ the phenomenology is quite rich and, for example, it can describe black holes with high novikov - thorne radiative efficiency or black holes of very small size ; $ ii ) $ it is suitable for the numerical calculations required to study the spectrum of thin disks. the latter point is our principal motivation to study such a kind of parametrization, because in the analysis of real data there are usually several parameters to fit and the problem with current non - kerr metrics is that the calculation times are too long.
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arxiv:1512.00724
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we consider static, spherically symmetric configurations in general relativity, supported by nonlinear electromagnetic fields with gauge - invariant lagrangians depending on the single invariant $ f = f _ { \ mu \ nu } f ^ { \ mu \ nu } $. after a brief review on black hole ( bh ) and solitonic solutions, obtained so far with pure electric or magnetic fields, an attempt is made to obtain dyonic solutions, those with both electric and magnetic charges. a general scheme is suggested, leading to solutions in quadratures for an arbitrary lagrangian function $ l ( f ) $ ( up to some monotonicity restrictions ) ; such solutions are expressed in terms of $ f $ as a new radial coordinate instead of the usual coordinate $ r $. for the truncated born - infeld theory ( depending on the invariant $ f $ only ), a general dyonic solution is obtained in terms of $ r $. a feature of interest in this solution is the existence of a special case with a self - dual electromagnetic field, $ f \ equiv 0 $ and the reissner - nordstr \ " om metric.
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arxiv:1708.08125
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we study the late time evolution of a class of exact anisotropic cosmological solutions of einstein ' s equations, namely spatially homogeneous cosmologies of bianchi type vii $ _ 0 $ with a perfect fluid source. we show that, in contrast to models of bianchi type vii $ _ h $ which are asymptotically self - similar at late times, bianchi vii $ _ 0 $ models undergo a complicated type of self - similarity breaking. this symmetry breaking affects the late time isotropization that occurs in these models in a significant way : if the equation of state parameter $ \ gamma $ satisfies $ \ gamma \ leq 4 / 3 $ the models isotropize as regards the shear but not as regards the weyl curvature. indeed these models exhibit a new dynamical feature that we refer to as weyl curvature dominance : the weyl curvature dominates the dynamics at late times. by viewing the evolution from a dynamical systems perspective we show that, despite the special nature of the class of models under consideration, this behaviour has implications for more general models.
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arxiv:gr-qc/9812010
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we consider sets of positive integers containing no sum of two elements in the set and also no product of two elements. we show that the upper density of such a set is strictly smaller than 1 / 2 and that this is best possible. further, we also find the maximal order for the density of such sets that are also periodic modulo some positive integer.
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arxiv:1201.1317
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we consider a modification of the standard electroweak model with the third quark generation and the $ \ tau $ - lepton in vector representations of $ su ( 2 ) \ otimes u ( 1 ) _ y $ electroweak symmetry. this is a new way to implement right - handed currents which are controlled by the usual fermi constant, $ g _ f $, the weak mixing angle, $ \ sin \ theta _ w $, and also by the right - handed mixing matrices which survive when the lagrangian density is written in terms of the mass eigenstates. in this case there are also new cp violation phases.
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arxiv:hep-ph/9507448
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we exploit theoretically a magneto - controlled nonlinear optical material which contains ferromagnetic nanoparticles with a non - magnetic metallic nonlinear shell in a host fluid. such an optical material can have anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties and a giant enhancement of nonlinearity, as well as an attractive figure of merit.
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arxiv:cond-mat/0412332
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interstellar methanol is considered to be a parent species of larger, more complex organic molecules. a physicochemical simulation of infalling parcels of matter is performed for a low - mass star - forming system to trace the chemical evolution from cloud to disc. an axisymmetric 2d semi - analytic model generates the time - dependent density and velocity distributions, and full continuum radiative transfer is performed to calculate the dust temperature and the uv radiation field at each position as a function of time. a comprehensive gas - grain chemical network is employed to compute the chemical abundances along infall trajectories. two physical scenarios are studied, one in which the dominant disc growth mechanism is viscous spreading, and another in which continuous infall of matter prevails. the results show that the infall path influences the abundance of methanol entering each type of disc, ranging from complete loss of methanol to an enhancement by a factor of > 1 relative to the prestellar phase. critical chemical processes and parameters for the methanol chemistry under different physical conditions are identified. the exact abundance and distribution of methanol is important for the budget of complex organic molecules in discs, which will be incorporated into forming planetary system objects such as protoplanets and comets. these simulations show that the comet - forming zone contains less methanol than in the precollapse phase, which is dominantly of prestellar origin, but also with additional layers built up in the envelope during infall. such intriguing links will soon be tested by upcoming data from the rosetta mission.
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arxiv:1409.2473
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evaluating the pedagogical capabilities of ai - based tutoring models is critical for making guided progress in the field. yet, we lack a reliable, easy - to - use, and simple - to - run evaluation that reflects the pedagogical abilities of models. to fill this gap, we present mathtutorbench, an open - source benchmark for holistic tutoring model evaluation. mathtutorbench contains a collection of datasets and metrics that broadly cover tutor abilities as defined by learning sciences research in dialog - based teaching. to score the pedagogical quality of open - ended teacher responses, we train a reward model and show it can discriminate expert from novice teacher responses with high accuracy. we evaluate a wide set of closed - and open - weight models on mathtutorbench and find that subject expertise, indicated by solving ability, does not immediately translate to good teaching. rather, pedagogy and subject expertise appear to form a trade - off that is navigated by the degree of tutoring specialization of the model. furthermore, tutoring appears to become more challenging in longer dialogs, where simpler questioning strategies begin to fail. we release the benchmark, code, and leaderboard openly to enable rapid benchmarking of future models.
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arxiv:2502.18940
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we obtain the exact scale invariant scattering solutions for two - dimensional field theories with replicated permutational symmetry $ \ mathbb { s } _ q $. after sending to zero the number of replicas they correspond to the renormalization group fixed points of the $ q $ - state potts model with quenched disorder. we find that all solutions with non - zero disorder possess $ q $ - independent sectors, pointing to superuniversality ( i. e. symmetry independence ) of some critical exponents. the solution corresponding to the random bond ferromagnet, for which disorder vanishes as $ q \ to 2 $, allows for superuniversality of the correlation length exponent $ \ nu $ [ prl 118 ( 2017 ) 250601 ]. of the two solutions which are strongly disordered for all values of $ q $, one is completely $ q $ - independent and accounts for the zero - temperature percolation fixed point of the randomly bond diluted ferromagnet. the other is the main candidate to describe the nishimori - like fixed point of the potts model with $ \ pm j $ disorder, and leaves room for superuniversality of the magnetic exponent $ \ eta $, a possibility not yet excluded by available numerical data.
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arxiv:1709.00364
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morphological dynamics of bilayer membrane is intrinsically coupled to the translational and orientational localization of membrane proteins. in this paper we are concerned with the orientational localization of membrane proteins in the absence of protein interaction and correlation. entropic energy depending on the angular distribution function and the curvature energy depending on the principal curvature vectors are introduced to assemble an energy functional for the coupled system. application of the onsager ' s variational principle gives rise to a generalized smoluchowskii equation governing the temporal and angular variations of the protein orientation. we prove the existence of the stationary solution of the equation as fixed points of a continuous nonlinear nonlocal map, and for biologically relevant conditions we obtain the uniqueness of the solution. to approximate the stationary solution in the fourier space we construct an efficient numerical method that reduces the expansion and relates the coefficients to the modified bessel functions of the first kind. existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution are justified for biologically relevant conditions.
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arxiv:1803.03335
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using the general approach of lax for multiple scattering of waves a 2x2 covariant expression for the reflectivity of polarized slow neutrons of a magnetic layer structure of arbitrary complexity is given including polarization effects of the external magnetic field. the present formalism is identical to the earlier published one for the ( nuclear ) resonant x - ray ( mossbauer ) reflectivity and properly takes the effect of the external magnetic field of arbitrary direction on the neutron beam into account. the form of the reflectivity matrix allows for an efficient numerical calculation.
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arxiv:1409.1056
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the increase in the demand for extended reality ( xr ) / virtual reality ( vr ) services in the recent years, poses a great challenge for wi - fi networks to maintain the strict latency requirements. in vr over wi - fi, latency is a significant issue. in fact, vr users expect instantaneous responses to their interactions, and any noticeable delay can disrupt user experience. such disruptions can cause motion sickness, and users might end up quitting the service. differentiating interactive vr traffic from non - vr traffic within a wi - fi network can aim to decrease latency for vr users and improve wi - fi quality of service ( qos ) with giving priority to vr users in the access point ( ap ) and efficiently handle vr traffic. in this paper, we propose a machine learning - based approach for identifying interactive vr traffic in a cloud - edge vr scenario. the correlation between downlink and uplink is crucial in our study. first, we extract features from single - user traffic characteristics and then, we compare six common classification techniques ( i. e., logistic regression, support vector machines, k - nearest neighbors, decision trees, random forest, and naive bayes ). for each classifier, a process of hyperparameter tuning and feature selection, namely permutation importance is applied. the model created is evaluated using datasets generated by different vr applications, including both single and multi - user cases. then, a wi - fi network simulator is used to analyze the vr traffic identification and prioritization qos improvements. our simulation results show that we successfully reduce vr traffic delays by a factor of 4. 2x compared to scenarios without prioritization, while incurring only a 2. 3x increase in delay for background ( bg ) traffic related to non - vr services.
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arxiv:2408.08617
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we theoretically and experimentally report sub - wavelength resonant panels for low - frequency quasi - perfect sound absorption including transmission by using the accumulation of cavity resonances due to the slow sound phenomenon. the sub - wavelength panel is composed of periodic horizontal slits loaded by identical helmholtz resonators ( hrs ). due to the presence of the hrs, the propagation inside each slit is strongly dispersive, with near - zero phase velocity close to the resonance of the hrs. in this slow sound regime, the frequencies of the cavity modes inside the slit are down - shifted and the slit behaves as a subwavelength resonator. moreover, due to strong dispersion, the cavity resonances accumulate at the limit of the bandgap below the resonance frequency of the hrs. near this accumulation frequency, simultaneously symmetric and antisymmetric quasi - critical coupling can be achieved. in this way, using only monopolar resonators quasi - perfect absorption can be obtained in a material including transmission.
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arxiv:1610.04645
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let $ p _ n $ be an $ n $ - dimensional regular polytope from one of the three infinite series ( regular simplices, regular crosspolytopes, and cubes ). project $ p _ n $ onto a random, uniformly distributed linear subspace of dimension $ d \ geq 2 $. we prove that the expected number of $ k $ - dimensional faces of the resulting random polytope is an increasing function of $ n $. as a corollary, we show that the expected number of $ k $ - faces of the gaussian polytope is an increasing function of the number of points used to generate the polytope. similar results are obtained for the symmetric gaussian polytope and the gaussian zonotope.
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arxiv:1704.02496
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we study the lowest landau level equation set on simply and doubly - periodic domains ( in other words, rectangles and strips with appropriate boundary conditions ). to begin with, we study well - posedness and establish the existence of stationary solutions. then we investigate the linear stability of the lattice solution and prove it is stable for the ( hexagonal ) abrikosov lattice, but unstable for rectangular lattices.
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arxiv:2404.06085
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an improved analysis of the $ b \ to s + \ gamma $ decay in the minimal flavor violating case is given taking into account additional contributions in the supersymmetric sector which enter in the next - to - leading - order ( nlo ) and are enhanced by $ \ tan \ beta $ factors. specifically, we compute a set of twenty one - loop diagrams to give the most complete analysis to date of the nlo supersymmetric corrections. these modifications are computed from the effective charged higgs and neutral higgs couplings involving twelve loop diagrams for the charged higgs sector and eight loop diagrams for the neutral higgs sector. while the computations of these corrections are available in the literature, their full forms including the complex phase dependence has not be considered. our analysis takes account of the full allowed set of twenty one - loop diagrams and is more general since it also includes the full dependence on cp phases in non universal sugra and mssm models. a numerical analysis is carried out to estimate the size of the corrections to $ b \ to s + \ gamma $. we also briefly discuss the implications of these results for the search for supersymmetry.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0601163
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we investigate chemical - potential ( \ mu ) dependence of static - quark free energies in both the real and imaginary \ mu regions, performing lattice qcd simulations at imaginary \ mu and extrapolating the results to the real \ mu region with analytic continuation. lattice qcd calculations are done on a 16 ^ { 3 } \ times 4 lattice with the clover - improved two - flavor wilson fermion action and the renormalization - group improved iwasaki gauge action. static - quark potential is evaluated from the polyakov - loop correlation functions in the deconfinement phase. as the analytic continuation, the potential calculated at imaginary \ mu = i \ mu _ { \ rm i } is expanded into a taylor - expansion series of i \ mu _ { \ rm i } / t up to 4th order and the pure imaginary variable i \ mu _ { \ rm i } / t is replaced by the real one \ mu _ { \ rm r } / t. at real \ mu, the 4th - order term weakens \ mu dependence of the potential sizably. at long distance, all of the color singlet and non - singlet potentials tend to twice the single - quark free energy, indicating that the interactions between heavy quarks are fully color - screened for finite \ mu. for both real and imaginary \ mu, the color - singlet q { \ bar q } and the color - antitriplet qq interaction are attractive, whereas the color - octet q { \ bar q } and the color - sextet qq interaction are repulsive. the attractive interactions have stronger \ mu / t dependence than the repulsive interactions. the color - debye screening mass is extracted from the color - singlet potential at imaginary \ mu, and the mass is extrapolated to real \ mu by analytic continuation. the screening mass thus obtained has stronger \ mu dependence than the prediction of the leading - order thermal perturbation theory at both real and imaginary \ mu.
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arxiv:1308.2489
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technology centers, in oklahoma, are career and technical schools which provide career and technology education for high school students in the u. s. state of oklahoma. the students generally spend part of each day in their respective schools pursuing academic subjects in addition to attending classes in their affiliated vo - tech center. technology centers are managed by the oklahoma department of career and technology education in stillwater, oklahoma. = = list of centers = = autry technology center caddo - kiowa technology center canadian valley technology center chickasha campus el reno campus central technology center sapulpa campus drumright campus chisholm trail technology center eastern oklahoma county technology center francis tuttle technology center portland campus reno campus rockwell campus danforth campus gordon cooper technology center great plains technology center tillman - kiowa campus lawton campus green country technology center high plains technology center indian capital technology center bill willis campus muskogee campus sallisaw campus stilwell campus kiamichi technology center atoka campus durant campus hugo campus idabel campus mcalester campus poteau campus spiro campus stigler campus talihina campus meridian technology center main campus ( stillwater, ok ) south campus ( guthrie, ok ) metro technology centers aviation career center downtown business campus south bryant campus springlake campus mid - america technology center mid - del technology center moore norman technology center franklin road campus south penn campus northeast technology center east campus north campus south campus northwest technology center alva campus fairview campus pioneer technology center pontotoc technology center red river technology center southern oklahoma technology center southwest technology center tri county technology center tulsa technology center broken arrow campus career services center lemley campus peoria campus riverside campus training center wes watkins technology center western technology center burns flat campus hobart sayre campus weatherford campus = = see also = = list of school districts in oklahoma list of private schools in oklahoma list of colleges and universities in oklahoma = = external links = = oklahoma department of career and technology education
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CareerTech_centers_in_Oklahoma
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two different perfectly matched layer ( pml ) formulations with efficient pseudo - spectral numerical schemes are derived for the standard and non - relativistic nonlinear klein - gordon equations ( nkge ). a pseudo - spectral explicit exponential integrator scheme for a first - order formulation and a linearly implicit preconditioned finite - difference scheme for a second - order formulation are proposed and analyzed. to obtain a high spatial accuracy, new regularized berm \ ' udez type absorption profiles are introduced for the pml. it is shown that the two schemes are efficient, but the linearly implicit scheme should be preferred for accuracy purpose when used within the framework of pseudo - spectral methods combined with the regularized berm \ ' udez type functions. in addition, in the non - relativistic regime, numerical examples lead to the conclusion that the error related to regularized berm \ ' udez type absorption functions is insensitive to the small parameter $ \ varepsilon $ involved in the nkge. the paper ends by a two - dimensional example showing that the strategy extends to the rotating nkge where the vortex dynamics is very well - reproduced.
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arxiv:2101.02528
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the research of others who found, based on nationwide data, that students with higher scores on standardized mathematics tests had taken more mathematics courses in high school. this led some states to require three years of mathematics instead of two. but because this requirement was often met by taking another lower - level mathematics course, the additional courses had a " diluted " effect in raising achievement levels. in north america, the national council of teachers of mathematics ( nctm ) published the principles and standards for school mathematics in 2000 for the united states and canada, which boosted the trend towards reform mathematics. in 2006, the nctm released curriculum focal points, which recommend the most important mathematical topics for each grade level through grade 8. however, these standards were guidelines to implement as american states and canadian provinces chose. in 2010, the national governors association center for best practices and the council of chief state school officers published the common core state standards for us states, which were subsequently adopted by most states. adoption of the common core state standards in mathematics is at the discretion of each state, and is not mandated by the federal government. " states routinely review their academic standards and may choose to change or add onto the standards to best meet the needs of their students. " the nctm has state affiliates that have different education standards at the state level. for example, missouri has the missouri council of teachers of mathematics ( mctm ) which has its pillars and standards of education listed on its website. the mctm also offers membership opportunities to teachers and future teachers so that they can stay up to date on the changes in math educational standards. the programme for international student assessment ( pisa ), created by the organisation for the economic co - operation and development ( oecd ), is a global program studying the reading, science, and mathematics abilities of 15 - year - old students. the first assessment was conducted in the year 2000 with 43 countries participating. pisa has repeated this assessment every three years to provide comparable data, helping to guide global education to better prepare youth for future economies. there have been many ramifications following the results of triennial pisa assessments due to implicit and explicit responses of stakeholders, which have led to education reform and policy change. = = research = = according to hiebert and grouws, " robust, useful theories of classroom teaching do not yet exist. " however, there are useful theories on how children learn mathematics, and much research has been conducted in recent decades to explore how these theories can be applied to teaching. the following results are examples of some of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_education
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an intercomparison of microdosimetric and nanodosimetric quantities simulated monte carlo codes is in progress with the goal of assessing the uncertainty contribution to simulated results due to the uncertainties of the electron interaction cross - sections used in the codes. in the first stage of the intercomparison, significant discrepancies were found for nanodosimetric quantities as well as for microdosimetric simulations of a radiation source placed at the surface of a spherical water scoring volume. this paper reports insight gained from further analysis, including additional results for the microdosimetry case where the observed discrepancies in the simulated distributions could be traced back to the difference between track - structure and condensed - history approaches. furthermore, detailed investigations into the sensitivity of nanodosimetric distributions to alterations in inelastic electron scattering cross - sections are presented which were conducted in the lead up to the definition of an approach to be used in the second stage of the intercomparison to come. the suitability of simulation results for assessing the sought uncertainty contributions from cross - sections is discussed and a proposed framework is described.
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arxiv:2108.08204
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normal estimation for 3d point clouds is a fundamental task in 3d geometry processing. the state - of - the - art methods rely on priors of fitting local surfaces learned from normal supervision. however, normal supervision in benchmarks comes from synthetic shapes and is usually not available from real scans, thereby limiting the learned priors of these methods. in addition, normal orientation consistency across shapes remains difficult to achieve without a separate post - processing procedure. to resolve these issues, we propose a novel method for estimating oriented normals directly from point clouds without using ground truth normals as supervision. we achieve this by introducing a new paradigm for learning neural gradient functions, which encourages the neural network to fit the input point clouds and yield unit - norm gradients at the points. specifically, we introduce loss functions to facilitate query points to iteratively reach the moving targets and aggregate onto the approximated surface, thereby learning a global surface representation of the data. meanwhile, we incorporate gradients into the surface approximation to measure the minimum signed deviation of queries, resulting in a consistent gradient field associated with the surface. these techniques lead to our deep unsupervised oriented normal estimator that is robust to noise, outliers and density variations. our excellent results on widely used benchmarks demonstrate that our method can learn more accurate normals for both unoriented and oriented normal estimation tasks than the latest methods. the source code and pre - trained model are publicly available at https : / / github. com / leoqli / neuralgf.
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arxiv:2311.00389
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the entanglement dynamics of an exactly solvable, pure dephasing model are studied. repeated projective measurements are performed on the two - qubit system. due to the system - environment interaction, system - environment correlations are established between each measurement. consequently, the environment state keeps evolving. we investigate the effect of this changing environment state on the entanglement dynamics. in particular, we compare the dynamics with the case where the environment state is repeatedly reset.
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arxiv:2401.16921
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we conducted a scoping review for active learning in the domain of natural language processing ( nlp ), which we summarize in accordance with the prisma - scr guidelines as follows : objective : identify active learning strategies that were proposed for entity recognition and their evaluation environments ( datasets, metrics, hardware, execution time ). design : we used scopus and acm as our search engines. we compared the results with two literature surveys to assess the search quality. we included peer - reviewed english publications introducing or comparing active learning strategies for entity recognition. results : we analyzed 62 relevant papers and identified 106 active learning strategies. we grouped them into three categories : exploitation - based ( 60x ), exploration - based ( 14x ), and hybrid strategies ( 32x ). we found that all studies used the f1 - score as an evaluation metric. information about hardware ( 6x ) and execution time ( 13x ) was only occasionally included. the 62 papers used 57 different datasets to evaluate their respective strategies. most datasets contained newspaper articles or biomedical / medical data. our analysis revealed that 26 out of 57 datasets are publicly accessible. conclusion : numerous active learning strategies have been identified, along with significant open questions that still need to be addressed. researchers and practitioners face difficulties when making data - driven decisions about which active learning strategy to adopt. conducting comprehensive empirical comparisons using the evaluation environment proposed in this study could help establish best practices in the domain.
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arxiv:2407.03895
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the hopf algebra generated by the l - functionals on the quantum double c _ q [ g ] \ bowtie c _ q [ g ] is considered, where c _ q [ g ] is the coordinate algebra of a standard quantum group and q is not a root of unity. it is shown to be isomorphic to c _ q [ g ] ^ op \ bowtie u _ q ( g ). this was conjectured by t. hodges in [ ho ]. as an algebra it can be embedded into u _ q ( g ) \ otimes u _ q ( g ). here it is proven that there is no bialgebra structure on u _ q ( g ) \ otimes u _ q ( g ), for which this embedding becomes a homomorphism of bialgebras. in particular, it is not an isomorphism. as a preliminary a lemma of [ ho ] concerning the structure of l - functionals on c _ q [ g ] is generalized. for the classical groups a certain choice of root vectors is expressed in terms of l - functionals. a formula for their coproduct is derived.
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arxiv:math/0210203
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we report on the radio quiet quasar sdss j2125 - 0813 which obviously emits optical feii emission lines and double - peaked broad balmer emission lines. using the accretion disk model for double - peaked broad low - ionization emission lines, we reproduce the composite line spectra at the optical band between 4100 $ \ aa $ and 5600 $ \ aa $. broad feii emission lines can be fit simultaneously with the broad h $ \ beta $ and mgi lines, such that all broad lines have an elliptical disk profile with the same disk parameters. this results indicates that the optical feii emission lines originate from the accretion disk near the central black hole which produces the double - peaked broad balmer emission lines. furthermore, we find that the object has dimensionless accretion rate $ \ dot { m } \ sim0. 4 - 0. 6 $ which is much larger than accretion rate for adaf mode, and that the energy budget of the accretion disk is enough to power the double - peaked broad balmer emission lines.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0607566
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multi - forecast model predictive control ( mf - mpc ) is a control policy that creates a plan of actions over a horizon for each of a given set of forecasted scenarios or contingencies, with the constraint that the first action in all plans be the same. in this note we show how these coupled plans can be found by solving a sequence of single plans, using an incremental proximal method. we refer to this policy as incremental proximal model predictive control ( ip - mpc ). we have observed that even when the iterations in ip - mpc are not carried out to convergence, we obtain a policy that achieves much of the improvement of mf - mpc over single - forecast model predictive control ( mpc ).
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arxiv:2111.14728
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this paper explores concurrent fl processes within a three - tier system, with edge servers between edge devices and fl servers. a challenge in this setup is the limited bandwidth from edge devices to edge servers. thus, allocating the bandwidth efficiently and fairly to support simultaneous fl processes becomes crucial. we propose a game - theoretic approach to model the bandwidth allocation problem and develop distributed and centralized heuristic schemes to find an approximate nash equilibrium of the game. we proposed the approach mentioned above using centralized and entirely distributed assumptions. through rigorous analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that our schemes efficiently and fairly assign the bandwidth to the fl processes for centralized and distributed solutions and outperform a baseline scheme where each edge server assigns bandwidth proportionally to the fl servers ' requests that it receives. the proposed distributed and centralized schemes have comptetive performance.
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arxiv:2409.04921
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the mass radius relationship of white dwarfs, near the chandrasekhar limit, is derived for a toy model of uniform density, using the variational principle. a power law scaling, reminiscent of those found in 2nd order phase transitions, is obtained. the derived exponent is shown to explain the relationship obtained by numerically integrating the tov equations with the equation of state for a relativistic fermi gas of electrons.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0703476
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a current trend in networking and cloud computing is to provide compute resources at widely dispersed places ; this is exemplified by developments such as network function virtualisation. this paves the way for wide - area service deployments with improved service quality : e. g, a nearby server can reduce the user - perceived response times. but always using the nearest server can be a bad decision if that server is already highly utilised. this paper formalises the two related problems of allocating resources at different locations and assigning users to them with the goal of minimising the response times for a given number of resources to use - - a non - linear capacitated facility location problem with integrated queuing systems. to efficiently handle the non - linearity, we introduce five linear problem approximations and adapt the currently best heuristic for a similar problem to our scenario. all six approaches are compared in experiments for solution quality and solving time. surprisingly, our best optimisation formulation outperforms the heuristic in both time and quality. additionally, we evaluate the influence ot resource distributions in the network on the response time : cut by half for some configurations. the presented formulations are applicable to a broader optimisation domain.
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arxiv:1507.08834
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average atom models are widely used to make equation of state tables and for calculating other properties of materials over a wide range of conditions, from zero temperature isolated atom to fully ionized free electron gases. the numerical challenge of making these density functional theory based models work for any temperature, density or nuclear species is formidable. here we present in detail a hybrid green ' s function / orbital based approach that has proved to be stable and accurate for wide ranging conditions. algorithmic strategies are discussed. in particular the decomposition of the electron density into numerically advantageous parts is presented and a robust and rapid self consistent field method based on a quasi - newton algorithm is given. example application to the equation of state of lutetium ( z = 71 ) is explored in detail, including the effect of relativity, finite temperature exchange and correlation, and a comparison to a less approximate method. the hybrid scheme is found to be numerically stable and accurate for lutetium over at least 6 orders of magnitude in density and 5 orders of magnitude in temperature.
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arxiv:1804.01613
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the magic collaboration recently reported the detection of the quasar 3c279 at > 100 gev gamma - ray energies. here we present simultaneous optical ( bvri ) and x - ray ( rxte pca ) data from the day of the vhe detection and discuss the implications of the snap - shot spectral energy distribution for jet models of blazars. a one - zone synchrotron - self - compton origin of the entire sed, including the vhe gamma - ray emission can be ruled out. the vhe emission could, in principle, be interpreted as compton upscattering of external radiation ( e. g., from the broad - line regions ). however, such an interpretation would require either an unusually low magnetic field of b ~ 0. 03 g or an unrealistically high doppler factor of gamma ~ 140. in addition, such a model fails to reproduce the observed x - ray flux. this as well as the lack of correlated variability in the optical with the vhe gamma - ray emission and the substantial gamma - gamma opacity of the blr radiation field to vhe gamma - rays suggests a multi - zone model. in particular, an ssc model with an emission region far outside the blr reproduces the simultaneous x - ray - - vhe gamma - ray spectrum of 3c279. alternatively, a hadronic model is capable of reproducing the observed sed of 3c279 reasonably well. however, the hadronic model requires a rather extreme jet power of l _ j ~ 10 ^ { 49 } erg s ^ { - 1 }, compared to a requirement of l _ j ~ 2 x 10 ^ { 47 } erg s ^ { - 1 } for a multi - zone leptonic model.
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arxiv:0810.4864
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in this paper, we investigate the sharing values problem that entire function $ f ( z ) $ and its first order difference operator $ \ delta _ { \ eta } f ( z ) $ share two distinct pairs of finite values im. we prove : let $ f ( z ) $ be a non - constant entire function of hyper - order less than $ 1 $, let $ \ eta $ be a non - zero complex number, and let $ a $ be a nonzero finite number. then there exists no such entire function so that $ f ( z ) $ and $ \ delta _ { \ eta } f ( z ) $ share $ ( 0, 0 ) $ and $ ( a, - a ) $ im. furthermore, using a result in wang - chen - hu \ cite { wch }, we obtain some uniqueness results that when $ f ( z ) $ and $ \ delta _ { \ eta } f ( z ) $ share $ a \ neq0 $ and $ - a $ im.
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arxiv:2109.15183
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geometric effects in the infinite - layer nickelates $ r $ nio $ _ 2 $ associated with the relative size of the $ r $ - site atom are investigated via first - principles calculations. we consider, in particular, the prospective ynio $ _ 2 $ material to illustrate the impact of these effects. compared to lanio $ _ 2 $, we find that the la $ \ to $ y substitution is equivalent to a pressure of 19 gpa and that the presence of topotactic hydrogen can be precluded. however, the electronic structure of ynio $ _ 2 $ departs from the cuprate - like picture due to an increase in both self - doping effect and $ e _ g $ hybridization. furthermore, we find that geometric effects introduce a quantum critical point in the $ r $ nio $ _ 2 $ series. this implies a $ p4 / mmm \ leftrightarrow i4 / mcm $ structural transformation associated to a $ a _ 3 ^ + $ normal mode, according to which the oxygen squares undergo an in - plane rotation around ni that alternates along $ c $. we find that such a $ a _ 3 ^ + $ - mode instability has a generic character in the infinite - layer nickelates and can be tuned via either the effective $ r $ - site atom size or epitaxial strain.
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arxiv:2110.13580
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we show that if the lower central series of the fundamental group of a closed oriented $ 3 $ - manifold stabilizes then the maximal nilpotent quotient is a cyclic group, a quaternion $ 2 $ - group cross an odd order cyclic group, or a heisenberg group. these groups are well known to be precisely the nilpotent fundamental groups of closed oriented $ 3 $ - manifolds.
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arxiv:math/9612216
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we use gauge - gravity duality to compute entanglement entropy in a non - conformal background with an energy scale $ \ lambda $. at zero temperature, we observe that entanglement entropy decreases by raising $ \ lambda $. however, at finite temperature, we realize that both $ \ frac { \ lambda } { t } $ and entanglement entropy rise together. comparing entanglement entropy of the non - conformal theory, $ s _ { a ( n ) } $, and of its conformal theory at the $ uv $ limit, $ s _ { a ( c ) } $, reveals that $ s _ { a ( n ) } $ can be larger or smaller than $ s _ { a ( c ) } $, depending on the value of $ \ frac { \ lambda } { t } $.
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arxiv:1610.01835
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dialogue meaning representation formulates natural language utterance semantics in their conversational context in an explicit and machine - readable form. previous work typically follows the intent - slot framework, which is easy for annotation yet limited in scalability for complex linguistic expressions. a line of works alleviates the representation issue by introducing hierarchical structures but challenging to express complex compositional semantics, such as negation and coreference. we propose dialogue meaning representation ( dmr ), a pliable and easily extendable representation for task - oriented dialogue. our representation contains a set of nodes and edges to represent rich compositional semantics. moreover, we propose an inheritance hierarchy mechanism focusing on domain extensibility. additionally, we annotated dmr - fastfood, a multi - turn dialogue dataset with more than 70k utterances, with dmr. we propose two evaluation tasks to evaluate different dialogue models and a novel coreference resolution model gnncoref for the graph - based coreference resolution task. experiments show that dmr can be parsed well with pre - trained seq2seq models, and gnncoref outperforms the baseline models by a large margin.
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arxiv:2204.10989
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the demand for an effective tool to help in the design of ion cyclotron radio frequency ( icrf ) antenna system for fusion experiment has driven the development of predictive codes. a new electromagnetic code based on the method of moments ( mom ) is described in the paper. the code computes the electromagnetic field by the solution of the electric field integral equation. the structure of icrf antennas are discretized with triangular mesh. by using the new code, the scattering parameter and the surface current are given and compared with the result by commercial code cst. moreover, the power spectra are studied with different toroidal phases for heating and current drive. good agreement of simulation results between the new code and cst are obtained. the code has been validated against cst for east icrf antenna.
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arxiv:1501.02021
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recent double - slit interference experiments have demonstrated the possibility of probing the phase of the complex transmission coefficient of a quantum dot via the aharonov - bohm effect. we propose an extension of these experiments : an ac voltage imposed on the side gate with the concomitant photonic sidebands leads to additional structure both in the amplitude and in the phase of the aharonov - bohm signal. observation of these effects would be a definitive proof of coherent absorption and reemission of photons from the ac source.
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arxiv:cond-mat/9706223
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this paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a crucial error related with the consideration of regular points
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arxiv:math/0602351
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we determine the amount of information contained in a time series of price returns at a given time scale, by using a widespread tool of the information theory, namely the shannon entropy, applied to a symbolic representation of this time series. by deriving the exact and the asymptotic distribution of this market information indicator in the case where the efficient market hypothesis holds, we develop a statistical test of market efficiency. we apply it to a real dataset of stock indices, single stock, and cryptocurrency, for which we are able to determine at each date whether the efficient market hypothesis is to be rejected, with respect to a given confidence level.
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arxiv:2208.11976
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we model energy dependencies of the quasi periodic oscillations ( qpo ) in the model of disc epicyclic motions, with x - ray modulation caused by varying relativistic effects. the model was proposed to explain the high frequency qpo observed in x - ray binaries. we consider two specific scenarios for the geometry of accretion flow and spectral formation. firstly, a standard cold accretion disc with an active x - ray emitting corona is assumed to oscillate. secondly, only a hot x - ray emitting accretion flow oscillates, while the cold disc is absent at the qpo radius. we find that the qpo spectra are generally similar to the spectrum of radiation emitted at the qpo radius, and they are broadened by the relativistic effects. in particular, the qpo spectrum contains the disc component in the oscillating disc with a corona scenario. we also review the available data on energy dependencies of high frequency qpo, and we point out that they appear to lack the disc component in their energy spectra. this would suggest the hot flow geometry in the spectral states when high frequency qpo are observed.
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arxiv:0704.3394
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we have studied analytically the longitudinally boost - invariant motion of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin. we have derived the analytic solutions of spin density and spin chemical potential as a function of proper time $ \ tau $ in the presence of viscous tensor and the second order relaxation time corrections for spin. interestingly, analogous to the ordinary particle number density and chemical potential, we find that the spin density and spin chemical potential decay as $ \ sim \ tau ^ { - 1 } $ and $ \ sim \ tau ^ { - 1 / 3 } $, respectively. it implies that the initial spin density may not survive at the freezeout hyper - surface. these solutions can serve both to gain insight on the dynamics of spin polarization in relativistic heavy - ion collisions and as testbeds for further numerical codes.
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arxiv:2107.11726
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to accelerate software development, developers frequently search and reuse existing code snippets from a large - scale codebase, e. g., github. over the years, researchers proposed many information retrieval based models for code search, but they fail to connect the semantic gap between query and code. an early successful deep learning based model deepcs solved this issue by learning the relationship between pairs of code methods and corresponding natural language descriptions. two major advantages of deepcs are the capability of understanding irrelevant / noisy keywords and capturing sequential relationships between words in query and code. in this paper, we proposed an ir - based model codematcher that inherits the advantages of deepcs, while it can leverage the indexing technique in the ir - based model to accelerate the search response time substantially. codematcher first collects metadata for query words to identify irrelevant / noisy ones, then iteratively performs fuzzy search with important query words on the codebase that is indexed by the elasticsearch tool, and finally reranks a set of returned candidate code according to how the tokens in the candidate code snippet sequentially matched the important words in a query. we verified its effectiveness on a large - scale codebase with ~ 41k repositories. experimental results showed that codematcher achieves an mrr of 0. 60, outperforming deepcs, codehow, and unif by 82 %, 62 %, and 46 % respectively. our proposed model is over 1. 2k times faster than deepcs. moreover, codematcher outperforms github and google search by 46 % and 33 % respectively in terms of mrr. we also observed that : fusing the advantages of ir - based and dl - based models is promising ; improving the quality of method naming helps code search, since method name plays an important role in connecting query and code.
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arxiv:2005.14373
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the capacity region of the 3 - user gaussian interference channel ( gic ) with mixed strong - very strong interference was established in \ cite { chs }. the mixed strong - very strong interference conditions considered in \ cite { chs } correspond to the case where, at each receiver, one of the interfering signals is strong and the other is very strong. in this paper, we derive the capacity region of $ k $ - user $ ( k \ geq 3 ) $ discrete memoryless interference channels ( dmics ) with a mixed strong - very strong interference. this corresponds to the case where, at each receiver one of the interfering signals is strong and the other $ ( k - 2 ) $ interfering signals are very strong. this includes, as a special case, the 3 - user dmic with mixed strong - very strong interference. the proof is specialized to the 3 - user gic case and hence an alternative simpler derivation for the capacity region of the 3 - user gic with mixed strong - very strong interference is provided.
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arxiv:1102.3140
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in this paper, we establish the existence of a unique " regular " weak solution to turbulent flows governed by a general family of $ \ alpha $ models with critical regularizations. in particular this family contains the simplified bardina model and the modified leray - $ \ alpha $ model. when the regularizations are subcritical, we prove the existence of weak solutions and we establish an upper bound on the hausdorff dimension of the time singular set of those weak solutions. the result is an interpolation between the bound proved by scheffer for the navier - stokes equations and the regularity result in the critical case.
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arxiv:1105.0694
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test - time adaptation ( tta ) is the problem of updating a pre - trained source model at inference time given test input ( s ) from a different target domain. most existing tta approaches assume the setting in which the target domain is stationary, i. e., all the test inputs come from a single target domain. however, in many practical settings, the test input distribution might exhibit a lifelong / continual shift over time. moreover, existing tta approaches also lack the ability to provide reliable uncertainty estimates, which is crucial when distribution shifts occur between the source and target domain. to address these issues, we present petal ( probabilistic lifelong test - time adaptation with self - training prior ), which solves lifelong tta using a probabilistic approach, and naturally results in ( 1 ) a student - teacher framework, where the teacher model is an exponential moving average of the student model, and ( 2 ) regularizing the model updates at inference time using the source model as a regularizer. to prevent model drift in the lifelong / continual tta setting, we also propose a data - driven parameter restoration technique which contributes to reducing the error accumulation and maintaining the knowledge of recent domains by restoring only the irrelevant parameters. in terms of predictive error rate as well as uncertainty based metrics such as brier score and negative log - likelihood, our method achieves better results than the current state - of - the - art for online lifelong test - time adaptation across various benchmarks, such as cifar - 10c, cifar - 100c, imagenetc, and imagenet3dcc datasets. the source code for our approach is accessible at https : / / github. com / dhanajitb / petal.
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arxiv:2212.09713
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the existence of wide - sense - stationarity ( wss ) in narrowband wireless body - to - body networks is investigated for " everyday " scenarios using many hours of contiguous experimental data. we employ different parametric and non - parametric hypothesis tests for evaluating mean and variance stationarity, along with distribution consistency, of several body - to - body channels found from different on - body sensor locations. we also estimate the variation of power spectrum to evaluate the time independence of the auto - covariance function. our results show that, with 95 % confidence, the assumption of wss is met for at most 90 % of the cases with window lengths of 5 seconds for the channels between the hubs of different bans. additionally, in the best - case scenario, the hub - to - hub channel remains reasonably stationary ( with more than 80 % probability of satisfying the null hypothesis ) for longer window lengths of more than 10 seconds. the short time power spectral variation for body - to - body channels is also shown to be negligible. moreover, we show that body - to - body channels can be considered wide - sense - stationary over significantly longer periods than on - body channels.
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arxiv:1803.05592
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i present an example of how to analytically optimize a multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz for a finite antiferromagnetic heisenberg chain. for this purpose, a quantum - circuit representation is taken into account, and we construct the exactly entangled ground state so that a trivial ir state is modified sequentially by operating separated entangler layers ( monodromy operators ) at each scale. the circuit representation allows us to make a simple understanding of close relationship between the entanglement renormalization and quantum integrability. we find that the entangler should match with the $ r $ - matrix, not a simple unitary, and also find that the optimization leads to the mapping between the bethe roots and the daubechies wavelet coefficients.
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arxiv:1608.02205
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near - earth asteroid ( 469219 ) kamo ' oalewa ( aka 2016 ho3 ) is an earth co - orbital and a potential space mission target. its short - term dynamics is characterized by a periodic switching between quasi - satellite and horseshoe configurations. due to its small diameter of only about 36 meters, the yarkovsky effect may play a significant role in the long - term dynamics. in this work, we addressed this issue by studying the changes in the long - term motion of kamo ' oalewa caused by the yarkovsky effect. we used an estimation of the magnitude of the yarkovsky effect assuming different surface compositions and introduced the semi - major axis drift by propagating orbits of test particles representing the clones of the nominal orbit. our simulations showed that the yarkovsky effect may cause kamo ' oalewa to exit from the earth co - orbital region a bit faster when compared to a purely gravitational model. nevertheless, it still could remain an earth companion for at least 0. 5 my in the future. our results imply that kamo ' oalewa is the most stable earth ' s co - orbital object known so far, not only from a short - term perspective but also on long time scales.
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arxiv:2109.10711
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ongoing advances in superconductors continue to revolutionize technology thanks to the increasingly versatile and robust availability of lossless supercurrent. in particular high supercurrent density can lead to more efficient and compact power transmission lines, high - field magnets, as well as high - performance nanoscale radiation detectors and superconducting spintronics. here, we report the discovery of an unprecedentedly high superconducting critical current density ( 17 ma / cm2 at 0 t and 7 ma / cm2 at 8 t ) in 1t ' - ws2, exceeding those of all reported two - dimensional superconductors to date. 1t ' - ws2 features a strongly anisotropic ( both in - and out - of - plane ) superconducting state that violates the pauli paramagnetic limit signaling the presence of unconventional superconductivity. spectroscopic imaging of the vortices further substantiates the anisotropic nature of the superconducting state. more intriguingly, the normal state of 1t ' - ws2 carries topological properties. the band structure obtained via angle - resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first - principles calculations points to a z2 topological invariant. the concomitance of topology and superconductivity in 1t ' - ws2 establishes it as a topological superconductor candidate, which is promising for the development of quantum computing technology.
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arxiv:2301.11425
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we study the problem of estimation of the value n _ gamma ( \ theta ) = sum ( i = 1 ) ^ d | \ theta _ i | ^ gamma for 0 < gamma < = 1 based on the observations y _ i = \ theta _ i + \ epsilon \ xi _ i, i = 1,..., d, where \ theta = ( \ theta _ 1,..., \ theta _ d ) are unknown parameters, \ epsilon > 0 is known, and \ xi _ i are i. i. d. standard normal random variables. we prove that the non - asymptotic minimax risk on the class b _ 0 ( s ) of s - sparse vectors and we propose estimators achieving the minimax rate.
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arxiv:1805.10791
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combining sports and machine learning involves leveraging ml algorithms and techniques to extract insight from sports - related data such as player statistics, game footage, and other relevant information. however, datasets related to figure skating in the literature focus primarily on element classification and are currently unavailable or exhibit only limited access, which greatly raise the entry barrier to developing visual sports technology for it. moreover, when using such data to help athletes improve their skills, we find they are very coarse - grained : they work for learning what an element is, but they are poorly suited to learning whether the element is good or bad. here we propose air time detection, a novel motion analysis task, the goal of which is to accurately detect the duration of the air time of a jump. we present yourskatingcoach, a large, novel figure skating dataset which contains 454 videos of jump elements, the detected skater skeletons in each video, along with the gold labels of the start and ending frames of each jump, together as a video benchmark for figure skating. in addition, although this type of task is often viewed as classification, we cast it as a sequential labeling problem and propose a transformer - based model to calculate the duration. experimental results show that the proposed model yields a favorable results for a strong baseline. to further verify the generalizability of the fine - grained labels, we apply the same process to other sports as cross - sports tasks but for coarse - grained task action classification. here we fine - tune the classification to demonstrate that figure skating, as it contains the essential body movements, constitutes a strong foundation for adaptation to other sports.
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arxiv:2410.20427
|
), the post graduate diploma in information technology ( pgdit ), masters in medical science and technology ( mmst ), masters in city planning ( mcp ), master of arts ( ma ), postgraduate diploma in intellectual property law ( pgdipl ), and the postgraduate diploma in maritime operation & management ( pgdmom ). some of the iits offer an m. s. ( by research ) program ; the mtech and m. s. are similar to the us universities ' non - thesis ( course - based ) and thesis ( research - based ) masters programs respectively. admissions to master ' s programs in engineering are made using scores of the graduate aptitude test in engineering ( gate ), while those to master ' s programs in science are made using scores of the joint admission test for m. sc. ( jam ). several iits have schools of management offering master ' s degrees in management or business administration. in april 2015, iit bombay launched the first u. s. - india joint emba program alongside washington university in st. louis. = = = = bachelors - masters dual degrees = = = = the iits also offer an unconventional btech and mtech integrated educational program called " dual degree ". it integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. it is completed in five years as against six years in conventional btech ( four years ) followed by an mtech ( two years ). integrated master of science programs are also offered at few iits which integrates the undergraduate and postgraduate studies in science streams in a single degree program against the conventional university system. these programs were started to allow its graduates to complete postgraduate studies from iit rather than having to go to another institute. = = = doctoral = = = the iits also offer the doctor of philosophy degree ( phd ) as part of their doctoral education programme. in it, the candidates are given a topic of academic interest by the ins or have to work on a consultancy project given by the industries. the duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. phd candidates have to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. teaching assistantships ( ta ) and research assistantships ( ra ) are often provided. the iits, along with nits and iisc, account for nearly 80 % of all engineering phds in india. iits now allow admission in phd programs without the mandatory gate score. = = culture and student life = = all the iits provide on - campus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Technology
|
civilizations, springer, isbn 0 - 387 - 12159 - 5. = = = books on a specific topic = = = corry, leo ( 2015 ), a brief history of numbers, oxford university press, isbn 978 - 0198702597 hoffman, paul ( 1998 ). the man who loved only numbers : the story of paul erdos and the search for mathematical truth. hyperion. isbn 0 - 7868 - 6362 - 5. menninger, karl w. ( 1969 ). number words and number symbols : a cultural history of numbers. mit press. isbn 978 - 0 - 262 - 13040 - 0. stigler, stephen m. ( 1990 ). the history of statistics : the measurement of uncertainty before 1900. belknap press. isbn 978 - 0 - 674 - 40341 - 3. = = external links = = = = = documentaries = = = bbc ( 2008 ). the story of maths. renaissance mathematics, bbc radio 4 discussion with robert kaplan, jim bennett & jackie stedall ( in our time, jun 2, 2005 ) = = = educational material = = = mactutor history of mathematics archive ( john j. o ' connor and edmund f. robertson ; university of st andrews, scotland ). an award - winning website containing detailed biographies on many historical and contemporary mathematicians, as well as information on notable curves and various topics in the history of mathematics. history of mathematics home page ( david e. joyce ; clark university ). articles on various topics in the history of mathematics with an extensive bibliography. the history of mathematics ( david r. wilkins ; trinity college, dublin ). collections of material on the mathematics between the 17th and 19th century. earliest known uses of some of the words of mathematics ( jeff miller ). contains information on the earliest known uses of terms used in mathematics. earliest uses of various mathematical symbols ( jeff miller ). contains information on the history of mathematical notations. mathematical words : origins and sources ( john aldrich, university of southampton ) discusses the origins of the modern mathematical word stock. biographies of women mathematicians ( larry riddle ; agnes scott college ). mathematicians of the african diaspora ( scott w. williams ; university at buffalo ). notes for maa minicourse : teaching a course in the history of mathematics. ( 2009 ) ( v. frederick rickey & victor j. katz ). ancient rome : the odometer of vitruv. pictorial ( moving ) re - construction of vi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics
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we show that low temperature specific heat ( c $ _ p $ ) of the incommensurate chain - ladder system sr $ _ { 14 } $ cu $ _ { 24 } $ o $ _ { 41 } $ is enriched by the presence of a rather large excess contribution of non - magnetic origin. diluted al doping at the cu site or annealing the crystal in an o $ _ 2 $ atmosphere suppresses this feature considerably. using the thz time - domain spectroscopy, we show that the occurrence of excess specific heat is associated with the presence of very low - energy ( $ \ sim $ 1 mev ) gapped phonon modes that originate due to the sliding motion of oppositely charged mutually incommensurate chain and ladder layers.
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arxiv:1808.00947
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in the littlest higgs model with t - parity ( lht ), we study the single production of vector - like top partner with the subsequent decay $ t _ { + } \ to wb $ in the leptonic channel at the $ ep $ colliders. focus on the lhec ( $ \ sqrt { s } $ = 1. 98 tev ) and fcc - eh ( $ \ sqrt { s } $ = 5. 29 tev ), we investigate the observability of the single top partner production with the unpolarized and polarized electron beams, respectively. as a result, the statistical significance can be enhanced by the polarized electron beams. under the current constraints, the search for $ t _ { + } $ in the $ wb $ channel at the lhec cannot provide a stronger limit on the top partner mass. by contrast, the search for the $ t _ { + } $ in this channel at the fcc - eh with polarized $ e ^ - $ beams can exclude the top partner mass up to 1350 gev, 1500 gev and 1565 gev with integrated luminosities of 100 fb $ ^ { - 1 } $, 1000 fb $ ^ { - 1 } $ and 3000 fb $ ^ { - 1 } $ at the 2 $ \ sigma $ level, which is an improvement with respect to the current indirect searches and the lhc direct searches. furthermore, we also give an extrapolation to the high - luminosity lhc with $ \ sqrt { s } = 14 $ tev and $ l = 3000 ~ \ rm { fb } ^ { - 1 } $. our results show that the lht model is still a natural solution to the shortcomings of the electroweak and scalar sector although it has been constrained severely.
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arxiv:1904.07434
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in previous work, we proposed a logic - based framework in which computation is the execution of actions in an attempt to make reactive rules of the form if antecedent then consequent true in a canonical model of a logic program determined by an initial state, sequence of events, and the resulting sequence of subsequent states. in this model - theoretic semantics, reactive rules are the driving force, and logic programs play only a supporting role. in the canonical model, states, actions and other events are represented with timestamps. but in the operational semantics, for the sake of efficiency, timestamps are omitted and only the current state is maintained. state transitions are performed reactively by executing actions to make the consequents of rules true whenever the antecedents become true. this operational semantics is sound, but incomplete. it cannot make reactive rules true by preventing their antecedents from becoming true, or by proactively making their consequents true before their antecedents become true. in this paper, we characterize the notion of reactive model, and prove that the operational semantics can generate all and only such models. in order to focus on the main issues, we omit the logic programming component of the framework.
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arxiv:1601.00529
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we present an analysis of two key sets of data constraining the high $ x $ gluon at up to approximate n $ { } ^ 3 $ lo in qcd within the msht global pdf fitting framework. we begin with lhc 7 and 8 tev inclusive jet and dijet production at both nnlo and an $ { } ^ 3 $ lo. this makes use of the formalism established in the previous global msht20an $ { } ^ 3 $ lo pdf fit, but now considers the role of dijet production for the first time at this order. we present a detailed comparison of the fit quality and pdf impact for both cases, and consider the role that electroweak corrections, and the scale choice for inclusive jet production has. some mild tension between these data sets in the impact on the high $ x $ gluon is seen at nnlo, but this is largely eliminated at an $ { } ^ 3 $ lo. while a good fit quality to the dijet data is achieved at both orders, the fit quality to the inclusive jet data is relatively poor. we examine the impact of including full colour corrections in a global pdf fit for the first time, finding this to be relatively mild. we also revisit the fit to the atlas 8 tev $ z $ $ p _ t $ data, considering the role that the $ p _ t $ cuts, data selection and different aspects of the an $ { } ^ 3 $ lo treatment have on the fit quality and pdf impact. we observe that in all cases the an $ { } ^ 3 $ lo fit quality is consistently improved relative to the nnlo, indicating a clear preference for higher order theory for these data.
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arxiv:2312.12505
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in this article, we study the axial - vector tetraquark state and two - quark - tetraquark mixed state consist of light quarks using the qcd sum rules. the present predictions disfavor assigning the $ a _ 1 ( 1420 ) $ as the axial - vector tetraquark state with $ j ^ { pc } = 1 ^ { + + } $, while support assigning the $ a _ 1 ( 1420 ) $ as the axial - vector two - quark - tetraquark mixed state.
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arxiv:1401.1134
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we study the scattering problem of photon and polariton in a one - dimensional coupled - cavity system. analytical approximate analysis and numerical simulation show that a photon can stimulate the photon emission from a polariton through polariton - photon collisions. this observation opens the possibility of photon - stimulated transition from insulating to radiative phase in a coupled - cavity qed system. inversely, we also find that a polariton can be generated by a two - photon raman scattering process. this paves the way towards single photon storage by the aid of atom - cavity interaction.
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arxiv:1503.00447
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application developers often place executable assertions - - equipped with program - specific predicates - - in their system, targeting programming errors. however, these detectors can detect data errors resulting from transient hardware faults in main memory as well. but while an assertion reduces silent data corruptions ( sdcs ) in the program state they check, they add runtime to the target program that increases the attack surface for the remaining state. this article outlines an approach to find an optimal subset of assertions that minimizes the sdc count, without the need to run fault - injection experiments for every possible assertion subset.
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arxiv:1608.06144
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this work originates from chapters v and vii of grothendieck ' s manuscript pursuing stacks, which contains a series of questions, as well as a previously unexplored formalism, concerning the interactions between the notion of test categories and homology. the main objective of this thesis is to exhibit homotopical dold - kan correspondences in the context of test categories. more precisely, we introduce, following grothendieck, a functor generalizing simplicial homology, from the category of abelian presheaves over any small category to the derived category of abelian groups in non - negative homological degree. we then look for conditions ensuring that this functor induces an equivalence of categories, after localization by the class of morphisms whose image in the derived category is an isomorphism. generally, there exists a second class of weak equivalences, arising from the theory of test categories, on the category of abelian presheaves, and we call whitehead categories those small categories for which these two classes coincide, generalizing the case of $ \ delta $. we show that important examples of test categories are whitehead categories, notably joyal ' s category $ \ theta $. we construct, for any whitehead local test category, a model category structure on its category of abelian presheaves with the weak equivalences mentioned above. we then prove that for any whitehead test category, the homology functor does induce an equivalence between the localized categories. we obtain this way many examples of homotopical dold - kan correspondences, including, among others, the category $ \ theta $.
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arxiv:2505.08321
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i review work on diffractive vector meson production in photon - proton collisions at high energy and large momentum transfer, accompanied by proton dissociation and a large rapidity gap. this process provides a test of the high energy scattering dynamics, but is also sensitive to the details of the treatment of the vector meson vertex. the emphasis is on the description of the process by a solution of the non - forward bfkl equation, i. e. the equation describing the evolution of scattering amplitudes in the high - energy limit of qcd. the formation of the vector meson and the non - perturbative modeling needed is also briefly discussed.
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arxiv:hep-ph/0410073
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we show the short - time existence and uniqueness of solutions for the motion of an evolving hypersurface in contact with a solid container driven by volume - preserving mean curvature flow ( mcf ) taking line tension effects on the boundary into account. difficulties arise due to dynamic boundary conditions and due to the contact angle and the non - local nature of the resulting second order, nonlinear pde. in addition, we prove the same result for the willmore flow with line tension, which results in a nonlinear pde of fourth order. for both flows we will use a hanzawa transformation to write the flows as graphs over a fixed reference hypersurface.
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arxiv:1403.1132
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in this paper, we compute the dimension of the hochschild cohomology groups of any $ m $ - cluster tilted algebra of type $ \ tilde { \ mathbb { a } } $. moreover, we give conditions on the bounded quiver of an $ m $ - cluster tilted algebra $ \ lambda $ of type $ \ tilde { \ mathbb { a } } $ such that the gerstenhaber algebra $ \ operatorname { hh } ^ * ( \ lambda ) $ has non - trivial multiplicative structures. we also show that the derived class of gentle $ m $ - cluster tilted algebras is not always completely determined by the hochschild cohomology.
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arxiv:1705.02312
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we study 3 - valent maps $ m _ n ( p, q ) $ consisting of a ring of $ n $ $ q $ - gons whose the inner and outer domains are filled by $ p $ - gons, for $ p, q \ ge 3 $. we describe a domain in the space of parameters $ p $, $ q $, and $ n $, for which such a map may exist. with four infinite sequences of maps - prisms $ m _ p ( p \ ge 3, 4 ) $, $ m _ 4 ( 4, q \ ge 4 ) $, $ m _ 4 ( 5, 5t + 2 \ ge 7 ) $, $ m _ 4 ( 5, 5t + 3 \ ge 8 ) $, we give 20 sporadic ones. the maps whose $ p $ - gons form two paths are first two infinite sequences and 5 maps : $ m _ { 28 } ( 7, 5 ) $, $ m _ { 12 } ( 6, 5 ) $, $ m _ { 10 } ( 5, 6 ) $, $ m _ { 20 } ( 5, 7 ) $, $ m _ { 2 } ( 3, 6 ) $
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arxiv:math/0005269
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we present the results of multisite observations spanning two years on the pre - - main - sequence ( pms ) star v351 ori. a total of around 180 hours of observations over 29 nights have been collected, allowing us to measure five different periodicities, most likely related to the delta scuti variability of v351 ori. comparison with the predictions of linear nonadiabatic radial pulsation models put stringent constraints on the stellar parameters and indicate that the distance to v351 ori is intermediate between the lower limit measured by hipparcos ( 210 pc ) and that of the orion nebula ( 450 pc ). however, radial pulsation models are unable to reproduce all of the observed frequencies with a single choice of ( m, l, and te ), suggesting the presence of additional nonradial modes.
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arxiv:astro-ph/0306549
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