instruction
stringlengths 12
54
| answer
stringlengths 31
415
|
|---|---|
What is a 360 degree collision avoidance system?
|
The sensing of threats and hazards within a 360 degree awareness of the position of other vehicles and the threat or hazard they present. The system also calculates risk, issues driver advisories or warnings, or takes preemptive actions to avoid and mitigate potential accidents.
|
What is an adit?
|
An underground tunnel on a mine that follows a seam or vein of ore, which can be used for access or drainage purposes.
|
What is an alloy stream?
|
A patented process which is used to convert ore directly into a metal. The process, which was developed by a company called Exxaro, is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than other similar approaches.
|
What is an assay?
|
The testing of an ore to determine the content of valuable minerals.
|
What is automation?
|
The technique of making an apparatus, process, or system operate automatically. It is the creation and application of technology to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services.
|
What is the back in mining?
|
The roof or upper part in any underground mining cavity.
|
What are base metals?
|
Natural metals, such as copper and nickel, that are more readily available and less expensive than their precious metal cousins such as gold.
|
What is a bed in mining?
|
A layer or stratum of minerals.
|
What is a bench in an underground mine?
|
The horizontal low ledge or floor on which material is quarried or worked on.
|
What is beneficiation?
|
Any process that improves the value of ore by removing waste.
|
What is bioleaching?
|
An environmentally friendly method of extracting precious metals, such as gold, from the ore in which it is embedded by using bacterial microorganisms.
|
What is a blast hole?
|
A hole drilled into a material due to be blasted, to contain the explosive charge.
|
What is a blind sink?
|
The establishment of a 'hole' in the ground from surface to a required depth, by creating a shaft collar and then drilling, blasting, loading the blasted rock to surface and shaft lining.
|
What is bord and pillar mining?
|
A system of coal mining in which tunnels are driven in a checkerboard pattern with massive square pillars between them. These are gradually cut away as the work proceeds.
|
What is brownfield exploration?
|
Exploration work that’s done close to or at existing mines.
|
What is a bulk commodity?
|
The raw form of products such as iron ore and coal that is shipped and sold in large quantities.
|
What is a collar in mining?
|
The term applied to the timber or concrete around or on top of a shaft; the starting point of shaft or drill hole at the surface.
|
What is a concept study in mining?
|
A business case to determine whether it’s worth proceeding to extract ore from a specific area or mine.
|
What is comminution?
|
The process of reducing the size of a particle by crushing and grinding it, using crusher machines.
|
What is a concentrate in mining?
|
What is left after the raw ore has been ground down and the waste has been removed.
|
What is a core or core sample?
|
A sample of rock that has been drilled out of the potential mine area.
|
What is cut off in mining?
|
Low grade ore that can just about be mined profitably.
|
What is a collision avoidance system?
|
Systems installed to help vehicles and heavy machinery at mines avoid each other and people in adverse conditions such as dust, fog, or heavy rain.
|
What is a decline tunnel?
|
A tunnel driven from the surface towards the base of the mine to allow vehicles and equipment to go in and out of the mine.
|
What is a deposit in mining?
|
An amount of ore or mineral that makes exploitation worthwhile.
|
What is a diamond drill?
|
A drill used to collect core samples from rock.
|
What is a drift in mining?
|
A horizontal passageway underground, which follows the vein or seam of the mineral ore.
|
What is a drift mine?
|
An underground coal mine that is accessed above water level. These are usually situated on the slope of a hill.
|
What is electro-refining?
|
The use of electrolysis to improve the purity of the metal extracted from ore.
|
What is electro-winning?
|
A process that uses electric currents to remove metal ions from liquid solutions, usually to recover precious metals.
|
What is endowment in mining?
|
The full economic potential of an area due to be mined.
|
What is face drilling?
|
A method used in conventional mining to drill a hole in the coalbed for inserting explosive charges. The holes are drilled into the rock and packed with explosives.
|
What is fine-grained material?
|
A material consisting of very small particles, each with an average size smaller than 1 mm in diameter.
|
What is first class ore?
|
Ore of sufficient quality to be sent to market without any treatment or processing.
|
What is a fleet monitoring collision avoidance system?
|
The basic hardware and software infrastructure required to provide fleet monitoring capabilities. This system provides information about haul truck utilization without any additional communication infrastructure.
|
What is float in mining?
|
Pieces of rock that become separated from the main body over time.
|
What is the footwall in a mine?
|
The area below where ore is present in a mine.
|
What is froth flotation?
|
A process used to separate water-loving materials from material that repel water. In mining it’s used to separate valuable mineral or metal from waste material making it gather on the surface of a ‘froth’ layer.
|
What is gangue?
|
The worthless material surrounds or is mixed with the mineral in ore.
|
What is grade in mining?
|
The amount of mineral contained in a piece of ore.
|
What does it mean to grind in mining?
|
To crush ore into grains or powder.
|
What is ground-penetrating radar?
|
Radar used to scan images of what lies beneath the surface.
|
What is the hanging wall in a mine?
|
The area above where the ore is present in a mine.
|
What is hydrometallurgy?
|
A method of extracting minerals/metals from ore using water-based liquids.
|
What is iron ore?
|
Rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be profitably extracted.
|
What does inbye mean in mining?
|
The direction in a coal mine away from the pit shaft towards the coal face.
|
What is a jig in mining?
|
A machine used to collect concentrates of ore.
|
What is Koepe winding?
|
A system of winding, using the friction between the winding ropes and the drive pulley, used in coal mines. It was developed in Germany and introduced to England by the National Coal Board.
|
What is leaching?
|
A method of extracting minerals from ore using a technique that converts them into soluble salts in a liquid.
|
What is the life of mine?
|
The plan for the way in which a company will mine in a particular area and for how long.
|
What is liberation in mining?
|
The crushing, grinding and sieving of ore.
|
What is a load haul dumper in mining?
|
Vehicles used in underground mines to load and transport ore and minerals. They can be operated manually or automatically.
|
What is a lode?
|
A mineral deposit contained in solid rock.
|
What is longwall mining?
|
A form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice.
|
What is metallurgy?
|
The art of working metals, especially extracting them from their ores.
|
What is a mine value chain?
|
The entire mining process, from the moment the potential of an area is identified to the day product is delivered to customers.
|
What is mine recovery?
|
The percentage of mined ore that makes it to the processing plant.
|
What is a mineral?
|
A chemical compound, such as copper or iron, formed into crystals by geological processes.
|
What is muck in mining?
|
In open pit mining, muck is the ore that has been broken into pieces by explosives. In underground mining, muck is the clearing up that’s done after blasting to sort the rich ore from the poor rock.
|
What is non-destructive testing?
|
A way to measure the integrity of materials or structures, without causing any harm.
|
What is opencast mining?
|
A method of mining rock or minerals by removing them from an open-pit mine situated close to the surface above ground.
|
What does outbye mean in mining?
|
Going towards the pit shaft from the coal face.
|
What is an outcrop?
|
A place where a coal seam is exposed at the surface.
|
What is ore?
|
Rock from which we can extract valuable minerals and metals.
|
What is pit de-watering?
|
The removal of water by pumping or evaporation to remove or drain groundwater or surface water from a site or mine shaft.
|
What are precious metals?
|
Rare and sought-after, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements regarded as investments or used in industry. Examples include gold, silver and the platinum group metals or PGMS: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.
|
What is pre-feasibility?
|
A detailed examination of the business case for mining in a particular location.
|
What is processing in mining?
|
Extracting metals and minerals from ore and then purifying them.
|
What is process recovery?
|
The percentage of product we can extract by processing.
|
What is production in mining?
|
The amount of ore mined in a specific timescale, which is often measured on a quarterly basis.
|
What is quartz?
|
One of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust.
|
What is quartoze?
|
Sedimentary rock made up primarily of quartz.
|
What is refining?
|
To produce the pure state of a commodity from its ore.
|
What is rehabilitation in mining?
|
Leaving the mine area in the condition in which you find it or the condition agreed with the local community.
|
What is reject in mining?
|
The coarse (pebbles) and fine (tailings) waste produced at processing plants.
|
What is a reserve in mining?
|
Resources of coal, ore or minerals which can be mined profitably under existing conditions.
|
What is a resource?
|
A naturally occurring liquid, solid or gas in the earth’s crust that can be extracted for profit.
|
What is roof bolting?
|
A common application in underground coal mines for securing the mine roof to be self-supportive.
|
What is run of mine (ROM)?
|
Ore that’s mined and ready to go to the processing plant.
|
What is a seam in mining?
|
An underground layer of a mineral such as coal.
|
What is a shaft in mining?
|
A column that runs down to the bottom of the mine. It is used to transport people, ore and equipment up and down the mine.
|
What is shaft sinking?
|
The activity of establishing a vertical or declined tunnel to obtain the precious metal and/or mineral.
|
What is slope stability?
|
The walls of a pit have a certain slope (stepped, benched or side) determined by the strength of the rock mass and other factors. The stability of these walls and even of individual benches and groups of benches, is very important particularly as the pit gets deeper. Increasing the pit slope angle by only a few degrees can decrease stripping costs tremendously or increase revenues through increased ore recovery.
|
What is stripping ratio in mining?
|
The amount of waste rock mined relative to the of ore rock mined.
|
What is a stope?
|
A step-like excavation that’s formed as ore is removed from around the mine shaft.
|
What is a tailings dam?
|
A dam used to store the waste byproducts or tailings produced during the process of extracting the valuable commodity/product from ore.
|
What is a tunnel boring machine?
|
A machine that is used as an alternative to drilling and blasting. These machines can excavate tunnels with a circular cross section and can bore through anything from hard rock to sand.
|
What is transformation in mining?
|
The refining and smelting of metal.
|
What is a vein?
|
A fracture or crack in a rock that contains mineralized material.
|
What is a vug?
|
A small to medium-size rock crevice or cavity.
|
What is waste in mining?
|
Rock that is mined but not processed.
|
What is a working face?
|
The location where ore and waste is removed from solid rock.
|
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 10