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41033703
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moselle%27s%206th%20constituency
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Moselle's 6th constituency
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The 6th constituency of Moselle is one of the nine legislative constituencies in the Moselle département (Lorraine).
A member of La République En Marche!, Christophe Arend represents the constituency during the 15th legislature.
Geographic description and demographics
According to the division into constituencies by the law n°86-1197 of 24 November 1986, the 6th constituency of Moselle includes four cantons and thirty-one municipalities located in the arrondissement of Forbach :
Canton of Behren-lès-Forbach (fr) with thirteen municipalities : Behren-lès-Forbach, Bousbach, Cocheren, Diebling, Farschviller, Folkling, Metzing, Morsbach, Nousseviller-Saint-Nabor, Œting, Rosbruck, Tenteling, Théding
Canton of Forbach (fr) with one municipality : Forbach, the most populated city of the constituency
Canton of Freyming-Merlebach (fr) with ten municipalities : Barst, Béning-lès-Saint-Avold, Betting, Cappel, Farébersviller, Freyming-Merlebach, Guenviller, Henriville, Hoste, Seingbouse
Canton of Stiring-Wendel (fr) with eight municipalities : Alsting, Etzling, Forbach1, Kerbach, Petite-Rosselle, Schœneck, Spicheren, Stiring-Wendel
According to the national census conducted in 1999 by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), the legal population of the constituency was estimated at 110,486 inhabitants. The population of the constituency amounted to 106,636 inhabitants in 2008.
The canton of Stiring-Wendel includes a non-urbanized area of Forbach.
Historic Representation
On 1 October 1992, Charles Metzinger was elected as a Senator. He consequently left his seat which stayed vacant until the end of the 9th legislature.
Election results
2022
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* PS dissident, not supported by party or NUPES alliance.
2017
2012
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References
Sources
Moselle's 6th constituency : cartography, National Assembly (France)
Demographics about Moselle's 6th constituency in 2008, INSEE
Notes and portraits of the French MPs under the Fifth Republic, National Assembly (France)
Moselle's legislative constituencies (1958–1986) : MPs in the 6th constituency (Forbach), Atlaspol
2012 French legislative elections: Moselle's 6th constituency (first round and run-off), Minister of the Interior (France)
6
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41033706
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avallersuaq
|
Avallersuaq
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Avallersuaq, old spelling Avatdlerssuaq, is an uninhabited island of the Cape Farewell Archipelago in Kujalleq municipality of southern Greenland.
It is a small and rocky island located east of Itilleq Island (Egger). It has an elevation of . The small Saningassoq group of five islets lies to the north.
See also
List of islands of Greenland
Bibliography
References
Uninhabited islands of Greenland
Kujalleq
Cape Farewell Archipelago
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41033760
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catesby%20Tunnel
|
Catesby Tunnel
|
Catesby Tunnel is a disused railway tunnel in Northamptonshire on the route of the former Great Central Main Line. Its northern portal is about south of Catesby Viaduct and west of Upper Catesby, with the tunnel ending at Charwelton to the south. In terms of both length and gauge, Catesby Tunnel is unusually large, at wide, high, and long.
The tunnel was completed in 1897, and was closed in 1966 when the line was made redundant by British Rail. After lying abandoned and flooded for over 50 years, proposals were granted in 2017 for the conversion of the wide, straight tunnel into an aerodynamic test facility for road and race cars.
Description
The tunnel, its portals and air shafts are all lined and faced with hard Staffordshire blue brick and a total of about 30 million bricks were used. The tunnel has five air shafts; four are in Catesby parish and each has a diameter of . The fifth is in the neighbouring parish of Hellidon, and has a diameter of for greater airflow. About of material was dug out to make the tunnel, which is straight throughout due to the Great Central Railway (GCR) being built for speed and on a rising gradient of 1:176 to the south.
History
Construction
The Great Central Railway (GCR) intended its London Extension to pass through Catesby parish in a cutting. However, the occupant of Catesby House, Henry Attenborough, owned much of the land in the parish and insisted that the line pass beneath it in a tunnel to preserve the landscape. Thomas Oliver & Son of Horsham was the contractor to build the — section of the line. The first from the north portal were dug using cut-and-cover, with the remainder built by sinking nine construction shafts in 1895 (a Roman cinerary urn was found in one shaft), and completed the tunnel in May 1897. Unlike the tunnel construction of the earlier Victorian era, excavation was able to be accelerated through the use of Ruston steam navvies instead of being entirely dug by hand. The first services to use the tunnel were coal trains, which started running on 25 July 1898. The line opened fully on 15 March 1899.
Operation and closure
On 4 January 1906 a rail on the Down track broke and derailed an afternoon express from to with about 50 passengers aboard. The train was travelling at about and tore up about of track before it came to a halt. All five coaches were derailed and the last coach fouled the Up track, on which a goods train was due. The crew of the express acted to protect their train: the driver placed a detonator on one rail of the Up track and the guard sounded the train whistle, both of which gave the crew of the approaching Up goods enough warning to stop short of the wreckage.
British Railways closed the Great Central Main Line (GCML) through the tunnel on 5 September 1966, and the track was lifted shortly thereafter. With the withdrawal of a maintenance regime after closure, a blocked drain exacerbated water ingress such that a foot or more of floodwater filled some parts of the tunnel.
Redevelopment
Numerous reopening proposals for sections of the GCML have featured Catesby Tunnel. In 2000, Chiltern Railways expressed an interest in reopening the route to passengers as far as Rugby or even Leicester, though this never came forward. The trackbed was also included in failed proposals by Central Railway to build a new intermodal freight line from Liverpool to Europe. It was also part of a possible alignment explored during the planning phase of High Speed 2; the preferred route ended up following a course several miles further west.
Proposals emerged in 2014 to convert the tunnel into a vehicle testing facility. The planning approval was granted in February 2017. The facility allows performance, aerodynamics, air cooling and emissions to be analysed in a controlled environment at full scale, the only facility of its type for hire anywhere in the world. With the ends of the tunnel being preserved for roosting bats, about in the centre is available for testing. Cars will be able to maintain for about 40 seconds before braking. Public access to the tunnel will be offered on Sundays for cycling. Engineering work for conversion to a wind tunnel, including renovation of the drainage, was started in 2020 with a projected cost of £13 million. The facility opened as a test facility in summer 2021, with a remote-control turntable at the end.
See also
Laurel Hill Tunnel
References
Sources
External links
West Northamptonshire District
Derailments in England
Great Central Railway
Railway accidents in 1906
Railway tunnels in England
Tunnel disasters
Tunnels completed in 1897
1838 in London
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41033791
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcapillin
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Arcapillin
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Arcapillin is an α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor isolated from Artemisia capillaris.
References
Phosphatase inhibitors
Flavones
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41033792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20O%27Toole%20%28bishop%29
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Mark O'Toole (bishop)
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Mark O'Toole (born 22 June 1963) is a Roman Catholic Archbishop and is the current Archbishop of Cardiff and Bishop of Menevia.
Early life and education
O'Toole was born in Southwark, England, and attended St Ignatius Primary School, Stamford Hill and St Thomas More Secondary school in Wood Green, leaving in 1981 with four ‘A’ levels before going to the University of Leicester, where he graduated with a B.Sc. in geography in 1984.
He commenced his studies for the priesthood at Allen Hall Seminary in Chelsea and was ordained a priest on 9 June 1990 by Basil Hume for the Archdiocese of Westminster at the Church of St Ignatius, Stamford Hill, London.
Between 1990 and 1992 he studied for an M.Phil. in theology at the University of Oxford.
Between 2002 and 2008 he served as the private secretary to Cormac Murphy-O'Connor before his appointment as the rector of Allen Hall Seminary in September 2008.
Episcopal ministry
On 9 November 2013, O'Toole was appointed the ninth bishop of Plymouth by Pope Francis. He received his episcopal consecration on 28 January 2014. He was the first new bishop of England and Wales appointed by Pope Francis.
In O'Toole's homily during the Stella Maris Mass for seafarers on 25 September 2014 in Plymouth Cathedral, O'Toole expressed an affinity with the mission of the Apostleship of the Sea, the Catholic charity that provides pastoral and practical support to all seafarers. He said this was because his grandfather was something of a seafarer and fisherman who owned his own boat and made a living in trading goods and supplies off the West coast of Ireland.
On 27 April 2022, Pope Francis appointed O'Toole as Archbishop of Cardiff, succeeding George Stack. At the same time, he also appointed him Bishop of Menevia, thereby merging the two dioceses in persona Episcopi - in the person of the Bishop. His installation took place in Cardiff Cathedral on 20 June 2022, the feast day of Welsh martyrs Saints Julius and Aaron.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Roman Catholic clergy from London
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
Roman Catholic bishops of Plymouth
English people of Irish descent
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Roman Catholic bishops of Menevia
Roman Catholic archbishops of Cardiff
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41033799
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncitidae
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Uncitidae
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Uncitidae is an extinct family of brachiopods.
References
Paleobiology Database
Prehistoric protostome families
Brachiopod families
Devonian animals
Late Devonian animals
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41033837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sari%20diplomacy
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Sari diplomacy
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Sari diplomacy is the use of the sari by non-Asian women as a diplomatic uniform.
Cherie Blair was the first British First Lady to dress up in sarees and salwar suits on formal occasions.
Samantha Cameron, was also noted for her appearance at a Diwali event in London in silk saree which was described by Hello Magazine as "splendid".
References
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41033840
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelloflavone
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Morelloflavone
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Morelloflavone, an isolate of Garcinia dulcis, belongs to the family of biflavonoids and is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.
References
Flavonoids
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41033849
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGR
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KEGR
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KEGR may refer to:
KEGR-LP, a low-power radio station (94.1 FM) licensed to serve Wasilla, Alaska, United States
KLFG, a radio station (89.5 FM) licensed to serve Fort Dodge, Iowa, United States, which held the call sign KEGR from 2002 to 2013
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41033852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji%20Kai
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Haji Kai
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Haji Khatib Kai (born 10 October 1971) is a Tanzanian ACT Wazalendo politician and Member of Parliament for Micheweni constituency since 2010 to 2020.
References
Living people
1971 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Zanzibari politicians
Alliance for Change and Transparency politicians
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41033855
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%20Vida
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Mala Vida
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"Mala Vida" is the second single by French rock group Mano Negra, appearing on their 1988 debut album Patchanka. Written by lead singer Manu Chao, the song also appeared on a 1984 demo tape of the same name by Hot Pants, a predecessor to Mano Negra. "Mala Vida" was an early hit for Mano Negra and became a staple of the band's live shows and has been covered by several artists. The song has also been performed by Chao as a solo artist; a live performance of the song by Chao was recorded for his 2002 album Radio Bemba Sound System. Boucherie Productions, who published Patchanka, financed a music video for the song, which received airplay on national radio stations and TV channels in France. Mano Negra's success with the release of "Mala Vida" led the band to a contract with Virgin.
Cover versions
Notable cover versions of "Mala Vida" include:
Yuri Buenaventura, on the 2001 tribute album Mano Negra Illegal
Café Tacuba, on their 2005 live album Un Viaje (album)
Gogol Bordello, on their 2005 EP East Infection
Nouvelle Vague featuring Olivia Ruiz, on their 2010 album Couleurs Sur Paris
Элизиум (Elisium), on their 2014 album Cover Day
Belgian pop-punk band Janez Detd.
References
External links
1988 singles
1988 songs
Gogol Bordello songs
Spanish-language French songs
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41033886
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20%282013%20film%29
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Legacy (2013 film)
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Legacy is a British thriller television film that broadcast on BBC Two on 28 November 2013. It is an adaptation of Alan Judd's 2001 spy novel of the same name.
Plot
Charles Thoroughgood (Charlie Cox), a young spy, discovers the truth about his father's past. After leaving the army, he starts training at the Secret Intelligence Service when Viktor Koslov (Andrew Scott), a Soviet diplomat, gets him on a case. Charles' bosses want to exploit Viktor. When Charles makes contact with him, Viktor tells him information that he does not want to believe. Charles is also in a relationship with the wife of another agent.
Cast
Charlie Cox as Charles Thoroughood, a young spy
Romola Garai as Anna March
Simon Russell Beale as Hookey
Geraldine James as Martha
Christian McKay as Hugo March
Olivia Grant as Eva Pym
Richard McCabe as Gerry
Andrew Scott as Viktor Koslov, a Soviet diplomat
Tessa Peake-Jones as Joyce Thoroughgood
Robert Ashby as Annikov
Charlotte Randle as Emily
Barrie Martin as Protester
Alec Utgoff as Rhykov
Erick Hayden as CIA agent
Production
The screenplay was written by Paula Milne and directed by Pete Travis. Paula Milne said: Legacy falls well within the genre of the British spy thriller but has an extraordinary personal twist. For what is espionage if not betrayal at the most fundamental level of human interactions? When that occurs within a family... It's dynamite! The television film was commissioned by Ben Stephenson, controller of drama commissioning for the BBC, and Janice Hadlow, controller of BBC Two. The executive producers are Crawford Collins, Paula Milne and Alan Judd for Slim Film + Television and Lucy Richer for the BBC. Rob Bullock is the producer and Rebecca Ferguson the script executive. The television film was commissioned as part of BBC Two's Cold War season.
The production filmed in Deal, Kent, which doubled as a Suffolk village towards the end of the film where Charles follows Viktor. Deal Pier was also used for the scenes where Charles and Anna walk down the pier watching Viktor with his wife, who are being closely followed by the Russian KGB as well as the night scene where Charles and Viktor meet under the pier and discuss the KGB's plans to attack the Power Station.
Reception
Ratings
Overnight figures showed that Legacy was watched by 7.3% of the viewing audience, with 1.59 million viewers. Official figures raised the number of viewers to 1.85 million.
Critical reception
The Independent journalist Gerard Gilbert said: "I guess I'm just not sure that I entirely saw the point of Legacy beyond the fact that the BBC had decided to have a season of programmes about the Cold War." Keith Watson of Metro said that "despite great performances, Legacy got caught up in cloak-and-dagger cliché". The Daily Telegraph Gerard O'Donovan gave it three out of five stars and said he wished "the characters had been better drawn." Grace Dent of The Independent found the film boring and said "everyone in this Cold War thriller was brilliant, but I still fell asleep".
References
External links
English-language television shows
British television films
2013 television films
2013 films
Films shot in England
Films based on British novels
Films directed by Pete Travis
2010s English-language films
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41033913
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombo%20Khamis%20Kombo
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Kombo Khamis Kombo
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Kombo Khamis Kombo (born 15 February 1963) is a Tanzanian CUF politician and Member of Parliament for Mgogoni constituency since 2010.
References
Living people
1963 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Fidel Castro Secondary School alumni
Zanzibari politicians
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41033919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargachromanol
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Sargachromanol
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Sargachromanols are a group of related chemical compounds isolated from the brown alga Sargassum siliquastrum. At least 20 members of the class have been identified, named sargachromanol A through T. Sargachromanol G has in vitro anti-inflammatory effects in isolated mouse macrophage cells.
References
Brown algae
Chromanes
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41033934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redeem%20Tlang
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Redeem Tlang
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Redeem Tlang (born 22 February 1995) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Indian Super League club NorthEast United.
Career
Shillong Lajong
A product of the Shillong Lajong youth academy, forward Tlang had risen to prominence during 2013 Shillong First Division League, the second tier in Shillong’s football league structure, where he had scored goals for fun for his club, compelling coach Singto to bring him into the senior side. He made his professional debut for Shillong Lajong in the I-League on 28 October 2013 against Churchill Brothers at the Nehru Stadium; in which he came on as a substitute for Seikhohau Tuboi in the 78th minute; as Shillong Lajong drew the match 2-2. He scored his first senior team goal for Lajong in the 4-0 thrashing of Salgaocar in the 2014 Federation Cup.
Tlang would spend a total of 9 years at the club including youth years.
NorthEast United
Tlang was loaned to NorthEast United from Shillong Lajong for the Inaugural Indian Super League season. He would only make one appearance, coming on as a substitute in a 3-0 win against Chennaiyin.
Tlang would then join NorthEast on a permanent basis starting 2018–19 Indian Super League. He scored his first goal in the Indian Super league against Bengaluru in a 2-1 win. He was a regular during the season, making 19 appearances on the wing.
He scored his first goal of the 2019–20 against newly formed Odisha in a 2-1 win for his team. His second goal of the season came against Goa from the edge of the box in what proved to be a 2-2 stalemate on the 1st of November 2019.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Goa
Durand Cup: 2021
References
1995 births
Living people
Indian men's footballers
Shillong Lajong FC players
NorthEast United FC players
People from Shillong
Footballers from Meghalaya
I-League players
Indian Super League players
Men's association football forwards
FC Goa players
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41033944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%27s%20Fork%20%28Cumberland%20River%20tributary%29
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Martin's Fork (Cumberland River tributary)
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Martins Fork is a river in Bell and Harlan Counties in Kentucky in the United States. The river flows east and north from its source in the Cumberland Mountains, a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains, to its confluence with the Poor Fork at Baxter. The confluence marks the official beginning of the Cumberland River.
See also
Martins Fork Lake
List of rivers of Kentucky
References
Rivers of Kentucky
Tributaries of the Cumberland River
Rivers of Bell County, Kentucky
Rivers of Harlan County, Kentucky
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41033983
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isojacareubin
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Isojacareubin
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Isojacareubin is a xanthonoid natural product found in Hypericum japonicum.
It has been shown to have antibacterial activity. Isojacareubin also inhibits protein kinase C isoforms, and has activity in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
References
Xanthonoids
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41033984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said%20Suleiman%20Said
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Said Suleiman Said
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Said Suleiman Said (born 15 June 1958) is a Tanzanian CUF politician and Member of Parliament for Mtambwe constituency since 2010.
References
Living people
1958 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Kiponda Secondary School alumni
Utaani Secondary School alumni
Fidel Castro Secondary School alumni
Zanzibari politicians
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41033994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Russell%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201996%29
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Mark Russell (footballer, born 1996)
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Mark Russell (born 22 March 1926) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for NIFL Premiership side Portadown. He also regularly plays at left back/left wing back.
He began his career with Greenock Morton and made over 100 appearances for them, spending a short spell with Falkirk before spending two years playing in Ireland for Finn Harps.
Early life
Born in Paisley, Russell attended Gleniffer High School.
Club career
Russell moved into the professional game when he signed a full-time contract with Greenock Morton in the Scottish Championship as part of their new development squad.
He made his début for the club as an injury time substitute for Dougie Imrie in November 2013.
In June 2014, Russell signed a new two-year development squad contract with Morton.
Russell was included in the PFA Scotland League One Team of the Year for 2014-15 along with teammate Declan McManus.
In Autumn 2015, Russell rejected a new contract offer from Morton. A second offer was made, which Russell accepted in December 2015.
In June 2017, Russell signed up for a further season with the club.
Falkirk
He left Morton in June 2018 in search of a new challenge, signing a six-month contract with rival Championship club Falkirk. After making just four appearances for Falkirk, he was released by the club in January 2019.
Finn Harps
Shortly after leaving Falkirk, Russell trialled with League of Ireland Premier Division side Finn Harps, earning himself a one year deal at the Irish club. He featured in 29 games for the club, scoring one goal in the relegation play-offs, as Harps retained their place in the Premier Division.
Following speculation around his future, he signed a new one year extension for the 2020 season in January 2020.
2020 saw Russell having a successful season with Finn Harps. In the shortened 18 game season, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Russell scored three times as the Donegal side recorded their highest league finish in twenty years, with Russell playing a number of games as a support striker. In turn, he finished as the clubs top league goalscorer. The season ended in disappointment, however, as Harps were controversially beaten by Shamrock Rovers in the FAI Cup quarter final.
Russell signed on for a further year at Harps in January 2021, marking his third season in succession with the club.
Return to Greenock Morton
On 22 June 2021, Russell returned to Greenock Morton after a three-year spell away from the club.
Galway United
On 2 July 2022, he signed for League of Ireland First Division side Galway United until the end of the season. He made his debut on 8 July, coming off the bench for the last 5 minutes of a 3–0 win over Cobh Ramblers in what proved to be his only appearance for the club.
Portadown
Just one month later, on 4 August 2022 Russell moved club again, this time signing for NIFL Premiership club Portadown.
Career statistics
Honours
Morton
Scottish League One: Winners 2014–15
PFA Scotland League One Team of the Year: 2014–15
See also
Greenock Morton F.C. season 2013–14 | 2014–15 | 2015–16
References
External links
1996 births
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Falkirk F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Finn Harps F.C. players
League of Ireland players
Galway United F.C. players
Portadown F.C. players
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Professional Football League players
Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
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41034014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Gast%C3%A9
|
Georges Gasté
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Georges Gasté (August 30, 1869, in Paris – in 1910 in Madurai, India) is a French Orientalist painter and photographer.
Biography
Born Constant Georges Gasté on August 30, 1869, at 3, rue du Gindre in the 6th borough of Paris, he was born into a great painting family. His father, Henry Gasté (1845-1871), a native of Laval, was an art dealer, and was the son of Pierre Gasté (1820-1884) (Georges Gasté's grandfather) who is also an art dealer himself. He received his early art education at the Atelier Colarossi and at age 18 he enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux Arts at the Alexandre Cabanel Studio.
On a visit to Morocco, Algeria and Palestine in 1892, he marvelled at the quality of light he observed there. After this, he made the conscious decision to become an Orientalist artist. In 1893, the French Orientalist, Nasreddine Dinet noticed his work and invited him to stay at Bou Saâda in southern Algeria, where Dinet and a small group of French painters had set up an artists' colony. Fascinated by the local inhabitants, he found inspiration for his paintings, producing many portraits of them. For five years, between 1892 and 1898, he travelled across North Africa, visiting Algeria and Egypt. In 1907 he settled in Cairo. During this period, he rarely returned to his native France.
Eager to discover new horizons, Gasté sailed for India, which for him became a new source of inspiration for his paintings. In 1905, he settled in settled in Agra, the city of the Taj Mahal, in northern India. During this period, he travelled to Venice and then to Constantinople, before returning to India in 1907 and settling in Madurai. India was a major source of inspiration and there he took many photographs and executed many paintings and watercolours. This was to be the most productive period of his career.
In 1907, he was appointed as the official correspondent of the Orientalist Painters’ Society in India. In 1909, he was given rare permission to spend six months inside the great temple of Madurai. From this privilege, he produced several works, including: Le Bain des Brahmines, now in the collection of the Orsay Museum. He became known as the painter of India.
He died, at his studio in Madurai, India from an illness on 12 September 1910.
In 2013, an exhibition entitled Georges Gasté, un Orient d’ombre et de lumière (literally "Georges Gasté, an East[ern place made up] of light and shadow"), an exhibition that has been dedicated to the Montparnasse museum in Paris.
Work
His paintings of the Orient are noted for the authenticity, warmth and emotion. In 1913, he was acknowledged posthumously as the "Indies painter."
See also
List of Orientalist artists
Orientalism
Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français
References
Further reading
Aude De Toqueville, Georges Gasté : Un Orient d'ombre et de lumière (1869-1910), Editions musée du Montparnasse
Aude de Tocqueville, Georges Gasté: Traquer le soleil dans l’ombre (1869-1910),["Tracking the sun in the shadows"], (French Edition), Arthaud, 2013 ()
Lynne Thornton, Les Orientalistes, peintres voyageurs ("The Orientalist, travelling painters"), Courbevoie, ACR edition, Poche Couleur, 1994, ()
1869 births
1910 deaths
19th-century French painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French orientalists
French male painters
French photographers
Orientalist painters
19th-century French male artists
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41034031
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%202013%20mini-continuing%20resolutions
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October 2013 mini-continuing resolutions
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The October 2013 mini-continuing resolutions were a set of continuing resolutions that would have provided funding for a limited set of federal agencies during the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. The bills were part of a Republican strategy to fund portions of the government which have bipartisan support, in order to spare those agencies and programs from the effects of the shutdown. The bills all passed the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress, but (with one exception) were ignored by the United States Senate. These selective continuing resolutions became moot upon the passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 which funded the entire government, ending the shutdown.
On October 1, 2013, the federal government shut down due to a failure of the United States Congress to pass any appropriation legislation – regular or in the form of a continuing resolution – in order to fund the government in fiscal year 2014. In reaction to this shutdown, the Republican-led House of Representatives began introducing and passing a series of mini-continuing resolutions that would continue to fund smaller pieces of the government.
The Senate adjourned on October 7, 2013 with no solid plans to vote on any of the mini continuing resolutions on October 8, 2013. This was consistent with previous statements that the Senate would ignore the "piecemeal" or "mini" spending bills that were passed by the House. President Obama released a statement that if he were presented with H.J.Res. 77, he would veto the bill. The statement indicated that the president would veto all mini-appropriations bills because "consideration of appropriations bills in this fashion is not a serious or responsible way to run the United States Government." As a result, chances of the bill becoming law were considered to be "slim to none."
Background
Congress annually considers several appropriations measures, which provide funding for numerous activities. Appropriations measures are under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. In recent years these measures have provided approximately 35% to 39% of total federal spending, with the remainder comprising mandatory spending and net interest on the public debt. If regular bills are not enacted by the beginning of the new fiscal year on October 1, Congress adopts continuing resolutions to continue funding, generally until regular bills are enacted.
Fiscal year 2014 in the United States began on October 1, 2013. At that time, the government shutdown because no money had been appropriated to continue funding the government. Congress had not passed any of the introduced regular appropriation bills from earlier in 2013. In late September 2013, when it became clear that a shutdown was imminent, Congress began working on a continuing resolution, Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59), that would temporarily fund the government. The bill was passed by the House of Representatives on September 20, 2013. It would have funded the government until December 15, 2013, but also included measures to delay the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, commonly known as Obamacare. The Senate stripped the bill of the measures related to the Affordable Care Act, and passed it in revised form on Friday, September 27, 2013. The House put similar measures back and passed it again in the early morning hours on Sunday, September 29. The Senate refused to pass the bill while it still had measures to delay the Affordable Care Act, and the two sides could not develop a compromise bill by midnight on Monday, September 30, 2013, causing the federal government to shut down due to a lack of appropriated funds.
After the shutdown, the House and the Senate both continued to work on legislation that would restore funding to the government. House Republicans began writing "mini-appropriation" bills – continuing resolutions that would fund smaller pieces of the government.
Provisions in general
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.
Each bill would require the rate of operations for each such account to be calculated to reflect the full amount of any reduction required in FY2013 pursuant to: (1) the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, and (2) the presidential sequestration order dated March 1, 2013, except as attributable to budget authority made available by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-2).
They would also make appropriations and funds made available and authority granted under this joint resolution available until whichever of the following first occurs: (1) enactment into law of an appropriation for any project or activity provided for in this joint resolution, (2) enactment into law of the applicable appropriations Act for FY2014 without any provision for such project or activity, or (3) December 15, 2013.
The bills would require implementation of this joint resolution so that only the most limited funding action be taken in order to provide for continuation of projects and activities.
The bills would authorize amounts made available for civilian personnel compensation and benefits in each agency to be apportioned up to the rate for operations necessary to avoid furloughs in such agencies, consistent with the applicable appropriations Act for FY2013, except that such authority shall not be used until after the agency has taken all necessary actions to reduce or defer non-personnel-related administrative expenses.
Commentary
On October 7, 2013, conservative columnist Jim Geraghty of National Review Online accused Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of sadism for refusing to bring H.J.Res. 85 and several other mini-continuing resolutions to the Senate floor for a vote, saying that "Harry Reid doesn't want to minimize the pain of the shutdown. He wants to maximize it." Geraghty argued that if Harry Reid did bring these bills to the Senate floor, they would pass.
Speaking in favor of the bill, House Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers said that "the nine bills the House has passed since Oct. 1 to reopen the government — this will be the tenth — constitute nearly one-third of the federal government's discretionary budget." So, he asked, "why are these bills still sitting on Harry Reid's desk? Why is the Senate not making every stride they can to help our nation's disadvantaged children, hungry families and our veterans?" Democrats responded by repeating their demands that the House pass a "clean" continuing resolution.
The bills
National Park Service Operations and Capital Museums
The National Park Service Operations, Smithsonian Institution, National Gallery of Art, and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the National Park Service, which is the United States federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties. It would also provide funding for the Smithsonian Institution, a group of museums and research centers, and other major museums affected by the shutdown.
The bill would make appropriations for FY2014 for continuing projects or activities that were conducted in FY2013 and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made available by the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (division F of P.L. 113-6) under the following headings:
"Department of the Interior--National Park Service--Operation of the National Park System,"
"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum--Holocaust Memorial Museum,"
"Smithsonian Institution," and
"National Gallery of Art."
All 401 units of the National Park System have been closed to the public since the shutdown began, as Congress has not appropriated funding for their operations and maintenance. If H.J.Res. 70 were to pass, it would fund the operation and maintenance of these parks. Some conservative pundits, including Reince Priebus chair of the RNC, and some Republican lawmakers, including U.S. Senator Ted Cruz, have charged that some of the closures are unnecessary and being overzealously enforced at the behest of the Obama administration. The National Park Service has responded that it is legally mandated to protect national park lands and, in the absence of available staff to patrol, maintain and administer the areas, must close them to the public. The vast majority of the agency's staff have been furloughed, leaving only a limited number of law enforcement rangers and firefighters on duty to protect life and property. Richard Seamon, a law professor at the University of Idaho and former assistant solicitor general, told the Christian Science Monitor that the NPS risked vandalism, crime and legal liability if it left its properties open to the public during the shutdown. "If I were a lawyer for the Park Service, I'd advise it in no uncertain terms to close the parks to the public during the government shutdown, because it would be irresponsible to do otherwise. There are bound to be accidents or crimes that would have been avoided or ameliorated had officials been on duty to respond or patrol." Leaving the parks open, he said, "would be a veritable open season for criminals." A number of privately operated enterprises, such as the Claude Moore Colonial Farm, have also been required to close because they operate on or within National Park Service property that has been closed to the public. Various concession-operated visitor amenities have also been closed because the NPS staff who oversee concessionaires have been furloughed, preventing the agency from managing and directing concession operations. Pisgah Inn, a private business on the Blue Ridge Parkway which operates under a concession agreement with the NPS, attempted to defy the closure order. On Oct 4, park rangers blocked the entrance to the inn and turned away visitors.
On the first day of the shutdown, a large group of World War II veterans participating in an Honor Flight trip from Mississippi to the National World War II Memorial ignored the closure by the National Park Service and entered the memorial, alongside members of Congress of both political parties. The National Park Service declared that the gathering was protected by the First Amendment and rangers allowed the veterans to enter. The memorial is normally open to the public and patrolled by the U.S. Park Police 24 hours daily, and staffed by interpretive park rangers from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m.
District of Columbia
The District of Columbia Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for Washington, D.C., which has only limited autonomy from the federal government.
The bill would allow the District of Columbia to expend local funds under the heading "District of Columbia Funds" for such programs and activities under title IV of H.R. 2786 (113th Congress), as reported by the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, at the rate set forth under "District of Columbia Funds--Summary of Expenses" as included in the Fiscal Year 2014 Budget Request Act of 2013 (D.C. Act 20-127), as modified as of the date of the enactment of this joint resolution.
October 9, 2013, District Mayor Vincent C. Gray begged Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, "Sir, we are not a department of the government. We're simply trying to be able to spend our own money.". Reid replied "I'm on your side. Don't screw it up, okay? Don't screw it up.".
Veterans Benefits
The Veterans Benefits Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funds for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs for "veterans disability payments, the GI Bill, education training, and VA home loans under the same conditions as in effect at the end of the just completed fiscal year."
The bill would make appropriations for FY2014 for veterans' benefits, specifically for entitlements and other mandatory payments whose budget authority was provided in the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (division E of P.L. 113-6), to continue activities at the rate to maintain program levels under current law, under the authority and conditions provided in the applicable appropriations Act for FY2013, to be continued through December 15, 2013. The bill would allow obligations for mandatory payments due on or about the first day of any month that begins after October 2013 but not later than 30 days after December 15, 2013, to continue to be made and makes funds available for such payments.
The bill would provide amounts for "Department of Veterans Affairs--Departmental Administration--General Operating Expenses, Veterans Benefits Administration" at a specified rate for operations, subject to the authority and conditions as provided under P.L. 113-6, and would make them available to the extent and in the manner that would be provided by such Act.
Rep. Culberson argued in favor of the bill by that saying that it was necessary "to ensure that veterans their survivors receive disability compensation benefits," "to make sure that 517,000 low-income veterans and their family members receive their pensions," and "so that three-quarters of a million students will receive their post-9/11 GI education benefits." Democrats argued against passing any bill that doesn't fully fund the entire government. Prior to a vote on H.J.Res. 72, House Democrats tried to force a vote on the Senate-passed continuing resolution but failed to do so.
National Guard and reserve forces
The Pay Our Guard and Reserve Act () would provide funding for the "reserve components of the Armed Forces", a list which is defined as including the Army National Guard of the United States, the Army Reserve, the Navy Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Air Force Reserve, and the Coast Guard Reserve. The funding would cover "pay and allowances (for) reserve members of the military who participate in inactive-duty training during fiscal year 2014." The Congressional Budget Office reported the bill would result in a budget authority of $5.0 billion. Due to the Pay Our Military Act and other laws related to the shutdown, most of the Pentagon's 800,000 civilian workers and the American military's 1.3 million active-duty soldiers will get paid during the shutdown, but the 800,000 Guardsmen and reservists won't, unless a bill such as the Pay Our Guard and Reserve Act is passed.
The bill would make appropriations for FY2014, for any period during which interim or full-year appropriations for FY2014 are not in effect, for pay and allowances to members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces who perform inactive-duty training during FY2014.
The bill would make such appropriations, funds, and authority granted by this Act available until whichever of the following first occurs: (1) enactment of an appropriation for any purpose for which amounts are made available by this Act, (2) enactment of the applicable regular or continuing appropriations resolution or other Act without any appropriation for such purpose, or (3) January 1, 2015.
The "reserve components of the Armed Forces" are defined in section 10101 of title 10, United States Code. states:
The reserve components of the armed forces are:
(1) The Army National Guard of the United States.
(2) The Army Reserve.
(3) The Navy Reserve.
(4) The Marine Corps Reserve.
(5) The Air National Guard of the United States.
(6) The Air Force Reserve.
(7) The Coast Guard Reserve.
The Congressional Budget Office reported the bill would result in a budget authority of $5.0 billion.
Republicans argued that the Pay Our Guard and Reserve Act was necessary to correct an oversight in the Pay Our Military Act that was signed into law by President Obama on September 30, 2013. The bill would fund the military in the event that the federal government was shut down, as it was later that night. Some Republicans argued that it was not an oversight, but an incorrect interpretation of the law by the Department of Defense that was the problem. Representative Candice Miller (R-MI) said that "Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel has improperly furloughed countless Guardsmen and women across the country, in violation of the intent of law." The Pay Our Military Act only covered pay and allowances for full-time active duty National Guard and reserve members.
Republicans argued that the Pay Our Guard and Reserve Act was a bill that the two sides could cooperate on easily. Speaker of the House John Boehner pointed to the quick passage of the Pay Our Military Act only hours before the shutdown as an example of cooperation between Democrats and Republicans on an important issue. The act ensured that members of the military would still be paid if the federal government shut down. Boehner argued that because this was possible once, "we should have no trouble coming together and extending the same relief to our National Guard and Reserves. These men and women make incredible sacrifices for our country, and they and their families deserve this certainty and fairness. The Senate should send this bill to the president's desk immediately." Representative Martha Roby (R-AL) agreed, saying that "we showed with the Pay Our Military Act that there were some things too important to let politics get in the way of funding. The financial security of our military families certainly is one. But isn't funding for veterans' services one, too? How about paying our national guardsmen and reservists, or making sure we have enough federal disaster funding?"
Democrats remained opposed to the bill, favoring a clean continuing resolution instead. Democrats, such as Rep. Pete Visclosky (D-IN) argued against the bill because "Congress still hasn't dealt with issues like military maintenance and procurement, research and development, and other important issues that would be covered by a full appropriations bill."
In Indiana, Governor Mike Pence announced that "On that first day of the federal shutdown, I ordered the Indiana National Guard to continue paying the 244 federally-reimbursed employees who provide support to the Guard," because "I consider the cost of approximately $33,000 a day a small price to pay for ensuring Indiana is prepared to handle any emergency."
On June 11, 2014, the United States Senate passed H.R. 3230 after changing the name to the Veterans' Access to Care through Choice, Accountability, and Transparency Act of 2014 and completely amending the text. It was used as a legislative vehicle for the new bill.
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the National Institutes of Health, the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research.
The bill would appropriate, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for FY2014, and for other purposes, such amounts as may be necessary, at a rate for operations as provided in the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (division F of P.L. 113-6), for continuing projects or activities (including the costs of direct loans and loan guarantees) not otherwise specifically provided for in this joint resolution, that were conducted in FY2013, and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made available by such Act to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for NIH under the heading "Department of Health and Human Services--National Institutes of Health."
Republicans criticized Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid for being opposed to passing the bill, which would, among other things, fund programs supporting sick children. Reid, upon being asked if he "would support NIH funding to help even one child with cancer," said "Why would we want to do that?" In response, Democrats criticized Republicans for playing different needy groups off one another by funding bills to support cancer treatment while failing to fund food programs.
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, a federal assistance program of the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for healthcare and nutrition of low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants and children under the age of five.
The bill would make appropriations, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the Department of Agriculture (USDA) for FY2014, and for other purposes, such amounts as may be necessary, at a rate for operations as provided in the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (division A of P.L. 113-6), for continuing projects or activities (including the costs of direct loans and loan guarantees) that are not otherwise specifically provided for in this joint resolution, that were conducted in FY2013, and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made available by such Act under the heading "Department of Agriculture--Domestic Food Programs--Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)."
Republicans argued in favor of the bill, with Rep. Robert Aderholf saying that "the WIC bill is the answer to Democratic complaints that the shutdown is threatening the nutrition of 8.7 million women, infants and children." Democrats argued that this bill did not go far enough because it failed to also fund food stamps. Although 22 Democrats did vote in favor of the bill in the House, most congressional Democrats continued to oppose the piecemeal funding of the government using mini-continuing resolutions, instead favoring the passage of a full continuing resolution.
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the Food and Drug Administration at the annual rate of $2.3 billion, the same funding it received in FY 2013. The bill funding provided by the bill would enable the FDA to "keep the FDA's important food and drug safety functions in place and also allow it to collect and spend user fees, which help the agency make approval or denial decision on new drugs and devices."
The bill would make appropriations, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for FY2014, and for other purposes, such amounts as may be necessary, at a rate for operations as provided in the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013 (division A of P.L. 113-6), for continuing projects or activities (including the costs of direct loans and loan guarantees) that are not otherwise specifically provided for in this joint resolution, that were conducted in FY2013, and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made available by such Act to the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the heading "Department of Health and Human Services--Food and Drug Administration."
A week before the shutdown, the FDA was preparing contingency plans in case of a shutdown. One concern was whether the agency would go ahead with ongoing drug reviews and advisory committee meetings, or if those meetings would be postponed. Approximately 45% of the FDA's 14,779 employees will be furloughed. The FDA will stop routine food safety inspections as well as most of its laboratory research. Employees will still handle emergencies and high-risk product recalls. The FDA posted a full list of "Medical Product Activities During the Federal Government Shutdown" with more details on their website. Due to the shutdown, the FDA quit routine inspections of "food manufacturers, warehouses, packers, distributors and other key links in the food production chain," whereas it would normally average 200 a week. The furloughed workers were also responsible for many tasks that involved catching issues or illnesses early, so only small crews are now monitoring consumer complaint databases or monitoring long-term threats. Some FDA staff members are still conducting inspections at U.S. ports.
Republicans argued in favor of the strategy of mini-continuing resolutions as a way to find points of agreement between the two parties in order to fund at least some of the government. Rep. Aderholt argued that Congress should pass the bill because "we need to also limit any damage to the millions of jobs impacted by FDA's work in the food and bio-science industries."
Democrats continued to insist of having a full continuing resolution that would fund the whole government and accused the Republicans of holding the government hostage. However, 20 House Democrats did vote in favor of the bill.
The Editorial Board of The New York Times wrote an op-ed expressing concern over the furlough of many FDA employees, raising the issue that many of the furloughed employees worked on long-term threat assessment issues that weren't considered essential in the short-run. The board's opinion was that "the longer Congressional Republicans allow the shutdown to continue, the greater the danger of harm".
Head Start
The Head Start Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the Head Start Program, a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. The program's services and resources are designed to foster stable family relationships, enhance children's physical and emotional well-being, and establish an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. The program would receive funding at a pace of $7.586 billion a year, but only through December 15, when the continuing resolution would expire.
The bill would provide funding for the Head Start Program, a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. The program would receive funding at a pace of $7.586 billion a year, but only through December 15, when the continuing resolution would expire.
The Head Start Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 would make appropriations, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the Head Start program for FY2014, and for other purposes, such amounts as may be necessary, at a rate for operations as provided in the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (division F of P.L. 113-6), for continuing all projects or activities under the Head Start Act (including the costs of direct loans and loan guarantees) that are not otherwise specifically provided for in this joint resolution, that were conducted in FY2013, and for which appropriations, funds, or other authority were made available to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) by such Act under the heading "Department of Health and Human Services--Administration for Children and Families, Children and Families Services Programs."
On October 8, 2013, John D. Arnold and his wife Laura donated $10 million to the National Head Start Association in response to the continuing government shutdown. Their donation will help pay for programs in Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Mississippi, the six states that have either already closed or are about to due to lack of funds. The programs in these six state serve 7,200 children. On November 1, programs in 41 other states and one US territory that serve 86,000 children will also run out of money. If funding is restored, the money will be repaid to the Arnolds as though it was a no-interest loan.
The shutdown also affected many Native American tribes; Head Start programs for American Indian children were among those programs. While no Indian Head Start programs closed immediately, several have grant cycles that would begin on November 1, forcing them to close down if the government shutdown, or a bill such as this one is passed, has not been resolved by then.
Federal Emergency Management Agency
The Federal Emergency Management Agency Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 () would provide funding for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which is responsible for coordinating a response to disasters that occur in the United States and that overwhelm the resources of local and state authorities.
The bill would fund the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The agency's primary purpose is to coordinate the response to a disaster that has occurred in the United States and that overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities.
Arguing in favor of the bill, Rep. Carter said that "We have a duty to ensure that our nation is adequately prepared for disasters, so that our states are fully supported with their required federal assistance," especially with a storm gathering in the Gulf. Thirty-two Democrats voted in favor of the bill. Despite this, most Democrats continued to oppose the piecemeal funding of the government using mini-continuing resolutions, instead favoring the passage of a full continuing resolution.
Department of Defense Survivor Benefits
This was the only one of the resolutions to pass the Senate and be signed into law.
Federal Aviation Administration
Border Security and Enforcement
National Nuclear Security Administration
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Education, and Indian Health Service
See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
United States federal government shutdown of 2013
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59)
Appropriation bill
Continuing resolution
References
External links
The New York Times: The Back and Forth Over the Shutdown and Debt Ceiling
United States federal appropriations in the 113th Congress
Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
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41034035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo%20W.%20Jandrell
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Theo W. Jandrell
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Theodore Walter Jandrell aka Theo W. Jandrell (19 August 1888 in Richmond, Cape Colony - 1968) was a South African teacher, principal of the Volksrust Primary School, educationist, inspector of schools, and prolific Afrikaans poet and folksong writer.
Jandrell was a major contributor to the FAK Volksangbundel, a compendium of Afrikaans songs with music first published in 1937. His lyrics drew inspiration from songwriters such as Stephen Foster and traditional European and American melodies. His "Bolandse Nooi'ntjie" was based on Foster's "Beautiful Dreamer".
Publications
"Kinders van die lig" Arranged and translated by Theo. W. Jandrell and Amy Catherine Walton (1956)
"Moeder en Kind, en ander gediggies" - Theo W. Jandrell (1924)
"Die Ou Murasie, en ander gediggies" - Theo W. Jandrell (1924)
"Die dageraad liederbundel vir laerskole (standerds IV tot VI)" : 63 songs for piano - Hugo Gutsche, Theo W Jandrell
References
External links
Words and music of Afrikaans folksongs
20th-century South African poets
South African songwriters
1888 births
1968 deaths
South African male poets
Afrikaans-language writers
20th-century South African male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niall%20Sheehy
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Niall Sheehy
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Niall Sheehy was a Gaelic footballer from Tralee, County Kerry. He played Gaelic football and hurling with his local club John Mitchels, he also played hurling with Austin Stacks. He was also a member of the senior Kerry county football team from the 1958 until 1965, where he was nicknamed "Eusébio" for his kicking ability. He also played for the Kerry county hurling team. His father was John Joe Sheehy. His brothers - Seán Óg and Paudie - both won All-Ireland titles with Kerry in the 1960s. Sheehy captained Kerry to the All-Ireland final in 1964, but lost out to Galway. He also won an All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship medal in 1961, Kerry's first All Ireland Hurling title since 1891, as well as 3 National Hurling League Div 2 titles.
At club level Sheehy was part of the famed John Mitchels team of the 1950s and 1960s, winning seven Kerry Senior Football Championships (1952, five in a row from 1959 to 1963 and again in 1966).
Honours
Club
John Mitchels
Kerry Senior Football Championship (7): 1952, 1959 (c), 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966
County
Kerry
Football
Munster Senior Football Championship (6): 1958, 1960, 1961 (c), 1962, 1963 (c), 1964 (c)
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (2): 1959, 1962
National Football League (2) 1961, 1963
Hurling
Munster Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1961
All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1961
National Hurling League Division 2 (3) 1957. 1963, 1968
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Dual players
John Mitchels (Kerry) Gaelic footballers
John Mitchels (Kerry) hurlers
Austin Stacks hurlers
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
Kerry inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Niall
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41034069
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya%20Gruzinskaya
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Darya Gruzinskaya
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Princess Darejan (), known in Russia as the tsarevna Darya Aleksandrovna Gruzinskaya () (died 1796) was a Georgian royal princess (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty. She was a daughter of Prince Alexander of Kartli.
She was married to Prince Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy (1760–1817) and had four children:
Sergey Trubetzkoy (1790-1860)
Alexander Trubetzkoy (1792-1853)
Pyotr Trubetzkoy (1793-1840)
Elizaveta Trubezkaya (1796-1870)
References
1796 deaths
Princesses from Georgia (country)
House of Mukhrani (royal line)
Year of birth missing
Deaths in childbirth
Trubetskoy family
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41034103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraxerol
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Taraxerol
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Taraxerol is a naturally-occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. It exists in various higher plants, including Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), Alnus glutinosa (Betulaceae), Litsea dealbata (Lauraceae), Skimmia spp. (Rutaceae), Dorstenia spp. (Moraceae), Maytenus spp. (Celastraceae), and Alchornea latifolia (Euphobiaceae). Taraxerol was named "alnulin" when it was first isolated in 1923 from the bark of the grey alder (Alnus incana L.) by Zellner and Röglsperger. It also had the name "skimmiol" when Takeda and Yosiki isolated it from Skimmia (Rutaceae). A large number of medicinal plants are known to have this compound in their leaves, roots or seed oil.
Chemistry
Structure
Taraxerol is an oleanan-3-ol with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13, a missing methyl group at position 14, and a double bond between 14 and 15. The dominant biological stereoisomer in plant leaves and in sediments has the taraxer-14-en-3β-ol configuration. Taraxerol is a double-bond isomer of β-amyrin, another important naturally-occurring triterpenoid in higher plants. It is a colorless solid under room temperature with an estimated melting point of 283.50 °C and boiling point of 490.70 °C. It is practically insoluble in water and has a solubility of 9.552 × 10−5 mg/L estimated from octanol-water partition coefficient.
Synthesis
While syntheses of pentacyclic triterpenoids in general have been proven challenging, partial synthesis of 11,12-α-oxidotaraxerol, an epoxide taraxerene derivative, has been reported by Ursprung et al. from α- and β-amyrin. Exposing an ethanolic solution of α- and β-amyrin in summer sunlight for 12 weeks yields a colorless precipitate, and saponification of the precipitate gives 11,12-α-oxidotaraxerol. Alternatively, the process could be accelerated by exposing ethanolic β-amyrin solution under ultraviolet light. In this case, the precipitate can be collected in less than 3 weeks.
Transformation in sediment
During early diagenesis, taraxerol loses its hydroxyl group and gets transformed to taraxer-14-ene. Taraxer-14-ene can undergo rapid isomerization to form 18β-olean-12-ene, in which the double bond can migrate and form a mixture of olean-12-ene, olean-13(18)-ene, and olean-18-ene. The oleanene isomers form rapidly from taraxerol rearrangements during diagenesis even under cool geothermal conditions. Further reduction during catagenesis of the three compounds gives predominantly 18α-oleanane and its counterpart 18β-oleanane as a minor product. The direct reduction product of taraxerol, taraxerane, is hardly present in natural sediments. Oleanane seems to be the dominant product as a result of the transformation process.
Biomarker
Taraxerol is usually present in minor amounts in plant extracts, and it can be used as a lipid biomarker for land plants. However, in many species of mangrove tree leaves, e.g. Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) and Rhizophora racemosa, taraxerol is present in very high levels. Therefore, it is used in various studies as a proxy for mangrove input. Within different mangrove species there also exist compositional differences. For example, Rhizophora mangle contains high levels of taraxerol, β-amyrin, germanicol, and lupeol, Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) consists mainly of lupeol, betulin, and β-sitosterol, and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) is marked by large quantities of lupeol and β-sitosterol.
Mangrove biomarker case study
Rhizophora racemosa represents the dominant mangrove species in equatorial and sub-equatorial west Africa. Versteegh et al. analyzed the leaf lipids of R. racemosa as well as surface sediments and sediment cores from Angola Basin and Cape Basin (southeast Atlantic) to assess the suitability of using taraxerol as a proxy for mangrove input in marine sediments. The hypothesis is that there should be a "base-level" for taraxerol in general sediments and elevated levels at places where Rhizophora has significant contribution.
Analysis suggests that taraxerol dominates the inside and the total composition of R. racemosa leaves (7.7 mg/g leaf). As a result, increase in taraxerol level relative to other higher plant biomarkers in sediments should indicate when and where Rhizophora contributes substantially. In the most part of SE Atlantic, taraxerol/normal C29 alkanes (n-C29) ratio in surface sediments is low. High ratios are observed in a zone along the continental slope, in which maxima always occur near present-day on shore mangrove trees. This pattern strongly corroborates the link between high levels of taraxerol and input from mangrove ecosystems. This link is also supported by a similar, though less prominent, trend in Rhizophora pollens.
Examination of the sediment cores reveals further connections between mangrove population, taraxerol levels, and climate conditions. One important climate condition is glaciation/deglaciation. During deglaciations when rates of sea level rise exceeded 12 cm/100 yr, mangrove populations could not persist due to lack of sediment supply. After this rate slowed down, mangrove populations can expand again in the freshly developed estuaries and deltas. Periods of mangrove development and rise in taraxerol levels in the basin, however, sometimes do not coincide with each other. In times of fast sea-level rise, coastal mangrove deposits can be transported to the basin, resulting in an increase in taraxerol input, while mangrove development would actually happen afterward. In some other cases where fluctuation in taraxerol levels was not related to sea-level changes, it can also be attributed to local climate variations in temperature and humidity.
Analysis methods
Analysis methods for the determination and quantification of taraxerol include gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).
GC/MS
There are several treatment procedures before running leaf or sediment samples containing taraxerol through GC/MS analysis. Dried and grinded samples are saponified with strong base (e.g. potassium hydroxide), extracted in polar solvent (e.g. dichloromethane), separated into fractions by column chromatography, and finally derivatized. Common choices for derivatization include N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and mixture of pyridine and bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), both of which aim to convert the free hydroxyl groups to trimethylsilyl ethers, making the molecules more non-polar and thus more suitable for GC/MS analysis. In GC/MS, taraxerol has a signature peak with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 204.
HPTLC
Alternatively, determination and quantification of taraxerol can also be achieved with good reliability and reproducibility using HPTLC. In this case, linear ascending development is performed (e.g. using hexane and ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) as mobile phase) in a twin trough glass chamber on TLC aluminum plates. Quantification can be achieved by spectrodensitometric scanning at a wavelength of 420 nm.
Pharmacological research
Taraxerol, like many triterpenoid compounds, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. It can disrupt the activation of the enzymes MAP3K7 (TAK1), protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), and NF-κB. By doing so, it may inhibit the expression of proinflammatory mediators in microphages.
Taraxerol also exhibits anti-carcinogenic activity. In vivo two-stage carcinogenesis tests of mouse skin tumor showed that taraxerol can inhibit the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by the tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
In addition, taraxerol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat's hippocampus.
See also
Taraxerol synthase
References
Triterpenes
Secondary alcohols
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41034105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Davies%20%28record%20producer%29
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Frank Davies (record producer)
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Francis William Harding Davies (born November 22, 1946) is a British-born Canadian record producer, music publisher, and founder of the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame (Panthéon des Auteurs et Compositeurs Canadiens). Davies has been a major contributor to the growth of Canada’s music industry and its creative community for more than four decades. He is credited with discovering, producing, publishing, and developing the careers of many celebrated artists and songwriters, as well as being an advocate for their status.
Davies received the Juno Awards 2014 Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award, recognizing individuals who have made a significant impact on the Canadian music industry.
Family and early life
Born in Northampton, England, the son of British politician John Davies, by his marriage to Vera Georgina Harding-Davies, the young Davies was educated at Windlesham House School near Brighton, Pangbourne College, and Strasbourg University, in north-east France. On June 1, 1972, he married the Canadian pop singer Lynda Squires, daughter of Ruth Mullen Squires. The marriage produced three children: Meghan Mae Harding Davies, now Ehrensperger; Emily Gwyneth Emerson Davies-Cohen; and Kate Theresa Georgina Davies.
Career as record producer and publisher
Davies started his music career in 1964 as a French correspondent to Billboard. He later worked for both EMI Records and Liberty Records in London until the late 1960s, before migrating to Canada in 1970. There, he co-founded the independent record label Daffodil (named after the national emblem of Wales and as a symbol of hope and new beginnings), which became the first Canadian label to be distributed by a'major' in that country, in the shape of Capitol/EMI. Davies signed Tom Cochrane, Crowbar, A Foot in Coldwater, the King Biscuit Boy, Klaatu and others to his label throughout the 1970s and published their songs. As a record producer, among other hits he produced for the label was the first CanCon single ever released, "Oh What A Feeling" (Crowbar), as well as A Foot in Coldwater’s classic rock hit "(Make Me Do) Anything You Want".
In 1978, alongside Daffodil, he formed Partisan Music, a production and publishing company that entered into an exclusive deal with a U.S. record company (Capitol) to develop talent for that label worldwide—a Canadian first. He brought artists including Alfie Zappacosta, Graham Shaw, and the Leggat Brothers to Capitol Records.
In early 1982, Davies put his label and production company on hold to become president of ATV Music Canada. At ATV, he developed the songwriting careers of Eddie Schwartz, David Tyson, Aldo Nova, the Pukka Orchestra, Headpins, Chilliwack, and Toronto, and became a full-time music publisher.
In 1986, as a result of ATV’s purchase by Michael Jackson, Davies formed The Music Publisher (TMP) and built it into Canada’s largest and most successful independent music publisher over the next 14 years. Frank sold TMP to Alliance Communications Corporation and A&F Music in 1994, staying on as its President/CEO until the end of 1999 at ,which time he founded the music consultancy firm he currently operates - L, Me Be Frank Inc.
TMP secured over 1,500 cover recordings, of the 5,000 Canadian songs Davies published, by artists as diverse as Joe Cocker, Bonnie Raitt, Alice Cooper, The Doobie Brothers, Tom Cochrane, Heart, Cher, Don Henley & Sheryl Crow, kd lang, Tanya Tucker, Alannah Myles, Loverboy, Terri Clark, Emmylou Harris, Wynonna, George Jones, Bette Midler, The Carpenters, Blue Öyster Cult, Amanda Marshall, The Pukka Orchestra and The Guess Who.
During the TMP years Davies signed and published the songs of songwriters and artists including Jane Siberry, Murray McLauchlan, Honeymoon Suite, Ron Hynes, Eddie Schwartz, Hagood Hardy, Dean McTaggart, Sherry Kean, Exchange, Ian Thomas/Boomers, Gil Grand, and John Capek; as well as American songwriters Byron Hill, Rick Braun, and Odie Blackmon. TMP opened a Nashville office in the mid-90s.
Since founding Let Me Be Frank Inc, Davies has been the executive producer for albums by Serena Ryder, who he brought to EMI Music, The Rankin Family, The Treasures whose debut was released by Universal in the spring, and he is currently working on the solo debut for Heather Rankin, the youngest member of the famed Cape Breton family. LMBF also publishes the works of longtime client and record producer David Tyson, is a consultant to corporate client Ole Media Management, and has consulted to Microsoft/Xbox, as well as the Department of Canadian Heritage, the Neighbouring Rights Collective of Canada, and to a variety of songwriters, artists and music publishers with respect to the sale and acquisition of their copyright catalogues.
Davies has served as a director on industry boards including CARAS (Vice President/Trustee), CMRRA (Chair), FACTOR, PROCAN, Canadian Music Publishers Association (CMPA), OMDC, SOCAN and the Socan Foundation (Chair).
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame
In 1998 he founded the non-profit Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame/Le panthéon des auteurs et compositeurs Canadiens (CSHF/PACC) serving as its Chairman until 2004. The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame has inducted Canadian songwriters such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, RUSH, Robbie Robertson, Joni Mitchell and Oscar Peterson.
Boards Served in Canada
CHAIRMAN - Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame (CSHF) 2000-2004
Ontario Media Development Corporation (OMDC) 2001-02
FOUNDING MEMBER - Canadian Independent Record Production Association (CIRPA) 1970
VICE-PRESIDENT & TRUSTEE - Canadian Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (CARAS) 1983-90
CHAIRMAN - The SOCAN Foundation 1990-97
Foundation to Assist Canadian Talent on Record (FACTOR) 1985-88
Society of Composers, Authors & Music Publishers (SOCAN) 1990-99
Performing Rights Organization of Canada (PROCAN) 1983-89
Music Promotion Foundation (MPF) 1985-90
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE - Canadian Music Publishers Association (CMPA) 1982-2000
CHAIRMAN - Canadian Musical Reproduction Rights Agency (CMRRA) 1982-2000
Awards
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame (CSHF) Special Achievement Award (2005)
SOCAN Society of Composers, Authors & Music Publishers of Canada Special Achievement Award (2004)
CARAS Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Dedicated Service Award (1993)
Juno Award Dedicated Service Award (1990)
MARQUEE MAGAZINE FRANK DAVIES named one of the "Top 30: Canadian Music's Power Brokers"
PROCAN AWARD Dedicated Service Award (1990)
THE RECORD 'Music Publisher of the Year' (1990)
THE RECORD 'Music Publisher of the Year' (1989)
RECORD WORLD MAGAZINE (US) Gold Label Award (1977)
References
Bibliography
Hon. Francis William Harding Davies in Canadian Who's Who, Vol. XLI (University of Toronto Press, 2006)
External links
Official website
1946 births
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
21st-century Canadian businesspeople
Canadian record producers
English emigrants to Canada
English expatriates in France
Living people
People educated at Pangbourne College
People educated at Windlesham House School
University of Strasbourg alumni
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41034120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajab%20Mohammed
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Rajab Mohammed
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Rajab Mbarouk Mohammed (born 2 November 1963) is a Tanzanian CUF politician and Member of Parliament for Ole constituency since 2010.
References
Living people
1963 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Zanzibari politicians
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41034124
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossese%20bianco
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Rossese bianco
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Rossese bianco is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown around the communes of Roddino and Sinio in the Langhe region of the province of Cuneo in Piedmont. While sharing the name Rossese with several Italian varieties (including Rossese di Dolceacqua, Grillo and Ruzzese), DNA profiling has shown that all these varieties have unique genetic profiles and appear to have no close relationship to each other.
Ampelographers believe that the name Rossese came from a description of the intense color of the Rossese berries with the many varieties that are known as Rossese having skin colors that range from deep red to pink to dark gold after veraison.
History
In 1596, Andrea Bacci of Sant'Elpidio a Mare, a winemaker who also served as a physician to Felice Peretti di Montalto before his elevation to Pope Sixtus V noted that a grape known as Rossese bianco or Roxeise had been producing wine of high quality and reputation since the 15th century. However, it is impossible to know if this grape is the Rossese bianco grape of Roddino and Sinio or one of the many other Italian wine grapes that have been known as Rossese.
Styles and wines
According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, the rare varietal examples of Rossese bianco tend to be light bodied with fresh flavors. It is a currently a permitted variety in the Denominazione di origine controllata wines of Langhe.
Synonyms
While many grape varieties share the name Rossese, as of 2013 there were no known synonyms for the Rossese bianco grown in Roddino and Sinio.
References
White wine grape varieties
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41034137
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoniscidae
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Pseudoniscidae
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Pseudoniscidae is an extinct family of synziphosurine chelicerates that lived in the Silurian. Pseudoniscidae is classified inside the clade Planaterga, alongside Bunodidae and Dekatriata (chasmataspidids, eurypterids and arachnids). Pseudoniscidae is composed by two genera, Cyamocephalus and Pseudoniscus (the type genus).
References
Synziphosurina
Planaterga
Silurian first appearances
Silurian arthropods
Silurian extinctions
Prehistoric arthropod families
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41034170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Croatian%20constitutional%20referendum
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2013 Croatian constitutional referendum
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A constitutional referendum was held in Croatia on 1 December 2013. The proposed amendment to the constitution would define marriage as being a union between a man and a woman, which would create a constitutional prohibition against same-sex marriage. 37.9% of eligible voters voted. After processing all of the ballots, the State Election Commission announced that 65.87% voted yes, 33.51% no and 0.57% of ballots were disregarded as invalid.
The referendum was called after a conservative organization U ime obitelji (“On Behalf of the Family”) gathered more than 700,000 signatures in May 2013 demanding a referendum on the subject. The initiative was supported by conservative political parties, the Catholic Church as well as by several other faith groups. The ruling left-wing coalition opposed the amendment along with numerous human rights organizations.
Political background
A petition in favor of the change was organized by a Catholic citizens' group 'On Behalf of the Family' (U ime obitelji) and collected over 700,000 signatures by May 2013. The initiative was a reaction to the government's proposal to legalize same-sex partnership. The referendum was approved following a vote in the Sabor on 8 November in which 104 of the 151 MPs voted in favor of holding a referendum.
The group Citizens Voting Against was formed from 88 civil society organizations (led GONG, Center for Peace Studies and Zagreb Pride), supported by numerous public persons, film actors and actresses, academics, activists and politicians, including media such as Novi list and Jutarnji list and musicians, such as Severina, Dubioza kolektiv, Let 3, Hladno pivo, TBF and others.
The Vote Against campaign claimed that the public faces of the initiative Željka Markić, Krešimir Planinić, Krešimir Miletić, Ladislav Ilčić, as well as members of their families, were simultaneously leaders of the referendum effort and candidates of the right wing political party HRAST. The Vote Against and the broader coalition of civil society organizations, Platform 112, claimed that the bank account listed on 'On behalf of the Family' web site does not belong to the initiative but an ad hoc registered association Građani odlučuju ("The citizens decide") which was founded by the vice-president of HRAST Krešimir Miletić.
Željka Markić was furthermore criticized by opponents for allegedly being a member of the controversial Catholic organization Opus Dei.
Constitutionality of the referendum question
Voters were asked the question:
After the initiative gathered enough signatures to hold a referendum, it was widely speculated that the referendum would still not be held. The political willingness in the Sabor to call a referendum was uncertain given that a left-wing coalition which opposed the proposed amendment held a majority of the seats.
However, in a session held on 8 November, the Sabor voted to call a national referendum, with 104 votes in favour, 13 against and five abstentions. A former Prime Minister and an independent MP Jadranka Kosor proposed that the request for the review of constitutionality of the referendum be submitted to the Constitutional Court. However, the two largest parties, the HDZ and SDP, did not embrace the proposal and it was rejected by 75 votes against and 39 in favour. The only political party of the ruling coalition that supported the constitutional review was the HNS.
After a two-day session, on 14 November the Constitutional Court of Croatia announced that there is no reason to over-rule the parliamentary vote on the referendum. The judges emphasized that the constitutionality of the referendum itself was not considered, because they believed that the Sabor had expressed its legal willingness to deem the referendum question compliant with the Constitution. However, they further emphasized that any possible amendment to the Constitution that defined marriage as a union of man and woman could not affect further development of the legal framework of the institution of extramarital and same-sex unions. The Constitutional Court did not rule on the constitutionality of the referendum because it was not officially requested to do so by the Croatian Parliament.
The judges were divided in opinion on whether the Constitutional Court should review the constitutionality of the referendum. Several of them pointed out that the Constitutional Court must give a statement on what the constitutional definition of marriage means for the position of LGBT minorities in Croatia. Others explained that the Constitutional Court did not need to respond to citizen proposals, because only the Sabor had the right to request a review of the constitutionality of the referendum question, but which it has refused to do when making the decision to call a referendum.
Campaign
The Prime Minister Zoran Milanović told HRT that he would vote against the proposal. President Ivo Josipović called the referendum unnecessary, without practical political consequences regardless of the outcome, and a waste of taxpayer money. The president furthermore commented that marriage has already been defined in Croatian law as a union of man and woman, but that the referendum question has a strong psychological effect with an underlying discriminatory message.
Tomislav Karamarko, leader of the conservative Croatian Democratic Union said he would vote in favor. Four other parties in the Parliament also supported the referendum; in total 104 of 151 members of the Croatian Parliament supported it.
Jutarnji list, one of the country's two largest newspapers, announced it would openly endorse the campaign against the amendment. A similar statement was later made by Novi list.
The Croatian Bishops' Conference called for Croatian Catholics to vote in favour of the constitutional amendment. Representatives from the Croatian Bishops' Conference, the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Macedonian Orthodox Church, the Reformed Christian (Calvinist) Church, the Baptist Union of Croatia, the Evangelical Pentecostal Church, the Bet Israel Jewish Community and the Mesihat of Croatia issued a joint statement in support of the referendum on 12 November. However, the Croatian Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Jewish Community of Zagreb opposed the proposed amendment. The Rabbinical Center of Europe has written a statement in support of the referendum and the civil initiative 'On behalf of the family', saying they were "very disturbed at reports that some have compared this pro-marriage initiative with the Nazi regime and the ideology of fascism".
Cardinal Josip Bozanić encouraged support for the amendment in a letter that was read in churches where he singled out heterosexual marriage as being the only kind of union that is capable of biologically producing children.
Bozanić repeatedly called the issue of marriage naming a serious issue for country's future and reiterated the viewpoint that it is not Church's intent to discriminate against anybody, but only to "preserve what we already have". He remarked that the referendum was an opportunity for Christians to practically manifest their fate by voting yes, by respecting God's intent and serving the Truth. He echoed his previous statements that marriage and family are not a private affair of the individual which they can shape as they see fit, but are of wider social significance and must not be experimented upon.
Media portrayal
The initiative and their goals were generally unfavorably reported by the mainstream Croatian media.
On the day of the referendum the initiative decided to forbid access to their headquarters to the journalists belonging to a group of selected media whom the initiative accused of bias, unprofessionalism and plagiarism. Among these were the Croatian Radiotelevision, the public broadcasting company, the most visited Croatian Internet portals Index.hr, Net.hr and T-portal, as well as all of the publications by Europapress Holding and Novi list. The initiative required of all of the journalists to submit their cell phone numbers, their home addresses, e-mail addresses as well as the name and e-mail address of their editors. This was strongly denounced by the Croatian Journalists' Association who invited all of the media to boycott the coverage of initiative on the referendum day, and emphasized the potential for the abuse of private information.
All of the major Croatia media have responded to the call and in solidarity with the banned journalists have completely boycotted the coverage of the initiative.
Opinion polls
A poll conducted in June 2013 revealed that 55.3% of Croats support the changes, while 31.1% said they were opposed.
Another poll from November revealed that 54.3% of respondents will vote for the proposal and 33.6% against. 12.1% of respondents said they were not sure. The same poll revealed that 85.7% of HDZ voters and 39.5% of SDP voters support the proposed amendment.
A poll published by HRT two days before the vote showed that 59% of respondents would vote for the proposal, 31% against and 10% did not answer.
Results
After processing all of the ballots, the State Election Commission announced that 65.87% voted yes, 33.51% no and 0.57% of ballots were disregarded as invalid. 37.9% of eligible voters have voted.
Pula, Rijeka, Varaždin and Čakovec were the only large cities, and Istria county and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County were the only counties where the majority of the voters voted no. The counties most supportive of changes were in the Croatian South: Šibenik-Knin, Split-Dalmatia, Dubrovnik-Neretva, and Brod-Posavina. This relative polarization of results between Croatian North and South has been interpreted by sociologists as closely connected to economic indicators as well as the extent to which the regions were affected by the war in the 1990s. In the capital Zagreb, 43.5% of voters voted no, which was interpreted as the capital being an amalgam of "largely incompatible tendencies".
Statistical analysis by electoral units has also indicated a strong correlation to political choices, with regions whose citizens voted for right-wing parties generally voting in favor of the referendum, while regions who voted for the left-wing coalition were largely against the referendum - albeit with many exceptions.
By county
Reactions
Negative reactions
The Prime Minister Zoran Milanović rejected accusations by civic initiatives that the government was complicit in calling the referendum. Milanović pointed out that the referendum was allowed by the constitution, that it is in no way related to the government, and no way does it change the existing definition of marriage according to Croatian laws. He further announced the upcoming enactment of the Law on Partnership, which will enable same-sex persons to form a lifetime partnership union. Such a union will share the same rights as that of marriage proper, apart from the fact that gay couples will not be able to adopt children, though they will be allowed to have custody of them.
Vesna Pusić, the First Deputy Prime Minister, also rejected accusations on government's responsibility, commenting that the referendum is result of an omission, when the threshold of 50 percent voter turnout was abolished to pass the 2012 EU membership referendum. Pusić contended that the threshold had protected certain groups from discrimination by a minority, but care was not taken to specifically exempt human, civil and minority rights from being the subject of referendum questions.
Hannes Swoboda, the President of the European Socialists, said that he "was deeply disappointed because he saw Croatia as an open and advanced society, and not as a country which prohibits happiness and equal rights".
Positive reactions
Hungary's ruling Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) welcomed the results, which cheered the approval of partnership based on "the order of nature" and the affirmation of marriage "in the Christian sense". According to the KDNP, it is the victory of the "European Christian values".
The Rabbinical Centre of Europe issued a statement that it was disturbed by comparisons between the initiative and the Nazi regime and totalitarian fascism, and that such statements were inappropriate and insulting to the memory of millions of their victims.
Croatian bishop Vlado Košić described the government official's opposition to the referendum as shocking, unacceptable and undemocratic, emphasizing that Croats are Catholic people, cherishing traditions by which they have lived for centuries. He accused the government of atheizing the population, being eager to erase their traditional values, and has called for their resignation.
See also
Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia
LGBT rights in Croatia
References
External links
Official results by State Election Committee (Interactive Map)
2013 in Croatia
Referendums in Croatia
2013 referendums
LGBT rights in Croatia
2013 in LGBT history
Same-sex marriage referendums
Opposition to same-sex marriage
Constitutional referendums
December 2013 events in Europe
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41034184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid%20Abdallah
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Rashid Abdallah
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Rashid Ali Abdallah (born 2 December 1959) is a Tanzanian CUF politician and Member of Parliament for Tumbe constituency since 2010.
References
Living people
1959 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Fidel Castro Secondary School alumni
Mzumbe University alumni
Zanzibari politicians
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41034195
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euan%20Murray%20%28footballer%29
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Euan Murray (footballer)
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Euan Murray (born 20 January 1994) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a defender for Raith Rovers.
He began his career at Motherwell and has also played for Arbroath, Clyde, Stenhousemuir, Dunfermline Athletic and Kilmarnock, as well as English clubs Barrow, Southport, and Hartlepool United and in the Solomon Islands for Western United.
Career
Murray is a product of the Motherwell Academy, regularly turning out for their under-20 squad. On 9 November 2013, Murray made his debut for Motherwell as a substitute in a 4–0 defeat against Dundee United.
Having left Motherwell at the end of the 2013–14 season, Murray played as a trialist for Arbroath against Berwick Rangers on 9 August 2014 before signing for Scottish League Two club Clyde on 19 September 2014. On 23 December 2014, he was released by Clyde. In 2015, Murray signed for Western United in the Solomon Islands ahead of their OFC Champions League campaign.
Having returned to Scotland, Murray signed for Stenhousemuir on 8 July 2015, however, he left the club in May 2016 after declining the offer of a new contract to pursue a full-time offer from an English club. On 22 July 2016, Murray signed for English National League club Barrow. He subsequently signed for Southport, before once again returning to Scotland, this time to sign with Scottish League One team Raith Rovers in June 2017.
After two seasons with the Rovers, Murray signed with Fife rivals Dunfermline Athletic in June 2019. Murray spent two season with Dunfermline before leaving the club at the end of his contract in May 2021. He subsequently joined recently relegated Kilmarnock on a two-year deal. He made 38 appearances in all competitions as the club won the Scottish Championship title.
On 24 June 2022, his contract with Kilmarnock had been cancelled by mutual consent. Later on the same day, it was announced that Murray had signed for League Two side Hartlepool United. On 17 July 2023, Murray's contract was terminated by mutual consent. Murray made 36 appearances for Hartlepool.
On 18 July 2023, Murray signed a two-year deal to return to Raith Rovers.
International career
Murray played one match for Scotland Under-18s against Serbia in April 2012.
Career statistics
Honours
Kilmarnock
Scottish Championship: 2021–22
Individual
PFA Scotland Team of the Year: 2018–19 Scottish League One, 2020–21 Scottish Championship
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Bellshill
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Arbroath F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Stenhousemuir F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Kilmarnock F.C. players
Scottish Professional Football League players
English Football League players
Scotland men's youth international footballers
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Solomon Islands
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41034207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrolimulidae
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Austrolimulidae
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Austrolimulidae is an extinct family of horseshoe crabs belonging to the infraorder Limulina. Members of the family are known from the Permian to the beginning of the Jurassic, though one species has been reported from the end of the Cretaceous. Austrolimulids are known for amongst the most extreme morphologies among Xiphosurids, including large elongated genal spines. Unlike living Limulids, Austrolimulids were likely adapted for freshwater and brackish environments. They are considered to be the sister group to Limulidae, the group that contains all modern horseshoe crabs.
Genera
†Austrolimulus Riek, 1955 Triassic, Beacon Hill Shale, NSW, Australia
†Attenborolimulus Bicknell, 2021 Triassic (Olenekian), Petropavlovka Formation, Cis-Urals, Russia
†Batracholimulus Wilde, 1987 Triassic (Rhaetian), Exter Formation, Germany
†Boeotiaspis Lamsdell, 2020 Carboniferous, United States (Jr. synonym)
†Casterolimulus Holland, Erickson & O'Brien, 1975 Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Fox Hills Formation, North Dakota, USA (Inconsistently placed in this family)
†Dubbolimulus Pickett 1984 Middle Triassic (Anisian) Napperby Formation, Australia
†Franconiolimulus Bicknell, Hecker & Heyng, 2021 Early Jurassic (Hettangian) , Germany
†Limulitella Schimper 1853 Middle Triassic (Anisian), Grés á Voltzia Formation, France
†Panduralimulus Allen and Feldmann 2005 Early Permian (Kungurian), Lueders Formation, Texas, USA
†Psammolimulus Lange 1923 Early-Middle Triassic, Solling Formation, Germany
†Tasmaniolimulus Bicknell, 2019 Early Triassic, Jackey Shale, Tasmania, Australia
†Vaderlimulus Lerner, Lucas and Lockley, 2017 Early Triassic (Olenekian) Thaynes Group, Idaho, USA
References
Xiphosura
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41034214
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachypleini
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Tachypleini
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The Tachypleini is the tribe of horseshoe crabs.
Genera
There are 2 genera in the tribe Tachypleini:
Carcinoscorpius Pocock, 1902
Tachypleus Leach, 1819
References
Xiphosura
Extant Miocene first appearances
Arthropod tribes
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41034242
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormiston%20Trust
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Ormiston Trust
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Ormiston Trust is a charitable trust based in London, England. It is a grant-making trust that chiefly assists schools and organisations supporting children and young people.
The trust was established in the memory of Fiona Ormiston Murray who died in a car crash with her husband on their honeymoon in 1969.
Much of the trust's work is accomplished through its two main subsidiaries - Ormiston Families and Ormiston Academies Trust.
Ormiston Families
Ormiston Families (formerly Ormiston Children and Families Trust) is registered charity that has some financial support from Ormiston Trust. It delivers a range of child and family centred programmes across the East of England including support for those affected by the imprisonment of a family member, services for new mothers and mothers to be, as well as mental health and wellbeing support services for children and young people.
Prison Visitor Centres
Ormiston Families operates Prison Visitor Centres in the following prisons:
HM Prison Bure
HM Prison Chelmsford
HM Prison Littlehey
HM Prison Norwich
HM Prison Wayland
HM Prison Highpoint
HM Prison Norwich
HM Prison Hollesley Bay
HM Prison Whitemoor
HM Prison Warren Hill
Ormiston Academies Trust
Ormiston Academies Trust (OAT) is a charity and incorporated company which operates schools with academy status.
Secondary schools
In total, there are 32 secondary schools operated by Ormiston Academies Trust. 8 in the North, 10 in the East, 5 in the South and 9 in the West.
Ormiston Bolingbroke Academy, Runcorn (N)
Broadland High Ormiston Academy, Hoveton (E)
Brownhills Ormiston Academy, Walsall (W)
Ormiston Bushfield Academy, Peterborough (S)
Ormiston Chadwick Academy, Widnes (N)
City of Norwich School, An Ormiston Academy, Norwich (E)
Cliff Park Ormiston Academy, Gorleston (E)
Cowes Enterprise College, An Ormiston Academy, Cowes (S)
Ormiston Denes Academy, Lowestoft (E)
Ormiston Endeavour Academy, Ipswich (S)
Flegg High Ormiston Academy, Martham (E)
Ormiston Forge Academy, Cradley Heath (W)
George Salter Academy, West Bromwich (W)
Ormiston Horizon Academy, Stoke-on-Trent (N)
Ormiston Ilkeston Enterprise Academy, Ilkeston (N)
Ormiston Maritime Academy, Grimsby (N)
Ormiston Meridian Academy, Stoke-on-Trent (N)
Ormiston NEW Academy, Fordhouses (W)
Ormiston Park Academy, South Ockendon (S)
Ormiston Rivers Academy, Burnham-on-Crouch (S)
Ormiston Sandwell Community Academy, Tividale (W)
Sandymoor Ormiston Academy, Runcorn, (N)
Ormiston Shelfield Community Academy, Pelsall (W)
Ormiston Sir Stanley Matthews Academy, Stoke-on-Trent (N)
Ormiston Six Villages Academy, Chichester (S)
Stoke High School – Ormiston Academy, Ipswich (S)
Ormiston Sudbury Academy, Sudbury (S)
Ormiston SWB Academy, Wolverhampton (W)
Tenbury High Ormiston Academy, Tenbury Wells (W)
Ormiston Venture Academy, Gorleston (E)
Ormiston Victory Academy, Costessey (E)
Wodensborough Ormiston Academy, Wednesbury (W)
Primary schools
In total, there are 6 primary schools operated by Ormiston Academies Trust. 2 in the North, 3 in the East and 1 in the South.
Ormiston Cliff Park Primary Academy, Gorleston (E)
Edward Worlledge Ormiston Academy, Great Yarmouth (E)
Ormiston Herman Academy, Great Yarmouth (E)
Ormiston Meadows Academy, Peterborough (S)
Packmoor Ormiston Academy, Stoke-on-Trent (N)
Ormiston South Parade Academy, Grimsby (N)
Alternative provision and special schools
In total, there are 4 schools operated by Ormiston Academies Trust, in OAT's alternative provision and special group.
Ormiston Beachcroft Academy, London
Ormiston Bridge Academy, London
Ormiston Latimer Academy, London
Thomas Wolsey Ormiston Academy, Ipswich
See also
List of charitable foundations
References
External links
Ormiston Trust website
Ormiston Families website
Ormiston Academies Trust website
Educational charities based in the United Kingdom
Charities based in London
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41034260
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela%20Nelson
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Pamela Nelson
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Pamela Nelson is an American artist that works in painting, mixed media, and public art installations featuring geometric patterns.
Biography
Nelson grew up in Midland, Texas, and graduated from Southern Methodist University. Nelson worked as a community college instructor when she helped start the Stewpot Open Art Program for the homeless. She was elected the vice chair of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts in 2005 and served in that capacity for more than a decade.
Public artworks by Nelson include decorative artworks for Dallas Area Rapid Transit stations, terrazzo floor medallions at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and a color theory installation titled Color Equations at NorthPark Center.
Nelson has exhibited in over 100 national venues, including the Dallas Museum of Art, Austin Museum of Art, Arkansas Art Center in Little Rock, Beaumont Museum of Art, Texas, National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington DC, and the National Arts Club in New York City.
She is represented by Craighead Green Gallery in Dallas, Texas.
Recognition
In 2000, Nelson participated in the Dallas City Center TIF Streetscape Project, for which she received the City of Dallas Urban Design Award. In the same year she received the Dallas Contemporary’s Legend Award from Dallas Visual Art Center.
Personal life
Pamela Nelson was married to William Nelson, who passed away in 2014. The couple had two sons together.
A childhood friend of former U.S. First Lady Laura Bush, Nelson installed a painting titled To Everything Turn at the Bush Presidential Center in Dallas, Texas. George W. Bush took up painting as a hobby at Nelson's insistence when Laura Bush shared some his doodles with Nelson.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Southern Methodist University alumni
Mixed-media artists
American women installation artists
American installation artists
21st-century American women artists
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41034263
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perroncito
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Perroncito
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Perroncito is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aldo Perroncito (1882–1929), Italian pathologist
Edoardo Perroncito (1847–1936), Italian parasitologist, father of Aldo
Italian-language surnames
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41034285
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbarouk%20Ali
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Mbarouk Ali
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Mbarouk Said Ali (born 20 June 1962) is a Tanzanian ACT Wazalendo politician and Member of Parliament for Wete constituency since 2010.
References
Living people
1962 births
Civic United Front MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Utaani Secondary School alumni
Ole Secondary School alumni
Sokoine University of Agriculture alumni
Zanzibari politicians
Alliance for Change and Transparency politicians
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41034286
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inori%20Aizawa
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Inori Aizawa
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, also known as Internet Explorer-tan, is a moe anthropomorphism mascot character, originally of the Internet Explorer (IE) web browser and currently of its successor, Microsoft Edge, created by Microsoft Singapore and designed by Collateral Damage Studios. Inori was created in celebration of Anime Festival Asia 2013, and is featured in a video, Facebook profile as well as a special edition of the browser. Inori's purpose is to help advertise IE, and to convince anime fans to return to using the browser, due to its falling popularity. The character has received mostly positive reception.
Character development
Inori Aizawa is a personification of Internet Explorer. She was designed by Collateral Damage Studios, who wanted to create their own character after artist and producer Danny Choo posted an image featuring human equivalents of the Safari, Firefox, and Chrome web browsers. However, the initial design was little more than fan art. Though after Collateral Damage Studios jokingly asked Microsoft to "call them", a representative from Microsoft Asia-Pacific approached the company, and Inori was adopted as a mascot for Internet Explorer. As stated by Microsoft, Inori was created by Microsoft Singapore for the Anime Festival Asia 2013 event, and is a part of the local marketing program for anime and Japanese popular culture at AFA 2013, as well as across Asia. However, she does not represent an official mascot for Internet Explorer. At the Festival, Inori was used to draw local attention to the new browser, as well as Windows Phone-powered Nokia phones and tablets. A Microsoft employee has claimed that Inori represents "a new way of looking at" Internet Explorer. The character is voiced by former Sea*A idol and anime song artist Valerie, who also made a cosplay appearance as Inori at Microsoft's marketing launch at AFA2013. Despite being featured on the official Internet Explorer YouTube channel, Microsoft has clarified that Inori Aizawa will not be used in marketing campaigns outside Asia, which includes the United States.
According to Collateral Damage Studios, the artists who created the character, "The concept that we wanted to go for with our IE-tan was ‘redemption", referencing the earlier, poorer versions of Internet Explorer. They compared the earlier versions of the browser to "a clumsy girl who tries to do too much. She is klutzy, nerdy ... someone that everyone would love to bully", and thus design elements were incorporated to reflect upon IE's transformation from an “ugly duckling” to a "slick and confident" browser. Regarding the character's name, Collateral Damage Studios commented that they chose "Aizawa" as she comes from the greater Microsoft family of anime personification characters, and "Inori" since "given what she represents, she could definitely use a prayer." An advertisement featuring Inori was uploaded to Internet Explorer's YouTube channel for the Anime Festival Asia event. Microsoft had previously used similar anime characters in its marketing in Asia. This includes Hikaru Aizawa, whom Microsoft Taiwan has used to market Microsoft Silverlight since 2010, Nanami Madobe, the mascot of Windows 7, as well as Madobe Ai and Madobe Yuu, the mascots of Windows 8. To date, over 10 original characters have been used. However, all of these characters were inspired by the original OS-tans, personified operating systems that had their origins on Futaba Channel. Apart from the video, there is also a Facebook page devoted to the character, including a post on Inori's backstory, which, along with the video, is a metaphor for the development and evolution of Internet Explorer. Additionally, Inori features in a special edition of the latest version of the browser. Microsoft hopes that Inori may cause anime fans to return to the browser, due to Internet Explorer's declining popularity as well as the emergence of other browsers such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.
Reception
Cnet's Bonnie Burton reviewed Inori positively, saying "she's is a sassy girl who fights robots, dresses like a sexy otaku girl, and pets her cat while surfing the Net. She's the kind of girl you want hanging around your computer", and compared her to Clippy, the "annoying Office Assistant" attached to earlier versions of Microsoft Office. They also claimed that "she represents a shift in thinking about what IE's image could become", and wished that her role could eventually be expanded. The Verge called the Inori Aizawa video Microsoft's "best ad yet", and added "In the end, this is anime for the sake of anime, and it’s fun based on that alone. It may not inspire any users to stow Chrome in favor of IE, but it’s certainly worth the watch." They also compared it positively to earlier Microsoft ad campaigns. They also claimed "No character has been quite like Inori Aizawa, though. Introduced to the world in a commercial titled "Internet Explorer: The Anime," Inori is made to entice the masses, rather than developers or enthusiasts, to try out Microsoft's steadily improving browser." Digital Journal labelled the Inori Aizawa video as "pretty exciting and keeps true to the feel of intense action science-fiction", and that Inori helps Microsoft to "tap into the power and influence of Japanese anime to promote Internet Explorer." Mark Wilson of WinBeta agreed, finding it to be "pretty impressive stuff". Windows Phone Central commented on the video also, writing "[it is] a pretty cool new ad for IE from Microsoft", and found the scenes to be "pretty epic", while Wayne Williams of BetaNews said "it’s certainly a different way to attract people to the browser." Karliah Eun of Kicker Daily News wrote "Microsoft has gone a long way from bad anthropomorphic characters to so-so bland personas. However, their latest offering [Inori] won’t disappoint you." Carly Smith of The Escapist wrote that "Inori hits the anime checklist with [a] magical girl transformation scene and cutesy personality." Mary-Anne Lee of Games in Asia listed the character as one of the reasons why Anime Festival Asia 2013 is "worth checking out", claiming that "the internets have been exploding with the Internet Explorer girl [Inori]."
The character was also popular around the internet, with a large number of fanart being submitted featuring the character, as well as cosplayers. The video and character of Inori were both met with widespread approval from viewers, some professing that they had switched back to IE, while others called it a "stylish campaign" but were still reluctant to use Internet Explorer. The character's Facebook profile has also been a success, amounting to over 17,000 likes, with 400 coming within the first two days. On the other hand, Liberty Voice questioned why Microsoft had created such a strong ad campaign with so little information about their actual product. Reviews gathered and published within the article show that although Inori was considered an attractive mascot, the browser itself had removed a desired feature for one interviewee, and caused others to question exactly why Microsoft focused their advertisement on Inori rather than Internet Explorer. Nick Summers of The Next Web thought that Inori's promo video was "all rather confusing", "unexpected" and "certainly different to old Clippy", while Peter Bright of Ars Technica found it to be "really rather weird", though he did claim "I like the music." The Mary Sue commented " we can’t stop trying to make this make sense, and it’s really hurting our brains", and jokingly wrote "this video also marks the first time we’ve ever seen anyone switch to Internet Explorer to solve a problem." The Tech Report also reviewed Inori negatively, stating "I'm still shaking my head and laughing over here", specifically titling the article "Microsoft Pimps Internet Explorer with Anime Mascot," while Abrition found Inori to be "a bit weird" due to being able to read her personal attributes and "odd" due to the fact that she had a personalized biography.
See also
OS-tan
Moe anthropomorphism
Hikaru Aizawa
References
External links
Moe anthropomorphism
Mascots introduced in 2013
Internet Explorer
OS-tan and related characters
Fictional anthropomorphic characters
Female characters in advertising
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41034291
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PISO%20algorithm
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PISO algorithm
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PISO algorithm (Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators) was proposed by Issa in 1986 without iterations and with large time steps and a lesser computing effort. It is an extension of the SIMPLE algorithm used in computational fluid dynamics to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. PISO is a pressure-velocity calculation procedure for the Navier-Stokes equations developed originally for non-iterative computation of unsteady compressible flow, but it has been adapted successfully to steady-state problems.
PISO involves one predictor step and two corrector steps and is designed to satisfy mass conservation using predictor-corrector steps.
Algorithm steps
The algorithm can be summed up as follows:
Set the boundary conditions.
Solve the discretized momentum equation to compute an intermediate velocity field.
Compute the mass fluxes at the cells faces.
Solve the pressure equation.
Correct the mass fluxes at the cell faces.
Correct the velocities on the basis of the new pressure field.
Update the boundary conditions.
Repeat from 3 for the prescribed number of times.
Increase the time step and repeat from 1.
Steps 4 and 5 can be repeated for a prescribed number of times to correct for non-orthogonality.
Predictor step
Guess the pressure field and get velocity field components and using discretized momentum equation. The initial guess for the pressure may or may not be correct.
Corrector step 1Velocity component obtained from predictor step may not satisfy the continuity equation, so we define correction factors p',v',u' for the pressure field and velocity field. Solve the momentum equation by inserting correct pressure field and get the corresponding correct velocity components and .
where ; :correct pressure field and velocity component
:correction in pressure field and correction in velocity components
:guessed pressure field and velocity component
We define as above.
By putting the correct pressure field into the discretized momentum equation we get the correct velocity components and . Once the pressure correction is known we can find the correction components for the velocity: and .
Corrector step 2
In piso another corrector step can be used.
;
;
;
where : are the correct pressure field and the correct velocity components, respectively
and are second corrections to the pressure and velocity field.
Set
where; are correct pressure and velocity field
Advantages and disadvantages
Generally gives more stable results and takes less CPU time but not suitable for all processes.
Suitable numerical schemes for solving the pressure-velocity linked equation.
For laminar backward facing step PISO is faster than SIMPLE but it is slower concerning flow through heated fin.
If momentum and scalar equation have weak or no coupling then PISO is better than SIMPLEC.
PISO is most time effective method
See also
Fluid mechanics
Computational fluid dynamics
Algorithm
SIMPLE algorithm
SIMPLER algorithm
SIMPLEC algorithm
References
An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, 2/e By Versteeg
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineers by Bengt Andersson, Ronnie Andersson, Love Håkansson, Mikael Mortensen, Rahman Sudiyo, Berend van Wachem
Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fire Engineering: Theory, Modelling and Practice by Guan Heng Yeoh, Kwok Kit Yuen
http://openfoamwiki.net/index.php/OpenFOAM_guide/The_PISO_algorithm_in_OpenFOAM
Computational fluid dynamics by T. J. Chung, University of Alabama in Huntsville
Computational method for fluid dynamics by Joel H.Ferziger,Milovan Peric
Solution of the implicitly discretized fluid flow equations by operator-splitting, Journal of Computational Physics 62 by R. Issa
Computational fluid dynamics
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41034300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clover%20Fork%20%28Cumberland%20River%20tributary%29
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Clover Fork (Cumberland River tributary)
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The Clover Fork is a tributary of the Cumberland River, draining a section of the Appalachian Mountains in Harlan County, southeast Kentucky in the United States. The river's confluence with the Martin's Fork at Harlan marks the official beginning of the Cumberland River.
The Clover Fork formerly flowed through Harlan and joined Martin's Fork on the west side of town. Due to recurring flood damage, a project of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers diverted the river through four approximately tunnels to bypass the city to the north. The diversion project was completed in 1989.
See also
List of rivers of Kentucky
References
Rivers of Kentucky
Rivers of Harlan County, Kentucky
Tributaries of the Cumberland River
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41034367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Pro%20Mazda%20Winterfest
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2014 Pro Mazda Winterfest
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The 2014 Pro Mazda Winterfest was the first winter series of the 16-year-old championship. It consisted of four races held during two race meets and was run alongside the 2014 U.S. F2000 Winterfest and Indy Lights series tests.
American Spencer Pigot scored two poles, four fastest-laps and two wins on his way to the championship. A controversial race start in race two gave Canadian Garett Grist the win in race two and fellow Canadian rookie Scott Hargrove won round four. Hargrove and Grist finished second and third in points, respectively. Rookies Shelby Blackstock and Pipo Derani also recorded podium finishes and finished fourth and fifth in points.
Drivers and teams
Race calendar and results
The series schedule, along with the other Road to Indy series', was announced on October 24, 2013.
Championship standings
Drivers'
Drivers must complete 50% race distance to score main points, otherwise 1 point is awarded.
Teams'
References
External links
Pro Mazda Championship Official website
Indy Pro 2000 Championship
Pro Mazda Winterfest
Pro Mazda Winterfest
Pro Mazda Winterfest
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41034409
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eemsi
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Şemsi
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Şemsi is a unisex Turkish given name. It may refer to:
People
Şemsi Pasha (died 1580), Ottoman nobleman and beylerbey
Shemsi Pasha (1846 – 1908), Ottoman general
Şemsi Yaralı (born 1982), Turkish boxer
Shemsi Beqiri (born 1986), Swiss-Albanian boxer
Other
Şemsipaşa, Gaziosmanpaşa, a neighborhood of Istanbul's Gaziosmanpaşa district
Şemsi Pasha Mosque, an Ottoman mosque in Istanbul's Üsküdar district
Şemsipaşa Primary School, in Istanbul's Üsküdar district
Shemsi (Also spelt Shamsi), a former sun-worshipping sect in Upper Mesopotamia
See also
Shamsi (disambiguation)
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41034455
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elixir%20%28perfume%29
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Elixir (perfume)
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Elixir is a women's fragrance by Colombian singer songwriter Shakira, developed in a collaboration with international fashion company Puig. After the release of her first two fragrances, Puig enlisted several perfumers to work on Shakira's third fragrance, which she claimed would capture her "most sensual and exotic side." The final product was Elixir, an amber perfume based on various spicy and woody sources. The flacon of the perfume is inspired by apothecary bottles and is made to resemble a magical potion, featuring a light golden colour scheme.
Shakira launched the fragrance at a press release in São Paulo, Brazil, in July 2012. Additionally, Jaume de Laiguana directed a commercial for the fragrance, which was filmed in the Sahara desert in Morocco. In August 2013, Wild Elixir was released as a flanker fragrance to Elixir. The floral amber perfume is similar to the original one in appearance but features a variation in the colour scheme. It was promoted through a commercial which features Shakira encountering two cheetahs in an arid landscape.
Development
Background
In 2008, international fashion and fragrance company Puig announced that it had formed a partnership with Shakira and had signed an agreement "to develop a line of signature products produced with and inspired by the artist". The first product to appear was S by Shakira, which was released in September 2010, followed by S by Shakira Eau Florale.
After developing her first two fragrances, Puig began working on Shakira's third perfume and enlisted Alexandra Kosinski and Sonia Constant, perfumers from Swiss fragrance manufacturer Givaudan, to collaborate with Elisabeth Vidal, a perfumer from Puig. Vidal had previously worked with Shakira on S by Shakira Eau Florale. The perfumers came up with the concept of a "second skin", described by Shakira as a "fragrance that becomes a part of you". In an interview with Women's Wear Daily, the singer claimed that the scent would display her "most sensual and exotic side" and had seemingly been inspired by the deserts of Morocco.
Scent and packaging
Elixir belongs to the amber olfactive family, which is known to contain intense and long lasting fragrances. The top notes of the perfume were described by Shakira as "floral and spicy" and include neroli, white pepper, and white flower; the heart notes were said to be "velvety and fruity" and are based on the scents of flowers like freesia and paeonia, and apricot; the base notes contain amber, benzoin, musk, sugar cane and white cedar wood. The ingredients of the perfume are mostly based on spicy and woody elements which overbear the sweeter floral elements. Shakira herself stated that the "sweetness" in Elixir was kept to a limited amount.
German packaging company Gerresheimer was hired to produce the flacon of Elixir. It is made of clear moulded glass and has a slender gold-tinted neck. According to Jose Manuel Albesa, chief brand officer of Puig, it is inspired by the bottles used in the historic medical practice of apothecary. In an interview with Latina, Shakira revealed that she wanted to "depict the kind of bottle that was used in ancient times, but that looked modern and chic as well" and come up with a design similar to a magical potion, which is the definition of the word 'elixir'. As the scent is inspired by the desert, she chose the tint of the bottle to be golden so that it can "evoke the memories of sands and sunsets". The packaging of the fragrance was designed by Colombian artist Catalina Estrada and features colourful illustrations of various birds and leaves printed on a pale background.
Release
Released in late-July 2012, Elixir was made available for purchase exclusively in American department store chains Kohl's and Sears. The two stores served as exclusive retailers of the fragrance for two months, after which it was released to mass market stores like CVS Caremark and Walgreens. Elixir was released in approximately 19,000 stores in the United States alone. Elsewhere, Elixir was released in Eastern Europe, Italy, and Latin America. The perfume was aimed at a younger demographic, according to Albesa. Elixir was made available as an eau de toilette, and its prices ranged from US $17.50 to US $36 with respect to the size.
Shakira launched Elixir at a press release in São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 July 2012, where she discussed her inspiration behind the fragrance and its development process. The commercial for the fragrance was shot in the Sahara desert in Morocco by Jaume de Laiguana, who had previously directed music videos for various songs by Shakira, like "Loca" and "Rabiosa". The advertisement features Shakira in the middle of the desert wearing a long skirt; she opens a bottle of Elixir and performs a dance routine, attracting an eagle towards her which perches on her arm. A competition was held on the official website of the perfume to determine a winner who would be rewarded the long skirt Shakira wore in the commercial.
Products
Elixir was produced in the following range:
Eau de toilette spray - 15 ml/0.5 oz
Eau de toilette spray - 30 ml/1 oz
Eau de toilette spray - 50 ml/1.7 oz
Deodorant spray - 150 ml/5.1 oz
Body lotion - 101 ml/3.4 oz (available only in gift sets)
Lip balm - 15.7 ml/0.53 oz (available only in gift sets)
Reception
Samantha Lea from Latina praised the perfume's versatility, saying it is suitable for use "whether you prefer fruity to floral scents or want your scent to transport you to a tropical beach". She chose the usage of freesia and peony as the highlight of Elixir and included the perfume in her list of "Five Amazing Summer Scents and Perfumes". Miranda Noland, an editor of the magazine, opined the Elixir gift set would "please any Shakira lover." At the 2011 Academia Del Perfume Award ceremony sponsored by the Fragrance Foundation, Elixir won the award for "Best Female Perfume General Public Category".
Industry analysts predicted that the perfume would make $14 million through global retail sales in its first year. Twenty percent of this amount was credited to sales in the United States. In April 2013, Puig released a press statement mentioning that Elixir had performed well commercially.
Wild Elixir
Background and scent
Wild Elixir was released as a flanker fragrance to Elixir on 25 August 2013. Categorised as a floral oriental perfume, Wild Elixir features top notes of cassis and mandarin; heart notes of honeysuckle flower, orange blossom, and peach fruit accord; the base notes consist of benzoin resin, patchouli, and sandalwood. The flacon of the perfume is similar to the original one, but instead features a contrasting colour scheme of golden and black. The packaging was again designed by Estrada and features illustrations of flowers and wild cats set on a brownish orange background and is similar to the look of the African savannah.
The Russian edition of Cosmopolitan gave Wild Elixir a positive review, praising its packaging and the choice of ingredients in the notes.
Promotion
On 23 June 2013, Shakira released a teaser of the commercial for the fragrance along with a photo of her posing with two cheetahs. A full version of the commercial was released later. It begins with Shakira, dressed in a dark burgundy gown, coming across a pair of cheetahs in an arid desert region. The two animals, alarmed, commence running towards her in an effort to attack her. Shakira responds by raising her hand, which prompts the cheetahs to abruptly stop in their tracks. They are later seen prowling around her while she is standing atop a rock and a bottle of Wild Elixir is then shown placed on a log of wood. The official website of the perfume also features a game made to promote the fragrance and Shakira's Barefoot Foundation.
See also
List of celebrity-branded fragrances
Perfumery
References
Shakira perfumes
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41034502
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Banks%20%28politician%29
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Brian Banks (politician)
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Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is an American politician who served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2013 to 2017. Banks was a candidate for the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate in 2018. He has been convicted of eight felonies related to writing bad checks and credit card fraud.
Education
A high school dropout, Banks later received his GED. Banks earned a Bachelor of Science degree and Master of Education from Wayne State University, followed by a Juris Doctor from the Michigan State University College of Law.
Career
Early career
During his early career, Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan.
Banks's campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger and Kaner, P.C. and was an adjunct professor at Baker College. An employee at Rodnick, Unger and Kaner, P.C. told the Huffington Post that while Banks briefly worked at the firm as a law clerk, he left after only a few months.
Banks has also claimed to be an elementary school teacher and his biography on the Michigan House Democrats website listed him as a former elementary school teacher. The Michigan Department of Education Online Educator Certification System states that Banks has never held an Educator Certification.
Michigan House of Representatives
Despite a number of controversies, Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democratic primary for the 1st district of the Michigan House of Representatives. During the 2012 general election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Banks.
Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 primary, Banks was re-elected.
During the August 2016 primary election, Banks defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi.
Despite Banks's significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According to the Detroit Free Press, the 1st House District Primary Election was the most competitive election in Wayne County.
As the chair of the Detroit Caucus, Banks was able to enlist the help of Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan, other lawmakers and interest groups in Lansing to raise $140,545, second most of all candidates facing Primary challengers. Records show that Banks major financial backers included Republican "Matty" Moroun (owner of the Detroit International Bridge Co.), State Rep. Andy Schor, Reynolds American, Rizzo Environmental Services and Gaspar Fiore. Rizzo Environmental and Fiore would later be ensnared in a public corruption investigation by the FBI.
During the November 8 general election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger.
Resignation
On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. Banks's resignation letter, submitted to House Speaker Tom Leonard, was effective immediately. In a statement, Speaker Leonard said, “Rep. Banks had one legal issue after another during his time in public office. I am glad to see he is finally taking responsibility for his actions, and hopefully today's plea agreement provides the fresh start he needs."
By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in Detroit, and advertised tickets starting at $50 and topping out at $5,000 for a platinum sponsorship.
On February 16, 2017, Governor Rick Snyder called a Special Election to fill the vacancy left by Banks's resignation. Both the Governor and the Secretary of State's office ruled that Banks was not eligible to run for his own seat, ending speculation that he might do so. Additionally, Representative Aaron Miller filed HB 4208 to ensure that expelled or resigned former members could not run in the special election called because of the vacancy they caused.
2018 Michigan Senate election
In August 2017, Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks kicked off his campaign with a November 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions ranged from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor.
Banks's attempt to return to the Michigan Legislature failed. In the August 7, 2018 Election, Banks lost to first-time candidates Adam Hollier of Detroit (25.1%) and Abraham Aiyash of Hamtramck (20.9%).
2022 Wayne County Commission election
In 2022 Banks ran in the August Democratic primary to represent District 1 on the Wayne County Commission, listing his address as a post office box in Grosse Pointe. Incumbent Commissioner Tim Killeen defeated Banks in the primary election by 61.6% to 38.1%.
Business
In 2019 Banks pitched his consulting services to the Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD) and Promise Schools, a company running a K-8 school for the School District of the City of Highland Park. Promise Schools initially contracted with Banks, after receiving a "strong recommendation, on more than one occasion" from District President Alexis Ramsey. Ramsey admitted that she was a political ally of Banks, but insisted that she did not push the District to hire Banks. Promise Schools CEO Melissa Hamann stated that Ramsey's recommendation was influential in the decision to hire Banks.
After being contacted by a concerned citizen about the hire, Highland Park School Board member Eban Morales told Fox 2 Detroit: "I contacted Promise Schools and I said to them, like, 'How did he come about?' And the head person there said: 'Alexis Ramsey strongly suggested on more than one occasion that we needed to hire him.' And I'm like: 'Do you know his history?' And they're like, 'Yeah, well, she said that we should hire him and that he was the best person for the job.'"
Unlike Promise Schools, DPSCD officials asked Banks to submit a bid for the work he proposed. During negotiations, Banks's bid was the lowest bid received by the District. However, according to Assistant Superintendent Chrystal Wilson, when “the District proceeded to its contract due diligence phase...more detailed information regarding Mr. Banks's background was realized that made it untenable for the district to move forward with a formal contract. Since that time, the District has not engaged in business with Mr. Banks and at this point does not intend to.”
Criminal and civil history
Since 1998 Banks has been convicted of eight felonies for writing bad checks and credit card fraud, and one misdemeanor.
Civil judgements
Since his first election, Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016.
During the 2012 election, Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his campaign signs.
During the 2012 Primary Election, Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent.
After the 2012 General Election, Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester.
Sexual harassment
In 2013 Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950.
Fraud
On June 28, 2016, Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. In a press release, the Attorney General's office said the felony charges against Banks stemmed from his use of falsified pay stubs in an application for a $7,500 loan. The news release stated that Banks claimed to work for IHI Attorneys and Consultants of Farmington, but investigators learned he had never worked there, and the paychecks “originated with a payroll company the firm never used.” Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies.
In August 2016 Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23.
On February 6, 2017, Banks pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of filing false financial statements, a charge that carried a penalty of up to a year in prison. As part of a plea deal Banks reached with the Michigan Attorney General's office, the remaining felony charges he was facing were dropped.
Sentencing on the plea deal was set for 9 a.m. on February 17, 2017. Banks was sentenced to time served. He previously spent one day in jail. In a statement following Banks's sentencing, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette stated, "Former Rep. Banks pleaded guilty, admitting he did indeed commit the crime for which he was sentenced. I am pleased to see this case come to a close and that the residents of his district have the chance to get an honest, hardworking and law-abiding representative."
Mail fraud
In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees (PACs) in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks's Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PACs had no ties to Banks and denied allowing him to use the PACs for any purpose.
Violation of Michigan Campaign Finance Act
On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Banks used House funds or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused.
In December 2016 Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion, ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges.
In February 2017 Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017.
FBI corruption and bribery investigation
In December 2017 the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to a corruption case against Gasper Fiore, the owner of Boulevard & Trumbull Towing, a large City of Detroit contractor. In December 2017 Fiore entered into a plea agreement with the U.S. Attorney's Office, in which he agreed to plead guilty to conspiracy to commit federal program bribery. According to court documents, the government had probable cause that Fiore and 17 other targets were involved in several crimes, including: extortion, wire fraud, bribery and conspiracy to distribute marijuana.
Fiore was so politically connected that in 2016 his daughter helped write an amendment to the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) budget that ensured his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. "Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Banks," Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks.
According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political "might." "MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' " Banks said. Fiore responded: "Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?" Banks: "So, you good so far. You hear me." On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. "MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you," Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. "They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: "You know with the MDOT, you good."
The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's phone.
Electoral history
See also
Michigan House of Representatives
Michigan Democratic Party
External links
Campaign Finance
Voting Records
References
1976 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Politicians from Detroit
African-American state legislators in Michigan
Democratic Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Michigan politicians convicted of crimes
Wayne State University alumni
Michigan State University College of Law alumni
American campaign managers
American political consultants
21st-century African-American politicians
20th-century African-American politicians
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41034552
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Gallia
|
SS Gallia
|
SS Gallia was a transatlantic ocean liner of the Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique built in 1913. Gallia was the Roman name for the province of Gaul.
In the First World War Gallia was converted into first an armed merchant cruiser and then a troop ship. In 1916 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German U-Boat SM U-35 in the Mediterranean Sea with great loss of life.
Building and peacetime service
The Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée built Gallia at La Seyne-sur-Mer as one of a set of three liners for Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique's mail and passenger service between France and South America. The same shipyard also built her sister ship . Chantiers de l'Atlantique built , the other member of the trio.
Gallias registered length was , her beam was and her depth was . Her tonnages were and . She was equipped for wireless telegraphy, operated by the Compagnie générale radiotélégraphique (CGR).
Gallia sailed between Bordeaux and Rio de Janeiro in 10 days, and between Bordeaux and Buenos Aires in 13 days.
First World War
When the First World War broke out Gallia was converted into an armed merchant cruiser. Her primary armament was five guns and her secondary armament was four 47 mm guns.
In 1915 Gallia was refitted as a troopship.
On 3 October 1916 Gallia left Toulon unescorted for Thessaloniki in Greece carrying 1,650 French soldiers, 350 Serbian soldiers and 350 crew and a cargo of artillery and ammunition. The next day the German submarine , commanded by Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, torpedoed her southwest of Sardinia.
Ammunition aboard Gallia exploded and the ship sank in 15 minutes. Because of the rapid sinking, panic broke out on board resulting in lifeboats capsizing, and thousands of soldiers jumping overboard. The ship's wireless was disabled by the explosions, preventing the sending of a distress signal. The next day the French Navy protected cruiser rescued 1,200 survivors.
The exact number of casualties needs to be ascertained but it was over 1000. A list of missing personnel was published on 31 October 1917 by the Tribunal Civil of Toulon. It gave the names of 44 sailors and 553 soldiers. Several individual soldiers known by their family members to have died are not on the list. The Serbian soldiers were also not included.
The sinking was one of the greatest losses of life in a maritime disaster involving a single French ship and the second deadliest maritime disaster in the First World War, even worse than that of .
See also
List by death toll of ships sunk by submarines
References
Bibliography
External links
– log of Gallias port arrivals and departures from May to September 1916, and account of sinking.
– discussion forum
1913 ships
Auxiliary cruisers
Maritime incidents in 1916
Ocean liners
Passenger ships of France
Ships built in France
Ships of the Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
Steamships of France
Troop ships of France
World War I naval ships of France
World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
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41034576
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Galanis
|
James Galanis
|
James Galanis (born 24 June 1971) is an Australian professional soccer manager. He used to be head coach of the Atlanta Beat in Women's Professional Soccer. He is now Director of the Universal Soccer Academy.
Playing career
Galanis played for South Melbourne FC in Australia's National Soccer League and with Northcote City FC in the Victorian State League.
Managerial career
Galanis assumed the role of head coach for the Atlanta Beat during the 2010 WPS season. He was a trainer and mentor for U.S. national team player, Carli Lloyd, until she cut ties with him in 2020 following a lengthy rift with her family over his involvement in her life.
Galanis now directs the Medford Strikers Soccer Club in New Jersey.
References
External links
Atlanta Beat coach profile
Universal Soccer Academy
1970 births
Living people
Women's Professional Soccer coaches
Atlanta Beat (WPS) coaches
Australian soccer managers
Australian expatriate soccer managers
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate soccer coaches in the United States
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41034635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor%20Fork%20%28Cumberland%20River%20tributary%29
|
Poor Fork (Cumberland River tributary)
|
The Poor Fork is a tributary of the Cumberland River in Letcher and Harlan Counties, southeast Kentucky, in the United States. The river flows from its source at Flat Gap in Letcher County, on the Kentucky–Virginia border, generally southwest to where it meets Martin's Fork in Baxter to form the Cumberland river.
See also
Clover Fork
Martin's Fork
List of rivers of Kentucky
References
Rivers of Kentucky
Rivers of Harlan County, Kentucky
Rivers of Letcher County, Kentucky
Tributaries of the Cumberland River
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41034739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1982 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1982 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held in 1982 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was the 3rd Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
See also
1982 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
1982 Ms Olympia Results
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1982 MS. OLYMPIA CONTEST (DOWNLOAD)
1982 MS. OLYMPIA CONTEST (DVD)
Ms Olympia, 1982
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
es:Ms. Olympia
it:Ms. Olympia
he:גברת אולימפיה
nl:Ms. Olympia
pl:Ms. Olympia
pt:Ms. Olympia
sv:Ms. Olympia
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41034788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Haugh
|
Harold Haugh
|
Harold Haugh (born November 23, 1949) is a Democratic politician who previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives, originally elected in 2008. Prior to that, Haugh served as the mayor of Roseville, Michigan.
References
Living people
1949 births
Democratic Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Mayors of places in Michigan
Politicians from Detroit
People from Roseville, Michigan
21st-century American politicians
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41034809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel%20River
|
Laurel River
|
The Laurel River is a tributary of the Cumberland River in southeast Kentucky in the United States. The river drains a rural region in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, in parts of Whitley and Laurel Counties. The town of Corbin is located on the river about east of its mouth on the Cumberland, and near the confluence with a major tributary, the Little Laurel River.
The river is impounded near its mouth by Laurel River Dam, which forms Laurel River Lake. Completed in 1974 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the dam and reservoir serve mainly for flood control, although some hydroelectricity is also produced.
The river was likely named for thick growth of laurel along its banks.
See also
List of rivers of Kentucky
References
Rivers of Kentucky
Tributaries of the Cumberland River
Rivers of Whitley County, Kentucky
Rivers of Laurel County, Kentucky
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41034865
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313%20Angola%20Basketball%20Super%20Cup
|
2012–13 Angola Basketball Super Cup
|
The 2013 Angola Basketball Super Cup (20th edition) was contested by Recreativo do Libolo, as the 2012 league champion and Primeiro de Agosto, the 2012 cup winner. Primeiro de Agosto was the winner, making it is's 11th title.
The 2013 Women's Super Cup (18th edition) was contested by Interclube, as the 2012 women's league champion and Primeiro de Agosto, the 2012 cup runner-up. Interclube was the winner, making it is's 6th title.
2013 Men's Super Cup
2013 Women's Super Cup
See also
2013 Angola Basketball Cup
2013 BAI Basket
2013 Victorino Cunha Cup
References
Angola Basketball Super Cup seasons
Super Cup
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41034867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Burma%3A%20Nature%27s%20Lost%20Kingdom
|
Wild Burma: Nature's Lost Kingdom
|
Wild Burma: Nature's Lost Kingdom is a British documentary television series that first broadcast on BBC Two on 29 November 2013. The three-part series explores Myanmar's forests. The filmmakers are Gordon Buchanan, Ross Piper and Justine Evans. The scientists for the series are Chris Wemmer, Darrin Lunde, Khyne U Mar, Kristofer Helgen and Nicole Edmison.
Production
The series was produced by Susanna Handslip and executive produced by Tim Scoones and Tim Martin. The BBC Natural History Unit and the Smithsonian Institution scientists worked together to explore the jungle.
Episode list
Reception
Ratings
According to overnight viewing figures, the first episode had an 8.3% audience share, with 1.91 million viewers. The second and third episodes had audience shares of 8%.
References
External links
2013 British television series debuts
2013 British television series endings
BBC television documentaries
English-language television shows
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41034901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%27s%20Palace%20of%20Mogadishu
|
Governor's Palace of Mogadishu
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The Governor's Palace () was the seat of the governor of Italian Somaliland, and then the administrator of the Trust Territory of Somaliland. It was built during the colonial period in the capital city of Mogadishu, situated in present-day southern Somalia. Used as municipality building of Mogadishu, it is one of the most popular government offices in Somalia. It was the first place where the Somali flag waved.
Characteristics
It was built during the colonial period (in the late 1920s) in the capital city of Mogadishu, situated in present-day southern Somalia.
In those decades the city was improved with Italian architecture and urbanism: this palace was one of the most representatives of the colonial fascist architecture.
It was located on the "Corso Umberto", the main street of Italian Mogadiscio, and overlooked the ocean & the port.
The architecture is a mixture of Italian and Arab styles, with the second floor decorated with Italian Renaissance furniture. A huge garden was created in front of the main entrance.
In the palace, among other things, there were the following halls in the lower floor:
Arab hall with decorations, which were derived from the Islamic architecture of the old Mogadishu.
Rooms of "Queen Elena of Italy" with tapestries.
"Sala della Giustizia" with furniture in the Gothic style of the Aosta Valley.
Hall of deliberations, with the wall-scenes taken from the classical style of the Italian architecture and with a huge panel showing "San Giorgio".
The second floor was for private use, with rooms for royal guest.
It was inaugurated by Italian governor Cesare Maria De Vecchi, who ruled from 1923 to 1929. He ordered excavations in the gardens in front of the palace that proved to be the ancient Arab palace of "El Muzaffar".
In 1975 the palace was completely razed to the ground and the site was dedicated to the new construction of the "Al Uruba" (Curuuba) Hotel, a hotel built by Arab subventions, but in the style of "self-helped" Somali constructions.
Since the fall of Siad Barre in 1992 the Curuuba Hotel suffered heavy damages during Somalia civil war from shellings, but in the 2010s there are projects to fully restructure the entire area.
See also
Italian Somaliland
Mogadishu Cathedral
Governor's Palace, Asmara
Royal Palace of Tripoli
Villa Somalia
References
External links
Guida d'Italia del TCI, Possedimenti e colonie, Milano, 1929
Buildings and structures in Mogadishu
Italian fascist architecture
Palaces in Africa
Italian Somaliland
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41034923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315%20Welsh%20Football%20League%20Division%20One
|
2014–15 Welsh Football League Division One
|
This league known as the Nathanielcars.co.uk Welsh League Division One for sponsorship reasons, is a football league in Wales. This is the top division of football in South Wales and the second tier of the Welsh Football League.
The reigning champions are Monmouth Town. However, they were not promoted to the Welsh Premier League as they did not meet the necessary ground criteria.
Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted from 2013–14 Welsh Football League Division Two
Cardiff Metropolitan University - Champions
Briton Ferry Llansawel - 2nd Place
Garden Village - 3rd Place
Teams relegated from 2013–14 Welsh Premier League
Afan Lido
Stadia and Locations
League table
External links
About the Welsh football league pyramid welshpremier.co.uk
Welsh Football League official page
Welsh Football League Division One seasons
Division One
Wales Division One
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41034931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishal%20Dabholkar
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Vishal Dabholkar
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Vishal Vishwas Dabholkar (born 23 March 1987) is a cricketer who has played for Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler.
Dabholkar made his first-class debut in the quarter-final of 2012-13 Ranji Trophy against Baroda. He picked up 3/88 in the first innings and 1/63 in the second innings. In November 2013, against Punjab, he had figures of 6/38 and 4/37. In October 2015 he helped Mumbai to a one-wicket victory over Tamil Nadu when he took 5/122 and 7/53 and, batting at number 11, hit the winning run.
References
External links
Indian cricketers
Mumbai cricketers
Living people
1987 births
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41034932
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Kvarchelia
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Vladimir Kvarchelia
|
Vladimir Dzhgunatovich Kvarchelia (1919 – April 22, 1985) was Minister of Culture of the Abkhaz ASSR from October 1954 until March 1967. Kvarchelia was born in 1919 in the village of Achandara in Gudauta District and died on 22 April 1985.
References
1919 births
1985 deaths
People from Gudauta District
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
Recipients of the Medal "For Courage" (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
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41034938
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodar%20Pilia
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Nodar Pilia
|
Nodar Pilia was Minister of Culture of Abkhazia in the early 1990s.
References
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
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41034951
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodar%20Chanba
|
Nodar Chanba
|
Nodar Chanba was Minister of Culture of Abkhazia in the early 1990s. He was born in 1955 in Gudauta.
During Perestroika, Chanba led the Union of Young Artists, which eventually became part of Aidgylara.
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Gudauta
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
Abkhazian musicians
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41034962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei%20Argun
|
Aleksei Argun
|
Aleksei Khutovich Argun (Russian: Алексей Хутович Аргун; April 1937 – 1 July 2008) was Minister of Culture of the Abkhazian ASSR from 1971 or 1973 to 1980.
References
1937 births
2008 deaths
People from Tkvarcheli District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
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41034963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-epsilon%20turbulence%20model
|
K-epsilon turbulence model
|
K-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model is the most common model used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate mean flow characteristics for turbulent flow conditions. It is a two equation model that gives a general description of turbulence by means of two transport equations (partial differential equations, PDEs). The original impetus for the K-epsilon model was to improve the mixing-length model, as well as to find an alternative to algebraically prescribing turbulent length scales in moderate to high complexity flows.
The first transported variable is the turbulent kinetic energy (k).
The second transported variable is the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε).
Principle
Unlike earlier turbulence models, k-ε model focuses on the mechanisms that affect the turbulent kinetic energy. The mixing length model lacks this kind of generality. The underlying assumption of this model is that the turbulent viscosity is isotropic, in other words, the ratio between Reynolds stress and mean rate of deformations is the same in all directions.
Standard k-ε turbulence model
The exact k-ε equations contain many unknown and unmeasurable terms. For a much more practical approach, the standard k-ε turbulence model (Launder and Spalding, 1974) is used which is based on our best understanding of the relevant processes, thus minimizing unknowns and presenting a set of equations which can be applied to a large number of turbulent applications.
For turbulent kinetic energy k
For dissipation
where
represents velocity component in corresponding direction
represents component of rate of deformation
represents eddy viscosity
The equations also consist of some adjustable constants , , and . The values of these constants have been arrived at by numerous iterations of data fitting for a wide range of turbulent flows. These are as follows:
Applications
The k-ε model has been tailored specifically for planar shear layers and recirculating flows. This model is the most widely used and validated turbulence model with applications ranging from industrial to environmental flows, which explains its popularity. It is usually useful for free-shear layer flows with relatively small pressure gradients as well as in confined flows where the Reynolds shear stresses are most important. It can also be stated as the simplest turbulence model for which only initial and/or boundary conditions needs to be supplied.
However it is more expensive in terms of memory than the mixing length model as it requires two extra PDEs. This model would be an inappropriate choice for problems such as inlets and compressors as accuracy has been shown experimentally to be reduced for flows containing large adverse pressure gradients. The k-ε model also performs poorly in a variety of important cases such as unconfined flows, curved boundary layers, rotating flows and flows in non-circular ducts.
Other models
Realizable k-ε Model: An immediate benefit of the realizable k-ɛ model is that it provides improved predictions for the spreading rate of both planar and round jets. It also exhibits superior performance for flows involving rotation, boundary layers under strong adverse pressure gradients, separation, and recirculation. In virtually every measure of comparison, Realizable k-ɛ demonstrates a superior ability to capture the mean flow of the complex structures.
k-ω Model: used when there are wall effects present within the case.
Reynolds stress equation model: In case of complex turbulent flows, Reynolds stress models are able to provide better predictions. Such flows include turbulent flows with high degrees of anisotropy, significant streamline curvature, flow separation, zones of recirculation and influence of mean rotation effects.
References
Notes
'An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method (2nd Edition)' , H. Versteeg, W. Malalasekera; Pearson Education Limited; 2007;
'Turbulence Modeling for CFD' 2nd Ed. , Wilcox C. D. ; DCW Industries ; 1998 ;
'An introduction to turbulence and its measurement' , Bradshaw, P. ; Pergamon Press ; 1971 ;
Turbulence models
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41034969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai%20Kiut
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Nikolai Kiut
|
Nikolai Kiut was Minister of Culture of the Abkhazian ASSR from 1967 to 1973. Kiut was born in 1910 into a peasant family in the village Kindgi in Ochamchira District and died in 1986.
References
1910 births
1986 deaths
People from Ochamchira District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
Soviet politicians
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41034970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nugzar%20Logua
|
Nugzar Logua
|
Nugzar Logua is a painter, poet and politician from Abkhazia. He is the current chairman of the socio-political organisation Apsadgyl and a former Minister for Culture in the Government of President Bagapsh.
Early life and career
Logua was born on 20 April 1956 in the village of Chlou in Ochamchira District. Between 1974 and 1979, he studied at the Art School in Sukhumi, and between 1982 and 1988, painting at the fine arts faculty of the State Academy for Art in Tbilisi. After his graduation, he returned to the Art School in Sukhumi, where he taught painting from 1989 until 1997. From 1997 until 2001, Logua was Chairman of the Union of Artists of Abkhazia.
Political career
In 2003, Logua became an active member of Aitaira, and he joined its political council in 2004. Following the election of Aitaira-supported Sergei Bagapsh as president, Logua was appointed Minister for Culture on 10 March 2005 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab. Following the re-election of Bagapsh, Logua was re-appointed in the cabinet of Prime Minister Sergei Shamba. After the death of Bagapsh in 2011, Logua did not return as Minister under Ankvab, his successor.
Logua became one of the leaders of Apsadgyl when it was transformed into a socio-political organisation in 2015. On 6 October 2016, he was elected chairman by Apsadgyl's executive committee to replace Beslan Eshba who had been appointed as Vice Premier.
References
1956 births
Living people
People from Ochamchira District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
Abkhazian poets
Abkhazian painters
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41034972
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Zantaria
|
Vladimir Zantaria
|
Vladimir Zantaria is a poet and politician from Abkhazia. From 1999 until 2004 he served first as Minister for Culture and then as Vice Premier in the Government of President Ardzinba.
Early life and career
Zantaria was born on 27 September 1953 in the village of Tamysh, Ochamchira District. In 1975, he graduated from the philological faculty of the Sukhumi State Pedagogical Institute.
Political career
Zantaria was a member of the 1st convocation of the People's Assembly from 1992 to 1997. Between 1993 and 1994, he was Chairman of the State TV and Radio.
In 1999, following the re-election of President Vladislav Ardzinba, Zantaria became Minister for Culture in the cabinet of Prime Minister Viacheslav Tsugba. On 19 July 2001, he was appointed as Vice Premier instead under Tsugba's successor Anri Jergenia. He was reappointed in the cabinets of Gennadi Gagulia and Raul Khajimba, serving until 14 December 2004.
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Ochamchira District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
1st convocation of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia
Vice Premiers of Abkhazia
Abkhazian poets
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41034984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid%20Enik
|
Leonid Enik
|
Leonid Enik was Minister for Culture of Abkhazia from 2001 until 10 March 2005. He was born in 1960 in the village of Mgudzurkhva in Gudauta District.
On 29 January 2016, Leonid Enik was appointed as the new General Director of the Abkhazian State TV and Radio, succeeding Emma Khojava, who had been dismissed, upon her own request, on 25 January.
During his tenure, Enik was criticised by other journalists, in particular his predecessor Khojava. In October, he announced that he wanted to resign due to ill health, and on 4 November he was replaced by former Education Minister Tali Japua.
References
1960 births
Living people
People from Gudauta District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
Date of birth missing (living people)
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41034989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1983 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1983 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on October 22, 1983, in Warminster, Pennsylvania. It was the 4th Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
See also
1983 Mr. Olympia
References
1983 Ms Olympia Results
External links
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
Ms Olympia, 1983
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
es:Ms. Olympia
it:Ms. Olympia
he:גברת אולימפיה
nl:Ms. Olympia
pl:Ms. Olympia
pt:Ms. Olympia
sv:Ms. Olympia
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41034992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khala%20v%20Minister%20of%20Safety%20and%20Security
|
Khala v Minister of Safety and Security
|
Khala v Minister of Safety and Security is an important case in South African law.
Facts
The plaintiff had instituted action against the defendant for damages arising from an alleged unlawful arrest and detention. The defendant considered that the police docket relating to such arrest was privileged, and listed it accordingly in his discovery affidavit. The plaintiff then launched the application in casu for an order directing the defendant to make the police docket available for inspection and copying.
Judgment
Amicus curiae
After the postponement of the matter, from May 19, 1994, to June 13, 1994, the court (with the consent of the parties, and having obtained the approval of the Judge President) appointed Prof E. Mureinik of the Law Faculty of the University of the Witwatersrand to act as amicus curiae. Prof Mureinik filed heads of argument, provided copies of authorities, and made oral submissions after those of the plaintiff and defendant had been concluded. Counsel for the plaintiff and defendant thereafter replied to his submissions. He was not remunerated for this work. His assistance was "invaluable to the Court and was greatly appreciated."
Merits
Having set out the provisions of the Constitution relevant to the issue, the court considered the principles applicable in interpreting provisions of a constitution. Fundamental-rights provisions call for a generous and purposive interpretation. The meaning of a right is to be gathered from a consideration of the interests it was intended to protect. The principles of interpretation contained in section 35 of the Constitution are also applicable.
The court then turned to an examination of Plaintiff's rights under section 23. It was accepted that the information contained in the police docket was held by an organ of state, and was information relevant to the protection of the plaintiff's rights to freedom and security. The defendant, however, placed in issue that the information was “required” by the plaintiff. After a survey of judicial interpretations of the word “required,” the Court concluded that, in its context in section 23, whether information is “required” in any particular case is a factual question. This raised the issue of whether it was intended that section 23 should serve as a discovery measure in litigation between the government and another.
The defendant contended that it was not, and that section 23 should be viewed as analogous to the freedom-of-information statutes enacted in various other countries. The court held that such an analogy is not proper. Section 23 does not give the public a general right of access to information. It confers on individuals a right of access to information which is required for the exercise or protection of a right. Then and only then does the State have an obligation to provide access.
To resist a claim for information, the State would have to satisfy the requirements of section 33 in each particular case. The Court concluded that it was appropriate to use section 23 to obtain discovery of documents, and that the plaintiff was entitled in terms of section 23 to the information in the police docket. The court then turned to a consideration of the defendant's reliance on section 33(1). This resolved into a question of whether docket privilege is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on freedom and equality. (In regard to the requirement of section 33(1)(b)—that a limit “shall not negate the essential content of a right”—the court found that docket privilege did not negate the essential content of the section 23 right.) The court held that Defendant bore the onus to establish this according to the civil standard of proof.
Before turning to a consideration of the affidavit of the Commissioner of Police in support of the defendant's contentions, the Court set out the nature of docket privilege. Prior to 1954, only three categories of privilege were recognised:
State secrets;
identity of informers in criminal cases; and
professional privilege.
R v Steyn conferred a privilege on police dockets. In creating this general privilege, appeal was made to considerations of public policy. Thereafter, judicial precedent extended the privilege and added to it the principle, taken from legal professional privilege, of “once privileged, always privileged.”
In his affidavit, the Commissioner of Police advanced reasons justifying the withholding of information contained in the police docket in a criminal case. These included
the prejudice to the investigation of crime if the identity of informers or the techniques of investigation were revealed;
the possible reluctance of foreign police forces to share information in the absence of a guarantee of confidentiality; and
the adverse effect on the flow of information from the public if its members could not be assured of confidentiality.
In assessing the cogency of such a justification, the court considered that a starting point must be an acceptance that the administration of justice and the maintenance of social peace and order is a fundamental public interest. This dictated that, as a matter of public policy, some information (such as the identity of informers) should be subject to privilege and not be disclosed.
The defendant's case, however, was that, because some of the information might be privileged, all the information should be withheld. This approach did not deal with whether the non-disclosure of unprivileged information in the docket was justifiable in an open and democratic society based on freedom and equality. To determine this question, the parties had been requested to inform the court of the practice in other countries.
By agreement the parties, jointly requested Professor T Geldenhuys of the University of South Africa to prepare a memorandum setting out research conducted by him on this question. Such research covered discovery practice in criminal cases in Canada, New Zealand, the United States of America, England and Australia. The findings are set out in the court's judgment.
The Court concluded from that survey that, in general, the trend in those societies was towards an expansion of the accused's rights of access to information in the possession of the prosecution. In the court's view, South African law should fall in line with that international trend. Policy considerations in favour of disclosure of unprivileged information outweigh those against disclosure. Any residual doubt on where the balance lay was removed by taking into account the fundamental right of equality before the law (section 8(1)), the right to a fair trial (section 25(3)) and the presumption of innocence (section 25(3)(c)).
The Court concluded that Defendant had not established that the privilege hitherto attaching to the police docket in respect of its unprivileged contents was reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on freedom and equality. The Court rejected the claim of docket privilege and granted the defendant leave to file a supplementary discovery affidavit disclosing, in the first schedule, the information in respect of which no privilege was claimed and in the second schedule, that information in respect of which privilege was claimed.
See also
South African constitutional law
South African criminal procedure
References
Khala v Minister of Safety and Security 1994 (2) SACR 361 (W).
Notes
1994 in South African law
1994 in case law
South African case law
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41034996
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesou%20Khagba
|
Kesou Khagba
|
Kesou Khagba was the Representative of the President of Abkhazia in Ukraine from 1992 to 1995. From 1995 to 1999, Khagba was Minister of Culture and from 2000 to 2004, a Deputy of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. He co-founded the newspaper Novy Den. Khagba was born in 1950 in the village Duripsh in Gudauta District.
References
1950 births
Living people
People from Gudauta District
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
3rd convocation of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia
|
41035000
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit%20List%20%28musical%29
|
Hit List (musical)
|
Hit List is an American musical with music and lyrics by Marc Shaiman, Scott Wittman, Drew Gasparini, Joe Iconis, Andrew McMahon, Benj Pasek & Justin Paul, and Lucie Silvas and a book by Julia Brownell, based on the original fictitious musical from the second season of the NBC television series Smash.
Within the television series Hit List is created by characters Jimmy Collins (Jeremy Jordan) and Kyle Bishop (Andy Mientus). Hit List centers around three characters, Amanda, Jesse and "The Diva", as they seek to attain and hold onto fame. Amanda is portrayed by Karen Cartwright (Katharine McPhee), Jesse by Jimmy Collins and The Diva by Ana Vargas (Krysta Rodriguez).
On October 15, 2013, New York City venue 54 Below announced plans to stage Hit List in concert format. Jordan, Mientus and Rodriguez each appeared, with Carrie Manolakos standing in for McPhee. The musical's original concert production opened on December 8, 2013 and closed December 9, 2013 after 3 regular performances.
Development
Hit List was created for season two of Smash, intended to be a rival production to Bombshell, the Marilyn Monroe biographical musical created for season one. Drew Gasparini, Joe Iconis, Andrew McMahon, Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman and Lucie Silvas created the material for the fictional musical. Smash season two showrunner Joshua Safran envisioned Hit List as a "scrappy underdog" to the senior Bombshell, taking inspiration from the 2005 documentary film ShowBusiness: The Road to Broadway, and from Broadway seasons which saw Wicked head-to-head with Avenue Q and Billy Elliot in competition with Next to Normal.
Safran wanted the sound of the second musical to completely contrast with that of Bombshell so he turned to rising theater writers. The first two songs selected for Hit List were "Broadway, Here I Come" and "The Goodbye Song", both by Joe Iconis. "So, in a very strange way, those songs actually created Hit List", Safran stated. He described Hit List as being about "really deal[ing] with the power of fame these days in the music industry or the arts. And the idea that in order to be somebody, you have to pretend to be somebody else."
Fictional genesis
Karen Cartwright overhears Jimmy Collins performing "Broadway Here I Come" and calls director Derek Wills (Jack Davenport) to listen. She offers to introduce Jimmy and his writing partner, Kyle Bishop, to Derek. Jimmy initially refuses but at Kyle's urging he relents. The pair pitches the musical, about a poor boy with songwriting talent who falls for a rich girl who steals his songs. Derek agrees to help shape the musical, to be called Hit List.
At Derek's suggestion, Jimmy and Kyle put together a workshop production of Hit List for the New York Fringe Festival. They do a read-through for friends, which is a disaster because of Kyle's weak book. They press on with the Fringe presentation but Karen's commitment to Bombshell prevents her from appearing. The first staging is poorly received but Karen clandestinely appears in the second staging, which is applauded. With the success Derek sees the potential and attaches himself to the show as director.
Following a successful audition, Manhattan Theatre Workshop director Scott Nichols (Jesse L. Martin) offers to stage Hit List on his venue's "underground" stage. Karen withdraws from the role of Marilyn Monroe in Bombshell and joins the cast of Hit List as Amanda/Nina. After an impromptu audition in a bar, Ana secures the role of The Diva. With the book still in trouble, Scott and Derek enlist Julia Houston (Debra Messing) to serve as dramaturg for Hit List.
Hit List opens on the main stage at the Manhattan Theatre Project to excellent reviews. Broadway producer Jerry Rand (Michael Cristofer) commits to transferring it to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway. Jimmy's volatile attitude gets him fired from the production.
The night before Hit List is slated to open Off-Broadway, Kyle is struck by a car and killed. Grief-stricken, the company decides to open anyway, performing a concert version of the show as a tribute. Moments after the show begins, Jimmy arrives and re-assumes the role of Jesse, performing "The Love I Meant to Say". The company then launches into the fully staged show.
With Hit List running on Broadway, a member of the company named Daisy Parker (Mara Davi) blackmails Derek with threats of a sexual harassment lawsuit unless he gives her the role of The Diva. To avoid scandal, Derek capitulates, leading Ana to threaten legal action.
Hit List is nominated for 13 Tony Awards, facing off against rival show Bombshell (nominated in 12 categories). Hit List wins seven awards, including a posthumous Best Book Tony for Kyle, but loses Best Musical to Bombshell. Karen loses Best Actress to Ivy Lynn (Megan Hilty) in the role of Marilyn.
Comparisons to Rent
Critics noted the similarities between Hit List and Kyle Bishop and the musical Rent and its creator, Jonathan Larson. Like Hit List, Rent premiered in a workshop setting and transferred (although Rent went first to an Off-Broadway venue before going to Broadway). The morning before the show's Off-Broadway premiere, Larson died suddenly but the cast opened the show as scheduled. Like Kyle Bishop, Larson posthumously won the Tony Award for Best Book for a Musical (also Best Score). These parallels were intentional.
Two recurring cast members of Smash, Jesse L. Martin and Daphne Rubin-Vega, were also in the original cast of Rent. Joshua Safran, who was associated with Rent through his ex-boyfriend Anthony Rapp, consulted with both actors to be sure they felt that the story was appropriate and not exploitative. "If Daphne or Jesse had said, 'We feel like this story is in poor taste,' or, 'We don’t think you should do this story,' we’d [have pulled] the plug on it ... Also, because I know them from back in the day — I lived with them ... I think they also felt like I had a connection to that history, and what I was doing was writing my life, in a way."
Andy Mientus has performed in Rent and was also aware of the parallels between his character and Larson. He was nervous about playing the parallels because of his connection to the show but hoped that it mirrored Larson's "enthusiasm and his light and positivity in a way that [made] that parallel something that’s a tribute and not exploitative. It’s about this kid who loves this art form more than anything, and has worked so hard and struggled so much to get the show to where it is, and then can’t be there to see it through. Hopefully that’s the story that we’re telling."
Real-world staging
Safran initially expressed interest in staging a real-world version of Hit List during the second season. "We all talk about doing a Hit List concert at Joe's Pub, which everyone wants to do ... and if I did, I would use some of the songs we never used." Following a performance of the song "Broadway, Here I Come" on Smash, 54 Below artistic director Jennifer Ashley Tepper contacted Safran via the social networking site Twitter. Tepper had previously collaborated with Joe Iconis, who wrote "Broadway, Here I Come".
On October 15, 2013, it was announced that Hit List would be staged in concert format at 54 Below for two performances on December 9.
Tickets for both shows sold out in under an hour. Because of the high demand, an additional performance was scheduled for December 8. The concerts, under the musical direction of Benjamin Rauhala, was presented by Safran and Tepper, with a book written by screenwriter Julia Brownell. Smash stars Jeremy Jordan, Andy Mientus and Krysta Rodriguez performed as "Jesse", "Nick" and "The Diva" respectively. Katharine McPhee, whose character Karen Cartwright starred in the fictional Hit List, was unavailable; her role of "Amanda" was performed by Carrie Manolakos, who had recorded several demo versions of songs performed on Smash. Completing the cast are Molly Hager, Eric Michael Krop, Julia Mattison, Monet Julia Sabel, and Eric William Morris.
Songs that Safran had intended to use on Smash but did not were incorporated into the show, including "Anymore", "The Guide to Success" and "Haddonfield, 15 Years Later" by Iconis, "Calling Out My Name" by Lucie Silvas, "If I Had You" by Gasparini and "Swim" by McMahon. Hit List features 19 songs in total. Both Jordan and Rodriguez noted that the Hit List material when it appeared in Smash was more geared to advancing the Smash stories and characters rather than those of Hit List. With the live staging some songs were performed by different characters from those who performed them for the series.
Productions
Original 54 Below Concert Production
After creating a cult-like following from the television show, Hit List opened for a three show engagement at 54 Below on December 8, 2013 through December 9, 2013. The production was musically directed by Benjamin Rauhala, orchestrated by Charlie Rosen, and presented by Julia Brownell, Joshua Safran, and Jennifer Ashley Tepper. The original concert cast included Jeremy Jordan and Carrie Manolakos in the lead roles of Jesse and Amanda. The cast also featured Krysta Rodriguez as The Diva, Andy Mientus as Nick, and Eric William Morris as JB.
Synopsis (2013 Concert Version)
Setting: New York City, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, Modern Day
Act I
The Diva attends Nina Hope's concert she walks toward the stage raises a gun and pulls the trigger ("Broadway, Here I Come (Pre-Reprise)").
As "poor little rich girl" Amanda Brown performs for a record producer, she hopes that this is finally her time to make it as a pop star ("Good For You"). Jesse returns home to his dirty Brooklyn apartment where he is greeted by his roommate Nick. After a brief discussion with his roommate, Jesse goes to bed, but not before a quick smoke ("Rewrite This Story"). Following a confrontation with her family, who threaten to cut her off financially if she pursues her pop star dreams, Amanda, depressed and lonely heads to a deserted Brooklyn pier, where she contemplates suicide ("Broadway, Here I Come!"). Jesse seeing that Amanda is about to kill herself, intervenes by singing to her ("Anymore"). Infatuated with Amanda, Jesse delightedly tells his roommate about his love for her ("If I Had You"). Growing closer together Jesse and Amanda discuss Hollywood's biggest pop-star to date, The Diva ("Reach For Me"). Jesse confused as to why Amanda would want to be a fake sell out like The Diva, sits while she explains what it takes to be original ("Original"). After making love, Amanda sneaks out of bed, steals all of Jesse's sheet music and disappears into the night. Days later Nick sits in the apartment writing when Jesse enters, they discuss Amanda's disappearance. Jesse, the only one convinced Amanda didn't kill herself doubts that she will return. Two months later Jesse and Nick are closing up the bar in which they work at when Jesse takes interest in the radio. A familiar song echoes through the speakers as Jesse realizes it's Amanda singing one of his songs ("Anymore Reprise"). The radio DJ announces that the song is the newest single by up and rising pop-star Nina Hope. Jesse convinced he has to find Nina makes his way to Los Angeles ("I Heard Your Voice In A Dream"). Outside a small club Jesse comes face to face with Amanda transformed into Nina Hope. Jesse goes to Nina's hotel room, where he is coaxed into writing more music to help Nina's career. As Nina career ascends, Jesse falls back into drug abuse. Nina takes over the party of talent manager JB Planko and forces an audition onto him, he agrees to represent her ("Pretender"). Jesse looms over Nina, JB informs him that it doesn't matter if Nina lies about writing her own music regardless records will sell, after all it is a business ("Guide To Success"). Jesse sits in Nina's hotel room hidden away from the world writing music ("Don't Let Me Know (Pre-Reprise)"). Nina checks in on his writing and begins practicing "her" newest hit to perform for JB ("Don't Let Me Know"). JB loving Nina wants to market her to the world, what better way then a duet performance on the international television broadcast of the VMAs between Nina and his currently biggest star The Diva ("I'm Not Sorry"). As Nina's career soars The Diva has a public breakdown. Nina goes on a publicity tour, advertising her new cd "Hopeful". Jesse appalled that Nina would throw The Diva under the bus on Conan, pleads for her to join him on a trip back to New York. Nina tells JB of her plans to return home for a brief trip when he kisses her, they make love. Jesse waits for Nina, who is not coming, depressed leaves without her ("Caught In The Storm").
Act II
Nick is on the phone trying to get a hold of Jesse, The Diva is hopelessly trying to find herself and blames Nina for her problems, Jesse is on his way home to New York ("Calling Out My Name"). Jesse and The Diva stand in front of two different doors, Jesse knocks first, Nick answers. Nick takes Jesse inside and gives him some advice ("Swim"). The Diva knocks on the door hoping to find her parents, she resumes her original identity, "Sara Smith". No one believes she was once The Diva and she spirals deeper into despair ("Haddonfield (15 Years Later)").Without Jesse to write for her, Nina attempts an original song at her concert ("Good For You (Reprise)"). Nina headed in a downward spiral breaks things off with JB, she returns to Jesse, now clean and sober, and expresses her desire to return to being the Amanda she used to be, with him at her side ("Heart-Shaped Wreckage").
Amanda, her work now polished by her experience as Nina, auditions again for the same record company executives who, along with the rest of the world, have no idea she used to be Nina (who has vanished without trace). She performs her first concert as herself and it is a moderate success. As she launches into her final song, Sara Smith arrives and shoots her ("Broadway, Here I Come! (Reprise)"). Sara Smith jumps on stage trying to promote her new song. Jesse holds Amanda in his arms, he tries to help her but it too late, Jesse sings his goodbyes to Amanda as she dies on stage ("The Love I Meant To Say"). The internet goes crazy over the news of The Diva's arrest, her mediocre single rises to the top, becoming bigger than she ever was. Jesse depressed, at the pier writes in his notebook ("Rewrite This Story (Reprise)"). The musical closes with Jesse once again bidding Amanda goodbye while The Diva is returned to her former glory despite the possibility that the next "Amanda" is out there ready to challenge her supremacy ("The Goodbye Song").
Characters
Principal roles and casts of major productions of stage productions of Hit List
Musical Numbers (2013 Concert Version)
Act I
"Broadway, Here I Come! (Prologue)" — The Diva
"Good For You" — Amanda
"Rewrite This Story" — Amanda and Jesse
"Broadway, Here I Come!" — Amanda
"Anymore" — Jesse
"If I Had You" - Jesse and Nick
"Reach For Me" — The Diva
"Original" — Amanda
"Anymore (Reprise)" — Nina
"I Heard Your Voice In a Dream" — Jesse
"Pretender" — Nina
"Guide To Success" - JB
"Don't Let Me Know" — Nina and Jesse
"I'm Not Sorry" — Nina and The Diva
"Caught In a Storm" — Jesse
Act II
"Calling Out My Name" - Jesse and The Diva
"Swim" - Nick
"Haddonfield (15 Years Later)" — Sara Smith
"Good For You (Reprise)" — Nina
"Heart-Shaped Wreckage" — Amanda and Jesse
"Broadway, Here I Come! (Reprise)" — Amanda
"The Love I Meant To Say" — Jesse
"The Goodbye Song" — Jesse, Amanda, The Diva and Ensemble
Critical reception
Times Square Chronicles described Hit List as "a show for anyone whose dreams are on the edge". Calling the show's sound "great" and its cast "energetic and vocal", the site declared that Hit List should come to Broadway or at least Off-Broadway but that the book should have explored a theme that its fictional writers proposed when pitching the show in Smash, that the songs be an actual "hit list" for people who had wronged the character Jesse.
Jeff Lunden for NPR concurred in part and dissented to an extent. Calling the concert "energetic", the cast "superb" and the music "genuinely impressive", he nonetheless expressed some doubt whether the show itself could be a hit. He would, however, buy a cast recording.
The New York Post declared Hit List to be "exhilarating" and the "hottest new musical in town". Citing the "workable book" as a "happy surprise", the Post praised the "energized" cast, singling out Jordan for special commendation, calling him "relaxed, charming and funny". Hit List, the Post concluded, may prove to be Smash's legacy.
Future
No plans to continue Hit List have been announced. The property is under the control of NBC.
References
2013 musicals
Concerts
Fictional musicals
Musicals based on television series
Smash (TV series)
Musicals set in New York
Musicals set in New Jersey
Musicals set in Los Angeles
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41035008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal%20Ladesou
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Chantal Ladesou
|
Chantal Ladesou (born 5 May 1948) is a French actress and comedian.
Personal life
Ladesou met her husband Michel Ansault and with whom she had three children, two boys, Alix (who died in a car accident), Julien and a daughter, the actress Clémence Ansault. Her son Julien Ansault is married to Pauline Lefèvre.
Career
She was revealed to the public in participating to the TV Show La Classe in 1987.
Theater
Filmography
References
External links
1948 births
French film actresses
Living people
20th-century French actresses
21st-century French actresses
People from Roubaix
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41035025
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr%20Gunba
|
Badr Gunba
|
Badr Gunba (born 1981) was the Minister for Culture and the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Abkhazia from 2011 until 2014. He was appointed by newly elected President Alexander Ankvab on 13 October 2011. Following the May 2014 revolution and the election of President Raul Khajimba, Gunba was replaced as minister by Elvira Arsalia.
He was elected as Vice President of Abkhazia as the running mate of Aslan Bzhania in the 2020 presidential elections.
References
Living people
Vice presidents of Abkhazia
Ministers for Culture of Abkhazia
1981 births
Saratov State Agrarian University alumni
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41035030
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Good%20Human%20Story
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A Good Human Story
|
A Good Human Story is an episode of ITV's anthology television series ITV Sunday Night Drama. It was transmitted on that channel on 17 July 1977, and was episode 8 in the second series.
Story
A young girl is found murdered on the outskirts of a seaside resort. When the story breaks out, national newspapermen arrive at the town, which is soon subject to intense rivalry, as all the journalists covering the crime wish to get an exclusive story.
Cast
The drama featured a cast of well known British actors, including Warren Clarke, Phil Daniels, Michael Elphick, Kenneth Haigh and Lynne Perrie.
References
ITV television dramas
1977 British television episodes
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41035064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusional%20Thomas
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Delusional Thomas
|
Delusional Thomas is a mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller under the alias Delusional Thomas. The mixtape was released as a free digital download on November 1, 2013 via a newly created website delusionalthomas.com.
Delusional Thomas was entirely produced by Miller under his production alias Larry Fisherman. The mixtape featured guest appearances from Earl Sweatshirt, Da$h, Bill Waves, and Mac Miller himself.
Background and themes
After the release of Mac Miller's second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off, Miller began recording material under a new character named Delusional Thomas. On November 1, 2013, Miller released a previous unannounced mixtape named Delusional Thomas, introducing the new character. The mixtape was produced by Miller under his production alias' Larry Fisherman and features him rapping in a distorted pitched up voice. He explained the voice choice saying, "to me it was a character and I wanted to give his whole own complete, like, everything. There was part of me that wanted to do my own voice, but I just wanted it to be its own complete character. And I feel like that evil voice inside your head is always kind of in that pitch."
His rhymes were described frequently as having horrorcore influences. His lyrics contain "references to extreme violence, constant challenges to Christianity and jokes about offering up younger nephews to Michael Jackson for sex." The mixtape featured guest appearances from Earl Sweatshirt, Mac Miller in his normal voice, ASAP Mob's Da$H and Bill Waves.
Miller's album sound and lyrics were also likely influenced by his heavy drug use. In his song "The Jesuits" Miller talks about "black tar demons". This album came at a time during his career when Miller was heavily involved with drugs.
Composition and production
The first track "Larry" "starts out with slow-pounding keys and the eerie sound of a loon call," setting the backdrop for the psychedelic killing spree the track becomes. Songs like "Halo" feature a piano tinged beat that gives a suspenseful twist, "giving the mixtape a feel that's halfway between Tyler, The Creator's Goblin and Eminem's The Slim Shady LP. "Vertigo" features an instrumental made of gunfire, murky slow-mo sound and horror-score synth. Earl Sweatshirt appears on "Bill", where Bruce Smith of HipHopDX said he stole the show. The instrumental of "72" features a xylophone along subtle drums under Miller's sociopathic rhymes. "The Jesuits" "revels in clever wordplay and outrageous rapper imagery." "Melvin" is a "graphic tale of a conflicted rising star trying to figure out if the material goods and women really afford happiness." On "Grandpa Used to Carry a Flask" Miller raps in his normal voice alongside his alter ego over a somber piano backdrop."
Critical reception
Delusional Thomas was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. Jake Rohn of BET stated, "Regardless of who he is in any given moment, Mac Miller is one of the most lyrically gifted MCs in hip hop. He continues to add something new and different. Delusional Thomas''' only drawback is that every song has a similar sound, but for the tatted up rhymer's true fans, it won't matter. This mixtape is not for the squeamish and definitely is not for those that only like Top 40 rap. For everyone else, it's hip hop noir at its finest. With only ten short songs, it's just the right amount of time to keep the listener fully engaged."
Bruce Smith of HipHopDX deemed the mixtape "EP-worthy" saying, "Getting past Mac Miller's bouts of immaturity and voice as "Delusional Thomas" is a chore and can be trying. But hidden behind those flaws is a good mixtape." Drew Millard of Vice referred to the mixtape as the best project of Miller's career. Rob Markman of MTV stated, "the real strength in the Delusional Thomas'' project is showing all the versatility and diversity that Mac has to offer."
Track listing
All songs were solely produced by Mac Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman except "Bill", also produced by randomblackdude.
References
2013 mixtape albums
Mac Miller albums
Albums produced by Mac Miller
Albums produced by Earl Sweatshirt
Horrorcore albums
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41035067
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle%20Session
|
Freestyle Session
|
Freestyle Session is a b-boy competition held every year which crowns the best crew in the world. It is sanctioned by the Urban Dance & Educational Foundation and part of the Pro Breaking Tour and Undisputed's World BBoy Series. Originally held only in the United States, Freestyle Session is now being recognized worldwide. Most years have featured a 3 on 3 battle, but formats have varied over the years, from a 2 on 2 to a 10 on 10 full crew battle. Freestyle Session is most well known as a b-boy event, but has also featured b-girl, youth breaking, popping, and open styles competitions, among others
In 2013, Freestyle Session set off to raise the bar of International Competition with a series of events from local preliminaries to Regional Qualifiers and ultimately the Freestyle Session World Finals to find out who is the best crew in the World. Since 2014, Freestyle Session partnered up with The World BBoy Series and helped create Undisputed, an event to crown the solo world bboy champion.
Freestyle Session Championship results
Freestyle Session Solo Champions results
From 2014, the winner of Freestyle Session Solo qualifies to Undisputed.
2019
Location: San Diego{{32TeamBracket|compact=yes|seeds=no
| team-width=14em
|RD1= Round of 32
|RD2= Round of 16
|RD3= Quarter-finals
|RD4= Semi-finals
|RD5= Final
| RD1-team01= BC One All-Stars
| RD1-score01=W
| RD1-team02= "Windbreakers"
| RD1-score02=L
| RD1-team03= Pelisgrosos
| RD1-score03=L
| RD1-team04= Body Carnival
| RD1-score04=W
| RD1-team05= Motion Disorderz
| RD1-score05=W
| RD1-team06= Crossover Crew
| RD1-score06=L
| RD1-team07= NarekTheShow, MicShaggy, Jerry
| RD1-score07=L
| RD1-team08= Rock Force
| RD1-score08=W
| RD1-team09= HZK Floor Gangz
| RD1-score09=L
| RD1-team10= Nothing 2 Lose
| RD1-score10=W
| RD1-team11= RAW Minds
| RD1-score11=L
| RD1-team12= Monster
| RD1-score12=W
| RD1-team13= Hoolukunz Rhythm Invade
| RD1-score13=L
| RD1-team14= 3:16
| RD1-score14=W
| RD1-team15= Smac 19
| RD1-score15=L
| RD1-team16= 808 Breakers
| RD1-score16=W
| RD1-team17= CrazyStan
| RD1-score17=W
| RD1-team18= Break Syndicate
| RD1-score18=L
| RD1-team19= Monster MZK
| RD1-score19=W
| RD1-team20= Knucklehead Zoo
| RD1-score20=L
| RD1-team21= Belgium With Attitude
| RD1-score21=W
| RD1-team22= Drifterz
| RD1-score22=L
| RD1-team23= Juice Crew
| RD1-score23=W
| RD1-team24= Underground Flow
| RD1-score24=L
| RD1-team25= Boogie Renaissance
| RD1-score25=W
| RD1-team26= Illusion of Exist
| RD1-score26=L
| RD1-team27= United Rivals
| RD1-score27=L
| RD1-team28= German Ingenuity
| RD1-score28=W
| RD1-team29= Ariya
| RD1-score29=L
| RD1-team30= Renegade Lords
| RD1-score30=W
| RD1-team31= Bring It Back
| RD1-score31=W
| RD1-team32= Florida H-Town
| RD1-score32=L
| RD2-team01= CrazyStan
| RD2-score01=W
| RD2-team02= Boogie Renaissance
| RD2-score02=L
| RD2-team03= German Ingenuiety
| RD2-score03=L
| RD2-team04= Renegade Lords
| RD2-score04=W
| RD2-team05= Motion Disorderz
| RD2-score05=L
| RD2-team06= Rock Force
| RD2-score06=W
| RD2-team07= 808 Breakers
| RD2-score07=L
| RD2-team08= Nothing 2 Lose
| RD2-score08=W
| RD2-team09= Juice Crew
| RD2-score09=L
| RD2-team10= Monster
| RD2-score10=W
| RD2-team11= Body Carnival
| RD2-score11=W
| RD2-team12= Bring it Back
| RD2-score12=L
| RD2-team13= Monster MZK
| RD2-score13=L
| RD2-team14= Belgium With Attitude
| RD2-score14=W
| RD2-team15= 3:16
| RD2-score15= L
| RD2-team16= BC One All-Stars
| RD2-score16=W
| RD3-team01= Belgium With Atittude
| RD3-score01=W
| RD3-team02= Body Carnival
| RD3-score02=L
| RD3-team03= CrazyStan
| RD3-score03=L
| RD3-team04= BC One All-Stars
| RD3-score04=W
| RD3-team05= Rock Force
| RD3-score05=W
| RD3-team06= Monster
| RD3-score06=L
| RD3-team07= Nothing 2 Lose
| RD3-score07=L
| RD3-team08= Renegade Lords
| RD3-score08=W
| RD4-team01= BC One All-Stars
| RD4-score01=W
| RD4-team02= Rock Force
| RD4-score02=L
| RD4-team03= Belgium With Attitude
| RD4-score03=L
| RD4-team04= ''Renegade Lords| RD4-score04=W| RD5-team01= BC One All-Stars| RD5-score01=W| RD5-team02= Renegade Lords
| RD5-score02=L
}}
2018
Location: Los Angeles
Date: November 10–11, 2018
Individuals in bold won their respective battles.
2017
Location: San Diego
Date: August 26–27, 2017
Individuals in bold won their respective battles.
20th Anniversary: The Return of the Crew Battle
Location: Los Angeles
Date: November 11–12, 2017
Individuals in bold won their respective battles.
Winning Bboys: Moy, Zeku, Gravity, Jeremy, Tata Kareem Jeffro, Boxwon, Pocket, and Benji.
2016
Location: Los Angeles, California
Date: November 12, 2016
Individuals in bold won their respective battles.
2015
Location: Los Angeles, California
Date: November 8, 2015
Individuals in bold won their respective battles.
After winning Freestyle Session, the second to last event of the World BBoy Series, Victor () earned a double pass to Undisputed.
2014
Starting in 2014, Freestyle Session began hosting solo or 1-on-1 b-boy battles. This was a result of partnering up with The World BBoy Series and Undisputed, an event to crown the solo world bboy champion. By winning Freestyle Session, El Niño () earned the seventh bid to the Undisputed World BBoy Series at the end of the 2014 year.
Location: San Diego, California
Date: November 8, 2014
Individuals in bold''' won their respective battles.
References
External links
Freestyle Session Official Site
Breakdance
Street dance competitions
|
41035068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosbah%20Sana%C3%AF
|
Mosbah Sanaï
|
Mosbah Sanaï (; born 26 March 1991) is a Tunisian handball player for Steaua București and the Tunisian national team.
He competed for the Tunisian national team at the 2013 World Championship in Spain, where the Tunisian team finished eleventh.
Honours
National team
African Championship
Winner: 2012 Morocco (27 goals)
Runners-up: 2014 Algeria
Junior World Championship
Bronze Medalist: 2011 Greece (36 goals)
Club
Tunisia National League
Winner: 2011
Tunisia National Cup
Winner: 2010
IHF Super Globe
Bronze Medalist: 2013 Qatar
African Super Cup
Winner: 2013 Sousse
Runners-up: 2011 Yaoundé
African Champions League
Winner: 2010 Casablanca
Runners-up: 2011 Kaduna
Asian Champions League
Winner: 2013 Doha
African Cup Winners' Cup
Winner: 2012 Tunis
Bronze medalist: 2013 Hammamet
Arab Championship of Champions
Bronze medalist: 2013 Saudi Arabia
Gulf Club Championship
Winner: 2014 Saudi Arabia
Bronze medalist: 2013 Bahrain
References
1991 births
Living people
Tunisian male handball players
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in France
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate handball players
People from Medenine Governorate
Mediterranean Games medalists in handball
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Tunisia
Competitors at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
CSA Steaua București (handball) players
Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
|
41035069
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/340%20Fremont%20Street
|
340 Fremont Street
|
340 Fremont Street is a residential skyscraper in the Rincon Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The tower has 348 residential units on 40 floors.
History
As part of the Rincon Hill Plan adopted in August 2005, the parcels at 340 Fremont and 350 Fremont were up-zoned for a single residential tower. Developed by Archstone Smith and Jackson Pacific Ventures, and initially designed by Heller Manus Architects, the development was approved for 332 residential units with 332 underground parking spaces by the San Francisco Planning Commission on June 15, 2006.
Due to the United States housing market correction and the ensuing worldwide financial crisis, construction was delayed. During 2008 to 2013, a period of market recovery, the project received five consecutive 12-month extensions of its entitlements. In 2012, the project was redesigned by Handel Architects, and the number of units was increased to 348, while the number of parking spaces was reduced to 269.
In 2013, the project entitlements were acquired by Equity Residential, with plans to break ground by the end of 2013. In late 2013, demolition and construction permits were issued but a neighboring homeowner association appealed the permits. In February 2014, the appeal was denied, clearing the way for construction to begin. Demolition of existing structures on the site began in March 2014. Ceremonial groundbreaking took place on April 24, 2014. The building was topped-out on October 22, 2015, and residents began moving in mid-2016.
Design
The project features 348 residential units, consisting of 91 studios, 119 one-bedrooms, and 138 two-bedrooms. 269 parking spaces are located on three underground levels, primarily in stackers. The building has an podium, topped with an outdoor terrace. The tower reaches a roof height of with a mechanical penthouse, resulting in a total structural height of .
Previous structures on the site that were razed included a 3-story building at 340 Fremont Street, constructed in 1962, once occupied by the National Maritime Engineers Benefit Association, and 350 Fremont Street, constructed in 1952, which was previously occupied by the Seafarer's Union. To partially mitigate the loss of the "maritime labor historic context", the project will include a publicly accessible interpretive display in a midblock passage off Fremont Street.
Gallery
See also
List of tallest buildings in San Francisco
References
Residential condominiums in San Francisco
Residential buildings in San Francisco
Residential skyscrapers in San Francisco
Skyscrapers in San Francisco
South of Market, San Francisco
|
41035071
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Phelps
|
Phil Phelps
|
Phil Phelps (born May 1, 1979) is a Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives, elected in a special election in 2013 to replace Jim Ananich after he resigned his seat to replace John J. Gleason who was elected clerk of Genesee County in 2012.
Political life
Previous political positions held was as special advisor to House Democratic Leader Richard Hammel and in 2013 chief of staff for incoming State Representative Pam Faris.
Electoral history
References
1979 births
Living people
Politicians from Flint, Michigan
Democratic Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
University of Michigan–Flint alumni
21st-century American politicians
|
41035074
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth%20International%20Port
|
Portsmouth International Port
|
Portsmouth International Port, also known as Portsmouth Port or Portsmouth Continental Ferry Port, is a cruise, ferry and cargo terminal located in the city of Portsmouth on the south coast of England.
History
Portsmouth investigated three locations for a ferry port at the end of the 1960s, before the current location was chosen. The choice was based on cost and the likely benefit of cross-channel ferries. The site was at the end of the newly constructed M275. Originally built with two berths the site opened in 1976 with the Earl William (Sealink) running to the Channel Islands, the Viking Victory (Townsend Thoresen) running to Cherbourg, and Brittany Ferries running to Saint-Malo.
Ro-Ro Freight and Passenger Ferry Operations
Future developments
In early 2019, it was announced that owners Portsmouth City Council had agreed to invest £33.7m to expand the Port. £18.7m would go towards developments within Portsmouth International Port. This would include levelling and extending Berth 2 so it could accommodate ships up to 255m in length, upgrading the passenger terminal to provide dedicated facilities for cruise passengers and replacing the 35 year-old passenger boarding tower. It is predicted that the improvements will lead to an increase in the number of cruise passengers at the Port from 50,000 to 150,000 in the coming years.
The remaining £15m will be invested in improving facilities at Portico (formerly MMD Shipping Services), who operate two commercial quays within the Port.
Isle of Wight Ferries
Ferry services to the Isle of Wight, operated by Wightlink, also depart from Portsmouth from other terminals within the city, away from Portsmouth International Port. The car ferry, which sails to Fishbourne, uses a dedicated terminal based in Old Portsmouth. In addition, a passenger catamaran service sails from Portsmouth Harbour railway station to Ryde Pier.
External links
The Official Website of Portsmouth International Port.
Wightlink
Brittany Ferries Portsmouth Port Information
References
Portsmouth
Transport in Portsmouth
|
41035081
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1984 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1984 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on November 24, 1984, at the Place des Arts in Montreal, Quebec. It was the 5th Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
Notable Events
The first time the contest was held outside the United States.
Erika Mes, at , was the lightest Ms. Olympia competitor to compete.
See also
1984 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
SPORTS OF THE TIMES; A MATTER OF MUSCLES
Ms. Olympia Turns 30
1984 Ms Olympia Results
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1984 MS. OLYMPIA (DOWNLOAD)
1984 MS. OLYMPIA (DVD)
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
es:Ms. Olympia
it:Ms. Olympia
he:גברת אולימפיה
nl:Ms. Olympia
pl:Ms. Olympia
pt:Ms. Olympia
sv:Ms. Olympia
|
41035105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omri%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Omri (disambiguation)
|
Omri was a biblical King of Israel.
Omri, OMRI, Omry, or similar can mean:
People
Omri Afek (born 1979), Israeli footballer
Omri Altman (born 1994), Israeli footballer
Omri Amrany (born 1954), Israeli-American sculptor and painter
Omri Ben Harush (born 1990), Israeli professional footballer
Omri Casspi (born 1988), Israeli professional NBA basketball player
Omri Ceren, political blogger
Omri Katz (born 1976), American actor
Omri Kende (born 1986), Israeli footballer
Omri Lowther (born 1983), Canadian-American boxer
Omri Marcus (born 1979), comedy writer and creative director
Omri Nave (born 1988), Israeli footballer
Omry Ronen (1937-2012), American Slavist
Omri Sharon (born 1964), Israeli politician
Other
House of Omri refers to Omri and his descendants (particularly Ahab)
Omri, Iran, village in Iran
Omri, a major character in The Indian in the Cupboard series
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ()
Organic Materials Review Institute, see
|
41035108
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa%20Culha
|
Mustafa Culha
|
Mustafa Culha (Çulha) is a full professor Chemistry and the founder of Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Engineering Research Group which he established in 2004. He is currently undertaking research for early cancer detection at the Knight Cancer Institute of Oregon Health and Science University. Prof. Culha has significant contributions for the biomedical applications of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), better understanding of surface chemistry versus toxicity relationship of nanomaterials, and synthesis and biomedical applications of boron nitride nanomaterials including boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and hexagonal boron nitrides (hBNs). He continues to explore these and related fields to help the humanity to overcome the biggest challenges in disease detection, diagnosis and treatment.
References
External links
Official University CV
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=15715.php
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=26690.php
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-015-9033-3
Turkish biochemists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Yeditepe University
|
41035114
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorea%20robusta%20seed%20oil
|
Shorea robusta seed oil
|
Shorea robusta seed oil is an edible oil extracted from the seeds of Shorea robusta. Shorea robusta is known as the Sal tree in India. Sal is indigenous to India and occurs in two main regions separated by the Gangetic Plain, namely the northern and central Indian regions. The plant belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae botanical family.
Common name in Indian languages
Common name: Sal
Hindi:( साल) Sal, Salwa, Sakhu, Sakher
Marathi: sal, guggilu, rala, sajara
+Telugu: Guggilamu
Tamil: attam, venkungiliyam, kungiliyam
Malayalam: kaimaruthu, kungiliyam, maramaram
Kannada: ashvakarna, asina, asu, bile-bhogimara
Bengali: Sal
Oriya: sala
Urdu: Ral, Safed dammar
Assamese: Sal, Hal
Sanskrit: agnivallabha, ashvakarna, ashvakarnika
Tree
S. robusta is a deciduous tree that reaches up to , with a trunk circumference up to . Under normal conditions they reach with girths of . The trunk is clean, straight and cylindrical, often bearing epicormic branches. The crown is spreading and spherical. The bark is dark brown and thick, with longitudinal fissures deep in poles, becoming shallow in mature trees, and provides effective fire protection. The tree develops a long taproot at a young age. The tree grows at altitude. The mean annual temperature required is between and . The tree requires mean annual rainfall between and maximum of . S. robusta flourishes best in deep, well-drained, moist, slightly acid, sandy to clayey soils. It does not tolerate waterlogging. The most favourable soil is a moist sandy loam with good subsoil drainage. Soil moisture is essential.
Leaves are simple, shiny, about long and broadly oval at the base, with the apex tapering into a long point. New leaves are reddish, soon becoming delicate green.
Flowers are yellowish-white, arranged in large terminal or axillary racemose panicles.
Fruit at full size is about long and in diameter; it is surrounded by segments of the calyx enlarged into 5 rather unequal wings about long. Fruit content is 66.4% kernel and pod, 33.6% is shell and calyx. The fruits generally ripen in May.
The seed contains 14-15% fat. It has calyx and wings. The de-winged seeds contain a thin, brittle seed pod. The kernel has 5 segments covering the embryo. of seeds give of kernel. The seeds are 10.8% water, 8% protein, 62.7% carbohydrate, 14.8% oil, 1.4% fiber and 2.3% ash.
Habitat
This species ranges south of the Himalaya, from Myanmar in the east to Nepal, India and Bangladesh. The tree is widely distributed in tropical regions and covers about 13.3% of the forested area in the country. Sal (Shorea robusta) tree occurs either gregariously or mixed with other trees in Himalayan foot hills and central India. In the Himalayan foothill belt it extends up to Assam valley (including Mefghalaya and Tripura) in the east to foothills of north-west Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Kangra region of Himachala Pradesh. The Gangetic Plain separate the Himalayan foothill from the central Indian belt.
Seed collection-oil extraction
Sal is a major means of survival for forest dwellers in the Central Indian states of Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. These three states include the country's largest sal belt. Sal forest covers about 45% of their forested areas. Orissa has the largest sal forest, covering followed by Madhya Pradesh with and Chhattisgarh with . Across these three states some 20-30 million forest dwellers depend on collection of sal seeds, leaves and resins. The proper storage of seeds before processing is crucial. Excess moisture (>6-8%) damages oil quality via Hydrolysis in the seed fat, with resulting high free fatty acid oil output.
Sal fat is extracted via three methods. Traditionally fat is extracted by water rendering. The second, mechanical system is extraction by oil expeller and rotary mills. The third method is via solvent extraction in which the seed is pressed as flakes first in a flaker mill and exposed to solvent extraction.
Characteristics
The extracted crude sal oil/fat is greenish-brown and has a characteristic odour. Due to the presence of more saturated fatty acids, it is solid at room temperature. Because of this, it is known as sal fat or sal butter. The oil is used as cooking oil after refining. The oil contains 35-45% stearic acid, an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid, and 40-45% oleic acid, which is a mono unsaturated fatty acid, with 18 carbon atoms. The refined oil is used as substitute for cocoa butter in chocolate manufacturing.
Applications
Sal oil or butter is used for cooking locally and used for soap up to 30%. Refined, modified fat is a substitute for cocoa butter and used in confectionery industry. Sal butter is used in the manufacturing of edible ghee (vanaspati), paints and pigments, lubricants, auto oil, etc.
See also
Shorea robusta
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20130211065905/http://jhamfcofed.com/resources/sal_seed.htm
http://upscguide.com/content/timber-trees-india.
Cooking oils
Vegetable oils
|
41035124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5758%20road
|
A5758 road
|
The A5758 road (also known as Broom's Cross Road or the Thornton Bypass) is a single-carriageway road in Merseyside, England, constructed during 2014–15 and linking the A565 road in Thornton to Switch Island junction. The road is officially named the A5758 Broom's Cross Road, with Broom's Cross being the site of a medieval wayside cross near Thornton and the road numbering referencing the two motorways the road links to, the M57 and M58 motorway respectively.
Development
Discussions
Discussions about the need for the road to be constructed date back to the construction of Switch Island junction, with numerous public consultations held throughout the years to ascertain public support and opinion on the need for the road and the alignment it would take. The consultations have produced favourable responses from the majority of respondents, with several different alignment suggestions being proposed over the years.
Sefton Council gave their final approval in September 2013, with construction starting towards the end of the 2013 calendar year. The cost was in the region of £20.4 million, with the UK Government contributing £14.5M towards that and Sefton Council contributing £5.9M. The financial benefits over the 6 years following construction of the road has been estimated to be in the region of £140–200M.
Early proposals
The need for an improved route between Switch Island and the main Southport Road was first identified during the early 1930s. Around that time, workmen "pegged out" a route across farmland near Ince Woods which never materialised. Further proposals were discussed in 1968, during planning for the M57, M58, and M62 motorways. Shortly after the motorways opened, a number of proposals to allow traffic to bypass Thornton and Netherton were developed, given increased road traffic over the years that followed added to the congestion throughout Thornton. The location on where a road would be built was a controversial subject during the 20th century, due to close proximity to Ince Woods and environmental concerns. County planners of the time favoured widening the A565 road.
In 1990, a detailed proposal known as the Blue Route was submitted for planning permission, which would have involved a dual carriageway road between Switch Island and the Formby Bypass. This proposal was ultimately rejected by then Secretary of State for Transport in May 1995 despite favourable public consensus, on the grounds it would have negative impact on greenbelt land and be detrimental to conservation areas and protected species.
A Sefton Council environmental statement in 2010 made reference to the traffic congestion that had affected routes around the Thornton area for "many years", as well as the impacts to quality of life and the environment.
Public consultations
In May 2000, a public consultation began which proposed six possible options, with the intention to understand the views and opinions of residents and businesses along the route between Thornton and Switch Island. Following feedback, six options were considered for possible highway construction, those being:
Option 1: Minimum approach involving maintenance and improved signage
Option 2: Switch Island Link Road and junction improvements at Brickwall Lane
Option 3: Co-ordinated improvements involving a Thornton bypass, Brickwall Lane enhancements and Switch Island Link Road
Option 4: Co-ordinated improvements involving a Thornton bypass, Netherton Relief Road and Switch Island Link Road
Option 5: Single carriageway road between Switch Island the A565 Southport Road
Option 6: Dual carriageway between Switch Island and Formby Bypass
Of all the considered options, Option 5 performed well during the appraisal process and was identified as being the preferred option to pursue by Sefton Council. A further consultation was undertaken in 2003, during which questionnaires were distributed to ascertain resident and business viewpoints on the proposal identified in the 2000 consultation; it determined nearly 80% of respondents agreed for the need of a new road as proposed, with the majority of those questioned strongly agreeing. Of those that did not agree to the preferred option, nearly a third (30%) expressed concerns that the proposal may result in increased congestion, whilst a quarter (25%) expressed a preference for the route to be constructed as a dual carriageway.
During a further consultation held 2006, local residents and businesses were sent another questionnaire asking them how strongly they agreed or disagreed with the proposed alignment and the need to restrict traffic levels and speeds once the proposed road had opened. Of the 12807 questionnaires that were sent, 10.9% were returned, with a further 100 completed at public exhibitions and online; the majority of responses were in agreement with the proposed alignment.
Final decision
Following the 2006 public consultation, the scheme for a single-carriageway link to Thornton was given high priority and accepted in July 2006 by the then-Secretary of State for Transport, Douglas Alexander. Funding was approved by the Department for Transport in February 2011 when Sefton Council accepted the terms and conditions that has been proposed. After two objections were raised regarding the compulsory purchase order needed to acquire the land on which the road was to be built, a public inquiry was held in October 2012. Subsequent to this, the government inspector approved the plans. Following Sefton Council giving their final approval in September 2013, construction was proposed to begin by early November 2013 for a period of around 12 months, with the financial benefits estimated to be in the region of £140–200 million over the 60 years post-construction.
Construction
Following the completion of land acquisition, contractors Balfour Beatty marked out the route of the bypass in October 2013 offering the first glimpse of where the road would be built.
Initial land works began in January 2014 with an expected completion date in the final quarter of 2014. In November 2014 it was reported that the project had been delayed due to poor weather and ground conditions, with the completion date pushed back to Spring 2015. Despite this, construction works to connect the new road to the main junction at Switch Island concluded by the end of December 2014, with the second phase of works taking place mostly throughout the night in January 2015 to minimise disruption. The road surface began to be laid in February 2015 with a revised opening of Spring 2015 forecast. Reports in March 2015 confirmed that due to frost and rainfall, the date of opening had been postponed to at least May 2015.
After further slippage in the timescales, the opening date was revised from late June 2015 to 19 August 2015. The delay was explained as being due to needing to undertake additional work to stabilise the road foundation in two locations to make it suitable to lay tarmac on. The road finally opened on the evening of 19 August 2015, costing £20.4M in total, of which Sefton Council funded £5.9M (approximately 30%) of the cost.
Route
The route is constructed as a , two lane single carriageway with hardstrips and a verge, with an speed limit. The road has some sections on low embankment and others in shallow cutting where it runs close to existing residential properties, but is mostly close to existing ground level. Surface drainage is collected by a kerb and gully system and discharged into four new attenuation ponds. The route is only lit where there are specific safety reasons for doing so, such as at junctions and crossings along the route. There are no footways along the route other than specific pedestrian crossing points.
The road starts at Switch Island junction, with direct connections to its namesake motorways (M57 and M58 respectively), as well as the A5036 and A59 roads which all converge at the junction. The road closely follows the route of the Northern Perimeter Road which is to its south, with the only major intersection being when it crosses the B5422 road. From there it continues in a northwest direction until it meets the A565 road, at a roundabout constructed as part of the scheme to improve efficiency for converging traffic.
Operation
Several months after opening in December 2015, a Sefton Council committee meeting recorded that the road was being very well used, with noticeably less traffic on the roads it was bypassing, those being the Northern Perimeter Road and Lydiate Lane respectively. It was subsequently reported in January 2016 that a section of the road would need to undergo a series of repair works during the evenings of a three-week period, just five months after the road opened to traffic. A year after opening, road users were giving generally positive feedback, with some confirming that travel times had been reduced and offers a more convenient means of accessing the motorways, although a common recurring concern were the junction issues at Switch Island.
Since opening, there have been reports relating to an increased number of road traffic incidents at Switch Island, the main terminus of the A5758 road. Some road users have noted that a lack of clear road markings and signage may be a contributing factor towards the traffic collisions, whilst Sefton Council noted that they continue to review the operation of the road and associated junctions. Following continued incidents at the junction with Switch Island, the council confirmed in July 2016 that it was in talks with Highways England and Merseyside Police with Bill Esterson, MP for Sefton Central, calling for changes to be considered to the road to improve safety.
Plans were announced in February 2016 which proposed a new £200M road could be built through Rimrose Valley to link directly into the A5758 road in an effort to reduce the heavy congestion on the A5036 road; Sefton Council rejected the proposal in March 2017, citing the desire to instead build a tunnel to overcome the congestion concerns.
References
External links
Roads in England
Roads in Merseyside
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41035134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314%20Arkansas%E2%80%93Little%20Rock%20Trojans%20men%27s%20basketball%20team
|
2013–14 Arkansas–Little Rock Trojans men's basketball team
|
The 2013–14 Arkansas–Little Rock Trojans men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas at Little Rock during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Trojans, led by eleventh year head coach Steve Shields, played their home games at the Jack Stephens Center, and are members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 15–17, 9–9 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt Conference tournament where they lost Arkansas State.
Roster
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#800000; color:#c4c8cb;"| Regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#800000; color:#c4c8cb;"| 2014 Sun Belt tournament
References
Arkansas-Little Rock
Little Rock Trojans men's basketball seasons
TRoj
TRoj
|
41035165
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embers%20of%20War
|
Embers of War
|
Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam is a 2012 book by the Cornell University historian Fredrik Logevall, which won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for History. It also won the inaugural American Library in Paris Book Award and the 2013 Arthur Ross Book Award and was a runner-up for the Cundill Prize. The book covers the Vietnam conflict right from the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference till 1959, when the first American soldiers are killed in an ambush near Saigon in Vietnam, focusing on the Indochina War between France and the Viet Minh.
Reviews
Alan Brinkley. The New York Times.
Scott Midgley. Reviews in History.
References
2012 non-fiction books
21st-century history books
Pulitzer Prize for History-winning works
Vietnam War books
American history books
American political books
Random House books
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41035182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert%20of%20Vignory
|
Lambert of Vignory
|
Lambert of Vignory, or Lambert II, was the bishop elect of Langres between the death of Bishop Robert in 1111 and the election of Joceran de Brancion in 1113. He is probably to be identified with the archdeacon of the same name who served Langres Cathedral in the same period. He was probably the son of Guy II, lord of Vignory, and Hildegarde. An earlier bishop, Lambert I, is sometimes (erroneously) called "Lambert of Vignory" also.
Lambert's episcopate is known from one charter of 1111, wherein Count William II of Nevers donated the proprietary church of Saint-Aignan de Tonnerre, which had been passed down in his family, to the abbey of Molême. He proclaimed he did this for the benefit of the souls of himself, his father, Count Reginald II of Nevers, his mother, Agnes, his uncle, Count William I, and his other uncle, the late bishop, Robert. He dated his charter to the time when "the lord Lambert was elected in the diocese of Langres".
Notes
Sources
1110s deaths
Bishops of Langres
Year of birth unknown
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41035190
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20Access%20Music
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Random Access Music
|
Random Access Music (RAM) is a New York City-based composer and performer collective. Its current members are composers Guy Barash, Seth Boustead, Nerissa Campbell, Gilbert Galindo, Masatora Goya, Zhihua Hu, Beata Moon, Allen Schulz, Frances White, and performers soprano Risa Renae Harman, baritone Seth Gilman, flutist and ryuteki player Lish Lindsey, clarinetist and hichiriki player Thomas Piercy, violinist Sabina Torosjan, violist Liuh-Wen Ting, cellist Daniel Hass, guitarist Nadav Lev, pianist Marija Ilic, pianist/composer Tengku Irfan, and pianist Marina Iwao.
Mission
To promote and produce high caliber composition and performance of music by living American composers in a variety of venues throughout New York City, with an emphasis in Queens; to continue the tradition of chamber music in the 21st century; to foster a fully-engaged and fruitful collaborative spirit between composers and performers; to nurture connections with its audience through media outreach and engaging productions; to build new audiences for new music by bringing greater awareness to the general public through outreach, education, and scholarship.
History
RAM began as solely a composers’ collective under the aegis of the Astoria Symphony in 2005 in order to give its member-composers performance opportunities with new music ensembles and individuals that hoped to share in a more collaborative creative process. Composers and musicians hoped for a process that was on-going, fully-engaged, and fruitful for both composer and performers. Encouraged by its growth over the next 3 years, RAM incorporated into its own 501(c)3 in 2009 and has been growing ever since. In 2012, RAM expanded its operations to produce the first ever Queens New Music Festival, presenting ensembles from around the country. In 2014, RAM formed the RAM Players, a roster of musicians dedicated to and seasoned in the music of RAM composers. RAM is an active composer-performer consortium presenting concert programs every season and the Queens New Music Festival. In the past RAM has collaborated with groups such as the Anubis Saxophone Quartet, Kronos Quartet, Cadillac Moon Ensemble, loadbang, the Gotham Ensemble, Iktus Percussion, Quintet of the Americas, and Parthenia, among others; as well as individual performers as the Svrček-Ojeda piano duo, Hans Tammen, pianist Laura Barger, flutist Robert Dick, violinist Miranda Cuckson, pianist/composer Emilio Teubal, and pianist Kathleen Supove.
References
Musical collectives
|
41035208
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaben%20Creek
|
Schwaben Creek
|
Schwaben Creek is a tributary of Mahanoy Creek in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Schwaben Creek is approximately long. The creek has two named tributaries, which both join Schwaben Creek fairly close to its mouth. The tributaries are called Middle Creek and Mouse Creek. Schwaben Creek flows through Upper Mahanoy Township, Washington Township, and Jackson Township. Nearly all of the creek's watershed is devoted to agricultural land and forests, although there is some development. Painted furniture was also made in the Schwaben Creek valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. The creek is in the ridge-and-valley geographical province.
Course
Schwaben Creek starts in Mahanoy Township, south of Line Mountain. The creek flows westward through a valley, going past the communities of Leck Kill and Greenbrier before exiting Mahanoy Township. Upon exiting Mahanoy Township, Schwaben Creek flows into Washington Township. Shortly after entering Washington Township, the creek flows northwest to pass by the Himmels Church, where it picks up its tributary Middle Creek. It then flows westward past the community of Rebuck, and the Rebuck Church before turning southwest and then west again. The creek's valley begins getting wider as it passes St. Peters Church and leaves Washington Township. Schwaben Creek then enters Jackson Township, where it bends southwards, picking up Mouse Creek at the community of Red Cross. The creek then turns northwest and flows under Pennsylvania Route 225 to enter Mahanoy Creek.
Tributaries
Middle Creek is one tributary of Schwaben Creek. Middle Creek flows into Schwaben Creek approximately three quarters of the way from the source to the mouth. Mouse Creek is another tributary of Schwaben Creek. It has a drainage area of 7.1 square miles. The creek joins Schwaben Creek about half a mile from the latter creek's confluence with Mahanoy Creek.
Watershed
Townships in the Schwaben Creek watershed include Washington Township and Upper Mahanoy Township. The total area of the creek's watershed is 22.48 square miles. The watershed has a total of stream distance.
Approximately 55% of the land in the Schwaben Creek watershed is devoted to agriculture. An additional 41% of the land consists of forests. 3% of the land in the watershed is termed "low-intensity development" by the Environmental Protection Agency.
of the Schwaben Creek watershed consist of pastures and similar land. of the watershed are devoted to cropland. are devoted to forest. are devoted to low-intensity development. of the watershed are devoted to unpaved roads. are labeled as "transition" by the Environmental Protection Agency. of the watershed consist of wetlands.
The Himmel's Church Covered Bridge crosses Schwaben Creek at Rebuck. It was built in 1874.
Hydrology
A total of of sediment flow through Schwaben Creek per day. This equates to per year. per day comes from cropland and per day come from stream banks. per day come from pastures, per day comes from forests, and per day comes from unpaved roads. Land with low intensity development and land in transition are the smallest contributors of sediment to Schwaben Creek, contributing and per day, respectively.
The average annual rainfall over a 19-year period in the Schwaben Creek watershed is . The average annual runoff over a 19-year period in the watershed is .
Almost all of the streams in the Schwaben Creek watershed are considered "impaired" by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. The exception is the headwaters of Schwaben Creek's tributary, Middle Creek.
Schwaben Creek, along with Little Mahanoy Creek, are the only tributaries of Mahanoy Creek that are not affected by the mining industry.
Geography and geology
The average elevation in the Schwaben Creek watershed is above sea level. The creek and its entire watershed is located in the ridge-and-valley physiographic province. The rocks on the surface of the creek's watershed are primarily interbedded sedimentary rock. The main soil group is the C group.
Erosion channels are present in impaired parts of the streams in the Schwaben Creek watershed. The streambanks of many streams in the watershed are also eroded.
A rock formation consisting of coarse white or light gray sandstone on top of a layer of buff and yellow colored rock passes through the Schwaben Creek watershed.
History
Schwaben Creek used to also be known as Himmels Creek, or Greenbriar Creek.
Schwaben Creek takes its name from the German region of Swabia (German: Schwaben). The name reflects the homeland of the area's settlers. A similarly named, but otherwise unrelated, Swabia Creek exists in Berks and Lehigh Counties, Pennsylvania, about 75 miles east of Schwaben Creek.
A large number of furniture pieces were made in the Schwaben Creek valley in the very late 18th century and early 1800s. The furniture was made by Pennsylvania German inhabitants, including Johannes Mayer. The types of furniture included blanket chests, chests of drawers, and cupboards. The 2013 book Encyclopedia of American Folk Art called the furniture from the Schwaben Creek valley "the most exuberant and unique paint-decorated furniture".
An eastward-running road between Sunbury and Paxtang Road (also known as Tulpehocken Road) was laid out in 1788. The road was long and was built by Andrew Reitz, Frederick Knoebel, George Pfeiffer, John Nicholas Hettrick, John Nicholas Snyder, and Michael Roth.
Schwaben Creek has been recognized as an impaired watershed since 2002.
Plants and animals
Schwaben Creek is stocked with trout each year between February 15 and July 31. Livestock have access to parts of the creek. There are a total of twenty known species of fish in the creek near the community of Red Cross.
There are few or no riparian buffers in the parts of Schwaben Creek that are in agricultural land.
See also
Zerbe Run, next tributary of Mahanoy Creek going upstream
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
List of tributaries of Mahanoy Creek
References
Rivers of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
Tributaries of Mahanoy Creek
Rivers of Pennsylvania
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41035215
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa%20requirements%20for%20Sammarinese%20citizens
|
Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens
|
Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of San Marino. As of July 2023, San Marino citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 173 countries and territories, ranking the San Marino passport 19th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Currently (as of 2020) the San Marino passport is one of the four European "ordinary" passports to provide visa-free access to the People's Republic of China.
Besides the Sammarinese passport, there are only 4 other passports that provide either visa-free entry, or entry via an electronic travel authorisation, to the world's four largest economies: China (visa-free, 90 days), India (e-Visa, 60 days), the European Union (visa-free, 90 days within 180 days), and the United States (ESTA required for arrivals by air and sea, 90 days): those of Brunei, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore.
San Marino and Russia signed a visa-free agreement on 2 December 2021, however it has not been implemented yet.
Visa requirements map
Visa requirements
Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories
Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:
Non-visa restrictions
See also
Visa policy of San Marino
Visa policy of the Schengen Area
Sammarinese passport
Foreign relations of San Marino
References
Notes
San Marino
Foreign relations of San Marino
|
41035228
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87a%20ira%20-%20Il%20fiume%20della%20rivolta
|
Ça ira - Il fiume della rivolta
|
Ça ira - Il fiume della rivolta, also released internationally as Thermidor, is an Italian collage film combining documentary and drama genres, directed by Tinto Brass. Taking its name from the popular revolutionary song "Ça ira", the film is a critical narrative of 20th century revolutions from 1900 to 1962 and their legacy.
The first film directed by Brass, it was produced in 1962 but only premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September 1964. It was then released theatrically in December.
Narration/Voice
Enrico Maria Salerno
Sandra Milo
Tino Buazzelli
References
External links
1964 films
Italian drama films
Italian documentary films
Films directed by Tinto Brass
Collage film
1960s Italian films
|
41035258
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Earth%20Tour
|
To the End of the Earth Tour
|
To the End of the Earth Tour is the second concert tour by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, but her first solo headlining national tour. There are 27 shows in metropolitan and regional Australia, running from November 2013 to January 2014. Launched to support the release of her third studio album, Beautiful (2013), the tour began on 7 November 2013 in Adelaide, South Australia. A diverse set of songs from the studio albums Been Waiting, Get 'Em Girls and Beautiful, along with covers and songs from The Sapphires are part of the tour.
Background and synopsis
In July 2013, Mauboy announced the To the End of the Earth Tour, a national tour presented by Nescafé to celebrate its global 75th anniversary. Tickets for the tour went on sale on 5 August. Mauboy is also headlining a series of Nescafé intimate acoustic sessions in five cities. The tour has been choreographed by Marko Panzic. Mauboy said that her shows will take the audience on a "journey from (her) early career right up to now" and noted that "it's time to look back and then look forward." Mauboy says that the tour creates "one big party atmosphere" and that there will be "fun costumes, an amazing band, it's a big show." Mauboy is playing two shows at the Darwin Entertainment Centre, in her hometown Darwin, and said that it would be "amazing" to have all her friends, family and familiar faces in the audience.
The setlist also includes an encore of "Inescapable" and "Pop a Bottle (Fill Me Up)". The five acts consisted of songs from:
Been Waiting
Get 'Em Girls
The Sapphires
Beautiful
Critical reception
Mauboy has garnered positive reviews and high praise for her To the End of the Earth Tour shows. The first show in Adelaide received exceptional reviews from critics. Matt Gilbertson from Adelaide Now stated, "Jessica Mauboy proves that she has more than what it takes to compete on the international pop scene delivering a truly world class performance", before noting that Mauboy's energy, extraordinary vocals and endearing personality spoke for itself. Gilbertson described Mauboy as "one of Australia's finest female pop treasures" and stated that the whole crowd was on their feet by the end of the night.
Glamadelaide commented that one of the highlights of the show was when the "whole band changed outfits for The Sapphires medley", where Mauboy's voice "absolutely soared". Glamadelaide also praised Mauboy's fashion choices and swift costume changes, noting that she looked fierce in silver leather shorts and a jacket with the letters 'JM 89' on the back. Writers from music blogging site auspOp reviewed Mauboy's Melbourne show and stated that she had "great stage presence". auspOp also noted that Mauboy's renditions of "I Have Nothing" along with "Time After Time" were "brilliant" and the "whole auditorium came to a hush" in the special "moment", before highlighting that Mauboy has done an exceptional job growing up in the public eye.
Of her Sydney show, Yahoo 7 commented that Mauboy is the "hardest working girl in showbiz" and revved up the audience with "confidence and gusto", while also mentioning that her "powerful vocal range was in stunning display" when she sang "I Have Nothing". Yahoo 7 also stated: 'There were at least five fabulous costume changes, from silver space-suit-like numbers to glittery, sparkly dresses, all made in such speed at least one audience member nearby remarked at how bewildered they were that Mauboy managed it.' Clayton Bennett from NT News stated that Mauboy's "double date" in Darwin "didn't disappoint", and that "everyone was keen to see Jess on stage" for her two sell-out shows. Bennett described Mauboy as a "bubbly beauty" and also noted the diversity of the "packed" Darwin audience, consisting of family, friends and fans.
Dannielle Elms from Renowned for Sound commented that Mauboy "wowed" the crowd at her Brisbane concert, before stating: "Her voice was faultless, her style was refined and choreographed and her banter and communication with the audience was sweet, funny and classy."
Opening acts
Nathaniel Willemse (All other tour dates except Melbourne)
The Collective (Melbourne)
Set list
This set list consists of 24 songs and is representative of the 1st show in Adelaide. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.
"Up/Down"
"Burn"
"Been Waiting"
"Let Me Be Me"
"I Have Nothing" (cover)
"Time After Time" (cover)
"What Happened to Us"
"Because"
"Running Back"
"Scariest Part"
"Foreign"
"Reconnected"
"Get 'Em Girls"
"Handle It"
"Who's Loving You" (cover)
"I Heard It Through The Grapevine" (cover)
"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" (cover)
"Land of a Thousand Dances" (cover)
"Gotcha"
"Beautiful"
"To the End of the Earth"
"Saturday Night"
Encore
"Inescapable"
"Pop a Bottle (Fill Me Up)"
Notes
"I Have Nothing" was the song that Mauboy auditioned with for Australian Idol.
For the performance of "What Happened to Us", Nathaniel Willemse sings the parts of Jay Sean. However, the song was not part of the Melbourne show setlist due to Willemse's absence as a result of unforeseen circumstances.
Tour dates
Personnel
Credits and personnel are taken from the Official To the End of the Earth Tour Program.
Behind the scenes
Creative direction:
Jessica Mauboy and Darryl Beaton – Show/musical direction
Jessica Mauboy and Kevin Mendoza – Creative/technical direction
Marko Panzic – Choreography
Mikey Ayoubi – Styling for Mauboy
Johnny Schembri – Costume design for Mauboy
John-Pierre Georges and Angela White – Styling and costumes for band
Bravo Child and Alphamama – Styling assistants
Production:
Ade Barnard – Production manager
Connie Samaniego - Assistant to Mauboy, WHS & Security
Chris Braun – Front-of-House engineer
Ivan Ordenes – Monitor engineer
Michael "Simmo" Simpson – Stage and lighting
Mark Bollenberg – PA Tech
Pat Meyer – Guitar tech
Christian Walsh – Drum tech
Management:
David Champion – Management
Robyn Jelleff – Tour manager
Nine Live – Promoter
Nescafé – Sponsor
Band
Jessica Mauboy – Lead vocals
Beatiq musicians:
Darryl Beaton – Musical director, keyboards and guitar
Kevin Mendoza – Drums and percussion
Kyle Mercado – Bass
Paul Mason – Guitar
Tabitha Ojeah – Backing vocals
Anita Meiruntu – Backing vocals
References
2013 concert tours
Jessica Mauboy concert tours
|
41035304
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20of%20Burgundy
|
Robert of Burgundy
|
Robert of Burgundy may refer to:
Robert II of France, duke of Burgundy (1004–16)
Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (r. 1032–76)
Robert of Burgundy (died 1113), regent of Sicily
Robert of Burgundy (bishop of Langres) (1087–1111)
Robert of Autun, bishop (1122–40)
Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (r. 1272–1306)
Robert of Burgundy (died 1317)
Robert, Count of Tonnerre (1302–1334)
See also
Dukes of Burgundy family tree
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41035342
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safwan%20ibn%20Muattal
|
Safwan ibn Muattal
|
Ṣafwān ibn al-Muʿaṭṭal al-Sulamī (; d. 638 or 679) was a sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Arab commander in the Muslim conquests. He was one of the first members of the Banu Sulaym to embrace Islam. He was accused, allegedly by the poet Abd-Allah ibn Ubayy, of having an affair with Muhammad's wife Aisha after the two became separated from a Medina-bound caravan. Later, Safwan became a commander and moved from Medina to Basra during the Muslim conquest of that region. Afterward, he took part in the military campaigns against the Byzantines in al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and Armenia, where he is said to have been slain. However, other reports mention that he died decades later as governor of Armenia.
Life
Early life
Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal belonged to the Dhakwan clan of the large Banu Sulaym tribe. His year of birth is not recorded in the sources. Most of the Sulaym inhabited the al-Harrah region and many members of the Dhakwan lived in the city of Mecca where they maintained close ties with the Quraysh; Safwan was an exception among the Dhakwan and lived in Medina. He converted to Islam just prior to Muhammad's expedition to the al-Muraysi well in 627.
Safwan became the subject of a controversy following the expedition when he and Muhammad's wife Aisha became separated from the caravan returning to Medina. Rumors circulated that they had an illicit affair, but the allegations turned out to be false. Safwan blamed the well-known Arab poet Hassan ibn Thabit for spreading the rumor and is said to have struck him in the head with a sword out of anger. Hassan complained to Muhammad, who compensated him either by offering Hassan an Egyptian bride or a piece of land; in return, Sa'd ibn Ubadah, a prominent Muslim from Medina, made Hassan relinquish his demand for retribution against Safwan, who was essentially unpunished for his action. Historian Gautier H. A. Juynboll asserts that the veracity of the stories surrounding the alleged incident between Safwan, Aisha and Hassan ibn Thabit are "hard to establish; they may be no more than background embellishments of Safwan's role in the affair, assuming then that the tale is historically tenable".
Commander in Jazira and Armenia
After the Muslim conquest of Iraq, Safwan settled in the Arab military colony at Basra, in a neighborhood near the old market center of Mirbad. He became a commander in the Muslim conquests of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia). According to Muslim historian al-Waqidi, in 639, Safwan commanded the left wing of Iyad ibn Ghanm's 5,000-strong army during the launch of a campaign to conquer al-Jazira; al-Waqidi further states that Khalid ibn al-Walid was part of Safwan's left wing, though other reports contradict this claim. When Iyad reached Harran, he dispatched Safwan and Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri to subdue Samosata; after Safwan and Maslama captured several villages and forts in Samosata's vicinity, the townspeople negotiated terms of surrender with the Muslims guaranteeing their personal safety and no harm to their properties in exchange for a head tax and recognition of Muslim rule.
When Uthman became caliph in 644 he made Mu'awiyah governor of all Syria, Jazira and the frontier areas of these provinces. Uthman directed Mu'awiyah to continue the conquest of Shimshat in Armenia, a task which he delegated to Safwan and Habib ibn Maslama. The latter two camped around the city for a few days and forced its surrender under terms similar to the capitulation of Samosata; other reports mention that Mu'awiyah himself led this campaign with Safwan and Habib acting as lieutenants. In either case, Mu'awiyah appointed Safwan governor of Shimshat.
Later, Habib made a failed attempt to capture the Armenian fortress of Kamacha (Hisn Kamkh) from its Byzantine defenders; Safwan likewise failed in a subsequent assault against the fortress. However, in 678/79, Safwan's forces finally subdued Kamacha; a fellow member of the Sulaymi Dhakwan clan, Umayr ibn al-Hubab, played an integral role in Kamacha's capitulation. Reports vary widely regarding Safwan's year of death, with one mentioning that he died fighting in Armenia in 638, and other sources, including al-Waqidi, claiming that he died as governor of Armenia in 678/79.
See also
References
Bibliography
679 deaths
7th century in Armenia
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Banu Sulaym
Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate
Companions of the Prophet
People from Medina
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41035343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20songs%20of%202013%20%28Mexico%29
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List of number-one songs of 2013 (Mexico)
|
This is a list of the Monitor Latino number-one songs of 2013. Chart rankings are based on airplay across radio stations in Mexico using the Radio Tracking Data, LLC in real time. Charts are ranked from Monday to Sunday.
Chart history
Besides the General chart, Monitor Latino published "Pop", "Regional" and "Anglo" charts. Monitor Latino provides two lists for each of these charts: the "Audience" list ranks the songs according to the estimated number of people that listened to them on the radio during the week.
The "Tocadas" (Spins) list ranks the songs according to the number of times they were played on the radio during the week.
General
Pop
Regional
English
See also
List of Top 100 songs for 2013 in Mexico
List of number-one albums of 2013 (Mexico)
References
2013
Number-one songs
Mexico
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41035385
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315%20Cymru%20Alliance
|
2014–15 Cymru Alliance
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The 2014–15 Cymru Alliance (known as the Huws Gray Alliance for sponsorship reasons) is a football league in Wales. It is the top division of football in North & Central Wales and the second tier of the Welsh football league system.
The reigning champions are Cefn Druids. They were promoted to the Welsh Premier League.
Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted from 2013–14 feeder leagues
Denbigh Town – Welsh Alliance League champions
Llandrindod Wells – Mid Wales League champions
Mold Alexandra – Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) champions
Teams relegated from 2013–14 Welsh Premier League
None
Stadia and locations
League table
References
Cymru Alliance seasons
2014–15 in Welsh football leagues
Wales
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41035398
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20NC%20State%20Wolfpack%20baseball%20team
|
2013 NC State Wolfpack baseball team
|
The 2013 NC State Wolfpack baseball team represented North Carolina State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wolfpack was coached by Elliott Avent, in his seventeenth season, and played their home games at Doak Field.
The Wolfpack finished with 50 wins, the most in school history, against 16 losses overall, and 19–10 in the Atlantic Coast Conference, good for second place in the Atlantic Division. They reached the College World Series for just the second time in their history, where they finished 1–2, eliminated by rival North Carolina 7–0.
Roster
Coaches
Schedule
Ranking Movements
Notes
References
NC State Wolfpack baseball seasons
NC State
College World Series seasons
2013 NCAA Division I baseball tournament participants
NC State Wolf
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41035432
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314%20South%20Alabama%20Jaguars%20men%27s%20basketball%20team
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2013–14 South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball team
|
The 2013–14 South Alabama Jaguars basketball team represented the University of South Alabama during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaguars, led by first year head coach Matthew Graves, played their home games at the Mitchell Center and were members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 5–13 in Sun Belt play to finish in ninth place. They failed to qualify for the Sun Belt Conference tournament.
Roster
Schedule
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#000066; color:#ff0000;"| Exhibition
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#000066; color:#ff0000;"| Regular season
References
South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball seasons
South Alabama
South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball
South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball
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41035441
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1985 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1985 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on November 30, 1985, at the Felt Forum in Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. It was the sixth Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
Scorecard
Notable Events
The event, staged for the first time in New York, was witnessed by a crowd of 5,114, largest ever in the six-year history of the competition.
For the first time, the women were tested for steroids and everybody passed.
See also
1985 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
Everson Retains Ms. Olympia Title
History of the Ms. Olympia
1985 Ms Olympia Results
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1985 MS. OLYMPIA (DOWNLOAD)
1985 MS. OLYMPIA (DVD)
Ms Olympia, 1985
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
es:Ms. Olympia
it:Ms. Olympia
he:גברת אולימפיה
nl:Ms. Olympia
pl:Ms. Olympia
pt:Ms. Olympia
sv:Ms. Olympia
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41035464
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy%20OG%2069
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Convoy OG 69
|
Convoy OG 69 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 69th of the numbered OG convoys Outbound from the British Isles to Gibraltar. The convoy departed Liverpool on 20 July 1941 and was found on 25 July by Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condors of Kampfgeschwader 40. Nine ships were sunk by submarine attacks continuing through 30 July.
Submarines
The convoy was initially located by German Naval signals intelligence (B-Dienst), then visual confirmation was provided by a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft. A total of 10 boats were directed to intercept the convoy – eight U-boats from Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine and two submarines from Fascist Italy's Regia Marina.
Ships in the convoy
Allied merchant ships
A total of 28 merchant vessels joined the convoy in Liverpool, with some being sunk after detaching from the convoy to head to other destinations.
Convoy escorts
A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.
See also
List of shipwrecks in July 1941
References
Bibliography
External links
OG.69 at convoyweb
Convoy OG 69 at uboat.net
OG069
C
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41035482
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Bird%20%28train%29
|
Blue Bird (train)
|
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width =
| name = Blue BirdCity of Decatur
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Wabash Blue Bird.JPG
| image_width = 300px
| caption = The Blue Birds "Vista-Dome" dome parlor-observation car in the 1950s.
| type = Inter-city rail
| status = Discontinued
| locale = Midwest United States
| predecessor =
| first = 1938
| last = April 30, 1971
| successor =
| operator =
| formeroperator = Wabash RailroadNorfolk and Western Railway
| ridership =
| ridership2 =
| website =
| start = Chicago
| stops =
| end = St. Louis
| distance =
| journeytime =
| frequency = Daily
| trainnumber = Southwestbound: 21; Northeast bound: 24
| line_used =
| class =
| access =
| seating = Reclining seat coaches
| sleeping =
| autorack =
| catering = Dining car
| observation = dome parlor-lounge
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock =
| gauge =
| el =
| speed =
| owners =
| routenumber =
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The Blue Bird was a streamlined passenger train operated by the Wabash Railroad and its successor the Norfolk and Western Railway between Chicago, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri. It operated from 1938 to 1971. Beginning in 1950 it was one of the few Wabash passenger trains to carry a dome car and the first dome train in regular operation between the two cities. The train was cut back to Decatur, Illinois, in 1968 and renamed City of Decatur'''. Amtrak did not retain the City of Decatur, and it made its last run on April 30, 1971.
History
The Wabash introduced a heavyweight Blue Bird on the Chicago–St. Louis run in 1938. The train was painted blue-gold, previously reserved for the Wabash's Banner Blue.
The Wabash relaunched the Blue Bird as a streamlined train on February 26, 1950, with all-new Budd Company "Vista-Dome" dome cars and E-unit diesel locomotives from Electro-Motive Division. The new train carried Wabash's standard blue-gray-white livery. The Wabash referred to the Blue Bird as a "Domeliner" in contemporary advertising. Amenities on the new train included radio and "recorded musical programs"; coach passengers had access to the "Coffee Shop Club". The new equipment cost the Wabash ; it was the first dome train to operate between Chicago and St. Louis.
The Norfolk and Western Railway leased the Wabash in 1964 but continued to operate the Blue Bird. This changed in 1968 when the N&W truncated the Blue Bird to Decatur, Illinois, still departing from Chicago. This new service was named City of Decatur and operated until the formation of Amtrak in 1971.
Route
The Blue Bird used the Wabash's line between Chicago and St. Louis. In March 1950 northbound #24 departed St. Louis' Union Station at 8:55 AM and arrived at Chicago's Dearborn Station at 2:05 PM. The equipment set returned as southbound #21 the same day, departing Chicago at 4:45 PM and arriving in St. Louis at 10:10 PM. Intermediate stops included Englewood in Chicago, Forrest, Decatur, Taylorville, Litchfield and Granite City in Illinois, and the Wabash's Delmar Boulevard station in St. Louis itself. At the time two other Wabash trains operated on the route: the Banner Blue, which operated a reverse schedule, and the overnight Midnight''.
Equipment
The 1950 lightweight consist included six cars: a baggage-lunch counter-lounge, three "Vista-Dome" dome coaches, a dining car, and a "Vista-Dome" dome parlor-observation car. The Budd Company manufactured all six cars, although the interior of the parlor-observation car was designed according to Pullman Plan #9525. Strong demand led the Wabash to add another dome parlor-lounge in 1952. Pullman-Standard delivered the car, which included the "Blue Bird Room", an eleven-seat private dining room.
References
External links
1950 timetable
Named passenger trains of the United States
Passenger trains of the Norfolk and Western Railway
Passenger trains of the Wabash Railroad
Passenger rail transportation in Illinois
Passenger rail transportation in Missouri
Railway services introduced in 1938
Railway services discontinued in 1971
North American streamliner trains
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