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41081134	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20improvement%20center	Home improvement center	A home improvement center, home improvement store, or home center is a retail store that combines the functions of a hardware store with those of a lumber yard. Home improvement stores typically sell building supplies, tools, and lumber. By market Australia Prominent outdoor retailers in the Australia include Bunnings, Home Hardware, Mitre 10, Thrifty-Link Hardware, Total Tools and True Value Hardware. United States Prominent outdoor retailers in the United States include Home Depot, Lowe's, Menards, and Rona. References External links Home improvement Hardware stores Retailers by type of merchandise sold
41081135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201912	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1912	This is a list of the fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1912. There were no foreign members elected this year. John Oliver Arnold Charles Glover Barkla Leonard Cockayne Arthur Lee Dixon Sir Thomas Little Heath Humphrey Owen Jones Sir Thomas Ranken Lyle William McDougall Rudolf Messel Benjamin Moore Edward Nettleship Robert Newstead Sir Henry John Oram George Thurland Prior Reginald Crundall Punnett 1912 1912 in the United Kingdom 1912 in science
41081144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnt%20Ash%20Pond	Burnt Ash Pond	Burnt Ash Pond is a local nature reserve in Lee in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is a pond surrounded by railings in Melrose Close. It is not normally open to the public, but can be viewed from the road. It is thought to have been originally an old farm pond, and by 1908 it was in the garden of a large house, which has since been demolished. When Lewisham Council built the houses in Melrose Close in 1983-84 the local branch of the London Wildlife Trust campaigned to preserve the pond, and it is now managed by the council as an educational nature reserve. The pond is well vegetated both in the pond and on its margins. Plants include yellow iris, great willowherb and hoary willowherb. References Local nature reserves in Greater London Nature reserves in the London Borough of Lewisham Grove Park, Lewisham
41081146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endochytrium	Endochytrium	Endochytrium is a genus of fungi in the family Endochytriaceae. The genus is widespread in temperate regions, and contains seven species. References External links Chytridiomycota genera
41081152	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201913	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1913	This is a complete list of the fellows and foreign members of the Royal Society elected in 1913. Fellows Vernon Herbert Blackman William Bulloch David Leonard Chapman William Ernest Dalby Thomas Renton Elliott John Charles Fields Sir John Smith Flett James Peter Hill Arthur Robert Hinks Sir Frederick William Keeble Sir Arthur Keith Keith Lucas Sir Owen Willans Richardson Walter Rosenhain George Walker Walker Froegin members Charles Eugene Barrois Henry Louis Le Chatelier Pierre Paul Emile Roux Simon Schwendener Woldemar Voigt 1913 1913 in the United Kingdom 1913 in science
41081162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downton%20Abbey%20%28series%202%29	Downton Abbey (series 2)	The second series of the British historical drama television series Downton Abbey broadcast from 18 September 2011 to 6 November 2011, comprising a total of eight episodes and one Christmas Special episode broadcast on 25 December 2011. The series was broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and on PBS in the United States, which supported the production as part of its Masterpiece Classic anthology. Series two explores the lives of the Crawley family and servants during and after the First World War. Series two received widespread acclaim, with critics praising its cast, historical depictions, and story's arc. The viewing figures significantly increased compared with series one, with an average of 11 million viewers per episode. The series was nominated for several industry awards, and won the TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials. Maggie Smith received critical praise for her performance as Lady Violet Crawley, which earned her the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Series overview The second series covers the last two years of the war and the first year of peace. Events mentioned or directly affecting the Crawley household include the Battle of the Somme, the Easter Rising, the Battle of Arras, the Russian Revolution, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Battle of Amiens, the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Armistice, and the Spanish flu epidemic. On the domestic front there is a serious shortage of able-bodied men for home front jobs. Matthew Crawley and William Mason go off to fight, while Thomas Barrow joins the Medical Corps. Tom Branson, as an Irishman, won't fight for Britain. Robert Crawley (Hugh Bonneville) returns to uniform, but is refused active service due to his age. Sybil Crawley (Jessica Brown Findlay) defies her aristocratic position and joins the Voluntary Aid Detachment as a nurse. In the biggest development, Downton Abbey becomes a convalescent home for wounded officers. Cast and characters Main cast Upstairs Hugh Bonneville as Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham Jessica Brown Findlay as Lady Sybil Crawley Laura Carmichael as Lady Edith Crawley Michelle Dockery as Lady Mary Crawley Elizabeth McGovern as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham Maggie Smith as Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham Dan Stevens as Mr Matthew Crawley Penelope Wilton as Mrs Isobel Crawley Downstairs Jim Carter as Mr Charles Carson; the Butler Phyllis Logan as Mrs Elsie Hughes; the Housekeeper Brendan Coyle as Mr John Bates; Lord Grantham's valet Siobhan Finneran as Sarah O'Brien; Lady Grantham's maid Joanne Froggatt as Miss Anna Smith; head housemaid Thomas Howes as Mr William Mason; Second Footman Robert James-Collier as Mr Thomas Barrow; First Footman Lesley Nicol as Mrs Beryl Patmore; the Cook Sophie McShera as Miss Daisy Robinson; a kitchen maid Amy Nuttall as Miss Ethel Parks; a housemaid Allen Leech as Mr Tom Branson; Grantham's chauffeur Recurring and guest cast Samantha Bond as Lady Rosamund Painswick; Lord Grantham's sister (Recurring) Robert Bathurst as Sir Anthony Strallan; Crawley family friend (Guest) Kevin Doyle as Joseph Molesley; Matthew Crawley's valet (Recurring) Brendan Patricks as The Hon Evelyn Napier; Suitor for Lady Mary (Recurring) Cal MacAninch as Henry Lang (Recurring) Iain Glen as Sir Richard Carlisle of Morningside (Recurring) Maria Doyle Kennedy as Vera Bates (Recurring) Jonathan Coy as George Murray; Lord Grantham's lawyer (Guest) Paul Copley as Mr Mason (Recurring) Michael Cochrane as Reverend Albert Travis (Recurring) Clare Calbraith as Jane Moorsum (Recurring) Kevin R. McNally as Horace Bryant (Recurring) Lachlan Nieboer as Lt Edward Courtenay (Guest) Julian Wadham as Sir Herbert Strutt (Guest) Trevor White as Maj Patrick Gordon (Guest) Nigel Havers as Lord Hepworth (Guest, Christmas special) Sharon Small as Marigold Shore (Guest, Christmas special) Zoe Boyle as Lavinia Swire (Recurring) Christine Lohr as May Bird (Guest) Christine Mackie as Daphne Bryant (Recurring) Daniel Pirrie as Major Charles Bryant Stephen Ventura as Davis (Recurring) Episodes A 46-minute documentary compiled in anticipation of the Christmas 2011 two-hour special broadcast, Behind the Drama features behind-the-scenes footage from the filming of the series and short interviews with Julian Fellowes, the writer, actors (Elizabeth McGovern, Joanne Froggatt, Brendan Coyle, Dan Stevens, Michelle Dockery, Jessica Brown Findlay, Laura Carmichael, Penelope Wilton, Phyllis Logan, Thomas Howes, Lesley Nicol, Sophie McShera, Allen Leech), and other members of the team that produces Downton Abbey. It was shown in the United Kingdom at 7:30 pm on Wednesday 21 December 2011 and narrated by Hugh Bonneville. 4.5 million people watched the show. Production Filming began in March 2011. The scripts were written by series creator Julian Fellowes. Episodes were directed by Ashley Pearce, Andy Goddard, Brian Kelly and James Strong. Cal Macaninch, Iain Glen, Amy Nuttall, Zoe Boyle and Maria Doyle Kennedy joined the cast respectively as the new valet Lang, Sir Richard Carlisle, the new housemaid Ethel, Lavinia Swire and John Bates' wife Vera. Nigel Havers and Sharon Small appeared in the Christmas Special as Lord Hepworth and Marigold Shore, Rosamund Painswick's maid, respectively. Reception Series two was highly acclaimed. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has fresh rating of 100% based on 24 reviews, with a weighted average of 8.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With its excellent cast and resplendent period trappings, Downton Abbey continues to weave a bewitching, ingratiating spell." On Metacritic, the series 2 has a normalized score of 85 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "Universal Acclaim". The series generally received overwhelming reviews from critics. Linda Stasi of the New York Post wrote the second series "seamlessly moves between the horrors of war and the gentility of life in the show's titular 100-room manor." Writing for TV Guide Magazine, Matt Roush said, "For those of us who hungered for a year to witness these new chapters, the appetite is insatiable." The Wall Street Journals television critic Dorothy Rabinowitz said, "The vibrant brew of upstairs-downstairs relationships is more savory now, the characters more complicated." Robert Bianco of USA Today also lauded the series saying, "There's nothing in Downton you won't recognize, and almost nothing you won't enjoy." Varietys chief television critic Brian Lowry praised the series cast and said the creator had "created such a vivid group of characters and assembled such an impeccable cast--effortlessly oscillating from comedy to drama--that the hours fly by, addictively pulling viewers from one into the next." Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter said, "The characters are so beautifully and thoroughly rendered that we, as viewers, are caught up in their lives." Robert Lioyd of the Los Angeles Times said, "It is big, beautiful, beautifully acted and romantic, its passions expressed with that particular British reserve that serves only to make them burn brighter." Some media outlets and critics were more critical towards the show. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette TV critic Rob Owen wrote, "Writer/series creator Julian Fellowes weaves together an engrossing tapestry of stories, although some of them stretch credulity or peter out." Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times also gave the series moderate reviews by comparison to the first series and said, "Season 2 is in many ways as captivating and addictive as the first, but this time around, the series comes off as a shameless throwback to itself." In a moderate review, Maureen Ryan of The Huffington Post said, "Your investment in the many stories spun out by creator Julian Fellowes may take longer to develop this year, because the costume drama's pace is off in the early going and it's far more contrived and inconsistent than it was in its first season." In a less enthusiastic review for The Washington Post, Hank Stuever quipped that the series, "lacks surprise and is stretched precariously thin, a house full of fascinating people with not nearly enough to do, all caught in a loop of weak storylines that circle round but never fully propel." Awards and nominations <div class="noprint"> Notes and references Notes References External links 2011 British television seasons
41081163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downton%20Abbey%20%28series%203%29	Downton Abbey (series 3)	The third series of the British historical drama television series Downton Abbey broadcast from 16 September 2012 to 4 November 2012, comprising a total of eight episodes and one Christmas Special episode broadcast on 25 December 2012. The series was broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and on PBS in the United States, which supported the production as part of its Masterpiece Classic anthology. Series overview Preparations are underway for Mary and Matthew's wedding. Tom and Sybil Branson arrive from Ireland, where they now live, to attend the wedding. Robert (Lord Grantham) learns that the bulk of the family's fortune has been lost due to his impetuous investment in the Grand Trunk Railway. Edith falls for Sir Anthony Strallan, whom Robert discourages from marrying Edith due to his age and crippled arm. At Edith's insistence, Robert gives in and welcomes Sir Anthony, but even though he loves her, Strallan cannot accept that the Grantham family disapprove of the match and at the altar announces that he cannot go through with the wedding, devastating Edith. Meanwhile, Bates's cellmate plants a small surgical knife in his bedding, but Bates is informed by a fellow prisoner allowing him time to find and hide it. At Downton, Mrs Hughes finds out she may have breast cancer, which only some of the household hear about, causing concern, but the tumour turns out to be benign. Tom Branson and Lady Sybil, now pregnant, return to Downton after Tom is implicated in the burning of an Anglo-Irish aristocrat's house. After Matthew's reluctance to accept an inheritance from Lavinia's recently deceased father and then Robert's reluctance to accept that inheritance as a gift, Matthew and Robert reach a compromise in which Matthew accepts that the inheritance will be used as an investment in the estate, giving Matthew an equal say in how it is run. Tragedy strikes when Sybil dies from eclampsia shortly after giving birth. Tom, devastated, names his daughter Sybil after his late wife. Bates is released from prison after Anna uncovers evidence clearing him of his wife's murder. Tom becomes the new land agent for the Downton estate at the suggestion of Violet, the Dowager Countess. Barrow and O'Brien have a falling out, after which O'Brien leads Barrow to believe that Jimmy, the new footman, is sexually attracted to him. The family visits Violet's niece Susan, her husband "Shrimpie", the Marquess of Flintshire, and their daughter Rose, in Scotland, accompanied by Matthew and a very pregnant Mary. At Downton, Edna Braithwaite, the new maid, enters Tom's room and kisses him; he asks her to leave and she is eventually dismissed. Mary returns to Downton with Anna and gives birth to the new heir, but Matthew dies in a car crash while driving home from the hospital after seeing his newborn son. Cast and characters Main cast Upstairs Hugh Bonneville as Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham Jessica Brown Findlay as Lady Sybil Branson Laura Carmichael as Lady Edith Crawley Michelle Dockery as Lady Mary Crawley Allen Leech as Mr Tom Branson Elizabeth McGovern as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham Maggie Smith as Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham Dan Stevens as Mr Matthew Crawley Penelope Wilton as Mrs Isobel Crawley Downstairs Jim Carter as Mr Charles Carson; the Butler Phyllis Logan as Mrs Elsie Hughes; the Housekeeper Brendan Coyle as Mr John Bates; Lord Grantham's valet Siobhan Finneran as Sarah O'Brien; Lady Grantham's maid Joanne Froggatt as Mrs Anna Bates; Lady Mary’s maid Lesley Nicol as Mrs Beryl Patmore; the cook Sophie McShera as Mrs Daisy Mason; a kitchen maid; later the Assistant Cook Kevin Doyle as Mr Joseph Molesley; Mr Matthew Crawley's valet Robert James-Collier as Mr Thomas Barrow; the Under-Butler Matt Milne as Mr Alfred Nugent; First Footman Ed Speleers as Mr James "Jimmy" Kent; Second Footman Amy Nuttall as Miss Ethel Parks; a housemaid Episodes Notes References External links Downton Abbey series
41081164	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downton%20Abbey%20%28series%204%29	Downton Abbey (series 4)	The fourth series of the British historical drama television series Downton Abbey broadcast from 22 September 2013 to 10 November 2013, comprising a total of eight episodes and one Christmas Special episode broadcast on 25 December 2013. The series was broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and on PBS in the United States, which supported the production as part of its Masterpiece Classic anthology. Series overview Cora hires Edna Braithwaite to replace O'Brien, who has resigned. Things though do not work out and Braithwaite is replaced by Phyllis Baxter. Lady Mary mourns Matthew's death. Matthew's newly-found letter states Mary is to be his sole heir and thus gives her management over his share of the estate until their son, George, comes of age. Mary assumes a more active role in running Downton. Two new suitors—Lord Gillingham and Charles Blake—arrive at Downton, though Mary, still grieving, appears not to be interested. Lady Edith, who has begun writing a weekly newspaper column and Michael Gregson, a magazine editor, fall in love. Due to English law, he is unable to divorce his wife, who is mentally ill and in an asylum. Gregson travels to Germany to seek citizenship there, enabling him to divorce, but is killed by Hitler's Brownshirts during riots. Edith is pregnant and secretly gives birth to a daughter whilst in Switzerland. She places the baby with a couple there, but later reclaims her daughter after arranging for a family on the Downton estate (Mr and Mrs Drewe of Yew Tree Farm), to foster her. Anna is raped by Lord Gillingham's valet, Mr Green, which Mr Bates later discovers. Subsequently, Mr Green is killed in a London street accident. A local school teacher, Sarah Bunting, and Tom begin a friendship. Sampson, a card sharp and previous guest at Downton, steals a letter written by the Prince of Wales to his mistress, Rose's friend Freda Dudley Ward, which, if made public, would create a scandal; the Crawley family connives to retrieve it. Cast and characters Main cast Upstairs Hugh Bonneville as Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham Laura Carmichael as Lady Edith Crawley Michelle Dockery as Lady Mary Crawley Lily James as Lady Rose MacClare Allen Leech as Mr Tom Branson Elizabeth McGovern as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham David Robb as Dr Richard Clarkson Maggie Smith as Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham Penelope Wilton as Mrs Isobel Crawley Downstairs Jim Carter as Mr Charles Carson; the Butler Phyllis Logan as Mrs Elsie Hughes; the Housekeeper Brendan Coyle as Mr John Bates; Lord Grantham's valet Joanne Froggatt as Mrs Anna Bates; Lady Mary’s maid Robert James-Collier as Mr Thomas Barrow, the Under-Butler Matt Milne as Mr Alfred Nugent, First Footman Ed Speleers as Mr James "Jimmy" Kent, Second Footman; later First Footman Kevin Doyle as Mr Joseph Molesley, former valet to Matthew Crawley; later Second Footman Lesley Nicol as Mrs Beryl Patmore; the cook Sophie McShera as Mrs Daisy Mason; the Assistant Cook Cara Theobold as Miss Ivy Stuart, a kitchen maid Episodes Notes References External links Downton Abbey series
41081165	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downton%20Abbey%20%28series%205%29	Downton Abbey (series 5)	The fifth series of the British historical drama television series Downton Abbey broadcast from 21 September 2014 to 9 November 2014, comprising a total of eight episodes and one Christmas Special episode broadcast on 25 December 2014. The series was broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and on PBS in the United States, which supported the production as part of its Masterpiece Classic anthology. Series overview In 1924, a Russian exile, Prince Kuragin, wishes to renew his past affections for the Dowager Countess. The Countess instead locates his wife in Hong Kong and reunites the prince and his estranged wife. Scotland Yard and the local police investigate Mr Green's death. Violet learns that Marigold is Edith's daughter. Meanwhile, Mrs Drewe, not knowing Marigold's true parentage, resents Edith's constant visits. To increase his chances with Mary, Charles Blake plots to reunite Gillingham with his ex-fiancée, Mabel. After Edith inherits Michael Gregson's publishing company, she removes Marigold from the Drewes. Simon Bricker, an art expert interested in one of Downton's paintings, shows his true intentions toward Cora and is thrown out by Robert, causing a temporary rift between the couple. Mrs Patmore's decision to invest her inheritance in property inspires Carson to do the same. He suggests that head housekeeper Mrs Hughes invest with him; she confesses she has no money due to supporting a mentally incapacitated sister. The Crawleys' cousin, Lady Rose, daughter of Lord and Lady Flintshire, becomes engaged to Atticus Aldridge, son of Lord and Lady Sinderby. Lord Sinderby strongly objects to Atticus marrying outside the Jewish faith. Lord Merton proposes to Isobel Crawley (Matthew's mother). She accepts, but later ends the engagement due to Lord Merton's sons' disparaging comments over her status as a commoner. Lady Flintshire employs underhanded schemes to derail Rose and Atticus's engagement, including announcing to everyone at the wedding that she and her husband are divorcing, intending to cause a scandal to stop Rose's marriage to Atticus; they are married anyway. When Anna is arrested on suspicion of Mr Green's murder, Bates writes a false confession before fleeing to Ireland. Baxter and footman Molesley are able to prove that Bates was in York at the time of the murder. This new information allows Anna to be released. Cora eventually learns the truth about Marigold and wants her raised at Downton; Marigold is presented as Edith's ward, but Robert and Tom eventually discern the truth: only Mary is still unaware. When a war memorial is unveiled in the village, Robert arranges for a separate plaque to honour the cook Mrs Patmore's late nephew, who was shot for cowardice and excluded from his own village's memorial. The Crawleys are invited to Brancaster Castle, which Lord and Lady Sinderby have rented for a shooting party. While there, Lady Rose, with help from the Crawleys, defuses a personal near-disaster for Lord Sinderby, earning his gratitude and securing his approval of Rose. A second footman, Andy, is hired on Barrow's recommendation. During the Downton Abbey Christmas celebration, Tom Branson announces he is moving to the U.S. to work for his cousin, taking daughter Sybil with him. Carson proposes marriage to Mrs Hughes and she accepts. Cast and characters Main cast Upstairs Hugh Bonneville as Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham Laura Carmichael as Lady Edith Crawley Tom Cullen as Anthony "Tony" Foyle, Viscount Gillingham Michelle Dockery as Lady Mary Crawley Lily James as Lady Rose MacClare; later Lady Rose Aldridge Allen Leech as Mr Tom Branson Elizabeth McGovern as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham Julian Ovenden as The Honourable Charles Blake David Robb as Dr Richard Clarkson Maggie Smith as Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham Penelope Wilton as Mrs Isobel Crawley Downstairs Jim Carter as Mr Charles Carson; the Butler Phyllis Logan as Mrs Elsie Hughes; the Housekeeper Brendan Coyle as Mr John Bates; Lord Grantham's valet Joanne Froggatt as Mrs Anna Bates; Lady Mary's maid Robert James-Collier as Mr Thomas Barrow, the Under-Butler Kevin Doyle as Mr Joseph Molesley, Second Footman; later First Footman Raquel Cassidy as Miss Phyllis Baxter, Lady Grantham's maid Ed Speleers as Mr James "Jimmy" Kent, First Footman Lesley Nicol as Mrs Beryl Patmore; the cook Sophie McShera as Mrs Daisy Mason, the Assistant Cook Episodes References External links Downton Abbey series
41081177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201914	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1914	This is a complete list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1914. There were no foreign members elected this year. Royal Fellow Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert, Prince of Great Britain and Ireland Fellows Edgar Johnson Allen Richard Assheton Geoffrey Thomas Bennett Sir Rowland Harry Biffen Arthur Edwin Boycott Clive Cuthbertson Sir Henry Hallett Dale Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington Edmund Johnston Garwood Sir Thomas Henry Havelock Thomas Martin Lowry Diarmid Noel Paton Siegfried Ruhemann Samuel Walter Johnson Smith Sir Thomas Edward Stanton Statute 12 Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Edward Grey, Viscount Grey of Fallodon 1914 1914 in the United Kingdom 1914 in science
41081187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201915	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1915	This is a complete list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1915. There were no foreign members elected. Fellows Sir Frederick William Andrewes Arthur William Conway Leonard Doncaster John Evershed Sir Walter Morley Fletcher Arthur George Green Sir Henry Hubert Hayden Sir James Mackenzie Arthur Thomas Masterman Sir John Cunningham McLennan Sir Gilbert Thomas Morgan Charles Samuel Myers Sir George Clarke Simpson Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton Sir Arthur George Tansley 1915 1915 in the United Kingdom 1915 in science
41081188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms.%20Marvel	Ms. Marvel	Ms. Marvel is the name of several superheroines appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was originally conceived as a female counterpart to the superhero Mar-Vell / Captain Marvel. Like Captain Marvel, most of the bearers of the Ms. Marvel codename gain their powers through Kree technology or genetics. The first incarnation of Ms. Marvel, Carol Danvers, first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (March 1968). The second incarnation, Sharon Ventura, debuted in The Thing #27 (September 1985). The third incarnation, Karla Sofen, made her first appearance in Captain America #192 (December 1975). The fourth and current incarnation, Kamala Khan, made her debut in Captain Marvel #14 (August 2013). Carol Danvers Carol Danvers is the first character to use the codename of Ms. Marvel. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan, the character first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (March 1968). She was a non-superpowered officer in the United States Air Force. After being caught in an explosion with the Kree superhero Captain Marvel in Captain Marvel #18 (November 1969), Danvers resurfaces in Ms. Marvel #1 (January 1977), with super powers resulting from the explosion, which caused her DNA to merge with Captain Marvel's. As Ms. Marvel, Danvers becomes a mainstay of the superhero team The Avengers, beginning in The Avengers #171 (May 1978). Danvers goes on to use the codenames Binary, and later Warbird. In July 2012, Danvers assumes the mantle Captain Marvel in honor of its deceased, original bearer, Mar-Vell, after Captain America tells her that Mar-Vell would want her to have it. Sharon Ventura Sharon Ventura is the second character to use the codename of Ms. Marvel. Created by artists Mike Carlin and Ron Wilson, the character first appeared in The Thing #27 (September 1985). She was a stunt performer with the Thunderiders, where she met The Thing. In The Thing #35 (May 1986), Ventura volunteered for Power Broker's experiment to receive superpowers in order to join the Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation with The Thing, taking the name Ms. Marvel. Ventura later joins the Fantastic Four herself in Fantastic Four #307 (October 1987) and, after being hit by cosmic rays in Fantastic Four #310 (January 1988), Ventura's body mutates into a similar appearance to that of The Thing and receives the nickname She-Thing. Karla Sofen Dr. Karla Sofen is the third character character to use the codename of Ms. Marvel. Created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Frank Robbins, the character first appeared in Captain America #192 (December 1975). In The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #228 (October 1978), Sofen becomes the psychiatrist of the villain Moonstone, also known as Lloyd Bloch. Sofen tricks Bloch into giving her the meteorite that empowers him, and she adopts both the name and abilities of Moonstone. During the "Dark Reign" storyline, Sofen joins Norman Osborn's group of Avengers, known as the Dark Avengers, as the doppelganger of the previous Ms. Marvel, Carol Danvers, receiving a costume similar to Danvers' original (Danvers wore the Warbird costume at the time). Sofen becomes the title character of the Ms. Marvel series beginning in issue #38 (June 2009) until Danvers takes the title back in issue #47 (January 2010). Kamala Khan Kamala Khan is the fourth character character to use the codename of Ms. Marvel. Created by Sana Amanat, G. Willow Wilson, and Adrian Alphona, the character first appeared in Captain Marvel #14 (August 2013). She is a 16-year-old Pakistani-American from Jersey City, New Jersey, who idolizes Carol Danvers. Khan was given her own Ms. Marvel series, which premiered in February 2014, becoming Marvel Comics' first Muslim character to headline her own comic book. Literary reception Volumes Ms. Marvel (1977) Claire Napier of Newsarama ranked the Ms. Marvel comic book series 2nd in their "10 Best Captain Marvel stories" list, asserting, "Captain Marvel #18 is a diminished issue for Carol in terms of an active role, but a notable one for what was retconned onto it afterwards. In this issue, Carol appears to die, shot accidentally by Mar-Vell's enemy Yon-Rogg, which leads eventually to 1977’s Ms. Marvel #1, whose cover proclaims 'At last! A bold new super-heroine in the senses-stunning tradition of Spider-Man!' Amen, indeed. Carol returns as a heroine and a features writer-turned-magazine editor, maligned by both the general public who believe her to be a publicity stunt and her editor, J Jonah Jameson, who happily badmouths 'women's lib'. Standing firm on her salary demands, making friends with Mary Jane Watson, confessing to amnesia during a brawl with the Scorpion, Carol is immediately more than she ever was." Giant-Size Ms. Marvel (2006) According to Marvel Comics, Giant-Size Ms. Marvel #1 sold out in February 2006. According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Giant-Size Ms. Marvel #1 was the 121st best selling comic book in February 2006. Ms. Marvel (2006) According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Ms. Marvel #1 was 17th best selling comic book in March 2006. Ms. Marvel TPB: Secret Invasion was 46th best selling graphic novel in March 2009. Hilary Goldstein of IGN called Ms. Marvel #1 "good, but not a necessity," stating, "Brian Reed is trying to bring two of Marvel's best female superheroes back to the forefront. His first shot, the Spider-Woman: Origin miniseries, is a decent re-introduction to Jessica Drew. Ms. Marvel is a stronger title, however. Reed gets it. Here is one of the most powerful characters in the Marvel U and she has basically been seen as a B player. The contrast between her abilities and her low self-esteem is a great lead-in to a new series. Extra kudos to Reed for acknowledging Danvers ties to both the Avengers and the X-Men. While the focus is on her Avengers past, Reed brings back a classic X-Men villain to end the first issue. A solid start that has the potential to grow into something great." Ms. Marvel (2015) According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Ms. Marvel #1 was 18th best selling comic book in November 2015. Chase Magnett of ComicBook.com gave Ms. Marvel #1 a grade of A−, saying, "Ms. Marvel is back and every bit as charming, fun, and caring as ever. Even with a new number one and a transition in art, this is clearly the comic that so many readers, both new and old, fell head over heels in love with. The creative team takes advantage of this over-sized issue to hit on all of the highlights of Ms. Marvel as well. Teen friendships and romance, the joy of fandom, over-the-top villains: it's all there in one returning series that couldn't have gotten here soon enough." Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave Ms. Marvel #1 a grade of 8.6 out of 10, asserting, "While much about Kamala Khan's life has changed in the months since Secret Wars, the quality of her comic hasn't. This series deftly picks up where the previous volume left off, building new challenges for its star heroine while doing even more to flesh out her world and the people who inhabit it." Generations: Ms. Marvel & Ms. Marvel (2017) According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Generations: Ms. Marvel & Ms. Marvel #1 was the 43rd best selling comic book in September 2017. IGN gave Generations: Ms. Marvel & Ms. Marvel #1 a grade of 8.9 out of 10, writing, "As a Carol fan who is more than slightly miffed at her treatment of late, can I just say how great it is to see her back in action, being the hero we all know her to be? All in all, this was a freaking fun comic in a universe that has seemed of late to be nothing but dour. I can't wait to see how -- or, perhaps it's better to say if -- this comic affects Kamala and Carol's relationship in the future. Even if it doesn't, it was a nice dream. This is the type of comic that reminds you why you love them." In other media Television Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears in the X-Men: The Animated Series episode "A Rogue's Tale", voiced by Roscoe Handford. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Grey DeLisle. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Jennifer Hale. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Avengers Assemble, voiced by Kathreen Khavari. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Avengers: Ultron Revolution and Avengers: Secret Wars. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Marvel's Spider-Man, voiced again by Kathreen Khavari. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Marvel Future Avengers, voiced by Akari Kitō in Japanese and Kathreen Khavari in English. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in the Marvel Rising series of short films and television specials, voiced again by Kathreen Khavari. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Spidey and His Amazing Friends (2021), voiced by Sandra Saad. Film Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Marvel Rising: Secret Warriors, voiced again by Kathreen Khavari. Marvel Cinematic Universe Iman Vellani portrays Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). She first appears in Ms. Marvel. Vellani will reprise her role in the live-action film The Marvels (2023). Video games Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by April Stewart. Sharon Ventura / Ms. Marvel appears as an alternate costume for Carol Danvers in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, voiced again by April Stewart. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad, voiced again by Grey DeLisle. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced again by Grey DeLisle. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel: Avengers Alliance. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Heroes, voiced by Danielle Nicolet. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Danielle Nicolet. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced by again by Danielle Nicolet. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Ashly Burch. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions. Carol Danvers / Ms. Marvel appears in Marvel Puzzle Quest. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears in Marvel Puzzle Quest. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Priyanka Chopra. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2, voiced by Rebecca Kiser. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Strike Force. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, voiced by Kathreen Khavari. Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel appears as a playable character in Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Sandra Saad. References Comics about women Feminist comics Characters created by John Buscema Characters created by Gerry Conway Set index articles on comics Comics characters introduced in 1977 Marvel Comics female superheroes Articles about multiple fictional characters
41081193	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luch%20%28rural%20locality%29	Luch (rural locality)	Luch () is the name of several rural localities in Russia. Luch, Birsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a khutor in Staropetrovsky Selsoviet of Birsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan Luch, Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Tazlarovsky Selsoviet of Zianchurinsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan Luch, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Luchevoy Rural Okrug of Labinsky District in Krasnodar Krai Luch, Moscow Oblast, a settlement in Stremilovskoye Rural Settlement of Chekhovsky District in Moscow Oblast Luch, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Prioksky City District of the city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Luch, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Pylayevsky Selsoviet of Pervomaysky District in Orenburg Oblast Luch, Penza Oblast, a settlement in Troitsky Selsoviet of Bashmakovsky District in Penza Oblast Luch, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Rtishchevsky District of Saratov Oblast Luch, Bogdanovichsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Bogdanovichsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast Luch, Sysertsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Sysertsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast Luch, Tambov Oblast, a settlement in Luchevsky Selsoviet of Uvarovsky District in Tambov Oblast Luch, Republic of Tatarstan, a settlement in Chistopolsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan Luch, Vladimir Oblast, a settlement in Alexandrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast Luch, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Usmanskoye 2-ye Rural Settlement of Novousmansky District in Voronezh Oblast
41081195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201916	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1916	This is a list of people elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1916. Fellows Edwin Henry Barton William Robert Bousfield Sidney George Brown Ernest George Coker George Gerald Henderson John Edensor Littlewood John Alexander MacWilliam Joseph Henry Maiden Alexander McKenzie Henry Harold Welch Pearson James Arthur Pollock Sir Leonard Rogers Cresswell Shearer Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Henry Woods Foreign members Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Boris Borisovich Golitsyn Johan Hjort Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1916 1916 in the United Kingdom 1916 in science
41081207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201917	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1917	This is a list of people elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917. Fellows James Hartley Ashworth Sir Leonard Bairstow Grenville Arthur James Cole Charles Frederick Cross Henry Drysdale Dakin Arthur Stewart Eve Sir Herbert Jackson John Smyth Macdonald John William Nicholson Sir Robert Howson Pickard Charles Tate Regan Sir Robert Robertson Sir Edward John Russell Samuel George Shattock Frederick Ernest Weiss 1917 1917 in the United Kingdom 1917 in science
41081212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20F.%20Stevens	Edward F. Stevens	Edward Fletcher Stevens (1860–1946) was an American architect and author. He partnered with Frederick Clare Lee to form Stevens & Lee. The firm designed hospitals in the U.S. and Canada including Hôpital Notre-Dame in Montreal; Ottawa Civic Hospital; St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto; and portions of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. They worked in Boston and Toronto from 1912 to 1933. Stevens graduated with an architecture degree from MIT in 1883. He worked for Allen and Kenway in Boston in 1889 and for McKim, Mead and White in 1890. He partnered with Henry H. Kendall to form Kendall and Stevens (1890–95); Kendall, Taylor, and Stevens (1895–1909) (with Bertrand E. Taylor; Kendall, Stevens, and Lee (1909–12); and formed his own firm Stevens and Lee (1912–33) with Frederick Clare Lee. Stevens became a member of the Province of Quebec Association of Architects in 1914 and a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1923 During World War I he was a civilian specialist with the Army Engineers designing of hospitals abroad. After the war he served on a special committee tasked with revising the design of U.S. Army hospitals. He authored books on institutional design including The American Hospital of the Twentieth Century. Partner Frederick Clare Lee studied at Yale University and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris (1897–1902). He was a partner in the firms Kendall, Stevens, and Lee (1909–12) and Stevens and Lee (1912–33). Bibliography The American Hospital of the Twentieth Century Illustrated Architectural Record Publishing, New York References Additional sources Annmarie Adams. "Modernism and Medicine: The Hospitals of Stevens and Lee: 1919–1932" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 58, no. 1 (March, 1999): 42. E. F. Stevens, Noted Architect The New York Times 1 March 1946 Isabelle Gournay and France Vanlaethem Montreal Metropole: 1880–1930 Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture and Boréal, 1998. External links 19th-century American architects 1860 births 1946 deaths 20th-century American architects Yale University alumni École des Beaux-Arts alumni
41081219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201918	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1918	This is a list of people elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1918. Fellows Charles Bolton Sir Henry Cort Harold Carpenter Thomas Algernon Chapman Cecil Clifford Dobell Ernest Gold Henry Brougham Guppy Sir Albert George Hadcock Archibald Vivian Hill Sir James Colquhoun Irvine Sir Gerald Ponsonby Lenox-Conyngham Sir Thomas Lewis Srinivasa Aaiyangar Ramanujan Arthur William Rogers Samuel Smiles Sir Frank Edward Smith Foreign members William Wallace Campbell Grove Karl Gilbert Luigi Luciani Jean Baptiste Perrin Paul Sabatier References 1918 1918 in the United Kingdom 1918 in science
41081223	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Antonietta%20Avanzo	Maria Antonietta Avanzo	Baroness Maria Antonietta Avanzo (née Bellan, 5 February 1889 – 17 January 1977) was the first Italian female racetrack driver. Widley regarded as "the most famous Italian woman racing driver of the inter-war period", she competed in numerous events throughout her career, including the Targa Florio and the Mille Miglia. In 1921, she famously drove a twelve-cylinder Packard 299 on the beach of the island of Fanø, in Denmark. All through her career she fought for the right to compete to motor racing events – until then largely reserved to men – and became an activist for women equality and a symbol of early feminism. Early life Maria Antonietta Bellan was born in 1889 at Contarina, now Porto Viro, near Rovigo. She learned to drive on her father's De Dion-Bouton tricycle. In 1908, she married Baron Eustachio Avanzo, with whom she had two children, Luisa (b. 1909) and Renzo (b. 1911). Shortly before World War One, the family relocated to Rome. Both her father and her husband encouraged her driving talents, and in 1920 Eustachio bought her a 35 hp SPA sportscar to race. Career In 1920 Avanzo made her racing debut at the wheel of the SPA 35/50 in the Giro del Lazio. Despite having to replace an errant wheel during the event, She was able to win her class. Later in the same year, she entered the Targa Florio in a Buick, but she did not finish and had to retire during the third lap. In 1921 Avanzo won the women's cup at the Brescia "Motor Sport Week". In July she drove a twelve-cylinder Packard in a sand race meeting on the beaches of the island of Fanø, in Denmark. When the car caught fire while travelling at full speed, Avanzo drove it into the sea to quench the flames. According to Enzo Ferrari, Antonio Ascari, who was attending the event and was deeply impressed with Avanzo's performance, overheard her remarking that she'd be happy to swap her Packard for a Fiat as she emerged from the water. On her return home, Avanzo found a bright red Fiat awaiting her, and Ascari got the Packard which was repaired and put back into use. In 1921, she entered an Ansaldo 4CS as Tazio Nuvolari's teammate, and finished 7th (3rd in class) at the Circuito di Garda. In 1922 Avanzo and her family emigrated to Australia, where she set up a farming business close to Rose Bay, New South Wales. She returned to Europe in 1926. In the 1930s she drove Alfa Romeos, Maseratis, and Bugattis on many events, including the Rocca di Papa hill climb, and the 24 Hours of Le Mans. In 1932 she attempted to qualify a Miller at the Indianapolis 500. In 1939 she entered the Tobruk-Tripoli where she finished sixth in the 1100cc class driving a Fiat. Avanzo regularly competed to the Mille Miglia. Her first attempt took place in 1928, driving a Chrysler Tipo 72 with Manuel de Teffé. They did not finish after suffering a mechanical failure. The following year, she teamed up with Carlo Bruno and drove an Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 SS. Again, she was forced to retire. In 1931 she made another attempt at the Mille Miglia, in a Bugatti T43, driving with Count Carlo Castelbarco. Avanzo's final Mille Miglia was in 1932. In 1940 she entered a Fiat 1100 with Angelo Della Cella, but did not start the race. Following the beginning of World War Two, Avanzo retired from racing. Her career inspired many other Italian women to follow her example, including Lia Comirato Dumas, Jole Venturi, Corinna Braccialini, Anna Maria Peduzzi, and Dorina Colonna. See also INDOMITA, la straordinaria vita di Maria Antonietta Avanzo (INDOMITE, the extraordinary life of Maria Antonietta Avanzo)'' by Luca Malin (2013) References 1889 births 1977 deaths Italian racing drivers Italian motorsport people Mille Miglia drivers Italian female racing drivers 19th-century Italian women 20th-century Italian women Sportspeople from the Province of Rovigo
41081225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entophlyctis	Entophlyctis	Entophlyctis is a genus of fungi currently classified in the family Chytriomycetaceae. The genus, widespread in temperate regions and contains about 20 species. Species E. apiculata E. aurantiaca E. aurea E. brassicae E. bulbigera E. caudiformis E. cienkowskiana E. confervae-glomeratae E. crenata E. heliomorpha E. lobata E. luteolus E. mammilliformis E. maxima E. molesta E. obscura E. reticulospora E. salicorniae E. sphaerioides E. texana E. willoughbyi E. woronichinii References External links Chytridiomycota genera
41081226	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Estonian%20football%20transfers%20winter%202013%E2%80%9314	List of Estonian football transfers winter 2013–14	This is a list of Estonian football transfers in the winter transfer window 2013–14 by club. Only transfers in Meistriliiga are included. Meistriliiga Flora In: Out: Infonet In: Out: Sillamäe Kalev In: Out: Tallinna Kalev In: Out: Nõmme Kalju In: Out: Levadia In: Out: Lokomotiv In: Out: Paide Linnameeskond In: Out: Tammeka In: Out: Narva Trans In: Out: See also 2014 Meistriliiga 2014 Esiliiga 2014 Esiliiga B References External links Estonian Football Association Estonian transfers transfers 2013–14
41081247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201945	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1945	This is a list of people elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1945. This includes the first two female fellows: Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson. Fellows John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley Leonard Colebrook Sir William Scott Farren Norman Feather Sir John Henry Gaddum Sir Harry Godwin John Masson Gulland Hildebrand Wolfe Harvey Vincent Charles Illing Albert Edward Ingham Herbert Davenport Kay Wilfrid Bennett Lewis Dame Kathleen Yardley Lonsdale Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls John Monteath Robertson Frederick Maurice Rowe Sir William Wright Smith Marjory Stephenson Sir Barnes Neville Wallis John Zachary Young 1945 1945 in science 1945 in the United Kingdom
41081248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza%20A%20virus%20subtype%20H6N1	Influenza A virus subtype H6N1	Influenza A virus subtype H6N1 (A/H6N1), is a subtype of the influenza A virus. It has only infected one person, a woman in Taiwan, who recovered. Known to infect Eurasian teal, it is closely related to subtype H5N1. References Bird diseases H6N1
41081259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Are%20You%20Dreaming%3F	Are You Dreaming?	"Are You Dreaming?" is a song by Dutch group Twenty 4 Seven, released in November 1990 as the second single from their first album, Street Moves (1991). Nancy Coolen performed the vocal parts, and Captain Hollywood the rap parts—with Fixx it & Janks. The song was a top 10 hit in Denmark, Finland, Italy and Switzerland. In the UK, it reached number 17. Critical reception British magazine Music Week described the song as a "pop-rap galloper". David Quantick from NME wrote, "I wish I was called Captain Hollywood. This is shamelessly happy Euro pop rap and keeps threatening to turn into Modern Romance's 'The Best Years of Our Lives'. Ay ay ay ay, it's a new romance. Ay ay ay ay, it makes me want to dance." Miranda Sawyer from Smash Hits concluded, "Still this tune is good in an annoyingly sparkly-eyed, keep fit sort of way." Track listing Vinyl 7", Netherlands "Are You Dreaming?" (Radio Edit) — 2:45 "Are You Dreaming?" (Instrumental Edit) — 3:18 Vinyl 12", Italy "Are You Dreaming?" (Radio Edit) — 2:45 "Are You Dreaming?" (Dream Dub) — 4:24 "Are You Dreaming?" (Nightmare Mix) — 5:08 "Are You Dreaming?" (Acapella) — 4:24 CD maxi, UK "Are You Dreaming?" (Radio Edit) — 2:45 "Are You Dreaming?" (Bruce Forest Radio Edit) — 4:01 "Are You Dreaming?" (Bruce Forest Remix) — 6:53 "Are You Dreaming?" (Nightmare Mix) — 5:08 CD maxi, Germany "Are You Dreaming?" (Radio Edit) — 2:45 "Are You Dreaming?" (Nightmare Mix) — 5:08 "Are You Dreaming?" (Acapella) — 4:24 "Are You Dreaming?" (Dream Dub) — 4:24 CD maxi, Scandinavia "Are You Dreaming?" (Radio Edit) — 2:45 "Are You Dreaming?" (Nightmare Mix) — 5:08 "Are You Dreaming?" (Acapella) — 4:24 "Are You Dreaming?" (Dream Dub) — 4:24 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 1990 singles 1990 songs Twenty 4 Seven songs Songs written by Tony Dawson-Harrison Songs written by Ruud van Rijen
41081294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fellows%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20elected%20in%201946	List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1946	This is a list of people elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1946. Fellows Agnes Arber Wilson Baker Sir George Lindor Brown Sir Gordon Roy Cameron Frank Dickens Harry Julius Emeleus Sir Frank Leonard Engledow Edmund Brisco Ford Robert Alexander Frazer Sir Claude Dixon Gibb Edward Armand Guggenheim Robert Hill Chalmers Jack Mackenzie Sir Ernest Marsden William George Penney, 1st Baron Penney of East Hendred Sir John Turton Randall Roderick Oliver Redman Archibald Read Richardson Louis Rosenhead John Alexander Sinton Harold Haydon Storey Sir Harold Warris Thompson John William Trevan Lawrence Rickard Wager Sir Francis Martin Rouse Walshe Charles Maurice Yonge Foreign members Herbert Spencer Gasser Jean Frederic Joliot Theodore von Kármán Erik Helge Oswald Stensiö 1946 1946 in science 1946 in the United Kingdom
41081327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20STD%20%26%20AIDS	International Journal of STD & AIDS	The International Journal of STD & AIDS is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of immunology as applied to sexually-transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. Its editor-in-chief is John White (Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust). It was established in 1990 and is published by SAGE Publications. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/PubMed/MEDLINE and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2012 impact factor is 1.000, ranking it 62nd out of 69 journals in the category "Infectious Diseases" and 122nd out of 135 journals in the category "Immunology". References External links SAGE Publishing academic journals English-language journals Academic journals established in 1990 Monthly journals HIV/AIDS journals Immunology journals
41081330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaf-e%20Bala	Chaf-e Bala	Chaf-e Bala (, also Romanized as Chāf-e Bālā; also known as Bālā Chāf and Chāf) was a village in Chaf Rural District of the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 508 in 159 households. After the census, the villages of Chaf-e Bala, Chaf-e Pain, Chamkhaleh, Galesh Kolam, Hoseynabad-e Chaf, Kamal ol Din Poshteh, Mian Mahalleh-ye Pap Kiadeh, Pain Pap Kiadeh, Palat Kaleh, Pir Poshteh, Radar Kumeh, Soltan Moradi, Tappeh, and Tazehabad-e Chaf merged to form the new city of Chaf and Chamkhaleh. References Langarud County Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaf-e%20Pain	Chaf-e Pain	Chaf-e Pain (, also Romanized as Chāf-e Pā’īn; also known as Chāf and Pā’īn Chāf) was a village in Chaf Rural District of the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,909 in 866 households. After the census, the villages of Chaf-e Bala, Chaf-e Pain, Chamkhaleh, Galesh Kolam, Hoseynabad-e Chaf, Kamal ol Din Poshteh, Mian Mahalleh-ye Pap Kiadeh, Pain Pap Kiadeh, Palat Kaleh, Pir Poshteh, Radar Kumeh, Soltan Moradi, Tappeh, and Tazehabad-e Chaf merged to form the new city of Chaf and Chamkhaleh. References Langarud County Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprio%2C%20LLP	Aprio, LLP	Aprio, LLP (previously known as Habif Arogeti & Wynne, LLP (HA&W)) is an accounting and business advisory firm headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Aprio is the fastest-growing firm in the United States, ranking 26th on the Top 100 Firms list published by Accounting Today, as well as the largest firm headquartered in the Southeastern United States and a top tax firm. Georgia judge Amy Totenberg, who is overseeing a case against alleged promoters of syndicated conservation easements (Lechter v. Aprio) indicated she sees a 'consistent pattern' across transactions that form the basis of the class-action lawsuit against Aprio. The firm's services include advisory, audit, tax, outsourcing, talent solutions and private client services. The firm serves clients in industries including Manufacturing and Distribution, Non-Profit and Education, Professional Services, Real Estate, Construction, Retail, Franchise and Hospitality, Government Contracting, and Technology and Blockchain. The firm's team members speak more than 60 languages and serve clients in all 50 states and over 50 countries worldwide. In 2022, Aprio posted revenues of $318 million and employed over 1,500 people. History Isaac Habif and Jimmy Arogeti founded the firm in 1952. Merrill Wynne later joined the firm in 1962, becoming a Partner in 1970. In late 2013, the firm added commercial real estate tax consulting to its services and announced it was merging with JRZ, LLC, an Atlanta-based real estate tax firm. In 2015, HA&W began a re-brand to the name Aprio, LLP. Since the rebrand in 2017, Aprio has grown through expanded services and capabilities and has completed more than 16 strategic mergers and acquisitions including Henderson & Godbee, Leaf Saltzman, RINA, and Ladd Robbins. In 2023, Aprio finalized a strategic combination with Washington D.C.-based Aronson, LLC, marking the firm’s largest transaction to date. Locations Aprio currently has 15 offices in the United States, and one office in the Philippines. Aprio has offices located in New York, Washington D.C., California, New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. Aprio’s headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Ranking & Recognition Aprio ranks 26th on the Top 100 Firms list, and 1st as the Fast-Growing Firm in the U.S. by Accounting Today. Experiencing year-over-year growth, the firm elevated from the 35th ranking in 2022, and the 48th ranking in 2021. In 2022, Aprio was named a Glassdoor Best Place to Work and received recognition on Vault’s Top Accounting 25 list, which ranks the best accounting firms to work for in 2023. Aprio also earned recognition among the 2022 Top Workplaces ‘Culture Excellence’ awards in multiple categories, including Leadership, Innovation, Compensation and Benefits, Work-Life Flexibility, and Purpose and Values. Aprio was recognized by the Atlanta Business Chronicle as a 2023 Pacesetter, which honors private companies that have experienced a two-year growth of more than 50 percent and significant employee growth. The firm’s internship program has been recognized as the #2 Best Accounting Internship by Vault’s annual Best Internships by Industry and #4 in the 100 Best Internships overall for the 2023 rankings. References Accounting firms of the United States
41081353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivedita%20Menon	Nivedita Menon	Nivedita Menon (1960, Poona/Pune) is a writer and a professor of political thought at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. She previously taught at Lady Shri Ram College and the Department of Political Science at Delhi University. Scholarly career Menon is a feminist scholar who has taught at the International Studies School of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in Delhi since 2009. Before moving to JNU she was a teacher at Lady Shri Ram College for 15 years, and the political science department at Delhi University for seven years. Menon says that the Indian feminist movement she was exposed to in college, as well as the writings of global feminists, helped her evolve a better consciousness with respect to issues of sexuality and politics. She was greatly influenced by the work of global feminists like Betty Friednan, Germaine Greer and Gloria Steinem. Menon has written or edited several books about feminism and politics, including the 2004 volume Recovering Subversion: Feminist Politics Beyond the Law. She also writes on current issues in the journal Economic and Political Weekly, the online news blog kafila.org, and several newspapers. Reception Seeing Like a Feminist, released in 2012, received favourable reviews. It also had high sales, partly due to uproar following the 2012 Delhi gang rape. The title of the book is a play upon the title of Seeing Like a State by James C. Scott. A review in The Hindu said that the book "[dissected] social institutions, policy, and common ideas to explain the many ways the process of “gendering” occurs — here making a distinction between ‘sex’ as the biological characteristics and ‘gender’ as the set of cultural meanings that are arrived at over time." Writing in the journal Economic and Political Weekly, feminist scholar Mary John said; "Written in a highly engrossing style, [the book] takes on very serious issues while also frequently making the reader smile. Nivedita Menon has managed to condense some of the most complex challenges facing the women’s movement in contemporary India and elsewhere in the form of a series of short reflections that are organised within six chapters." A review in The Guardian noted that "Menon succeeds in shattering some deeply-engrained myths, and her efficient gathering of the intersectional strands makes it a breezy but sharp read." Political activism Menon is known for her staunch opposition to nuclear power. Menon has commented on the different portrayals of the Kashmir conflict within India and outside it, and has criticized the Armed Forces Special Powers Act. Describing Uniform civil code as anti-Muslim In an article published in The Hindu on 18 October 2016, Menon criticised the Uniform Civil Code (UCC). She wrote that, "the talk of a Uniform Civil Code has nothing to do with gender justice. It has entirely to do with a Hindu nationalist agenda to ‘discipline’ Muslims". She went on to describe the UCC as "a stick to beat Muslims with" and claimed that the "Muslim Personal Law is already modern", as it already provides women the right to property and recognises marriage as a civil contract, unlike Hindu marriages which were largely considered sacrament, until recently. JNU protests During the protests in JNU in March 2016, Nivedita Menon made a speech titled "Nation, a daily plebiscite" in which she discussed nation formation, nationalist aspirations, and Kashmir's accession to the Indian Union. The lecture was part of a series about nationalism. The ABVP activist and students union joint secretary Saurabh Kumar Sharma filed a police complaint accusing her of having made anti-national statements to the effect that "Everyone knows that India is illegally occupying Kashmir. It is said the world over. Everybody accepts (this)". She was also accused of saying, "Manipur and Kashmir have been illegally occupied by the Indian state". A video clip from her lecture was highlighted by the news channel Zee News, which labelled Menon "anti-national". In the clip Nivedita said that " Hindu Society is the most violent, to the root violent society in the world". The incident led to her being targeted for her views by people and student organisations. Menon claimed that her actual statement was, "We [Indians] must accept that Kashmiris' call for freedom is absolutely justified". She also said "We know that people the world over think that India is illegally occupying Kashmir". She also said, "If people are raising slogans for azadi (freedom), shouldn’t this be looked at in the context of India being seen as an imperialist country internationally?". She also highlighted the fact that Kashmiris equate "India" and Indian nationalism with militarism and abuse of power. Menon later stated that she had not said anything anti-national. The video of her speech and the reactions to it also led to Menon receiving widespread support online. A number of activists published a statement saying that Menon was being vilified by the media and the police, and that the complaints against her constituted harassment. Friends and students of Menon created a Facebook page in her support. The controversy led to her being described as a figure of dissent against the Hindu right. Personal life Menon is known as 'Nivi' to most of her students and peers. She belongs to an upper-caste middle-class family, and was brought up in different parts of India, including Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi. Menon's sister is the queer activist, stand-up comedian, and gender and sexuality consultant Pramada Menon, who co-founded the organization Creating Resources for Empowerment in Action (CREA). Their brother is Dilip Menon, who is a historian at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Selected works Power and Contestation: India since 1989 (Global History of the Present) (2007). Seeing Like a Feminist (2012). Recovering Subversion: Feminist Politics Beyond The Law (2004). Gender And Politics In India Sexualities (collected volume) Awards and honours In 1994, Nivedita Menon won the A. K. Ramanujan Award (Instituted by Katha) for translation from Hindi and Malayalam into English 1994. References Sources Malayali people Indian feminist writers Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University Living people 21st-century Indian women writers 21st-century Indian non-fiction writers Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni Indian women social scientists Indian political scientists 21st-century Indian women scientists 21st-century Indian social scientists Year of birth missing (living people) Educators from Delhi Women educators from Delhi Women political scientists
41081377	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranaiyur	Aranaiyur	Aranaiyur is a village situated in the Sivagangai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is near the towns of Paramakudi and Ilaiyangudi and has a population of 1348 people. Notable people Seeman References Cities and towns in Sivaganga district
41081378	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20doping%20cases%20in%20sport%20%28K%29	List of doping cases in sport (K)	This is a sub-list from List of doping cases in sport representing a full list of surnames starting with K. References K
41081385	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Chapramari%20Forest%20train%20accident	2013 Chapramari Forest train accident	The 2013 Chapramari Forest train accident occurred on 13 November 2013 in the eastern area of the Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, between Chalsa and Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal. The accident killed or injured 17 Indian elephants and has been described as the worst of its kind in recent history. Background The Wildlife Protection Society of India reported that 20 elephants were killed in 2007. In 2013, the tally on the Chapramari track, specifically, reached 17 including those killed by 13 November accident. The number of wild elephants in all of India is thought to be about 26,000. Accident At approximately 17:40 on 13th November 2013 - Wednesday, an Assam-bound passenger train travelling through the Chapramari Forest, Udaipur City–Kamakhya Kavi Guru Express (19709), approached the Jaldhaka River Bridge at ~80 km/h and collided with a herd of 40–50 Indian elephants, killing five adults and two calves and injuring ten others. Surviving elephants fled but soon returned to the scene of the accident and remained there until being dispersed by officials. Aftermath Additional Divisional Railway Manager B. Lakra stated, "We have heard of the accident. All necessary actions are being taken. Special relief train has been sent and all Assam bound trains are being deviated through alternate route." The track was reopened for service after 12 hours. A meeting to discuss future prevention was held between forest and railway officials on 14 November. According to a telephone interview of Jalpaiguri divisional forest officer Bidyut Sarkar conducted by The New York Times, "one female elephant, whose leg was fractured by the train and was unable to stand, fell into a ravine below the track, unreachable by cranes or trucks, so veterinarians descended and set up a camp near her to provide treatment". The remains of one elephant were caught up in the structure of the bridge and necessitated disintegration for removal. Some injured elephants remain in critical condition. Jalpaiguri protest A protest seeking better regulation for trains passing through the wildlife sanctuary occurred on 14 November in Jalpaiguri. In an unrelated statement by West Bengal's forest minister, Hiten Burman, it was noted that official requests to a similar effect have been disregarded by railway authorities in the past. Repercussions The accident reignited discussion over the history and administration of the 168 km track, which spans New Jalpaiguri to Alipurduar and also passes through Buxa Tiger Reserve. Animesh Basu, a coordinator for the Himalayan Nature and Adventure Foundation, criticised the government's response to the issue of its national heritage animal being frequently hit by trains, highlighting the irony of Indian Railways' use of an elephant calf as its mascot. Electric fencing, stationary lighting, and motion sensors have each been proposed as technical measures to prevent similar incidents in the future. Investigation Officials plan to launch an investigation into the causes of the accident. Speeding is suspected as a possible contributing factor. The train was traveling at 80 km/h and guidelines specify a limit of 40 km/h. Reaction Minister of State for Railways Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury stated that the accident "happened outside the area which has been earmarked as elephant corridor" and that it "is the responsibility of the state government to protect the wildlife [because] railway officials cannot". References 2013 disasters in India 2013 animal deaths Railway accidents in 2013 Transport and the environment Chapramari Forest train accident Transport in Jalpaiguri district Elephants in India November 2013 events in India
41081431	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/63/19	63/19	63 and 19 are mixtapes by Kool A.D, released as a double-album on February 7, 2013. The albums include collaborations with Pictureplane, Young L, SKYWLKR, Keyboard Kid, Trackademicks, Fat Tony, Mike Finito, Lakutis and Spank Rock as well as a beat Ad-Rock of the Beastie Boys originally made for Das Racist. Critical reception 63 and 19 received mostly positive reviews from critics. Vice described 19 and 63 as "taking the discursive and funny work he was doing with Das Racist and stripping it of any sense of structure or formula, but also work[ing] to free him from the label of 'Dude in Das Racist'". Pitchfork also praised the mixtapes, calling them "organically avant-garde", giving 19 a score of 7.9 out of 10 and 63 a 7.6. Afropunk called the record "challenging, vibrant, and sometimes brilliant". Contactmusic.com named 63 one of the ten best albums of 2013. Track listing 19 "Knowledge Born" (prod. Kool A.D.) "Eroika" (prod. Steel Tipped Dove) "New World" (prod. Plinio Trujillo) "Marine World Africa U.S.A." (ft. Issue) (prod. Issue) "Vendedores" (ft. Tray 57) (prod. Young L) "Beautiful Naked Psychedelic Gherkin Exploding Tomato Sauce All Over Your Face" (ft. Haji Springer and Bill Ding) (prod. Bill Ding) "Wow (Bay Shit)" (ft. Trackademicks) (prod. Trackademicks) "Hawaii 510" (ft. Cuzzo Fly and Citizen Chance) (prod. Mac Mean) "Fresh Prince" (prod. Skywlkr) "Jaleel White" (prod. Young L) "Jenny Holzer" (ft. Chippy Nonstop) (prod. Ryan Marks) "Kriss Kross" (prod. Steel Tipped Dove) "NPR" (prod. Ad-Rock) "Cheeba Cheeba" (ft. Spank Rock) (prod. Ghostdad) "Attitude" (ft. Cult Days) (prod. Pictureplane) "All Skreets" (ft. Dada Powell) (prod. Keyboard Kid) "Finally Every Dimension of the Skreets" (prod. Kool A.D.) 63 "63" (Amaze 88 Intro) "Moneyball" (prod. Mike Finito) "Froyo" (ft. Detroit Cydi and Selfsays) (prod. Illingsworth) "Sclera" (prod. Amaze 88) "Chuck Very" (ft. Young Dave) (prod. Amaze 88) "Airplane Flight" (ft. Davinci) (prod. Amaze 88) "Finito Posse Jawn" (ft. Chaz Van Queen, DVS, Lakutis, Mike Finito, and Davito) (prod. Mike Finito) "Get a Job" (prod. Alex Kestner) "Mass Appeal" (ft. Young Dave and Amaze 88) (prod. Amaze 88) "Future Primitive Culinary School" (ft. Chippy Nonstop) (prod. SPVCE) "Rap Genius" (ft. Lakutis, Dallas Penn, DVS, and Meyhem Lauren) (prod. Amaze 88) "OK Computer" (ft. Verbs and Maffew Ragazino) (prod. Amaze 88) "Question Jam Answer" (ft. Busdriver and Beans of Antipop Consortium) (prod. Amaze 88) "Ken Burns" (ft. Kassa and Dada Powell) (prod. Illingsworth) "Red Wine" (ft. Open Mike Eagle) (prod. Amaze 88) "Saved by the Bell" (ft. Kassa) (prod. Amaze 88) "Lush" (ft. Ne$$ of Weekend Money) (prod. Amaze 88) "Hydrants" (ft. Meyhem Lauren) (prod. Mike Finito) "Bering Sea Gold" (prod. Amaze 88) "Exotische Kunst" (prod. Kanye West)Note 1 "Equality Understanding" (prod. Kool A.D.) Note 1: While the track list credits Kanye West, it's only a sample. References 2013 mixtape albums Kool A.D. albums
41081432	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Abrahams%20%28businessman%29	David Abrahams (businessman)	David Martin Abrahams (born 13 November 1944) is an English entrepreneur, philanthropist and political activist. Early life Abrahams was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, and brought up in Whitley Bay as the only child in a strongly political family. His father Bennie Abrahams (1906–1990) was a Labour councillor for the Monkchester ward of Newcastle City Councilfor 35 years, and served as the city's Lord Mayor for one year in 1981-2. His mother Marion Marcelline Abrahams was a concert hall violinist for the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and a Labour councillor in Newcastle. Abrahams was educated at Ascham House preparatory school, now Newcastle School for Boys in Gosforth, and passed his 11+ to Rutherford Grammar School. In 1977, Mohammed Ali paid a visit to the Abrahams family home in Gosforth, where his 105-year-old Grandmother Annie Abrahams chatted to him about the underprivileged. In July 1979, he accompanied his Grandmother aged 107 to meet the Queen at Buckingham Palace. Political career Abrahams was a councillor for the Labour Party on Tyne and Wear County Council for two and a half years from 1978 to 1981 when he lost to the Liberal candidate David Howarth who took 60% of the vote in a two way contest. His special interest was economic development. He was selected in 1990 as the Labour candidate for Richmond, Yorkshire in the 1992 general election. In 1997 he was unsuccessful in his attempt at selection for the safe Labour seat of Wansbeck near Newcastle. A close associate of Tony Blair and Lord Levy during the New Labour-era, Abrahams faced high-profile media accusations in 2007 that he had secretly made £630,000 in donations to the Labour Party, by channelling the donations through four different individuals in what was thought to have been a breach of the electoral law on transparent disclosure. The Donorgate scandal put pressure on then Prime Minister Gordon Brown who set up an internal enquiry, although no report has ever been published. Abrahams was subsequently cleared of any wrongdoing by the police, in April 2008. In April 2016, following remarks made by a Labour MP Naz Shah and the former Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, Abrahams said that he would no longer financially support the Labour party, alleging that it was becoming increasingly anti-semitic. In an article for The Guardian he accused the hard left of perverting the principles of social justice and liberal, progressive politics. Following the election of Keir Starmer as Leader of the Labour Party, Abrahams resumed making regular donations. In December 2020, Muslim groups, including the Muslim Council of Britain, called on Starmer to take action against Abrahams as a result of online comments he'd made, which were described as "abhorrent and Islamophobic" and "deeply disturbing". Among his comments was the claim that Muslims have "mixed loyalties"; he also stated "Don’t think I know how to divide political Islam from moderates and fundamentalists. It is the very nature of the beast!" and, commenting on Israel, he claimed that it was a "brand new hi-tech state with new inventions to benefit mankind" while its "close neighbours chose terrorism and invented suicide bombers". Mish Rahman, a member of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party, called on Starmer to return Abrahams donations. Other interests Abrahams is a Freeman of the City of London and a member of the Reform Club in Pall Mall. Abrahams has been an active supporter of peace initiatives in the Middle East. His diplomatic efforts in many Middle East countries brought him into contact with Yasser Arafat as well as Hamas and other leaders establishing grounds for ongoing dialogue. In 2010 it was reported that Abrahams had met senior Hamas officials including Palestinian Legislative Council speaker Aziz Dwaik and had appeared to wrest a significant change in tone from the Palestinian leadership. He indicated that Hamas officials were prepared to accept – but not necessarily recognise – the existence of Israel, and they would be prepared to nullify the part of the Hamas charter that calls for the obliteration of Israel. He became Vice President of Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), in Whitehall in 2008, and subsequently its first global ambassador. His first mission was to organise a conference of Arab foreign ministers to discuss normalisation of relations with Israel and the establishment of a Palestinian state. During his term of office, he focused on promoting peace within the MENA region paying personal visits to most of the countries to discuss security and defence issues as well as geopolitical alliances whilst attending many conferences at the UN and throughout the area. Whilst at RUSI he initiated the All Party Parliamentary Group on Defence and Diplomacy and is one of their global ambassadors. In August 2013, Royal United Services Institute named David Petraeus as new senior vice president. In 2013 it was reported that he had donated two tranches of £250,000 to found a chair in International Politics of the Middle East at Warwick University from 2005. He has also served as Vice-Chairman of the Jewish Labour Movement, Acting Director of Labour Friends of Israel and on the Executive of the Trade Union Friends of Israel. Since 1968, he has been involved North East Prisons After Care Society (NEPACS). He is currently a trustee and Board Member. He is a former founder and Vice Chair of North East Alzheimer’s Society and was for many years National Director of The Campaign For Pensioner Poverty. He served for twelve years as a trustee and on the executive of The Council for Christians and Jews, becoming their Director of Parliamentary Affairs. Business Abrahams founded the nationwide “London Girl” group of fashion shops and a chain of hotels in the north east. He has developed more than a hundred new homes in the former pit village of Haswell. In an interview with the Guardian he spoke of the need to create jobs for people in “pit villages where there's a lot of deprivation, drugs and crime. People with nothing to do”. In 2009, Abrahams obtained planning permission to build a 540-acre business park to create jobs on a site which he owned, near Bowburn, outside Durham, with onsite connectivity to the main Edinburgh-London railway line and off Junction 61 on the A1(M). He said he would donate the profits from building the business park to “causes he has supported in the past”. In 2010, Abrahams was reported to be in talks with 15 potential tenants for a 540-acre site on the edge of Durham. He was subsequently reported to be selling the site. In 2018, it was reported that the Integra 61 project on the site would include industrial units, offices, a hotel, shops, gym, care home, pub and GP surgery. Persimmon Homes obtained permission to build up to 270 houses on the site. In 2019, it was reported that Amazon had bought part of the site and were building a warehouse of almost 2 million sq. ft which would create 4,000 new jobs. It opened in September 2020. References 1944 births Living people British businesspeople Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates Businesspeople from Newcastle upon Tyne Labour Friends of Israel Jewish British politicians
41081509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javardeh	Javardeh	Javardeh or Javar Deh () may refer to: Javardeh, Gilan (جوارده - Javārdeh) Javardeh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (جاورده - Jāvardeh)
41081512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago%20Key%20Ayala	Santiago Key Ayala	Santiago Key Ayala (Caracas, April 25, 1874 – Caracas, August 21, 1959) was a historian, writer and diplomat, and is considered one of the most important Venezuelan intellectuals from the first half of the 20th century. Biography Santiago Key Ayala was born in Caracas on April 25, 1874. His parents were Fernando Key Rodríguez and Ana Ayala Anzola. He studied philosophy, math, and natural sciences at the Central University of Venezuela. At this time he began his literary career by writing for the journal El Cojo Ilustrado. He then studied engineering and political science, and wrote articles for the magazine Cosmópolis, a publication that helped spread modernismo in Venezuela. Although Key Ayala was at first influenced by the ideas of modernismo, he gradually moved away from the movement, finding his own voice in a prose more in line with his academic and classic spirit. In the 1940s, Key Ayala collected all of the work he had written in a few volumes, which included monographs, articles, as well as research and discourse that had been previously published in the form of brochures and booklets. Alongside his intellectual work, he held various positions as an officer of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, both in Venezuela and abroad. One of these positions was Venezuela's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States in Italy in 1936. Another diplomatic function was to represent the country at the Plenipotentiary Conference for boundary issues with Colombia (1920-1921). He was also a delegate to the Assembly of the League of Nations, the Permanent Court of International Justice, and the Pan-American Conference in Havana. In 1914 he became a member of the Venezuelan Academy of Language and in 1916 he joined the National Academy of History. As a historian, he stands out for his research on Simon Bolivar and other Latin American figures. His books include: Vida ejemplar de Simón Bolívar (for which he obtained the Municipal Prize for Literature in 1942), Luz de Bolívar and Cuba y Marti. In addition to writing about historical figures, he was greatly interested in literary research and criticism, which prompted him to write the book Bajo el signo del Ávila (1949), about some contemporary writers of his time, including Manuel Díaz Rodríguez, Pedro Emilio Coll, Andrés Bello, Aristides Rojas and Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde. Since 1933 he wrote a series of books about Venezuelan history, including Series hemero-bibliográficas, Aluvión hemerográfico, Cateos de bibliografía. In 1950 he was awarded the National Prize for Literature. His selected works were published in 1955 in a book titled "Obras Selectas" (Ediciones EDIME, 1245 pages). Santiago Key Ayala published his work under the name "S. Key-Ayala" or "Santiago Key-Ayala", which were strictly not a pseudonyms but simply variants of his actual name. Key Ayala died in Caracas on August 21, 1959. Partial list of works Bajo el signo del Ávila (1949) Obras selectas (1955) Series hemero-bibliográficas (1933) Aluvión hemerográfico El juego del papagayo: conferencias de Elías Martel (1955) Entre Gil Fortoul y Lisandro Alvarado (1945) Adolfo Ernst: (1832-1899) (1955) Las noches del Panteón (1954) La bandera de Miranda: Bicentenario de Francisco de Miranda, 1750-1950 (1956) Monosílabos triliteros de la lengua castellana: motivos de conversación (1952) Discurso de... Jesús Arocha Moreno... y... Santiago Key-Ayala (1951) Por qué Bolívar no libertó a Cuba (1950) Eduardo Blanco y la genesis de "Venezuela heroica." (1920) Bolivariana (1933) Simón Bolívar (1973) Obra inducida de Lisandro Alvarado: (piezas de su archivo) (1958) La descendencia lexicográfica de Bolívar (1944) Uno que regresa: retrato histórico de Páez (1949) Los nombres de las esquinas de Caracas: tradiciones y tradicionistas (1927) Cateos de bibliografía References 1874 births 1959 deaths Venezuelan male writers 20th-century Venezuelan historians Writers from Caracas Central University of Venezuela alumni
41081528	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javardeh%2C%20Gilan	Javardeh, Gilan	Javardeh (, also Romanized as Javārdeh) is a village in Otaqvar Rural District, Otaqvar District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 8 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081545	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Sokola	David Sokola	David P. Sokola (born July 28, 1955) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Delaware Senate since 1991, representing District 8. He earned a BS from the University of Delaware. Elections 1990 When Republican Margo Ewing Bang retired and left the District 8 seat open, Sokola was unopposed for the 1990 Democratic Primary and won the November 6, 1990 General election with 6,738 votes (51%) against Republican nominee Frank Marx. 1992 Sokola was unopposed for the September 12, 1992 Democratic Primary and won the November 3, 1992 General election with 9,861 votes (62%) against Republican nominee Ronald Russo. 1996 Sokola was unopposed for the September 7, 1996 Democratic Primary and won the November 5, 1996 General election with 9,658 votes (61%) against Republican nominee Irwin Becnel. 2000 Sokola was unopposed for the September 9, 2000 Democratic Primary and won the November 7, 2000 General election with 9,873 votes (65.0%) against Republican nominee Paul Welsh. 2002 Sokola was unopposed for the September 10, 2002 Democratic Primary and won the November 5, 2002 General election with 6,411 votes (51.1%) against Republican nominee Michael Ramone. 2006 Sokola and Ramone were both unopposed for their September 12, 2006 primaries, setting up a rematch; Sokola won the November 7, 2006 General election with 7,678 votes (57.8%) against Ramone. 2010 Sokola was unopposed for the September 17, 2010 Democratic Primary and won the November 2, 2010 General election with 8,572 votes (60.6%) against Republican nominee A. Louis Saindon. 2012 Sokola was unopposed for the September 11, 2012 Democratic Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 10,099 votes (60.7%) against Republican nominee William Stritzinger. 2016 Sokola was unopposed for the September 6, 2016 Democratic Primary and won the November 8, 2016 General election with 8,862 votes (50.8%) against Republican nominee Meredith Chapman and Green nominee David B. Chandler. References External links Official page at the Delaware General Assembly Campaign site 1955 births 21st-century American politicians Democratic Party Delaware state senators Living people People from Newark, Delaware Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
41081546	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwalia%20Stores	Gwalia Stores	Gwalia Stores is a retail premises originally built at Ogmore Vale, Glamorgan, in 1880 and currently located at St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales. The stores were a family business, run by William Llewellyn and his family. By 1916 the departments included bakery, ironmongery, grocery, men's outfitters, pharmacy and animal feeds. Some of the stores' employees also lodged on the premises. "Gwalia Stores" was a popular name for grocery stores in Wales during the early 20th century, and other shops with the same or similar names, unconnected to the one at St Fagans, can still be found. The stores closed for business in Ogmore Vale in 1973 and reopened at St Fagans in 1991. Part of the shop is still a retail premises; the rest of the ground floor is set up as it would have been during the 1920s. The first floor contains a tearoom. References External links St Fagans National Museum of History Commercial buildings completed in 1880 Relocated buildings and structures in Wales Food retailers in Cardiff Retail buildings in Wales
41081563	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20McHenry	Bill McHenry	Bill McHenry (born 1972) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer. He is the leader of the Bill McHenry Quartet and has released over a dozen albums under his own name, in addition to collaborating on many more. Early life McHenry was born in Blue Hill, Maine, in 1972. He attended the Interlochen Arts Academy, and went on to study at the New England Conservatory of Music. Later life and career McHenry moved to New York in 1992. His recording debut as a leader was Rest Stop, with Ben Monder, Chris Higgins and Dan Reiser in 1997. It was followed by Graphic two years later, with Ben Monder, Reid Anderson and Gerald Cleaver. In 2002 he recorded his music with Paul Motian and that led to appearances at the Village Vanguard and two more albums, Roses and Ghosts of the Sun, also with Ben Monder and Reid Anderson. Proximity, a duo recording with drummer Andrew Cyrille, was released around 2016. Discography As leader/co-leader Jazz Is Where You Find It (Fresh Sound, 1997) Rest Stop (Fresh Sound, 1997) Graphic (Fresh Sound, 1998) Live at Smalls with Reid Anderson, Ethan Iverson, and Jeff Williams (Fresh Sound, 2000) Quartet Featuring Paul Motian (Fresh Sound, 2002) Sonic Pressure (Fresh Sound, 2005) Roses (Sunnyside, 2007) Rediscovery with John McNeil (Sunnyside, 2008) Chill Morn He Climb Jenny with John McNeil (Sunnyside, 2010) Bloom with Ben Monder (Sunnyside, 2010) Ghosts of the Sun (Sunnyside, 2011) La Peur Du Vide (Sunnyside, 2012) Proximity with Andrew Cyrille (Sunnyside, 2016) Solo (Underpool 2018) As sideman With Avishai Cohen Into the Silence (ECM, 2016) With Guillermo Klein Filtros Live at the Village Vanguard (Sunnyside) Los Guachos V (Sunnyside) With Ethan Iverson Live at Smalls (Fresh Sound, 2000) References External links Bill McHenry Homepage Avant-garde jazz musicians American jazz saxophonists American male saxophonists People from Blue Hill, Maine 1962 births Living people New England Conservatory alumni 21st-century American saxophonists 21st-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians Fresh Sounds Records artists Sunnyside Records artists
41081583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaf%20Rural%20District	Chaf Rural District	Chaf Rural District () is in the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 9,834 in 2,917 households. There were 6,961 inhabitants in 2,389 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 2,395 in 904 households. The largest of its six villages was Sadat Mahalleh, with 821 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divshal%20Rural%20District	Divshal Rural District	Divshal Rural District () is in the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 10,179 in 2,930 households. There were 10,313 inhabitants in 3,344 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 10,261 in 3,604 households. The largest of its 22 villages was Divshal, with 2,094 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081596	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Goffi	Emmanuel Goffi	Emmanuel Roberto Goffi (born December 10, 1971) is a French philosopher of technologies and, more specifically, an artificial intelligence ethicist. He has served in the French Air Force for 27 years. He is the co-founder and co-director of the Global AI Ethics Institute in Paris. He is also an instructor and research associate with the Frankfurt Big Data Lab at the Goethe University Frankfurt in Germany and a research fellow with the Centre for Defence and Security Studies at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. After having worked on military ethics, and more precisely on ethics applied to Lethal autonomous weapon, his focus has turned to ethics applied to Artificial intelligence. Emmanuel Goffi lectured in international relations and the Law of Armed Conflict at the École de l'air (French Air Force Academy) for five years before he was appointed as a research associate at the Center for Aerospace Strategic Studies in Paris. Goffi also taught international relations at the DSI Diplomatic Studies Institute in Marseille, at the Management Institute of Paris and at the École supérieure de commerce et management (ESCEM) in Paris. He is the author of Les armées françaises face à la morale: une réflexion au cœur des conflits modernes (Paris: , 2011).http://www.bigdata.uni-frankfurt.de/ethical-implications-ai-ss2020/ Emmanuel Goffi graduated from the French Air Force Military Academy and holds a master's degree in political science from the Paris Institute of Political Science (Sciences Po) and a research master's degree in political science from the Aix Institute of Political Science. He holds a PhD (highest honor) in political science from the Institut d'études politiques de Paris-Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po-CERI). Military career Emmanuel Goffi joined the French Air Force in 1992 as a non-commissioned officer and specialist in electrotechnics. After a competitive exam, he was admitted to join the École militaire de l'air in Salon de Provence in 2000. After he left the French Air Force Academy, Emmanuel Goffi was appointed Deputy Chief of the Air Force Headquarters Network Management Cell, at the Centre de gestion de l’armée de l’Air in Paris, France, in September 2001. He was then moved to the Personal staff of the Chief of Staff of the French Air Force as a speech-writer and linguist in September 2002. In 2003, he is posted at the Délégation à l'information et à la communication de la Défense to be an analyst in International Relations. In 2007, after he completed his master's degree at Sciences Po and finished his scholarship at the University of Queensland in Australia, he is posted as a professor of international relations at the French Air Force Academy. He will then be Deputy Head and later Head, of the Department of Human Sciences. During his tenure, he also teaches the Law of Armed Conflict, Ethics and Communication. While at the French Air Force Academy, he notably set up the Law of Armed Conflict Module in the framework of the Initiative européenne pour les échanges de jeunes officiers, inspirée d'Erasmus (European initiative for the exchange of young officers inspired by Erasmus), that was finally adopted as the model for all European military academies by the Collège européen de sécurité et de défense (European College for Security and Defence) in Brussels. Emmanuel was also the first professor to give a course in English (a part of English language courses) at the French Air Force Academy. Besides, this module gave birth to an annual international seminar and an edited book issued in 2011. From September 2012 to September 2014, is appointed Strategy Analyst, Influence Officer and Research Associate at Centre d’Etudes Stratégiques Aérospatiales (CESA), where he works on drones, ethics and security studies. While at the CESA he notably co-edited a seminal volume of more than 40 contributions about drones, Les drones aériens: passé, présent et avenir. Approche globale, published in 2013. In 2014, he is granted an extended leave to start a new career in Canada, and retired in July 2019 after 25 years of service. Research activities After two years in Science Po, during which he spent one semester at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, QLD, Australia, he started working on international relations, focusing on military ethics. He then directed his research activities on ethical issues related to the use of drones and military robots in modern conflicts, and its impact upon the profession of arms. Through moral philosophy, he tries to offer new approaches for military ethics, basing his reflections upon intersubjectivity, moral responsibility, and moral freedom. Emmanuel's doctoral dissertation, entitled "Le sacrifice suprême, une approche critique de la construction d'un mythe: les officiers français et la mort pro patria dans le contexte du conflit en Afghanistan" (Supreme Sacrifice: A Critical Approach of the Construction of a Myth. The French Officers and Death Pro Patria in the Context of the Afghan Conflict), addresses the issue of supreme-sacrifice in modern conflicts trying to show that the obligation to consent to sacrifice is a social construct which needs to be questioned in regard to modern military engagements. Emmanuel Goffi is also a research fellow at the Centre for Defence and Security Studies, University of Manitoba (Canada) and a research associate with Sciences Po-Centre de recherches internationales. He is currently conducting researches as a research associate with the Canadian Mennonite University in Winnipeg on the evolution of peace operations in Africa. Teaching activities Goffi mainly taught international relations focusing on threats to international security, such as terrorism, environmental or technology issues, but also on French foreign policy and international relations theories. He also teaches strategy. While posted at the French Air Force Academy, he also provided courses on the law of armed conflicts and international relations ethics. He extensively worked on the organization of the international seminar on the law of armed conflicts (LOAC) yearly held at the French Air Force Academy, and on the building of the French Air Force Academy's LOAC module and its integration to the "European initiative for the exchange of young officers inspired by Erasmus" training program. Courses taught Institut libre d'étude des relations internationales, Paris, France Éthique et relations internationales Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada 78.381 International Organizations University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada POLS 7850 Contemporary Strategic and Security Studies; POLS 4730 Strategic Studies POLS 3200 International Security and Conflict Management POLS 2040 Introduction to International Relations POLS 1040 Global Political Issues (International College of Manitoba) École de l'air, Salon-de-provence, France Introduction aux relations internationales Droit des conflits armés Éthique et relations internationales École supérieure de commerce et de management, Paris, France Introduction aux relations internationales Management Institute of Paris, Paris, France Strategy in international contexts ISD – Institut des sciences diplomatiques de Marseille, Marseille, France Participation des organisations internationales aux relations internationales Évaluation de la participation des acteurs non-étatiques Théorie générale des relations internationales Espaces régionaux et leurs rapports internes et externes Works Monograph Les armées françaises face à la morale. Une réflexion au cœur des conflits modernes, Paris: L'Harmattan, coll. Histoire de la Défense, 2011, 216 p. () Edited volumes Sébastien MAZOYER, Jérôme LESPINOIS, Emmanuel GOFFI, Grégory BOUTHERIN, Christophe PAJON (coord.). Les drones aériens: passé, présent et avenir. Approche globale. Paris: La Documentation française, coll. Stratégie aérospatiale, 2013. 708 p. () Grégory BOUTHERIN, Emmanuel GOFFI (dir.). L'Europe et sa défense. Paris: Choiseul, 2011. 280 p. () Emmanuel GOFFI, Grégory BOUTHERIN (dir.). Les conflits et le droit. Paris: Choiseul, 2011. 200 p. () Selected articles and books chapters Les carnets du temps, No. 108, septembre 2014. p. 22-23.. Combattre à distance: le courage au centre du débat éthique. Revue Défense Nationale, No. 771, Juin 2014. p. 109-112. The Ibar Bridge Attack: A Moral Assessment. Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 12, No. 4, January 2014. p. 380-382. There is No Real Obligation to Obey Orders: Escaping from 'Low Cost Deontology'. In Andrea Ellner, Paul Robinson, David Whetham (Eds). When Soldiers Say No: Selective Conscientious Objection in the Modern Military. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2013. p. 43-68. Penser les ailes françaises, No. 29, December 2013. p. 28-37. Dynamiques internationales, 'Robots on the Battlefield: What does it mean for international relations?', No. 8, June 2013. In Sébastien MAZOYER, Jérôme LESPINOIS, Emmanuel GOFFI, Grégory BOUTHERIN, Christophe PAJON (coord.). Les drones aériens: passé, présent et avenir. Approche globale. Paris: La Documentation française, coll. Stratégie aérospatiale, 2013. p. 349-368. In Paolo TRIPODI, Carroll J. CONNELLEY (eds.). Aspects of Leadership: Ethics, Law and Spirituality. Quantico VA: Marine Corps University Press, 2012. p. 87-110. CRUSER News, issue 14, April 2012. In Grégory BOUTHERIN, Camille GRAND (dir.). Envol vers 2025. Réflexions prospectives sur la puissance aérospatiale. Paris: Documentation française, coll. Stratégie aérospatiale, 2011. p. 103-116. Emmanuel GOFFI, Grégory BOUTHERIN. Le droit des conflits armés à l'épreuve de la technologie. Défense & Sécurité Internationale, No 72, juillet-août 2011. p. 34-38. Expression libre. Inflexions. Civils et militaires : pouvoir dire, No. 22, 'Courage !' janvier2013. p. 119-127. Grégory BOUTHERIN, Emmanuel GOFFI. Les UAVs armés sous le feu des débats. Revue Défence Nationale, No. 735, décembre 2010. p. 114-120. Selected talks The Futility of the So-Called 'War on Terrorism. 18th Annual Graduate Strategic Studies Conference 'Strategy, Security, and Defence'. University of Calgary, Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies, Calgary AB, Canada, February 25, 2016. A French Perspective on Military Ethics. Unit Ethics Coordinator course. Canadian Forces Base, Winnipeg MB, Canada, February 6, 2016. Military drones: Who will be responsible for what?. Manitoba chapter of the Canadian Aviation Historical Society's Speaker Event 'Drone Technology'. Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada, Winnipeg MB, Canada, April 30, 2015. Moralité et drones armés: pour en finir avec une vision dépassée de la guerre. 6e Rencontre internationale Université-Défense 'Les drones: un outil incontournable, des questions légitimes'. Institut militaire de Québec/Université Laval, Québec QC, Canada, March 25, 2015. Le débat éthique sur l'emploi des drones armés et ses limites (lit. The ethical debate on the use of drones and its limits), Fondation pour la recherche stratégique, Maison de la Chimie, Paris, France, June 30, 2014. Round table L'Homme face à l'interconnexion des systèmes. 8e Rencontre Aviation Civile Aviation Militaire 'L'Homme et l'aéronautique: Regards croisés vers le futur', Direction générale de l'aviation civile, Paris, France, June 4, 2014. Drones, Robotics, Combat and the Ethics of Military Courage, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada. February 5, 2014. Quelle place pour l'éthique dans la guerre des drones? (lit. What place for ethics in drone warfare?), at ANAJ-IHEDN, France, January 2014 The Legitimacy of Warfare Fought by Robots: The Raise of A-Courageous Warriors, Autonomous, Unmanned Systems & Robotics Conference, Yes Planet Hall, Rishon LeZion, Israel. November 26–28, 2013. Re-Thinking Courage in Light of Military Technology Improvement, International Society for Military Ethics, 2013 Conference Military Virtues and Contemporary Challenges, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America. October 13–16, 2013. Lethal Autonomous Robotics and the Right to Life: Expert Consultation with the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. February 23, 2013. Challenging Self-sacrifice – Is Technology the Executioner of Warrior's Honor? 17th International Conference of the Society for Philosophy and Technology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA. May 26–29, 2011. Ethics and Technology in Modern Warfare: a Matter of Responsibility. International Society for Military Ethics, 2011 Symposium The Ethics of Emerging Military Technologies, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America. January 25–28, 2011. The Impact of Technology on Self Sacrifice in Modern Conflicts – Are Soldiers Still Ready to Die? Postgraduate Conference, King's College/Department of War Studies, Cumberland Lodge, Berkshire, UK. October 6–8, 2010. The False Debate over the Morality of Robots on the Battlefield – Rediscovering the Principle of Responsibility. Expert Workshop on Arms Control for Robots – International Committee for Robots Arms Control, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany. September 20–22, 2010. References External links Emmanuel Goffi on the ILERI website. Emmanuel Goffi's testimony. The Conversation, 16 septembre 2019. Une vie avant la recherche : un militaire face à l’éthique (lit. A life before research: a military man facing ethics). Sciences Po-CERI Emmanuel Goffi's personal webpage. Centre for Defence and Security Studies Emmanuel Goffi's personal webpage. Interview with Satgin Hamrah. E-International Relations, February 21, 2016. The impact drones on modern warfare, the centrality of the constructivist perspective, and the myth of ‘supreme sacrifice. Interview with Arnaud Decroix, ICI Radio-Canada, Les samedis du monde, November 21, 2015, 9:13am En quoi consiste la guerre contre le terrorisme ?. Interview with Martine Bordeleau. ICI Radio-Canada, 'Le 6 à 9', April 27, 2015, 8:18am. Conférence sur l'utilisation des drones. (lit. Conference on the use of drones). Interview with Catherine Lachaussée. ICI Radio-Canada, 'Radio-Canada cet après-midi', March 25, 2015, 3:37pm. Conférence sur les drones à l'Université Laval. (lit. Conference on drones at the Université Laval). Interview with Karine Morin. ICI Radio-Canada, 'Les samedis du monde', February 21, 2015, 10:12am. Les drones militaires changent la guerre. (lit. Drones are transforming war). Interview with Charles Adler, CJOB, 'The Charles Adler Show', February 3, 2015, 9:30am. Interview with Kim Roy-Grenier. ICI Radio-Canada, 'L'Actuel', January 30, 2015, 5:45pm. Les drones et le futur de la guerre. (lit. Drones and the future of warfare). Drones and the future of war. Interview with Terry McLeod. CBC, 'Weekend Morning Show', January 25, 2015, 7am. France Culture, 'Culturesmonde', June 18, 2014, 11am. Du mercenaire au hacker, les figures du guerrier moderne (3/4) - Robots, drones: le défi éthique de la guerre à distance. (lit. From the mercenary to the hacker, the figures of modern warriors (3/4) - Robots, drones: Challenges of warfare at a distance). Radio France internationale, 'Le débat du jour', April 28, 2014. Torture: peut-on transiger avec le droit pour obtenir du renseignement? (lit. Torture: can we compromise with the law to obtain information?) Agence France-Presse. Chemical weapons taboo since WWI horror deaths. Globalpost, August 28, 2013. Pierre Martinez, Frédéric Coste, Adeline Taravella. . IRSEM, EPS 2011-27, rapport final, 23 janvier 2012. (lit. Man-Robot Relationship, Taking into account the new sociological factors. Contains multiple references to Goffi's books.) Caroline Kennedy, Nicholas Rengger. The New Assassination Bureau: On the 'Robotic Turn' in Contemporary War. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs'', November 6, 2012. 1971 births 21st-century French philosophers French ethicists French Air and Space Force personnel French international relations scholars Canadian international relations scholars Living people French male non-fiction writers
41081598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel-e%20Sefid%20Rural%20District	Gel-e Sefid Rural District	Gel-e Sefid Rural District () is in the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 5,347 in 1,753 households. There were 2,776 inhabitants in 1,028 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 2,341 in 954 households. The largest of its four villages was Darya Kenar, with 830 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryasar%20Rural%20District	Daryasar Rural District	Daryasar Rural District () is in Kumeleh District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 10,508 in 3,049 households. There were 8,264 inhabitants in 2,705 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 8,638 in 3,133 households. The largest of its nine villages was Daryasar, with 2,940 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADSS%20%28company%29	ADSS (company)	ADS Securities LLC is a private financial services firm headquartered in Abu Dhabi that offers online trading, investment, wealth management and asset management services for institutional, private and retail clients. It provides foreign investment markets analysis on CNBC, Bloomberg, and CNBC Arabiya. Company ADS Securities LLC (“ADSS”) is authorised and regulated by the Securities and Commodities Authority (“SCA”) in the United Arab Emirates as a trading broker for Over the Counter (“OTC”) Derivatives contracts and foreign exchange spot markets. ADSS is a limited liability company incorporated under United Arab Emirates law. The company is registered with the Department of Economic Development of Abu Dhabi (No. 1190047). ADSS is the biggest foreign-exchange trader in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and serves central banks, asset managers, brokerage firms, and hedge funds. The firm was established with $400 million in capital under Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and began trading in March 2011. In 2016, the shareholders increased their capital investment with an additional $185 million to increase the total capitalization to $585 million by end of year. Services ADSS business areas include trading and brokerage based on its own multi-asset trading technology. The company also has a cross-asset investment service, investment banking division and it offers wealth and asset management services. The firm is known for its pricing of CFDs including a Dubai Oil CFD which gave Middle Eastern investors access to the local commodity for the first time. On 4 May 2016, the company announced the launch of an Arabic language trading application called OREX mobile. Regional Offices ADSS is based in Abu Dhabi and has two regional offices: ADSS London (ADS Securities London Limited) is authorized and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority (FRN 577453) and is an IFPRU 730K firm, with its registered office at 9th Floor, 125 Old Broad Street, London, EC2N 1AR, registration number: 07785265. ADSS Hong Kong (ADS Securities Hong Kong Limited) is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (CE No. AXC847) to act as a financial intermediary in the conduct of brokerage business for the sale and purchase of securities, futures contract, leveraged foreign exchange and advising on corporate finance as permitted in accordance with the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong. ADSS Hong Kong holds SFC type, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 licenses. Another wholly owned subsidiary of ADSS Group is ADS Investment Solutions. References External links Securities (finance) Companies based in Abu Dhabi Emirati companies established in 2011 Companies established in 2011 Financial services companies established in 2011 Financial services companies of the United Arab Emirates
41081611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moridan%20Rural%20District	Moridan Rural District	Moridan Rural District () is in Kumeleh District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 5,532 in 1,633 households. There were 5,399 inhabitants in 1,748 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 4,433 in 1,614 households. The largest of its 11 villages was Moridan, with 1,129 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081619	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guthrie%20Township	Guthrie Township	Guthrie Township may refer to the following townships in the United States: Guthrie Township, Lawrence County, Indiana Guthrie Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota Guthrie Township, Callaway County, Missouri
41081621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taenia%20hydatigena	Taenia hydatigena	Taenia hydatigena (thin-necked bladderworm, causative agent of cysticercosis) is one of the adult forms of the canine and feline tapeworm. This infection has a worldwide geographic distribution. Humans with taeniasis can infect other humans or animal intermediate hosts by eggs and gravid proglottids passed in the feces. Transmission Taenia hydatigena eggs can cause cysticercosis in humans. Intermediate hosts, which harbor the disease for a short period of time, include: sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, and deer. Definitive hosts, which harbor the parasite until it reaches maturity and during sexual reproduction, include dogs, foxes, and other canids. The cysticercus, the larval form, travels and persists in the liver for 18 – 30 days, then burrows out into the peritoneal cavity and attaches to the viscera. When the sheep viscera is scavenged and the scavenger ingests the cysticercus, the protoscolex attaches to the small intestinal wall and the worm begins to form proglottids. Gravid proglottids, containing the eggs, move from the end of the worm and leave the body in the feces. The prepatent period is about 51 days. Symptoms Like any other disease, the symptoms vary from its bodily location and when pertaining to the density of larvae. Many of the major symptoms are the result of inflammation during larval degeneration or a mass effect from the parasite. Neurocysticercosis is a serious form of cysticercosis. Common symptoms include chronic headaches and seizures. Other symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, vertigo, ataxia, confusion or other changes in mental health, behavioral abnormalities, progressive dementia, and focal neurologic signs. Diagnosis Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to identify cysticerci in the brain. An x-ray scan can detect calcified cysts all over the body. A biopsy can be used to look for subcutaneous nodules in the body. An ocular scan can be used to detect larvae in the eyes. (1) Prevention Cysticercosis is rare in the U.S. and most parts of Europe. It is primarily found in immigrant species, or species that have arrived from another country. The main objectives are as follows: to reduce the chances of becoming infected, and, if infected, to reduce the chances of the infection being transmitted. Educating the general public will help change how the disease is perceived. This could help people better understand risks and allow people to not live in fear of the disease. The high prevalence of some zoonotic helminths could indicate that humans in specific regions such as; the mediterranean area, south of the Sahara in the semi-arid areas of East Africa, South Africa, South America, East Europe and parts of China. These areas are at serious risk of transmission and, if all the preventive measures are not taken, the human infection may spread quickly. Preventive programs, such as elimination of the stray dogs from cities and rural regions, could be necessary in this instance. However, control of wild canids can be difficult, but there are other regulatory measures that can be applied to communities, such as health education and implementing strict regulations of livestock slaughtering in slaughter houses and farms, could reduce the risk of parasite transmission. In addition, it is important for public health authorities, pet owners, physicians and veterinarians in these regions to pay close attention to patients and to remain informed of any possible outbreaks and transmission. In a study conducted at Washington State University, the effects of heat treatment were analyzed on the young forms of Taenia hydatigena. They observed that when the eggs were treated at temperatures of 60 degrees C they did not establish in the hosts. This could be influential in future prevention methods. Treatment Cysticercosis can be treated using anthelmintic drugs (i.e. albendazole and praziquantel). Surgery might be required for cysticerci in the eye, cerebral ventricles, and spinal cord. Asymptomatic infections and calcified cysticerci probably will not require treatment. Fecal flotation may reveal eggs if a gravid proglottid has been broken in the feces. After the animal dies, a necropsy is performed to see if cysticerci are found in the abdominal cavity of sheep and goats. References External links Cestoda Foodborne illnesses Parasitic animals of mammals
41081622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%20Leyl%20Rural%20District	Lat Leyl Rural District	Lat Leyl Rural District () is in Otaqvar District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 5,119 in 1,356 households. There were 4,387 inhabitants in 1,368 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 4,039 in 1,454 households. The largest of its 48 villages was Lat Leyl, with 708 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081625	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaqvar%20Rural%20District	Otaqvar Rural District	Otaqvar Rural District () is in Otaqvar District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the National Census of 2006, its population was 8,487 in 2,314 households. There were 7,135 inhabitants in 2,260 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 6,797 in 2,461 households. The largest of its 96 villages was Kafsh Kal Mahalleh, with 471 people. References Langarud County Rural Districts of Gilan Province Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081627	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shields%3A%20B-sides	Shields: B-sides	Shields: B-Sides is a compilation mini-album by American indie rock band Grizzly Bear, released on November 11, 2013, on Warp Records. The release is available on 12" vinyl and on digital download, and features eight tracks, five of which were recorded during the same sessions that yielded the band's fourth studio album, Shields (2012). The tracks were also released simultaneously on an extended version of the full-length album, entitled Shields: Expanded. Alongside the five original tracks, the release includes remixes from Lindstrøm (a track that originally featured on the Record Store Day Release 'Brian Eno x Nicolas Jaar x Grizzly Bear'), Liars and Nicolas Jaar. Release The band announced the reissues on September 17 with a stream of "Will Calls", one of 5 new tracks taken from the recording sessions for the 'Shields' album. This was followed by another track "Listen and Wait" on October 30. Track listing Personnel Grizzly Bear Christopher Bear – drums, percussion, backing vocals, drum machine, lap steel, wurlitzer, synths Edward Droste – lead and backing vocals Daniel Rossen – lead and backing vocals, guitars, pianos, synths, cello, the wheel, horn and string arrangements Chris Taylor – bass guitar, backing vocals, synths, saxophones, clarinet, bass clarinet, flutes, drum machine, the wheel, horn and string arrangements Recording personnel Chris Taylor – producer, recording Michael Brauer – mixing Ryan Gilligan – engineer Yale Yng-Wong – assistant recording engineer Jake Aron – assistant recording engineer Bob Ludwig – mastering Artwork Richard Diebenkorn – art Ben Tousley – design, art direction References External links Shields: B-Sides at Warp 2013 compilation albums Grizzly Bear (band) albums Warp (record label) compilation albums
41081638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackleg%20%28potatoes%29	Blackleg (potatoes)	Blackleg is a plant disease of potato caused by pectolytic bacteria that can result in stunting, wilting, chlorosis of leaves, necrosis of several tissues, a decline in yield, and at times the death of the potato plant. The term "blackleg" originates from the typical blackening and decay of the lower stem portion, or "leg", of the plant. Blackleg in potatoes is most commonly caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum (older synonym: Erwinia carotovora subsp. astroseptica), a gram-negative, nonsporulating, facultative anaerobe that is also associated with soft rot of potatoes. While other bacterial species such as Pectobacterium carotovorum and Dickeya dadantii can exhibit symptoms similar to blackleg of potato, these pathogens exhibit broader host ranges, are present in different climates, and typically are more associated with soft rot diseases. Symptoms and signs Early blackleg symptoms develop in the growing season soon after the plants emerge. They are characterized by stunted, yellowish foliage that has a stiff, upright habit. The lower part of the below ground stem of such plants is dark brown to black in color and extensively decayed. When infected, the pith region of the stem is particularly susceptible to decay and may extend upward in the stem far beyond the tissue with externally visible symptoms. Young plants affected by blackleg are particularly susceptible, typically dying after a halt in development. Blackleg symptoms may develop in more mature plants during the later part of the growing season, and are distinguished from those that develop earlier in the season. Blackleg appears as a black discoloration of previously healthy stems, accompanied by a rapid wilting, and sometimes yellowing, of the leaves. Starting below ground, black discoloration moves up the stem, often until the entire stem is black and wilted. However, in some cases of early disease development, mature stems may turn yellow and wilt even before black decay is evident. However, after the entire stem exhibits disease symptoms, the wilted plant can be lost from view in the healthy potato plant canopy. Disease cycle A contaminated tuber can infect growing stems, or move into the vascular bundles of mature stems. Infected stems can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on environmental conditions, although the disease will remain and spread to other tubers on the same plant through the stolons. In the field or during storage, they can contaminate and infect healthy tubers through wounds introduced during harvesting or through lenticels, and may also be spread through insects, wind, and rain. An important insect vector is the seed corn maggot (Delia platura), which spreads the bacteria from diseased to healthy tissues. The bacteria are carried in the intestinal tracts of these insects, which spread the pathogen to healthy tissue by feeding on cut surfaces of healthy seed tissue. Another insect vector is the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). The pathogen will often survive in the infected tubers until the following planting season. Environment and biology The pathogen P. atrosepticum thrives in moist, cool conditions, typically causing symptoms at temperatures below . It is vulnerable to temperatures above and dry conditions, and thus survives best in potato tuber tissues, although it is known to survive in other plant tissues. Unlike other pectolytic bacteria, evidence shows that P. atrosepticum does not survive well in soil outside its host tissue. Disease symptoms are not necessarily uniformly exhibited from both shoots originating from a single tuber or in a field infested with P. atrosepticum. Additionally, presence of P. atrosepticum in the soil is not necessarily associated with disease symptoms. This is partly explained by the narrow environmental conditions needed for pathogenicity, although new findings in research are showing strong evidence of density dependent quorum sensing signals used by P. atrosepticum in exhibiting virulence. Management Cultural Blackleg of potato has been successfully managed primarily using cultural techniques. These techniques generally rely on sterile propagation techniques, using knowledge P. atrosepticum's narrow environmental range to control planting timing, removing infected tissues and plants during the growing season, reducing tuber harvest damage, and proper storage. See the sections below for more details. Sterile propagation Given that tubers are the primary mechanism by which P. atrosepticum survives and spreads, clean seed potato stocks established using tissue cultures have been very successful in breaking the cycle of carrying disease forward from year to year. Buildup of tuber contamination is limited by reducing the number of field generations of these seed potatoes to 5 to 7 years. Some methods of sterile propagation include planting only healthy, whole seed potatoes. If healthy seed potatoes are to be cut, they should be first warmed to , cut, stored for 2 days at in a humid environment with good air flow. This warming and storing period ensures proper suberization of the tissue, which forms a barrier from P. atrosepticum infestation. Planting conditions Given that P. atrosepticum thrives in cool, moist conditions, planting seed potatoes in well-drained soil after soil temperatures have increased well above is very important to halting the onset of the disease early in the plant life cycle, when the plant is more susceptible to the worst effects of the disease. Nutrition Increasing application of nitrogen or complete fertilizers have shown reduced incidence of blackleg stem infection. During the growing season Although there is a risk of spreading the disease pathogen through injury of healthy plants, if proper techniques are followed, rogueing out all parts of the blackleg-diseased plants can be a useful way to reduce soil inoculum. At harvest and during storage Given that P. atrosepticum survives best in the tubers and additionally contributes to soft rot, it is critically important to reduce spread of the pathogen by removing tubers exhibiting soft rot decay before they are spread over grading lines and bin pilers for storage. Reducing post-harvest wounding is also important, especially for seed potatoes. Additionally, it is critically important to keep the potatoes at a low temperature with adequate aeration and humidity control in order to minimize development of the pathogen in infested stocks. Biocontrol and plant resistance New research on P. atrosepticum virulence pathways has elucidated the use of quorum sensing molecules to exhibit pathogenicity. These pathways include the control of the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in addition to other virulence factors. Research indicating the role of other soil microbes in degrading P. atrosepticum quorum sensing communication molecules provides the possibility for safe and effective control of the disease. Plant defense mechanism studies on P. atrosepticum, used to better understand disease resistance, have focused more on the soft-rot symptoms that can sometimes be associated with P. atrosepticum. However, research is successfully identifying the quantity and type of plant resistance molecules that are produced in response to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and their effects on the activity and virulence of pathogens such as P. atrosepticum. Importance History The symptoms of Blackleg of Potato were first described in Germany between 1878 and 1900, but the descriptions were incomplete and cannot definitively be linked to the particular disease. The first complete descriptions of Blackleg in potatoes were formed between 1901 and 1917 by several different scientists. These descriptions consisted of many different names, such as Bacillus phytophthorus, Bacillus omnivorus, Bacillus oleraceae, Bacillus atrosepticus, Bacillus aroideae, Bacillus solanisaprus, and Bacillus melanogenes. Investigations between 1918 and 1958 confirmed that these bacteria were of a single species, and were officially appointed the name Pectobacterium carotovorum. A variety of Pectobacterium (P. carotovorum var. atrosepticum, which includes B. melanogenes and B. phytophthorus) can be differentiated from the rest, although it is considered the same species of bacteria. Although it was an important disease historically, Blackleg of potato is less of an issue today due to very successful results from changes in cultural practices regarding seed potato certification programs. As a major problem in wet, cool seasons and irrigated fields, historically it has more heavily impacted northern U.S. states with climates amenable to disease development, with disease incidence levels as high as 10%. In places like Scotland, it historically has had disease incidence levels of up to 30%. Victoria, Australia also had issues with this disease in the past. In terms of the impact of the disease on yields, one past study indicated that for every 1% increase in disease incidence, yields generally trended down at 0.8%. Resistance Given the success with cultural control practices in managing the disease, cultivars resistance is better characterized in the U.S. by susceptible varieties. Washington State University, which has posted a large comprehensive list of potato cultivars available in North America, only calls out two blackleg susceptible varieties: Monona and Superior. In the U.K., and more specifically in Scotland, where the disease has been an issue, they better characterize blackleg-resistant varieties. Varieties with resistance values of 6-9 on a scale of 1-9 include Avondale, Axona, Bonnie, Cara, Emma, Isle Of Jura, Orla, Osprey, Sarpo Mira, Saxon, Sebastian, Vales Sovereign. References Potato diseases Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
41081643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152d%20Depot%20Brigade%20%28United%20States%29	152d Depot Brigade (United States)	The 152d Depot Brigade was a training and receiving formation of the United States Army during World War I, and was successively commanded by Brigadier Generals George W. Read, John E. Woodward, George H. Estes, George D. Moore, Edward Sigerfoos, and William Jones Nicholson. History Secretary of War Newton Baker authorized Major General Franklin Bell to organize the 152d Depot Brigade, an element of the 77th Division (National Army). The brigade was later detached and placed directly under Camp Upton, New York, as an independent unit. The depot brigade filled two purposes: one was to act as a receiving unit for men sent to camps by local draft boards; the other was to train replacements for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). Irving Berlin wrote the musical revue "Yip Yip Yaphank", including the song "Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning" while assigned to a unit of the 152d Depot Brigade at Camp Upton in 1918. Purpose The role of depot brigades was to receive and organize recruits, provide them with uniforms, equipment and initial military training, and then send them to France to fight on the front lines. The depot brigades also received soldiers returning home at the end of the war and completed their out processing and discharges. Depot brigades were often organized, reorganized, and inactivated as requirements to receive and train troops rose and fell, and later ebbed and flowed during post-war demobilization. Depot brigades were organized into numbered battalions (1st Battalion, 2d Battalion, etc.), which in turn were organized into numbered companies. The major U.S. depot brigades organized for World War I, which remained active until after post-war demobilization included: 151st (Camp Devens); 152d (Camp Upton); 153d (Camp Dix); 154th (Camp Meade); 155th (Camp Lee); 156th (Camp Jackson); 157th (Camp Gordon); 158th (Camp Sherman); 159th (Camp Taylor); 160th (Camp Custer); 161st (Camp Grant); 162d (Camp Pike); 163d (Camp Dodge); 164th (Camp Funston); 165th (Camp Travis); 166th (Camp Lewis); and 167th (Camp McClellan). See also Formations of the United States Army during World War I Timeline of World War I United States home front during World War I Notes References 1917 establishments in New York (state) 1919 disestablishments in New York (state) Military units and formations established in 1917 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 United States Army depot brigades of World War I
41081684	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Viner%20Ellis	George Viner Ellis	George Viner Ellis FRS (25 September 1812 Minsterworth - 25 April 1900 Minsterworth) was Professor of Anatomy at University College London and one of the foremost anatomists of his time. George Viner was the second son of Viner Ellis of Duni House, Minsterworth, near Gloucester, his family having been landowners in the area for many years. His education was at the Crypt Grammar School from where he went to the Cathedral Grammar School, and later was apprenticed to a Dr Buchanan of Gloucester. His uncle, Daniel Ellis, a member of the Royal Society Edinburgh, suggested that he enrol as a medical student at the newly founded University College London. In his vacations he studied in Paris and attended lectures and worked at anatomy in Berlin. Ellis was Demonstrator of Anatomy under Professor Richard Quain, and succeeded him in the Chair of Anatomy in 1850, retiring as Emeritus Professor in 1877, but always aloof from the professional world. He was succeeded by Sir George Dancer Thane (1850-1930). Ellis was one of the great names of the world of anatomy in England, having given all his working life to the study and teaching of this discipline, and was held in the highest respect. His lectures were conscientiously precise and lucid, so that his students always paid close attention. In 1840 he published "Demonstrations of Anatomy: being a Guide to the Knowledge of the Human Body by Dissections", his name becoming a household word among medical students, and his work becoming the standard textbook in England and the United States. The 11th edition of his book was published in 1890. University College London in its first thirty-five years of existence, published an extraordinary number of anatomical atlases. Ellis carried on this tradition by collaborating with the South African natural history illustrator, George Henry Ford, to produce some of the best anatomical artwork ever published. They used the relatively new technique of chromolithography for their imperial folio atlas of fifty-eight plates, "Illustrations of Dissections in a Series of Original Coloured Plates the Size of Life". The plates were done between 1863 and 1867, with from four to seven completed each year. These plates are considered exceptionally clear and accurate, with an aesthetic depiction of the cadavers, printed by Mintern Bros., and published by James Walton. During Ellis' tenure the University College London was regarded as the pre-eminent centre for the study of anatomy, its spacious and well-lit dissecting room approved of by both staff and students. The College was fortunate in acquiring and retaining the services of an anatomist of Ellis' stature - his culture, zeal, and energy were legendary - receiving only a moderate salary and with no prospect of career improvement. In Ellis' day cadavers were not treated with any preservatives, so that they were often in an advanced state of putrefaction, limiting dissection to the winter months. Several times he acted as Examiner in Anatomy at the University of London, but declined to join the Court of Examiners of the Royal College of Surgeons. On his retirement Ellis came into a small fortune left him by a relative, built himself a house at Minsterworth, 'Severn Bank', and lived there quietly with his younger sister, devoting himself to gardening and apple-growing. He also ran night classes for the older boys of the parish. A few years before his death he became blind and was tended by his sister. "Ellis' muscle", the Corrugator cutis ani muscle, is named after him. Publications "Demonstrations of anatomy : being a guide to the knowledge of the human body by dissection" - George Viner Ellis (London : J. Walton, 1840) "Illustrations of dissections in a series of original coloured plates : the size of life, representing the dissection of the human body" - George Viner Ellis and G. H. Ford. (London : Walton, 1867) Ellis wrote the greater part of the description of the nerves in Sharpey's edition of Jones Quain's "Elements of Anatomy", 6th ed., 1856, and contributed several papers on scientific subjects to the London Medical Gazette. References External links English anatomists 1812 births 1900 deaths Alumni of University College London Academics of University College London People from Minsterworth
41081700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raab%20%28surname%29	Raab (surname)	Raab is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: Antoine Raab, German association footballer Antonius Raab, German aeroplane designer Ben Raab, comic book writer Chris Raab, MTV personality Dominic Raab, British politician Eleonore von Raab (1755 – ), Austrian collector of minerals Franz Anton von Raab (1722-1783), Austrian agrarian reformer Herbert Raab, Austrian software engineer and amateur astronomer Ignác Raab, Czech Jesuit brother and painter Jennifer Raab, president of Hunter College Julius Raab, Austrian politician Kurt Raab, German actor Leopold Friedrich Raab (1721–after 1786), German violinist and composer Marc Raab (born 1969), American football player Michael Raab (born 1982), American butterfly swimmer Rachel Raab, American photographer Selwyn Raab, American journalist and writer Stefan Raab (born 1966), German entertainer Susanne Raab (born 1984), Austrian politician William von Raab (1942–2019), American attorney German-language surnames Czech-language surnames Surnames from nicknames
41081707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.%20Bell%20%28lawyer%29	John C. Bell (lawyer)	John Cromwell Bell (October 3, 1861 – December 29, 1935) was a distinguished Pennsylvania lawyer, serving as a District Attorney for Philadelphia and state Attorney General. He was closely involved with football and his alma mater, the University of Pennsylvania. He served as director of Penn's athletic program, chairman of its football committee, and from 1911 onwards, was a trustee. He helped found the NCAA, and served on Intercollegiate Football Rules Committee, responsible for the many rules changes made in collegiate football in its early years. Personal life His family moved to Philadelphia when he was fourteen. Bell attended Central High, graduating in 1880 (with an A.B.) and then the University of Pennsylvania Law School, receiving an LL.B. in 1884. At Penn, he played halfback on the football team for three years. He married Fleurette de Benneville Keim Myers, daughter of Leonard Myers, a former Congressman, in 1890. They had two sons. The elder, John Cromwell, had a distinguished career as attorney, governor, and judge. The younger, de Benneville, known as Bert, had a distinguished career as football team owner and NFL commissioner. Fleurette died in 1916. Career Bell achieved prominence as an attorney very quickly, and he was noted for his corporate work. He was offered a judgeship, but declined. When in 1902 sitting Philadelphia District Attorney John Weaver won election as the city's mayor, Bell accepted the appointment to take his place, and then ran for and won a term on his own, but declined a renomination. As District Attorney, he was noted for enforcement of food purity laws. He gave the annual address before the Law Academy of Philadelphia: The Several Modes of Instituting Criminal Proceedings in Pennsylvania. An Address...before the Law Academy of Philadelphia, May 27, 1904. (Philadelphia, Dukes, 1904) that gave a useful detailed discussion of how a person might be indicted for criminal proceedings in early twentieth-century Philadelphia. In 1911, Governor John K. Tener appointed Bell as state Attorney General. Upon completing his term, Bell returned to private practice. Bell died of heart disease at his home in Philadelphia on December 29, 1935. Notes References Sources 1861 births 1935 deaths 19th-century players of American football American football halfbacks Penn Quakers football players Pennsylvania lawyers Pennsylvania Attorneys General District Attorneys of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni People from Indiana County, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Philadelphia Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni
41081714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%201999%20Pan%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20400%20metre%20freestyle	Swimming at the 1999 Pan American Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle	The women's 400 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 1999 Pan American Games took place on 4 August at the Pan Am Pool. The last Pan American Games champion was Brooke Bennett of US. This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool, with all eight being in the freestyle stroke. Results All times are in minutes and seconds. Heats The first round was held on August 4. B Final The B final was held on August 4. A Final The A final was held on August 4. References Swimming at the 1999 Pan American Games 1999 in women's swimming
41081735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OUBEY	OUBEY	OUBEY (1958–2004) was a visual artist. Life and work OUBEY attended the University of Karlsruhe from 1979 to 1983, where he studied architecture. Parallel to his studies, he developed his early works at this time. Inspired by Prof. Fritz Haller, who gained popularity by developing the modular furniture system USM Haller, OUBEY came into contact with visionary projects such as the planning of prototypical space colonies and the futuristic concept of a global city planning, named Integral Urban. The findings of these projects, along with his thinking, and his early-on interest for science, mathematics, philosophy, poetry, science fiction and arts form the mental background for OUBEYs artistic works. Before attending university, OUBEY already had begun to study space exploration, Newtons, Einsteins and Heisenbergs works in physics, the metaphysics of Leibniz, ancient Greek science, philosophy and arts, the geometric and musical theory of harmony, the poetry of Rilke, Celan and Trakl, as well as science fiction literature from Stansilaw Lem to Perry Rhodan. While studying the scientific work of Ilya Prigogine and his pioneering discoveries about complexity, irreversibility, chaos, order, and entropy, OUBEY found confirmation of his holistic view of the world and the cosmos. In 1983, OUBEY decided to live and work as a freelance artist. From 1987 to 2001, he worked in the former studio of Markus Lüpertz, where he created, amongst other works, his avant-garde computer paintings on the Amiga 500. He called them “PhotonPaintings”, and presented them 1992 in his first and very successful sales exhibition. Soon thereafter, he decided to retreat from the public, in order to work on his art independently for an indefinite period of time, as free as possible, far from any outside influence, and to only make a comeback when he thought the right time to do so had come. After moving to a new studio, OUBEY was able to consider a new public appearance for the first time again. When OUBEY died in a traffic accident in 2004, he was in the midst of preparing for this. During the limited time spent on his artistry, OUBEY had created a multifaceted portfolio of works, which includes over 1200 pieces of art. Through the MINDKISS project, initiated and directed by OUBEYs partner Dagmar Woyde-Koehler, these works are now posthumously made accessible to the public, step by step. Movies Further, the OUBEY Encounter film project plays its own role in the MINDKISS project, directed by OUBEYs partner, Dagmar Woyde-Koehler. Within the context of this project, she travels to various individuals, who are working professionally on the same subjects, share some of the same interests, or try to answer the same questions as OUBEY, presenting to them an original piece of OUBEYs art. This spontaneous encounter with one of OUBEYs pictures is documented on film and later presented online. To date, 21 of these short films have already been released on YouTube, as well as the OUBEY website. They open up very special, uncommon perspectives and views to OUBEY and his art, unlike the judgement of a traditional art expert. The following table shows an overview of the OUBEY Encounters. Exhibitions From 2012, the Global Encounter-Tour presented more of OUBEYs originals to a bigger audience at various places. First Stopover: October 2012“OUBEY - Visions: Through Art to science”. Symposium at the Goethe Institute, San Francisco in cooperation with the Academy of Arts University. Contributions by Dr. Seth Shostak, SETI Institute Mountain View/Nina McCurdy, University of Santa Cruz/Joe Betts-LaCroix, Health Salon Series San Francisco/Peter Erlenwein, author and sociologist. Second Stopover: March 2013“The Joy of Insight”. Keynote by Prof. Peter Kruse at the Direktorenhaus in Berlin. Third Stopover: November 2013“OUBEY – Art & Complexity”. OUBEY at Global Peter Drucker Forum 2013 in Vienna. Fourth Stopover: March 2014 “An Element of the Universal”. OUBEY at Te Kura Kaupapa Maori O Nga Mokopuna Maori school in Seatoun/Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand. Sixth Stopover: May 2015 “OUBEY MINDKISS 5th Anniversary Happening”. OUBEY at the Center for Art and Media, Germany. Seventh Stopover: December 2015 “Immediacy is Crucial”. OUBEY at the Nagandu International Academy of Art and Design (NIAAD) in Kampala, Uganda. Publications 1992: Mindkiss – The Photopainting, catalogue, ed. by Atelier O.U.B.E.Y (dt. and engl.). 2010: OUBEY Mindkiss, Deutscher Kunstverlag Berlin, ed. by Dagmar Woyde-Koehler, conception: Stefan Sagmeister, Dagmar Woyde-Koehler, . 2011: OUBEY 2011, ed. by Engelhardt & Bauer, conception and design: MAGMA Design. 2012: we and the arts, ed. by we_magazine. 2014: Wir haben uns erkannt, in: brand eins, No. 01/2014 Schwerpunkt: Originalität, p. 100 - 106. 2014: Dagmar Woyde-Koehler - „Es geht darum, das Universum, vielleicht auch die vielen Universen, zu erforschen.“, by Raphael Rusitzka, May 13, 2014, on: Galore Interviews Awards OUBEY Mindkiss 2010 red dot Design Award 2010 AIGA (American Institute of Graphic Arts) New York: 50 Books/50 Covers Award 2010 Communication Art: Award of Excellence OUBEY 2011 Gregor Calendar Award: Hauptpreis Gregor Award 2011 Type Directors Club New York: Certificate of Typographic Excellence Literature References External links Homepage 20th-century German painters 20th-century German male artists German male painters Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni 1958 births 2004 deaths 21st-century German painters 21st-century German male artists
41081738	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Austria	Leopold II, Duke of Austria	Leopold II, Duke of Austria (1328 – 10 August 1344), a member of the House of Habsburg, was the younger son of Duke Otto the Merry. Otto's first wife was Elizabeth of Bavaria, a daughter of Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria by his marriage to Jutta of Schweidnitz. They had two sons, Leopold and his brother Frederick III (1327–1344), and after their father's death in 1339 both were titular Dukes of Austria, but both died before coming of age. On 10 August 1344, at the age of sixteen, Leopold died suddenly. On 11 December 1344, four months later, his brother Frederick also died equally suddenly. In both cases, there were suspicions of poisoning. The beneficiary of their deaths was their uncle Albert II, Duke of Austria, the brother of Otto, who continued to rule Austria until his death in 1358. Ancestry Male-line family tree Notes 1328 births 1344 deaths 14th-century dukes of Austria Sons of monarchs
41081740	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20of%20the%20Fish	Head of the Fish	The Head Of The Fish Regatta is a rowing race held on the last weekend of October each year on Fish Creek, within Saratoga County, New York State. The race is named the "Head" of the Fish because it is a head race. The event is hosted by the Saratoga Rowing Association. The race is organized by volunteers. Tom Frost founded the regatta in 1986. The original vision for the regatta was one "that wouldn't take itself too seriously." Protests were forbidden and "timing errors were considered part of the regatta's charm." Winners are awarded lacquered fish heads. Notes Saratoga County, New York 1986 establishments in New York (state) Rowing competitions in the United States Head races Sports in Capital District (New York)
41081753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosin%20%28surname%29	Rosin (surname)	Rosin is a German surname and a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include: Carol Rosin (born 1944), American educator, author and aerospace executive Charles Rosin (born 1952), American screenwriter and television producer Daniel Rosin (born 1980), German footballer David Rosin (1823–1894), German Jewish theologian Dave Rosin (born 1981), Canadian musician Hanna Rosin, American journalist German-language surnames
41081759	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earhart%20Hall	Earhart Hall	Earhart Hall is one of the sixteen residential halls within Purdue University, located on 1275 First Street facing First Street Tower and behind Shreve Hall. It is officially named after the famous aviator Amelia Earhart. It is one of the many co-ed residence halls at Purdue. The official club of Earhart Hall is known as The Itasca Club, which was named after the ship that last heard from Amelia Earhart. History Earhart Hall opened in 1964. This building was constructed by Walter Scholer and Associates. Amelia Earhart first came to Purdue University when the campus had enrollment of only 4,700 students. Amelia joined the Purdue staff in 1936 and resided in a fully female residence hall which is now known as Duhme Hall in Windsor. She began her association with the University as a consultant in careers for women and as a technical advisor to the Department of Aeronautics. This 8 story residence hall was named after her. Amenities Earhart Hall is a fully air-conditioned residence hall that provides its residents with many services. Earhart is equipped with multiple study lounges throughout the building including one study room on each floor. The central connecting portion of the hall contains three lounges. One for quiet study, group meeting or recreational activities such as watching movies on the big screen. The main floor also has vending machines, microwaves, an ice machine, two kitchenettes and two computers with a printing station. It also has a grand piano in the formal main lounge. The main office is open 24 hours a day and provides a variety of student services. In the basement, there is a large laundry room with plenty of washers and dryers. There are also two lounges in the basement. One with a big TV and other one is a study lounge. The Itasca Club Named after the last ship that heard from Amelia Earhart, it is Earhart Hall’s official resident club. It is a student organization whose purpose is to encourage scholastic achievement and to promote different kinds of activities. The Club is also representative body that serves as the hall's student government. It provides many social and educational opportunities throughout the year, including paintball trips, a breakout bash and much more. The activities put on by the club are decided by the residents of the hall. There is also a large DVD library that is available to the residents of the hall that they can check-out for a day, free of charge. A pool table, ping pong table, air hockey and foosball are situated in the recreational lounge of the hall. Earhart Hall’s Dining Court Earhart Dining Court is open to all Purdue students, faculty, staff and visitors. Anyone can eat here using their using meal swipes, Dining Dollars, BoilerExpress, or credit card for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The dining court features stations such as Asian and Italian where students can create their own dishes, a salad bar and a pastry shop. It also has an On-The-Go station where students can pick up food to carry out during school days. References Purdue University buildings Buildings and structures in Tippecanoe County, Indiana University and college dormitories in the United States Residential buildings in Indiana
41081762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Minatel	Oliver Minatel	Oliver Thomal Minatel (born 29 August 1992), known as Oliver, is a Brazilian former professional footballer, who currently serves as the Head of Recruitment and Player Development for Canadian Premier League club Cavalry FC. Career Youth After spending five years at his home club Guarani, Mintatel joined the esteemed academy of Paulínia in 2007 where he would play three seasons in the Campeonato Paulista and featured in the Copa São Paulo. At Nacional, Minatel spent one year with their U-19 squad where he finished second on the team in scoring with 18 goals from 22 matches. Minatel made the move to Nacional after spending a year with the U-19 side of Dutch side PSV Eindhoven. PSV discovered Minatel while scouting players in the Copa São Paulo, the biggest U-19 National Tournament in the world. Nacional Minatel spent three seasons with Portuguese side C.D. Nacional that included two years in the Primeira Liga. Minatel became the youngest player in Nacional club history to start in an international match when he featured in their UEFA Europa League qualifier against Icelandic side Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar at 18 years of age. Velo Clube Minatel moved back to his native Brazil to Velo Clube, where he spent the majority of 2013, before signing with NASL club Ottawa Fury on November 14, 2013. Ottawa Fury Oliver would go on to be the club's leading scorer in 2014, scoring 7 goals in 22 league appearances. On 19 January 2015, he was re-signed by Ottawa for an additional year. In April 2015, Oliver made international news after being attacked by a fellow passenger while on an Air Canada flight from Toronto to Atlanta with his team for an away match against the Atlanta Silverbacks. He was uninjured and the perpetrator was taken into the custody of the FBI and local law enforcement in Atlanta. The unprovoked attacker had attempted to choke Oliver with a headphone cord from the seat behind, but was separated from him by Minatel's teammates and other passengers. Oliver finished the 2015 season with 3 goals in 25 appearances in all competitions. In December 2015, he was officially released by the club. Puerto Rico FC On March 10, 2016, Oliver was signed by NASL expansion team Puerto Rico FC. South Melbourne On February 13, 2018, Oliver joined the South Melbourne FC for the 2018 season. Throughout the later stages of the season, Oliver was utilised in a defensive midfield role in which he excelled despite playing out of position. He was pivotal in South Melbourne's survival against relegation. Cavalry FC Oliver returned to Canada in 2019, joining Cavalry FC ahead of the inaugural Canadian Premier League season. Oliver was Cavalry FC's first-ever non-Canadian signing. He cited the quality of life in Canada as a factor in his decision to return. He scored 8 goals in his first season with Cavalry as the team came very close to winning the championship. In December 2019, Cavalry announced Minatel would return to the club for the 2020 season. Unfortunately, he fractured both his tibia and his fibula in a match against York9, ending his season. He returned for the 2021 season, but was sidelined for most of the season due to his injury, only managing to appear in 3 matches at the end of the year. He departed the club following the 2021 season. York United Minatel remained signed with York United FC ahead of the 2022 Canadian Premier League season. After a number of injuries that limited his time with both Cavalry and York United, on October 11, 2022, Minatel announced his retirement from the professional game. After retirement Shortly after putting an end to his playing career, on February 8, 2023, Minatel was officially announced as the new Head of Recruitment and Player Development by his former club Cavalry FC. Career statistics . Honours Club Calvary FC Canadian Premier League Finals Runners-up: 2019 Canadian Premier League (Regular season): Champions: Spring 2019, Fall 2019 References External links 1992 births Living people Men's association football forwards Brazilian men's footballers Footballers from Campinas Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Canada Expatriate men's footballers in Puerto Rico Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Australia C.D. Nacional players Associação Esportiva Velo Clube Rioclarense players Ottawa Fury FC players Puerto Rico FC players Richmond Kickers players South Melbourne FC players Cavalry FC players York United FC players Primeira Liga players North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players USL Championship players Victorian Premier League players Canadian Premier League players Ligue1 Québec players
41081769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%20Buades	Abel Buades	Abel Buades Vendrell (born 11 July 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder, currently a manager. He amassed Segunda División totals of 143 games and 13 goals, over the course of six seasons. He appeared for Gimnàstic in La Liga, in a 20-year senior career. Playing career Born in Benimodo, Valencian Community, Buades spent his first four seasons as a senior representing CF Gandía, in Tercera División and Segunda División B. He then signed with Villarreal CF, being assigned to its farm team CD Onda and also loaned to Segunda División club Racing de Ferrol. In the following two seasons, Buades played in the third division with CD Calahorra and CD Castellón. In July 2003 he moved to Gimnàstic de Tarragona, being promoted to the second tier at the first attempt and contributing 26 matches in the process. In 2006 another promotion befell, with the player again as first choice. Buades made his La Liga debut on 27 August 2006, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against RCD Espanyol. He scored his first and only goal in the competition on 28 October, but in a 1–3 home loss to Real Madrid; the Catalans were ultimately relegated, but he had already left in the January transfer window to Cádiz CF in division two. Buades played in the second and third divisions until his retirement, with Gimnàstic, Alicante CF, UD Alzira, CD Toledo (two stints), Barakaldo CF and Arroyo CP. From 2009 to 2012, he suffered four consecutive team relegations. On 18 July 2014, at already 37, Buades moved back to the fourth tier, joining UD Almansa. He retired at the end of the season, after appearing sparingly. Coaching career Buades started his managerial career in 2016, with former club Alzira's youth setup. On 2 November of that year, he was appointed at UD Castellonense in the regional leagues. On 3 July 2018, Buades was named coach of CD Acero. References External links 1977 births Living people People from Ribera Alta (comarca) Footballers from the Province of Valencia Spanish men's footballers Men's association football midfielders La Liga players Segunda División players Segunda División B players Tercera División players CF Gandía players Racing de Ferrol footballers CD Calahorra players CD Castellón footballers Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers Cádiz CF players Alicante CF footballers UD Alzira footballers CD Toledo players Barakaldo CF footballers Spanish football managers Tercera División managers
41081783	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude%20Vuillemin	Jean-Claude Vuillemin	Jean-Claude Vuillemin (born 24 March 1954) is Liberal Arts Research Professor Emeritus of French literature in the Department of French and Francophone Studies at The Pennsylvania State University. Career The recipient in March 2011 of the prestigious PSU Class of 1933 Award for Distinction in the Humanities, JC Vuillemin pursues research in 17th-Century French Literature and Philosophy; Post-structuralism and Reception theories; Baroque Episteme; Semiotics of Drama; Theater and Performance Theories; Continental Philosophy and Contemporary French Literature. Inspired by the Foucaldian notion of épistémè, and by the "linguistic turn" combined to the "actor paradigm," JC Vuillemin has continually challenged the ideological perception of a "classical" France and advocated the pertinence of the Baroque as a pertinent concept to be applied not only to architecture and visual arts, but also to literature and philosophy. Although it may be argued that a major methodological interest of the Baroque hypothesis lies in its very imprecision, his book, Épistémè baroque: le mot et la chose (Hermann, 2013) provides a new theory for a concept which JC Vuillemin associates with the epistemological breakdown Europe experienced in the wake of the emergence of Modern science. As a conceptual framework in which poetics, politics, and epistemology interact, his conception of the Baroque is much less aesthetic than purposefully philosophical. According to JC Vuillemin, Sapere aude ('dare to know') should be the motto of the Baroque. JC Vuillemin collaborated to the first critical edition of Jean Rotrou’s complete theater (Belles-Lettres / Sorbonne-Paris-4, 1998-2019) and he published in 2017 an on-going annotated digital bibliography: Jean de Rotrou: bibliographie critique . Vuillemin collaborated as well to the first Dictionary of Seventeenth-Century French Philosophers (Thoemmes Press / CNRS; trans. for Classiques Garnier). In addition to his book on Baroque episteme, he wrote one book on Rotrou’s dramaturgy (Baroquisme et théâtralité), three critical editions of Rotrou's plays (L’Hypocondriaque; L’Innocente Infidélité; La Belle Alphrède), and he has authored many articles, book chapters, and reviews. He frequently lectures on both sides of the Atlantic. In his latest book, Foucault l'intempestif (Hermann, 2019), JC Vuillemin revisits and clarifies some key concepts of the so-called "pensée Foucault," and pleads for the emergence of a "post-Cartesian" subject whose discourse (logos) will be congruent with his or her actions (ergon). Bibliography Books Michel Foucault l'intempestif. Paris, Hermann, coll. "Philosophie", 2019 Jean de Rotrou: bibliographie critique. University Park, Penn State U. Open Publishing, 2017 Epistémè baroque: le mot et la chose. Paris, Hermann, coll. "Savoir Lettres", 2013 Jean Rotrou, La Belle Alphrède, in G. Forestier, éd., Théâtre complet de Jean Rotrou. Vol. 9. Paris, SDTF-Les Belles Lettres, 2008 Jean Rotrou, L’Innocente Infidélité, in Théâtre complet de Jean Rotrou. Vol. 7. Paris, SDTF-Les Belles Lettres, 2005 Jean Rotrou, L'Hypocondriaque ou Le Mort amoureux. Édition critique. Genève, Droz, collection Textes littéraires français, 1999 Esthétique baroque et imagination créatrice. Colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle. M. Kronegger et J-Cl. Vuillemin, éd., Tübingen, G. Narr Verlag, 1998 Baroquisme et théâtralité: le théâtre de Jean Rotrou. Paris-Seattle-Tübingen, PFSCL-Biblio 17, 1994. Selected articles "Souci de Moi, appropriation et réhabilitation," Alkemie. Revue semestrielle de littérature et philosophie, 29 (2022-1), 75-96. "Philosopher (d’) après Foucault," Philosophie, science et société,(2019): https://philosciences.com/philosophie-generale/la-philosophie-et-sa-critique/375-philosopher-foucault. "Vanités: une invitation à jouir et à se réjouir?,” Quêtes littéraires, 8 (2019), 9-20. "Épistémologie du regard au seuil de la modernité,”Europe, 96 (Mai 2018), 295-312. "Foucault archéologue: généalogie d'un concept," Implications Philosophique, (2017): http://www.implications-philosophiques.org/implications-epistemologiques/foucault-archeologue-genealogie-dun-concept/ "Le jeu et la jouissance: pour un ‘troisième temps’ du théâtre," Romance Notes, 56.2 (2016): 333-344. "Foucault et le classicisme: les œillères de l'histoire (littéraire), Fabula-LHT, 11, November 2013, "Pratique théorique et jouissance théâtrale," Poétique,174,2 (2013), pp. 189–213. "Réflexions sur l’épistémè foucaldienne," Cahiers philosophiques, 130 (2012), pp. 39–50. "Theatrum mundi: l’usage des mirages," Le Magazine Littéraire, 499 (2010), pp. 66–68. "Réflexions sur la réflexivité théâtrale," L’Annuaire théâtral, 45 (2010), pp. 119–136. "Theatrum mundi: désenchantement et appropriation," Poétique, 158 (2009), pp. 171–196. "Jean de Rotrou (1609-1650)," in M. de Boisdeffre, ed., Célébrations nationales 2009, Paris, Archives de France et Ministère de la Culture, 2009. "François Blondel," "Abraham Bosse," "Jean Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin," "Jean Racine," in Luc Foisneau, ed., Dictionary of Seventeenth-Century French Philosophers. 2 volumes, Londres et New York, Thoemmes Continuum, 2008. "Baroque: le mot et la chose," in Œuvres & Critiques. D. Scholl, ed., "La question du baroque," 32.2 (2007), pp. 13–21. "Jeux de théâtre et enjeu du regard," Littératures classiques. P. Pasquier ed., "Le théâtre de Rotrou," 63 (2007), pp. 239–249. "Tonner contre la tyrannie du verbe: spectacles baroques et discours classiques?," Études Épistémè, 9 (2006), pp. 307–329. "L’Œil de Galilée pour les yeux de Chimène: épistémologie du regard et la Querelle du Cid," Poétique, 142 (2005), pp. 153–168. "Le masque, la figure et le concombre: réflexions théâtrales," Littératures Classiques. H. Baby, ed., "Formes, genres, pratiques dramatiques au XVIIe siècle : la question du mineur," 51 (2004), pp. 69–89. "Stratégies et apories de l’éloquence sacrée: l’œuvre oratoire de Bossuet," in J.-Ph. Grosperrin, ed., Bossuet / Sermons. Anthologie critique. Paris, Klincksieck, 2002. "En finir avec Boileau... . Quelques réflexions sur l’enseignement du théâtre ‘classique’," Revue d’Histoire du Théâtre, 3 (2001), pp. 125-146. "Illusions comiques et dramaturgie baroque: Corneille, Rotrou et quelques autres," Papers on French Seventeenth-Century Literature, 28.55 (2001), pp. 307–325. "Baroque: pertinence ou obsolescence?," in R. Tobin, ed., Racine et/ou le classicisme. Tübingen, G Narr Verlag, 2001. "Littérature, esthétique et idéologie: la problématique baroque," Études Aveyronnaises (1999), pp. 203–222. References Notes Sources Venner, Camille (2013). "Une autre lecture du baroque" in La Quinzaine Littéraire, vol. 1089, p. 18. http://news.psu.edu/story/454963/2017/03/15/literary-arts/comprehensive-rotrou-bibliography-published-penn-state External links Directory entry for JEAN-CLAUDE VUILLEMIN at Penn State 21st-century American philosophers Continental philosophers French philosophers Pennsylvania State University faculty People from Rodez Living people 1954 births French male non-fiction writers
41081797	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Aliens	GURPS Aliens	GURPS Aliens is a sourcebook for GURPS published in 1990. Contents GURPS Aliens is a complete sourcebook on extraterrestrials, intended for use with GURPS Space, GURPS Horror, or GURPS Supers. GURPS Aliens is a GURPS supplement describing 28 alien races for use with GURPS Space, including the An Phar, "pig-like humanoids with a love of philosophy," the Banduch, "super-powerful psychic dinosaurs," and the Verms: "Their ambition is to eat the galaxy." Aliens came out before the more successful Fantasy Folk. The supplemental rules forming about a third of the book were largely outmoded by the revised edition of Supers. Publication history GURPS Aliens was written by Chris W. McCubbin with W.G. Armintrout, William A. Barton, Steve Jackson, Creede Lambard, and Sharleen Lambard, with a cover by Michael Whelan, and was published by Steve Jackson Games in 1990 as a 128-page book. GURPS Aliens requires the GURPS Basic Set to use. GURPS Aliens was one of several sourcebooks published to add to the background of the GURPS Space setting. Reception David L. Pulver reviewed GURPS Aliens for Challenge #49. Pulver comments in his conclusion: "GURPS Aliens''' imaginative array of extraterrestrial races coupled with its lucid organization makes it a pleasure to read and to use. I have no hesitation in giving it a whole-hearted recommendation, not only as an invaluable sourcebook for GURPS'', but as a useful source of ideas for any science-fiction RPG." References Aliens Science fiction role-playing game supplements Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1990
41081802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Venables%20Sr.	Robert Venables Sr.	Robert L. Venables Sr. (January 21, 1933 – December 18, 2021) was an American politician. He served as Democratic member of the Delaware Senate from 1989 to 2015, representing District 21. He graduated from Laurel High School. Venables died on December 18, 2021. Electoral history In 1988, Venables challenged incumbent Republican William Slatcher and won the general election by 93 votes with 5,033 votes total (50.5%) against Slatcher. In 1992, Venables was challenged by Slatcher for a rematch and won the general election with 7,595 votes (64%) against Slatcher. In 1994, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 5,299 votes. In 1998, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 6,142 votes. In 2002, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 7,756 votes. In 2004, Venables won the general election with 9,344 votes (59.6%) against Republican nominee Daniel Short. In 2008, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 12,603 votes. In 2012, Venables won the general election with 8,955 votes (55.9%) against Republican nominee Bryant Richardson and Libertarian candidate John Potter. In 2014, Venables was defeated by Republican Bryant Richardson in the general election. He won 4,514 votes (45.9%). References External links Official page at the Delaware General Assembly 1933 births 2021 deaths Democratic Party Delaware state senators People from Laurel, Delaware
41081805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Rogues	GURPS Rogues	GURPS Rogues is a sourcebook for GURPS, by Lynette Cowper. Contents Rogues is a template book, one of the last of the Third Edition products. It has a collection of shady characters including Sam Hill, a Willful Skeleton the player characters might run into poking around in the Old or Not-So-Old West. Publication history Reception References Rogues Role-playing game supplements introduced in 2003
41081814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala%20Salkuyeh	Bala Salkuyeh	Bala Salkuyeh (, also Romanized as Bālā Sālkūyeh; also known as Sālkūyeh and Sālkūyeh-ye Bālā) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 385, in 108 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryasar%2C%20Gilan	Daryasar, Gilan	Daryasar (, also Romanized as Daryāsar) is a village in Daryasar Rural District of Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,557 in 744 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,600 people in 851 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,940 people in 1,051 households. It was the largest village in its rural district. References Langarud County Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golab%20Mahalleh	Golab Mahalleh	Golab Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Golāb Maḩalleh; also known as Gulākmaḩalleh) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 370, in 100 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelidbar%2C%20Langarud	Kelidbar, Langarud	Kelidbar (, also Romanized as Kelīdbar and Kelīd Bor) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,993, in 553 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20Qazi%20Mahalleh	Pain Qazi Mahalleh	Pain Qazi Mahalleh (, also Romanized as Pā’īn Qāẕī Maḩalleh; also known as Qāẕī Maḩalleh-ye Pā’īn and Ya‘qūbīyeh) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. The village was called Payin Rudpass before the immigration of some Sayyid families from Ramsar to the region. At the 2006 census, its population was 736, in 201 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain%20Salkuyeh	Pain Salkuyeh	Salkuyeh (, also Romanized as Sālkūyeh; also known as Sālkūyeh ) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 825, in 249 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081822	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shad%20Kalayeh	Shad Kalayeh	Shad Kalayeh (, also Romanized as Shād Kalāyeh; also known as Shāh Kalāyeh) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,976, in 564 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigarud	Sigarud	Sigarud (, also Romanized as Sīgārūd and Sigarood) is a village in Daryasar Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 632, in 204 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081825	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle%20Crockett	Kyle Crockett	Kyle Richard Crockett (born December 15, 1991) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds. He attended the University of Virginia, where he played college baseball for the Virginia Cavaliers. Amateur career Crockett attended Poquoson High School in Poquoson, Virginia, and played for the school's baseball team as a teammate of Chad Pinder. In 2009 and 2010, Poquoson won consecutive AA Virginia High School League state championships. He had a 27–0 win‐loss record and was twice named Virginia's high school baseball player of the year. Crockett enrolled at the University of Virginia, where he played college baseball for the Virginia Cavaliers baseball team in the Atlantic Coast Conference. In three years at Virginia, Crockett had a 1.97 earned run average (ERA), and served as the team's closer in his junior year. In 2012, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Orleans Firebirds of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star. Professional career Cleveland Indians Before the 2013 Major League Baseball Draft, Baseball America rated Crockett as the 103rd best available prospect. The Cleveland Indians selected Crockett in the fourth round, with the 111th overall selection. He signed with Cleveland, forgoing his senior year at Virginia, for a $463,000 signing bonus. Crockett began his professional career in June 2013 with the Mahoning Valley Scrappers of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League. After pitching innings without allowing a run, he received a promotion to the Lake County Captains of the Class A Midwest League in July. The next month, after pitching in four games for Lake County, he was promoted to the Akron Aeros of the Class AA Eastern League. For the week ending September 3, Crockett was named the organization's minor league player of the week. Crockett pitched innings for Akron without allowing a run. Crockett only allowed one earned run in the 2013 season. The Indians assigned Crockett to Akron to start the 2014 season. After pitching to a 0.57 ERA in 15 appearances, they promoted him to the major leagues on May 16. He was the first player from the 2013 Major League Baseball Draft to reach the major leagues. Cincinnati Reds Crockett was designated for assignment on November 20, 2017, and claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Reds on November 27. He was non-tendered by the Reds and became a free agent on December 1. On December 4, Crockett signed a minor league contract with the Reds. He was promoted to the major leagues on June 21, 2018. He was designated for assignment on July 27, 2018. Crockett elected free agency on November 2. Oakland Athletics On November 26, 2018, Crockett signed a minor-league deal with the Oakland Athletics. He was released on March 19, 2019. Arizona Diamondbacks On December 13, 2019, Crockett signed a minor league deal with the Arizona Diamondbacks organization. Team Texas In July 2020, Crockett signed on to play for Team Texas of the Constellation Energy League (a makeshift 4-team independent league created as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic) for the 2020 season. Personal life Crockett's brother, Adam, also played for the Poquoson High School baseball team. References External links Living people 1991 births Sportspeople from Newport News, Virginia Baseball players from Virginia Major League Baseball pitchers Cleveland Indians players Cincinnati Reds players Virginia Cavaliers baseball players Orleans Firebirds players Mahoning Valley Scrappers players Lake County Captains players Akron Aeros players Akron RubberDucks players Columbus Clippers players Louisville Bats players Team Texas players
41081829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20Me%20Away%20%28Twenty%204%20Seven%20song%29	Take Me Away (Twenty 4 Seven song)	"Take Me Away" is a 1994 song recorded by Dutch group Twenty 4 Seven. It was released as the third single from their second album, Slave to the Music (1993). Unlike previous singles from the album, the song did not feature any raps. The single achieved success on the charts in Europe, but didn't perform on the charts in the US. ("Slave to the Music" and "Leave Them Alone" were their only minor hits there.) Chart performance "Take Me Away" was a major hit on the charts in Europe. It made it to the top 10 in both Iceland and Spain, peaking at number 10 in both countries. The single was a top 20 hit in Denmark, Finland, Germany and the Netherlands. In Germany, it spent 19 weeks inside the German Singles Chart. Additionally, "Take Me Away" reached the top 30 in Austria, Belgium and Sweden, as well as on the European Hot 100 Singles, where it hit number 25. In Switzerland, it was a top 40 hit. It didn't perform on the charts in the UK or the US. Music video A music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Fernando Garcia. It was shot in Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town in South Africa. Parts of the video has a sepia tone. It was uploaded to YouTube in April 2013. As of September 2020, the video has got more than 545,000 views. Track listing Vinyl 7" (Germany) - ZYX Music "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 Vinyl 12" (Germany) - ZYX Music "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (RVR Long Version) — 5:44 "Is It Love" (Ferry & Garnefski Club Mix) — 5:53 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 Vinyl 12" (Netherlands) - Indisc "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (RVR Long Version) — 5:44 "Is It Love" (Ferry & Garnefski Club Mix) — 5:53 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 CD single (Australia) - Possum "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 "Is It Love" (Ferry & Garnefski Club Mix) — 5:53 "Take Me Away" (RVR Long Version) — 5:44 CD single (Netherlands) - Indisc "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 CD maxi (Netherlands) - Indisc "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 "Is It Love" (Ferry & Garnefski Club Mix) — 5:53 "Take Me Away" (RVR Long Version) — 5:44 CD maxi (Germany) - ZYX Music "Take Me Away" (Single Mix) — 3:36 "Take Me Away" (E&M Club Mix) — 5:00 "Is It Love" (Ferry & Garnefski Club Mix) — 5:53 "Take Me Away" (RVR Long Version) — 5:44 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 1994 singles Twenty 4 Seven songs 1994 songs CNR Music singles ZYX Music singles Songs written by Ruud van Rijen
41081835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salkuyeh	Salkuyeh	Salkuyeh () may refer to: Bala Salkuyeh Pain Salkuyeh
41081842	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20UCI%20World%20Tour	2014 UCI World Tour	The 2014 UCI World Tour was the sixth edition of the ranking system launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009. The series started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 21 January, and concluded with the final stage of the Tour of Beijing on 14 October. After winning the 2008 UCI ProTour, Spain's Alejandro Valverde won his first World Tour individual points title, amassing 686 points over the course of the season. The rider finished 66 points clear of his closest rival and compatriot Alberto Contador of , while Australian rider Simon Gerrans was third for the team, but was over 200 points in arrears of Valverde. In the teams' rankings, finished top for the second year running, with a total of 1440 points. Second place went to the after taking overall victories in two of the season's last three races, while finished in third position. The nations' rankings was comfortably headed by Spain, with a points advantage of 764 over Italy. Teams The UCI ProTeams competed in the World Tour, with UCI Professional Continental teams, or national squads, able to enter at the discretion of the organisers of each event. Events All events from the 2013 UCI World Tour were included. Notes Final standings Individual Riders tied with the same number of points were classified by number of victories, then number of second places, third places, and so on, in World Tour events and stages. 236 riders scored points. 43 other riders finished in positions that would have earned them points, but they were ineligible as members of non-ProTour teams. Team Team rankings were calculated by adding the ranking points of the top five riders of a team in the table, plus points gained in the World Team Time Trial Championship (WTTT). Nation National rankings were calculated by adding the ranking points of the top five riders registered in a nation in the table. The national rankings were also used to determine how many riders a country could have in the World Championships. Riders from 34 countries scored points. Leader progress References External links UCI World Tour 2014 in men's road cycling
41081852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia%20pedunculata	Garcinia pedunculata	Garcinia pedunculata is an evergreen tree related to the purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The tree is endemic to the south-eastern regions of Asia such as parts of Myanmar, Bangladesh and north-eastern parts of India. It is popularly known in India as Amlavetasa, in Bangladesh as Thoikor or Taikor and in Assam as Bor Thekera(বৰ থেকেৰা ). Tree and fruit The tree has a fluted trunk with short spreading branches. Leaves are lanceolate with prominent midribs. Male flowers are light green in sparsely flowered panicles. The female flowers are solitary. The roundish fruit has a diameter ranging between 8 and 12 cm. It has a juicy interior with edible arils. Uses The ripe fruit is eaten cooked or raw. Usually the ripe or raw fruits are sliced, sun-dried and preserved. In the state of Assam the fruit is used in cooking to add a sour flavour. References See also Mangosteen Garcinia assamica Garcinia xanthochymus Garcinia cowa Garcinia lanceifolia Garcinia morella Fruit vegetables pedunculata
41081855	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelidbar	Kelidbar	Kelidbar or Kelid Bar or Kelid Bor () may refer to: Kelidbar, Langarud Kelid Bar, Sowme'eh Sara
41081864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqubiyeh	Yaqubiyeh	Yaqubiyeh (, also Romanized as Ya‘qūbīyeh; also known as Ya‘qūbīyeh-ye Chāh Kavīr) is a village in Dastgerdan Rural District, Dastgerdan District, Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 12 families. References Populated places in Tabas County
41081887	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odon%20device	Odon device	Odón device is a medical device that assists during a difficult birth. The device consists of a plastic sleeve that is inflated around the baby's head and is used to gently pull and ease the head of the infant through the birth canal. Need Worldwide, more than 13 million births each year face serious complications, and every day about 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth (about 300,000 annually). The use of forceps and other mechanical devices in the extraction of a baby in a difficult delivery can cause internal bleeding in the mother or may result in injuries to the baby's head or spine. The Odón device has the potential to allow for vaginal delivery in complicated pregnancies in which common medical practice would have led to a cesarean section, the use of forceps to extract the newborn or the use of a ventouse vacuum device that attaches suction cups directly to the baby's scalp. By reducing contact between the baby's skull and the birth canal, the risk of infection is also reduced. Conception The device was developed by Jorge Odón, a car mechanic from Lanús, Argentina who had seen a video describing a method to extract a loose cork from inside an empty wine bottle by inserting a plastic bag into the bottle, inflating the bag once it has enveloped the cork and then pulling out the inflated bag together with the cork. Odón conceived of the use of this same technique that evening in bed and spoke with an obstetrician who encouraged him to move ahead with the idea. The first model of the device was created by sewing a sleeve onto a cloth bag and was tested using a doll inserted into a glass jar to simulate the use of the device in the delivery process. In complicated deliveries, the device is positioned against the baby's scalp and the lubricated sleeve is gently inserted around the baby's head. Once a marker on the device indicates that it has been properly positioned, the sleeve's inner compartment is inflated, providing a strong grip on the baby's head. The inserter is taken away and the sleeve can be pulled with up to of force to pull out the head and allow for the delivery of the baby. Testing and development After further testing, Odón was introduced to the chief of obstetrics at a hospital in Buenos Aires who saw the benefit of the method and arranged to have the device tested more thoroughly at an Iowa laboratory that has simulators designed to model delivery methods more realistically. Safety testing had been performed on 20 women in Argentina, all of whom had previously given birth and were experiencing uncomplicated pregnancies, including a woman who was able to deliver a baby weighing with only two pushes. Further testing will be conducted on more than 250 women in China, India and South Africa, with a mix of pregnant women experiencing normal and complicated labor. Becton Dickinson has agreed to manufacture and distribute the unit and estimates that the Odón device could be constructed for $50 per unit, and it is expected that it could be used by midwives as well as obstetricians who would need minimal training to use the device effectively. The World Health Organization (WHO) offered favorable notices regarding the device, which was recognized for its "potential to save the lives of mothers and newborns at the time of birth". The WHO's Dr. Mario Merialdi called the device "exciting", saying that childbirth is an area that has had little recent progress. Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the WHO, described the device as "a low-cost simplified way to deliver babies, and protect mothers [that] promises to transfer life-saving capacity to rural health posts, which almost never have the facilities and staff to perform a C-section [as] the first simple new tool for assisted delivery since forceps and vacuum extractors were introduced centuries ago." References Argentine inventions Equipment used in childbirth Medical equipment Obstetrical procedures
41081888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadqansara	Dadqansara	Dadqansara (, also Romanized as Dādqānsarā) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 30 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajji%20Sara	Hajji Sara	Hajji Sara (, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Sarā) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 902, in 271 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia%20Gahan	Kia Gahan	Kia Gahan (, also Romanized as Kīā Gahān; also known as Kīā Kahān) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 822, in 216 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liarjdemeh	Liarjdemeh	Liarjdemeh (, also Romanized as Līārjdemeh) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 25 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liseh%20Rud	Liseh Rud	Liseh Rud (, also Romanized as Līseh Rūd and Līsehrūd) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 544, in 155 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasheh%2C%20Langarud	Lasheh, Langarud	Lasheh () is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 64 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moridan%2C%20Langarud	Moridan, Langarud	Moridan (, also Romanized as Morīdān) is a village in Moridan Rural District of Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,247 in 370 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,465 people in 449 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,129 people in 413 households. It was the largest village in its rural district. References Langarud County Populated places in Gilan Province Populated places in Langarud County
41081902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresh%20Kuh	Paresh Kuh	Paresh Kuh (, also Romanized as Paresh Kūh and Porshokooh) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,070, in 323 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siah%20Kord%20Gavabar	Siah Kord Gavabar	Siah Kord Gavabar (, also Romanized as Sīāh Kord Gavābar) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 39 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081908	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solush	Solush	Solush (, also Romanized as Solūsh) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 402, in 139 families. References Populated places in Langarud County
41081924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20sound%20localization	3D sound localization	3D sound localization refers to an acoustic technology that is used to locate the source of a sound in a three-dimensional space. The source location is usually determined by the direction of the incoming sound waves (horizontal and vertical angles) and the distance between the source and sensors. It involves the structure arrangement design of the sensors and signal processing techniques. Most mammals (including humans) use binaural hearing to localize sound, by comparing the information received from each ear in a complex process that involves a significant amount of synthesis. It is difficult to localize using monaural hearing, especially in 3D space. Technology Sound localization technology is used in some audio and acoustics fields, such as hearing aids, surveillance and navigation. Existing real-time passive sound localization systems are mainly based on the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) approach, limiting sound localization to two-dimensional space, and are not practical in noisy conditions. Applications Applications of sound source localization include sound source separation, sound source tracking, and speech enhancement. Sonar uses sound source localization techniques to identify the location of a target. 3D sound localization is also used for effective human-robot interaction. With the increasing demand for robotic hearing, some applications of 3D sound localization such as human-machine interface, handicapped aid, and military applications, are being explored. Cues for sound localization Localization cues are features that help localize sound. Cues for sound localization include binaural and monoaural cues. Monoaural cues can be obtained via spectral analysis and are generally used in vertical localization. Binaural cues are generated by the difference in hearing between the left and right ears. These differences include the interaural time difference (ITD) and the interaural intensity difference (IID). Binaural cues are used mostly for horizontal localization. How does one localize sound? The first clue our hearing uses is interaural time difference. Sound from a source directly in front of or behind us will arrive simultaneously at both ears. If the source moves to the left or right, our ears pick up the sound from the same source arriving at both ears - but with a certain delay. Another way of saying it could be, that the two ears pick up different phases of the same signal. Methods There are many different methods of 3D sound localization. For instance: Different types of sensor structure, such as microphone array and binaural hearing robot head. Different techniques for optimal results, such as neural network, maximum likelihood and Multiple signal classification (MUSIC). Real-time methods using an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) array Scanning techniques Offline methods (according to timeliness) Microphone Array Approach Steered Beamformer Approach This approach utilizes eight microphones combined with a steered beamformer enhanced by the Reliability Weighted Phase Transform (RWPHAT). The final results are filtered through a particle filter that tracks sources and prevents false directions. The motivation of using this method is that based on previous research. This method is used for multiple sound source tracking and localizing despite soundtracking and localization only apply for a single sound source. Beamformer-based Sound Localization To maximize the output energy of a delay-and-sum beamformer in order to find the maximum value of the output of a beamformer steered in all possible directions. Using the Reliability Weighted Phase Transform (RWPHAT) method, The output energy of M-microphone delay-and-sum beamformer is Where E indicates the energy, and K is a constant, is the microphone pairs cross-correlation defined by Reliability Weighted Phase Transform: the weighted factor reflect the reliability of each frequency component, and defined as the Wiener Filter gain , where is an estimate of a prior SNR at microphone, at time frame , for frequency , computed using the decision-directed approach. The is the signal from microphone and is the delay of arrival for that microphone. The more specific procedure of this method is proposed by Valin and Michaud The advantage of this method is that it detects the direction of the sound and derives the distance of sound sources. The main drawback of the beamforming approach is the imperfect nature of sound localization accuracy and capability, versus the neural network approach, which uses moving speakers. Collocated Microphone Array Approach This method relates to the technique of Real-Time sound localization utilizing an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) array, which measures all three components of the acoustic particle velocity, as well as the sound pressure, unlike conventional acoustic sensor arrays that only utilize the pressure information and delays in the propagating acoustic field. Exploiting this extra information, AVS arrays are able to significantly improve the accuracy of source localization. Acoustic Vector Array • Contains three orthogonally placed acoustic particle velocity sensors (shown as X, Y and Z array) and one omnidirectional acoustic microphone (O). • Commonly used both in air and underwater. • Can be used in combination with the Offline Calibration Process to measure and interpolate the impulse response of X, Y, Z and O arrays, to obtain their steering vector. A sound signal is first windowed using a rectangular window, then each resulting segment signal is created as a frame. 4 parallel frames are detected from XYZO array and used for DOA estimation. The 4 frames are split into small blocks with equal size, then the Hamming window and FFT are used to convert each block from a time domain to a frequency domain. Then the output of this system is represented by a horizontal angle and a vertical angle of the sound sources which is found by the peak in the combined 3D spatial spectrum. The advantages of this array, compared with past microphone array, are that this device has a high performance even if the aperture is small, and it can localize multiple low frequency and high frequency wide band sound sources simultaneously. Applying an O array can make more available acoustic information, such as amplitude and time difference. Most importantly, XYZO array has a better performance with a tiny size. The AVS is one kind of collocated multiple microphone array, it makes use of a multiple microphone array approach for estimating the sound directions by multiple arrays and then finds the locations by using reflection information such as where the direction is detected where different arrays cross. Motivation of the Advanced Microphone array Sound reflections always occur in an actual environment and microphone arrays cannot avoid observing those reflections. This multiple array approach was tested using fixed arrays in the ceiling; the performance of the moving scenario still need to be tested. Learning how to apply Multiple Microphone Array Angle uncertainty (AU) will occur when estimating direction, and position uncertainty (PU) will also aggravate with increasing distance between the array and the source. We know that: Where r is the distance between array center to source, and AU is angle uncertainly. Measurement is used for judging whether two directions cross at some location or not. Minimum distance between two lines: whereand are two directions, are vectors parallel to detected direction, and are the position of arrays. If Two lines are judged as crossing. When two lines are crossing, we can compute the sound source location using the following: is the estimation of sound source position, is the position where each direction intersect the line with minimum distance, and is the weighted factors. As the weighting factor , we determined use or from the array to the line with minimum distance. Scanning Techniques Scan-based techniques are a powerful tool for localizing and visualizing time-stationary sound sources, as they only require the use of a single sensor and a position tracking system. One popular method for achieving this is through the use of an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS), also known as a 3D Sound Intensity Probe, in combination with a 3D tracker. The measurement procedure involves manually moving the AVS sensor around the sound source while a stereo camera is used to extract the instantaneous position of the sensor in three-dimensional space. The recorded signals are then split into multiple segments and assigned to a set of positions using a spatial discretization algorithm. This allows for the computation of a vector representation of the acoustic variations across the sound field, using combinations of the sound pressure and the three orthogonal acoustic particle velocities. The results of the AVS analysis can be presented over a 3D sketch of the tested object, providing a visual representation of the sound distribution around a 3D mesh of the object or environment. This can be useful for localizing sound sources in a variety of fields, such as architectural acoustics, noise control, and audio engineering, as it allows for a detailed understanding of the sound distribution and its interactions with the surrounding environment. Learning method for binaural hearing Binaural hearing learning is a bionic method. The sensor is a robot dummy head with 2 sensor microphones along with the artificial pinna (reflector). The robot head has 2 rotation axes and can rotate horizontally and vertically. The reflector causes the spectrum change into a certain pattern for incoming white noise sound wave and this pattern is used for the cue of the vertical localization. The cue for horizontal localization is ITD. The system makes use of a learning process using neural networks by rotating the head with a settled white noise sound source and analyzing the spectrum. Experiments show that the system can identify the direction of the source well in a certain range of angle of arrival. It cannot identify the sound coming outside the range due to the collapsed spectrum pattern of the reflector. Binaural hearing use only 2 microphones and is capable of concentrating on one source among multiple sources of noises. Head-related Transfer Function (HRTF) In the real sound localization, the robot head and the torso play a functional role, in addition to the two pinnae. This functions as spatial linear filtering and the filtering is always quantified in terms of Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF). HRTF also uses the robot head sensor, which is the binaural hearing model. The HRTF can be derived based on various cues for localization. Sound localization with HRTF is filtering the input signal with a filter which is designed based on the HRTF. Instead of using the neural networks, a head-related transfer function is used and the localization is based on a simple correlation approach. See more: Head-related transfer function. Cross-power spectrum phase (CSP) analysis CSP method is also used for the binaural model. The idea is that the angle of arrival can be derived through the time delay of arrival (TDOA) between two microphones, and TDOA can be estimated by finding the maximum coefficients of CSP. CSP coefficients are derived by: Where and are signals entering the microphone and respectively Time delay of arrival() then can be estimated by: Sound source direction is Where is the sound propagation speed, is the sampling frequency and is the distance with maximum time delay between 2 microphones. CPS method does not require the system impulse response data that HRTF needs. An expectation-maximization algorithm is also used for localizing several sound sources and reduce the localization errors. The system is capable of identifying several moving sound source using only two microphones. 2D sensor line array In order to estimate the location of a source in 3D space, two line sensor arrays can be placed horizontally and vertically. An example is a 2D line array used for underwater source localization. By processing the data from two arrays using the maximum likelihood method, the direction, range and depth of the source can be identified simultaneously. Unlike the binaural hearing model, this method is similar to the spectral analysis method. The method can be used to localize a distant source. Self-rotating Bi-Microphone Array The rotation of the two-microphone array (also referred as bi-microphone array ) leads to a sinusoidal inter-channel time difference (ICTD) signal for a stationary sound source present in a 3D environment. The phase shift of the resulting sinusoidal signal can be directly mapped to the azimuth angle of the sound source, and the amplitude of the ICTD signal can be represented as a function of the elevation angle of the sound source and the distance between the two microphones. In the case of multiple sources, the ICTD signal has data points forming multiple discontinuous sinusoidal waveforms. Machine learning techniques such as Random sample consensus (RANSAC) and Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) can be applied to identify phase shifts (mapping to azimuths) and amplitudes (mapping to elevations) of each discontinuous sinusoidal waveform in the ICTD signal. Hierarchical Fuzzy Artificial Neural Networks Approach The Hierarchical Fuzzy Artificial Neural Networks Approach sound localization system was modeled on biologically binaural sound localization. Some primitive animals with two ears and small brains can perceive 3D space and process sounds, although the process is not fully understood. Some animals experience difficulty in 3D sound location due to small head size. Additionally, the wavelength of communication sound may be much larger than their head diameter, as is the case with frogs. Based on previous binaural sound localization methods, a hierarchical fuzzy artificial neural network system combines interaural time difference(ITD-based) and interaural intensity difference(IID-based) sound localization methods for higher accuracy that is similar to that of humans. Hierarchical Fuzzy Artificial Neural Networks were used with the goal of the same sound localization accuracy as human ears. IID-based or ITD-based sound localization methods have a main problem called Front-back confusion. In this sound localization based on a hierarchical neural network system, to solve this issue, an IID estimation is with ITD estimation. This system was used for broadband sounds and be deployed for non-stationary scenarios. 3D sound localization for monaural sound source Typically, sound localization is performed by using two (or more) microphones. By using the difference of arrival times of a sound at the two microphones, one can mathematically estimate the direction of the sound source. However, the accuracy with which an array of microphones can localize a sound (using Interaural time difference) is fundamentally limited by the physical size of the array. If the array is too small, then the microphones are spaced too closely together so that they all record essentially the same sound (with ITF near zero), making it extremely difficult to estimate the orientation. Thus, it is not uncommon for microphone arrays to range from tens of centimeters in length (for desktop applications) to many tens of meters in length (for underwater localization). However, microphone arrays of this size then become impractical to use on small robots. even for large robots, such microphone arrays can be cumbersome to mount and to maneuver. In contrast, the ability to localize sound using a single microphone (which can be made extremely small) holds the potential of significantly more compact, as well as lower cost and power, devices for localization. Conventional HRTF approach A general way to implement 3d sound localization is to use the HRTF(Head-related transfer function). First, compute HRTFs for the 3D sound localization, by formulating two equations; one represents the signal of a given sound source and the other indicates the signal output from the robot head microphones for the sound transferred from the source. Monaural input data are processed by these HRTFs, and the results are output from stereo headphones. The disadvantage of this method is that many parametric operations are necessary for the whole set of filters to realize the 3D sound localization, resulting in high computational complexity. DSP implementation of 3D sound localization A DSP-based implementation of a realtime 3D sound localization approach with the use of an embedded DSP can reduce the computational complexity As shown in the figure, the implementation procedure of this realtime algorithm is divided into three phases, (i) Frequency Division, (ii) Sound Localization, and (iii) Mixing. In the case of 3D sound localization for a monaural sound source, the audio input data are divided into two: left and right channels and the audio input data in time series are processed one after another. A distinctive feature of this approach is that the audible frequency band is divided into three so that a distinct procedure of 3D sound localization can be exploited for each of the three subbands. Single microphone approach Monaural localization is made possible by the structure of the pinna (outer ear), which modifies the sound in a way that is dependent on its incident angle. A machine learning approach is adapted for monaural localization using only a single microphone and an “artificial pinna” (that distorts sound in a direction-dependent way). The approach models the typical distribution of natural and artificial sounds, as well as the direction-dependent changes to sounds induced by the pinna. The experimental results also show that the algorithm is able to fairly accurately localize a wide range of sounds, such as human speech, dog barking, waterfall, thunder, and so on. In contrast to microphone arrays, this approach also offers the potential of significantly more compact, as well as lower cost and power, devices for sound localization. See also 3D sound reconstruction Acoustic source localization Binaural recording Head-related transfer function Perceptual-based 3D sound localization Sound localization Vertical sound localization References External links 3-D Localization of Virtual Sound Sources 3-D Acoustic Vector Sensor (air) Acoustics Hearing
41081929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moridan	Moridan	Moridan () may refer to: Moridan, Langarud, Gilan Province Moridan, Rasht, Gilan Province Moridan Rural District, in Gilan Province
41081945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwe%27e	Dwe'e	Dwe'e may refer to: Dwe'e people, an ethnic group of southeastern Cameroon Dwe'e language, the language of the Dwe'e and Nzime people
41081948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20German%20painters	List of German painters	This is a list of German painters. A Hans von Aachen (1552–1615) Aatifi (born 1965) Karl Abt (1899–1985) Tomma Abts (born 1967) Andreas Achenbach (1815–1910) Oswald Achenbach (1827–1905) Herbert Achternbusch (1938–2022) Franz Ackermann (born 1963) Johann Adam Ackermann (1780–1853) Max Ackermann (1887–1975) Otto Ackermann (1872–1953) Albrecht Adam (1786–1862) Benno Adam (1812–1892) Emil Adam (1843–1924) Eugen Adam (1817–1880) Franz Adam (1815–1886) Heinrich Adam (1787–1862) Luitpold Adam (1888–1950) Jankel Adler (1895–1949) Salomon Adler (1630–1709) Christoph Ludwig Agricola (1667–1719) Karl Agricola (1779–1852) August Ahlborn (1796–1857) Erwin Aichele (1887–1974) Wolfram Aichele (1924–2016) Max Ainmiller (1807–1870) Josef Albers (1888–1976) Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath (1775–1844) William Alexander (1915–1997) Christian Wilhelm Allers (1857–1915) Jakob Alt (1789–1872) Theodor Alt (1846–1937) Albrecht Altdorfer (c 1480–1538) Kai Althoff (born 1966) Karl Altmann (1802–1861) Hans am Ende (1864–1918) Christoph Amberger (1505–1562) Heinrich Amersdorffer (1905–1986) Tobias Andreae (1823–1873) Peter Angermann (born 1945) Hermann Anschütz (1802–1880) Horst Antes (born 1936) Karl von Appen (1900–1981) Joseph Ignaz Appiani (1706–1785) Clara Arnheim (1865–1942) Johann Samuel Arnhold (1766–1828) Ferdinand von Arnim (1814–1866) Heinrich Gotthold Arnold (1785–1854) Ulrike Arnold (born 1950) Carl Arp (1867–1913) Hans Arp (1886–1966) Otto Arpke (1886–1943) Isidor Ascheim (1891–1968) Hans Aschenborn (1888–1931) Fritz Ascher (1893–1970) Louis Asher (1804–1878) Frank Auerbach (born 1931) B Johannes Theodor Baargeld (1892–1927) Johanna Juliana Friederike Bacciarelli (1733–1809 or later) Elvira Bach (born 1951) Johann Sebastian Bach (1748–1778) Karl Daniel Friedrich Bach (1756–1829) Carola Baer-von Mathes (1857–1940) Emanuel Bachrach-Barée (1863–1943) Johann Daniel Bager (1734–1815) Johann Karl Bähr (1801–1869) Theodor Baierl (1881–1932) Hans Baldung (c. 1484–1545) Jan Balet (1913–2009) Karl Ballenberger (1801–1860) Hans Baluschek (1870–1935) Fritz Bamberger (1814–1873) Ernst von Bandel (1800–1876) Caroline Bardua (1781–1864) Eduard Bargheer (1901–1979) Hans von Bartels (1856–1913) Emil Bartoschek (1899–1969) Georg Baselitz (born 1938) Emil Bauch (1823–c. 1874) Jeanna Bauck (1840–1926) Michael Bauer (born 1973) Rudolf Bauer (1889–1953) Gustav Bauernfeind (1848–1904) Paul Baum (1859–1932) Willi Baumeister (1889–1955) Karin Baumeister-Rehm (born 1971) Tilo Baumgartel (born 1972) Armin Baumgarten (born 1967) Bodo Baumgarten (born 1940) Johann Wilhelm Baur (1607–1640) August von Bayer (1803–1875) Thommie Bayer (born 1953) Alf Bayrle (1900–1982) Fritz Beblo (1872–1947) August Becker (1821–1887) Ferdinand Becker (1846–1877) Hermann Heinrich Becker (1817–1885) Jakob Becker (1810–1872) Ludwig Hugo Becker (1834–1868) Philipp Jakob Becker (1763–1829) Max Beckmann (1884–1950) Karl Becker (1820–1900) Benedikt Beckenkamp (1747–1828) René Beeh (1886−1922) Josef Konstantin Beer (1862–1933) Adalbert Begas (1836–1888) Carl Joseph Begas (1794–1854) Luise Begas-Parmentier (1843–1920) Oskar Begas (1828–1883) Akbar Behkalam (born 1944) Franz Joachim Beich (1666–1748) Johannes Beilharz (born 1956) Gisela Beker (born 1932) Hans Bellmer (1920–1975) Eduard Bendemann (1811–1889) Amalie Bensinger (1809–1889) William Berczy (1744–1813) Charlotte Berend-Corinth (1880–1967) Josefa Berens-Totenohl (1891–1969) Rudolf Bergander (1909–1970) Claus Bergen (1885–1964) Georg Bergmann (1821–1870) Johann Martin Bernatz (1802–1878) Meister Bertram (c. 1345–c. 1415) Johann Wilhelm Beyer (1725–1796) Robert Beyschlag (1838-1903) Hanna Bieber-Böhm (1851–1910) Adolf Bierbrauer (1915–2012) Karl Eduard Biermann (1803–1892) Peter Binoit (c. 1590–1632) Norbert Bisky (born 1970) Carl Blechen (1798–1840) Georg Bleibtreu (1828–1892) Fritz Bleyl (1880–1966) Anna Katharina Block (1642–1719) Benjamin von Block (1631–1690) Josef Block (1863–1943) Hugo von Blomberg (1820–1871) Oscar Bluemner (1867–1938) Gregor von Bochmann (1850–1930) Arnold Bode (1900–1977) Leopold Bode (1831–1906) Gottlieb Bodmer (1804–1837) Arvid Boecker (born 1964) Pedro Boese (born 1972) Corbinian Böhm (born 1966) Hans Bohrdt (1857–1945) Christian Ludwig Bokelmann (1844–1894) Hanns Bolz (1885–1918) Friedrich von Bömches (1916–2010) Paula Bonte (1840–1902) Hinrik Bornemann (c. 1450–1499) Friedrich Boser (1811–1881) Harald Julius von Bosse (1812–1894) Otto Richard Bossert (1874–1919) Eberhard Bosslet (born 1953) Friedrich August Bouterwek (1806–1867) Anton Braith (1836–1905) August von Brandis (1859–1947) Martin Brandenburg (1870–1919) Heinrich Brandes (1803–1868) Marianne Brandt (1893–1983) Louis Braun (1836–1916) VG Braun-Dusemond (1919–1998) Rudolf Bredow (1909–1973) Ferdinand Max Bredt (1860–1921) K.P. Brehmer (1938–1997) Carl Breitbach (1833–1904) Heinrich Breling (1849–1914) Albert Heinrich Brendel (1827–1895) Louise Catherine Breslau (1856–1927) Johann Michael Bretschneider (1680–1729) Philipp Hieronymus Brinckmann (1709–1760) Gottfried Brockmann (1903–1983) Heinrich Brocksieper (1898–1968) Christian Brod (1917–2012) August Bromeis (1813–1881) Franz Bronstert (1895–1967) Wilhelm Brücke (1800–1874) Alexander Bruckmann (1806–1852) Ferdinand Brütt (1849–1936) Christoph Brüx (born 1965) Lothar-Günther Buchheim (1918–2007) Carl Buchheister (1890–1964) Erich Buchholz (1891–1972) Ludwig Buchhorn (1770–1856) Elisabeth Büchsel (1867–1957) Heinz Budweg (born 1940) Karl Albert Buehr (1866–1952) Franz Bunke (1857–1939) Anton Burger (1824–1905) Ludwig Burger (1825–1884) Jonas Burgert (born 1969) Heinrich Bürkel (1802–1869) Peter Burnitz (1824–1886) Friedrich Bury (1763–1823) Wilhelm Busch (1832–1908) Georg Heinrich Busse (1810–1868) Michael Buthe (1944–1994) Bernhard Buttersack (1858–1925) Erich Büttner (1889–1936) André Butzer (born 1973) C Daniel Caffé (1750–1815) Heinrich Campendonk (1889–1957) Wilhelm Camphausen (1818–1885) Peter Candid (c. 1548–1628) Johann Hermann Carmiencke (1810–1867) Carl Gustav Carus (1789–1869) Peter Caulitz (c.1650–1719) Ludwig Choris (1795–1828) Philipp Christfeld (1796/97–1874) Kiddy Citny (born 1957) Lorenz Clasen (1812–1899) Gustav Adolf Closs (1864–1938) Ferdinand Collmann (1762–1837) Edward Harrison Compton (1881–1960) Edward Theodore Compton (1849–1921) Carl Conjola (1773–1831) Carl Emanuel Conrad (1810–1873) Johann Wilhelm Cordes (1824–1869) Lovis Corinth (1858–1925) Peter von Cornelius (1784–1867) Erich Correns (1821–1877) Helene Cramer (1844–1916) Molly Cramer (1852–1936) Augustin Cranach (1554–1595) Lucas Cranach the Elder (c. 1472–1553) Lucas Cranach the Younger (1515–1586) Georg Heinrich Crola (1804–1879) D Eduard Daege (1805–1883) Heinrich Anton Dähling (1773–1850) Maximilian Dasio (1865–1954) Gabriela Dauerer (born 1958) Heinrich Maria Davringhausen (1894–1970) John Decker (1895–1947) Wilm Dedeke (c. 1460–c. 1528) Ernst Deger (1809–1885) Balthasar Denner (1685–1749) Adolf Des Coudres (1862–1924) Ludwig Des Coudres (1820–1878) Ludwig Dettmann (1865–1944) Christa Dichgans (1940–2018) Christophe Didillon (born 1971) Karl Diebitsch (1899–1985) Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach (1851–1913) Jakob Fürchtegott Dielmann (1809–1885) Albert Christoph Dies (1755–1822) Anton Dietrich (1833–1904) Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich (1712–1774) Wendel Dietterlin (c. 1550–1599) Feodor Dietz (1813–1870) Wilhelm von Diez (1839–1907) Ludwig Dill (1848–1940) Johann Georg von Dillis (1759–1841) Georg Friedrich Dinglinger (1666–1720) Otto Dix (1891–1969) Carl Emil Doepler (1824–1905) Emil Doepler (1855–1922) Max Doerner (1870–1939) Franz Domscheit (1880–1965) Franz Burchard Dörbeck (1799–1835) Johann Jakob Dorner the Elder (1741–1813) Anton Josef Dräger (1794–1833) Heinrich Dreber (1822–1875) Johann Friedrich Dryander (1756–1812) Eugen Dücker (1756–1812) Balthasar Anton Dunker (1746–1807) Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) Hermann Dyck (1812–1874) Udo Dziersk (born 1961) E Konrad Eberhard (1768–1859) Adam Eberle (1804–1832) Robert Eberle (1815–1862) Johann Christian Eberlein (1770–1815) John Giles Eccardt (1720–1799) Michael Echter (1812–1879) Friedrich Eckenfelder (1861–1938) Heinrich Ambros Eckert (1807–1840) Otto Eckmann (1865–1902) John Eckstein (1735–1817) Martin Eder (born 1968) Carl Eggers (1787–1863) Franz Xaver Eggert (1802–1876) Julie von Egloffstein (1792–1869) Julius von Ehren (1864–1944) Paul Ehrenberg (1876–1949) Friedrich Eibner (1826–1877) Franz Eichhorst (1885–1948) Elisabeth von Eicken (1862–1940) Andreas Eigner (1801–1870) Fritz Eisel (1929–2010) Marie Ellenrieder (1791–1863) Friedrich August Elsasser (1810–1845) Adam Elsheimer (1578–1610) Ludwig Elsholtz (1805–1850) Wilhelm Emelé (1830–1905) Edgar Ende (1901–1965) Sylvester Engbrox (born 1964) Johann Friedrich Engel (1844–1921) Carl Engel von der Rabenau (1817–1870) Horus Engels (1914–1991) Karl von Enhuber (1811–1867) Josef Otto Entres (1804–1870) Ulrich Erben (born 1940) Otto Erdmann (1834–1905) Fritz Erler (1868–1940) Johann Franz Ermels (1641–1693) Max Ernst (1891–1976) Hermann Eschke (1823–1900) Stefan Ettlinger (born 1958) Ernst Ewald (1836–1904) Julius Exter (1863–1939) Carl Gottfried Eybe (1813–1893) Adolf Eybel (1802–1882) F Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur (1780–1857) Johann Joachim Faber (1778–1846) Carl Ferdinand Fabritius (1637–1673) Wilhelm Facklam (1893–1972) Ludwig Fahrenkrog (1867–1952) Joachim Martin Falbe (1709–1782) Joseph Fassbender (1903–1974) Berthold Faust (born 1935) Joseph Fay (1813–1875) Christian Gottlob Fechhelm (1732–1816) Eduard Clemens Fechner (1799–1861) Hans Feibusch (1898–1998) Manfred Feiler (1925–2020) Paul Feiler (1918–2013) Max Feldbauer (1869–1948) Conrad Felixmüller (1897–1977) Ferdinand Fellner (1799–1859) Melchior Feselen (c. 1495–1538) Rainer Fetting (born 1949) Johann Michael Feuchtmayer (1709–1772) Anselm Feuerbach (1829–1880) Martin von Feuerstein (1856–1941) Willy Fick (1893–1967) Friedrich Kurt Fiedler (1894–1950) Johann Dominicus Fiorillo (1748–1821) Klaus Fisch (1893–1975) John Fischer (1786–1875) Joseph Anton Fischer (1814–1859) Oskar Fischinger (1900–1967) Arthur Fitger (1840–1909) Ferdinand Wolfgang Flachenecker (1792–1847) Albert Flamm (1823–1906) Georg Flegel (1566–1638) François Fleischbein (1804–1868) Lutz Fleischer (1956–2019) Max Fleischer (1861–1930) Adolf Fleischmann (1892–1968) Gerlach Flicke (fl. 1545–1558) Fedor Flinzer (1832–1911) Gisbert Flüggen (1811–1859) Josef Flüggen (1842–1906) Daniel Fohr (1801–1862) Karl Philipp Fohr (1795–1818) Philipp von Foltz (1805–1877) Günther Förg (1952–2013) Ernst Joachim Förster (1800–1885) Arnold Forstmann (1842–c. 1914) Hans Ulrich Franck (1603–1675) Philipp Franck (1860–1944) Meister Francke (c. 1380–c. 1440) Michael Sigismund Frank (1770–1847) Eduard Frederich (1813–1864) Hermann Freese (1813–1871) Otto Freundlich (1878–1943) Max Frey (1874–1944) Maria Elektrine von Freyberg (1797–1847) Heinrich Jakob Fried (1802–1870) Caroline Friederike Friedrich (1749–1815) Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840) Fred Friedrich (born 1943) Woldemar Friedrich (1846–1910) Fritz Friedrichs (1882–1928) Bernhard Fries (1820–1879) Ernst Fries (1801–1833) Karl Friedrich Fries (1831–1871) Richard Friese (1854–1918) Johann Christoph Frisch (1737–1815) Karl Ludwig Frommel (1789–1863) Günter Fruhtrunk (1923–1982) Ulrich Füetrer (c. 1450–1496/1500) Heinrich Füger (1751–1818) Hinrik Funhof (?–1485) Edmund Fürst (1874–1955) Klaus Fußmann (born 1938) Conrad Fyoll (fl. 1464–1476) G Eduard Gaertner (1801–1877) Bernd Erich Gall (born 1956) Franz Gareis (1775–1803) Friedrich Gärtner (1824–1905) Heinrich Gärtner (1828–1909) Anna Rosina de Gasc (1713–1783) Karl Gatermann the Elder (1883–1959) Karl Gatermann the Younger (1909–1992) Jakob Gauermann (1773–1843) Ernst Gebauer (1782–1865) Eduard von Gebhardt (1838–1925) Josef Anton Gegenbauer (1800–1876) Otto Geigenberger (1881–1946) Rupprecht Geiger (1908–2009) Willi Geiger (1878–1971) Carl Geist (1870–1931) Bonaventura Genelli (1798–1868) Hanns Georgi (1901–1989) Ludger Gerdes (1954–2008) Till Gerhard (born 1971) Ida Gerhardi (1862–1927) Eduard Gerhardt (1813–1888) Anna Gerresheim (1852–1921) Ludwig Geyer (1779–1821) Hans Freiherr von Geyer zu Lauf (1895–1959) Torben Giehler (born 1973) Werner Gilles (1894–1961) Julius E.F. Gipkens (1883–1968) Joseph Anton Glantschnigg (1695–1750) Erich Glas (1897–1973) Horst Gläsker (born 1949) Ludwig von Gleichen-Rußwurm (1836–1901) Otto Gleichmann (1887–1963) Hermann Glöckner (1889–1987) Paul Salvator Goldengreen (born 1960) Hilde Goldschmidt (1897–1980) Dieter Goltzsche (born 1934) Paul Gösch (1885–1940) Karl Otto Götz (1914–2017) Leo Götz (1883–1962) Jakob Götzenberger (1802–1866) Carl Götzloff (1799–1866) Henry Gowa (1902–1990) Gustav Graef (1821–1895) Peter Graf (born 1937) Albert Gräfle (1809–1889) August Grahl (1791–1868) Walter Gramatté (1897–1929) Fritz Grasshoff (1913–1997) Gotthard Graubner (1930–2013) Otto Greiner (1869–1916) Fritz Greve (1863–1931) Otto Griebel (1895–1972) Christian Griepenkerl (1839–1912) HAP Grieshaber (1909–1981) Ludwig Emil Grimm (1790–1863) Friedrich Carl Gröger (1766–1838) Carl Grossberg (1894–1940) Theodor Grosse (1829–1891) George Grosz (1893–1959) Michael Gruber (born 1965) Hans Grundig (1901–1958) Emil Otto Grundmann (1844–1890) Matthias Grünewald (c. 1470–1528) Jakob Grünenwald(1821–1896) Eduard von Grützner (1846–1925) Richard Guhr (1873–1956) Louis Gurlitt (1812–1897) Karl Gussow (1843–1907) H Carl Haag (1820–1915) August Haake (1889–1915) Hugo von Habermann (1849–1929) Wenzel Hablik (1881–1934) Jakob Philipp Hackert (1737–1807) Gabriel von Hackl (1843–1926) Karl Hagedorn (1922–2005) Karl Hagemeister (1848–1933) Theodor Hagen (1842–1919) Ludwig von Hagn (1820–1898) Magda Hagstotz (1914–2001) Hubert Haider (1879–1971) Karl Michael Haider (1846–1912) Jost Haller (fl. 1440−1470) Christian Gottlob Hammer (1779–1864) Alois Hanslian (born 1943) Johann Gottlieb Hantzsch (1794–1848) Heinrich Harder (1858–1935) Fritz Harnest (1905–1999) Hans Hartung (1904–1989) Petre Hârtopeanu (1913–2001) Wilhelm Hasemann (1850–1913) Carl Hasenpflug (1802–1858) Max Haushofer (1811–1866) Eberhard Havekost (1967–2019) John Heartfield (1891–1968) Erich Heckel (1883–1970) Jakob Hecker (1897–1969) Michael Heckert (born 1950) Elise Neumann Hedinger (1854–1923) Carl Wilhelm von Heideck (1788–1861) Wilhelm Heine (1827–1885) Bettina Heinen-Ayech (1937–2020) Thilo Heinzmann (born 1969) Johannes Heisig (born 1953) Werner Heldt (1904–1954) Wilhelm Hempfing (1886–1948) Hermann Hendrich (1854–1931) Wilhelm Hensel (1794–1861) Thomas Herbst (1848–1915) Friedrich Herlin (c. 1425/30–1500) Franz Georg Hermann (1692–1768) Curt Herrmann (1854–1929) Ludwig von Herterich (1856–1932) Hermann Ottomar Herzog (1832–1932) Heinrich Maria von Hess (1798–1863) Karl Hess (1801–1874) Peter von Hess (1792–1871) Carle Hessay (1911–1978) Philipp Friedrich von Hetsch (1758–1839) Werner Heuser (1880–1964) Adolf von Heydeck (1787–1856) Ernst Hildebrand (1833–1924) Eduard Hildebrandt (1818–1868) Theodor Hildebrandt (1804–1874) Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack (1893–1965) Rudolf Hirth du Frênes (1846–1916) Dora Hitz (1856–1924) Hannah Höch (1889–1978) Paul Hoecker (1854–1910) Angelika Hoerle (1899–1923) Bernhard Hoetger (1874–1949) Heinrich Hofmann (1824–1911) Ludwig von Hofmann (1861–1945) Margret Hofheinz-Döring (1910–1994) Hans Hofmann (1880–1966) Otto Hofmann (1907–1996) Hans Holbein the Elder (c. 1460–1524) Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1497–1543) Hans-Jörg Holubitschka (1960–2016) Johann Evangelist Holzer (1709–1740) Helene Holzman (1891–1968) Barbara Honigmann (born 1949) Theodor Horschelt (1829–1871) Margarethe Hormuth-Kallmorgen (1857–1934) Theodor Hosemann (1807–1875) Woldemar Hottenroth (1802–1894) Karl Hubbuch (1891–1979) Julius Hübner (1806–1882) Ulrich Hübner (1872–1932) Juergen von Huendeberg (1922–1996) Carl Hummel (1821–1907) Maria Innocentia Hummel (1909–1946) Otto Hupp (1859–1949) Karl Hurm (1930–2019) Auguste Hüssener (1789–1877) I Berthold Imhoff (1868–1939) Jörg Immendorff (1945–2007) Caspar Isenmann (1410–1484) (hypothetical) Carl G. von Iwonski (1830–1912) J Otto Reinhold Jacobi (1812–1901) Paul Emil Jacobs (1802–1866) Willy Jaeckel (1888–1944) Ferdinand Jagemann (1780–1820) Gustav Jäger (1808–1871) Karl Jäger (1888–1959) Michael Jäger (born 1956) Angelo Jank (1868–1940) Christian Jank (1833–1888) Peter Janssen (1844–1908) Georg Jauss (1867–1922) Carl Ludwig Jessen (1833–1917) Ernst Jordan (1883–1948) Rudolf Jordan (1810–1887) Tina Juretzek (born 1952) Manfred W. Jürgens (born 1956) Paul Juvenel the Elder (1579–1643) K Johann Matthias Kager (1566–1634) Leo Kahn (1894–1983) Johannes Kahrs (born 1965) Aris Kalaizis (born 1966) Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth (1855–1928) Maria Countess von Kalckreuth (1857–1897) Patrick von Kalckreuth (1892–1970) Friedrich Kallmorgen (1856–1924) Arthur Kampf (1864–1950) Albert Kappis (1836–1914) Suzan Emine Kaube (born 1942) Arthur Kaufmann (1888–1971) Hugo Kauffmann (1844–1915) Friedrich Kaulbach (1822–1903) Friedrich August von Kaulbach (1850–1920) Hermann von Kaulbach (1846–1909) Wilhelm von Kaulbach (1805–1874) Ferdinand Keller (1842–1922) Moritz Kellerhoven (1758–1830) George Kenner (1888–1971) Wolfgang Kermer (born 1935) Marie von Keudell (1838–1918) Chaim Kiewe (1912–1983) Wilhelm Kimmich (1897–1986) Martin Kippenberger (1953–1997) Frank Kirchbach (1859–1912) Günther C. Kirchberger (1928–2010) Alexander Kircher (1867–1939) Otto Kirchner (1887–1960) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880–1938) Johanna Kirsch (1856–1907) Konrad Klapheck (born 1935) Mati Klarwein (1932–2002) Anna Klein (1883–1941) Johann Adam Klein (1792–1875) Richard Klein (1890–1967) Paul Kleinschmidt (1883–1949) Leo von Klenze (1784–1864) Heinrich Kley (1863–1945) Max Klinger (1857–1920) Friedrich August von Klinkowström (1778–1835) Hans Kloss (1938–2018) Robert Klümpen (born 1973) Georg Klusemann (1942–1981) Karl Knabl (1850–1904) Hermann Knackfuß (1848–1915) Johann Zacharias Kneller (1642–1702) Heinrich Knirr (1862–1944) Imi Knoebel (born 1940) Hugo Knorr (1834–1904) Wilhelm von Kobell (1766–1853) Martin Kober (~1550–~1598) Dora Koch-Stetter (1881–1968) (aka Dora Stetter) Robert Koehler (1850–1917) Matthias Koeppel (born 1937) Wilhelm von Köln (1370s?) Alois Kolb (1875–1942) Heinrich Christoph Kolbe (1771–1836) Helmut Kolle (1899–1931) Kätte Kollwitz (1867-1945) Max Koner (1854–1900) Leo von König (1871–1944) Emma Körner (1788–1815) Rudolf Kortokraks (1928–2014) Theodor Kotsch (1818–1884) Johann Peter Krafft (1780–1856) Lambert Krahe (1712–1790) August von Kreling (1819–1876) Robert Kretschmer (1812–1872) Conrad Faber von Kreuznach (c. 1500–1552/3) Louis Krevel (1801–1876) Karl Kröner (1887–1972) Franz Krüger (1797–1857) Sebastian Krüger (born 1963) Christiane Kubrick (born 1932) Gerhard von Kügelgen (1772–1820) Karl von Kügelgen (1772–1832) Wilhelm von Kügelgen (1802–1867) Gotthardt Kuehl (1850–1915) Ingo Kühl (born 1953) Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert (1865–1926) Konrad Kujau (1938–2000) Friedrich Kunath (born 1974) L Curt Lahs (1893–1958) Mark Lammert (born 1960) Christian Landenberger (1862–1927) Friedrich Lange (1834–1875) Joseph Lange (1751–1831) Julius Lange (1817–1878) Arthur Langhammer (1854–1901) Rainer Maria Latzke (born 1950) Richard Lauchert (1823–1868) Paul Lautensack (1478–1558) Rudolf Lehmann (1819–1905) Hildegard Lehnert (1857–1943) Fridolin Leiber (1853–1912) Ulrich Leman (1885–1988) August Lemmer (1862–?) Franz von Lenbach (1836–1904) Reinhold Lepsius (1857–1922) Sabine Lepsius (1864–1942) Karl Friedrich Lessing (1808–1880) Wolfgang Lettl (1919–2008) August Leu (1818–1897) Emanuel Leutze (1816–1868) Sophie Ley (1849–1918) Wilhelm Lichtenheld (1817–1891) Max Liebermann (1847–1935) Adolf Heinrich Lier (1826–1882) Hermann Linde (1863–1923) Heinrich Eduard Linde-Walther (1868–1939) Richard Lindner (1901–1978) Karl Friedrich Lippmann (1883–1957) Emmy Lischke (1860–1919) Clara Lobedan (1840–1918) Stefan Lochner (c. 1410–1451) Käthe Loewenthal (1878–1942) August Löffler (1822–1866) Ludwig von Löfftz (1845–1910) Max Lohde (1845–1868) Otto Lohmüller (born 1943) Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler (1899–1940) Bernard Lokai (born 1960) David Lorenz (1856–1907) Heinrich Lossow (1843–1897) Károly Lotz (1833–1904) Margarethe Loewe-Bethe (1859–1932) Auguste Ludwig (1834–1901) Friedrich Ludwig (1895–1970) Jules Lunteschütz (1822–1893) Markus Lüpertz (born 1941) Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy (1863–1923) Arnold Lyongrün (1871–1935) M Thilo Maatsch (1900–1983) Heinz Mack (born 1931) August Macke (1887–1914) Fritz Mackensen (1866–1953) Josef Madlener (1881–1967) Alfred Mahlau (1894–1967) Carl Malchin (1838–1923) Christian Mali (1832–1906) Lothar Malskat (1913–1988) Jeanne Mammen (1890–1976) Henriette Manigk (born 1968) Johann Christian von Mannlich (1741–1822) Jean Mannheim (1863–1945) German-born American Ludwig Manzel (1858–1936) Franz Marc (1880–1916) Hans von Marées (1837–1887) Carl von Marr (1858–1936) Jacob Marrel (1613/4?–1681) Johannes Martini (1866–1935) Master of the Arboga altarpiece (fl. 1490–1525) Master of the Drapery Studies (Heinrich Lützelmann) (fl. 1470–1500) Master of the Karlsruhe Passion (Hans Hirtz?) (fl. 1421–1463) Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece (fl. 1475–1510) Fritz Maurischat (1893–1986) Louis Mayer (1791–1843) Jonathan Meese (born 1970) Lothar Meggendorfer (1847–1925) Ludwig Meidner (1884–1966) Else Meidner (1901–1987) Georg Meistermann (1911–1990) Hans Memling (c. 1430–1494) Peter Menne (born 1960) Carlo Mense (1886–1965) Adolph Menzel (1815–1905) Joseph Anton Merz (1681–1750) Pius Ferdinand Messerschmitt (1858–1915) Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim (1808–1879) Paul Friedrich Meyerheim (1842–1915) Abraham Mignon (1640–1679) Carl Julius Milde (1803–1875) Amud Uwe Millies (1932–2008) Paula Modersohn-Becker (1876–1907) Manfred Mohr (born 1938) Christian Ernst Bernhard Morgenstern (1805–1867) Wilhelm Morgner (1891–1917) Sabine Moritz (born 1969) Friedrich Mosbrugger (1804–1830) Adolf Mosengel (1837–1885) Georg Muche (1895–1987) Heinrich Mücke (1806–1891) Otto Mueller (1874–1930) Armin Mueller-Stahl (born 1930) Georg Mühlberg (1863–1925) Fritz Mühlenweg (1898–1961) Andreas Müller (1811–1890) Heiko Müller (born 1968) Maler Müller (1749–1825) Otto Müller (1898–1979) Victor Müller (1829–1871) Paul Müller-Kaempff (1861–1941) Gabriele Münter (1877–1962) Gustav Mützel (1839–1893) Johan van den Mynnesten (c. 1440–1504) N Charles Christian Nahl (1818–1878) Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl (1833–1889) Thomas von Nathusius (1866–1904) August Natterer (1868–1933) Julius Naue (1835–1907) Ernst Wilhelm Nay (1902–1968) Carl Nebel (1805–1855) Otto Nebel (1892–1973) Bernhard von Neher (1806–1886) Rolf Nesch (1893–1975) Caspar Netscher (1639–1684) Gert Neuhaus (born 1939) Andrea Neumann (1969–2020) Eugen Napoleon Neureuther (1806–1882) Jo Niemeyer (born 1946) Wilhelm Theodor Nocken (1830–1905) Emil Nolde (1867–1956) Franz Nölken (1884–1918) Bernt Notke (1435–1508/09?) Felix Nussbaum (1904–1944) O Franz Ignaz Oefele (1721–1797) Ernst Erwin Oehme (1831–1907) Ernst Ferdinand Oehme (1797–1855) August Friedrich Oelenhainz (1745–1804) Theobald von Oer (1807–1885) Hans Olde (1855–1917) Friedrich von Olivier (1791–1859) Walter Ophey (1882–1930) Ernst Oppler (1867–1929) David Ostrowski (born 1981) Friedrich Overbeck (1789–1869) P Amalia Pachelbel (1688–1723) Blinky Palermo (1943–1977) Otto Pankok (1893–1966) Louise von Panhuys (1763–1844) Jürgen Partenheimer (born 1947) Eduard Pechuel-Loesche (1840–1913) Werner Peiner (1897–1984) A. R. Penck (1939–2017) Carl Gottlieb Peschel (1798–1879) Johann Anton de Peters (1725–1795) Heinrich Petersen-Angeln (1850–1906) Wolfgang Petrick (born 1939) Johann Baptist Pflug (1785–1866) Martin Erich Philipp (1887–1978) Otto Piene (1928–2014) Ludwig Pietsch (1824–1911) Bruno Piglhein (1848–1894) Carl Theodor von Piloty (1826–1886) Hartmut Piniek (born 1950) Theodor Pixis (1831–1907) Oscar Pletsch (1830–1888) Hermann Pleuer (1863–1911) Bernhard Plockhorst (1825–1907) Alois Plum (born 1935) Tobias Pock (1609–1683) Leon Pohle (1841–1908) Sigmar Polke (1941–2010) Heinrich Pommerencke (1821–1873) Eduard Wilhelm Pose (1812–1878) Michael Mathias Prechtl (1926–2003) Johann Daniel Preissler (1666–1737) Hermann Prell (1854–1922) Hermione von Preuschen (1854–1918) Heimrad Prem (1934–1978) Johann Georg Primavesi (1774–1855) Hans Purrmann (1880–1966) Doramaria Purschian (1890–1972) Q Franz Quaglio (1844–1920) Simon Quaglio (1795–1878) Silvia Quandt (born 1937) Fritz Quant (1888–1933) Otto Quante (1875–1947) Curt Querner (1904–1976) Tobias Querfurt (1660–1734) R Doris Raab (1851–1933) Johann Leonhard Raab (1825–1899) Johann Heinrich Ramberg (1763–1840) Johann Anton Ramboux (1790–1866) Lilo Ramdohr (1913–2013) Lilo Rasch-Naegele (1914–1978) Neo Rauch (born 1960) Robert Hermann Raudner (1854–1915) Karl Raupp (1837–1918) Christopher Rave (1881–1933) Hilla von Rebay (1890–1967) Anita Rée (1885–1933) Willy Reetz (1892–1963) Theodor Rehbenitz (1791–1861) Elke Rehder (born 1953) Carl Theodor Reiffenstein (1820–1893) Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein (1719–1793) Heinrich Reinhold (1788–1825) Robert Reinick (1805–1852) Carl Reinhardt (1818–1877) Karl Lorenz Rettich (1841–1904) Moritz Retzsch (1779–1857) Gerhardt Wilhelm von Reutern (1794–1865) Ottilie Reylaender (1882-1965) Gustav Richter (1823–1884) Hans Richter (1888–1976) Adrian Ludwig Richter (1803–1884) Gerhard Richter (born 1932) Johann Elias Ridinger (1698–1767) August Riedel (1799–1883) Franz Riepenhausen (1786–1831) Johannes Riepenhausen (1787–1860) Johann Christoph Rincklake (1764–1813) Joachim Ringelnatz (1883–1934) Wilhelm Ripe (1818–1885) Otto Ritschl (1860–1944) Paul Ritter (1829–1907) Günter Rittner (1927–2020) Lorenz Ritter (1832–1921) Theodor Rocholl (1854–1933) Carl Röchling (1855–1920) Bernhard Rode (1725–1797) Hermen Rode (c. 1468–c. 1504) Carl Rodeck (1841–1909) Ottilie Roederstein (1859–1937) Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947) Julius Roeting (1822–1896) Johann Martin von Rohden (1778–1868) Stefan Roloff (born 1953) Johann Heinrich Roos (1631–1685) Johann Melchior Roos (1663–1731) Philipp Peter Roos (1655–1706) Theodor Roos (1638–1698) Ludwig Rosenfelder (1813–1881) Walter Alfred Rosam (1883–1916) Mike Rose (1932–2006) Waldemar Rösler (1882–1916) Kurt Roth (1899–1975) Ferdinand Rothbart (1823–1899) Johannes Rottenhammer (1564–1625) Christian Ruben (1805–1875) Dieter Rübsaamen (born 1937) Georg Philipp Rugendas (1666–1742) Hans Hinrich Rundt (c. 1660–c. 1750) Philipp Otto Runge (1777–1810) Heinrich von Rustige (1810–1900) S Georg Saal (1817–1870) Rolf Sackenheim (1921–2006) Hubert Salentin (1822–1910) Charlotte Salomon (1917–1943) Joachim von Sandrart (1606–1688) Georg Sauter (1866–1937) Wilhelm Sauter (1896–1948) Käte Schaller-Härlin (1877–1973) Thomas Scheibitz (born 1968) Wolfram Adalbert Scheffler (born 1956) Auguste Schepp (1846–1905) Osmar Schindler (1867–1927) Adolf Schinnerer (1876–1949) Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (1807–1863) Wilhelm Schirmer (1802–1866) Eduard Schleich the Elder (1812–1874) Oskar Schlemmer (1888–1943) Thea Schleusner (1879–1964) Hans-Jürgen Schlieker (1924–2004) Eberhard Schlotter (1921–2014) Torsten Schlüter (born 1959) Georg Friedrich Schmidt (1712–1775) Joost Schmidt (1893–1948) Julia Schmidt (born 1976) Jürgen Schmitt (born 1949) Max Schmidt (1818–1901) Gerda Schmidt-Panknin (1920–2021) Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884–1976) Ruth Schmidt Stockhausen (1922-2014) Marc Schmitz (born 1963) Bertha Schrader (1845–1920) Leopold Schmutzler (1864–1940) Friedrich Schneider (1786–1853) Paul Schneider (1884–1969) Sascha Schneider (1870–1927) Joseph Anton Schneiderfranken (1876–1943) Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794–1872) Otto Scholderer (1834–1902) Georg Scholz (1890–1945) Karl Schorn (1803–1850) Ludwig Schongauer (c. 1440–1494) Johann Heinrich Schönfeld (1609–1684) Julius Schoppe (1795–1868) Georg Schrimpf (1889–1938) Adolf Schreyer (1828–1899) Lothar Schreyer (1886–1966) Hans Schröder (1931–2010) Werner Schramm (1898–1970) Liselotte Schramm-Heckmann (1904–1995) Daniel Schultz (1615–1683) Bernard Schultze (1915–2005) Fritz W. Schulz (1884–1962) Emil Schumacher (1912–1999) Wilhelm Schütze (1807–1878) Fritz Schwegler (1935–2014) Carlos Schwabe (1866–1926) Otto Schwerdgeburth (1835–1866) Martel Schwichtenberg (1896–1945) Kurt Schwitters (1887–1948) Lothar von Seebach (1853–1930) Adolf Seel (1829–1907) Else Sehrig-Vehling (1897–1994) Louise Seidler (1786–1866) Joseph Anton Settegast (1813–1890) Christian Seybold (1695–1768) Oskar Seyffert (1862–1940) Arthur Siebelist (1870–1945) Clara Siewert (1862–1945) Ludovike Simanowiz (1759–1827) Richard Simon (1898–1993) Franz Skarbina (1849–1910) Dirk Skreber (born 1961) Maria Slavona (1865–1931) Max Slevogt (1868–1932) Karl Ferdinand Sohn (1805–1867) Karl Rudolf Sohn (1845–1908) Richard Sohn (1834–1912) Wilhelm Sohn (1830–1899) Alfred Sohn-Rethel (1875–1958) Else Sohn-Rethel (1853–1933) Karli Sohn-Rethel (1882–1966) Otto Sohn-Rethel (1877–1949) Daniel Soreau (c. 1560–1619) Isaak Soreau (1604–1644) Michael Sowa (born 1945) August Specht (1849–1923) Friedrich Specht (1839–1909) Erwin Speckter (1806–1835) Johann Sperl (1840–1914) Walter Spies (1895–1942) Eugene Spiro (1874–1972) Carl Spitzweg (1808–1885) Hans Springinklee (c. 1490/5–c. 1540) Gertrud Staats (1859–1938) Anton Stankowski (1906–1998) Christian W. Staudinger (born 1952) Carl Steffeck (1818–1890) Jakob Steinhardt (1887–1968) Hermann Stenner (1891–1914) David D. Stern (born 1956) Robert Sterl (1867–1932) Joseph Karl Stieler (1781–1858) Franz Seraph Stirnbrand (c. 1788/94–1882) Dora Stock (1760–1832) Minna Stocks (1846–1928) Curt Stoermer (1891–1976) Fritz Stoltenberg (1855–1921) Eva Stort (1855–1936) Sebastian Stoskopff (1597–1657) Willy Stöwer (1864–1931) Paul Strecker (1898–1950) Bernhard Strigel (c. 1461–1528) Helene Marie Stromeyer (1834–1924) Hermann Struck (1876–1944) Franz von Stuck (1863–1928) Fritz Stuckenberg (1881–1944) Absolon Stumme (?–1499) Emil Stumpp (1886–1941) Helmut Sturm (1932–2008) Rudolph Suhrlandt (1781–1862) Florian Süssmayr (born 1963) Stefan Szczesny (born 1951) T Ruben Talberg (born 1964) Wilhelm Ternite (1786–1871) Ebba Tesdorpf (1851–1920) Heinz Tetzner (1920–2007) Anna Dorothea Therbusch (1721–1782) Arthur Thiele (1860–1936) Ludwig Thiersch (1825–1909) Hans Thoma (1839–1924) Paul Thumann (1834–1908) Johann Heinrich Tischbein (1722–1789) Johann Jacob Tischbein (1725–1791) Johann Valentin Tischbein (1715–1768) Ernst Toepfer (1877–1955) Christiaan Tonnis (born 1956) Gero Trauth (born 1942) Hann Trier (1915–1999) Wilhelm Trübner (1851–1917) U Otto Ubbelohde (1867–1922) Günther Uecker (born 1930) Philipp Uffenbach (1566–1636) Fritz von Uhde (1848–1911) Maria Uhden (1892–1918) Fred Uhlman (1901–1985) Lesser Ury (1861–1931) Adolf Uzarski (1885–1970) V Johannes Veit (1790–1854) Philipp Veit (1793–1877) Henry Vianden (1814–1899) Clara Vogedes (1892–1983) Hugo Vogel (1855–1934) Heinrich Vogeler (1872–1942) Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein (1788–1868) Karl Völker (1889–1962) Max Volkhart (1848–1924) Adolph Friedrich Vollmer (1806–1875) Friedrich Voltz (1817–1886) Johann Michael Voltz (1784–1858) Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart (1899–1962) Wolf Vostell (1932–1998) W Karl Wilhelm Wach (1787–1845) Friedrich Wachenhusen (1859–1925) Carl Wagner (1796–1867) Johann Salomon Wahl (1689–1765) Paul Wallat (1879–1964) Horst Walter (1936–2012) Petrus Wandrey (1939–2012) Corinne Wasmuht (born 1964) Max Peiffer Watenphul (1896–1976) August Weber (1817–1873) Felix Weber (born 1965) Paul Weber (1823–1916) Johannes Wechtlin (c. 1480–?) Karl Weinmair (1906–1944) Friedrich Georg Weitsch (1758–1828) Theodor Leopold Weller (1802–1880) Gottlieb Welté (1745–1792) Anton von Werner (1843–1915) Eberhard Werner (1924–2002) Brigitta Westphal (born 1944) Friedrich Bernhard Westphal (1803–1844) Sascha Wiederhold (1904–1962) Christian Wilberg (1839–1882) Ludwig Wilding (1927–2010) August von Wille (1828–1887) Michael Willmann (1630–1706) Albert Windisch (1878–1967) Fritz Winter (1905–1976) Harald Winter (born 1953) Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) Hermann Wislicenus (1825–1899) Adolf Wissel (1894–1973) Johann Michael Wittmer (1802–1880) Edmund Wodick (1816–1886) Christoph Wilhelm Wohlien (1811–1869) Karla Woisnitza (born 1952) Julie Wolfthorn (1864–1944) Joseph Wolf (1820–1899) Balduin Wolff (1819–1907) Michael Wolgemut (1434–1519) Gert Heinrich Wollheim (1894–1974) Walter Womacka (1925–2010) Georg Philipp Wörlen (1886–1954) Franz Wulfhagen (c. 1624–1670) Paul Wunderlich (1927–2010) Noah Wunsch (born 1970) Nicholas Wurmser (1298–1367) Z Erich Zander (1889–1965) Herbert Zangs (1924–2003) Ernst Zehle (1876–1940) Johann Eleazar Zeissig (1737–1806) Bartholomäus Zeitblom (c. 1450–c. 1519) Wolfgang Zelmer (born 1948) Alexander Zick (1845–1907) Januarius Zick (1730–1797) Adolf Ziegler (1892–1959) Hans-Peter Zimmer (1936–1992) Adolf Zimmermann (1799–1859) Albert Zimmermann (1808–1888) Clemens von Zimmermann (1788–1869) Johann Baptist Zimmermann (1680–1758) Max Zimmermann (1811–1878) Reinhard Sebastian Zimmermann (1815–1893) Richard Zimmermann (1820–1875) Robert Zimmermann (1815–1864) Thomas Zipp (born 1966) Heinrich von Zügel (1850–1941) Anton Zwengauer (1810–1884) Anton Georg Zwengauer (1850–1928) Gustav Philipp Zwinger (1779–1819) Oskar Zwintscher (1870–1916) See also :Category:German painters List of German artists – including all visual and plastic arts List of German women artists References External links Painters German
41081956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Black%20%28Australian%20politician%29	Maurice Black (Australian politician)	Maurice Hume Black (15 December 1835 – 16 August 1899) was an Australian politician, member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. Black was a grand-nephew of the celebrated Joseph Hume, Member for Montrose in the British House of Commons. He was born in London, England and in 1861 married Maria Frederica Davies, a niece of the great statesman, George Canning. Having emigrated to Victoria (Australia) in 1852, Black left the goldfields of that colony to try his luck in pastoral pursuits in South Australia, subsequently going to the Riverina, and in 1864 to Queensland. Black was the inventor of a steam sheep-washing process, and went into sugar planting in the Mackay district of Queensland in 1871. In 1881 Black was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the seat of Mackay. Having taken a prominent part in the agitation for the separation of Northern Queensland from the rest of the colony, and its formation into a distinct colony, he was in 1887 commissioned to go to England with Mr. Lissner to press the matter upon the attention of the Home Government, Harold Finch-Hatton and Dr. Ahearne having done much to bring the matter into the region of practical politics by their exertions during the previous year. Though not successful in inducing Lord Knutsford to take steps for the separation of Northern Queensland, the advanced phase which the question has since assumed is a good deal due to the efforts of the delegation of 1887. In June 1888, on the formation of the second Thomas McIlwraith Administration, Black became Secretary of Public Works, and continued to hold the post when five months later the Ministry was reconstructed under Boyd Dunlop Morehead. Black resigned with his colleagues in August 1890. Black left Parliament in April 1893 and worked as an immigration agent in the agent-general's office in London; this post was abolished in 1894. Then Black decided to try his luck on the Coolgardie, Western Australia goldfields with some of his family; he arrived in 1896 and set up as an attorney for mining companies. Black died in Coolgardie on 16 August 1899 of cirrhosis of the liver and cardiac failure and was buried in the Coolgardie Cemetery. His wife returned to Queensland and died on 18 February 1906 at her home Roseville, Regent Street, South Brisbane and was buried in the South Brisbane Cemetery on 19 February 1906. Legacy Blacks Beach, one of the northern beach suburbs of Mackay in Queensland, is named after him. Black had originally lived on his sugar plantation (The Cedars) but later moved to the coast. Works References External links A Few Facts About Polynesian Labour In Queensland (1894) by M. Hume Black 1835 births 1899 deaths Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly British emigrants to the Colony of Victoria Deaths from cirrhosis Colony of Queensland people Politicians from London

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