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PMC9284965 | 35840902 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par19\">Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses found in humans and other animals, such as dogs, cats, bats, chickens, cattle, pigs, and birds. These viruses have the potential to cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. The most c... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Design, setting, and participants</title>",
"<p id=\"Par21\">This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included 380 hospitalized adult patients (18 years or older) with sCoV or COVID19 across four AMITA Health hospitals located in the Chicago metropolitan area. A total of... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Demographics and baseline characteristics</title>",
"<p id=\"Par26\">The median age of the base cohort was 72 years (IQR, 59.0–83.0 years; range 21–98 years) and 203 (53.4%) were male. Among patients with sCoV infection, the Human Coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 was the most common cor... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p id=\"Par32\">This retrospective cohort study examined the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with sCoV infection compared to patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 presented a higher case fatality rate and an almost fourfold increased risk of de... | [
"<title>Conclusions</title>",
"<p id=\"Par38\">In conclusion, the clinical spectrum of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is more similar to SARS and MERS in terms of illness severity and case-fatality rate than hospitalized patients with sCoV infection. However, the demographics and baseline characteristics of ... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p id=\"Par1\">Unlike SARS-CoV and MERS-C0V, SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to become a recurrent seasonal infection; hence, it is essential to compare the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 to the existent endemic coronaviruses. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized pat... | [] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>None.</p>",
"<title>Author contributions</title>",
"<p>GRN: Conceptualization, project administration, data curation, writing—original draft, methodology, formal analysis. GE: Project administration, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. TD, ... | [
"<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of human coronavirus species among 190 patients with seasonal coronavirus infection</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison between inpatients with human seasonal coronaviruses</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\"/><th align=\"left\">CoV-229E (N = 33)</th><th align=\"left\">CoV-HKU1 (N = 39)</th><th align=\"left\">CoV-NL6... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>Shapiro–Wilk normality test results showed deviation from a normal distribution</p><p><sup>b</sup>P-value obtained with a Bonferroni Chi-Square residual analysis: p = .023</p><p><sup>c</sup>P-value obtained with a Bonferroni Chi-Square residual analysis: p = .018</p></table-wrap-foo... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"12879_2022_7555_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["2."], "surname": ["Liu", "Liang", "Fung"], "given-names": ["DX", "JQ", "TS"], "article-title": ["Human Coronavirus-229E, -OC43, -NL63, and -HKU1 (Coronaviridae)"], "source": ["Encycl Virol."], "year": ["2021"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.21501-X"]}, {"label": ["20."], "mixed-citation": ["Key Points About Myocardial Injury and Cardiac Troponin in COVID-19. "], "ext-link": ["https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/07/17/08/00/key-points-about-myocardial-injury-and-cardiac-troponin-in-covid-19"]}, {"label": ["21."], "mixed-citation": ["Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. "], "ext-link": ["https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/"]}, {"label": ["36."], "mixed-citation": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999\u20132019 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2020. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999\u20132019, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. "], "ext-link": ["http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html"]}, {"label": ["40."], "mixed-citation": ["National Trends for Common Human Coronaviruses. "], "ext-link": ["https://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/nrevss/coronavirus/natl-trends.html"]}, {"label": ["42."], "mixed-citation": ["Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus - North America-focused subsampling. "], "ext-link": ["https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/north-america?animate=2019-12-09,2022-02-11,0,0,30000&f_country=USA&gmin=15&p=full"]}] | {
"acronym": [
"AKI",
"ARDS",
"CDC WONDER",
"COVID-19",
"DNR/DNI",
"HCoV",
"IQR",
"IVM",
"LTCF",
"MERS",
"NREVSS",
"qSOFA",
"sCoV",
"SARS"
],
"definition": [
"Acute kidney injury",
"Acute respiratory distress syndrome",
"CDC Wide-ranging ONline D... | 43 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:09 | BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 15; 22:618 | oa_package/dd/37/PMC9284965.tar.gz |
PMC10003871 | 36902924 | [
"<title>1. Introduction</title>",
"<p>Since the 1980s, with the rapid development of many Chinese cities, many buildings with a frame bottom floor and a masonry top floor, called bottom frame structures, have been built. Bottom frame structures are used as buildings on both sides of the street, with the lower flo... | [
"<title>3. Structural Stressing State Theory and Methods</title>",
"<title>3.1. Concept and Physical Law in Structural Stressing State Theory</title>",
"<p>The structural stressing state manifests structural response at a load level. Structural response data, such as strains and displacements, can be modeled to... | [
"<title>2.4. The Experimental Results</title>",
"<p>##TAB##5##Table 6##, ##TAB##6##Table 7## and ##TAB##7##Table 8## list the inter-story displacement angles for each level of seismic acceleration used in the shaker tests to describe the evolution of the failure mode of the bottom frame model. It should be noted ... | [
"<title>5. Discussion</title>",
"<p>The above stressing state modeling study of the bottom frame structure reveals the EPB and FS points in the failure process by establishing the stressing state mode with characteristic parameters, and further verification can be observed for the experimental phenomena listed in... | [
"<title>6. Conclusions</title>",
"<p>At present, the application of structural stressing state theory to various structures has significance in science and engineering: the scientific significance is to achieve the specific scientific discovery in the working process of a structure or a type of structure based on... | [
"<p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>",
"<p>As a classic issue, structural seismic bearing capacity could not be accurately predicted since it was based on a structural ultimate state with inherent uncertainty. This result led to rare research efforts to discover structures’ general and definite... | [
"<title>2. The Shaking Table Test of the Bottom Frame Model</title>",
"<title>2.1. The Bottom Frame Model</title>",
"<p>This experimental model in 1/5 scale ratio was designed referring to an actual 4-story bottom frame building close to the street based on the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings of P.R. China... | [
"<title>Acknowledgments</title>",
"<p>Thanks to Rui Zhe for contributing to revising this paper’s language. And for her excellent insights into concrete and masonry structures that have improved the paper.</p>",
"<title>Author Contributions</title>",
"<p>Conceptualization, L.Z. and R.L.; methodology, R.L. and... | [
"<fig position=\"anchor\" id=\"materials-16-01809-f002\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>The bottom frame model, the layout of strain gauges and the cracking.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"materials-16-01809-f001\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The floor plans of the bottom frame str... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"materials-16-01809-t001\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"pii\">materials-16-01809-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The information of the tested bottom frame structure (mm).</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" ... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"FD1-materials-16-01809\">\n<label>(1)</label>\n<mml:math id=\"mm1\" display=\"block\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mstyle displaystyle=\"true\"><mml:mrow><m... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note:</bold> The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property res... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"materials-16-01809-g002\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"materials-16-01809-g001\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"materials-16-01809-g003\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"materials-16-01809-g004\" position=\"float\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href... | [] | [{"label": ["1."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Chen"], "given-names": ["J."], "source": ["Analysis on Seismic Performance of Masonry Structure with Bottom-Frame and Influence of Story Stiffness Ratio"], "publisher-name": ["Chongqing University"], "publisher-loc": ["Chongqing, China"], "year": ["2010"]}, {"label": ["2."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shan"], "given-names": ["R."], "source": ["Study on The Seismic Collapse Pattern and The Ruin\u2019s Structural Characteristics of Typical RC Frame Supported Masonry Structures Institute of Engineering Mechanics"], "publisher-name": ["China Earthquake Administration"], "publisher-loc": ["Beijing, China"], "year": ["2015"]}, {"label": ["3."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Li", "Wang"], "given-names": ["B.", "Z."], "article-title": ["Lessons from the Performance of Masonry Structure with Ground RC Frame during Wenchuan Earthquake"], "source": ["ACTA Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni"], "year": ["2010"], "volume": ["49"], "fpage": ["22"], "lpage": ["27"]}, {"label": ["4."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Gao", "Wang"], "given-names": ["X.", "Y."], "article-title": ["The Seismic Testing Study of 1/2 Scale Model of 7-Story Multi-Story Brick Building with Frame Shear Wall in First Story"], "source": ["Build. Sci."], "year": ["1995"], "volume": ["4"], "fpage": ["18"], "lpage": ["23"]}, {"label": ["5."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Gao", "Meng", "Li", "Liao", "He", "Xiao", "Wang", "Wang", "Sun", "Yang"], "given-names": ["X.", "J.", "H.", "X.", "J.", "W.", "J.", "J.", "X.", "S."], "article-title": ["The Seismic Testing Study of a 1/3 Scale Model with R/C Frame and shear Wall in the Lower-Two Story and Masonry Structure in the Upper-Six Story"], "source": ["Build. Sci."], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["3"], "fpage": ["12"], "lpage": ["18"]}, {"label": ["6."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Liang", "Wang", "Liang"], "given-names": ["X.", "Q.", "Y."], "article-title": ["Experimental investigation on pseudo-dynamic test of 1/2 scale model brick masonry building with frame-shear wall structure at first two stories"], "source": ["China Civ. Eng. J."], "year": ["1999"], "volume": ["32"], "fpage": ["14"], "lpage": ["21"]}, {"label": ["7."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Zheng"], "given-names": ["S."], "article-title": ["A reasonable and Simple determining method of aseismic wall numbers in Frame-Shear wall story of masonry building with frame structure at lower stories"], "source": ["Ind. Constr."], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["31"], "fpage": ["22"], "lpage": ["25"]}, {"label": ["8."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Li", "Gu"], "given-names": ["Q.", "R."], "article-title": ["Reaserch on displacement-based seismic capability of brick masonry structures with frame-shear wall at the bottom"], "source": ["World Earthq. Eng."], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["22"], "fpage": ["64"], "lpage": ["67"]}, {"label": ["9."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Song"], "given-names": ["L."], "source": ["Analysis and Verification on Seismic Performance of Masonry Building with Concrete Frame-Shear Wall Structure on First Two Stories"], "publisher-name": ["Chongqing University"], "publisher-loc": ["Chongqing, China"], "year": ["2011"]}, {"label": ["10."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Zhou"], "given-names": ["G."], "source": ["Structural State-of-Stress Theory and Its Applications"], "publisher-name": ["Harbin Institute of Technology Press"], "publisher-loc": ["Harbin, China"], "year": ["2021"]}, {"label": ["11."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Zhou", "Shi", "Li", "Li"], "given-names": ["G.", "J.", "P.", "H."], "article-title": ["Characteristics of structural state of stress for steel frame in progressive collapse"], "source": ["J. Constr. Steel Res."], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["160"], "fpage": ["444"], "lpage": ["456"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.026"]}, {"label": ["13."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shi", "Xiao", "Zheng", "Shen", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["J.", "H.", "K.", "J.", "G."], "article-title": ["Essential stressing state features of a large-curvature continuous steel box-girder bridge model revealed by modeling experimental data"], "source": ["Thin-Walled Struct."], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["143"], "fpage": ["106247"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.tws.2019.106247"]}, {"label": ["14."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shen", "Huang", "Yang", "Shi", "Zheng"], "given-names": ["J.", "W.", "X.", "J.", "K."], "article-title": ["Stressing State Analysis of CFST Arch Supports in Deep Roadway Based on NSF Method"], "source": ["Appl. Sci."], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["9"], "elocation-id": ["4238"], "pub-id": ["10.3390/app9204238"]}, {"label": ["15."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shi", "Yang", "Zheng", "Shen", "Zhou", "Huang"], "given-names": ["J.", "K.", "K.", "J.", "G.", "Y."], "article-title": ["An Investigation into Working Behavior Characteristics of Parabolic Cfst Arches Applying Structural Stressing State Theory"], "source": ["J. Civ. Eng. Manag."], "year": ["2019"], "volume": ["25"], "fpage": ["215"], "lpage": ["227"], "pub-id": ["10.3846/jcem.2019.8102"]}, {"label": ["16."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Chen", "Zhao", "Shao", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["Z.", "Y.", "Y.", "G."], "article-title": ["Essential state-of-stress features of HBBC connections revealed by modeling simulative strain energy"], "source": ["Eng. Struct."], "year": ["2021"], "volume": ["230"], "fpage": ["111463"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111463"]}, {"label": ["17."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shen", "Liu", "Cheng", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["Z.", "B.", "X.", "G."], "article-title": ["Stressing state features of H-steel columns under cyclic biaxial bending action revealed from experimental residual strains"], "source": ["Case Stud. Constr. Mater."], "year": ["2023"], "volume": ["18"], "fpage": ["e01518"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01518"]}, {"label": ["19."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shen", "Liu", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["Z.", "B.", "G."], "article-title": ["Stressing State Analysis of SRC Column with Modeling Test and Finite Element Model Data"], "source": ["Appl. Sci."], "year": ["2022"], "volume": ["12"], "elocation-id": ["8866"], "pub-id": ["10.3390/app12178866"]}, {"label": ["20."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Liu", "Zhang", "Li", "Zhou", "Zhao"], "given-names": ["B.", "Y.", "R.", "G.", "Y."], "article-title": ["Essential stressing state features of spirally reinforced concrete short columns revealed by modeling experimental strain data"], "source": ["Structures"], "year": ["2020"], "volume": ["25"], "fpage": ["1"], "lpage": ["7"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.istruc.2020.02.006"]}, {"label": ["21."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Liu", "Zhao", "Liu", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["B.", "Y.", "H.", "G."], "article-title": ["The Hysteretic Failure Features of Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls Revealed by Modeling Experimental Residual Strain Data"], "source": ["J. Earthq. Eng."], "year": ["2022"], "volume": ["26"], "fpage": ["7353"], "lpage": ["7365"], "pub-id": ["10.1080/13632469.2021.1961943"]}, {"label": ["22."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Shen", "Liu", "Zhou"], "given-names": ["Z.", "B.", "G."], "article-title": ["Stressing state analysis of concrete airport pavement by modeling experimental strain data"], "source": ["Case Stud. Constr. Mater."], "year": ["2022"], "volume": ["17"], "fpage": ["e01635"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01635"]}, {"label": ["23."], "std": ["GB 50011-2010"], "source": ["Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"], "publisher-name": ["China Architecture and Building Press"], "publisher-loc": ["Beijing, China"], "year": ["2010"]}, {"label": ["24."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Mann"], "given-names": ["H.B."], "article-title": ["Non-parametric tests against trend"], "source": ["Econometrical"], "year": ["1945"], "volume": ["13"], "fpage": ["163"], "lpage": ["171"], "pub-id": ["10.2307/1907187"]}, {"label": ["25."], "person-group": ["\n"], "surname": ["Kendall"], "given-names": ["M.G."], "source": ["Rank Correlation Methods"], "publisher-name": ["Oxford University Press"], "publisher-loc": ["New York, NY, USA"], "year": ["1990"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:11 | Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 22; 16(5):1809 | oa_package/3e/bd/PMC10003871.tar.gz |
PMC10034578 | 36934759 | ["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>The success of evolutionary game theory (EGT) since Maynard Smith(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>A method for behavioural ecology: a case study</title>","<p>Both Brockmann's and Riechert's(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | ["<p>One contribution of 18 to a theme issue ‘<ext-link xlink:href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rst(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Evolutionary game theory: first steps</title>","<p>The reception given to the theory of gam(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Acknowledgements</title>","<p>We express our very sincere gratitude to all the scientists c(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<disp-quote><p>Someday, particularly for social traits, we will have to work out some more formal (...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"1\"], \"x\": [\".\"], \"surname\": [\"Maynard Smith\", \"Price\"], \"given-names\":(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 135 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:51 | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.; 378(1876):20210493 | oa_package/72/16/PMC10034578.tar.gz |
PMC10184354 | 37189133 | ["<title>Introduction</title>","<p id=\"Par33\">The endospore-forming <italic>Bacillus cereus</itali(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Methods</title>","<title><italic>B. cereus</italic> strains and growth conditions</title>",(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Results</title>","<title><italic>B. cereus</italic> secretes EVs into the culture supernata(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Discussion</title>","<p id=\"Par51\">EVs secreted by clinically relevant bacteria are consi(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Conclusion</title>","<p id=\"Par62\">Though considerable progress has been made in the char(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Background</title>","<p id=\"Par1\">Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Gram-positive bacteri(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Limitation of this study</title>","<p id=\"Par60\">Currently, there are no minimal guidelin(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Acknowledgements</title>","<p>We thank Richard Dietrich (Department of Veterinary Sciences,(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p><italic>B. cereus</italic> releases EVs in vitro(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>","<sup(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fn-group><fn><p>The original version of this article was revised: The family name of author Marku(...TRUNCATED) | ["<graphic xlink:href=\"12964_2023_1132_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"MO1\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"12964_2023_(...TRUNCATED) | ["<media xlink:href=\"12964_2023_1132_MOESM6_ESM.mp4\" id=\"MOESM6\"><caption><p>Video Abstract</p><(...TRUNCATED) | "[{\"label\": [\"1.\"], \"mixed-citation\": [\"Ehling-Schulz M, Lereclus D, Koehler TM. The \"], \"i(...TRUNCATED) | {"acronym":["ABC","Caco2","CME","DTT","EVs","FASP","FCS","FDR","FTIR","Hbl","IAA","LB","LC–MS/MS",(...TRUNCATED) | 85 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:09 | Cell Commun Signal. 2023 May 15; 21:112 | oa_package/1f/17/PMC10184354.tar.gz |
PMC10229423 | 37198474 | [] | ["<title>Methods</title>","<title>Cell lines</title>","<p id=\"Par24\">K562 (CCL-243), 293T (CRL-321(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | ["<p id=\"Par1\">Glucose is vital for life, serving as both a source of energy and carbon building b(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Main</title>","<p id=\"Par3\">We sought to identify new genes and pathways that might serve(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Extended data</title>","<p id=\"Par60\">\n\n</p>","<p id=\"Par61\">\n\n</p>","<p id=\"Par62(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><title>Uridine phosphorylase activity supports grow(...TRUNCATED) | [] | ["<disp-formula id=\"Equ1\"><label>1</label><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"MOESM1\"></supplementary-material>","<sup(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher’s note</bold> Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to ju(...TRUNCATED) | ["<graphic xlink:href=\"42255_2023_774_Fig1_HTML\" id=\"d32e510\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"42255_20(...TRUNCATED) | ["<media xlink:href=\"42255_2023_774_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\"><caption><p>Reporting Summary</p></caption></m(...TRUNCATED) | "[{\"label\": [\"23.\"], \"surname\": [\"Goncalves\", \"Hopkins\", \"Cantley\"], \"given-names\": [\(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 46 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:06 | Nat Metab. 2023 May 17; 5(5):765-776 | oa_package/05/40/PMC10229423.tar.gz |
PMC10233181 | 37264348 | ["<title>Background</title>","<p id=\"Par5\">Performing physical activities is vital in maintaining (...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Methods</title>","<title>Study design and setting</title>","<p id=\"Par10\">We used a cross(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Results</title>","<p id=\"Par19\">Among 131 participants (age range: 14–25 years), 81% of(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Discussion</title>","<p id=\"Par30\">This study investigated the concurrent validity of sel(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Conclusion</title>","<p id=\"Par39\">This study showed an overall poor correlation and low (...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Background</title>","<p id=\"Par1\">Most young adults and adolescents in the United Arab Em(...TRUNCATED) | [] | ["<title>Acknowledgements</title>","<p>The authors would like to thank Professor Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fig id=\"Fig1\"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p> A Bland-Altman plot showing agreement between (...TRUNCATED) | ["<table-wrap id=\"Tab1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Criteria for interpreting the Spearman r(...TRUNCATED) | ["<inline-formula id=\"IEq1\"><alternatives><tex-math id=\"M1\">\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n\t\t(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: These criteria were adapted from Schober et al.2018 [##UREF##41##43##].<(...TRUNCATED) | ["<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"12889_2023_15881_Article_IEq1.gif\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"12889_2(...TRUNCATED) | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"1.\"], \"mixed-citation\": [\"O\\u2019Donovan G, Lee I-M, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. As(...TRUNCATED) | {"acronym":["ATLS","ATLS-2","IPAQ-SF","METs","UAE"],"definition":["Arab Teen Lifestyle Study","Revis(...TRUNCATED) | 47 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:09 | BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 1; 23:1045 | oa_package/05/33/PMC10233181.tar.gz |
PMC10258666 | 37305907 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<p>\n<email>louise.rollins-smith@vumc.org</email>\n</p>","<p>One contribution of 14 to a theme iss(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Amphibians responding to changing environments</title>","<p>Amphibians are ancient creature(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Data accessibility</title>","<p>This article has no additional data.</p>","<title>Authors' (...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"2\"], \"x\": [\". \"], \"surname\": [\"P\\u00f6rtner\", \"P\\u00f6rtner\"], \"given(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 98 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:51 | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.; 378(1882):20220132 | oa_package/e5/f7/PMC10258666.tar.gz |
PMC10263403 | 37341226 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>","<p>Não há conflito com o presente artigo.</p>","<title>(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Introdução</title>","<p>O infarto do miocárdio com artérias coronárias não obstrutiva(...TRUNCATED) | [] | ["<fig position=\"float\" id=\"f01\"><label>Figura 1</label><caption><title>– A ventriculografia e(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"other\"><p>Vinculação acadêmica</p><p>Não há vinculação deste estud(...TRUNCATED) | ["<graphic xlink:href=\"0066-782X-abc-120-06-e20220705-gf01\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:(...TRUNCATED) | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"2\"], \"person-group\": [\"\\n\"], \"surname\": [\"Lypovetska\", \"Shved\", \"Gursk(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:35:10 | Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023 May 26; 120(6):e20220705 | oa_package/6e/8b/PMC10263403.tar.gz |
PMC10291421 | 37381861 | ["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>There is broad agreement that 15 000 years before the present (BP(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | ["<title>Conclusion</title>","<p>The IOEC theory we have developed in this paper and in Dow & Re(...TRUNCATED) | ["<p>One contribution of 20 to a theme issue ‘<ext-link xlink:href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rst(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>The Holocene environment and household inheritance</title>","<p>The HEHI theory of early in(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Acknowledgements</title>","<p>We thank Robert Kelly, Stephen Shennan, Eric Alden Smith, and(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"1\"], \"x\": [\". \"], \"surname\": [\"Kelly\"], \"given-names\": [\"RL\"], \"year\(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 41 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:51 | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.; 378(1883):20220293 | oa_package/1a/f7/PMC10291421.tar.gz |
PMC10368488 | 37490942 | ["<title>Introduction</title>","<p>Animals must gather, process and act on information about their s(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Material and methods</title>","<p>Adult fish were wild caught in 2011 and 2012 from Enos La(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Results</title>","<title>Are there species differences in use of social information?</title(...TRUNCATED) | ["<title>Discussion</title>","<p>We tested individual threespine stickleback fish on the ability to (...TRUNCATED) | [] | ["<p>Electronic supplementary material is available online at <uri xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.6(...TRUNCATED) | [] | ["<title>Acknowledgements</title>","<p>W. Fetzner and J. Martinez assisted with data collection. Mem(...TRUNCATED) | ["<fig position=\"float\" id=\"RSBL20230208F1\"><label>Figure 1<x xml:space=\"preserve\">. </x></lab(...TRUNCATED) | ["<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"RSBL20230208TB1\"><label>Table 1<x xml:space=\"preserve\">. </(...TRUNCATED) | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | ["<graphic xlink:href=\"rsbl20230208f01\" position=\"float\"/>","<graphic xlink:href=\"rsbl20230208f(...TRUNCATED) | [] | "[{\"label\": [\"2\"], \"x\": [\". \"], \"surname\": [\"Brown\", \"Laland\"], \"given-names\": [\"C\(...TRUNCATED) | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 40 | CC BY | no | 2024-01-15 23:43:51 | Biol Lett.; 19(7):20230208 | oa_package/ab/ce/PMC10368488.tar.gz |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Dataset Card for PMC Open Access XML
Dataset Summary
The XML Open Access includes more than 3.4 million journal articles and preprints that are made available under license terms that allow reuse. Not all articles in PMC are available for text mining and other reuse, many have copyright protection, however articles in the PMC Open Access Subset are made available under Creative Commons or similar licenses that generally allow more liberal redistribution and reuse than a traditional copyrighted work. The PMC Open Access Subset is one part of the PMC Article Datasets
This version takes XML version as source, benefiting from the structured text to split the articles in parts, naming the introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion, and reference with keywords in the text to external or internal resources (articles, figures, tables, formulas, boxed-text, quotes, code, footnotes, chemicals, graphics, medias).
The dataset was initially created with relation-extraction tasks in mind, between the references in text and the content of the references (e.g. for PMID, by joining the refered article abstract from the pubmed dataset), but aims in a larger extent to provide a corpus of pre-annotated text for other tasks (e.g. figure caption to graphic, glossary definition detection, summarization).
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[Needs More Information]
Languages
[Needs More Information]
Dataset Structure
Data Fields
- "accession_id": The PMC ID of the article
- "pmid": The PubMed ID of the article
- "introduction": List of <title> and <p> elements in <body>, sharing their root with a <title> containing "introduction" or "background".
- "methods": Same as introduction with "method" keyword.
- "results": Same as introduction with "result" keyword.
- "discussion": Same as introduction with "discussion" keyword.
- "conclusion": Same as introduction with "conclusion" keyword.
- "front": List of <title> and <p> elements in <front> after everything else has been searched.
- "body": List of <title> and <p> elements in <body> after everything else has been searched.
- "back": List of <title> and <p> elements in <back> after everything else has been searched.
- "figure": List of <fig> elements of the article.
- "table": List of <table-wrap> and <array> elements of the article.
- "formula": List of <disp-formula> and <inline-formula> elements of the article.
- "box": List of <boxed-text> elements of the article.
- "code": List of <code> elements of the article.
- "quote": List of <disp-quote> and <speech> elements of the article.
- "chemical": List of <chem-struct-wrap> elements of the article.
- "supplementary": List of <supplementary-material> and <inline-supplementary-material> elements of the article.
- "footnote": List of <fn-group> and <table-wrap-foot> elements of the article.
- "graphic": List of <graphic> and <inline-graphic> elements of the article.
- "media": List of <media> and <inline-media> elements of the article.
- "glossary": Glossary if found in the XML
- "unknown_references": JSON of a dictionnary of each "tag":"text" for the reference that did not indicate a PMID
- "n_references": Total number of references and unknown references
- "license": The licence of the article
- "retracted": If the article was retracted or not
- "last_updated": Last update of the article
- "citation": Citation of the article
- "package_file": path to the folder containing the graphics and media files of the article (to append to the base URL: ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/)
In text, the references are in the form ##KEYWORD##IDX_REF##OLD_TEXT##, with keywords (REF, UREF, FIG, TAB, FORMU, BOX, CODE, QUOTE, CHEM, SUPPL, FOOTN, GRAPH, MEDIA) referencing respectively to "pubmed articles" (external), "unknown_references", "figure", "table", "formula", "box", "code", "quote", "chem", "supplementary", "footnote", "graphic" and "media".
Data Splits
[Needs More Information]
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
Internal references (figures, tables, ...) were found using specific tags. Deciding on those tags was done by testing and by looking in the documentation for the different kind of possible usage. Then, to split the article into introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion, specific keywords in titles were used. Because there are no rules in this xml to tag those sections, finding the keyword seemed like the most reliable approach to do so. A drawback is that many section do not have those keywords in the titles but could be assimilated to those. However, the huge diversity in the titles makes it harder to label such sections. This could be the work of further versions of this dataset.
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
Data was obtained from:
- ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_bulk/oa_noncomm/xml/
- ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_bulk/oa_comm/xml/
- ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_bulk/oa_other/xml/
Additional content for individual articles (graphics, media) can be obtained from:
- ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc + "package_file"
Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
Annotations
Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
Discussion of Biases
The articles XML are similar accross collections. This means that if a certain collection handles the structure in unusual ways, the whole collection might not be as well annotated than others. This concerns all the sections (intro, methods, ...), the external references (pmids) and the internal references (tables, figures, ...). To illustrate that, references are sometime given as a range (e.g. 10-15). In that case, only reference 10 and 15 are linked. This could potentially be handled in a future version.
Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
Preprocessing recommendations
- Filter out empty contents.
- Remove unwanted references from the text, and replace either by the "references_text" or by the reference content itself.
- Unescape HTML special characters:
import html; html.unescape(my_text) - Remove superfluous line break in text.
- Remove XML tags (<italic>, <sup>, <sub>, ...), replace by special tokens?
- Join the items of the contents' lists.
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
Licensing Information
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/copyright/
Within the PMC Open Access Subset, there are three groupings:
Commercial Use Allowed - CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-ND licenses Non-Commercial Use Only - CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND licenses; and Other - no machine-readable Creative Commons license, no license, or a custom license.
Citation Information
[Needs More Information]
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