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Asking random, uncredentialed strangers for vague answers to a vague question does not constitute "research." It's the equivalent to chatting up strangers in a bar. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwM2JNNEJZZ01ZZ1VLdFkzcnN4TlJBVW80aWhBaktBMk44V3ItdkRkRDJUaUNhSkdERkNmeGthX3BCRUNpa292WUtmTTNBeDJ4T0ZTWkh2NHFyS0JDVEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EUkxKYVBMbDQwUEYyYWVBM3hCcV9tQ0ZaNHA4WV9iQmJ0T0wzb3ZRcGV5aUpiQzd5TTlPWUdoR2FHTGpRMVo5Y0ZSbWpwZnNqWndpbGVsZUdMZll3SDNfbUY5X2N2SmNFa1FGcEpOMVMyV2pUS055am9VNDJ3QVhwb0ctOGtTYjZqSTJjcERsNDhYbFJfX1NMMkVpQm5zaXdIM1ZYRE1OM0djTXhxLVA5OEtGSEZxYnFqbDVONHlZMXJwamVKVll2Z1FETmlUWW9WNWhycFBFN09IMUVnUT09 |
/u/ExerciseFirm4025, I have found an error in your post:
> “obv ~~its~~ [**it's**] a long”
You, ExerciseFirm4025, could have posted “obv ~~its~~ [**it's**] a long” instead. ‘Its’ is possessive; ‘it's’ means ‘it is’ or ‘it has’.
^(This is an automated bot. I do not intend to shame your mistakes. If you think the errors which I found are incorrect, please contact me through DMs!) | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwRHAzOFF2UFdrTFBpZXNuekNXSk1xZE9acE5rcFlzMjlpbUhsNHhqZmdaM1RYSDFTcDV2Qk9FYnpYak1NRHNjRHRnbW94eHk0anAwN0h4UzBydy0wdmlPV2EwdUNfYlRwRUpkTmFudVc0QVU9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EY3ZDTTQ0OGdsZmxrMVNrYWNLamZvMXZPb1hFWXFvZG1qeUNQZzNEaWRlQk1scnlBbjlHSmZ0WlhudmIxOV9HQUNBOERFcXRGU3dFNUxHajJrLUZMcW04UW8xNlpzZDZESDAzcG1pSTFFV3JwYTVLNkhqU2xUSXlVUF9wR3lvbkVpbEp3Z2NPNDE1T0hKenRaRVY1akNuVzZUdUZRQTVTTU1WUUQ5Ty1NanZrPQ== |
In light of UN member investments to promote prosperity for their people internationally while being forced to accommodate an increase of refugees, why couldn't we use the International Court of Justice to decide matters of equity? Asylum seekers fleeing corrupt governments lack a mechanism to assert complaints of being forced from their homes, while UN members have little influence on countries of origin. UN members could benefit injunctions, or rulings of specific performance placed on incompetent heads of state and by giving refugees their day in court, a global initiative to promote human rights would then empower them to exercise those rights for the benefit of their communities. Expanding our International Court of Justice to address equitable remedy might open jobs when robotic technology threatens labor, but could this be a viable opportunity? | r/refugees | post | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwN2FjYXd6dkFWdHZ2V1VRV0psSHpjQWcwT0lWZ0hBRzBmbFFqWjVBbjVTemVpcC1Ia1JOd3JkVHYzY05qRXZZNFI1THBwaFUyVzlvdUdlam9vaEk2Y0E9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EVk1hSmh0X0g1UWVRUGlfeVVKbWNieXcxNlBjaThQMnZzZFJidzA0c0VZcTBKbEhwM250UjF4dklORVFUMl9EVVJVbkR5WGpPQXBSU0F4bFpBb1Z4alc0dU5oVmZoNGF0Rll6NDFxLUNlR0N2c19DSHBFOXdqUjMwWTBYYkctNFRReWx3RWRQaFdJcTFmSE01Z3FGQmtBMGdEMG9hM1JFUlVqbmt1SVA0ZWlTaDVVVnpNdnQxZUEzTEthNTJ1d3FvenFQbV9xU0JvRXFFUnJDc0o2MnRwdz09 |
(Update #1)
\- There has been a dramatic increase in wells running dry in the South East & North West sections of the Central Valley. The ground in certain areas has sunken 10-28 feet due to aquifer depletion. Once this happens the water does not come back underground to that location. Areas in the North West Central Valley that typically get 12.5 inches of rain have only gotten 1.5 inches. The grass in that region did not have enough water to complete their life cycle and dried two months earlier than what typically is expected. The worst areas were in West Shasta County and West Tehama County, but water depletion was observed throughout California interior landscapes.
\- There are emerging implications of the drought as Central Valley farmers leave more than 400k acres empty. Normally vast landscapes of watered crops have a cooling effect on the local climate through evaporation, but this year dry empty fields will likely cause drier air this summer and allow temperatures to get much hotter in the Central Valley, a region which already gets triple digit heat.
\- Due to the water shortages many hydroelectric dams will be unable to operate, which utility companies are warning in advance will cause outages during peak demand in summer. This could be a cascading effect causing a dramatic spike in heatstroke among local residents. Unfortunately we are also predicting a very severe fire season this year, which will also impact both on-grid and off-grid solar for extended periods of time, possibly even months. This combined effect could leave many people running on generators while gas prices are already extremely high.
\- Zone Blue #1 Northern Coastal areas are still predicted to remain most habitable (from Marin County to Del Norte), Coastal Humboldt County and Coastal Del Norte County seem to have the healthiest ecosystems currently out of all samples we have taken. Plant and soil moisture levels are optimal in these locations at the present time even though elsewhere there has been drought degradation in nearly every other region in California. We believe this is likely due to the region's ability to generate its own precipitation from Coastal fog. The mountains seem to do a better job at trapping the coastal air in this region, which allows the clouds to reach dew point after they enter at night and form nighttime drizzle occasionally. This area also benefits from cool ocean air during summer causing evaporation to be slow. The ecological health of this region is the only positive news we have to report during this term.
\- Unfortunately in the Sierra mountain range & the Eastern Mendocino mountain range there has been unprecedented tree die off both from drought and from a snowstorm during winter that caused a build up of heavy snow on branches. This caused drought affected trees to buckle and break during winter. But as the branches and trees dry out during summer it will add to the fuel load during fire season. This alone will increase fire risk. But worse even is that the surviving trees that were damaged heal themselves by increasing resin output. We have measured it this year, and there is significantly increased resin that could cause the trees to become extremely dangerous if they catch on fire, possibly to the point of explosive combustibility. If there are fires on either of these mountain ranges it often causes extended smoke accumulation in the Northern Central Valley which could lead to unsafe air quality for cities such as Redding, Red Bluff, and Chico.
\-The last three years have been La Nina years. Which causes cool surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. This usually creates a cooling effect over the West coast of the US, but unfortunately it has had very little impact at stopping the extreme summer heatwaves which inland California has been experiencing annually. We do worry about how high the temperature could climb once La Nina has finished it's cycle, because this year Earth has reached it's highest CO2 content to date. Additionally La Nina should cause increased precipitation for Northern California, but instead there has been far less.
\-Comments: We are witnessing a rapidly changing climate, and we've been working hard to document as much as possible. We believe that just as inland Southern CA is a desert, inland Northern CA will also soon become a desert. Desertification is happening all around the world right now, and this is where we are observing it happen here.
\[\[ Original Post below \]\]
For a college project my group spent half the year studying regions in California for their future habitability as climate change progresses.
We researched both on the ground and using public climate and event records.
The regions listed above are 2 high risk land areas and 2 climate refuge land areas.
As simplistic as our presentation is our findings are based on lengthy and rigorous studying. Please be respectful in the comments because I am not going to argue with anyone on here. Often people that dispute the facts are either personally invested in high risk areas or they are climate change deniers. I don't have the patience for either. The reason I'm posting this on reddit is to gather public responses before our presentation.
The purpose of the presentation is to reach out to developers so they can start preparing housing and business in safer locations as the climate crisis continues.
* (High Risk Zone: Red #1) The Central Valley is a low lying flat region. Most of the central valley is going to be high risk, but the highlighted area is of particular concern. In this area high population cities such as Sacramento and Stockton are located. The elevation in Sacramento is 26ft and Stockton is 13ft. When people think of areas impacted by sea level rise, most people think of coastal areas. But the reality is for California most of the land impacted by sea level rise will be the Central Valley region. Most coastal locations in California are situated far enough above sea level to be safe. Los Angeles for example has a elevation of 305ft and will continue to be well above water inundation. Unfortunately for low lying inland cities such as Sacramento, the rise will overwhelm infrastructure. Ground water will likely get pushed up from underground before ocean flooding even arrives. This region is also heavily impacted by wildfire smoke because the central valley acts like a bowl trapping the smoky air in. The region is already known to have some of the worst air quality in the nation, but the increase in wildfires is adding an extra air quality hazard on a regular basis.
* (High Risk Zone: Red #2) The Western facing Sierra foothills is the highest risk wildfire zone in California, and likely the highest risk zone in the United States. The elevation of the sierra foothills is 500 ft - 4000 ft. You may think at those elevations that the climate would feel cooler, but as someone who has a lot of personal experience in this area that is not the case. Unlike the Central Valley, the Sierra Foothills does not have access to the delta breeze, which is a cool coastal wind that provides relief on hot summer days to the Central Valley. Additionally those elevations are not high enough to create a cool summer climate and the added UV impact in this hot climate just makes it sting to be in the sun and heats up houses faster. The air heats quicker at this elevation which causes a larger portion of the day to be hot. 90F in the sun at this elevation often feels worse than 100F in the Central Valley. Las Vegas for example is 2000ft elevation and is the second hottest City in the United States. The summer heat in this region is often underestimated. Wildfire risks here are high. 60 percent of rain in California falls in the Sierras. But it all dumps down within a few winter months and then it quickly gets hot and dry for more than half the year. The high winter precipitation creates a lot of brush that burns. High winter Rainfall and the hot dry summer which has only been getting hotter and drier is why this area is such a fire risk. Additionally the types of vegetation that grows in this region burns hotter than most woods. Not all forests are equal when it comes to fire risk. Unlike coastal California, the humidity inland is vastly reduced and fires thrive in the dry air. Humidity levels in the foothills are often as low as 5% because extra moisture doesn't arrive from the delta breeze. Even after severe wildfires a new wildfire can happen every year due to the dry grasses and the fact that organic matter on the ground takes years to decompose during the extended dry times. This means that even the top soil can burn. Paradise CA and Greenville CA which both completely burned down within the last few years are located in zone Red#2. The cost alone for fire insurance in high wildfire risk zones is around 5-10× more to insure. Which will suppress development for businesses and farms in these areas. All this combined makes the Sierra Foothills area one of the least habitable regions based on our data.
* (Refuge Zone: Blue #1) The Northern California coast has elevated topography that will not be impacted much by sea level rise. Additionally the cool ocean air gets trapped into the coastal region making the air cool and moist. The trees in the coastal belt of far northern California are more likely to moss over than burn. Additionally the coastal winds that move West to East and mountain range shelters the area in from most wildfire smoke even when there are fires blazing inland. This area particularly stands out as a refuge away from extreme heatwaves. For example during the Pacific Heatwave of 2021 Redding CA was nearly 120F while Eureka CA was 65F-70F at the same time. Summers and winters in the area are mild, and as climate change continues this region will likely be one of the most comfortable climates in the United State. We predict this area will soon be a extremely desirable location to live due to the weather. Similar to how Santa Barbara is in present day.
* (Refuge Zone: Blue #2) The high desert region in southern California will be considered a climate change refuge because of the lack of flammable vegetation. Although it does get hot here, as wildfires continue to get worse a new appreciation for desert life will likely arise. Additionally because there is very little forest upwind of this area, wildfire smoke will be less of an issue compared to most other interior regions.
Closing thoughts:
We would like to be a voice of encouragement for developers to utilize these less populated refuge regions in order to prepare the near future population for displacement and climate change related disasters. The only long term cost effective solution is a slow preplanned migration.
There are other risk and refuge locations that we identified in our research, but these are the areas we found to be most significant. We wanted our presentation to be easy to understand as a guide for development.
​
https://preview.redd.it/e2e2jvigisc91.png?width=1560&format=png&auto=webp&s=3428adc3b6164b2befa102d113dac5028c4f00b9 | r/refugees | post | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwMWtXUnU0NmhGdGJCMndZYTFNaHY0T1ltS0hxUlJFa0ZVMWhvU2JBczBfTkRraXdzWERtNHhGTzlVSzYyWE5DWGc0Ym5Pb3FldmtLNW9vQTFJYXA0TFE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EaU9tVDhGRkUyUkR2M0p0dEVuLU5ZdnpwdFRsQXdub3p2NnN4RV9uaWhCWlktTzl2eC1EV1AzX2hiU25jYk9IX1pWOUVlbU9RR3h5WlBaZzhYV0dEdmdlQ0twQzJUZnB6cE9fbFloV2JGdEhjLVlwV3lhQWV2SWMyalRISjhjSUpLbEpWYllJNGltRU5qekdoakk4TXg1NjFiTTRDbW9TTWFfYzVzR0Z1elc3a0gwOG5SOVpJbnRpQWhZNE9ab255WTJyaFJBWnNBc2lfWG9PeGJDTjBkZz09 |
wow why so unkind? | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwbGZVVS00MUI5RUJkekh4VlJrVVVET1RDUGU4djl0ZzA4N29Ra19nXzR0X0F5MGRDSHd1aTNodjl6dFRSZDlRQV91RlNkS0FfSjhfM0hPclBJNXFpZUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdXRMaExtd1RTbXpwS0htNzFYUU1iUDRVeWUya081SlpDeWNjQ2VaQnRqbk1obWFLUkcwUFlZM2NWOUY4cUFQNmFFcE5uMUs5RVZiNlFBMmxHaXhUYk1CemFHMWUyaWFTU3ktOHppZjJNZXNDb3NQUGFnZ1R2SkRJbFcyal9pTW5paEVuVUtQVjZZZHlibnp4VDgwZEFmNFN1TDB3T0prcU9jUmZkSUl5REJYT21tbTRacDZOVkkwenpCaFRJM3JlSmtlcGNnZHRYQ0RPNjJQM3VYNEZ6dz09 |
Because as a professor I am super frustrated with poorly researched papers, and as a refugee advocate, I'm frustrated with people who won't take the time to understand that each refugee situation is different.
Refugees have been through a hell of a lot. They deserve serious attention, not overly simplistic explanations. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-20 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwweGpoeDgwOWIyUUdxb0Z4bjJmRmtycVY3VFplZzF0YlZLRUptU1pwUzZVZ1JfbXJtX2lBaEp0RWF6Y1R2MGlZMERFN2xXamhlRE5uUGlwNDBBMUpqckE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ERkxvMnZaOWhkbkFOWExtR2xSQV9BeEJlUTc3MVo2cDM2UjBaaFROVG1SN0ZfZVJ1b1MweERmZkZXaHRocThWb1dHaGtBck5lTDk5aWNpSllUMmMweFJzbTNpNThDSkxqVnBGVGtheWN4cXJHdEQ3RVJzQXV4czE3c2thNlhKNmx2UHRRbzRlT05URDlEazVfSm1Ec1RpTVpkQnowREpmb0RUTUJNWWpvcUtGaTRjVFdEc05ZS2lWbnI2VkRlNzRoN0RLM1pzWFkzaDRXM1FIcXJncjM4UT09 |
thank you for your explanation and I'am glad you think this way sorry for my previous comment. I know that refugees go through a lot and it is a sad situation that there are so many and so many forgotten at the same time. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwOUNxTmQzZ3FWS3FaOV9HOEhOSmZCZzJDSldsanJOYnVWNDJRUXppUGU0QUlDNVJLX0RUcE5TTzlNTnBxc0VlbTFYaFJQOFRsVVdiemQ5dmFvc1QzbWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbDJvUHlGWjhIRUdFNEE5aXVLMlI2M1RVNDJwUm5qbEJfZmFmUW9jcC1Vd1h3TzRoWjdxcTRtWEdrRmJ2Q3J0emYxS1p1WXB4NUZIY20zYnRnekRsMkwweF93X09OUEZOZlBmTlNnaV9yVlB6cFcyOEdoZl93MEwxb2VQMXI4X25Bck5Kcm9YS3dCbDY2UmRabGpOV1BKQkI2VVRxemlnSkUzcEdETkdUSmlWZFR6QjZyU2xuMzVZX0JrUnBKeUplLUItRDFzaVRpbkIxTk01aU9oN0M4Zz09 |
On more than one occasion, Musk suggested that human trials were imminent at Neuralink. As a recent [article](https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/neuralink-co-founder-departs-musk-backed-startup-sources-2022-07-19/) reports, a rival startup (Synchron) -- established the same year as Neuralink -- implanted their first human subject this month. As the article notes:
> Meanwhile, Neuralink has yet to receive FDA approval, though Musk has predicted the could company could begin human trials as early as 2020. Most recently, he said in 2021 that the company planned to start implanting its computer chip in humans by 2022.
It is also notable that Neuralink cofounder invested in Synchron after leaving Neuralink. | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwX2txOFVkSEpWY3BtQ0FZUVR0b0FYWXBwU1RGU1I5U0R2bGotSWpwSjduZWZOSzdxMXk4SFZYTDM3LTh6WkpkVkh0UnJmTHZraXRFVGRCREs3SlFuMGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EMzBGVEJsTE5ZMVVtVElXc3pWQU9wUXlydWh2a0tsdDFOaXZHZmZrSnc0VVk4aXhPM2xhcGo0VmppU2dhZm5Ud0RFNTJlOGFZWm1leDNUNWhfUHZLMG9hWTlKb1hTT3VtZ3p2Ym9TUW9pNTJ3VWJXeG1JM1VZWnBEd0dnU1ptWGRNWTd4RnRDN2NwYnhGeFNyYVpfUmJ2M2hHYXlhZjlkdVRoRXZVNHh2N0xRaVlHTm5tWnUyUjI3NEo5N2lFOFlkRXJPN184YnNJMnR2TTRuemhWTlJ3QT09 |
Have seen more sharing of articles from sites like SouthFront, InfoBrics and OneWorldPress, particularly over on Twitter. A reminder that these are Russian Intelligence linked sites! InforBrics and OneWorldPRess are linked in their WhoIs data to the GRU! They put out Kremlin disinformation at the moment particularly about Ukraine! I try to track the disinformation over on Twitter - HTracker10 | r/disinformationwatch | post | r/DisinformationWatch | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQW9neGstbFpuYjhXdmVwM21aT1FMYi1pQTRNN1lwMzQ3dnlwelg4Vkh2aWEtY3NRM1NPOXUzT2pveGJZbE51dU1SSEVVVUtVMWU2QmthTUp4OG8yalE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EV3lQNzlrWlE5d1Bib1FzMHFmYkFldjdTRWd1Ul9CQlh4QnV0N25nN0ZBRGdzNThob2l4YVQ4RVdxOThOUG01T2VOajJJbE5iR2VzWGdFTkt4dWctSUYtMmZZbWVQTGp1OXBoRFRSa0Y4dGNBOHdvcHAtX2h5bUtOdlppZHdjRGNjanF4UlRaV3VBWVVHTG1JeVBLY0Q5bXgtT1RJM0RLNG05Ry03dXUyZmF6YlBxOFgzSmx1eDY5TkdaZTBKM0JG |
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*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/DisinformationWatch) if you have any questions or concerns.* | r/disinformationwatch | comment | r/DisinformationWatch | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTFhKaTRmX3VrWkZvZ3BnQndaVlNwQ3dGYlE4Y2ZCNFo2MFJQR2xXRy0wUklOZ2dfTVBKLWNQM2l4SDlqSU1aUVVXcFhwbVJOQU1IVVd3cGpSdk1reEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZmhhNnVGa2JiOEJCRjkzdkI0SDRoM2l5OGZpTzZGa1hlOGFtajBWTkNPZHhjOGNIYlcyZVVSUDBzbXJqcGVudFNaNUo0Wi1KSmpQOUowYUFYQzdVX3BDMHBNclZVd2VOVnh3Uzhuc09lSnpBVFhJcXRIZlhXVnZhUFR0YlI0TzM2SnVJYlU0Rk1xVkthN2dsTExNNC1oVHRXZTY0eTE4VHhOSHpJaUQteVhIODl6d1ktQlNZbnZWT2JEYnNUZ1Z4M3FnMXpMMncxbW5TX1hvbkZCTk1Udz09 |
Hello everyone.
I am 99.10% complete with my evidence/documents, however nearly all of my evidence that I have are of the other language, not in English. I've translated them all for the best of my ability. Names, voice recordings captioned in English, etc., are all translated by me.
Do I still have to ask for an interpreter during an interview?
Thank you all, | r/refugees | post | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwM1NEaGNHQV9tc2ZMMElTRG1rRUx2akNEMEVyRDYzSTFVYTRYSGF2RWw2V29WT0JvTnE3SVctNFk2WHJmNFlOREFuQk9GVzBhZTRrVEYtNHJQX0tBNmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ES0lHc0REZkhQb2Jud0xxR1JHMWU3TmhVN05kb29DaXBmZVg2d1hZbXpUTGU4cTJIbXUxYjhtSTVvSjNmaU0tVWlWeDJVNjBaZ2VhRGtkdGEyT0VUYUJXeGQ1bEtPcmxiMEdad2pYSm43SkJVR0xYaDgyVVZ2Z3ljUXBRMHA0WV9BYjZnOEZTY3NNclZ6NTR4Z2pTdFFMZGtLZXJ0N3hpeWhDZXNaRXNVSkNIREpqcWFQNEVhRUM5VW9BS2NHbjZC |
https://www.uscis.gov/ukraine
Edit: I hit submit before I was finished 😅
It’s my understanding you have to find a person willing to sponsor you and they must meet the requirements for income and such.
You’ll also need to provide information. Not sure how old your brother is but it could be a problem if your outside of Ukraine and need specific documents.
We had some confusion with the background check, but https://od.npu.gov.ua/ is doing them electronically. We didn’t use the U4U program though. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUDYwUEwxUFVVTUJNUnNDbmJMYnJiSDl6YUhpNm5HblVONEVpVzVBUXl2Mzk4SVRNSnZZTGN6N2ppdXBIQlNOY0ZVdG5hanFxSlFEUHFTSUZQTnZLNUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQVRCUmQxT19kSzE4UDktWHZMemxvTzdxNjUwcXFiai10dGNNMlItdFBxSXk2RHREa05tdzVGaVhxckVWOW9tZDZSTndjQURQSmE0dzJzZVJldDdiWm9QT2JTTWFpSmN4dDhBUjZFUkdINHFCcEN3VVlkbWYweWc5QURuOUlJMGpiLVRoSlI2OXd3WjhXb1VLOEE3bjZDOUdfTnBJQkVCaEJNWkJiSjBwa0RNPQ== |
Yes. This is the problem. Be careful of who you are trusting if you find a sponsor.
Maybe posting here or looking for organizations in the USA.
Maybe this https://ukraine.welcome.us/uk-UA/connect
Good luck. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUllDdDY3aFMzbXFFb2xqU1BtcUhnNjk1anFsMzFMRWF6Qi0xOUEzbFAxQVh5QThBMDZzRkppZkpsTkQzSWIyUW82U3J6ZFJZcl90a01UUE9BYXVlbVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ESGJ2b3QxSkQ3Y0ZtRmk2OGQyS1lJY1UxQ09iV1lSZHgxNEZ2V3gtSXlYM2hhRVhXbktUR0JULTgwQktfbXN6bDlPLXp5LTJkZmJTVmtya1NMRkhWRXp4aEpRLS1oRzVGRExHMWpTV3VGM2pPTVdZcHpJS0F1TFJCNnFRbDFiNllWc1pzYU10Z2d2TGFmTDBWcGcxeGJUZ0Uyek9GZjl3a21DWE1veGppcE1zPQ== |
Sacramento CA and I think somewhere in South Carolina have big Ukrainian communities. Maybe post on their subreddits or contact Resettlement agencies in the area to see if they have partnerships with local organizations? | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQ056aTdGR3ROMDlQeFFTNTZEUjFBa1VXa3BPcW5uXzNHNUk1bWdKRzJBSmkyb0N1LXZUM1VwYjlVNjd3S29fb3RoNjZaZUkwQTRPRUhYcEgzckZQMm1JZGloV3BYZFhYSWlNei1nR3N6UkU9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EeWdrRlJmOC1rN2IwWE91U3RhRTN3OGVRR29uQVRFcjR5UGsyUm1pSGxfVUhvR0IzWENwaUlrZ1VlT3hlVFU1cng2S0F3NTQ4Yk16WkVXOXFpR3U5VllzNmdpZmU5Ty1ZVzdrYWd5YlVwQmpTay1RTXNON2Rxc19ValdMTGxtaEpPSGwwZVFoSHhsdTd2amRzZEluN0FzTDAyX3N3dVlqRkJtbWpPSm9SYS1rPQ== |
I don’t know what interview you mean, but it’s probably about gaining refugee status. Am I right? It also sounds like you are asking whether or not you should request somebody to interpret your documentation, rather than whether or not you should request somebody to interpret for you, so that you can be sure you understand questions that are being asked of you.
Well, this is a pure guess, not based on experience: I will bet you that they would not be willing to accept your interpretation of your documentation. They probably will, however, accept the documentation itself. They just would want to provide their own interpreter to make sure that the documentation is exactly what you say it is. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwZ1JpRzA4cG1sbzB6RlJFYkFrd0Rsc2Q4ZHdPTEV2alZPX1dTYUpSNURJbVRfdzZvUFkwVFpEcmp5V2huN3BwN3F2MzNjOUdxZTdWNlFBMXJQeXFMbWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EOTAybXd0LUF1VE5HVzl1RS1MT250SzZ6c01uc2k5S2pvUFVhN3lrTU1uV1d3R3RKbXJMM2ZjY05nREpENHJLZFh6MVFWWW16S1lUSGNZd1ZZYlptS29nLTBUVEoxbjVJdkcwbUhzck5iTjRtWGFJMjhqeDhQcExIaXEtYTNXV0o0TkxHTU1XVkpLZ09kWVR6YzJra3N1TEdOQlU5aEhUOF9DendZYzFSdWhaYXoxQlNxdW16aVFuRldsdEIwaHdKdlZtYXpIdEVQZ0d2TDc3N0JOYldUdz09 |
I have two thoughts.
1) Have someone else review and verify the translation of your supporting documents. Even my wife did that and she was the vice-chair of her Linguistics Department at the college in her native country where she was employed to teach English. She also served as professional translator and interpreter. Still, she had one of her subordinates verify the document translation.
2) I would absolutely ask for a translator for any interview unless you are completely bilingual. Let someone else that is more bilingual than you worry about getting the translation/interpretation correct so you can completely focus on formulating the most truthful and accurate answers in the language you are most comfortable in. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwZDh4Vm50dGQ2Q3FESTM1VVFIT3hFTnRCeUp3S1Q3UEFPVXpLMDFGaEJSeW14SThVRHRmMy1zZ01tejVBSEVTcllRMld4Z2hwWjI3NmRZa3ExVE1Hc2E1b0FHTXVUcjViMUt6WFFsME9kRmc9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EY3ZVZ2cxTlZTZEFhVm9ZanlKVEJRLW56aERGeVRUQmxjUW0ycnNFSmo2aHFNbjZCREk4NWhBSGJpWU0yMVhRaW9TME13WGtfTkZsQ3NCTjRpZUVKSU1uNjNFVEdHX0FvSkJJQWlyYW1FWlh2VGJnT0tKWUcxNU9yTkVxVnc0X1paR0pPaS1UbmhEclFIdWp5a2IwSXVmc1ZZNnU5MDN5WEtNWlFjczFTU0RkUEhCNXM2ODA4Tzg4YWhERHlUbUVxNzVYSUp6SkJTbTJJMkpLbGM2NEowUT09 |
In Poland situation is morally difficult.
Refugees come for Belarus from all around the world.
They are in poor health and mostly DO NOT want to stay in Poland.
So - in theory - there should be no problem in accepting them.
BUT
1. Accepting them would mean that MORE people would follow
2. Each of those people PAY regimes in Belarus nad Moscow to get there.
3. Those regimes USE that money for weapons and waging WAR ON UKRAINE
So we (Poland) are in sittuation where letting refugees from Belarus in = paying for massacre of civilians in Ukraine.
CURRENT APPROACH
Building the wall was not meant to STOP migration but to make it harder to avoid capture.
After capture you are either deported OR detained for months/years until YOUR COUNTRY accepts you back (no Germany). And od course data gather ( so even if you somehow get to EU you are deported).
**Current approach is built around killing hope that going through Belarus would EVER result in building life in EU.**
Most Poles accept it | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-22 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQklyQU85bGszbUZLSWxiaEl5ek5KNkJUcE5XaWtXaFZYX0hzb2J6c1Y0bU1PbVVaWktxNC00eS01SHB6WUd3SlRCSEVsQTNiMkExNUZncDNJQXY4UDdtMEJISXJiLUNuRHJabzR0S2Zudmc9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EMUtXdkIzTmlzMlp5Z3dIdjloR0pUNC10X29pV1ZRUWUtME9YdEZJZTlXMk9xWTN2M2d4a2VELWp3QVhJNHl0dFJSZzR1RWJZTjAzc3lKMHVsMkJESlRyTktuMXhyUW44dEhwYW1YWS1DU2NLWFIwWGlUT0wtcGQ0YXFLeHlPaWQ3LUh5QmJNSmV0XzdqSEV2R1haRVVSRDlOU1g5MW1fY1ZnQTYxMVZtRWJfZW12a3c4Vi1KNUc0TU95cnlhQjlWNVZYX2hwemV5ekJVdlE3ZkRTSXNOQT09 |
Got it! Thank you!! | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwelJ4M29iTzFUc2NvM0hlTTB6cVBtRHdSY3BIV29wMDlnUjUzRm5EYnM3XzFUMTEtNG5TMnNmTmxYa2xBT0R2dG4tQVpVa09KNE5xX2tvLXN6Zk4tVGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENHlkd0hSNlZmYzltaW1aT1hnNTFzN2ZHSnpTcm9MQ0lKdzdLVUFCeVk1UXRnVDBITTNQc2FZcWhuWnJRb1I0eFVRQjQ3RXN2WnZ1NWJHNFlPeWRXWEdMdldTMWFSdElsQ3ZsQzNhMlZfNTBpd05DMjNVN1R3X09vWGIyQTUyVl9ySFEySFJrc2NhVWxGb3dEMU5FT2dCNk9tb3N1Q3dXQ0xvcExaSUVTMnZGRGczdEYtYnNSdWsyb185b2FadE80RFppaW15clhCQTEzRFlUYWFoVFo5Zz09 |
The UN has always been against Russia | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-07-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwY1I2a2VPUzRKRVBaVUJHam00SW0xMFJkcmNyT0xjWnY4Rkx0RUpwdFVVeFZxMWJkaFV1SHR2QzI3c0RZdnFWTVlpbVk4WDBfTUh0VUo2ZmhnaWxwSkE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdnMwRk9lVmI2MVhpanRobUR1aThFZU9GUXNVQnVSaHFNbDVkdXNfdHRzSldBUUFRZnhVSUJJMm1BUFBGN3EySGNUWmdEUEhZNjRtYmZtV21iVkRCT01XOWUyLTBpcXlSNkxLV0p3dEpSRDN4OXZqQVA4SDF2Nlo4M05kUGQwY3ZjR1BPWk5WVk4yOFVlS1JWY2RfVk5nUDNIc3g0V3kxQjY3UzV3ZTBKVmZ4Z2FHek1WeGtBeFRpODY4LXdIdFZ3cVk1SmV1ZEtvX2g0Nm1KZWNWMXd3UT09 |
Since 1934, Ukraine has been sending politicans to Nazi education programs...Sudoplatov a spy wrote about the whole thing. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-07-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwYTdwRWhRVjN2LTI2bUQwbElWWno1UXdXdm1zX3FHTUw0VWZkdG9TZy1hNW5xc1o3VVNFNGNaNlZqV3FVeEZSazY0N2F1bERNRF9Od2xaSHZuV3MwUEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EUGQxQXI2bjY3WXhKNHlMamhURDNLeVJQV3VQOEpLakpfTkZ1US1JQ2lqLWV2YnRYUDllMWtiRy1BVjFWQzNod2pRSlF2UkQ0OGhvNzctT1NobFNpT3BWS09rTHA5SXJEVWtNeGxkY2NoN1RBYWZtZlNJdzF4QTdKVkJhLXZkYWhnR3BrVTBPNmVRRndzNTVWaWZ3ckxGQXQwcjBlUHlSclFlSVVlc1N4d2hBWmQyQ0kxcU1xQVBZUHRkcHBvdUdzelcydmdQd2tLRXJWNlRIWkJWaUM5eVpXR1ZfUC1KYk9FZkNxd0p5NDVTWT0= |
Saying that UN is against Russia is the same thing as saying that the entire world is against Russia.
If anything Russia has extra privileges in the UN. For example, they are the the only 5 permanent members of the security council and one of the few veto holders. So if anything Russia has more power in the UN than most countries. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-07-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwVXVKN2RnX2xuNUpnUC1HN0ZkdGp4Y19IWjZDWFFuNEIyOWZIM2twTU9Bb2xycEloYTVRd1RLNC1BaHBoeEU3YmdVSFl2RjZpaVk0VTJETXo3QUZja3c9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbUhKZXV0ek0wN3ViUHBsTHUwRFVodEJfOHZjeDVGc2FMdE5PejRuS3pkWkpHcWFhR0NQNzJHSzc5QzdZNEF1a0h5WmtlaURXNHJWZTdqMmtGNVdVWkFvZEVFZ0pTVzN5M2xXZzhuSlRkcEphc2V2TWphR1FtLVlSNkpkNTdOYXJOUE9LLVBMOV9OMTVYLVhtQ21RMk45SEotTTN0T3JLNUVZM21FSXZ3M2p2Y0pNbUhMZEdQUXJadTJNVzFGd2lkQk1IQTAwOHhZbGU3aVIwNnN0c3lKUT09 |
A very famous book;Sun Tzu's Art of War
Happy to help a fellow person who likes war strategy too;) | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-07-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQ2ZNazhsZmcxVW80ZVdzZVNjLTVsVXNmbTN1d0V4eG1PRFoxUTFaZVFqUlVlZ2NuWXZSTjVibVJJdHFUY1Q4NnJWcWQ3QUs1Zm1uT050a0dsMVpMVVdyQlFBVzU3VEltMmZtU1duVWo4aWs9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EWXpIY3FqSjZ2VXlkMnhIZnlPS3J2OGhfVW9MSG92M3VwMWZsNmZOWnVrVVlGeXhoQm9hTDV2LVJENnlBZUVmMlUwWng5WGRQa2dVdXNmZ21TYkZPdDR3eDZMZlRNQ0xqdkhDRGpmX2Iya3VreE1wTmJEdVVlQUVvWGdHSUlLSE4zbWRaTFMtWElzblBsN1M5d2c3eVRseUk3N0pjcFQ0M1VnTndUVTRyZUM2cTFGWkJkZVFLUGhTekVLdm5hQ1BQN2tXakJsRU9mdGFVTWFEUWEtbU9lUT09 |
ELI5 For my anime watchers, is this like the headgear in SAO? | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-07-25 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwT0o0VGp6Mm5UR2szb3U5VDRCNGoxMXA4cnFuVWlwY09jalY2M1lVRmhwdWswd0x0WlprYk9hazZSSWhFMy15MVpyMEQ5aThjT0dGbzV6ZlR1bWNCOWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EOWVvZUxLU2Y0ZV9iWVF4N0FoenVBRHRneXdGcVRqUXhrSGZ3X3pOVjE4LXpsX2Z1N28xbUxLQXJ3bWstdlJ1MDhKaXZ3RGVTeWlxR280OHFkQkNXMFBsRWlPN0FiTlVhcENENmZxdkVFM3A0R3dQUGNYWHVaTFRjb2l2aVlFbjZ6MEE5eWtLbHI5bXd4UVV5S0NtdG1LNXhjOC0wVGhvVmEzYWZJVU1FMk5jPQ== |
>Farhat Bengdara, who is seen as closely allied with Haftar, was appointed head of the NOC by Dbeibah earlier this month, and forces and tribes loyal to Haftar announced an end to the months-long oil exports blockade the following day. | r/libyancrisis | comment | r/LibyanCrisis | 2022-07-25 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwaWRnY3hMZFpldENjaVlPaExOc0FkSklHaS1yR1h2V1E2SFhabl9lTExmZktXU3FmUHRGeTl5RWxwUkVRSE83UE1jM1h0aHZDbGlqdmQ3MUluQXJDMVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EMkMzdTJ6UFZ6V3p1NnlNV2F3STNlZWRlXzRnemxzY3Q5VEhuSVdNNTBqZnR6QkJaeXhhclVVQWwxd2JfNW96TXJQRXRtWl9NbmFTYlYzeWJRNUZCNjR4QUdjd3RqQ1prLVNtanVwTVc5dE5oY3VMYTBSSGpRUmhaVW50Zlg3OWxhMl9GdlhwMU9pdHl6ZFo2N21wWmVhNHN5THlhY3pxNW5fVGdFYTBqd18xYXVNYXJqcnpEeFA4Vk5WcVZnNlZPUFNGcXBaVHE4Nm9qYmdXVXo3SVRXQT09 |
Bureaucracy and lack of co-operation between authorities. I would say is the main reason. Look at The Netherlands right now where families with children were sleeping outside as there is no adequate housing for them. It is shameful in such a prosperous and well organized country:( | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-26 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTFRpX2FEeEwyWTVrcElGanVFR0k0eHlTOFNlV0sxMlNrMHZtLVFDSFcyTUJVbDRaRFdmc3dHVkxoaW1VY1B5MkxFR3JuR1dLd2YtZ2hIdC1vT1cwelE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ERV8xdmQ1S1hEYnRRbWQ4V2s2eVpPZXZ1M0dQMWtzcFY4RmtoSjF2RVZUQjI5NlpqeDI0S2tuZFRsdkIwZmZEZXN5TDRvRUIxbUg5R3VmX05JbkVSa1dfbHpZbUZDNDV6Z0NpUXFtcTNDVmNYeXowQjhzeGVpUW9IZlY0bXlVVTg5ZUttXzZiNTMxVVIyR2NIOGRQdWl4UGdieDVnd3pPUm94U3diZGVsZ0FBU3ZLUlBEN20yaXNnel8yaGVVNTM2ZzFkYXRSQW9pbWFmeFdZczFPRlItdz09 |
what the hell does it has anything to do with refugees?
Poland is upset they have lost their low wage workers so what? | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-26 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV2xLTFdhVkYyVktaUjhXdFNKYU5vMlJWdWJ3QUhxeVQ4ZFdzZ19iTWxBT1B2NnNHVGI2cllJY2NoRzdNc3gyRzh3aEVGMWZoMUUtYWhiUnFXOHhnR1E9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdHB4N0JxcE51SF9IdG9TRC1Xc25aYmpfa0RNcEVmSjZnd0Z1V3FBZUtjSUVoa3RxYVk1TUNsaldqdVNOdnFKQmx3d3VmN19RNlZLbmNJMGJyeXRHLUotSGk1U1dJdmQ5dTktcjJsTUNDUzFPQUl6MWY4dmwwTTNwMUUxVHNFaEFSUGc4VzNKZXZBSEpiN0JrSUIxb1k0YzNGY1BRb25SUzE5VmI5cXA3R3Q3a0RnUTdrdWxBdG4tVUQ4bmdQRF9kZ0R3dHExTzFxSjVXd2J1YkpwTUxKdz09 |
StatNews published an article yesterday entitled [Four brain-computer interface companies you should watch (other than Neuralink)](https://www.statnews.com/2022/07/25/four-brain-computer-interface-companies-you-should-watch-other-than-neuralink/). The article is _behind a hard paywall_, so it's anybody's guess what companies they are referring to. The brain-computer interface (BCI) field has really been heating up, so there are a number of options. **Who do you think Neuralink's biggest competitor is/are?**
## Choose one option for the poll but make a list of 4 in the comments.
Suggestions:
* [Precision Neuroscience](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Precision%20Neuroscience%22)
* [Blackrock](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Blackrock%22)
* [BrainGrade](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Braingrade%22)
* [Synchron](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A"Synchron")
* [Paradromics](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Paradromics%22)
* [Meta](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Facebook%22)
* [Kernel](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Kernel%22)
* [Starfish](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/?f=flair_name%3A%22Starfish%20Neuroscience%22) (/ Valve)
* [Science](https://www.reddit.com/r/neuralcode/comments/pnixbq/max_hodak_blog_post_about_his_new_venture_says_it/)
[View Poll](https://www.reddit.com/poll/w8orqq) | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-07-26 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcnNnNDRwV3JRTloxUG52T2F4aGtVRGJUa01yOFdRZlF4bkIwNllVa1BHM25YQ1RJaFNXWGNfLVlpZGxpSnhibXlFclUwMzRJMUstcG5qZWZkbkt1Vmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENnVGYWxBUVRUOTFlZGplcm1qQTBkMnJmUmhoVDdVTk9xZHg5bU14ZFYzR1Q1Mkw2MER1VThhM1dhSk1kQTNoRENIS3k0RjJxaTc2ZHJqamFMRktnc09VNGhkcFpyTGJGOGprXzU1U1IyV3BUb0ttVFRjZ3ZWLUc5MnlEQU1qN3hWOFhXT1hZUUI0bUFDdlV4WUdQVmVrbXJSSUFONUJRZndxNXZfemRMQzhId09mVHZGT0tVN0VoR0hxSTFueHJZ |
>Libya is mired in a constitutional and political stalemate that has sparked increasing clashes | r/libyancrisis | comment | r/LibyanCrisis | 2022-07-26 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUERzd0RTcXhQYVJRNkhFTkZ0bHppRE95ZFhLa0NMcHlQdk9lOWhDN3Y1Zlg0VGF5Q3ZCQ0NPTkpnUHUyNXBxY0FWcW9JaW1CRDU1WWhDdl9PbW96YWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9Ea2JfU04wQXVZVkEtZDg2c3haOGV1akhxcTVkdlF2WnFTRGVJNHpUaVJ6NkNJb3JxclYxVU1sWS1PTFQyakZlM3RlYWMwM0tLZXZBZW1YSXpZeWt4MlpSUmlTZW9HY3pZUGs0QW0xSHRUbkVFWVJlYUZfNXZaUnJ0cjkwNlJOWGhnUlltMTFpT0thVkhhTFliUFc5U1lOVm1yT0Njd0JiOVJ3Y0VUblowQzNZUDBhOWhPQk95bG4tN21fY2QyUC03Y09fZnBadk5rdDdSS3pwc2ZFT2RHZz09 |
Is it not? It is taught to kids that Russia is evil, when really the west is evil. Russia is trying to portent its values and slavic culture while the west funds wars with its friends. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-07-26 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwU0ZxbU95NlFheXBuZ05xUUJYX0Rqa2ptV2dwMFZ3Q1I5NmpBelpBYnZIN3BOZ0xpdEMzZ0Y2OXAxSDRKZC1KT3Nuemp4bW5zWU1JZ01oRTYwakdiLUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EX2c2aEVrbm9xMXRkVmgwV3dOX3B5MVVNWnM3N0tZYUFJcGxUcjV6UU9uWWhkeFBaUUpnMmNMdjhsNmNza0RSajh4MDhfbDVqY2pDRVJoajhDaV94QzRCVEFLMTk1b3FDeGZqUVFRMjl4WlZXRWo1M05qTEctYmVyVTU3ZHlyTm55NmJVb2pxbXdLV1dfbmNrRzJydEhQV1RpVjg1MFp5REtFcEhUVEk2Z2JHSjlZQTkxYmpkYTUzWVFsR2F5YXo2YV92cXUwenFER3RGWUVHUTFEb0E5QT09 |
I don't know where you come from, but from where I come from no one is thought that russia is evil. Saying the UN is against Russia is also saying that all of russias close allies like Turkey and China also are against Russia, and thats just dumb. UN includes almost all countries in the world. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-07-27 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwMEJ1NG1KSE93SV9GNVFtR29oQl8tdWZhTXhVZVJ0NkZlS0s5eDJtRjktQjZ2TE5kSExoX2poajZ3VFhtZjk4cFpLWEhOejVpb2o2UVJJcjBWQlB1dFE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EWndoTmJ4VndZXzl2NnYtY29nUFlNLTlhNnNVcTZWYkczOEJJb0NzT1gwWHVlNmF6SGdLbVFEYzhnUEJROXl1d3ZwQkpKTHBUOVJUMEpCRHpYclRsWDA1eld2a0VsMjBkNHNLcXZVRmpqbHlicmxpTmhjaXdmTEdIQlRLT1hBLUVRc1lIdGg3NWE5V25Zby1GOV9hcFFwd1N2RWFIQkdNdWdNUmtITDJPeXkteXNCUjQtQ1ZMYkVzMm1lUUR6d2tHRklzT0VMM1E5c0dFdFM4a0FhdUxUQT09 |
(can't create new thread)
I ran away from my native Ukraine. Unfortunately, I did not have much choice where to run, I wanted to go through Russia to the west. But I am sick, I have mental health problems. That's why I am temporarily stuck here. I have no money, no proper treatment, no acquaintances. Maybe you know some benefactors or services for this kind of thing? There is no sense in applying to official organizations, I have already heard about it, some small volunteer organizations help families with children for the most part. I would be glad to be cured and finally leave, if it's not too late, of course. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-27 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lakwwb1FsanIycmkzdXdzcDRDVWt6bHRxMlJXMENmQ20wSHRnOHdmVHE3dmtfS1VhZnFlZWJ1d2NleWZvTG9CVHJ6V3BFb3ZERW42R2pOczcwODB6VHlpOVBwM2Vidzh6dFNpYW1HU1JwX05Dbzg9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZGdnYlp3ei1EZVF0OTNNWFc5STg4MENMZDVhZXZFQUkySGNZZHpRa2pYdlN5RmNlbXEtc0tGd2RoZG90R3NpQ3Q5a2lZRERiTDBQLWVxeUxQcWlFSV9SQlBsTWxMTmJWM2l1Wm5LNnJFRGs0MjdNbzRiLUVYMzdxZVB6Y2Fad3ZGU3QxRjluWDF0TllhbVVKLVVSbVh3Z05Vakg4ODhOdTgtT1BxNWFlbXdnPQ== |
**UK Undergraduate PPE Conference**
**15 November 2022**
**https://www.ppe-conference.uk**
UK Undergraduate PPE Conference is a global non-profit undergraduate conference. It welcomes submissions of student research from all areas of the humanities and social sciences—with a specific focus on issues pertaining to politics, economics, and philosophy.
The overarching aim of this conference is to give students a platform where they are able to showcase their original research in different fields of the humanities and social sciences, to foster dialogue and critical thinking, and thereby promote research in humanities and social science more generally. By inviting established researchers in different fields as keynote speakers, we look to provide an opportunity for students to learn about the value and inner workings of academia, and grow their academic network.
Aside from free registration, all participating students may also get the chance to win the Best Paper Award, Best Presentation Award, or Young Researcher Award.
**Topics of interest**
Any papers related to the following areas:
* Philosophy
* Politics
* Economics
**Location:** Hybrid
**Important Dates**
Deadline for abstract submission: 1 September 2022.
Deadline for paper submission: 15 October 2022
Notification of acceptance: 10 November 2022
Conference date: 15 November 2022
**Guide for authors**
1. Please limit your abstract to 300 words.
2. The paper must adhere to any of the standard citation formats. It must have a word limit of 5000 words. The format for the file name is LASTNAME.FIRSTNAME.SUBJECT-AREA.TITLE (e.g. Smith.Bob.Politics.The Cold Wars: Then and Now).
3. Submit your abstract and paper to [email protected].
4. Each participant is given 15 minutes to present their paper. There will be a 5-minute Q&A portion after the presentation. Everyone is encouraged to use a slide deck which must be sent to the organizing committee prior to the conference.
For all general inquiries, please contact [email protected]. | r/econpapers | post | r/EconPapers | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwN2xDcm5pV3UwdmNldkVzV2NzOHFSbnBxVjkwZmdIcVh3VEpPTjVCWGpNMHBZSU1nLTlhVkVFcW1iUlRoSEQ1YTRxRTAtU1V4dkFKaDdTd3Zuekl1NEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EWXlmR0VyZWFuS1VWMVJxVTJIdk5oX3ZOY0RIUXRfNXV5dndsS0tnWUhpWXNlN2p2clcxOXJGS0hmQldFdU1FOEhrbGF6cnZ2eGJod1hFRnR0LU5ILXNtQnlwWUhic2ZPOVlKSnc5OF9kQ3BNVDlyR0tLbGpMMXEwWE1yYU95bnZiZFJJZGJROGtOajUya0tsVVBoTjhpblJBSG8yMU1IWUpCUkw3cDJkMDdZR0U5ZEpRNUJCeXBvQnZrVi1JRndf |
Hello all, thanks for the continued support of the sub and for being the frontline for exposing war crimes.
On the subject of war crimes, the recent video circulating of the castration of a Ukrainian POW, has made an impact on us all. These acts cannot go unpunished.
Publishing peoples private information is against Reddits rules however below we have provided links to submit information and footage of war crimes and the perpetrators to The Hague.
The Hague:
1) By post to:
International Criminal Court Office of the Prosecutor Communications Post Office Box 19519 2500 CM The Hague The Netherlands
2) By email to:
https://otplink.icc-cpi.int/
3) By fax to:
+31 70 515 8555
Thanks again for the support and keep up the good work! | r/ukrainewarvideoreport | post | r/UkraineWarVideoReport | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwS0dINUFPUi1xbVJSbzB0ckJHOHZxU0hFQWk3SnJ5TFhhckF3RjdzNFdvOElXZnhmU2JBU1JxcVIzX2xPLUFxR2h4RWVtNV96QjFEVkdweEQ3YTNXREx0RzAxYWw2SVY3QXVOa0NWOVhkaVU9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EemFXeUU2TmlUaFp1eVZPZ2l3dUU3V3dqQ2x4SW0ycHJlUjREd2lIeVFXWFlKMlRvWUV2TjdCT2I4VXd0c2tEQzhtNFBvTWcxYW5TV2plMGZBTDY0eWQ0RmVXRFl1dTlpT1JQeE9TUmxGNTg5TTctM1o0VG5RX0UyT1FKWnNzR29GTHotLTFLOWl0cXFRWC12a0JGbEM3azZjdl91cG9rUG1nSUl4aHJZWjdIR1lzNjIzcDB0bF81T1ZYUFY2aFlD |
Proque un un altere cintion al parlantes linguas slave, quando interlingua es jam comprensibile pro illes?
Plus tosto que tu proba apprender interlingua facilemente e usar lo per exemplo sur TikTok como le prof. Carlos. https://app.memrise.com/course/1604585/interlingua-para-hispanohablantes/ | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwMi1Wd1YzNFhtUktyVU9lWV9TaWtyYmpjQ1RJSERaWWJqTkkxT1RyREJQclZVdHVDTGV5akZWajlLbGtDcndtdVpkbTc5TzlTWVdLamowdjdLck4xR1E9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EMUQ2RHhTbXNRMWEtM2t6OW5QQ3NvUldUcGUzemtoeFF6TURpdC13OWd2Q2ZBNjdQTUZDRm5xZDFoTkozaU03Z1AxaG05Y05uR3pSVnZRT084RkplTTZFNmh5Q1RQVlgxX2N5a0swZW9hdDF4SFJYVWUtOXpsdjFRTHltNlhMZF9yZGMyMV9UX2VEeXE4QnR3QzZRY3V4ZXVRX2JCMGo2MU56ZURLaHdzbVZPUVM1UzVFTjg4UEJvbENidHhRdm54 |
https://www.tiktok.com/@orlophe\_vauchertres?lang=it-IT | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQncxaDVrMG0xU3BMSUNwVXQxRWpLa0pKb1hrOHU0N000eS1vWHNJc0t0cmI5U3ptbFFlUlI5YWZobEdoNWQzRncyRVdOQUlDQUdmTmJkcnpkOFFDUnc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EOGg5d0w2TUktb3J1eGZqSENndXQyMFBBakU0bzRYakVwY25FSENvSVBncVFhczFwb1JYSDVmTm8xUjZXcUtaMGZtcU1lWGpVWUhMVmhGbGdJRTZQRF9sZERuMC1oZzkwRWpmWGJKYVM2UFVwcG56T0c4Z2N2dWJWNXFsTDFqdElMS0tLampmRGd5dDB3RlZIUlh5VFRkaUUzbWRSdVRtX2xHNW41VmdZUVBPbGlhbW1taVI3dVR4VWRwVmFGZzFV |
Pro tote le refugiatos in Europa io vole proponer de apprender e usar interlingua, con su immense potentialitates de servicio. Gratias pro le attention! [https://app.memrise.com/course/6163563/interlingva-dlia-ukrayinomovnikh/](https://app.memrise.com/course/6163563/interlingva-dlia-ukrayinomovnikh/) | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV19TU3EzNVotRTZ0SEowa0h0RkJkN2Z6MjBBMlgtNWhxRjBZM0xQdnB3LU53bHB3VER5QVVCOEU2NDYzSWZmR0tHaHNsVHZyU2wwY2ZKeE93elpjVFE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EeVlzRUtmdVY2QlZwbE5RS3pVbDZQWm5INmg3VjhjbXpsYlNoajJya3BYcWZ6UVVLMW5sQXlZaEJjb3R3SS12VXBLZjJCWDZteUFXRnFhb1ZhMVZiLVRpZ3BwR0pVdmRDZ212cnZhZ0g3bWg3Nk1xcW1sbzcwZUlmYmRpekN4OEdZeTVMVUdXUWpBakxfbWQyOS1OelItdEhaZVl3STk4U1V2cENhaWhiOHphUkxEdUVzR3k3X00wMDZKdGp5ZjBPMzhkTkdoVlRuWXk1WUNpTlFPU1BnQT09 |
Demis Hassabis talks about solving intelligence, but it seems vague. | r/deepmind | post | r/deepmind | 2022-07-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwRC1yeHBRckVlWHQ4VDcwdTYwYXNjNFRzTDFHb2dqaXlpX3Z3bVZnQlZOT2dTRUZ5ZzV2a3pMYmJaWnI5TXdxMmwyTjE5QThCREVuYW1jRnJvQjFzbVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ESGlSSFh5SG0tV0ExbDVabU56TUx0WE1RVkYyU2ZOT1lQV0N0VmJ1YlRDYU9SbXdQVjZrc2lVMFNFdnJHYV9nRHhhX00xaEJ4NmpkWU1Ld21WRUdFZGlyVnMzMHUtU1BzMnY4RGNzc3FLSXN3bmsxSmRzSThsdzREblZTUlNibk5qYVQzQ1FtUHVNSEZmWjlyZmU0VG5jVzU1Mk95ZzVfQnhpcDhuYUtwLXhkTjdFN3ZZMDF1Q0I3cUhqOC1Kek11 |
Io ya es apprendendo Interlingua in Memrise. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-07-31 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwYWFqTllfRlRZVGFheEVxWHdzdks4Tlg2V0FQREkwNFBJV3NPb1VnMnJLS3ZBNnNGeUUtZHNvSHM1YWJDc2hIWlVDZ3ZXQ3Z6eFU3dWhnTF9FQ3paNlE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENVg5dFlkV2pheUtNRXNjN2hRWmdVVlhsdVZWX0ZBRDhEMDdlV1ltWkZVRXpLVFNhZ3pLVzJjMWtLNWl4Z05hcTVLREZoNFl6dUhoRU00OWRWeUlzYkl4dGRZZ3ZXU1o5TVZCc3FhdDhxaVJCdkxpaDcyczAyTWpYckRZR3Nfa2tIb2RwSzhXSzRPeTE3dDF0N2JUdnFSRWljSVhTMVNxV0lkMVdkSnFMQi1yWWxQcW5iYWFDVXpRNlNVUFYwX1dQ |
Have you been able to find a supplier?
As you might know, the supplier should be a permitted individual. Plus, you should pay attention to the legal aspects of your request and conclude a binding supply contract. Furthermore, you should be aware of the customs tariffs of the country of origin and destination. This is very essential. Try to talk with an attorney or a legal expert in international business and contracts. As a trader, I have found an interesting online legal platform focusing on different legal issues. I was looking for legal advice and **LegaMart** was the best place!
Imagine it! Legal experts from different jurisdictions! It doesn't matter if you are from Malta and intend to import coconuts from Brazil to UAE! You can find legal advisors and lawyers all over the world and ask them for advice for free!
Good luck to you! and have a great trade! | r/internationaltrade | comment | r/Internationaltrade | 2022-08-01 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTjNKRUl4d1lJeENSMjhNak1aV0RoY3lJMmFieFBSZTBqZEZBTWJqd2NYZmNPZmtKdE5FMmhCeUQ4ZmZxQVFJdjZfV3F6OElmeUV6Q0JjRHRCaUhDN1FnSFRoeHdDdVcwWmg3WkJxZUcxVWc9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ESTFjYkJIZnNLYXp1VHQyZWV6emdRaXN1YzJLZDJBWF90OW1iOEZZNk1xVlh2eVJkMGVhQzZCZWYwc3N1VmJDREh0bklfSF9YMnpJQ0Qxemh0ZDU1bGI5UU1qb3I4SjNHNWltd0RBQkQ4OUlLbVNMZTFZTElRTDM5OFp6S0ZoYnhMLTBRS1NQWjc2WjMta0dZM2tETkhtUHZvT3BOeVJsSjJabmpoT3phMHFQUm1qTmRHMk1UeVcxa3RMZE5xLUd3 |
The best place is LinkedIn. it is a platform where you can connect with people who are in the same category. This would be very helpful. Please notice that legal issues of imports and exports are quite important and talk to lawyers and legal experts to be aware of regulations and customs tariffs. My suggestion is to use online legal platforms like LegaMart and ask for the lawyers' ideas. It is amazing and covers several jurisdictions and you can ask for consultation for free.
The best place is LinkedIn. it is a platform where you can connect with people who are in the same category. This would be very helpful. Please notice that legal issues of imports and exports are quite important and talk to lawyers and legal experts to be aware of regulations and customs tariffs. My suggestion is to use online legal platforms like LegaMart and ask for the lawyers' ideas. It is amazing and covers several jurisdictions and you can ask for a consultation for free. | r/internationaltrade | comment | r/Internationaltrade | 2022-08-01 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTktpTlpndG9vcDZEZ2NfLWM3ajVzbFZjSFV5WHhSdE9paFV3RDBIZTR0azZpTWtVdzV0N1UxMzVuMFhPUGpRcEpTekM3anpXenV6YzI2MXMyY3k0ZWl3YkwxTHVYOGYyOXJYMW5peEFsbzA9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENk11OE5nNS1aMzhuUmxZNVgyelVMSHVZb281S2tYMG4ybHA4RTJpWU1mSTVTYklMVnc0SGxUaHAyN2NQN2NRRkNZMkxZVDRCTDF1ZTlEQmkyZHQ5SWlLeGZmeEF0NE9YS0hqSmJTcGVZRzlYMkl4Mldrc2RFOXJpTWktUHVFay0ybllCZkMyYjRoVHdRdWN6NG5peHllS1VLNGZqS21wTDZvbFk1Vi1iZWJ4dzc3Y0V6MW1fcnNvbXVFSzlEV0ZJWkFUZkEwN2d4ZFNsazYtVzMyb1c0U2hiaEprQlNxQzZ2VFVLY0NyQXhoMD0= |
# r/Neuralink
Welcome to r/Neuralink! This is discussion thread is a place to comment with any Neuralink or neurotech related thoughts, small questions, or anything else that you don't think warrants a post of its own.
## Partner Communities
r/Neurallace \- The general neurotech subreddit. Get involved with industry news, research breakthroughs, and community discussions!
## User flair
User Flairs are a great way to show your background & expertise! You can find them:
* **On new Reddit desktop:** under the "Community Options" dropdown > "User flair preview" edit
* **On Reddit app:** click the three dots in the top right > "Change use flair"
## | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-08-01 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQ3UxeGRyS3pKT0tPd3QtX0pvQzhJVXRDM0REVVlqcmh1MnZkWGtHeEVYdVJ4aWk1V20tRkRvdllNXzI5Vlc2bEROMmhGUmRabE5yaHFkSl9zNmo1Rmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EUWVwRHdWanF2aHdNUnVjbXVrb3lxdDg2anlRc05XRUZLYl9haUZOZ05DQ2NnM3BoUm5sSEFra0VFWUlpUE1PdVRrYXphN2czWEJLUkltQTc0OVY2cGtJVlBnWFBiV0ZlV3pSa1YyLVAyWndkck12RkxHbTg0RW94UGpOYjNtQUxCX05nc2VIQjBSb0laQWJBSXhQcnJWSXpVc1JEQllMTzRMWk1nZEo5eUZMN1YxbDB5NXJMZ1VnRmI4VkhHNXRqQzlkRWEzVHRrck43SHRSUWo4NzA0dz09 |
I've read the paper several times and also a few of the critical references, namely the R-NaD, NeuRD, and IMPALA papers.
This paper is immediately useful for my passion project, and it seems to have tons of applications in games. However, there seems to be basically zero discussion.
I'm just going to link my discord account. If anyone wants to discuss, feel free to send me a message.
basket#5345 | r/deepmind | post | r/deepmind | 2022-08-01 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcWRNb2x0THZ5STBIWGhPNFF0MzJNYTctQlRZNk8wdGptUWJNUlNNQWlxYzdFVmpuT19BU25ZUUxrd3Rya1pUVURRQVFEWGVISGdBcUlVY3V1MWVCa2I2LXNqR2NMdVBqTGxRTGpmQ1RHdnM9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbjcwUUFzYnRpMFgyU1Z4R2dGaHFQbi1YYzUyWU1mSk1VdXlUQ2NoV0xqRXJabnI0MnhwelE4aG13c25XMDl5R08wYjg1MlVLbFZaQWEzNW45WGFZZ3lrSUNmUFUxaTRMOHVBdER4SUVoV0hmQzFrV2hKVlkwU3BPSVJQdWVoc3VCNnpVRFBqZlBHajIzdjAwTXlhbnJlQndxR3gyYjRHOUlWMUk1ODNpS0l5WmMzR0tGeGRvQ1hGY01hUFlrRnlyY3pxYmVOcUJCRkhkUVNTang4MTZQZz09 |
I'm starting to work on my thesis for my masters degree, and I chose to study the repercussions of Neuralink, or other AI implant chips, the benefits, the problems, etc.. I'm a law student, so I'm also trying to see it from a perspective where I put the chips as something that will change the relationship that we have with our bodies, therefore the relationship that the State and the laws will have with the individual. Lots of the philosophy we had in the past to deal with questions like "what is the human being" or "what is rationality" doesn't apply anymore. That means, the answers and boundaries we put to protect ourselves, to define what is right or wrong need to be reinvented almost from zero.
​
But also, I'm just in the beginning of my research . What do you guys think of all this? | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-08-06 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV2pTdHh6RkpXekpTN2V3Z2k5STVDN3FUTkxaaUlXMm1vSUo1V2IwVW53Snl3dUNOUDdiUG5ZUTUwUEFJSDRsdmNmWk1nYVRObk5yclAydlFKVjFfVGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EN0xwVXBVekJVZTVWUFQxNUF5andLN3RqdTliUFI5SXFsQm1ZWVNyZF9fZ0VMQll4WmU2eDdMbmMwcGpfaHFyVm5Ibl82QkU1amtxTmJkaWhnY3FMSmZSNHBtTnZNb2dSZkkxWkRaNUZPR201cUo4WVN1ZGZLenN1Mk5yOUNLdTZlRHI0T0NxaEpsQlp0RTJNV2tJazB4b2pkakFLbzBRLUROMmx1YzJ3VklHU3M3aHFjT1JLM1lVZW4ySVhDdloyTkFFSWo3YTkzVVN4cTFOWm9jSEllQT09 |
🙂 Salute a omnes e bon Dominica! Vos sape que cata fin de septimana io registra le activitate septimanal del 11 cursos de interlingua con audio que io cura desde un anno sperante de supportar con nove parlantes de interlingua le extraordinari disveloppamento viral del visualisatores de interlingua discatenate per u/CValcarcel in TikTok e attingente jam ultra 20 milliones!!!!!Benvenite altere usatores, e qui propone reportos de error e propositos de disveloppamento.Ecce le quadro synthetic usque hodie. Gratias pro vostre attention e disponibile pro totes. 😉 | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-08-07 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwMUJuS0g2dWpDbno5R2hOZXh3Y3RFRXZIOHgzTHdwZl9fQU1fRWtXakZ0YzA4U2VFMzlzYWw1MUUwX21peFNkTloxeEZFekVOYnQ1aUdqUFVrTzZDenc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ETU9VRmFuWHVNeXJxbVdwRnB0NEVmdVoyVm94Vms4TUtYNjdsU1ZjbUp5aS1ZQnc4TmNlTDF3dURTVmlmX09GNVJzb0hWb1RYVTRSZWEzMGlBSUUxelJaVDhYWml0bXNkZDBoMFNXS0tzZTRHSDlsQXcxaVdCZEZ1dE5UMzhGVGlTTmstS2hEdHhVZlJUWnozcWVHNnpMbVZEa2Q0TWIxNlZEcEVwdXd0NzI0WEptUy1nUHZlR1pzcVJtdWJzMVNX |
Book marking | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-08-07 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwYnhTdl92MElQNm1zT3BlZ3hncmRnMS1WeEYwdVZDeWJyLUNmUmNIRzhMUU5sNHNmMlVmSld4ajBZODRwUkpCQmMtZk83bFRDeGxxVC1ZQlI0U1VwZU14YVZqeHVMRjYxYUZRWUJ4NldWWWM9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EWTJRRVZXWXgtVWM4dHZOQjFyRUYtWk1Xd0lkdmg1WWdnLWsxc3Noa3BIRjVQRTktMHRlQ1ZMNUpCanllT0psWTNqUFp1V3AwOF9mbjdNNnRPQmlsb2lRMUZaUHJrZUZZZGdEcTBGOFVtc3JVVV9OcEdnbTh4UTNublNWTGdwVmJMTUFiNGFpc015TE0yYnBIZ2hrdThoMnUxVjR0d240bnpJVXlrTE1KS19iWmNmMEFIcl9xU0VjZHVjLU9VVVF2eGhyTVF1aWlnS0FnbEdaRXRmRUVQUT09 |
Do 'a stranger I remain' | r/mistral | post | r/mistral | 2022-08-13 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTnJPQjhmaENTY2gzUzNXa1hDMXpqTWhIVG9QLWE2YVA3Z1BGQmhUSnNaVlA4bWVLVU92SUIxcGptcWk2bzhUQ09YZ3NiV25zYXc4UVdKbDRNQTNqM3R2Zk1NSXZEVV9hbXEycVFzdUc2V1E9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdW1HR2NObGQ1eGF1MGQ5SzVLSXlvYUFhSHduYjVuTjRpU2l0UUxIMEliOEFLZC1lODlack14dEhxb2hDb2wwWHNJTGM4R1hHWTV1OXFLNzRpWmRSWE9zcVR0MklSc1A5WnBkOVlqRUUyNlg5NUhuaVJsOUNYQ2hQYktoRllzWXJMMnFkMzBHSlE3OFVTSHRlWFg4cUlZX18zMEhIWGtvX2c2enpRYnFtNzhvPQ== |
Hello ? | r/financialtimes | comment | r/FinancialTimes | 2022-08-17 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUnpLNWlRYTV4OHNQODQwNWw4OGNmMTBxR2hIUFM1ZEJFTUVOMmVYQ0MzX1lXSHNhQkVyRWpodW9NMl9tS0xPaGtkdHhoX0FrNDBWQzBOd1FZeHlTWnc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ESkQxbjhWSy1SVDExR3FWem5VTXdaX3MxYTFrZ3VQTlJXdS1oSFFqNzRHY0xOS3QyY0YwUU1hRWRRaWl2a19rX01yX3E5elJLR01Vc01VTVdaZC1YZmdReFNuNjVCeHBoUzBKV3JVc0o5RGhrdlZMLXg2TWl5VWM5RDVqeHFVOXlta3lmSWFEZzctQXIyMFVkbmgzTnFnTXhpX1BXNTEtV05oWERIT3I2ZWszR1JpbkZzLTd6MDlFbmZhX0wzOTNQ |
Echo echo echo | r/financialtimes | comment | r/FinancialTimes | 2022-08-17 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTzhSeVYtWHE3RTJVRHNGRFBOeUN1am9wcEJkZ0RGcGZnajNJSHE0Y25jZ2tDcjRlVlc0TkJWNW1TdlJDOXlPMjB1dzFFa3JGUm5XM0FSNjJ6TjJzVEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENmNTeW9rRlM4SlllSGljQUZXYXR4ZTZiYmMtR0hWaUNWMHlobkNQb3I1S3lzLTk1TWFuMHJtQXhEYjNuekZMNVFtRDRiX0VDWnFpTXdxNTZaVFpSZjI5SU5oSkJiZGcyWjlDOXpLRFFUMlVKYV9UZWsxYkFKTnZ3QmFvUVNCSkhWTW50bDJVN2hYai1IV3I3QXBNenR4amxiNDhXRl9jYjVuWjNibTFybzdQMEJoQ2VwcXNYQzRpMjM0QTFuUnpO |
It only occurred to me today to check and see if there was a Reddit for FT’s … | r/financialtimes | comment | r/FinancialTimes | 2022-08-17 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwX3laeFJtT2pNWk9BU1QyNVRXbU1NWGE3Nk9xOE81Nm9OUFE1bTdXUTgxdzhOVmNKM1N5eUUzMVdnaGZVWUxKZHZuUXZEeWJOamRBODNvODBGWGdWQmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZ1pCMUdOUUpTb0lKRlhCUXpkSDNsZDVHempwbnFHRk5CTlphZGtSNVJlZUoxOWFVTkhxWXRKalgwY0hkdTBKM0tGcmd3Z3F2dldaYVItSzVtdkpEMXVVZ2JMZnoxWFhTZU9oN0s1QUN6RVZKUWRHam16WHVPekg0TmNWNUFxRWJYNzJ0R3k0V2VBbGE1akl0QUstQk1fMU80YlZzVGFlNXgzMEZWQnBaQjg2aDFCOWFCbzlZMEtiSHFrWlBXdmM5 |
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https://discord.gg/JuWpUUj567 | r/globalintelligence | post | r/GlobalIntelligence | 2022-08-17 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUDJJdUxjWk5iYzVmWEMzTHJDdXdtQTVscE1WWW1RLV9WZXpBLUw3bW0tOTQ5OThsdkJZNFNRUmlMRDJ3eG1lQlFJd2xxUVRzQWx4UE1Mb3h4bGJYa3ItekZNQUl0d1pub0Z3cFlPWXJGNGM9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdC1PTUZybU0yd1FISkphRnB4MU52dGE2X0hlYXhhQjRzdnV1RG1faGRWODBiNko0N3VyR3lUWS1rRncwU3FGS1pTaG9RTEdQRjR6SUlPQVoxS0JycmJPSzJfenItV1JlR05EMGZfdDlPMmxZRGhSNmNSWGI5SFdQNXgzbzJiX1YyenVTZGdQOXk5MFdibkdLYnBQVzRydHFIZk11d2t6Nmt5d0xhTW5RVmRBPQ== |
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*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/DisinformationWatch) if you have any questions or concerns.* | r/disinformationwatch | comment | r/DisinformationWatch | 2022-08-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQlJrNzRKS2EzdG1Pa0ZpTkFzVUVjXzJSQllLdmNrRVBmU3N0eXN5SExmOHdFX012MldCSnIxMzlveG9fNWNmTW9CVjE5bUdhdHJ3Z1lLRWpHX3kxeEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EcjJOa1JJZzdWeGpIN2NhbXdLYkw0bFpfMnZWRmtKSUgxRUktT0Q4MzlsVWx0cTNDeERGeXFFUXFwbndqeC1MVjNKb25nZFRUSThWVUtSbmlfY3FzT0Rwc0cwX1RJX2xvMlNmcXZHcHpENmt3Y0ZzcTRUSWVMWWVuSl9wbDNYcmpiQTFlZTVoVTJXWWRpWjMzamMtVVFhV2VhVDJZUzhSNU9SeVd4a0RFaW9yaFpYMzZiRElfdTF3TXhXSGRpMzM5YXVEbG5hSGt0dU9YdUdnOTcybEZWQklnQ3YwNkxKTmg0V20tdWMyNjk3WT0= |
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*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/DisinformationWatch) if you have any questions or concerns.* | r/disinformationwatch | comment | r/DisinformationWatch | 2022-08-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwS2gxUTQxMDN6SWFTbV9Sd1IzZUR1a3p3WVFDcm1Lc1p2S0pua21lSUFub0MxNkdGLVIwOGk3eld1d0o0VjQ1YzRLaGVQTlFLZ19adTBkYzR1WXB0LWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EV2Uwb09RU21YNjF1YkxXemU3NjNkalUxTkVIczlTOHVqdVJVbUpYYUpGRUJhU19QSDNlSFo4eFJnRFRaUUxCbDN6SE1fMXdZOE1YVHlUdDRKMVJYOGV3VC1BVXBGVWRzT1Zhb2NvOTkxR0RCR0FPSFdvRHk0aUdEcXYwWExjd0JwVUhkY2hKZktja3Q2Y1M2X2czTFRsRVhuV3N6M0hUblRQQ0tVZmN1aVViTnFhTW0yTGs3ODJQS1NZc2czd0NDbERFYmVsTkFNUVdRWkZ2cTF0VjV3VUM0Zzg5OHZsTmFGejRkbUhBbkhXST0= |
Good thing they aren't able to kill many of them. | r/deepstate | comment | r/deepstate | 2022-08-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwYVRHLV93MUJkLVllOUpzaHpsWnFYYl9zTGZEQmh1Q1FxRjlzR1J5VW5XUlRORjNSNkUzUG5TZHhfNll4dFVrY2dqX083YWwxS0F3WkVpS20xdi1hOWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdFV3LUZodEpSTU1POVVjVUxmUXAxZS1iaWxUR2lQNTN6RnZnU2pCem5WaEhfSjVuUWdnazRfMUd1NVhQMklNa3dMaF9QNFZCd3BBeDRyRkZ0NjQzMU9SOFVkbkV1ZGNKY0xQZC1JOENwX1gwUzc1YUFJU0tMZDAwVW5qZ1Q2MHpxY2thSTVTc1pENXVxYnpXSnpXdWZKUWFPa2RLSWpSdExSLWdfUDBBc3JtUTRfTHNuMkJaS2JBV2Mxbm10QlRQeTRXNXlGSlo4YkhRUkx4UzItY1dtdz09 |
Hi everyone,
So currently I am a technology consultant, I have 2 yrs of exp as SAP consultant and developer.
I want to move into AI and Computing research, I know it's a long path, I am keeping that as long term goal ( hopefully deepmind /ms research/ or ibm research someday)
I don't know where to start,
Currently I know Java and learning Spring and stack/ ds algo to land a sde role, and hopefully at decent company so that atleast I can apply algo in real life and know them and try to get into AI slowly.
Second path: doing ML/ deep learning courses, and landing entry level role as data analyst/engineer and move forward,
But here I don't see much involvement with algo which is crucial for AI, it's math heavy no doubt but more like applied AI, not AI development
So, which would be correct path? I was following the first one, but because of strong association of AI with Data science I am confused, I am also thinking of going for masters once I get some hands on and grab on algo atleast.
Seeking your advice,
Thank you | r/deepmind | post | r/deepmind | 2022-08-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lakwwbld0dlBTRmxiRTF5Vmo2aWljNkxMazVVTEg5dHQ1Z0tSSlJOOUI1b1NieVVUajBIaEFxa3lFazYzaEh5cUlCcWN1ZUJfNmtoc2VxdGJrOGw0ZURBOEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EXzNaQWhCRHZndmgzLWpWbmJjQzUyMFpkcTFaRnhfRXhBMEk1VjBQcVlBUE0tYW9vejZRMHFkdk5zaElmZklZLUFyTFZ2ZEdIUldWV0dUMjdxR3MyOGltZ21PMGM4U2xQMmxuMDEtck9YOTAxMUcyZjJ1N3RrekFfSkZDR01oUUhHZkRCZkc1c2pOT3NIMGVxMVBVdGJlZkZfMjZ2Y0JOUHF5eTBLcVBERm1ZPQ== |
C is just algebra and substitution. | r/econpapers | comment | r/EconPapers | 2022-08-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwNndLdEI1RkFnbUlITHRrVDA0azdrTVFKLVNqaTJPU2lJYVpZOV94Tjh2bUg3YTJ1eVFqeGFfajhtSkdCTTV6a3JHMjRnaGVIR3k0N19FS2lJNFFBMWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZE5tMjRUbTVyb3o3UldxVGV2OEZTOC1QaktYdXhUcmw3WjYzbnRxMnJ3M1dhR18tcktvbC1hTUY3SnhBalFQZnFFNDcyX0hNS0hnYTNab1lFYjRDcHhXdGZseFota0FQZ2R0dzFKMmxBOTluSkVCMHdCSHltdm9vTlVXNWQ0c3VyaldkUnp3S0FuRlZqSHZfRHlxWFpRNkF1dnM4MmtzbUsyM2xuc0lwRDJTX2xWYnM1eGJpWldISmE2cjhVbnRyaHRDU0JHM2lTQ3E4S1d3dDZicF9Wdz09 |
D1 is asking if more than 1 value of x can have the same y | y=f(x) . A great way to test this is with a simple function like f(x) =x*x. | r/econpapers | comment | r/EconPapers | 2022-08-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwTENXQ0x2YWlHdDBjZjlDZncxZG9NR3IweVJ0Ym1hMzNqMzFtSlRFZ3YtdkI5a01SN3V0UzcwMUNDaVdxMWE5djMzZlZuSERGc20xWmJkT1R4aTBLNnVnbEhKTG41amo5c3NsR3hvWVYwMG89 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EWGxrc1dodjg1TGxkOUk4MldEVEttWDJDYzFQNHhEZjlqbk1BRWZndmJsamc3T3BOMUROZDRNa01rUWd0dGNKQ1BKZ0hBTUFmVzV3TGxEZ0E1aFRxc3JjTmtkVUxyV19ZTllGbFlNeXZXZXNlWmhiU1VTRGZDVTZMWU9GYnQ0LVFIR1FqN2FObExod18xdm5SeG54RGwyZzd3LTNGaEZJZGdmckVpVEVXcHZMenFJYmZiM0NhbW1mSjF2dDdiaU1KSzVja19NajhfakU0SDNfc3hkZV8zZz09 |
It’s been a while since I did supply/demand graphs but I think this will be right. For C you need to plot the functions on a graph where price is the y axis and quantity is the x axis. Each function is just a slope intercept y=mx+b. The demand slope is an inverse of the supply slope because it goes down from left to right as opposed to up. QD graph has a negative slope looking like \ while QS looks like /. So the equilibrium price is where they intersect. Plot the points for each function by substituting 0,1,2,3… for Q in each equation. In this case the equilibrium price is 18 because at Q=2 both equations come out to P=18. When you impose a 4£ tax it shifts the supply curve to the left, the new y intercept is 16 instead of 12 but the slope is the same. The new equilibrium price will 20 which makes sense because of the tax of 4. The Q at equilibrium will be 1.33.
For d - a function by definition has only 1 y output for each x output so a function can’t be a vertical line. So I think the answer is yes to both questions but honestly I’m not sure. | r/econpapers | comment | r/EconPapers | 2022-08-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwOXN6R0s0Uy1BS2syNXg2U1dxUkJNRVh2UGstbmtPUE1PamRKZEhUMjl5RGhZUWVEMnhrQnJvS3JMUk9tZHBKd2U3Mmg2bE8yMGlIVEV6QkRhMFh4VzV2U1JJNF9zMDV4NWgtbXNraHZEc0U9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EVldxRWw1MTRlTDBVSkY2RkpEX05aUXZwYkt0c3p4YTQ2T3NPZG9WejRnWlpzYnRCZmx2RUcwNzhtbEZ4Mld5WkExWERZV2FWM3B5QWwwUnNUZlI3QmxZdmpjV3NPZUFqVmNzVVhqcTdJaE9hZU9lek1URzZHZEpva3p5d00yU052TGE2MVlpdjFSWmhRWWFOMmVOdVNrWG9zUXNJUzlFVDVUUHNPd1dycDBwc2kzWGkzQTcyNUpYdFplRDQ4blBQQ0NMWmRzYmF3N3JLUDRmcEo1dXJpUT09 |
Hello everyone
I aim to research how committing to a more green environment can influence the economic growth of a country. Since almost all variables that measure environmental commitment such as environmental protective investments, Co2, policy stringencies are endogenous to growth hence refute my results I aim to take the introduction of green parties to a country's parliament as my variable to measure green commitment.
I aim to analyze the impact of the environmental commitment of a country to its GDP. I want to see how the increase or decrease in the green party's share affects GDP growth of the respective country
What statistical method is suitable?
I thought of different in different but I can't compare the country's growth after the introduction of the green party to a GDP without the green party since there is no control group to isolate the treatment effect
Thank you all so much for helping me | r/econpapers | post | r/EconPapers | 2022-08-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwSVFsNXhRblBMdkpuWGJnM09SX1hiYnJzbWZtR2xvRU9vZEdURGp4T3U2U3IzaS10Q3JGMHZlQjFVTVlyeVFSN1g5VEJsdko2cXFBUDB2cXVnSGJDSGxoMGp1dWFBb2NrdFYzclduQUowcWc9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ERVZ6eGMweGJlY0ZYZzQtbnMxaVZybVhBWHFjby1BdF9VME5GWngwUjlydTlFdEJ2aXBDWm1kYURVM2dKYnRDQ091dVFaV2hxczRZN3FFX1RMUW1yX3pEcVRvc19NUXZvUnZmdFZBelpPYVRhU2NHZ05EaEs1UzAxVnFiYS1XVTNrd21nNi1wdmljb1pNLUdob2F5ZEVDN3FtNC1hd2NfcUZ4UEcyUWxJeUNzOFY5TUxDTnVBRFA5bnZzNERQRXlv |
🥳 | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-08-22 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcWVITFE0WkNQRHk0QUVXS0hHRDhjNm5ISzdPSnZxNFpQMm9waFd3WWRkdGt3cjRjOHJsQk1iajZmVjRxTnM5bmM4WVlfcTJ6LS1iZjhUMFBKLWFCc0xLcFlwaFJRTF93Rm1xdHhEeUZtX1E9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ETEN2djhWMW1VRlpEbS16ZHdsWkZjVWk1RVdmMVdBQTFnMFpGTkpyWlNrN0ZsOWZHZi1aalpkeDNZaGhmU3FvOG1TLXpkckVsc05QQm1zdEs4RFFlaEI0cVlQMnU4cGFoM3BXcmZjTF9OdnBJNXRkRlhDRXZncmdLWVE2MkFzR3BLMmVpSXMtTUpPcV9uUUwxZm5SOWhLWGRiaGlrNHIwSTFSSzA0MzlGRWNQMldaODh4WXI1cW5EbkNLeWJrTnlHMldkcTNXSzlmTHpaSE5mVW55VjN0WV9adjZ4Y1pfRlVJUkxhQ09wajBFMD0= |
Let's see who can guess what will be announced or talked about.
My guess is:
1: There will be a push for more talent because of the new location in texas.
2: I think the channels have gone up by x3 for the chip and they figured out some material science/software related fixes to increase the readability of the signals.
3: They will give an update on a long-term Install that has been in over 6 months.
4: The power of the chip will double or the size will decrease and opt to use more to cover larger areas. | r/neuralink | post | r/Neuralink | 2022-08-23 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwweTBlZndmZTRzRVJQYzAyZ2pqYzZjR3RwU0ZmSkhHYkhhRFlWZzc4b2RmeUs4QWRLZkZWMW1XbzdhSXpQNE9kbTdKcnlxWnNpVWZiN0FGdlc2V1paeXc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EVlF2TmhCQ1V6SldqdmdScFBMX09WS3NJdnNTamVBQ2pBQ2thX1NhV2ZTNUJOUS0wR1p5VGZBa0NBazlCcUp2SU05TzVwQk1CTFJkOTZ4UVd5MkFSXzBZdUgxRUs1YTgtZ3VXMGFNQjVIT01ZR01JaTdNR1AtWVRTZTczam04eVhCTDBvZG1INVpYWmFxMTBiazJ1M3BQeWVXQXpOcDNKbm1ZZWVvUld5aktpZzg0ZFY3OWprYlJWMmdOWHFwZFBW |
I've spoken to people in the US who agree with this. The media doesn't talk about it but people do. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-08-24 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwQ2pVSTRRWlZGTm16RFBzZE84WmlBeTdaNm90REtGeWZGcm1NczVmaG90UTBkOFMyQWFQM0RiOG9XQkliaDFWYlA5Y1hqSkYyWGhReXVIVHVNbk1Qbnc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EOEsxUGRCRHNvSHdlZUp0cEpSdEVTT3RHOGJ4bkc3WlNWVktwcHYxay1TNlhFZllVdk8xT05LSHlscjhUbWRVdzNtWllLcVBNbkc3OGN2dHhvNEpCeXlKZWVvWXNTYWR5a3BRUEVSY2lyWVpUbGp3YzJEd3VxajExWFhVNTRsbzJVRzRwak14a3VWY1k3MHpDcWpIdmw2Q3RtVDR0MVl3eEFiVUktOXFuMVY3WXEzRVhWNklXTmszWm5aYk05cEFWNEVQUF9PVWdJbG8xU2hjMEVpNk9GQT09 |
can i share my military technology builds also please? | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-27 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwT2ZIYzNTY0UwNGRaR0d6TEEyZk15VjJSd09qdXRpUUVBUjh1eTFCOVhzV2FoYjNjUjgwM25oUjdBTWlvcWN0TmJTRzAxQ0Y2YmdiS0ktM2hRLTg2MVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbWZHV1Q0djdfU2hOVlgybDhhZWY3bXA0ZS0wUDhfTnZRMFRpZ01hWUNhTWl0VkhfX0ZrUk93cVVHZVNZc0pzd0VlRkd4Mkxlc1NaZ09CSFMzQjlqSGVPQ21XWU1QTnd3Yk1NdnRJVHpWdHRTMG9sYTVtX2FuU2E2YWwtdDNIVHNOdEd2ZHR1T3R6SUREQ2ctQmFVWEVpX1FLNHIyaUJzRENoeUdaOFVMUVVmTkhsNGh0TmlDRW9YSURhUHRGNFdR |
Dude you are 100% welcome to post u/ElecyGriphen | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-27 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwdGJ1WHJITzd0cWR4dF9iM2ItMXdMeFZsVTF3TE5jbEJEVHpxc1Q0NXJ3MUlXMnNxX2dkTlM2U2U0bm50cXVsS3l5OWQ1cmhzbXNLMHlZeGlJM09JRGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ELWd3Y1piR2M1ZFNwNXJVdzlmM2dnekIxQmZ2cWJBckE1aFZ0X2ZnTTRsMS1xQXdsb0tiWnpxaW5EdW11VGx4b3doU29lUnhxQ05pSDdMMEE3UEFfQ3JJZEVxa1ZZcV9hQzBzYVp6Y2xJcGpfOGo0VGgwbjdUVVNqUURjTEg0VUEzcHlwTGt6dTNmQkpUM0VSeldMRTdhVU1jaTRzZ2IyQV9LSjY0QzZDWjl3X250UlR2Zjk1NnBmeEFyVnBpSURP |
Okay thank you my guy | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-27 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV0kwRzR1bEYzd3ozWGE3SFo5V015U1ZDM1VwSXNETUdaVnhNTVEzMmY1a3ZTWW0zVElkSDF1OXhJbEREczRlc19CalZrZnFaUGhyLXZiaENUbjZOZ3c9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EY3d5ODFGZ2Y3YUh1Z3JtUVVvSWV4b1UtVUlyMzA4aWZiZDNTOFZ4bnczVWpfR0otNGo2MHRMeDkzVXpiNGJRcGtWUlpXMU5iQVZCdTdscmFISHpMNkM3T2o1UUYzc3NzZEJSaWU0bnI2NHJ5bUhTSGtXaGJhWG5RTlZDQ3VYSmxZSzF0NGc3ek1reGZhQkk2VzNTdS1FQ3h4NUFMZk1vOFNoQk1GS3RGQ0pOU2FyTjdSbENDYW5BcEtEd1g4NlhP |
I'm making a program that saves lives in a school shooting please check it out and use it for schools only | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcGtTLWhWUFpOQTJaTnk0VFdXT0luS2puRHZQcURXQmJWSkE2RGs0WHZ3SVNrY3NvcnVuUUFGM3hwQURJY1NjTEtQZDBNdUtJa2JXR0Z5ZXJDb0N1RUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9Ebndfb1FBdEN6TmFaNnRfUF9JZXd2Mlp2WUgzdVdfS1R4dFIxaldDWXdBajhWa3VEVkZ2RGhCSFA3aE4tVVJSZEdGQks1alhrOGZGWjRSNGVWUnR5ejQ5RXZ3VUY3UjhuTU15T3pRU21lTm9nVFpraFl4bG5XWTEzUTRfNXI4ZjJlTjRpNndMWnV3Ul9taDZ5eEUzeU9vZmNRbkNjMkdCU2ZzT1BDU1dORkJLY1lucjdab0xRU2ZlZmJQSFdRUFh5 |
https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/725642280/fullscreen/ | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwY2dFU2xQTk1tM1lUZm5OQ1ppRExFSlFrUkt2bEpPXzJqMTkwSXktSjJxQ2JNQzE5d0dJa0FWZjNkeW5nQ2NrMEdtTG9FdE03RS11WUl6MnhHdzAzeEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQ05haWIzWGNFdkI5OHoxSFdWRUxKeWZCT1VaOGdwYzgyNVhBUjRwYmRWWDhSUHp1SV9jU0REZlp1dHhZWEs3cjA5dm5nSVhySmhkaUhIeExkS0tDX2h1YWRTakREZU9oeE5GcUlCQ29SR2NORDJ1UXMtb05VaWJqV0ZYcVBKTktEUjYyUVo3QjZmTUFJLTdHRkJBb3hsMTcxRkZhZXp2OG1rZUJjT1ZlelZlN3lJRktwalhjaW40eUYtaHdoZHgw |
Please watch the video fully also | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwN21QQnFFV25WbWg2WkdTQnNqNmhQcVdYQ1YwVzBaaG5PUTQtaXFySHBhbVFrZ2xDRmdVT0dvVHdOanNoTUNnZ3FOODNLaXBlS3l6Nnh6LUxWYUNuclE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENUdTUWxGMHd5d1Z2OGdnSXgtaUZrZktjTkNNdmU5dG1mQlo4TnhsUG41d0tyYlBuQU1odVE4WGs1d0QwOUl5VV9jcnFjblJBNFRPcUlxZW1URDRmU1J6ek5BaGp3cG9ab0oyY1RmMlFxYlotNHpfWGlacDFiQkluZTFyM193NFo3Mzl3UzZ5SThQLTNfWlJ5cHV1dzZ2TU5yNS1OaWQ0S2NtUWRYTkJsQ3ZiTWlRUmpBYzQ0WlJzY3hKVUhoc3lQ |
Awesome alert system for any type of building, nice and versatile! Well done! | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwdUtkNGZHZkRXZVlOUDNDcG9aRW9xX2dfY1o1cUVXUDNGdmRndDg2Q2d5N2xjT0lNNjlJYy1nc1VqZXFjcDdnaElyRnd5SzNxZ2FpTnBCTDViOUdPTVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EYmVKbkFIUmZVLWZuLUdZNWZMeFdyTHkwbS1jdm9oQlVBQWo0WjgxUHAzdFhsWDZydFdNSzFqLV9TMk9wT3ZSemtUTVNsNG0wb2MwZDdtOUpjYjNrdkhDRDhpWjZQQXl5Zm54Q3R3WXRCOWpUeTdXQVJ6Tl9taGFwUXBkMFdjSHgyX3NzaXVYWE9odlg1aFA1RnR1VUNnTHo3SkRIMjFEOE5oYVhKU1F3OENyYlpOdXBLUS04bW92U3kzMkFMZldo |
Thanks I I worked on it really hard | r/militarytechnology | comment | r/MilitaryTechnology | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwLWxySk1sY0V1NVpnNDZMRi1NZHdFZ2hkd3gxZU9pTzhjNTdQRFNXcFhZVTJDQkF3M1k2ZVdiMlpKWkswQ0xnd2pHSGU4VE1yVHhnUG5yWDlJcXNCTGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EdVduaW5PVC1VQUtwTzhfcUdRbzFJQ3h3ZHltWTFQZEplbWxkdFJNVWVNYWFzc2VFZUZ4Y0RiXzhqVEpUdTFob1hlRFJTcGUyRXp5eklFWkYtVXJpNGlPT04wWXBQU3BtSTdMTlREdVRMd3dVZDgxTGZXMzZYWFZ2Q0FNNUlLZTl6R3Z5NlZLN0dLaDk0OXk4ZmtteERMZFlGSDhnbm1VUmE1UFlxRWFxS2xDRG5PTkhydkxNNmduWENoUXc2SDBR |
They did, repeatedly, so did the BBC and may other western news sources before it became politically unwanted to discuss the NAZI problem.... | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcTJnWlhOZURLVkpSYUlJa28ycEJ0dTRvd2pRYnNQNnA1RTl0TGR6MVJ3d0dXX2YtWldobl9UQ0dQWFZ6d3FCYkN5ak5EcTJoWTJVWHhyVi1TTUN5Q1E9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EVHotaXV2ODVJRjl0MnRnTXhGbW0zZHBBanlyRlNkc0g4eUh6cUl2UVRZRTQ3Q21veDc3a21zQXBFRE5OeDQxMUI1RVJPa094UDBkam4xSlhaSkJVUG1wQXRpV1lSbDI5eUJLSGxkMkpTOHpBM0RSMGJHOFZhb2w4QVFMN25xS3R0RHhZbV9UNUZNYnBtc1ZPU19na2dzclNIN0JFZGh5cnNCU0dyc3JsMXFIaXFoRkVpajV5SDZfUi05REVSeVBLU3RDSExWMEdsY1RxVlV6UkREVlMyQT09 |
They did, repeatedly, so did the BBC and may other western news sources before it became politically unwanted to discuss the NAZI problem... | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwVDlNUi1WNnpnUjFFOVNsNUZ6ZzdON2loN1dEYXk5X29CZWdSVkp1YVRjSEtOUjdEZUQ3cWg4dVhoMHhIMHBMQThvbHMwTDNmUnpZeFo5NXVLa01iWVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbzdzUW16YUJQSHo5NTl5MFVublpPQWZGaW1mNmVVV241UDJJM2xEdWVTWTUxMkRuZGE4eXlFekNncEJob0hpYmV0ODU2NUFFMHRYQzBWNzdoQ0tfR1pvYUZiQS1PUDB3TE45ZGNrYXN4SGxqc2M1bnFuYWpaYXI2S29oS0RfQURyY0pFeDg1QlRxV09vWnY0NmNrcUo3Njk3bUxKSHJ5RTVSb2VoY0VLWWlIQ1VldEJRc1l0WVpROE5vWkdWWlp2aWQyNXRCOHFPaXFzOFN0MlRDYnZHZz09 |
Source? | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcmNxTGIwUE5LRFF3bFB1d3BWdzIzSE5DM0NyOFp3b09GeGJQd0pFa0lBXzdBNFMxOXc4NmRidGRHQ2wzVTJXUm1UUVdRR3Jsd0xBY2E1eEtDdHR3dXc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EczlqZV9KUDlVZFlkSVBlSVl5QXlvSk1hbjJ0eXBvN3Z1U2xyZU9abU1JcWk2WTh5c29fZmZTY0ZzdVFQWURhVTl3RWlIZjNzUGJDSVNEcnJfQ3hSblVpbWVteHpBc1BBVHU5YmFTNFdQdlFaa3U0aVoxRmNScVhCRS0yZElkazljSEtBRUk1dWlLdXdDTTNyQmdxM3hVR1ljYkU3aVNqUXlIZUZiWVpfczdkQkhFbVpTNkdOcU5uVDN2OWNlc2tMdzhEdXJXNXJteTU4WHRURHpZTDROdz09 |
Do your own homework, I’ll give you a start by saying look from about 2014-2018. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcHFTeFEyY3RCckI4MjllSHRoWGl0anQ1ejBNZXRHSVhxVkd6SjNFQ0xsV0w3Z0ZPTWRodTI3bnFVSW9iczhQbGJvNDBoOUV0RnBNRlVfMWpTQndocEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ES2FhX1BOcU1XeU8zUVlmU2YzYzd3TDdNNWtFQzdMWjN4d05WYm9hTUNwR3Z2SFhWUE9FYWNfNE5JUkg2Y0RzNF9HUmEyNnZVbnFwVmxnMW1oZFpVbzZsUy1JRlhTSEdXdzNJTkpkblRaVzdtSzNKd1ZIX1U2aVJ3ZjY1SHo2b2dJNUd2Tklra1U3ZFFoZHFUVWotSmNoNHk3YmJtLUFTemlNRGNkTDNHS3NMV2xqWDM1TXpjSXpuRVd5RTBxVHA5cm9SU0FMU2pjUXQ0SUNSRWpMQnZYZz09 |
That's the thing, i looked, i asked around, could never find any case of when Russia has accused the government of Ukraine being Nazis that are causing a serious humanitarian crisis that needs to be dealt with in front of the UN. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwbUtQelhOM3NzMmI5bHRiV3lFRi04VFpVdEwyTWVwd1NuX0RRWHZmWjY0WlRjS2NkUGE2UG40cVg5TWZIZ3RndUU4d2dSZVMwdkZtTFNLVWdpMmpQV0E9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQmJ3Y09kR3Z5M2pRck9ORkUxSlVYSXdRd282OFlTcVlQYS1DOEs1VTFnYURyUXpkZGR4U0pHV0paYkl5OEZCRzNaMUVwRWw3eUctOGtOT0pjUDMzQzhtRllUZFpLMHoycHNpTHlhbXVYM0ZzUGpLU3lLZElBODA1TkJVR183anprVXk2SERCV29YWU9iRTRsYTNaMWk5NDRJc2JUa2JfMnFfVFQ0Ymczdk9HNV84TTRwb25zMkRsbXdOMk1hNzQyMENER0h2VW5Cb0J2M3BCaVRRN3o3QT09 |
And another thing: Zelensky or his party Слуга Народу wasn't even in the Ukrainian government between 2014 and 2018.
So even if Russia did complain about the Ukrainian government in the UN between 2014 and 2018 then they are fighting a completely different government now. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwcDQ3bU5pazM0c1lUb0pmNXBITTI4WXQzTDAzYkpnVGRsM0hiWmRscFpwaXVFNFhJRmpYSllRYmJLSmdRSlNjYS16V0lONUx4bTRid1pfUWswOVc1OUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9Eel85VHpqemU1SzlqTFVfWEs3b3hJS0d1RkcyM2E5Tk9USWp5NjhPMTVUaGNNMVU3SVBqQ2dYb21nOE9NQl9WYXRDWkplUHlLdEhiWXowUGo3LVkzb3V0ellTcFhPb0wtbkRQQk1Rc0VmeTBKV2dKZXFvYXBROU5YZjd4WlFCNlppSHphbFRGUWVhcUNDX1kwbV9qZzBPVy1kcnBLWXI1UW93dzFUNnZmSlh0Y0VmS05OTUJSa2g1dHpRSGhnZWpmZU5WY3FKdEliRmpSNFNFS2NjLTh4Zz09 |
There is they talked about the serious problem of Azov and the right sector until it became politically inconvenient. There’s videos of rooms full of Nazi memorabilia in their headquarters, it’s a bbc report you will find it if you look hard enough. I would but I’m busy researching climate change stuff. It was pretty widely reported on until the truth about that became bad for the narrative they spun recently. | r/russianpolitics | comment | r/RussianPolitics | 2022-08-28 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwNi1VWVIxRFhuRng3SFZQUzFia0R5NHhwWndvSUlnNXUtNThCcnhfWl9aYURocm9RSmlXYXRScU5LX2lWdE5mZzZsR2p3YV92blRUQVhaZGQ4WndoUXc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbGd6UUVJTS1WR0Z2QmdoZ1RpUmo0cXhsU1RkNmk2RTU5N0pfbEJsRkJhSGdwbGVHSmliT3BiZlcyOWVNc0x5QU5yek1CNDRhX3JFVmRWVmtmYTdrdURQaW1ZODJuenBYblI3U1FMREhzeGpVQ3l1WHJWcmo5ZVBmdDhLOTV0Mnh2aHNrZTlaekFXY1pEd0g2QVgzNzd1V2ozb2pvbC05aWdKMHRWcDl5SU9JS1h4WGtNd3d6WWRMS2dqZWhPeXI5SEllbDUxUmRadkVIRmhXZXlEekw3QT09 |
Truly tragic.
These Mad Maxers need to have their assets and vehicles [ and credit cards ] confiscated not only by the courts, but by the local communities.
Looking for a few honest judges, mayors, city councilpersons, and bailiffs in Tripoli, and Sirte too. | r/libyancrisis | comment | r/LibyanCrisis | 2022-08-29 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwX015dFplVHEteXkxWmtSZmVadzc5dnJBVnNYdngzbmY5NnpmYW9BQldUS3RDTlA0T0x5NFV5OU51aDNnVlNGd195RUhaN2YtTE1hbm9hNFFVNzZGVVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbTBrbEdGS3pzSm5QNll3WWJPTHY4LTRILXpJcjJ0NmlNWFZRMUY4US1lb00tSWZ0VnlmekZUUE1YQ0M4RVhjcnhrQlhPYTdKeGI1bmdPZVQ2ZU5YY1R2TkwtbVM1Ukt4TGtyS3VvV3pkZDI3bDdueUdzSVFIaDZSUFR4T2I1b3I1X2Nkazh6VXRDM0taQXVZV0hvejk4YzBFUnZJWHlqWjRxZl9GYVB2eDJicUZVS2dQb1ZrZTRSa0xNRk10Uk1KYjFpTS1VZTJ1eDRZWXJCLTZTYWJjdz09 |
*“I could not forget the injunction of the only man I ever obeyed almost blindly, Jatin Da’s heroic death must be avenged. Only a year had passed since then. But in the meantime I had come to realise that I admired Jatin Da because he personified, perhaps without himself knowing it, the best of mankind. The corollary to that realisation was that Jatin da’s death would be avenged if I worked for the ideal of establishing a social order in which the best in man could be manifest.”- M.N.Roy.*
*Though I had to do my duty, I have a great admiration for him. He died in an open fight. If he had been an Englishman, his statue would have been next to Lord Nelson in Trafalgar Square- Charles Tegart, British intelligence chief who captured him.*
​
https://preview.redd.it/80upg10c6ym91.png?width=467&format=png&auto=webp&s=569120ca7e193ed7b9aff183e4453ccb80894d81
Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as Bagha Jatin, after he killed a tiger with his bare hands, one of the greatest revolutionaries of all time. Kushtia now in Bangladesh, the ancestral land of Rabindranath Tagore, was where Jatin was born on December 8, 1879 to Sharat Shashi and Umeschandra Mukherjee. Losing his father when he was just five years, Jatin grew up under the care of his mother, a gifted poet herself. Growing up to be a strapping young lad, Jatin was known for his physical strength, as well being a gifted actor, especially in playing roles of Pauranic characters like Prahlad, Hanuman, Dhruva. Driven by a nationalist fervor, he used the dramas to spread the message of nationalism, and urged the singing bards to sing more patriotic songs.
Finishing his studies from Krishnanagar, Jatin joined the the Kolkata Central College( now named after Khudiram Bose to study Fine Arts in 1895. It was here he came in touch with Swami Vivekananda, who influenced his ideology, and he became one of Swamiji’s most ardent devotees. He was one among the youth volunteers whom Swamiji desired with with “muscles of iron and nerves of steel”, and played an active role in assisting the poor and needy, especially during floods and famines.
He actively assisted Bhagini Nivedita, in her service missions and also learnt wrestling. Fed up with the English education system, he began to write regularly, showcasing the British exploitation of India and the need to have an Indian National Army. In 1900, he was married to Indubala Banerjee of Kumarkhali, and had 4 children.
However when he lost his elder son Atindra, he went on a pilgrimage to Haridwar, where he found inner peace. Returning to his native village, he had that encounter with the tiger, when searching for a notorious man eating leopard. He managed to kill the tiger with a Khukri, but not before being severely wounded himself. The surgeon Lt Col Suresh Sarbadhikari, who treated him, and removed the tiger nails from his body, published an article, impressed by his bravery. And that is when he got the title of ” Bagha” Jatin, that also became his more popular name
Jatin played a vital role in setting up one of the brances of Anushilan Samiti, at Dhaka, where he met Aurobindo in 1903,and decided to collaborate with him. During a procession of the Prince of Wales in Kolkata in 1905, Jatin assaulted a group of English soldiers, who were misbehaving with the Indian ladies, drawing attention of the higher ups.
Along with Barindra Ghosh, one of the founding members of Jugantar, Jatin set up a bomb factory near Deoghar( now in Jharkhand), while Barindra did the same at Maniktala. He simultaneously developed a loose network of autonomous sleeper cells, which organized relief missions, welfare activities, as well as religious congregations like the Kumbh Mela, and used to celebrate the birth anniversaries of Ramakrishna Paramahansa and Swami Vivekananda annually.
By now he was fully under British surveillance, who saw him as one of the biggest threats. Soon he began to spread his activities, setting up branches of the Anushilan Samiti in Darjeeling and Siliguri, apart from being noted for his regular fisticuffs with the British officers. One such clash led to legal proceedings, and when warned by the Magistrate to behave, Jatin shot back, stating he would not hesitate to do so again for the rights of his fellow Indians. When the British cracked down on the conspirators of the Alipore Bomb case, Jatin was one of those who managed to get away. He soon filled up the leadership vaccum, taking over the Jugantar Party and began to set up it’s units all over Bengal, as well as in Odisha and Eastern UP.
When the British Government struck back with a series of repressive measures, to surpress the revolutionaries, Jatin hit back with a series of actions, most conducted in top secrecy. Assasination attempts were made on the Lt. Governor of Bengal in 1908, bank robberies carried out to raise funds.
Finally on January 27, 1910, Jatin was arrested in connection with the assasination of prosecutor Ashutosh Biswas, and DSP Samsul Alam, but released. Only to be arrested again in connection with the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case, along with 46 others on charges of waging war against the Emperor and instigating Indian soldiers in the army. However the case failed due to lack of proper evidence and in the meantime, he also made good contacts with other fellow revolutionaries in prison.
On release from prison in 1911, Jatin temporarily suspended his revolutionary activities for some time. Having lost his job, he left Kolkata and started doing contracts on the Jessore-Jhenaidah railway line, that gave him ample time to move around and revitalize the units in Bengal. Going on a pilgrimage to Haridwar, Vrindavan he got in touch with Swami Niralamba, an ex revolutionary Jatindra Nath Banerjee, who took up Sanyas.
He soon coordinated with [Rash Behari Bose](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2015/05/29/rash-behari-bose/), and Lala Hardayal in spreading the revolutionary work in the Northern part of India. On his return to Kolkata,he reorganized Jugantar, continuing his relief activities, especially during the devastating Damodar river floods, in Midnapore, Burdwan districts. Rash Behari too joined him around that time, calling him a real leader of men, and soon began to plan a 1857 kind of revolt, negotation with disaffected Indian army officers at Fort William, the nerve center of the British Indian army then.
Jatin’s fame had spread abroad too, and expat Indian revolutionaries in US, Europe were inspired by him. His emissary Taraknath Das, along with Guran Ditt Kumar was already organizing evening schools for Indian immigrants on the West Coast of US and Canada, most of them migrant Hindu and Sikh worker, at Vancouver, Portland, Seattle, San Francisco. Apart from teaching them simple English, they were made aware of their rights, and periodicals like Free Hindustan, Swadesh Sevak( in Punjabi) spread the revolutionary, nationalist thoughts amongst them.
Lala Hardayal meanwhile resigned from his teaching job at University of California, Berkeley in 1913, and travelling along the West Coast, openly exhorted the Indian migrant workers to revolt against the British rule. It was around this time in November he founded Ghadr, which involved the Sikhs on a large scale in the revolt.
When World War I, broke out, in September 1914, the Berlin Committe was formed by Virendranath Chattopdhyaya that included members of the Ghadr party too. It’s aim was to foment an 1857 style uprising, in India, as it felt that with the British engaged in the war, it would be the right time to strike. The German Government supported the mission with arms, ammunition and funds, while a large number of Ghadr party members too began to leave for India.
It was Jatin who carried out the entire mission, leading the Jugantar, while Rash Behari began to execute the plan in UP and Punjab. Called as the German plot or Hindu-German conspiracy, Jatin began to raise funds organizing a series of armed robberies, using taxicabs. With police surveillance intensifying, Jugantar members urged Jatin to shift to a safer spot like Balasore on the Odisha coast, which was also the entry point for German arms into India.
Jatin sent one of his close associates Naren Bhattacharya, who would later become more well known as M.N.Roy, the founder of the Communist party in India, to make a deal with the Germans regarding financial aid and arms.
However a group of Czech revolutionaries, who had infiltrated the network, uncovered Jatin’s plans, and soon the information was leaked out to the higher authorities in Britian and US. The British sealed off the Eastern coast of India from Chittagong to Gopalpur, as well as the entire Gangetic delta. They also raided Harry and Sons, which Jatin had set up as a front, for smuggling in the arms, and soon traced his location to Kaptipada village, where he was hiding with his associates Chittapriya Ray Chaudhari and Manoranjan Sengupta.
Jatin was advised to leave his hideout, however his insistence on taking two other associates Niren and Jatish, caused a delay, giving enough time for the police, to reach the area, along with an army unit from Chandbali, cutting off all escape routes. For two days, Jatin along with his companions fled through the thick forests of Mayurbhanj, before reaching Balasore station.
However tempted by the reward for capture of the five “bandits” announced by the British, the local villagers, informed the police. Finally on September 9, 1915, Jatin and his associates took up position in a small trench at Chashakhand near Balasore. Inspite of Chittapriya, asking him to flee, Jatin refused to abandon his companions and fought back against the British.
In an intense gunfight that lasted for 75 minutes, between the five revolutionaries armed with Mauser pistols, and fully armed police contingent, they still managed to inflict a large number of casualties on the British side. Chittapriya died in the firing, Jatin and Jatish were severely wounded, while Manoranjan and Niren ran out of ammunition and were captured.
September 10, 1915- The man who had fought a tiger bare handed, led a long revolution against the British, passed away due to the bullet wounds. Bagha Jatin was no more, the tiger of Bengal had fallen silent.
Source: My article on him here
[Bagha Jatin.](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2018/09/10/bagha-jatin/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-10 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lakwwa2t0QjBUR2pjck9TTE4zTmlGYllvS28zdk1ZYklxMXFGaGYxNFpKNmExWC1Vc1BVM0JVaXMxR3dIWGVxM2pJTldPTXRHQUhST0RYLTBWX2JUT3pITEE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbEFCazBab01palNBNXh6U2lfLXQxQTJyRHh4bEZNZ2FjNGdOVjBwWmFrU1BCWFJDY3VrZ1Y4QkhFRGN6NkJpb1RldzNodWotbm10b0F4dHRCeUxEXzVHeWhRRUlramNaZ0lwYVF3M1hnLWl0VTltX0NIWUhsekxIWkZFSVRwNWtqYlRadW5SdHpiVEdIZkdTRlFDRks4UGNFd3NxbFpJOTNVS1A5bGFMS0RxLW5MSmc1TENZd3djblFYUnlfLWNqZlNyZTZiMG1aV2VZcmRnNVQ1MmhWZz09 |
I'm not sure but I was wondering if anyone knows of any countries that accept Americans as refugees? I had interest in the Netherlands but they don't accept American citizens. | r/refugees | comment | r/Refugees | 2022-09-10 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lakwwc2R0V2RXSGxJRF9sZ1lvQS1ZeEw0am55YWpQNXY3ZkhXZXpfaU1aTEpUdHVkS0MzNVh3S1J5cmQtaFN2dmFoTHh5MzBndm5XcXlfSFJOTzA5bkhHTUdKSDVwSmZVeVNodFBSWTlVU0VtTDg9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ES2hndjNjZGxMS0FzZzlkTmhCWlhMTmdzZldHeFZXQk9zUkRwbjYtcGlkS0JIalZQYXBRR0JTYzFaVzNFOEk2RDNOQThrcUJxTVkzMXl5T21IMlNZZENBTkNCMFE4RU9weFRDTU85MGVqRmxoMnZ4WlRIYmFIYTlQUFBHUHhBdlQ5WG5KVGVMejVGNnk1Qnp5NFc5WS1NS3hKOUhTX0NWNlVBWnlETEl3UUJXS0I3OEthXy1ka3p0TThPZDF5azA4MTVfMzdHak1Hejlvd2xfNmZhb2VPZz09 |
**Chinnaswami Subramania Bharathi,** or better known as **Mahakavi Bharatiyar**, a writer, a revolutionary, a freedom fighter, a nationalist and thinker. A polyglot fluent in 14 languages, and one of the most prolific writers in Tamil, who wrote on a variety of themes. One of the pioneers of modern Tamil Literature, who used simple language to reach to the masses, and a metre called Nondi Chinu in most of his works. His proficiency in various languages earned him the title of Bharati, when he was just 11, meaning one blessed by Saraswati Devi.
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He was born in Ettayapuram on on December 11, 1882 to Chinnaswami Subramania Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal. Losing his mother at the age of just five, he was bought up by his father who wanted him to become a lawyer. Bharatiyar however was more poetically and musically inclined, and he passed out from the MDT College in Tirunelveli. Losing his father at 16, he later married Chellamma, who would be a lifelong companion and source of support to him.
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Bharati’s spiritualism and nationalism, was a result of his stay at Varanasi, where he went for higher studies. It was the time of the freedom struggle, and Bharati was deeply influenced by it’s values. He learnt Hindi, Sanskrit and English there, and grew a beard, began to sport a turban, influenced by a close Sikh friend of his. Returning to Ettayapuram in 1901, he spent some time as the court poet of the Rajah there. He also worked as a Tamil teacher at the Sethupathy High School in Madurai in 1904. It was during this time, that he felt the need to be informed of the much larger world outside, and the events that were happening.
He joined as Assistant Editor in Swadeshimitran, a Tamil daily, however it was his meeting with [Bhagini Nivedita](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2018/10/28/bhagini-nivedita/) in 1905 after returning from the Benares Congress session, that would influence his outlook. It was Nivedita who urged him to work for the cause of women’s education. Bharatiyar saw women as Shakti, who would build a new society along with man. Along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak his political guru, Nivedita would be another great influence on him. He soon became an active member of the Congress, taking part in the Kolkata session under Dadabhai Nauroji which called for Swaraj and boycott of British goods.
He also started to edit the English weekly India and the Tamil newspaper Bala Bharatham with M.P.T. Acharya, another great freedom fighter, who would later work with Veer Savarkar in London. Bharatiyar used the media to inculcate nationalist thoughts in the masses through his poems and articles. From devotional hynmns to nationalist poems, from deeply philosophical works on the relation between God and Man, to songs on the French and Russian revolutions, Bharatiyar’s output was prodigious. During the historic Surat session of Congress in 1907, when the split occured between Moderates and Extremists, Bharatiyar along with [VO Chidambaram Pillai](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2018/09/05/v-o-chidambaram-pillai/) and Varadhachariar, openly supported the Tilak group.
Pillai was arrested by the British in 1908, as also the propretior of the journal India. Facing the prospect of arrest, Bharatiyar fled to Pondicherry, then under French rule, living in exile, and resumed his writing. He edited the weekly journal India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, Bala Bharatam, a monthly and Suryodayam a local weekly. The British struck back stopping remitances, letters to those outlets, both India and Vijaya were banned in 1909.
It was during his exile in Pondicherry that Bharatiyar came into contact with Aurobindo, and leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai and VVS Aiyar. He assisted Aurobindo in publication of the journals Arya and Karma Yogi. And he also learnt Vedic literature extensively during this time. It was in this period, 3 of his greatest works were written, Kuyil Pattu a romantic poem , inspired by John Keat’s Ode to a Nightingale. Kannan Paatu a series of poems on Krishna, and his classic Panchali Sabatham, which is about the events leading to Draupadi’s humilation at the Kaurava court, and the pledge she takes to destroy the Kuru royal family. Some critics, saw Panchali Sabatham as an allegory to the freedom struggle too, with Kurukshetra as the freedom struggle, waged by the Indians( Pandavas) against Kauravas( British).
He also translated the Bhagavat Gita, Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra and many Vedic hymns into Tamil. Bharatiyar once again tried to make his entry back to India, but was arrested at Cuddalore in 1918. He spent three weeks in the Central Prison at Cuddalore, before being released on the intervention of Annie Beasant and CP Ramaswamy Iyer. He resumed his editing of Swadesimitran in 1920 from Chennai. However the continous imprisonments took a toll on his health, and financially too he had fallen on hard times.
He spent his last years at Triplicane Chennai, where he continued to write and speak to the people. His last speech was at the Karungalpalayam Library in Erode, on *Man is Immortal.* He used to visit the Parthasarathy Temple at Triplicane regularly, and on one such visit, he was attacked by the temple elephant, whom he used to feed regularly. Though he survived with injuries, his health began to deteriorate and on September 11, he passed away. The Mahakavi whose poems aroused the nationalist feelings of masses, who fought against British rule, was no more. Sadly only 14 people attended the funeral of the great man, as he died unmourned and in poverty.
Bharatiyar is considered as one of the pioneers of modern Tamil literature, with his usage of simple language, and also introduced many new literary techniques. It was hard to categorize Bharatiyar, his poetry combined both the classic and contemporary elements. While a reformist, he was deeply rooted in traditional Hindu philosophy and tradition. He wrote on topics as diverse as Indian nationalism, love songs, children’s poems, as well as poems on great leaders like Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai. He even translated speeches of Aurobindo, Swami Vivekananda and Tilak to Tamil.
>*Even if Indians are divided, they are children of one Mother, where is the need for foreigners to interfere?*
He felt passionately not just for India’s freedom, but also it’s future. He wrote about the need for a strong defense, a vibrant shipping sector, universal education and a strong industry. He was against casteism, he performed Upanayanam for a young Dalit boy, and spoke of bringing them into mainstream.
Source- My article on him here
[https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2019/09/10/mahakavi-bharatiyar/](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2019/09/10/mahakavi-bharatiyar/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-11 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUjhnaVNsNW8yWUlZcmFWdEgxTGtOa0pwaXhLWlRnWXg2blNUS191dXdvZTdlcnhaUWxyMnhCNlNGTko2dW5fWUdGemFkUWgyNl9KdmJ4Q0R2OFlDYlE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ERDlNeWozajFVYk9LVzIwOGhuSXdkVVFZblZTS212dGJUS2NyVVp4c1h1b05LMERWT3ZCTDV4REhwSXFHcVR1OWgzTi1acTRlNXNSdl9nbDYycHlRODF4S1oybFY3SjkzSFBUTmhZaHJaWXUwczltU0dnNnVSaVFIQ0hLQjE4bkxSZzZ1eEVNdUZLT0hDN2x5UVNYZlhuMjFJRGtHdF8xMUlkT2tRcFp5S21VZk81ckVJekg3OVNndW81eVJnU0dmUDVyQ3JLNTdFeXhWa0sxVTNWWmE4dz09 |
​
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The State of Hyderabad stretched from Aurangabad in the North West to Mahbubnagar in the South East, from Adilabad in the North East to Raichur in the South West. It covered the present day Marathwada in Maharashtra, Northern Karnataka, and the Telangana region.
It had a population of 16.34 million as per the 1941 census, the majority of whom were Hindu, around 85%, with Muslims making up 12% and the rest being Christians, Sikhs, Parsis. Though predominantly Telugu speaking , it had fairly good number of Kannada, Marathi, Urdu speakers.
His Exalted Highness Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi GSCI, GBE Asaf Jah VII as the Nizam was officially called, the world’s richest man. Along with Baroda, Mysore, Gwalior, Jammu and Kashmir, he was one of those princely rulers, who had the privilege of receiving a 21 gun Salute.
The Nizam after Operation Polo, quite often positioned himself as a helpless victim of the Razakars, a quasi military organization, founded by Qasim Rizvi, that wanted to integrate Hyderabad with Pakistan, and run it as per the Sharia.
Some others too have come up with the position, that the Nizam was essentially a decent, well meaning man, who was helpless before the Razakar’s storm trooper style tactics. While there is some amount of truth in that, the fact is that the Razakars were the Nizam’s own creation.
To understand the genesis of the Razakars, one needs to go back further to the Telangana rebellion, that broke out in 1946. For a long time, the rural parts of Hyderabad State, were divided into what was called as Samsthanams, essentially pieces of feudal territories,
These Samsthanams were under the feudal role of the Doras or Deshmukhs, who ran a brutal and often oppressive rule. They owned most of the land, and collected the taxes from the poor peasantry, and keeping them in perpetual bonded labor( called as Vetti Chakiri).
These landlords were the masters of their own land, and had a good bonding with the Nizam and his nobles. The Nizam on the other hand, hardly had any control over these lands, and let the Doras run it as per their own free whims, it was pretty much a quid pro quo arrangement.
It was an unlikely person,who would spark off the Telangana revolt, a doughty woman activist called Chakali Illamma, who fought against the local Zamindar’s attempt to take over 4 acres of her land. That sparked off a revolt all over Telangana, with the communists taking lead.
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The revolt against the Telangana doras, that essentially was against bonded labor and exploitation, saw the Nizam himself become the target. To the villagers and activists, the exploitative landlords, were essentially stooges of the Nizam himself. One of the more popular revolutionary songs of that period was “Bandenaka Bandi Katti, Padaharu Ballu Katti, Nenosthanu koduka ra Nizam sarakaroda”. Loosely translated it means “Tying one cart after another, and 16 carts in tow, I am coming for you stooge of the Nizam”.
Rural discontent was high against the Nizam, on one side the Communist leaders like Sundarayya, Ch.Rajeswara Rao , on the other side, Congress leaders like Swami Ramananda Teertha, P.V.Narasimha Rao, rising up against his rule. There was another reason too for the simmering discontent, in spite of the fact that Hindus constituted 85% of the population in Hyderabad State as per 1941 census, with Muslims making up 12%, they were severely under represented in the Government.
The Army had 1268 Muslim officers and only 421 Hindu officers, in a strength of 1765, most of the highly paid officers were Muslim, and the Nizam and his nobles owned 40% of the land. Faced with growing discontent, and also the fear of a Hindu uprising, the Nizam gave a free hand to Qasim Rizvi , an advocate from Latur, to set up the Razakars,to counter it.If terror had a face this was it.
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Qasim Rizvi, had joined the Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul Muslimeen(MIM), which was founded by Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar, on the advice of the Nizam himself, and it’s first meeting was held in 1927. The aim of the MIM was to establish a Muslim dominion rather than integration with India, it was however under Bahadur Yar Jung, that it acquired the radical character.
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Yar Jung wanted Hyderabad to be a separate Islamic state independent of India, governed by Sharia. Known for his oratory, and a close friend of Mohd.Ali Jinnah and Mohd.Iqbal, he was one of the leading advocates of Pakistan. Rizvi by then had already risen in the ranks, and was a close confidante to Bahadur Yar Jung, and when the latter died suddenly in 1944, he took over the MIM.
He then set up the Razakars, a fanatic, dreaded militia, that was the equivalent of Mussolini’s Black Shirts and Hitler’s Storm troopers, and this had the blessings of the Nizam. The Nizam encouraged Rizvi and the Razakars, in order to counter the rising discontent among the rural population, and also the protests by the Communists and the Hyderabad State Congress.
The Razakars unleashed a reign of terror in Hyderabad State, with their storm-trooping acts. Villages were attacked in the middle of night, and after rounding the mostly Hindu residents up, they were massacred en masse.
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There have been eye witness accounts from some villagers, who managed to escape the Razakar’s by playing dead,often having to lie still on a pile of corpses. In some cases, the villagers fled to the nearest jungle or one of the numerous uninhabited mud forts to escape. Rape, arson, torture, looting, were common tactics by the Razakars to intimidate the population. Much as the Nizam later protested he was a mere pawn, in the hands of the Razakars, the fact is that he was responsible for funding them, and also providing them arms.
It was a Frankenstein he had created, with encouragement from Jinnah, Qasim Rizvi soon became more powerful than the Nizam. He was not just against Hindus, even those Muslims who did not favor integration with Pakistan, and wanted to be a part of India were targeted. A young Muslim journalist Shoebullah Khan who favored integration with India, was murdered. The Nawab of Chattari, Mir Mohd Said Khan was forced out by Rizvi in favor of the more fanatical Mir Laki, and also a close friend of Rizvi.
Sir Walter Monckton, the advisor to the Nizam, resigned, in protest against the Razakar attacks on him. It was not for nothing Sardar Patel told the Nizam, after his surrender, when the latter said “To err is human”, “Yes it may be true, but errors always have consequences”.
August 15, 1947- India had become independent, and the Hyderabad State Congress leaders celebrated it by hoisting the national flag, they were promptly arrested by the Nizam’s police.
The Nizam refused to sign the Instrument of Accession, and instead declared Hyderabad as an independent nation. For Sardar Patel, the existence of an independent country right in the heart of India, was too great a risk, he could never allow it. He was determined to integrate it, even if force was needed. Lord Mountbatten advised Sardar to avoid force, and try seeking a peaceful solution to the issue.
It was then that the Central Govt came up with the Standstill Agreement, in November,1947, which only sought an assurance, that Hyderabad would not accede to Pakistan, and status quo would be maintained. In accordance with the Standstill Agreement, K.M.Munshi was appointed the Indian Government’s envoy and Agent General to Hyderabad. Munshi was one of Patel's close associates, a writer of note, who later founded the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
There was a good reason why Sardar had choosen Munshi for the responsibility, he had earlier been the Home Minister in Bombay from 1937-39, and handled the communally charged situation there well. Munshi had been living in virtual house arrest, was treated with disdain and suspicion by the Nizam’s Government and was living in some buildings that belonged to the Indian Army.
It was some kind of poetic justice, that when the Nizam finally surrendered, he had to submit his resignation to Munshi, whom he had till then treated with disdain. The major issue though was something more serious, hardly was the Standstill Agreement signed, when the Nizam, passed two ordinances in quick succession. One was the restriction on export of precious minerals from Hyderabad to India.
And another was declaring Indian currency as not legal tender in the state, both of them in violation of the Standstill Agreement. On the other hand, the Nizam used this Standstill Agreement to request world leaders, the UN and other Muslim nations to intervene.
He requested for intervention of UN, and also arbitration by the US President Harry Truman, both the efforts in vain though. While Churchill and the Conservatives supported the Nizam, the then Labor Govt headed by Clement Atlee decided to keep its hands off.
The tipping point however came when the Nizam’s Govt, advanced a loan of Rs 20 cr to Pakistan, in form of Govt of India securities. In effect, the Nizam egged on by Rizvi and Laik Ali, was openly cocking a snook at the Indian Govt.On the other hand, the Razakars had become a law unto themselves, carrying out a terror campaign of ethnic cleansing, torture, rape, loot and arson, against Hindus and Muslims who were in favor of integration with India.
**Why did the Nizam and his men have so much confidence on themselves?**
Firstly they felt that even if India were to resort to an economic blockade, Hyderabad State had enough capability to stand on it’s own. They felt that a newly independent India did not have enough military firepower to undertake any action. Also even if India, did take action, all the Muslim nations would automatically come forward to help it, and the UN would be forced to intervene.
Hyderabad state radio, announced that if India were to invade Hyderabad, some thousands of Pathans would come to the rescue of Hyderabad. And above all, you had Qasim Rizvi, the Razakar chief, threatening massacre.
>*Qasim Rizvi-" If India were to attack Hyderabad, nothing but the bones and ashes of 10.5 million Hindus would be found”.*
*Sardar Patel's retort- “If you threaten us with violence, swords will be met with swords”.*
There was a section in the Indian Govt too, that was apprehensive of retaliatory large scale communal violence, against Muslims in other parts of India, should the Hindus face the brunt of any communal violence in Hyderabad.
Also fears of Pakistan attacking India, and the Nizam’s own air-force bombing other cities in India, were there. The Nizam too was busy arming himself, with the help of the Portugese in Goa , Pakistan and a certain Australian arms dealer called Sidney Cotton
Lord Mountbatten in the meanwhile had left India in June, 1948, and that was a huge blow to the Nizam, who was hoping he would somehow help him out.
There still was resistance to Patel’s idea, from the then Commander in Chief of the Indian Army, Sir Roy Bucher, who felt that Hyderabad would be an additional front for the Indian forces already facing a conflict in Kashmir, but Sardar put his foot down.
Finally when the Nizam’s Govt, sent their external Affairs Minister, Nawab Moin Nawaz Jung to the UN Security Council, in September 1948, Sardar felt that there was no other alternative but to invade Hyderabad.
After making a careful study, the decision was finally communicated to the Southern Command, who recommended September 13 as the best date to start the operations.
The official Hyderabad State Army was actually more or less a sub unit of the Razakars, consider this, the total strength of the Nizam’s Army was 22,000 while the Razakar’s made up around 200,000, clearly a case of the tail wagging the dog.
The Army was led by El Eldroos, a close confidante of the Nizam, of Arab Hadrami origin, who had fought in both the World Wars, however an utterly inept commander and strategist to boot.
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The Hyderabad Army actually was more a collection of mercenaries, which included Arabs, Rohillas, Pathans and Muslims from Uttar Pradesh. Though the Razakars made up the bulk of the Army, only 25 % of them were armed with modern weaponry.
The Indian Army was commanded by Gen. Jayanto Nath Chaudhari, a graduated from Kolkata’s St Xavier’s nicknamed as Mucho, and who had fought in the deserts of Africa as well as the Middle East during WWII.
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The final plan for Operation Polo( so called because of the large number of polo grounds in Hyderabad then), was formulated by Lt.Gen. Eric Goddard, GOC of the Southern Command of India and named after him.
Sources
1. Integration of Hyderabad by Sherman Taylor
[http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32805/1/Sherman\_Integration\_princely\_state\_2007.pdf](http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32805/1/Sherman_Integration_princely_state_2007.pdf)
2) There Once was a Hyderabad- Mohan Guruswamy
[https://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585\_mohan\_guruswamy.htm](https://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_mohan_guruswamy.htm)
3) Towards India's Freedom and Partition by S.R.Merhotra
[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154)
4) How the Nizam Lost Hyderabad
[https://www.thehindu.com/books/how-the-nizam-lost-hyderabad-in-1948/article3765710.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/books/how-the-nizam-lost-hyderabad-in-1948/article3765710.ece)
5) The Story of the Integration of Indian States by V.P.Menon
[https://hidf1.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/the-story-of-the-integration-of-the-indian-states-by-v-p-menon.pdf](https://hidf1.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/the-story-of-the-integration-of-the-indian-states-by-v-p-menon.pdf)
My own article on Operation Polo
[https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/operation-polo/](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/operation-polo/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-13 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwweW90eHlkN1h4UXVObS1IcGE1Q2dGSTNaaWFJSjdOWkNFTl9PQUU5ZE5LNlp4U2J0aGtMdVA2T0lqbHRxekNqVlVYemVIQUIycFpsby1tSXhpUzQzQkE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EMXZmTlFZa1dDcTItMlEtQ0ZicjB1dzBPUVdvcXl5ZGhqT3Uxc1Q4NmI4MlpjTHE0dHJVVjdBNnZuSXVoaFZjODZtazFwZUljWkpEYUloZFkxY3V4Y2R0UEo1V05NWHRIRjNGOV93X0RfUExjVGtKQUtSUERwRGxNQkFscXZkakdidnRLRUowZFBodWxwTEF6SF9GR2gyQkJvamd0eWIxMGE0N3l4YURYYTdZUlRvVG9hYnh5dzVQeG01NTNYcFJQdl9FS0dBRXo3UldXc2YxRkpaRU1wUT09 |
**Oh, oops... cannot find even one.**
Roads, railways & postal/telegraph service
Nope. The British set up these basic infrastructure with the blood & sweat of millions of Indians, using Indian ores and metals and wood and other resources, and then taxed the Indians for these infrastructure which were built with the sole purpose of exploiting India's fertile agriculture and vast resources to the maximum, turning India from richest nation in the world to one of the poorest. Trillions of dollars worth of resources and assets were stolen by the British from India, during their centuries of misrule. In fact, so ruthless and cruel was their exploitation, that every few years India faced artificial famines (despite India being the most fertile land in the world with several of the world's largest river systems!), and thus many millions of impoverished malnourished Indians starved and died on the streets and lands in artificial famines such the Great Bengal Famines and Great Madras Famines.
English education
Nope. This was the Macaulay Doctrine, enforced across India to forcibly teach English and Western education by destroying Hindu/Indian cultural education systems [which were in place since many millenia and had given incredible knowledge to the world including the foundations of mathematics, science, etc.], to ensure a steady supply of trained communicative slaves. Result of this Doctrine is that even today, most of the Indian youth do not learn anything about their culture in their schools, they have forgotten the ancient martials arts feared and banned by the British but some of the oldest martials arts like Kalariyattu and Silambam have somehow survived. Thanks to brave gurus, some great traditions were also saved or revived, e.g., Yoga, Ayurveda, Bharatnatyam, Kathakali, Carnatic Music, Traditional textiles, etc. But the Indian youth are not taught these great concepts and traditions, they are instead taught an anti-Indian anti-Hindu pro-Western curriculum [thanks to decades of corrupted and biased education system deliberately implemented by the Congress political party (which even hired an outsider Arab called Maulana Azad to become India's first education minister! Since then many of the Congress employed education ministers have been anti-India and anti-Hindu whose school textbooks openly glorify the Mughals and British as great and benevolent rulers, while portraying the Indian kings & queens as weak losers or useless martyrs) which were created by the British and still are puppets of the Western powers].
Vedas and Indic texts
Nope. Aryan Invasion Theory has been thoroughly disproved in the scientific community. Max Mueller is thus proven to be a fraud, and his PIE (Proto-Indo European language) is a lie. Vedas and ancient Indic texts are totally Indian in origin and have no European origin. In fact, the reverse is true. Ancient Indian culture spread over Middle East and into Europe and Asia. Cultural history of India is millions of years old! PROOFS: Ancient hominis originated from India. AND Singhbhum (Indian subcontinent) is the first landmass to arise from the oceans after last Ice Age meltdown. This is why the common words like 'man', 'woman', 'mankind', 'humanity' are derived from the root word Manu (मनु) -- he was the Indian King Manu (whose wise tenets were codified and preserved by Indian Rishis/Sages as ManuSmriti, the world's oldest treatise on ethics and laws). Even the basic English words like Mother, Father, Brother, Divine, etc are derived from Sanskrit words. e.g., मातृ (Matru) is the etymological root for "Mother", and it itself is derived from the word मान् (Man), which means that which is respected. This is why we Indians respectfully call our dear & ancient nation as Mother India.🇮🇳🙏
Law & Governance
Nope. The less said about this the better. Thanks to the British, the Indian judiciary, police, administration and politicians were by default anti-Hindu and anti-India. Police force in India was formed by the British to brutally quell any Indian rebellions. Constitution of India is the only Constitution in the world that's anti-majority (anti-Hindu). And unfortunately, this travesty of democracy and laws happened in the land that taught the world the basic concepts of democracy, human rights, politics, ethics, laws, social welfare and commerce etc (via the pioneering ancient Indian texts like ManuSmriti, Kautilya's ArthaShastra & NitiShashtra, etc.)
Protecting from World Wars
Nope. It was Indians who were forcibly conscripted by the British to fight an alien war that had nothing to do with India, and significant chunk of the Allied forces were Indians, however Britain steadfastly refused (for more than half a century) to acknowledge the Indian soldiers' contributions (obscuring them from most history books, including the Indian bravery at Battle of Dunkirk etc) and only in recent years have there been any small repatriations done (a few statues of of Sikh soldiers, etc.).
Uniting India
Nope. It was the Maratha empire and Sikh empires which united most of India, by overthrowing the Mughals and British wherever they were entrenched, and even reconquering Delhi. The Marathas empire was also the pioneer of the modern Indian Navy - Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is considered as Father of Indian Navy. The British just took over from them (thus getting a united India) when the Maratha empire weakened due to betrayals, misfortunes and infighting. Sardar Patel unified the Princely States into Union of India. Before the British exited India (due to their weakening in the world wars, and due to the threats of the advancing army of Netaji Bose and the armed rebellions of the Indian soldiers such as Singapore Sepoy Mutiny, Naval Mutiny and Ghadar Rebellion), the cunning British ruthlessly executed their goodbye blow of Partitioning India (on basis of religion!), which mortally, physically, financially and emotionally impacted hundreds of millions of Indians in its bloody wake. Greatest Holocaust of modern era, it was, and its repercussions are still hurting the Indian subcontinent even till today.
As a resurging India now rises to a bold and hopeful destiny, the enemies of India are relentless in their attempts to hurt and weaken India, as they continue their civilizational war every day, but for Indians to survive and defend, the foremost essence is knowledge and awareness. Forewarned is forearmed.
India was never industrialized by the British.
In fact, they did the reverse.
They systematically dismantled and destroyed most of the traditional industries in India.
The British cut off the thumbs & fingers of expert handloom weavers, to prevent them from weaving the extraordinary fine textiles that India was famous for many millenia.
The British forced Indian farmers not to grow their traditional crops or even most food crops, but only to grow the crops that British needed, such as jute (which decimates the soil; jute was needed for the ropes etc used in all the British ships), rubber plantations, cotton. The result of such deliberate misgovernance and extreme exploitative taxation on the enslaved impoverished Indians was the Great Artificial Famines that destroyed many millions of Indian lives.
The British destroyed or captured the India sea ports, and dismantled the traditional import-export goods system with their own meant only to export goods to Britain and to import few goods meant only for the British officers & families in India. Surat had thrived as the world's premier trading post as India was only source of diamonds, but the British corrupted this industry too, and all gems & jewels went to Britian. This is how the Kohinoor and other priceless Indian gems became the Crown Jewels. Over the centuries of British Raj, the shipping industry of India was crippled to the extent that it took decades for Indian ports to recover even after Independence. Indians used to be world famous as shipmakers, but today that industry is almost non-existent except for internal national use.
The British destroyed the technical industries of India such as the metalsmithing (e.g., the Wootz steel to make Damascus blades which were world famous examples of legendary techniques of Indian metalsmithing), ship-manufacturing, architecture, etc. Over the centuries of British Raj, Indians lost the legendary skills in these industries which they had learnt over many millenia, which had made India world famous for its industrial outputs, especially spices, food, metals, gems and textiles.
The British ensured that not a single city of India was transformed into a mega-polis like London or New York were (UK and USA were built using the trillions of dollars/pounds worth of wealth and assets and blood&sweat looted from Colonies, especially India, over the centuries).
The British controlled the Telegraphs and Post Offices.
The British controlled and looted the temples and ashrams.
The British destroyed the traditional Vedic education system and replaced it with Anglicised rote-learning based flawed education based on Macaulay's Doctrine.
Suffice it to say that British succesfully made Bharat (the richest most industrialized region of the world - it was the dominant economy of the world), and turned it into the poorest artificial-famine-stricken industry-crippled region of the world.
credits: u/Random_Reflections | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-14 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwX3ZqWS1kdE9fdHNvenF0MXV0NTdxbFp6WjVURVp3WWZRel9vV3luRjdGTVNYNk5CLUsteE5RenNWWFJydWNvdnYxdmJnZWxCVTN6blpkZURrOHl0MGc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ETGlCQUxncDhKYVlLUS1xU0tDNWhrUXYtWVBGSGJnU0pCTDUtVEJxaWtTNVpXUzJrak5GbkFub3dfcWRKVHYxcXlrVmhBRUFsV2xxNDFLS2FuY1phMk92Mkg4aWlxcDh0UDEzX0ZjWmRaSDQ3T2hDLUhWLXRBYmVqUGpGN2s1Q0gxSjJub0JmdWRSWDdQQ1FNTEFITFYwSmVfUjM1UkJnNDZNY0tHUHFHaTFlUWs3ZmNXRGczYWZ5U0dRMjdqWm1JU0JfLURPczVHb0RkWEdXOXhxaHVCdz09 |
Sonia Gandhi, Rahul and current family have not served in any critical governmental position ever, and they had zero threats as they are best friends of Pakistan and China, but they deliberately had ultra-expensive top-tier SPG category security for decades, at taxpayers cost, especially for their innumerable personal vacations (at taxpayers cost) to Bangkok, Italy, London, etc. Even PM Dr. Manmohan Singh was not given such special privileges, and the Nehru-family routinely misused their undue power & illegal privileges. When China invited India officially for Beijing Olympics, Sonia ditched the PM (Dr Manmohan Singh) and went herself (along with SPG security and all family, chamchas and servants retinue) to Beijing as official face of India (though she had no government position or authority to do so. Imagine the sheer international disrespect to Dr Manmohan Singh and to India, due to this lady's utter selfishness and arrogance. It's taken recent years for India to recover itself from such fiascos and scandals.) This SPG security for Sonia and family was finally revoked only in 2019, and reduced to Z+ security. PMO sources also confirmed that Sonia Gandhi in the past used Range Rovers which were actually procured for the then Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh.
https://www.firstpost.com/india/centre-revokes-spg-cover-for-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-and-priyanka-gandhi-vadra-accords-them-z-security-7622891.html
Indira Gandhi and Sonia also illegally captured the posh official quarters (10 Janpath) of past PM Lal Bahadur Shashtri, after throwing his family into the streets, and made it into their personal residence (even though it is supposed to be PM's official quarters/residence only, not meant for non-governmental people; Sonia and family hold no official critical government positions). Sonia's family and their coterie of cronies own the most-expensive properties in Lutyens, Delhi (that's why they are called Lutyens Mafia). Guess how.
Jawaharlal Nehru put India's security at direct risk by his repeated audacity to blatantly misuse Indian Navy's biggest warships INS Virat (aircraft carrier ship) and INS Delhi (guided-missile destroyer ship), along with their entire accompanying fleet -- such biggest warships don't patrol alone, so it is an incredibly mind-boggling huge expense and critical risk to national security, for these vital protectivr and deterrent military assets to be deviated from their critical duties), for personal vacations with his family at Lakshwadeep, Andaman, Indonesia, etc. He even misused the Indian navy frigate INS Trishul to pay his mid-ocean personal respects to his lover Edwina Mountbatten upon her demise. And we all know about the Bofors scam, coffin scam, bulletproof-vests scam, VVIP chopper scam, etc. -- all are more examples of how the corrupt regime betrayed our hardworking brave soldiers, just for personal gains.
https://www.opindia.com/2019/05/how-jawaharlal-nehru-used-indian-navy-assets-not-just-to-vacation-but-pay-respects-to-edwina-mountbatten-after-she-died/
After Indira's illegal Emergency, when she had thrown her rivals and critics into jail, she changed the ecosystem of news in India. Sycophants and puppets became the norm during every Congress regime. Editors and journalists of most news media in India became accustomed to lavish dinners (with open bar for unlimited expensive imported drinks) and all expenses paid foreign trips, just to lick the boots of Congress and allied politicians with favorable "news" and "articles". (These lavish perks stopped when Modi government took over, which is one important factor why these "journos" spew hate and abuse on him and his crew.).
Mamata Banerjee misused taxpayers funds to commission and deploys hundreds of statues of her all over West Bengal state. She's misused taxpayers funds to enable illegal Rohingya immigrants to get official Indian citizen documents, facilities and jobs, so that they will be her vote bank. Many CMs have done similar golmaal of public funds.
Nehru and family have spent hundreds of millions of taxpayers funds to vainly rename official initiatives and institutions after their own family name (hence the names like IGNOU, JNU, etc).
As per official records, the huge priceless tourist-heavy Jallianwala Bagh park & its land (adjacent to Golden temple in Amritsar), where the unfortunate Jallianwala Bagh massacre by the British (with tacit support from Congress, as evidenced by Congress party led by MK Gandhi sending an appreciation letter to the British after this evil event!) occurred, had been in direct control of Congress president since past so many decades (Congress got control over the huge expensive land, by capitalizing on that unfortunate tragic event.). Why? Shouldn't it have been with Punjab government or with the Golden temple trust? Who have the profits from that heritage land's tourism and other revenues been going to, all these decades? Only in 2019 was a Parliamentary bill passed to finally remove the Congress president from the Jalianwala Bagh trust board. God onky knows how many more such heritage trusts are still under Congress control for exploitation.
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bill-to-remove-cong-chief-as-jallianwala-trustee-passed/story-oxYgEgMNntwJ4OdcGGaUEN.html
The history and extent of such scams and misuse of government properties and taxpayers funds by greedy & corrupt politicians and their puppets/chamchas are endless. (Remember the time when almost every politician had posh government cars with siren lights and cavalcade that blocked traffic across many miles? Why should Indian citizens suffer for the antics of people we voted to serve us as government)?
Nobody dares to question the blatant extravagant waste and misuse of taxpayer funds for such frivolous illegal expenses by these biased journos and corrupt politicians.
But when current security team and PMO of current PM of India (who has significant threats from domestic and international agencies) decide to replace his old armored car (its official lifespan is supposed to be only 6 years, but it is already 8 years old - it was procured during Dr Manmohan Singh regime), then suddenly all these biased journalists and corrupt politicians are crying crocodile tears, pretending to be worried about the cost. Shame on these unpatriotic frauds! Do they actually want PM of India to be unsecured?
Thankfully, the aam junta of today are more aware and wiser, so we cannot be fooled by such dramabaazi.
Note: In case anyone is wondering, I would support Manmohan or any other PM of India to get such best security too. India has too many enemies unfortunately (remember, we've lost 3 PMs to assassinations). Enough of India being the underdogs, let's lead the world forward with our head held high as our wisdom, dignity and righteous actions show the world what India and Indians can help achieve for the betterment of the world.
Credits: u/Random_Reflections | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-14 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwVE5Oa3BCdEpEbkRhWG5TQWRYYUtHa0JoRFdhWFR1Mng5NHd6WlNTOHlrb3BiaG9ET0ktUHR2QjJiRk55S0Q4V1gwYmZxZy1lR3JXT0pyTXZCX2RpSmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZWhkRV9IWGhPWUI4T1o1bU5aXzlZbkR4UDRMRXQ1YkZwT1RXaENpbTBBaGFRNnFvUWdueU5xcFJyTHVTVl9ucE9HYVg5VVdlZXlhTGZmN0FGLUw3TnkxRVFKdFRmVTJxWnIxc283enlLMG9CeTB1UWlfN0d5ZWRELXBlampRZFpFampCeHdkRjQxbTZRdFhId3dKeWtkWUM5WXB1QlpnSjRGMnlkQ2U2SHZWVUsxek5XajhubHhCOTJfdy1FSDNnelV4NV9OMXBDMXdRZ1ZwM2EzakJOQT09 |
#### Britain's Holocaust on Indians
First see this linked photo:
https://np.reddit.com/r/Damnthatsinteresting/comments/x79ff0/a_man_guards_his_family_from_the_cannibals_during/
_The British genocides on the Hindus and other Indians is the greatest Holocaust of human history._
The historical truth is that British (led by East Jndia Company officials, Christian missionaries, and later Churchill etc.) deliberately massacred many many millions of native people in India throughout the brutal exploitative British rule. Even ignoring Partition and civil riots, here are just ballpark numbers of the deaths in the artificial famines caused by the British in India.
The Great Bengal Famine: 1769 - 1770:
10+ Million Deaths
Madras City & Chalisa Famines: 1782 - 1783:
11+ Million Deaths
Doji Bara Famines: 1791 - 1792:
10+ Million Deaths
Agra Famine: 1837 - 1838:
1 Million Deaths
Upper Doab Famine: 1860 -1861:
2 Million Deaths
Orissa Famine: 1866:
1+ Million Deaths
Rajputana Famine: 1868 - 1870:
1.5 Million Deaths
Bihar Famine: 1873 - 1874:
5.5 Million Deaths
Ganjam/Orissa/Bihar Famines: 1888 - 1889:
100,000 + Deaths
Indian Famine: 1896 - 1897:
Millions of Deaths
Indian Famine: 1899:
1+ Million Deaths
Bombay Presidency Famine: 1906 - 1906
100,000+ Deaths
Bengal Famine: 1943-1944
4+ Million Deaths
Churchill was mostly to blame in the last century, but the British had been doing such deliberate evil to Indians for a long time even before Churchill and the world wars:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/29/winston-churchill-policies-contributed-to-1943-bengal-famine-study
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53405121
https://medium.com/@write_12958/the-crimes-of-winston-churchill-c5e3ecb229b3
According to Shashi Tharoor, one-sixth of all the British forces that fought in World War I were Indian – 54,000 Indians actually lost their lives in that war, 65 000 were wounded and another 4000 remained missing or in prison.
#### Britain owes tens of trillions of dollars in repatriations to India for looting and exploiting it for centuries
At the beginning of the 18th Century, India's share of the world economy was 23%, as large as all of Europe put together. By the time the British departed India, it had dropped to less than 4%.
The reason was simple: India was governed for the benefit of Britain. Britain's rise for 200 years was financed by its depredations in India.
By the end of the 19th Century, India was Britain's biggest cash-cow, the world's biggest purchaser of British exports and the source of highly paid employment for British civil servants - all at India's own expense. We literally paid for our own oppression.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33618621
The handloom weavers of Bengal had produced and exported some of the world's most desirable fabrics, especially cheap but fine muslins, some light as "woven air".
Britain's response was to cut off the thumbs of Bengali weavers, break their looms and impose duties and tariffs on Indian cloth, while flooding India and the world with cheaper fabric from the new satanic steam mills of Britain.
Weavers became beggars, manufacturing collapsed; the population of Dhaka, which was once the great centre of muslin production, fell by 90%.
So instead of a great exporter of finished products, India became an importer of British ones, while its share of world exports fell from 27% to 2%.
https://www.indiapost.com/the-great-loot-how-britain-stole-45-trillion-from-india/
Research by renowned economist Utsa Patnaik made public in 2018 deals a crushing blow to this narrative. Drawing on nearly two centuries of detailed data on tax and trade, Patnaik calculated that Britain drained a total of nearly $45 trillion from India at today’s value.
“It’s a staggering sum. For perspective, $45 trillion is 17 times more than the total annual gross domestic product of the United Kingdom today,” Jason Hickel, an academic at the University of London and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, wrote in an article in December 2018.
It happened through the trading system. Prior to the colonial period, Britain bought goods like textiles and rice from Indian producers and paid for them in the normal way – mostly with silver – as they did with any other country. But something changed in 1765, shortly after the East India Company took control of the subcontinent and established a monopoly over Indian trade.
Here’s how it worked. The East India Company began collecting taxes in India, and then cleverly used a portion of those revenues (about a third) to fund the purchase of Indian goods for British use. In other words, instead of paying for Indian goods out of their own pocket, British traders acquired them for free, “buying” from peasants and weavers using money that had just been taken from them.
It was a scam – theft on a grand scale. Yet most Indians were unaware of what was going on because the agent who collected the taxes was not the same as the one who showed up to buy their goods. Had it been the same person, they surely would have smelled a rat.
Some of the stolen goods were consumed in Britain, and the rest were re-exported elsewhere. The re-export system allowed Britain to finance a flow of imports from Europe, including strategic materials like iron, tar and timber, which were essential to Britain’s industrialisation. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution depended in large part on this systematic theft from India.
On top of this, the British were able to sell the stolen goods to other countries for much more than they “bought” them for in the first place, pocketing not only 100 percent of the original value of the goods but also the mark-up.
After the British Raj took over in 1858, colonizers added a special new twist to the tax-and-buy system. As the East India Company’s monopoly broke down, Indian producers were allowed to export their goods directly to other countries. But Britain made sure that the payments for those goods nonetheless ended up in London.
Britain didn’t develop India. Quite the contrary – as Patnaik’s work makes clear – India developed Britain and United States.
“Indian taxpayers had to cough up a 100 million pounds in that time’s money. India supplied 17 million rounds of ammunition, 600,000 rifles and machine guns, 42 million garments were stitched and sent out of India and 1.3 million Indian personnel served in this war,” Tharoor said and added that the cost was even higher during World War II in which around 2.5 million Indians were in uniform.
Of Britain’s total war debt of 3 billion pounds in 1945 money, 1.25 billion was owed to India and never actually paid, Tharoor stated. And as Patnaik’s research found out, it is worth $45 trillion in today’s money. Should Britain, repay, apologize or prepare for reparations? | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-14 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUHZSd1hyTWhRd0t0MFZzRFdOeEtfSWlaV0tlYmJnbjBuUi1ES1dDaVBSLTlid0ZXbFprUmgwWkxIZzQzckQ1eDJsOEJHTzhQVlVuQUxUbzBURmVaeXpoZU9JQ1ZzNUdTQ0xKOF91d2ZsUGM9 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EYjNCOHR4YmFtemZTSHh6dDNfdzg4M3VhcXZwVkgyWjhobGdyTFZrYldiVFp4UlF2LTgyLVB5ZlUtNU1iOEI4aWU3enNEemZJNlhsNTZ2RjUxODItV3VSTzhoVnVJbUg0Q1BZVHNzVU5PWDdXc0JWZnV2MkhtS1JteE9mY2dacklsUl91UzBHTEJSbms5dkQ2VkxfY0F5dGljM1VrMGE4cG1pTUtsTDVISmJScVZNRWZVWlZ1akp1M283Vlo3M0Vw |
Every where you go in Mysore region, you can find his legacy, be it the mighty Krishna Raja Sagar Dam or institutions like State Bank of Mysore or the Bhadravati Steel Factory.
​
https://preview.redd.it/bwy6hq87vxn91.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=2f794c785b9582e7b4744c26eb53229345941843
He was born in Mudenahalli, now located in Chikballapur district on Sept 15,1861 to Srinivasa Sastry and **(Venkachamma) Venkatalakshmamma.** His father was a well known Sanskrit scholar, from whom he learnt to respect the culture and traditions of Bharat. When he came to Bangalore for higher education at the Central College, he had no funds nor a place to stay. Fortunately a well off Kodava family there, hired him as a tutor for their children, which gave him a place to stay, as also earn while studying.
Being disciplined , right from a young age, and coupled with hard work, enabled him to score high marks in B.A.Examination in 1881. With financial assistance from the Mysore Maharaja, he joined at the College of Engg, Pune where he completed his degree in civil engineering, in 1883. He immediately got a job with the Govt of Bombay, as Asst Engineer at Nashik, which began what woud be a rather illustrious career. In his very first job itself, he devised a way to supply water to a small town Sukkur from the Sindhu river. He devised a new system of irrigation called the Block System, using steel doors, and this in turn prevented wastage of water. He would be using some of these irrigation techniques in the construction of the Krishnaraja Sagar Dam too.
Another of Vishwesarayya's lesser known achievements is his supply of drinking water to Aden, one of the major ports in Gulf. Being a desert area, it had no sources of water, and he managed to supply water to the port city, from a rainfed place 60 miles away. He also got the lake near Kolhapur rennovated, after it was extensively damaged. He was stationed in Hyderabad, where his greatest achievement was taming the Musi river. The city was hit by devastating floods in 1908, that destroyed many homes, killed many.
It was Vishwesarayya who came up with a series of embankments, bridges near the Musi that would tame the river's flow, as well as dams on it. He also suggested the layout of parks near the river front. It's another thing that the Musi is no better than a drain canal now. Prior to Hyderabad, he designed and patented a system of automatic weir floodgates at the Khadakvalasa reservoir near Pune in 1903. These gates enabled the raising of the water level in reservoir to the highest without damaging the dam itself.
https://preview.redd.it/sfsufex8vxn91.png?width=602&format=png&auto=webp&s=b75cdcfd0ef854c0fcca96d6c7ca5b7d8bb59d39
Another achievement of Vishwesarayya , was building the breakwaters at Vizag Port. Being a natural harbor, Vizag was prone to erosion, he came up with a kind of breakwater system, that would curtail the waves, and prevent erosion. Well known landmark at my hometown. He joined Mysore State in 1912, that would mark the most glorious phase of his career. He literally built modern Mysore State, laid it's foundation, of course with active backing from the visionary ruler Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, one of the wisest rulers of his times. served for 3 years as Chief Engineer of Mysore State, before he was appointed as the Dewan( equivalent to Chief Minister) to the Maharaja. His greatest achievement would be the Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, a marvel of modern engineering.
​
https://preview.redd.it/mqjn8zqavxn91.png?width=602&format=png&auto=webp&s=398ad45b5d6f67f099ccd1f1ced5e0403fd15321
The Mysore-Mandya region till then was heavily affected by drought, he came up with the idea of using the Kaveri waters for irrigation purposes in that region. And presented his blueprint to the Maharaja who gave the approval and a sum of Rs 81 lakhs for the construction. He adopted many path breaking techniques in construction of KRS Dam. One was using Surki, a local mortar, as cement then was not available in India, and importing it would have been costly.
He also adopted the technique of automatic gates, that would open and close with the rise and fall in water level. Around 48 such gates were installed at the KRS Dam, and finally the dam was inauguarated in 1924. It would be a boon to the farmers of the delta. Krishnarajasagar Dam would be Vishweswarayya's greatest achievement. It turned the drought hit Mysore-Mandya region, into fertile land, supplied electricity and water to the whole region, up to Bangalore. In short he literally turned the region around.
To date many people in Mysore-Mandya region, remember Shri Vishwesarayya fondly, for the change he bought in their lives with the KRS Dam. I believe in some homes there, people worship him, and even place his portrait in the Puja room. He believed in the value of education, he felt only that would pull the nation out of poverty. When he assumed charge was Dewan, there were just 4500 schools in Mysore state. By the time he retired, 6500 more schools were added, and more than 3 lakh benefited.
If Mysore-Bangalore today is an educational hub in India, credit due to Shri Vishwesarayya, who set up a chain of schools, upgraded the Maharani college to a grade level, set up the first hostel for girls there. And more than anything else he founded Mysore University. Till then all colleges were affiliated to Madras University, Vishwesarayya, played a major role in setting up Mysore University, first ever university set up by an Indian princely state. Also arranged for scholarships for higher studies, man was a visionary.
He also felt that education should help one to earn a living. He set up an Agricultural School, to teach latest methods. And also first Engineering College at Bangalore, now named after him, UVCE is one of the more prominent engg colleges in India known for it's standards. He also recognized the value of industries for growth, and set up a whole lot of them in Mysore State. Steel plant at Bhadravati, Mysore Soap Factory among the more well known ones. He also founded the State Bank of Mysore and Mysore Chamber of Commerce.
He was also equally passionate about the arts and literature. He set up the Kannada Parishad for the development of Kannada language, favored the practice of holding seminars in Kannada itself. His contribution to Mysore State was immense. Even after retirement, Vishweswarayya kept on working one way or other for the development of Bharat. Jayanagar in Bangalore was a result of his vision, one of the first planned neighborhoods. As also HAL in Bangalore, that was one of his dreams. It was not just Mysore State, Hirakud Dam was constructed in Odisha on the basis of his report to control the frequent flooding in Mahanadi river. He also regularly advised many city corporations on urban planning. He travelled around the world, bought back new ideas.
He was known for his simplicity and down to earth nature. When the Govt wanted to name a polytechnic institute in Mysore after him, he refused and asked it to be named after the Maharaja. Even in his 90s, he was as fit as any one, hitting the ground, working as hard. He also had to face British high handedness and arrogance, especially when trying to set up Mysore University. They did not want a University in an Indian princely state, but he stood his ground, refused to yield to their bullying, and managed to set it up. An intensely self respecting, proud Indian, MV resigned from his post in the Govt of Bombay, when it was said only a Britisher could be the Chief Engineer there. When Indians were made to sit on the floor in British Durbar, he boycotted it, and forced em to provide chairs. When a British officer wrote a letter, to him saying that he wanted a cushion to rest his feet, because the chair was too high, he got the legs of the chair shortened, and wrote back saying now the chair was quite low. That was the man, not to take insults meekly.
Mokshagundam Vishwesarayya was given the Bharat Ratna in 1955, one of the few times, where it was given to a deserving person. But I would say, that the Bharat Ratna got more value by giving it to a legend like MV. A genius, and one of the most selfless souls ever.
Sources
[Vigyan Prasar on Mokshagundam Visweswarayya](https://web.archive.org/web/20070604111903/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2000/article1.htm)
[https://www.karnataka.com/personalities/visvesvaraya/](https://www.karnataka.com/personalities/visvesvaraya/)
[Article in Deccan Herald by Shakuntala Krishnamurthy](https://web.archive.org/web/20160917090001/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov272006/national0405920061127.asp)
[Economic Times](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-india-celebrates-engineers-day-on-visvesvarayas-birth-anniversary/articleshow/65818789.cms)
[Deccan Herald on Visweswarayya's home](https://www.deccanherald.com/content/95209/for-locals-vivesvarayas-house-place.html)
My article here on Shri Mokshagundam Viswesarayya
[https://sadashree.substack.com/p/mokshagundam-vishwesarayya](https://sadashree.substack.com/p/mokshagundam-vishwesarayya) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-15 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwZG5PaHk3WWVBRWR2SVdPdnl0Zzl2VlVVVlFTWW9CaHJQa0tSekJGbkNiZEp3bk5EM0xPQm5QbmhPclpXOGw3Z1ZHUHpqamgxcks1TzExaFFQcEZxLVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9ENmsxQ3dQM0hGdmtLTTE5Q3dHM0JBWEdQZGpZNEdnaVlnalVoUlFaSVUtclhHOXYwdGVYZ1FTMUdqMndzZlliUDlZT3JxUjBPbmlSMWhUbjlvMVNpeks1azdQSXVHSHdqcWxpRFhRa24xdDRkckpFRG40a0dNeUU5VXAzc25NYVpTZEdycVkydFpqXzhkOHh5dXhwc2dHRktxUnUwZmlHNk42aXI1Q01JZUU4d2QxV092eVlEcVBuNklFZEpEUHJPMEd5c0pZcWR5eHNXMjZ1d3c0RjJOQT09 |
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**“The vultures have resigned, I don’t know what to do”**
**Sept 17, Hyderabad**– The bespectacled and unassuming lawyer received the invite for a meeting at 4PM, and he broke out in a wry smile. He could afford to do so, the man who had called him for the meeting, was no ordinary person. Time magazine in it’s February 1937 edition, had put him on the cover page and called him the world’s richest man, a man who used the 100 million $ worth Jacob’s Diamond as a paper weight, and whose personal fortune ran into billions. Along with Baroda, Mysore, Gwalior, Jammu and Kashmir, he was one of those princely rulers, who had the privilege of receiving a 21 gun Salute. **His Exalted Highness Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi GSCI, GBE Asaf Jah VII** as he was officially called, presided over a kingdom that was around 215,339 sqkm in area, the largest of all the princely states in India. The State of Hyderabad stretched from Aurangabad in the North West to Mahbubnagar in the South East, from Adilabad in the North East to Raichur in the South West. It covered the present day Marathwada in Maharashtra, Northern Karnataka, and the Telangana region. It had a population of 16.34 million as per the 1941 census, the majority of whom were Hindu, around 85%, with Muslims making up 12% and the rest being Christians, Sikhs, Parsis. Though predominantly Telugu speaking around 48%, it had significant population of Marathi(26.4%), Kannada(12.3%) and Urdu(10.3%) speakers.
The bespectacled, unassuming lawyer on the other hand hailed from a relatively humble family, in Broach, Gujarat, and was educated in Baroda, known to be excellent at academics too. **Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi**, aka **K.M.Munshi,** was a student of Aurobindo Ghosh, at Baroda, later made a name for himself as a successful lawyer, in Bombay, and was also a well known writer too. Starting off as a revolutionary, he later took active part in the **Bardoli Satyagraha** along with Sardar Patel, and one of his more well known achievement was founding of the **Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan** in 1938. A great admirer of Sardar Patel, after independence he was appointed as Agent General to Hyderabad State, to negotiate it’s accession to the Indian Union. There was a good reason why Sardar had choosen Munshi for the responsibility, he had earlier been the Home Minister in Bombay from 1937-39, and handled the communally charged situation there well. Munshi had been living in virtual house arrest, was treated with disdain and suspicion by the Nizam’s Government and was living in some buildings that belonged to the Indian Army. It was a vindication of sorts, for Munshi, that the Nizam who till then had ignored him, was now seeking to have an audience with him. The day before, the Nizam had demanded the resignation of his Prime Minister, Laik Ali and his entire cabinet. And when Munshi met him, the world’s richest and till then one of the most powerful men, declared with an air of resignation and helplessness-
>*“In November last \[1947\], a small group which had organized a quasi-military organization surrounded the homes of my Prime Minister, the Nawab of Chhatari, in whose wisdom I had complete confidence, and of Sir Walter Monkton, my constitutional Adviser, by duress compelled the Nawab and other trusted ministers to resign and forced the Laik Ali Ministry on me. This group headed by Kasim Razvi had no stake in the country or any record of service behind it. By methods reminiscent of Hitlerite Germany it took possession of the State, spread terror … and rendered me completely helpless.”–The Nizam in his radio speech, Sept 23,1948.*
To get a more detailed perspective on Operation Polo do check out my article here.
[https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/operation-polo/](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/operation-polo/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-17 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwRXlJbFZreW1scTlyMGZsSTIxOUNSLVlGdC12blJwOUJJS2lkNW5KM2lzdkdmU2lZSmlzcXdrRzlEQzZzQ2lnU3RrbndOWGI0TFo5YXp2M1l3TGtfbVE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZjQwOUxtWUY0cVBPWGlBc0xLMzcyN21MQUdjcTBObXB6LWhGcjg0TWdvM29LYzdpRE8wLUNmUEJsbTRVQ3l6a3MwcmNmSFFWUGxicmlHTXNhSll6THZ6SmlqTl83ZWhJX1ZFY1paVG1sZkE2X29MSndDdlFFV29zd1RIdGxSRk0yMmRiY0JEVnkzaHhTMUFVamxfSWtKakJBQkh3YVZiMlJpbWNKMjNZQWpjd195dGNVWFBZd3NaTWxwd1dESGRobHdsMEFUcXY0Snp3T21sa2ZTc2xpZz09 |
Hailing from Amritsar, the sixth born of the city’s Civil Surgeon, two of his brothers were doctors, while two other were barristers. Coming from a well to do and influential family, Dhingra, could have settled into a life of luxury and comfort.
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Yet he was restless, driven by the call for Swadeshi, right from his student days at the Government College, Lahore in 1904. He led the student protest there against having to forcibly wear a blazer made of imported cloth, which led to his expulsion in turn. Having extensively studied about poverty and famines in India, he felt that only Swaraj( Self Government) was the solution. For some time, he worked as a clerk at a Tanga service in Kalka, Shimla, where his attempts to organize an union came to nought. It was then on the advice of his brother, he went to London, for studying the Diploma Course in Civil Engineering at University College between 1906-09. A very illustrious institution of learning where Dadabhai Naoroji was Professor of Gujarati and Ravindranath Tagore studied English Literature.
Like most other Indian students in England, he was a regular to the India House founded by Shyamji Krishna Verma. His initial days, were spent in frolic and fun, and his good looks ensured, he was in the company of women mostly. The turning point came, at a meeting in India House that was addressed by Savarkar. Apparently Dhingra along with his friends, was making a noise in the adjacent room, that forced Savarkar to intervene.
“What is the matter? You only talk of action and bravery, avoid coming to our weekly meetings. Is this your bravery”
The rebuke by Savarkar had it’s desired effect, and for quite some time Dhingra was not seen around India House. Too ashamed to show his face, and fearful of facing Savarkar’s wrath, he kept away. Until one day, summoning all the courage, he came face to face with Savarkar again at India House. Savarkar however had moved on from the past incident, and spoke normally with Dhingra. A much assured Dhingra asked him “Has the time for martyrdom come?”. To which Savarkar replied
“If a martyr has made up his mind and is ready, it is generally understood that the time for martyrdom has come.”
Having made up his mind, Dhingra now joined the National Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The Association was primarily a gathering of moderate Indian nationalists, who denounced extremism and believed in peaceful negotiation with the British. Dhingra acted as a double agent of sorts, publicly denouncing Savarkar in front of the British, to win their favor. He soon won the trust of Ms.Emma Josephine Beck, the secretary of the Association, and got to know the timings of visits of important officials. He had a fake “falling out” with Savarkar to convince the British officials, and also left India House. Staying for some time at Ledbury Road, in 1909, he began to plot the assassination of one of the most important British officials, Lord Curzon Wylie.
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Dhingra had earlier attempted to assassinate Lord Curzon, the British viceroy universally hated for his Partition of Bengal. However Curzon escaped twice, thanks to late arrival at the venue. His plans to assassinate the ex Governor of Bengal, Bramfield Fuller also came to nought, when the latter turned up late for the meeting. It was then that Dhingra decided to target Curzon Wylie, and not just because of the name. Wylie was one of the top ranking officers in the British Government. Serving the British Army in 1866, Wylie had entered the Political Department in 1879. He had earned a distinction for his role in the 1879 Afghan War, and later in Avadh, Nepal and above all in Rajputana. He was appointed the Political Aide-De-Camp to the Secretary of State for India, but more than anything, he was regarded as the “eyes and ears of the government”.
Wylie headed, the Secret Police, a fact not known to any one, except those in the upper echelons of the British Government. He in turn, was keeping an eye on Savarkar and other revolutionaries at the Indian House. He even appointed an informer, Kirtikar at the Indian House, to get information. Kirtikar was however found out by Savarkar, and gave him all the information about the police operations under force. On the home front, things were not going too well. Savarkar’s elder brother Babarao, was arrested and sentenced for life to the dreaded Cellular Jail in Andamans. His home was confiscated, and Babarao’s wife Yesu died a destitute, homeless on the streets.
The other factor was Savarkar being denied access to the Bar, after he completed his studies in 1906. Savarkar was charged of encouraging sedition by circulating pamphlets, advocating armed revolution and assassination. Given time till May 22, the trial was conducted on May 26, 1909, in camera. New charges were pressed, the letters by Savarkar were examined, and he was disallowed. The deportation of Babarao to Cellular Jail, and Savarkar’s trial, enraged the revolutionaries further, the situation was even more volatile now.
Dhingra knew Wylie personally, having met him earlier on April 13, 1909 based on a recommendation from his brother Kundan Lal. Dhingra apparently wanted to discuss the letter, but in reality his aim was to get closer to Wylie, win his confidence. The moment came when a meeting of the Association was to be organized on July 1, 1909 that would be attended by a large number of Indians and Englishmen, in honor of Lady Lyall, the wife of Sir Alfred Lyall. Dhingra met Savarkar on June 29,1909 at Bipin Chandra Pal’s home in London, discussed the plans of the assassination with him. Savarkar asked Niranjan Pal to type out the statement, Dhingra would make after the assassination, and then gave him a Belgian make Browning pistol. “Do not show me your face again if you fail this time” said Savarkar to an emotionally overwhelmed Dhingra, as he took his leave.
Accompanied by another revolutionary Koregaonkar, he had an early lunch and tea, left at 2 PM, cradling the revolver in his hands. He also bought a brand new dagger in a leather casket, placing it in his pocket. It was evening 7 PM, when the function started, Dhingra was dressed in a lounge suit and blue Punjab turban. He placed a Colt revolver in the right pocket of his coat, and the Browning gifted by Savarkar in another. He took a cab, arrived at the Institute, where Koregaonkar came also, with his pistol. When the time came for Wylie to leave, Dhingra approached him on the pretext of talking something. Just at the landing, coming closer to Wylie, Dhingra pulled out his Colt and fired two bullets point blank. As Wylie reeled, Dhingra fired two more bullets, a Parsi doctor, Cawas Lalkaka, who tried to save Wylie was also shot.
However Dhingra’s plan to commit suicide however failed , as he was overpowered by the security guards around. He managed to even bring down one of the guards, but was ultimately subdued, and arrested. He was taken to the Walton Street Police Station, where the Police Officer asked him if any of his friends knew about this. To which Dhingra calmly replied “There is no need, they will know about my arrest tomorrow in the newspapers”. It was a smart strategy, which ensured none of his friends would be implicated.
Post the assassination of Wylie, Dhingra, was vilified, repeatedly in the British media. An ex army officer at Broadhurst Gardens, Capt Charles Rollerton, even made allegations that Dhingra assassinated Wylie under the influence of “Bhang”. The psychiatrists who examined him, his land lady however testified that Dhingra seemed absolutely normal, and gave no indication of the act he would commit. During the interrogation, Dhingra expressed deep regret for the shooting of Dr.Lalkaka, saying he had no reason to shoot him, and it happened as he came in between.
Dhingra was produced before Mr.Horace Smith, the Magistrate of Westminister Police Court, and he told him clearly
” I do not plead for mercy: nor do I recognize your authority over me…”
On being sent to the Sessions Court, Dhingra asked in a trial, in which Indians were not allowed\*.\*
>*I do not want to say anything in defence of myself, but simply to prove the justice of my deed. As for myself, no English law court has got any authority to arrest and detain me in prison, or pass sentence of death on me. That is the reason I did not have any counsel to defend me.*
*And I maintain that if it is patriotic in an Englishman to fight against the Germans if they were to occupy this country, it is much more justifiable and patriotic in my case to fight against the English. I hold the English people responsible for the murder of eighty millions of Indian people in the last fifty years, and they are also responsible for taking away ₤100,000,000 every year from India to this country.*
*Just as the Germans have no right to occupy this country, so the English people have no right to occupy India, and it is perfectly justifiable on our part to kill the Englishman who is polluting our sacred land. I am surprised at the terrible hypocrisy, the farce, and the mockery of the English people. They pose as the champions of oppressed humanity—the peoples of the Congo and the people of Russia—when there is terrible oppression and horrible atrocities committed in India; for example, the killing of two millions of people every year and the outraging of our women.*
*I have told you over and over again that I do not acknowledge the authority of the Court, You can do whatever you like. I do not mind at all. You can pass sentence of death on me. I do not care. You white people are all-powerful now, but, remember, it shall have our turn in the time to come, when we can do what we like.*
Though Dhingra willed that all his belongings, clothes, books be sold and the money, be given to the National Fund, it was no followed by the London Police. The police said that since Dhingra made no official will, his belongings were the property of the British Government, and they confiscated everything. Sadly Dhingra was disowned by his own family itself. His brother Bhajan Lal, who was in London, condemned him publicly in a meeting. His father publicly apologized and disowned his son. All his family members dropped Dhingra from their surname and adopted Lal, to avoid trouble with the British. The only person who actually stood by Madan Lal Dhingra was Savarkar, who visited him in prison. He was emotionally overwhelmed, when Savarkar told him “I have come here to seek your darshan”. For some one disowned by his family, it meant a lot that somebody out there still cared for him.
The Indian Association held a public meeting on July 5, 1909 to condemn Dhingra’s assassination of Wylie. The meeting was chaired by Aga Khan, and as he was prepared to pass the resolution, one hand raised in protest. It was Savarkar who said “No, not unanimously. There are opponents of the motion as well. Take down my name, Savarkar. I oppose the motion.”
The meeting went into a commotion, after Savarkar’s lone defiance. One of the members Bhavanagiri, tried assaulting Savarkar but was restrained by Aga Khan. A European member named Palmer, hit Savarkar with a stick, causing him to bleed in the eye. A defiant Savarkar refused to back down, sticking to his stand. Surendranath Banerjee was outraged at the assault ” Savarkar had a right to have his say. It was outrageous to attack him” and left the meeting in anger. The police had to rush in and prevent the situation from going out of control. That very night Savarkar wrote a letter to the Times, saying that since the matter of Dhingra was “subjudice”, no one had the right to discuss the case in public and using terms like criminal. It amounted to contempt of the court, the letter was published in the Times on July 6,1909.
Predictably most Indian leaders like Gokhale, NC Kelkar, condemned Dhingra’s act. Some like Hyndman, said that though Dhingra’s act was not acceptable, the allegations he raised against the British Govt, could not be swept away. The Media now turned their focus on Savarkar, claiming him to be the mastermind of the entire act. His relatives and colleagues in India were persecuted by the Govt, students going to London for studies had to produce certificates from the Local Government.
Dhingra meanwhile had some other admirers like W.T.Stead, editor of Reviews, an admirer of Savarkar, and believed in India’s freedom. Stead himself was arrested and put in prison for three months. In a letter to the Observer, Stead contended that Dhingra had committed the murder in a fit of insanity and hence should be given life imprisonment only. In the meanwhile VVS Aiyar,Nitisen Dwarakadas and JS Master, editor of the Gujarati daily Parsee, met the Secretary of India and requested that Dhingra’s dead body be given, so that they could perform the last rites. Savarkar wanted that Dhingra’s ashes, be sent to various parts of India. On the other hand, members of the Secretary’s Morley Council favored life imprisonment, as they felt execution would rather make him a martyr and ignite the volatile atmosphere even more.
King Edward VII was so infuriated with Dhingra’s act, that in a letter to Morley, he proposed that all Indian students should be barred from studying in England. Morley on the other hand was adamant that Dhingra be executed as it would set an example to potential assassins. This was what Wilfrid Blunt, the British poet had to say
>*No Christian martyr ever faced his judges more fearlessly or with greater dignity…if India could produce five hundred men, as resolutely without fear, she would achieve her freedom. It was recorded in medical evidence at the trial, that, when arrested, Dhingra’s pulse beat no quicker than normal, nor from first to last, has he shown any sign of weakening.*
The Irish supported Dhingra with leaflets titled “Ireland Honors Dhingra” pasted all across the country.
**August 17, 1909, Pentonville Prison.**
Finally the date had come, many of Dhingra’s friends made a request to meet him for one last time. JS Master, made a request to the Under Sheriff of London and Home Office, stating he was Dhingra’s close friend and needed to meet him. However the request was turned down at both places. Dhingra however remained calm and composed, slept well on his last night, and after performing his chores, was ready for the hanging. As the clock struck nine, Dhingra walked to the gallows. Many of his friends and some from the media were waiting outside, all of them in a state of mourning.
When a Christian preacher Hudson, walked up to him, for the last prayer, Dhingra turned him down, saying he was born as a Hindu and would die as one. Metcalfe, the Dy. Under Sheriff of London, read out the death warrant to Dhingra, asked him the usual questions. Dhingra just ignored, walked calmly to the noose, to Officer Pierpoint who was waiting for him there. The noose was put around his neck, and the levers pulled, the life of a brave revolutionary was snuffed out.
JS Master who attended Dhingra’s post mortem, requested that he be taken the body for funeral rites. Dhingra wanted to be cremated as per Hindu custom, but Master’s request was turned down. And Dhingra’s body was buried in Pentonville Prison itself in a coffin.
On being asked if Dhingra would be considered a martyr, Master replied
“Certainly. He has laid down his life for his country’s good. Whether his idea of this ‘good’ was right or wrong is a matter of opinion”.
>*“The nonchalance displayed by the assassin was of a character, which is happily unusual in such trials in this country. He asked no questions. He maintained a defiance of studied indifference. He walked smiling from the Dock.”*
As desired by Gyan Chand Verma, Dhingra’s last statement was published on a postcard by Sardar Singh Rana in Paris, along with his photograph. The statement was underlined by Vande Mataram, below which it was written “To the sacred and inspiring memory of patriot Madan Lal Dhingra, who died for his country”. The copies of this statement were sent by Rana to Savarkar in London, who in turn sent a large number of them to India.
Mahatma Gandhi however condemned Dhingra’s action, calling him and other revolutionaries as “anarchists” saying “Is killing honourable? Is the dagger of an assassin a fit precursor of an honourable death?”.
>*Dhingra, the immortal, has behaved at each stage of the trial like a hero of ancient times. England thinks she has killed Dhingra; in reality he lives for ever and has given the death-blow to English Sovereignty in India .- Lala Hardayal in Vande Mataram in 1909.*
Finally on December 12, 1976 in the presence of Natwar Singh, then High Commissioner of India, Dhingra’s coffin was exhumed, and his mortal remains bought back to India.
Sources
Life and Times of Madan Lal Dhingra by Vishav Bandhu-[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U7wwBQAAQBAJ&redir\_esc=y](https://books.google.co.in/books?id=U7wwBQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y)
Trial of Madan Lal Dhingra-[https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t19090719-55&div=t19090719-55&terms=Dhingra#highlight](https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t19090719-55&div=t19090719-55&terms=Dhingra#highlight)
Case of Madan Lal Dhingra-[http://www.blackkalendar.nl/content.php?key=26527&name=Madar%20Lal%20Dhingra](http://www.blackkalendar.nl/content.php?key=26527&name=Madar%20Lal%20Dhingra)
My article on him here
[https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/veer-savarkar-assassination-of-wylie-by-madanlal-dhingra/](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/veer-savarkar-assassination-of-wylie-by-madanlal-dhingra/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lakwwd3h2UWVkRTliWDZFMTRsaWFXZnVJNVptVm5UMl9kR3JTcEZCb0xyVjFzbFc2clJzcGk5R2FQSmhsWW5qUXVaa1BveVo4VmFLTlRjYllkcGxiT0JwMXc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQTMxY2Y3NnhidlRyV19wdWdiVmhpOWI1a0tlNDZabmNrR01Zd2w0RkI1bzdDMGUxcUVfZEIzS0JuZ1dQWnpvLTNCRzVCMTd5OHlPbGwtcTNjZGRlcmlHdlBnVDhHNVc4U19KTFZKOWxlYjBCOUJPd1ZidHJPVkxITV9YMUVJVWkxZGF2Q3BXa0tHVG01UnZ6SXBnQ1JObXBVeTBCN21aclJlalgyYmlYbWoxNkFnczg2R1dCZ09rSjlCZVZKblpRRHdiWEoyZWVzMmlMdEE2ZGJRX1RvQT09 |
There could be something like a flamingo-effect involved aka mass psychology. You never know how willing the veterans are to fight when they have the impression that they might lose the battle. But if they are embedded in a larger unit and the bulk is moving towards the enemy lines, then it becomes less likely that an individual soldier will start running. Alone the effect of a synchronized move by a mass increases the overall discipline.
Or take the perspective of soldiers being part of the main battle units. If they see many soldiers behind you, then it is already physically difficult for them to run in the other direction. On the other hand, if there were only the capable and willing fighting forces present, then they might run away as well. You need a very special culture (or a very capable leader or reason to fight) to enure that a small fighting force won't run away even in seemingly unwinnable situations. The classic example is the Spartans at Thermopylae. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwZHJhMVBhaUJrcnc5akRIakJLSlh6b3B0V2RfSTF4LUYyOWgxZEVXTENFbVNMQ0pZTnJTd2hKRUN6YzdGaGltOVRNeTBRQjVLc2xqWURUay12aWpodlE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9Ednd0MF9hMW5Dcm1adGN1MzJfRE1jYVM5U0pyNXdBbktaem9lYTA2Zk5YRVhaRG5SLTFUQ25GcXlqN3VDd3QwUTVTbUNyenQtNW5CUDF3cFJseF9yM2IwQmJndE4ydFRpd3JZWjFmYnBNaGFUbC05dzFsLXloc2xFdXpQS1RudUE5OG5raDhKMktWLUFObXlOcVI1R2dnZnllMVd3Uk50WEVPa21OSjJidlpzaFFVZjZiQXhFQ3JCbm82aWFlOFd6WEh0Ym81SmkwR1FXdUlIZ2ZZa3ZwZz09 |
Watch movies with an emphasis on historic accurate depictions of battle tactics and analyze them.
Gladiator has a very neat scene at the beginning, when \*spoiler alert\* Maximus goes against a horde of Germanic tribesmen. Or take Das Boot about a German WW2 submarine, where the movie was based on the book written by a WW2 submarine veteran. It can't get more realistic. I haven't seen it yet, but Tom Hanks movie about the Battle of the Atlantic is also said to be fairly realistic. So, you get both sides in one.
The battle scenes in war movies are often relatively short and make up 5-10% of the entire movie. You can cut them out and see what how and why things are done/depicted the way they are. In extension, don't forget the other scenes besides the battlefield. Psychology and motivation are most important for how successful different tactics are.
A counter example for a really lousy/unrealistic movie would Red Tails by George Lucas, because the planes do maneuvers in the movie that are physically impossible in reality. Or Fury with Brad Pitt, where most of the movie is well done, but in the decisive confrontation, they used an element that was not possible back then.
Your goal would be to learn how and where to detect in war movies (perhaps also martial arts movies) the realistic parts and where they cheated for the sake of the story telling - this before reading or listening to [expert opinions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kcRTNBgqGc) about how realistic a specific war movie was. Perhaps, you could even start your own channel or blog on that topic. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwUHYwNlp6Q3Q1cHpBeFh4aDI2a1lRQWFUNzBwTGJ3RWpwUlp0RERBTWN3bmJnMlQwcW1JZkN4UUlsUENMU0R6UXZxbkYtYnZsVjRZNldrNjdBbUYxTFE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EU0ZVQzNNMUpCaHNWcmR1UC1SaS1tNVJwWXV1T1JGN1pXM1QtUU5wRGYxeWhhN0psX3RNd0t6andLMkxxTWxhTmE2RVJ6ZnFocldNUk9FcndRVXVIWjNHNFJaS3BxT2dRWHlQem9lOHBxLUl5Q0VsVnFfcjB3MGRpZGdCN1BFajk5dHpBeTJFTHJCbXE0UVpNaWw3SUJwZHpaZmJkVl9YYmpCY01YR3NYQUFKTVg3VlFQTjlXU3JnRWx6N0d0eWZ3bVRqdzFrOVU3QWFjNFhYblFZY3dWQT09 |
Well, the last days of Troy were quite ingenious. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwZVV3SG5VbWRWVHlwSWR2VXhUTWhfS28ya2ZhY3dKUFA3OGVETXd2Um5hRGgxbTBCNUxvNzBzSjJRbm1yU1dTc1RHbEFod0NhMDY2c25nd1pIYTlybkE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZHc3WXc5NDJnRTFSYi1RSE5fdmNjOVJKdUtzMmt4bXM0QW9qSmkyUG5Tc3pHendXZkZoVi1SUUliWGNCUVphdm1XemxicDJBNmNkalg4cEhKQW1uM01vZEkxMG4zV0JqLTZmU3RrVGJ5aEh3d0VoeHM1eFNPb01LTTJyVG1MZFJ1X1hTM3lYSzJ2dGF4QVdOMGlNRm9fZGlKSHhEd3R4aXBtZnRuYnY5c2RiVE1sWkd2UkEtZGZJQUY4ck9TNF90akkwUFlnUnlfY2RjMzluVjMwMHZMcHVYN1JZb0FTRkNLemZyVFpEaXg5az0= |
Is it even worth taking to the field with an army where not just the levies want to run even the veterans want to run? That sounds like a recipe for defeat before the battle has even begun. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV1dNUmlxRWNwbm84em1lUl9zWWRwNDk2cW1wT1lXaWwycVFGYjlCUDF0LUlaQlVuS01CdlpUN2dxMk5HbHhHU252dzdJdDdLZi1Dck5yUUw2dnExMXc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EbHRuN2VTeFBvbWxUaEhHMzJFRjcyTEp0YjRkb2h4T2cwUzNRR1lNdVdiWU5BV1RqU1A0TEJtN0FUZm43Xzl2RlZPbGJlXzByaWViT3gyQkRyblRDc1RISHlCU2NjWHpQX2Rwekx0eGRWSVl6TWlTREdIR3FtOGtDc29iZllQUmd3T2N6anE4UlkzeXg0NmhpOVhtT1pYelpFZnRZeE1aV2xJaWRxQ3dDSVJFYkZIMmZhakFJNXBlbUYxamZlQjVtb0dwTEFVU3NXMUZNTVlaYzZpdFVrUT09 |
I don't know. It's hard to imagine a world, in which injury oftentimes meant certain death, while the difference in technology and tactics was relatively small and therefore depending on much bad/luck on either side. But even when you look at conflicts today, there is always just a small group that enters the battlefield without hesitation. All others follow, because they have to or feel the obligation to do so.
Just think of this hesitation on both sides. Nobody in the 5th row onward can be really sure, what would happen to them as a consequence for remaining or fleeing. Even if they win and their leader survives, would he even know that they ran? Or was it just a "tactical retreat that brought the decisive turnaround"?
At the end of the day, even today in professional armies with no strict warrior culture, opportunism is very prevalent. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwaXFtc2pTbXVGMTBQb1psWW0tTk1iSVpPS01NTXZTVV9CdmFOQXlyZ0JUNWZqXzJQVzdYel92UWlLckxfVGtHOWRsclNPbHB5MXFUdkRJb0YzaU1aTUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9Eb0dMNktkWEFyNFVXeF9WVTJONXZNVENfa0pwWjZhZXhuOWpyUU1TdllxWHZyWGw4ZnEtamdGX01vc00xWnVzaEZVY2cyVVJEbXp5WV8telF1dkVpRmh4S3poMTduSnQ2RTJETTlRbUZOSnJIWXdLdlpiMVhrWElZUHZicnlfaFN4V0dsd3VRNzB3WkV2VjJEU1RQWlBjWUllNVZlbFhUa21pYXFKQTQ5a3VUQU5GTG9WeUh2cGEzNVVSM2VzbkNhQzBSeDJKcmtYWUZ6alpycERURk5wZz09 |
It makes sense then why so many leaders went with religious zealotry to try and motivate their forces. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwNktnY2ctYW9hVjVsZUVoV21razJTdFFnQ09VT0VfankxMnBlYjd4ZTdITkZsV1JIX2J3LU8tM2ZucEZYVko4ZVl1bFJpV0g5YUJybXJWc0dhalJjb3c9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EcHR6NDJlQzNlUlh3YndFNjg3dV9aWVN4VUtuWVA5R2JXUFhnYnZ3WnI3Zld6bnlObms4a0hia2ZXdENBekhHbWNHVDcwLW1STHJBQUo4ODFFSllTUHlZcFI0bnhzbE1nUlNkNjhDSWtubVdoc3lhSHFTWWc5c0gxSGZRWVFHRFdHVjJmVmxBMEp4SUlvZzRuVlpIX1g1Skx6MlVNRVdial95R19WT1pZcHlNbkNXeVNDWnB4RkxYc1I1TWM4S0VrTEZoNVNOejV5R2FCU3NteFo2R0dNdz09 |
I think so, too, but I see mainly evolutionary processes at work: Groups with religious zealotry had higher chances of winning and therefore could procreate more than moderates, which imprinted that tendency in the human genome.
Another concept would be initiation and masculinity rituals with different milestones. At one point, it is part of your mentality to accept the inevitable, if necessary.
The problem with the latter is the limits to familiarity. There are several genetic limits to trust. One is the family with a dozen people, next comes the clan at \~150 members and then comes the limit to anonymity at \~5000 people.
Depending on the size of your army, you have to use different motivation methods. Above 5000 soldiers, only the the fanatic cult works and if you don't have that, you have to work with other individual and mass psychological tricks.
Also look at military unit sizes. They are all resembling these thresholds. I guess you could even make the argument that armies adapting to them have always been stronger than others putting the wrong emphasis on unit size.
Now you can ask yourself what happens or what you have to do for success in war without social cohesion, without religion and with gender stuff and the outlawing of manhood rituals. | r/militarystrategy | comment | r/MilitaryStrategy | 2022-09-18 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwV0l1dlpnQi1XdjREaldzYTBDRDRmSUhNeXl3VkhiSnpWRDZOdUhPaUhjSmtnTVhnaTM2cXY3RkcyQ0pOcDcxOTBlVzd4WW12aFhTekNSeHFVQUg4cFE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EYVk3aHlNUWhFYlVmb2JKT1hFWGtfdDdWcjk1VDhnaHNWZW1ra0R5U3JnNUV0UjZmRVU3QTc4X3NTamRQM0FNbnlyc09lbDVsaldtOHJFOHV4UkdScll2alhtY1dDSFNiVWdOWHU2dzdCTkFuRnZTaFZvbzVDeFExTUJpS3p6S2hRQV9rQkU0NTlzblIxcDB4ekpIaUZ3RlRpeTFUNHZEWG10N3U0dWwxQ3VGcFhkdkptWEh5ZmlWc1ZWYVdfelN0ZlBRbTNqSUo0RTJQTnBNaWRCVTRGQT09 |
Sorry they're sending Haitians back do your research. They are only letting the white/ light skinned immigrants in. Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras. How's it feel though to be invaded? Karma's a trip. And it's your politicians that are doing this to you. | r/illegalimmigration | comment | r/IllegalImmigration | 2022-09-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwWkFoRXF6UjgwckJYYjN1SVVDcEFLQnBGZHMzeWdjeE5kMzluVU1wcllseEJJeU5id2twd0hkamtoZC1wNG1vRmNsN0xnR2Z5Z3d6c3pfNjdkWXAxeHc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQnpKb05ndElpVGdFbXo0eDgyZzB4Tm1feGFBenhYYmJ3OHJxTGg4bVJNM1BjMWZYa1pTTnAtMlFhcW9mVnBUVGJ6c3dIaXlEdVBXYWJJTHd0c1V3Z3NvcXdxV3dZZDBoTnJJTXN1bHhqNUdkYUpTMjRNckFRUnpOZlF4UlQ4R0p6ald5bkg4YTJiUWFIaXdGdnItUm5CUzFvSU5sY0ZNY3I5cWY4dXA0QzZNdm1tU21nb2RCLVk0S0NiRy1Ud2M0azQ4a3JDUHNoSE9JWndIMVp6eVcwRDFzY3hyaENsMEswbGs1bGlhaElRND0= |
Funny this is the America I've always been used to. Transatlantic slave movement. The Native Americans. Ring a bell? So you want to leave America to be a pirate elsewhere? White supremacy created this problem now deal with it! Tough pill to swallow right?🤣🤣🤣🤣 | r/illegalimmigration | comment | r/IllegalImmigration | 2022-09-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwweFZkemRSUm02WmVCbXI5NU0xdmhRUExEbUxIbmo1a3JVS3R2RFBlczJZRmZzU0prNnE3RTZDbmg2T0RHOU8wVk9LM0ExTlJtb2o4WHpmc3hMLS1fakE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EYXVEVGxja1pUWWtZV1hzbWpqZVNPOGpTVVloaG1sUDJTLWJ6UkJUUjNmOWJzY1hvYnAwV3E1cEFhMUtJbmxMZDVxeDl4OXgtNUhJNzlfd3dYMzlZdm5JM2pJT1BZem5yOGdvMnNpb3p3MWlwN005Nk1JNFIwX211eGV2OHJqR0JPRHpvaVc0WUZ0S25ybXJubVBUOXlBMFhwRndRUkVEOEpCOUFIZjF5WFplSkxfNVJEc3pVT0RDbTZFOHUtZENhaHFSVDlGai13Q0hHLWdRMDN2ZU1UVW5wNkl5LU5PQjVwVkFWeW9oVVRGaz0= |
Funny how no one is talking about the invasion on Native Americans or the slaves that were brought here involuntarily. Cant blame this on no one but your government. | r/illegalimmigration | comment | r/IllegalImmigration | 2022-09-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwM2NGZXhuU2JlajU0bThwVm9Ta0lEUkxGRy0xVDFSNmhCRGQyM0VZeDlBSDRVLWJyTVBUSF90UFpMZmNBYXAzUnlrOEwycklncVFzVzNRTTRiUE1wdmc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZ0N3UUxabUhkZXA3Vmw4VzhxcmJzU2F3akc0VWpsM0JydGxxS1VVYmFIdlgtM3hOTlBYc3VscDMtbGpTblJZT1luMnQ0R3Y4VWdCRmZ1dUxXT2VuR3hjbVkyRV9iTkh3TTl3WDRHVnZtWGZ1T1UxQjkzWlg3U201ZWlUVVBab3FoZzlIOVpwbEpzNUZXejlNNUIxM29OeWpsY2VqMzBrX1E1RVBmS0xzWk9kQ3lTeWYxUGNwVjVEVTJrRm9mMWFKbXhyUU9tRTRVVkRjWnd1T2l5ZGVPQT09 |
Sounds like they're fighting fire with fire, al shabaab regularly beheads people.
>Al-Shabab has increasingly burned houses, destroyed wells, and beheaded civilians in the Hiran region, residents say; that, combined with its demands for taxes amidst the worst drought in 40 years, has pushed more residents to take up arms.
>"Al-Shabab is not strong, it just burns people, beheads people and put their heads in the streets just to terrorize," said Ahmed Abdulle, a Hiran elder.
>"Now, we are doing the same: we have ordered the beheading of al-Shabab fighters," he told Reuters.
Reap what you sow. | r/somaliconflict | comment | r/SomaliConflict | 2022-09-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwVXRESDJCU0tvTWtWWXk3TUxnTXJmVzlRUVU4SXhYSFJraUoyMVgwaHVJbWxsMkJZZEFzdjQzRVV0RnVhZ3BUSkhTbW4zTGRWUWxOOW1mdUJ6eU54Q3c9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EM3NwNk53cXM2ek1Sc04zcHUyU2VKMXNycFluRnpUV1hxUEJsX1pMN01PamZhYkEzcFhLRVdlOHJGakNEbWxqVkdWQ2plbGJZMV96am5xNWh0LVpHUFN2elp5THV1dzlSeFAzbXQzLW8xbmJlVnpVdkxSNEtGR2xnWWZrN01VLWNwT1VwLXpvc1dQaWFGdDdiT0oyTXpQeFFsRnFkdS1qUHNJTDB4YkJuS21WUGJreURidDh2UWlQa0Y1WUhlRHYxUmpsNFp3cnEwMjFIbW5Ya1dUY0wwVzhNVGZOak9aVVU1MHZ2Nk9SWDdSVT0= |
Ziauddin Barani, a scholar at the Tughlaq court, established the lsIamic Caste System in India in the 14th century itself.
A dirty little secret that the Religion of Equality and Brotherhood keeps under the burqa, so that it can blame Brahmins for its rampant casteism instead.
Unlike native Indian varna or Jaati, the **MusIim castes were 100% based on skin colour and ancestry**. The less Indian ancestry you had, the higher on the ladder you were. Ashrafs, the descendants of Turks, Persians, Afghans, and Arabs occupied the highest rung.
Beneath these White MusIims were the Ajlafs: MusIim converts with significant and undeniable subcontinental ancestry. Bottom-most were the Arzals: converted from the least privileged Indian jaatis, they were lsIam's Untouchables quite literally.
The skin-color and ancestry basis of this hierarchy ensured that no upward mobility was possible for non-white ('Pasmanda') MusIim castes. Marrying into them would pull Ashrafs down by making them racially "impure". There was no opportunity for brown MusIim castes to rise.
This again stood in stark contrast to the native Indian system, in which different jaatis could and did elevate their status & fortunes at different times. That was possible because jaatis were economic & occupation-based categories, not rigidly race-based like MusIim castes.
[Source.](https://rattibha.com/thread/1571151036399890433?lang=en) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-19 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwWFlFRG54QWVrM1VvSkNNRWMyOV9Dd05HUkplNXpwcS1wU2xhQVJ0WnhGRTlycTI4YU1jR1h1T0l5QXl2X0w5d0JabzROcVVnZnI1Z1lCZTZIcTRyQUE9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EQW1HWW02QUZvLTFGdnk4MVZvdmhJQkZiNWRRc0VjMHpfaXdaenlXN0N1RWxUTkNNNzdDSDlzV3VCTXZCdkpUdEdiRHdDNkY4T2V1c0JmODRIcU1NLWJ5TlB1eHpaWjBpRXEtQ2VKVWxRc0hLdGFpc1loU3B0WFMtSGRTaERHYXVuTWJoNUxhblhtMXRidGthSlE4QUVZTEhUanplaWc3NUNjb1lZOENZdVlKS3dpLWhRX0Zyel95N251ZzFTWU9BQWlPZXJiX0h2dGRzNkRQdmFUaEZVUT09 |
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One of the prominent princely states of Rajasthan has been Kingdom of Amber, covering the Dhundhar region, that contains the current capital city of Jaipur, Tonk, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur and parts of Kairali district. Flanked by the Arravalis on the North West, Ajmer to the West, Mewar to the South West, Hadoti to the South, and Bharatpur to the east. This region is drained by the Banganga and Banas River, containing the Ranthambore National Park, the palaces of Jaipur, the step wells of Abhaneri among others.
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The kingdom was founded by the Kachwahas, a Rajput clan that is believed to have got it’s name from the fact that they claimed descent from Kush, one of the sons of Shree Rama. They had migrated from Ayodhya, to Gwalior, and later to Rajputana where Dullah Rai founded the kingdom in 1093 AD at Dausa. He would defeat the Meena rulers of Amber, Manchi and subjugated the Bargujjars of Dausa, Deoti thus creating the kingdom of Amber. The rulers of Amber served as generals under Prithviraj Chauhan, and later under Rana Sanga too against Babur. However it was conquered later by Maldev Rathore, and became a feudatory of Marwar till the 16th century. It was Bharmal Kachwaha who made an alliance with Akbar against the Rathores, and was reinstated on the throne, leading to a long alliance with the Mughals. It was his daughter Jodha Bai, who would later become the mother of Jahangir. The Amber kingdom had some distinguished generals in the Mughal army, that included Bhagwant Das and Man Singh.
Among the most famous of the Kachwaha rulers was Jai Singh II, the 29th ruler, son of Bishan Singh, also called as Sawai Jai Singh. He founded the city of Jaipur to where he moved his capital from Amber, performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice, translated Euclid’s Elements of Geometry into Sanskrit and had the Jantar Mantar built at 5 different cities.
Jai Singh however ascended the throne in 1699, when he was just 11 years old, under the most challenging circumstances. His predecessors preferred a policy of engagement with the Mughals than conflict, due to the fact that Amber lay much closer to Delhi, Agra than other Rajput kingdoms. However under Aurangzeb, a succession of Kachwaha rulers from Ramsingh II were deprived of their rank and pay, two of them Jai Singh I and Kunwar Kishan Singh died in rather mysterious circumstances. The treasury was depleted from the constant military campaigns, and there was no money to pay to the cavalry.
On the other hand Aurangzeb ordered him to serve in his long Deccan campaign against the Marathas, that would cripple the Mughal empire financially. However Jai Singh delayed in responding to the order, as he was getting married to the daughter of Udit Singh, and also the Mughal Emperor ordered him to recruit a much larger force beyond his capability. When he finally reached Burhanpur in 1701, he could not advance ahead due to the heavy rains. Though he did play a major role in the siege of Khelna in 1702, he only got back his title of Sawai( one and a quarter, meaning more capable than one man). When he was given the governorship of Malwa in 1704, Aurangzeb angrily revoked it as Jaiz nist( un Islamic).
When Aurangzeb passed away in 1707, a bitter war of succession broke out amongst his sons, and Jai Singh backed one of his sons Azam along with his son Bidar Bakht. However Azam ended up on the losing side, with Bahadur Shah emerging victorious, who continued his father’s bigoted policies towards Hindus. This would lead to the Rajput Revolt between 1708-10, where Jai Singh formed an alliance with the Rathores of Marwar as well as the Ranas of Mewar through matrimony. The alliance defeated Bahadur Shah, who in turn began to take in Rajputs into the Mughal administration reversing his father’s policy. Jai Singh was made governor of Agra and Malwa, where he had to deal with the revolt by the Jat peasants.
The Jats taking advantage of Aurangzeb’s preoccupation in the Deccan campaign, had risen in revolt in Agra, taking control of the province. However Jai Singh managed to subdue the revolt with the support of Bhim Singh Hada of Kota,Gaj Raj Singh of Narwar and Budh Singh Hada of Bundi, defeating the Jat ruler Churaman.
As Governor of Malwa betwen 1714-17, he defeated the Marathas under Khanderao Dabhade and Kanhoji Bhonsle, at the Battle of Pilsud, with an alliance of Budh Singh Hada, forcing them to surrender their loot.
He however had to face a far tougher challenge from the Marathas in Malwa, in 1728 when Pehwa Baji Rao, after defeating the Nizam, had got free passage from him into this region, sweeping through most of Malwa. Baji Rao’s brother Chimaji Appa, defeated the Malwa governor Giridhar Bahadur in November, 1728, as the Marathas advanced further. Jai Singh understanding the fact that the Mughals were no longer a power, made a tactical withdrawal from Malwa, giving the Marathas a free run.He also appealed to Shahu, to restore the fortress of Mandu that was occupied by the Marathas then.
During his third stint in Malwa between 1732-27, he advised the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah, to make peace with the Marathas. However with the Mughal nobility now turning against Jai Singh, and Muhammad Shah’s own dilly dallying,he was removed as Governor. His succesor Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I had to taste a humiliating defeat at the hands of Baji Rao, as the Marathas completely took over Malwa by the Treaty of Duraha on January 1738.
Also Nadir Shah taking advantage of the weak Mughal ruler Muhammad Shah, defeated them at Karnal( February 1739) and later Delhi( March 1739), that would lead to the sacking of the city, and the looting of it’s treasures including the Peacock Throne and the Kohinoor diamond.
Jai Singh took advantage of the declining Mughal power, as he began to capture most of their territories increasing the size of his kingdom, especially the Shekawati region of Sikar, Churu, Jhunjhunu,Nagaur whose residents would form the bulk of his army. Realizing the importance of artillery, he built a large armory modernizing the army. The soldiers began to use matchlocks instead of the traditional sword and shield. The Jaivana was manufactured during his reign, that remains to date the largest wheeled cannon ever in the world.
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He built up a professional army with an equal proportion of infantry, cavalry, musketeers making it one of the most formidable ones in the north. All the other Rajput rulers looked up to him for protection, as well as representing their interests at the Mughal court. When the Marathas after having overran the Deccan and most of Central India, began to advance into the North, Jai Singh decided to counter them with an alliance of Rajput states, as he annexed Bundi, Rampura and made a matrimonial alliance with Mewar. However his interference in the internal affairs of Jodhpur and Bikaner, turned the other Rajput clans against him, as they allied with the Marathas. He was defeated by the Rathores of Marwar under Bakht Singh, at Gangwana in 1741, inspite of a formidable alliance he had built up with Bundi, Kota, Bharatpur backed by the Mughals. The defeat ended Amber’s domination and the rise of Marwar as the most powerful kingdom in Rajasthan. Jai Singh himself passed away two years later in 1743, heart broken over the defeat.
Sawai Jai Singh was one of the greatest rulers ever, whose reign has often been called Amber’s Golden Age, due to his patronage of arts, science and culture. He performed the Ashwamedha and Vajpaeya sacrifices, and belonging to the Nimbarka Sampradaya of Vaishnavism, he promoted Sanskrit learning, abolished Sati. He also got the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah to remove the hated Jizjiya tax as well as the pilgrimage tax on Hindus. He drew up a set of tables called the Zij Muhammadshahi to make astronomical observations that were remarkably accurate. He got Euclid’s Elements of Geometry translated into Sanskrit, as well as several works on trignometry, and John Napier’s work on logarithms too.
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https://preview.redd.it/58e7acgux4p91.png?width=220&format=png&auto=webp&s=e9d4080113343ffe978cf8a453e49d39f7852f20
One of his greatest achievements was building the Jantar Mantar, five astronomical observatories in Delhi,Mathura, Varanasi, Jaipur and Ujjain, motivated by a discussion with the Mughal emperor over astronomical calculations to determine an auspicious date. The observatories were constructed using ancient astronomical principles, to accurately predict eclipses and other phenomena. The instruments were primarily the Ram Yantra(a cylindrical building with an open top and a pillar in its center), Jai Prakash(a concave hemisphere), Samrat Yantra( huge sundial), the Digamsha Yantra(a pillar surrounded by two circular wall) and the Narivalaya Yantra( cylindrical dial). However of the 5 observatories only those at Jaipur, Varanasi and Ujjain are still functional, while Delhi one has become more known for protests, and the one at Mathura does not exist anymore.
And he built the city of Jaipur, originally called as Jainagara, between 1725-27, designed by a Bengali architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, it followed the ancient Hindu grid pattern, as per the Silpa Sutras, making it one of the most planned cities ever. Protected by thick walls and a garrison of 17,000 the city attracted merchants from all over India, who settled down here and prospered.
Sawai Jai Singh was one of the greatest rulers ever of the 18th century, a king whose rule marked a high point in the study of arts, science and saw a flourishing of culture and arts. His legacy would live forever in the form of Jantar Mantars and the city of Jaipur.
Sources
A History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar
[An Astronomer's Progress by David Pingree](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181975)
My article on him here
[https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2021/09/20/sawai-jai-singh/](https://historyunderyourfeet.wordpress.com/2021/09/20/sawai-jai-singh/) | r/indiarwresources | post | r/IndiaRWResources | 2022-09-21 | Z0FBQUFBQm5LakwwWmVUTTZzLTEzcWhvTmlQRmpoR3g1SlZhZjNJTF9WTXJGZ1NQVDU5T0NrT1lMSml4WVpiVXBwa3ktUUpyaHY5NkZvUllPOXVtMXYxbmxXQ0xYTWNoTWc9PQ== | Z0FBQUFBQm5Lak9EZnR2dTE0UDZXTW9wVXBPY09WYlIyZW1uck43Q0NkYmJZVGYxZ3hRWDYtRl9YOFRLaDMtS0hIenJqUzhleHVuZUxzcGFCUEY0aFRTSG9BY2szVFRfdnNpZ2ZYRFVzamVKT29zdTNGSFMtZ1dNTXZHWjhEN3ViT2JkeFpOSUZCYUhRSGJfQlZkbVJKTFhPMkI3a0NpUnFkVE5QVXJkMEUxMk8wMkx2bzMwcG15QXVnWjh3YmpyMHRKZ1Jyb0NCcG9FQWpFak9zTU5wYkR1SF8waTBWVFJoQT09 |
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