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Amazon.com : Vivitar Mini DV Camcorder (DVR-510) with 2GB Internal Storage, Night Vision - Black : Mini Dv Digital Camcorders : Camera & Photo
Infraraed Night Vision
$259.00 Sony DCR-SR42 30GB Hard Disk Drive Handycam Camcorder with 40x Optical Zoom
$508.00 Night Vision Digital Camcorder
$38.43 Prime Samsung HMX-W200 Waterproof HD Recording with 2.4-inch LCD Screen (Red)
Full HD 1280*1080P Mini Camera Camcorder With Ultra-HD and Night Vision Black
$30.48 Prime Next
3.6 x 8 x 12.1 inches
Video Clip640x480 VGA at 30 FPS or 320x240 QVGA at 30 FPS Built In Memory8 MB, 2 GB NAND Flash Storage MediaSD Card (Up to 4 GB) Zoom8x Digital Zoom ApertureF/2.8 f=4.8mm File FormatAVI LCD Display1.8" TFT LCD OSD LanguageE/F/G/I/S/PO/TC/SC Video OutNTSC/PAL PC InterfaceUSB 2.0 / 1.1 Power Source4 x AAA (1.5V) Supported OSWindows 2000/XP/Vista 32 or MAC OS 9.0 and later Infrared Night VisionYes Water ProofYes (with included cover) UPC681066423790
ASIN: B001VIEJFM
Item model number: DVR_510_BLACK
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #15,692 in Camera & Photo (See Top 100 in Camera & Photo)
in Electronics > Camera & Photo Product Warranty: For warranty information about this product, please click here
121 of 121 people found the following review helpfulpretty good for the price
This isn't a bad camera. I read the other reviews for this, but i have to disagree. I think those people made a very uninformed decision. Personally, I am the head of the video tech department at the local high school, and I believe this camera is everything it is advertised to be. You must understand that there is a big difference between a full-size camcorder and a pocket recording device, like this one. Typical battery life for a device like this is two hours; my Vivitar makes it three to four. The resolution is as it is advertised, nothing spectacular. The great feature on this is the infrared optical, which appears in black and white. It doesn't come in color; it wasn't meant to. It was simply meant to gather an image in the dark and it doest that just fine. The microphone is admittably weak though, and the students have needed a USB extension to connect to the computer because of the awkward positioning of the connector. The software is very quirky as well, but it almost always is with video equipment. This isn't the best camera ever, and there are definitely better options around that price. But the Vivitar NV gives you exactly what it advertises and the infrared is a unique and effective feature when used appropriately.
32 of 32 people found the following review helpfulGreat for the price
Ok so it took a day longer to get, this little camera is quite impressive. It's automatic night vision is great and it seems to be full spectrum in daylight based on the pink tint to the trees. For the price, I was impressed. All the negative reviews I would attribute to lack of knowledge of camera functions. Also zooming in does get pixelated, but if your using this for ghost hunting, who zooms in anyway? I think it's better than I ever could have expected.
11 of 11 people found the following review helpfulgood camera for the price
I purchased this camera for the night vision and was pretty impressed. The camera is easy to use and the quality is excellent for the price. For inside investigations, the ir lights are enough by themselves, but outside you will need extra lighting. The same is true for every other camera (including the 3 or 4 hundred dollar ones). A 4G card will only give you 2 hrs of record time on the lowest quality, so I would suggest you purchase at least an 8G card to be on the safe side. The batteries are another plus for this product. When it comes to ir, rechargeable batteries don't last very long so the AAA batteries are much better for our field work. We used the Ultimate lithium batteries in this camera, recorded for 2 hours in full darkness and still have full battery charge. There is no way to attach this camera to a tripod or add extra lighting, but with a little creativity, we built a "adapter" for our camera light bracket and now it works just fine. I would recommend this product. It is light weight, easy to use, and pretty good quality.
25 of 29 people found the following review helpfulMarginal product, smeary recoding if moving, sound pickup not good.
Dennis B. Cutter
The camera itself is kind of a marginal product. It eats batteries like candy and the sound pickup is poor. I've bought some rechargeable batteries as I've been using this device a lot and went through $15 of regular ones fast. About 4 hours of record time will use up the four AAA batteries. Like they noted in the documentation going into night mode really uses up batteries. I don't think this is a problem with just this device but I'm guessing all DVR's like this go through batteries fast.The sound pickup is not very good and any wind or loud noise will drive the circuits so you can't hear anything accept a load whooshing noise.The software is buggy and wouldn't even operate on my XP system. It ran OK on Vista but I found it more annoying then helpful. The image editing software ran OK though. The software was one of the reasons I picked this device so I was disappointed that it wasn't worth anything.Another issue was connecting it to a tower computer wasn't much of an option as the front USB connections were too recessed and I couldn't reach them so I had to use my lap top. Also had an issue trying to delete the files when using the USB connection, it would say the files had been deleted and when I would take the SD card and put it in the card slot the files would still be there, so I only transferred files using the card slot.I would recommend that if you are looking for this type of device you should op for a higher quality (more expansive) recorder.
I bought this product to use for my paranormal investigation team until we can purchase a full IR camcorder set-up. So far we have used this on one investigation with amazing results!! My team and I were so pleased with how this product performed that we plan to purchase a couple more to use on future investigations too. I highly recommend this to anyone looking for a basic IR camcorder for paranormal investigations or ghost hunts.-Daniel McAdams, investigator and cameraman for Spirit Trackers Paranormal Investigation Team-
6 of 6 people found the following review helpfulFor the cost, this is a great little product!!
For people who would like basic video recording this is great. As with most cheaper costing items there are always better quality ones out there, but I personally feel this is getting more than what you paid for. The night vision was fantastic and so much better than I thought it was going to be for the price!! Love it, love it, love it.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpfulFor the price, it delivers...
For the price, this package delivers. It's small, easy to use. Comes with built in 2gb memory which gives you about 45 min recording time, ad an sd card to extend the memory. This is in infrared, so day time video will look a little "pink" but for night time shoots it works great. Has about a 2/3ft range (outside in the dark) with it's built in IR light. Indoors it works much better. Use an external IR light source and it works great. Only draw back is there is no camera mount, so you can't attach an external light source or attach it to a stand. With some creative thinking though, it can be done. Also, any fast movements are a blur but a slow steady hand will get great results. I'm quite pleased with it and will probably grab a couple more. Definatly worth the money. Lightning fast delivery to boot.
Very easy to use for a cheaper version and works great..
Published 10 months ago by TED L TOTH
I was looking for a camcorder with built-in IR LED's, for Ghost Hunting with Calif/Ghosts of Rohnert Park.
Published 21 months ago by David Lewis
Great product easy to operate loved it I would recommend this to everyone works fine great product buy it ..
Published 22 months ago by boss
DONT BUY AND READ RETURN REFUND POLICY
STOPPED WORKING AFTER A WEEK OR SO A COUDNT GET A REPLACEMENT WITH THE MODEL ADVERTIZED DUE THEY NO LONGER HAD IT
Published 24 months ago by chanele
Vivitar Mini DV Camcorder
I wasn't sure about getting such a small camera. But I was very please and surprised how nice it was to work with it.
Published on April 20, 2013 by Flacookie
I have little complaints about this product considering what I paid. It does as advertised but if you are picky about video/picture quality, this is not the product.
Published on April 3, 2013 by Jodrell Dimaculangan
Okay, but not ideal.
This camera is very convenient in size and portability. Being able to take IR still photos as well as video is nice.
Published on December 2, 2012 by Rebecca Ann Ray
At least the lens worked
Rarely do I write reviews for products, as I'm fairly laid back and as long as it does what it says I don't care too much. But this did nothing.
Published on September 4, 2012 by Helen Kaelin
This camera seems to be a popular item for amateur "ghost hunters," so this review is directed straight at them.First of all, this is an actual IR ("night vision") camera.
Published on June 16, 2012 by Kyle Carter
$69.90 Prime Polaroid Studio Series Rechargeable IR Night Light 36 LED Light Bar For Camcorders, Digital Cameras & SLR's
$39.99 Prime Bell and Howell DNV16HDZ-BKFull 1080p HD 16MP Infrared Night Vision Camcorder, 10x Optical Zoom and 3-Inch LCD
$184.99 Prime The Ghost Meter EMF Sensor
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Business By The Book Complete Guide Of Biblical Principles For The Workplace: Larry Burkett: 0020049071410: Amazon.com: Books
BooksAdvanced SearchNew ReleasesBest SellersThe New York Times® Best SellersChildren's BooksTextbooksTextbook RentalsSell Us Your BooksBest Books of the MonthDeals in Books Business By The Book
Paperback, May 5, 1998
Audio, Cassette from $127.77
9 Used from $127.77
4 New from $210.06
Hardcover$12.68 Prime Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get
Hardcover$16.61 Prime Earn the Right to Win: How Success in Any
Paperback$11.10 Prime Sometimes You Win--Sometimes You
Hardcover$17.48 Prime How Successful People Think: Change Your
Hardcover$5.65 Prime Thou Shall Prosper: Ten Commandments for
Publisher: Thomas Nelson; Updated edition (May 5, 1998)
ISBN-10: 0785271414
ISBN-13: 978-0785271413
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,540,636 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#1588 in Books > Christian Books & Bibles > Christian Living > Business & Professional Growth
#1951 in Books > Business & Money > Business Culture > Ethics
#8440 in Books > Business & Money > Finance
25 of 25 people found the following review helpfulExcellent Practical Advice for the Business Person
TOP 1000 REVIEWERVINE VOICE on November 24, 2004Format: Hardcover
Business By the Book is an excellent reference not only for the self-employed, but anyone engaged in business.The book is divided into 3 main sections: Conducting Business by the Bible, Critical Policy Decisions, and Your Business and Your Life.Some of the more helpful chapters for me were:1. Personal Lifestyle Goals.2. Biblical Business Goals.3. Your Business and Your Spouse.4. Hiring and Firing Decisions.5. Management Selection Decisions.6. Business Tithing.7. Retirement.8. Implementing God's Plan.Whether self-employed, a manager, church or ministry staff person, or engaged in business, you will benefit from Burkett's sound biblical wisdom.Highly recommended!
25 of 26 people found the following review helpfulEvery Self Employed Person Should Read This Book!!
Although it is written from a Biblical perspective, EVERY self employed person needs to read this book. It is packed with common sense business principles which, in this world-gone-mad with secular humanism, most of us have lost sight of. It doesn't matter what your faith is... even an athiest would greatly benefit from the business principles taught in this book. It turned my little mom-and-pop business, and my life, around to the direction it should have taken in the first place.
12 of 12 people found the following review helpfulA Very Thought Provoking Resource
In a world where the current business ideology seems to be about maximizing short term profits, climbing over others, and getting the maximum return possible with the minimal effort or investment Larry Burkett draws a sharp contrast.Using referenced Biblical principles throughout the book Mr. Burkett outlines what it means to run a business by God's standards. This does not mean becoming a non-profit or lossing money - but it does mean completely changing the way we view the business, our employees and customers, and our role as business leaders. The principles laid out are challenging and often contrary to the advice you are used to hearing.I found it to be an extremely useful and informative resource that helped me to see how I could not only run a business successfully, but also not sacrifice my concience or ideals. One of the primary tenents of this book is that we are stewards of the resources God gave us, meaning that the money we have and the business we may own ultimately belong to God, not us, and he has entrusted us with them to use in a manner he would approve of. If you are comfortable with this premise I believe you will enjoy the book and find it challenging. If you are not comfortable with this premise you will probably have difficulty accepting the concepts he has outlined.
27 of 31 people found the following review helpfulI give away 12 a month
This book is so good that I give away 10-20 of them a month. I set people up in business and I send it to all my new dealers. Read it and you will know how GOD wants you to run HIS business.
As a christian I am thankful for God's guidance in all areas of my life through the Bible. Larry Burkett addresses areas of business that most christians "go with the flow" of what the world says is o.k. Integrity is hard to find in the workplace - even in business owned by christians. The testimonials in this book are thought provoking, inspiring as well as encouraging to do it God's way. As a small business steward (God owns it all) I am faced with opportunities to compromise God's will. Some days I don't do so good. It's great to know I'm not the only one struggling. It's even more encouraging to read of success - success the way God views success.Thank you and God bless.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpfulGreat for causing you to think!
As someone who is considering starting a business, it is great to consider contrary ways to what is shown as the "everybody does it" ways of stretching out vendors, and focusing on Integrity. I HIGHLY recommend this for anyone considering starting a business.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpfulA MUST READ BEFORE YOU START A BUSINESS
THE AUTHOR COVERS BUSINESS PRINCIPLES IN A MANNER THAT YOU DONT COVER IN ANY BA OR MBA PROGRAM THAT I EVER HEARD. DEFINETELY WORTH THE READ!
4 of 4 people found the following review helpfulThe man behind Dave Ramsey
Larry Burkett is the man behind Dave Ramsey. Indeed, one of the things that attracted me to the Titan of Tennessee's radio show was that familiar spirit I heard. Really, it was the Biblical principles. Others devoured the Motley Fools or the "Rich Dad/Poor Dad" franchise, but it was that familiar spirit, the eternal principles that kept me listening to Larry Burkett.But the relationship is not a mirror image or clone. Rather, it is like that between Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Both drank from the same source, but their personalities, temperaments, and positions in life and in history differ. Larry is stately, sedate, and professorial; Dave is manic, wild, and a mixture of comedian, comic, and Shakespearean wise-cracker.And I appreciate the differences. In fact, what makes Dave great (his wild personality) is what Larry lacks, and that may be Larry's greatest asset. No shouting, no rock bumper music, no wise-cracks, just a sedate, calm, logical presentation of Biblical business practices. No Dionysus, just Apollo.In fact, if Dave rubs you the wrong way (and you can bee a good Christian and not like Dave), then this book is for youNow for the book. This is a non-hysterical version of EntreLeadership: 20 Years of Practical Business Wisdom from the Trenches. It covers 90% of the same material, without the theatrics. Another benefit is the logical presentation. Many chapters have bullet points. This makes for easier reading, better note-taking, and increased retention. Larry gives us easy checklists to follow.Yet this book is not a long PowerPoint presentation.Read more ›
I bought this book as a gift for my husband and he really liked this book. It's perfect for business owners, managers, and others that want to make sure they're running things...
Published 19 days ago by Miranda E. Kuskie
Great wisdom in this book! It has really helped me fine tune my business management in my Christian walk.
Wonderful book! An easy listen and great biblical principles
Wonderful book! An easy listen and great biblical principles. Highly recommend.
Published 1 month ago by lisamckelly
Good book, pretty straight forward
Published 2 months ago by Amazart
Excellent! Wise, practical, biblical. A classic for anyone interested in doing business God's way.
Published 2 months ago by Everett Thomas
This book is by THE BOOK.
Great book book for anytime of business owner, lots of info.Many great points and the stories as examples are encouraging.
Book delivered as expectedThank You.
Published 2 months ago by Richard L
It is a very comprehensive study on understanding God's Word related to everyday business matters. The reader not only gets a very good understanding of the Bible's teaching but...
Published 3 months ago by zso
Doing business without compromising faith
A must read for Entrepreneurs not wanting to neglect or betray their faith
This book was fantastic! It was eye-opening and I wish more Christians would run their business this way. This is how I plan to run my own business.
Published 3 months ago by A Meredith
$5.65 Prime How to Run Your Business by THE BOOK: A Biblical Blueprint to Bless Your Business
$15.89 Prime Thou Shall Prosper: Ten Commandments for Making Money
$21.68 Prime Business for the Glory of God: The Bible's Teaching on the Moral Goodness of Business
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Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data moviesWhat To Do In A Zombie Attack by Jose Carrillo Published 2006
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Stubbs the Zombie in Rebel Without a Pulse PrimaGuides Apr 1, 2016
The Zombie Combat Manual A Guide to Fighting the Living Dead Dec 16, 2015
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Randen Syjut's Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse: Episode Two (ZOMBIE SURVIVAL GUIDE) Nov 22, 2013
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She Made It. I Almost Had To Leave Her Out There With The #zombies #howto #handle Your #cat During The #zombie #apocolypse H UW 1 WT 509ah Jan 26, 2016
Randen Syjut's Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse: Episode One (ZOMBIE SURVIVAL GUIDE) Nov 20, 2013
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RB Sione Palelei adds bulk, adding interest - LSU Tigers - ESPN
RB Palelei adds bulk, adding interest790dGary LaneyZACHARY, La. -- When Sione Palelei's father was considering moving his family from Utah to Louisiana when Sione was in seventh grade, he told his son that the football in Louisiana was "big," as Sione puts it.
InsiderRB Palelei adds bulk, adding interest3/26/20130 SharesEmailComment
Gary Laney, Reporter, GeauxTigerNation CloseReporter for GeauxTigerNationCovers LSU Tigers sports and recruitingJoined ESPN in 2012Follow on Twitter0 SharesEmailCommentZACHARY, La. -- When Sione Palelei's father was considering moving his family from Utah to Louisiana when Sione was in seventh grade, he told his son that the football in Louisiana was "big," as Sione puts it.
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Hoang Lien Hotel Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam - Best discount hotel rates
15 Bui Thi Xuan Street, Ben Thanh Ward, District 1, District 1 - Ben Thanh Market, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Show on map)
Saigon Railway Station (1.9 Km)
Tan Son Nhat International Airport (5.6 Km)
Long Thanh International Airport (26.1 Km)
Customer comments: "Breakfast buffet", "Clean rooms", "Friendly staff"
Top attractions in the area: War Remnants Museum (0.6 Km)
Reunification Palace (0.8 Km)
Phung Son Pagoda (1.1 Km)
Sorry, there are no available rooms at the Hoang Lien Hotel for your chosen dates.
24hr room serviceairport transfer babysitting bar/pub bicycle rentalbusiness center casinocoffee shopconcierge disabled facilitieselevator executive floorfamily roomlaundry service/dry cleaning meeting facilities nightclub pets allowed poolside barrestaurantroom servicesafety deposit boxes salon shops shuttle servicesmoking areatoursWi-Fi in public areas
Located in the heart of the city, it is an ideal location for both business and leisure travelers. A perfect location in Ho Chi Minh city, it offers easy access to dining venues, shopping centres and many hot spots of Vietnam. Boasting 30 comfortable rooms, they feature modern facilities that will give a convenient stay. They also offer facilities like on-site dining, car rental, tours, excursions, visa extension services, air ticket booking services, currency exchange services and broadband internet. All in all, its excellent accommodation, brilliant location and warm hospitality will give you a wonderful stay.
Roszeta K.
freindly staff, comfortable hotel, affordable price
Evertyhing ok and I'm happy to stay in that hotel.
concern for the welfare of their guest; clean; and with reasonable price
concern for the welfare of their guest like, after checking-in the front desk personnel will ask for your passport for safekeeping. They will return it when you check-out.(there is no possibility that you lose or misplace your passport which is very important if you are in a foreign country. It is the first time that i encountered such hotel policy and i appreciated it. At it first i got intimidated. I thought they were confiscating it.
Located in a beautiful tree-lined street, great aircon, friendly staff
We had a good stay in this hotel. It is located in a beautiful tree-lined street very close to one of HCMC's numerous parks. Not too far away from the Ben Than Market. The double bed in our room was unfortunately at it's end and had I not been so tired after shopping all day, this would definitely have influenced my sleep quality. The staff is great and helpful. See more customer comments [718]
Bizu Hotel District 1 Fantastic 8.1
clean and friendly the people here and all speak english in reception df. Syed, Singapore May 09, 2013
Ava Saigon Hotel Fantastic 8.1
Friendly and helpful staffs, free breakfast every morning is included, located at the city centre. Pui, Malaysia May 10, 2013
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_.Kj.prototype.Ae=function(){var a=new gj;this.H=a;var b=_.Qh.Cb();b.kb=!0;this.R();b.Pa=a;_.mfa(b);a.Za=b;b=_.Of("Im6cmf").Na()+"/jserror";$ha(b);b=_.ae(_.Of("cfb2h").Na());kj.buildLabel=b;if(Jj)for(var b=Jj.H,c=0;c<_.Ij.length;c++)b.push(_.Ij[c]);var b=window,d,c=new Ifa,e=b||window,f=e.document.documentElement,g=new Wfa(f);a:{for(var l=0;l21yrs girl needs pusssssy Eatten.... - Google+Press question mark to see available shortcut keysSign inSearchSign inPrivate21yrs girl needs pusssssy Eatten....Ask to joinYou need to join the Community to see posts.Drag photos anywhere to start a new post
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Nicola Finetti Formal Clothing for Women | eBay
Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryShop by categoryEnter your search keywordWomen's Clothing└Clothing, Shoes└ AccessoriesAll CategoriesAlcohol & FoodAntiquesArtBabyBooks, MagazinesBusinessCamerasCars, Bikes BoatsClothing, Shoes AccessoriesCoinsCollectablesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingCraftsDolls, BearsElectronicsGift CardsHealth & BeautyHome AppliancesHome EntertainmentHome & GardenIndustrialJewellery & WatchesMoviesMusicMusical InstrumentsPet SuppliesPhones & AccessoriesPottery, GlassServicesSporting GoodsStampsTickets, TravelToys, HobbiesVehicle Parts & AccessoriesVideo Games & ConsolesLots More...AdvancedG'day (Sign in to bid or buy) eBay Deals Sell Help & Contact My eBayExpand My eBay My eBay Summary Bids/Offers Watch List Wish List All Lists Purchase History Selling/sold My Collections Followed searches My messagesNotification You're hereeBayClothing, Shoes, AccessoriesWomen's ClothingNicola Finetti Formal Clothing for WomenNicola Finetti Formal Clothing for WomenShop by CategoryClothing, Shoes, AccessoriesWomen's ClothingWomen's Coats and JacketsWomen's DressesWomen's HosieryWomen's JeansWomen's Jumpers and CardigansWomen's Jumpsuits, Rompers & PlaysuitsWomen's PantsWomen's ShortsWomen's SkirtsWomen's SleepwearWomen's SportswearWomen's Suits and BlazersWomen's SwimwearWomen's T-ShirtsWomen's Tops and BlousesWomen's Tracksuits and HoodiesWomen's VestsWomen's Mixed Clothing ItemsOther Women's ClothingBuying formatsee allAll ListingsAuctionBuy It NowBrandsee allNicola FinettiOccasionsee allFormalColoursee allBlackBlueGreyIvoryPurpleMaterialsee allNylonPolyesterNot SpecifiedGarment Caresee allPatternsee allConditionsee allNew with tagsNew without tagsNew with defectsPre-OwnedPricePlease provide a valid price range$-$Item locationsee allDefaultWithin2 km5 km10 km15 km20 km50 km75 km100 km150 km200 km500 km750 km1000 km1500 km2000 kmofGoAustralia OnlyWorldwideDelivery optionssee allFree postageShow onlysee allReturns acceptedCompleted itemsSold itemsMore refinements...Results in Nicola Finetti Formal Clothing for Women1-25 of 26BNWT NICOLA FINETTI Dress Jacket BLACK SIZE 14Any obvious wear to an item will be mentioned. Beautiful dress jacket. Size 14. Front metal zip. Ask for a quote if required.AU $75.00AU $12.70 postageNicola Finetti black dress LBD 12 L Retail $600+ NEW ***MASSIVE SALE***AU $119.95or Best OfferAU $11.20 postage'Nicola Finetti' Women's 100% Silk Strapless Grey / Silver Dress {Size 8}This grey / silver strapless dress features. 'Nicola Finetti'. Made from 100% Silk. Length (Top of dress to hemline) - 71cm. - Size 8 -. We like to think of ourselves as friendly, approachable & reasonable in dealing with those not 100% satisfied.AU $39.99Was: Previous priceAU $49.99AU $9.20 postageNICOLA FINETTI size 6 Black Strapless Silk Formal Dress Nicola Finetti Black Strapless dress
Australian Size 6
Fully lined with stylish puffy hip designed with intricate layers
Perfect for cocktails or a formal occasion, the classic Little Black Dress every girl needs
Gorgeous sweetheart neckline In excellent used condition only worn once , just like newAU $15.00AU $8.00 postageNICOLA FINETTI BLACK AND WHITE PLEATED DRESS SIZE 6 FIT SIZE 8- 10-12ROUNDED NECKLINE WITH SINGLE BUTTON CLOSURE AT THE BACK. FINE PLEATS FROM THE NECKLINE. BODY IS LINED THE ELBOW LENGTH SLEEVES ARE NOT. BLACK AND WHITE TONES. SIZE 6 BUT WILL FIT SIZE 8-10-12. NICOLA FINETTI.AU $55.96Was: Previous priceAU $69.95AU $10.00 postageNEW! $390 NICOLA FINETTI black formal drape dress Size 12BLACK FORMAL DRAPE. FAMOUS AUSTRALIAN FASHION DESIGNER NICOLA FINETTI HAS. NICOLA FINETTI. ONCE SAID, "MY AIM IS TO GIVE WOMEN THE POSSIBILITY. EYE HOOK. BUBBLE STYLE HEM. TO EXPLORE THEIR INNER SELF AND EMBRACE.AU $55.00AU $8.50 postageNEW! $390 NICOLA FINETTI beige ivory formal drape dress Size 10BEIGE IVORY FORMAL DRAPE. FAMOUS AUSTRALIAN FASHION DESIGNER NICOLA FINETTI HAS. NICOLA FINETTI. ONCE SAID, "MY AIM IS TO GIVE WOMEN THE POSSIBILITY. EYE HOOK. BUBBLE STYLE HEM. CHECK OUT OUR OTHER DESIGNER LABELS.AU $55.00AU $8.50 postageNICOLA FINETTI NWOT Sz8/10* Green Formal / Casual Dress 100% SILKThis is a proper Nicola Finetti Dress.AU $99.50Was: Previous priceAU $199.00or Best OfferAU $8.50 postageFAB NICOLA FINETTI $450 EDGY COTTON LACE EXPSED ZIP COCKTAIL DESIGNER DRESS 6 8 BEAUTIFUL NICOLA FINETTI OPEN LACE DRESS
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CHEERS!AU $50.50Was: Previous priceAU $56.11AU $9.99 postage15 watching'Nicola Finetti' Women's Sleeveless Off The Shoulder Mini Dress {Size 10}This purple strapless off the shoulder dress features. 'Nicola Finetti'. Length (Top of dress to hemline) - 74cm. - Size 10 -. Arm pit to arm pit - 41cm. a round neckline, front pleated detail and a invisible back zip closure.AU $96.00Was: Previous priceAU $120.00AU $9.20 postageNF by NICOLA FINETTI blue formal cocktail dress Size 8BLUE FORMAL COCKTAIL. FAMOUS AUSTRALIAN FASHION DESIGNER NICOLA FINETTI HAS. NICOLA FINETTI. ONCE SAID, "MY AIM IS TO GIVE WOMEN THE POSSIBILITY. APPLIQUE NECKLINE WITH BEADS. FLOWY STYLE. TOTAL LENGTH: 87CM.AU $40.00AU $8.50 postageNicola Finetti Size 8-10Nicola finetti dress baby blue colour, middle length, very good condition, I bought one month age from David jones its size 8-10, it's nice and feet it, also look out my other stuff very bargain stuff.AU $60.00or Best OfferAU $10.00 postagenicola finetti dress. Size 8 Worn Once As New. Gorgeous Style(Nice smell or dry cleaned before listed! I'm clean out house to get space for my new size dressing coming lol:-). Of course bargain for you. Don't miss out. Honestly I don't want to sale but I can't event zip up 😅 as I getting chubby after having babies.AU $45.00AU $14.00 postageNF Nicola Finetti Size 10 Silk Ombre Designer Dress This is a gorgeous dress by high end Paddington designer Nicola Finetti. Fabric labels are photographed where available. Necklace if shown is not included. Some of the larger size dresses have been pinned on my dress form as it is a Sz 12.AU $64.50eBay Premium ServiceWas: Previous priceAU $129.00or Best Offer
FAST 'N FREENWT Simply Stunning NICOLA FINETTI "Jersey Drape Dress" Ivory & Beige Size 12Dress features a beige bustier look top that sits under ivory drape. Fitted beige waistband. Measurements from the Nicole Finetti website.AU $79.99Free postageNICOLA FINETTI WHITE LAYERED DRESS SIZE 12NICOLA FINETTI. SIZE 12. FINE STRAPS OVER SHOULDERS WITH A STRAIGHT NECKLINE.WITH A TRIPLE FRILL. FLOWING LAYERS OF CHIFON AND FULLY LINE.AU $55.96Was: Previous priceAU $69.95AU $10.00 postageSee more like thisNICOLA FINETTI designer formal wedding cocktail black bodice mini dress 8 S $440NICOLA FINETTI designer dress (STRAPLESS STYLE AS SHOWN ON CLOSE UP ) . Label on the garment says AUS 8, true to size.AU $49.99AU $9.80 postageNICOLA FINETTI ladies taupe grey silk crepe beige cocktail DRESS 10 S 38 NICOLA FINETTI Made in Australia Msin 100% polyester crepe type, contrast: 100% silk, lining 100% acetate
Size AU 10/UK 10/EU 38/US 6-please check the measurements below Worn once-as new condition Beige/taupe/mushroom colour with ivory contrast
Underarm 45 cm
Waist 72 cm
Hips 94 cm
Length 92 cm
Any questions welcome I do combine postage for you Enjoy!
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Roberto Cavalli Sunglasses RC 653S Black 01B Paprika 59mm | eBay
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24. 4 - REPÉRAGE DES PIÈGES for TTA 150 Manuel Du Sous Officier Titre 10 Mines Et Explosifs Edition 2008
P. 1TTA 150 Manuel Du Sous Officier Titre 10 Mines Et Explosifs Edition 2008TTA 150 Manuel Du Sous Officier Titre 10 Mines Et Explosifs Edition 2008Ratings: (0)|Views: 558|Likes: 8Published by BibliothequeNatioMore info:Published by: BibliothequeNatio on Jun 16, 2012Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/97297028/TTA-150-Manuel-Du-Sous-Officier-Titre-10-Mines-Et-Explosifs-Edition-200811/11/2012pdftextoriginal Document6
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Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Tears of a Dragon (The Dragons in Our Midst, Book 4)
5.0 out of 5 stars A Stunning Conclusion to an Awesome Series
Wow...wow. When I read the first book in this series, Raising Dragons, I thought it was good. When I read the second, I thought it was great. When I read the third, I was rightfully in awe. But this...wow (yes, I will say that word again!). This book was amazing. I was almost afraid to read it, afraid that the end would leave me sad and hungry for more. Thankfully, I...
Read the full review › Published on November 10, 2005 by Eowyn of Rohan
3.0 out of 5 stars Too many cliches
I've enjoyed this series as a whole, but there were many elements of the final story that bothered me. Mostly, the overuse of the death/resurrection plot point. The savior-like death and resurrection of a character is a common point of fantasy books, and a Christian fantasy book has a little more reason to use that plot device, but this series has used it time and time...
Read the full review › Published on August 9, 2007 by Kindle Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars A Stunning Conclusion to an Awesome Series, November 10, 2005
This review is from: Tears of a Dragon (The Dragons in Our Midst, Book 4) (Paperback)
Wow...wow. When I read the first book in this series, Raising Dragons, I thought it was good. When I read the second, I thought it was great. When I read the third, I was rightfully in awe. But this...wow (yes, I will say that word again!). This book was amazing. I was almost afraid to read it, afraid that the end would leave me sad and hungry for more. Thankfully, I was mistaken--I have never been so grateful to have been wrong in all my born days!In the last installment of the Dragons in Our Midst series, emotions are running high and the situation is dire. Not only do Morgan Le Fay and her group of demonic accomplices (along with Devin, the famous dragon slayer, though still in the candlestone at the moment) want to kill off the dragons as always, they are now toying with the entire world, changing the weather to suit their dark purpose. The setting is captivating...even more than that of its predecessors. I was thoroughly involved in the story before I knew it, and I finished the book in a day.One of the things about these books that makes them so good is the fact that they're written with enough straightforwardness to allow for younger readers, yet they have enough depth to reach into the hearts of those that are older and touch them deeply (I'm only fourteen, but I don't necessarily see myself as very "young" reader). For instance, I read the first book aloud to my eight-year-old sister, and though she protested at first--for she doesn't usually like to be read to--she fell in love with the story to the point where there was no use denying it. She liked it so much that she's even reading The Candlestone on her own now.Bryan Davis is a great author--I hope to see much, much more from him in the future. I was extremely pleased with this last book of Dragons in Our Midst--the ending is perfect. Absolutely perfect.Highly recommended.
5.0 out of 5 stars Absolutely amazing!, January 8, 2006
By Jessica.Laurie - See all my reviews
Tears of a Dragon is an amazing allegory. It is the final book of the Dragon in Our Midst Chronicles that follows the events of the last days of dragons on earth. It is an awesome and deep allegory that will keep you thinking.Billy and Bonnie, the main characters, have returned from England and their adventure in the circles of seven. They have been battle worn from their many adventures, but now they have to face a war against the Watchers, demonic beings that had been released upon the earth. But Billy has been first sent on another mission: to find his father who had disappeared and enter a resting place of dragons that need to be set free. Billy, Bonnie, and their friends face many choices that will change their lives forever. Including the climatic decision at the end: will Billy, Bonnie, and the dragons choose to keep their dragon traits, or choose to become human, forever?Though the end might be a little confusing and upsetting for younger children, I think it's beautiful and very deep. Tears of a Dragon is a must read for everyone. I didn't particularly like fantasy until I read this series, but this isn't a normal series. It helped me grow in my faith and answer questions I never thought of before. So what I'm simply trying to say is read this series, it's totally worth it! :)
5.0 out of 5 stars A Review of Tears of a Dragon, January 8, 2006
Fantastic! This book satisfies all readers. It provedes romance, suspence, action, etc. It is a full attention holder. I couldn't put it down! The book is a definite re-reader. The book is really well done.
5.0 out of 5 stars Stupendous Spiritual Series, November 11, 2005
By Tracy Cooper (Wisconsin, USA) - See all my reviews
Tears of a Dragon is above all the most exciting action thirller. Like with the others, once you start reading, its hard to put the book down. Tears of a Dragon is a really extremelly hard for me to put down. Tears of a Dragon really has put my faith highier yet than the last three books. This book and all the other books to Dragons in our Midst, is for all ages. So this is a book that the whole family can get there minds into.Billy, Bonnie, Ashley, Water, and everybody else are now on there greatest adventure yet!! This book really has touching moments & heroic moments as well. There is so many areas where God works through everybody!!Pick up a book and see mind thrilling adventure it will take you on. Bryan Davis has wrote a great series and I pray that his next series of writing will be just as great as Dragons in Our Midst!! ^_^
5.0 out of 5 stars The Best Series Ever!, March 31, 2006
I'm ten years old, and I thought that these books were awesome!I'm very picky about what I read, and I LITERALLY fell in love with these books! These are definitely my favorite books! I've read about 1,000,000 books since I was 6 and it's a huge thing for me to say that these are my favorite books.I really think that these are the best, and I've read Lord of the Rings and The Chronicles of Narnia.I liked them because they are filled with a mix of action, fantisy, and intenise anticeapation! Also, both boys and girls will enjoy it because it has a bit of romance and is filled with action. Last, they are awsome books to rea with your family. ENJOY!by: Isabel ENJOY!
5.0 out of 5 stars Christian values in a dragon story, March 19, 2007
By Ellen C. Maze Sallas "The Author's Mentor" (Albertville, AL United States) - See all my reviews
My daughter reads this series, and she is 13/14. She enjoys it and has told me of the Christian elements present, and I approve of them. For children who enjoy sci-fi/dragon fantasy stories, this one has no message that 'magic is good', but rather subservience to a supreme God. I recommend this author and this series.Ellen C Maze, author50 5-Star Reviews: WATCH OUT TWILIGHT! PHENOMENON! LIGHTNING-PACED! CAN'T PUT IT DOWN! CHALLENGES THE RELIGIOUS CROWD! RIVALS...DAN BROWN & STEPHEN KING! and much more. HOP on the bandwagon and check it out my friend!
5.0 out of 5 stars !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!, December 2, 2005
Bryan Davis has done it again! I absolutly LOVE his Dragons in Our Midst series!!! These books rate the highest out of all the books I've ever read in my life. Even above Alexandre Dumas and Tolkien (I know, that's saying a lot because I LOVE both of those authors...but it's true!)!! He has written books that make you joyful, sad, tense, frightened and moved all at the same time! The characters amazing faith and their trust in God is stunning. I'll admit, Bonnie's spectacular faith drove me on to look inside myself and see if I was truly reflecting the love of Christ, like Bonnie Silver was. I love all the characters. But my favorite is still Walter. Walter is just as funny in the last book as in all the rest. In the midst of my tears as I cried for the characters in this book, I would laugh as Walter brightened up the moment. I found myself wishing that these charactres weren't fake. That they were real. And I began to see them as real. I began to feel like they were my friends. I would encourage them and they continued to encourage me in my walk with God. "Bravo, Mr. Davis! Bravo!"This book, and the others in the series are truly amazing books that no one should pass up! No, they're not "kid" books, so not worth reading, they're books for all ages. I personally beleive that any age would enjoy them.And if a movie director ever comes across these books...I'll be the first to run to the theatre to see them on the screen!!!I'm praying that Mr. Davis writes more books like this!!!Read them...you won't regret it!!!
5.0 out of 5 stars A STUNNING ENDING TO A SPECTACULAR SERIES, September 6, 2007
By R. Olsavicky "Bob's thoughts" (Butler, Pa. USA) - See all my reviews
Bryan Davis starts with a great series and does the almost impossible. Each book and episode just keeps getting better. The thrills and tensions just keep being ratcheted up. Every book does the near impossibility of always raising the bar. There is no weak moment or book in the entire series. This finale is a classic example of plotting, pacing, atmosphere, characterization and expanding our knowledge of dragons and myth. A genius is a work here. Don't miss a book, sequel or prequel. AND THERE IS MORE TO COME!!!
5.0 out of 5 stars Deep, involving, well written., January 4, 2007
By J. Damon - See all my reviews
I'll keep this short, I've been looking for good fantasy, that has a christian world view behind it. I found it in this book, now don't take me the wrong way, even a non Christian could enjoy this, it is well written and not completely in your face. Highly recommend it for ages 12-120 years.
5.0 out of 5 stars A Kid's Review, April 6, 2008
By Joyttw - See all my reviews
Tears of a Dragon definetly deserves the motto of the company thatpublished it... "Writing worth Reading". It's amazing how Bryan Davis canmix Christianity, mythology and adventure to keep readers on the edges oftheir seats. I feel like I'm with the characters the whole time. It is awonder that this is not yet a movie, but reading Tears of a Dreagon is worth it!
Tears of a Dragon (The Dragons in Our Midst, Book 4) by Bryan Davis (Paperback - October 28, 2005)
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Toggle hardware data/read/execute breakpoints programmatically - CodeProject 12,758,235 members (35,139 online)
Michael Chourdakis12-Aug-08 1:50 Hi there.Actually its a separate tool I use to generate these VCproj files, so they should be compatible with VS 2005 as long as you change<visualstudioproject> ProjectType="Visual C++" Version="9,00"to <visualstudioproject> ProjectType="Visual C++" Version="8,00"and remove the .SLN files, then open the .VCPROJ. Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 24-Feb-17 5:19Refresh1
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Donkey Kong (video game) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the arcade game. For the 1994 Game Boy game, see Donkey Kong (Game Boy).
"'Arcade"'
NA March 3, 1982
JP June 3, 1982
NA December 31, 1982
NA June 1, 1983
JP February 14, 2004[3]
Virtual Console (regular)
NA November 19, 2006[4]
JP December 2, 2006[5]
Virtual Console (Original Edition)
JP October 17, 2012[6]
NA August 15, 2013[7]
PAL November 21, 2013
NA October 1, 2012
EU September 18, 2014
AUS September 19, 2014
WW July 15, 2013[8][9]
Main: Z80 @ 3.072 MHz
Sound: i8035 @ 400 kHz
DAC @ 400 kHz,
Samples @ 400 kHz
Donkey Kong (Japanese: ドンキーコング, Hepburn: Donkī Kongu?) is an arcade game released by Nintendo in 1981. It is an early example of the platform game genre, as the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging and jumping over obstacles. In the game, Mario (originally named "Jumpman") must rescue a damsel in distress named Pauline (originally named Lady), from a giant ape named Donkey Kong. The hero and ape later became two of Nintendo's most popular and recognizable characters. Donkey Kong is one of the most important titles from the Golden Age of Video Arcade Games, and is one of the most popular arcade games of all time.
Regardless of initial doubts by Nintendo's American staff, Donkey Kong succeeded commercially and critically in North America and Japan. Nintendo licensed the game to Coleco, who developed home console versions for numerous platforms. Other companies cloned Nintendo's hit and avoided royalties altogether. Miyamoto's characters appeared on cereal boxes, television cartoons, and dozens of other places. A lawsuit brought on by Universal City Studios, alleging Donkey Kong violated their trademark of King Kong, ultimately failed. The success of Donkey Kong and Nintendo's victory in the courtroom helped to position the company for video game market dominance from its release in 1981 until the late 1990s (1996–1999).
8.2 Atari computer Easter egg
Gameplay of Donkey Kong in the first level.
Following 1980's Space Panic, Donkey Kong is one of the earliest examples of the platform game genre.[10]:94[11] As the first platform game to feature jumping, it requires the player to jump between gaps and over obstacles or approaching enemies, setting the template for the future of the platform genre.[12] With its four unique stages, Donkey Kong was the most complex arcade game at the time of its release, and only the second game to feature multiple stages, following 1981's Gorf by Midway Games.[13]:66
Competitive video gamers and referees stress the game's high level of difficulty compared to other classic arcade games. Winning the game requires patience and the ability to accurately time Mario's ascent.[14]:82 In addition to presenting the goal of saving Pauline, the game also gives the player a score. Points are awarded for the following: finishing each stage; leaping over obstacles; destroying objects with a hammer power-up; collecting items such as hats, parasols, and purses (apparently belonging to Pauline); and completing other tasks. The player typically receives three lives with a bonus awarded for the first 7,000 points, although this can be modified via the game's built in DIP switches.
The game is divided into four different single-screen stages. Each represents 25 meters of the structure Donkey Kong has climbed, one stage being 25 meters higher than the previous. The final stage occurs at 100 meters. Stage one involves Mario scaling a construction site made of crooked girders and ladders while jumping over or hammering barrels and oil barrels tossed by Donkey Kong. Stage two involves climbing a five-story structure of conveyor belts, each of which transports cement pans. The third stage involves the player riding elevators while avoiding bouncing springs. The final stage involves Mario removing eight rivets which support Donkey Kong. Removing the final rivet causes Donkey Kong to fall and the hero to be reunited with Pauline.[15] These four stages combine to form a level.
Upon completion of the fourth stage, the level then increments, and the game repeats the stages with progressive difficulty. For example, Donkey Kong begins to hurl barrels faster and sometimes diagonally, and fireballs get speedier. The victory music alternates between levels 1 and 2. The 22nd level is colloquially known as the kill screen, due to an error in the game's programming that kills Mario after a few seconds, effectively ending the game.[15]
Donkey Kong is considered to be the earliest video game with a storyline that visually unfolds on screen.[12] The eponymous Donkey Kong character is the game's de facto villain. The hero is a carpenter originally named Jumpman, and would later be renamed Mario.[16] The ape kidnaps Mario's girlfriend, originally known as Lady, but later renamed Pauline. The player must take the role of Mario and rescue her. This is the first occurrence of the damsel in distress scenario that would provide the template for countless video games to come.[14]:82
At the game's end, Jumpman and Pauline are reunited.
The game uses graphics and animation as vehicles of characterization. Donkey Kong smirks upon Mario's demise. Pauline has a pink dress and long hair,[17]:19–20 and a speech balloon crying "HELP!" appears frequently beside her. Mario, depicted in red overalls and cap, is an everyman character, a type common in Japan. Graphical limitations and the low pixel resolution of the small sprites prompted his design: drawing a mouth is infeasible, so the character was given a mustache;[18]:37 the programmers could not animate hair, so he got a cap; and to make his arm movements visible, he needed colored overalls.[14]:238 The artwork used for the cabinets and promotional materials make these cartoon-like character designs even more explicit. Pauline, for example, is depicted to be disheveled (like King Kong 's Fay Wray) in a torn dress and stiletto heels.[17]:19–20
Donkey Kong is the first example of a complete narrative told in video game form, and like 1980's Pac-Man, it employs cutscenes to advance its plot. The game opens with the gorilla climbing a pair of ladders to the top of a construction site. He sets Pauline down and stomps his feet, causing the steel beams to change shape. He then moves to his final perch and sneers. This brief animation sets the scene and adds background to the gameplay, a first for video games. Upon reaching the end of the stage, another cutscene begins. A heart appears between Mario and Pauline, but Donkey Kong grabs the woman and climbs higher, causing the heart to break. The narrative concludes when Mario reaches the end of the rivet stage. He and Pauline are reunited, and a short intermission plays.[18]:40–42 The gameplay then loops from the beginning at a higher level of difficulty, without any formal ending.
As of late 1980 to early 1981, Nintendo's efforts to expand to North America had failed, culminating with the attempted export of the otherwise successful Radar Scope. They were left with a large amount of unsold Radar Scope machines, so company president Hiroshi Yamauchi thought of simply converting them into something new. He approached a young industrial designer named Shigeru Miyamoto, who had been working for Nintendo since 1977, to see if he could design such a replacement. Miyamoto said that he could.[19]:157 Yamauchi appointed Nintendo's head engineer, Gunpei Yokoi, to supervise the project.[19]:158 Nintendo's budget for the development of the game was $100,000.[20] Some sources also claim that Ikegami Tsushinki was involved in some of the development.[21][22] They played no role in the game's creation or concept, but were hired by Nintendo to provide "mechanical programming assistance to fix the software created by Nintendo".[20]
At the time, Nintendo was also pursuing a license to make a game based on the Popeye comic strip. When this license attempt failed, Nintendo took the opportunity to create new characters that could then be marketed and used in later games.[14]:238[23] Miyamoto came up with many characters and plot concepts, but he eventually settled on a love triangle between gorilla, carpenter, and girlfriend that mirrors the rivalry between Bluto and Popeye for Olive Oyl.[18]:39 Bluto became an ape, which Miyamoto said was "nothing too evil or repulsive".[24]:47 He would be the pet of the main character, "a funny, hang-loose kind of guy."[24]:47 Miyamoto has also named "Beauty and the Beast" and the 1933 film King Kong as influences.[18]:36 Although its origin as a comic strip license played a major part, Donkey Kong marked the first time that the storyline for a video game preceded the game's programming rather than simply being appended as an afterthought.[18]:38 Unrelated Popeye games would eventually be released by Nintendo for the Game & Watch the following month, and for the arcades in 1982.
Yamauchi wanted primarily to target the North American market, so he mandated that the game be given an English title, though many of their games to this point had English titles anyway. Miyamoto decided to name the game for the ape, whom he felt to be the strongest character.[18]:39 The story of how Miyamoto came up with the name "Donkey Kong" varies. A false urban myth says that the name was originally meant to be "Monkey Kong", but was misspelled or misinterpreted due to a blurred fax or bad telephone connection.[25] Another, more credible story claims Miyamoto looked in a Japanese-English dictionary for something that would mean "stubborn gorilla",[19] or that "Donkey" was meant to convey "silly" or "stubborn"; "Kong" was common Japanese slang for "gorilla".[14]:238 A rival claim is that he worked with Nintendo's export manager to come up with the title, and that "Donkey" was meant to represent "stupid and goofy".[24]:48–49 In the end, Miyamoto stated that he thought the name would convey the thought of a "stupid ape".[26]
Miyamoto himself had high hopes for his new project. He lacked the technical skills to program it alone, so instead came up with concepts and consulted technicians to see if they were possible. He wanted to make the characters different sizes, move in different manners and react in various ways. Yokoi thought Miyamoto's original design was too complex,[24]:47–48 though he had some difficult suggestions himself, such as using see-saws to catapult the hero across the screen (eventually found too hard to program, though a similar concept would appear in the aforementioned Popeye arcade game). Miyamoto then thought of using sloped platforms, barrels and ladders. When he specified that the game would have multiple stages, the four-man programming team complained that he was essentially asking them to make the game repeatedly.[18]:38–39 Nevertheless, they followed Miyamoto's design, creating a total of approximately 20 kilobytes of content.[19]:530 Yukio Kaneoka composed a simplistic soundtrack to serve as background music for the levels and story events.[1][27]
Hiroshi Yamauchi thought the game was going to sell well and called Minoru Arakawa, head of Nintendo's operations in the US, to tell him. Nintendo's American distributors, Ron Judy and Al Stone, brought Arakawa to a lawyer named Howard Lincoln to secure a trademark.[19]:159
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Toreros Mexican Restaurant - Douglasville, GA | Groupon
6920 Douglas Boulevard, Douglasville, GA 30135 6920 Douglas Boulevard, Douglasville Directions
+17704898134
6920 Douglas Boulevard,
A highly-rated destination in Douglasville, Torero's is a delicious Mexican restaurant with a delicious menu. The excellent quality, set in a laid-back atmosphere, will make you a regular.
A reputable option in Douglasville, a visit to Torero's is definitely worthwhile.
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Nina Welch Condolences | Bakersfield Californian
Nina Elizabeth Keys Welch
Thank you for signing the Guest Book for Nina Elizabeth Keys Welch.
Please take a moment to sign the Guest Book for Nina Elizabeth Keys Welch.
Send me a daily email when updates are made to the obituary or Condolence page for Nina Elizabeth Keys Welch.
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BBC Democracy Live - Hammond announces UK offer of RAF Typhoons to Nato
Help The UK is to offer Royal Air Force Typhoon aircraft to Nato "air policing" efforts in the east of Europe following Russian action in Crimea, the defence secretary has announced.
He was speaking during his department's question session on 17 March 2014, after Conservative MP Sir Edward Leigh reflected that it was a relief Ukraine had not been made a Nato member "otherwise we might now be involved in a European war".
Mr Hammond said: "The status of Ukraine is quite different from the status of Nato countries. Nato countries enjoy the article 5 guarantee which protects and assures their security, but we are doing everything we can to reassure our Nato allies about the protection we offer."
He continued: "We are doing everything we can to reassure our Nato allies about the protection we offer and I am able to advise the House this afternoon we have taken the decision this morning to offer to Nato UK Typhoon aircraft from late April to augment the Polish contribution to the Nato Baltic air policing mission.
"I hope that will provide reassurance to our Nato allies in the east."
At the end of the session, Speaker John Bercow announced there would be a tribute session, on Thursday, to former cabinet minister and veteran left-wing campaigner Tony Benn, who died on 14 March.
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Kay Murphy's Studio by KayMurphysStudio on Etsy
Titmouse and Flower giclee print
Hollyhocks Giclee print
Chickadee Hat lady note cards
Announcement Hope you will enjoy your visit, if I can custom design anything for you, Please message me.
Hope you will enjoy your visit, if I can custom design anything for you, Please message me.
Birds in Hats cards
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Sparrow, Birds in Hats series note cards, embossed
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Blue Jay In Hat , Note-Card. Six in a pack
Wild Bunnies Christmas Note -Card,from my original colored pencils drawing
Christmas Cardinal in the Snowy Woods, Christmas Note-Card,
Chickadee and Red Berries Christmas Note Card
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Pair of Cardinals, Giclee print
Songbirds Note Cards. Five different birds on cards
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Once in a Blue Moon a Rainbow Tree, Childrens book,
switzerdana on Jan 22, 2016
This was a gift and the recipient loved it!!! Great seller, worked with me to send it as a gift. Thank you so so much for the wonderful customer service and a very happy aunt! A pair of Male Cardinals 8 x 10 Giclee print
A pair of Male Cardinals 8 x 10 Giclee print
Rose Dufault on Nov 3, 2015
This is print is perfect - I have one similar but with a black background done by my cousin more than fifty years ago. Everything Kay Wallace-Thompson does is more than wonderful.
Three Red Poppies, Giclee print
sharonthenorsk on Jul 1, 2015
oh so special! i'll read my book to our grandchildren on july 31st, the next blue moon. thank you!
Grew up with a pencil and brush in my hand
I have never known a time I did not draw or paint, I have always loved art as an only child riding horses, reading and art was my companions.
I taught myself Photoshop which I love, learn to do my own printing because printer's could not or would get my colors right. I traveled from NY to FL and as far west as Oklahoma City selling my art at art shows, doing as many as 20 some show a year. I have licensed my art to Greeting Card Publishers for more than 30 years. I only do local shows now and sell my art online. I do teach at White Pine Bookstore, Watercolor, Colored pencils, Mixed media, Acrylics and most anything that has to do with art.
I design and print my line of Note Cards.
I do everything from painting, printing, packaging.
I love designing cards. I love what I do for a living.
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9780851316567: The Course Companion for BHS Stages 3 & 4 (Books for British Horse Society Examination) - AbeBooks - Maxine Cave: 0851316565
Maxine Cave The Course Companion for BHS Stages 3 & 4 (Books for British Horse Society Examination)
ISBN 13: 9780851316567
The Course Companion for BHS Stages 3 & 4 (Books for British Horse Society Examination)
ISBN 10: 0851316565 ISBN 13: 9780851316567
Publisher: J. A. Allen, 1995
This essential guide covers the Horse Knowledge and Care elements of stages 3 and 4 of the BHS Examination.
1. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III IV (Paperback)
Book Description The Crowood Press Ltd, United Kingdom, 1999. Paperback. Condition: New. Re-issue. Language: English . Brand New Book. The Course Companion covers the Horse Knowledge and Care elements of the BHS Stage examinations III and IV. Within each chapter, there are headings to show which subject matter is required at each level as well as suggestions for practical follow-up work and helpful hints on examination technique. The book is an invaluable study and revision aid which no examination candidate will want to be without. The subject matter will be equally helpful to anyone involved with the care and management of horses whether in a private or professional capacity. Seller Inventory # AAZ9780851316567
2. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV
Book Description J.A.Allen & Co Ltd, 1999. Paperback. Condition: New. BRAND NEW ** SUPER FAST SHIPPING FROM UK WAREHOUSE ** 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. Seller Inventory # mon0000314064
3. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III IV (Paperback)
4. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV (Books for British Horse Society Examination) (Paperback)
Book Description Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # ST0851316565. Seller Inventory # ST0851316565
5. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV
Book Description The Crowood Press Ltd. Paperback. Condition: New. New copy - Usually dispatched within 2 working days. Seller Inventory # B9780851316567
6. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV
Book Description Robert Hale Ltd, 1995. Condition: New. 1995. Paperback. Covers the Horse Knowledge and Care elements of the BHS Stage examinations III and IV. This book covers chapters which include headings to show which subject matter is required at each level as well as suggestions for practical follow-up work and helpful hints on examination technique. Num Pages: 225 pages, illustrations. BIC Classification: WNGH; WSNF. Category: (G) General (US: Trade); (XR) Revision / study guides. Dimension: 216 x 175 x 21. Weight in Grams: 570. . . . . . . Seller Inventory # V9780851316567
7. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV
Book Description Robert Hale Ltd. Condition: New. 1995. Paperback. Covers the Horse Knowledge and Care elements of the BHS Stage examinations III and IV. This book covers chapters which include headings to show which subject matter is required at each level as well as suggestions for practical follow-up work and helpful hints on examination technique. Num Pages: 225 pages, illustrations. BIC Classification: WNGH; WSNF. Category: (G) General (US: Trade); (XR) Revision / study guides. Dimension: 216 x 175 x 21. Weight in Grams: 570. . . . . . Books ship from the US and Ireland. Seller Inventory # V9780851316567
8. The Course Companion for BHS Stages 3 & 4 (Books for British Horse Society Examination)
Book Description J. A. Allen. PAPERBACK. Condition: New. 0851316565 Brand New ,Original Book , Direct from Source , Express 6-8 business days worldwide delivery. Seller Inventory # DG#II235370
9. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV (Books for British Horse Society Examination)
Book Description The Crowood Press Ltd, 1995. Condition: New. Seller Inventory # GH9780851316567
10. The Course Companion for BHS Stages III & IV (Books for British Horse Society Examination)
Book Description J.A.Allen & Co Ltd, 1999. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # ria9780851316567_rkm
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1. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 58 | P a g e Influence of Wall Position on Flow Characteristics of an Impinging Jet Pratik Tiwari, P. Mahathi, N. R. Choudhury and Vinayak Malhotra* (Department of Aerospace Engineering, SRM University, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA) ABSTRACT The study intends physical insight into heterogeneous phenomena of efflux from a small opening impinging on a surface. The work aims at understanding the role of wall location and orientation on flow characteristics of an impinging jet. Experiments were performed on an existing cascade tunnel with flow ejected at a velocity of 37 m/s from a small opening of (30 cm × 9 cm) and corresponding flow features were analyzed. Results show that outside the core region, the flow experiences a monotonic reduction with increase in distance along streamline and radial direction. The orientation of wall is more efficient in bringing substantial change when placed closer to the exit (low velocity losses). The wall orientation primarily governs the chances of strong flow deflection or back flow losses. Wall placed far away from exit results in diminishing returns with a critical value beyond which the flow characteristics become insensitive of wall orientation. Keywords - Efflux, shear interaction, vortices, wall jets, wall orientation, wall location. I. INTRODUCTION The study of jet efflux from a small opening is a phenomenon of practical and functional significance for space research activities. The subject involves mass and heat transfer and is widely characterized as: Free and Wall Jet. This classification is based on presence of a surface (i.e. wall) against the jet expelled. While in free jet configuration, jets exit a nozzle or tube into a stationary or moving fluid (same or different), wall jet refers to a stream of fluid blown normally or tangentially along a wall (subjected to position of wall). The free and wall jets are broadly encountered in nature and cover wide range of applications. Examples include aircraft gas turbine engines, liquid and solid rocket motors, boundary-layer separation control over a wing, film cooling on turbine blades, etc. In the wall jets, an efflux of liquid or gaseous when released against surface large amounts of mass and thermal energy transfers between the surface and the fluid takes place. Figure 1(a) shows the schematic of a free jet issued from a small opening. In free jet mode as the fluid moves downstream, it interacts with the surrounding fluid and its speed drops. Consequently, the efflux of jet rifts into two distinct regions viz., a region near the centerline where fluid interacts less with the surrounding medium and maintains nearly its initial speed some distance downstream. This region in which the speed is nearly that of the exit is termed as the potential core or the core region (see fig. 1(a) & (b)). The length of core region in jets under different conditions is a prominent factor. (a) (b) Figure 1: (a) Schematic of a free jet (b) Pictorial view of a free jet. Next is region outside the core where fluid comprehensively interacts with the surrounding fluid. This region is known as the entrainment region and it is identified by drastic change in flow characteristics (see Fig. 1(b)). The presence of a surface in front of a jet is very likely to alter the flow characteristics. This surface when placed at different locations and orientations will have significant implications. RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 59 | P a g e Following the classical work of Glauert (1956) highlighting the flow due to a jet spreading out over a plane surface. In the last five decades research works have contributed significantly to the advancement in understanding of the free jets. The contributions have been reported in several reviews like Gardon and Akfirat (1966), Kercher and Tabakoff (1970), Sparrow and Alhomoud (1984), Gau and Chung (1991), Gori and Bossi (2000). The works provide an excellent review on the developments up to the end of the century. In the last decade appreciable advancements have occurred. Roy and Patel (2003) studied the dominant fluid-thermal characteristics of a pair of rectangular air jets impinging on an inclined surface. Heat transfer modes and flow characteristics were studied with eight different Reynolds numbers ranging from 500 to 20000. Aldabbagha and Mohamadb (2009) carried out a three-dimensional numerical study to determine the flow and heat transfer characteristics of impinging laminar array of square jets on a moving surface. They stated that a rather complex flow field with horseshoe vortices formed around the first column of jets due to the cross flow created by the moving surface. The velocity ratio of the moving plate increases the cross flow as a result a ground vortex cannot form in front of the second and third column jets compared with the case of fix surface. In recently, Azam et al., (2013) studied pressure distributions and oil flow on the plate to figure out the flow structures for the rectangular nozzles by comparing three-dimensional calculations to the experiments. They investigated at three different aspect ratio under-expanded impinging jet issued from rectangular nozzle. The results stated that the flow is separated on the impinging plate from center point toward outside and that the flow on the plate avoids the high-pressure areas. San and Chen (2014) explored the effects of jet-to-jet spacing and jet height on heat transfer characteristics of an impinging jet array. Tiwari et al., (2014) carried out experiments to investigate the effect of wall location on flow characteristics of an impinging jet and the core region. The work showed that increase in centerline wall location enhances the velocity losses. Wall location near to exit causes strong deflection of flow resulting formation of vortices with prominent chances of back flow. Furthermore, for a fixed wall location, increase in radial distance enhances the velocity losses, but it results in diminishing returns beyond a critical value. Although much has been done but complexity of the problem has prevented a complete understanding due to interaction between flow, heat and mass transfer. Therefore, a systematic study is needed to understand mechanisms controlling the behavior of jets and their flow characteristics. In the light of above-mentioned works, the work primarily focuses on flow characteristics of an impinging jet against varying wall location and orientation. This aspect of jets is yet to be comprehensively explored. Hence, a systematic study is needed to understand mechanisms controlling the behavior of jets when impinging on a wall placed at different locations and orientations besides the one open to atmosphere or without any wall. The interest in this class of problems is specifically driven by the need to have better understanding of fluid and thermal characteristics of jets. To address the above mentioned issue, the present work 1. Experimentally explores the effects of surface location and orientation on flow characteristics of an impinging jet. 2. Analyzes the role of key controlling parameters. II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND SOLUTION METHODOLOGY A simple apparatus (Fig. 2(a)) was adapted for this study. The apparatus consisted of a) cascade tunnel (Fig. 2(b) base made of mild steel b) a Pitot tube (Fig. 2(a)) and c) Micro Manometer (Fig. 2(c)). The cascade tunnel issues a free air jet using a centrifugal blower with a velocity of 37 m/s. The efflux is from a small rectangular opening (dimensions 30 cm × 9 cm (Fig. 2(d)) into the air in a quiescent room. The flow characteristics are determined by establishing the pressure balance between dynamic pressure and the hydrostatic pressure. (a) (b) (c) Figure 2: Pictorial view of (a) complete experimental setup (b) side view of cascade tunnel (c) micro manometer.
3. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 60 | P a g e The dynamic pressure is measured using Pitot tube (exposed directly to the flow and stagnates it at surface measuring total pressure, the static holes are at the center and side of the tube measuring static pressure and the dynamic pressure is difference of the two pressures). The micro manometer calculates the hydrostatic pressure due to change in elevation of the fluid used (here distilled water) owing to different dynamic pressures under different conditions. The micro manometer exhibits an accuracy level of 0.001 cm height of the fluid and can measure the differential pressure up till the range of 300 mm of the used fluid. The dynamic pressure is equated to the hydrostatic pressure and the flow velocity (kinetic energy) is measured. It is important to note that all the readings were taken systematically in proper time interval and all the reading taken here represent the repeatability of results obtained. The wall used in the study is a rectangular cardboard surface with dimensions of 180 cm × 120 cm × 1 cm. The flow is turbulent and the effect was noted in fluctuations in the reading, so for every reading taken here the average repeated value with was accounted. The flow velocity is obtained by equating the dynamic head to pressure head obtained by the liquid height change as: 21 ( ) (1) 2 a l 1 oV g h h From equation (1), the flow velocity “V” is determined as: 2 ( ) (2)l 1 o a V g h h Where a Density of air (Kg/m3 ) l Density of water (Kg/m3 ) V Flow velocity (m/s) g Gravitational acceleration (m/s2 ) 0h Reading corresponding to zero differtial pressure 1 0h h Liquid head corresponding to the dynamic head Wϴ Wall orientation D Equivalent diameter of a circular exit (1D =18.54 cm) It is important to note that the density of liquid (here distilled water) depends on the place of use of the manometer (the atmospheric pressure and temperature at the time and place of use). While, the density of air can be calculated using the state relations for air for corresponding pressure and temperature. III. RESULTS A parametric experimental study was carried out to study the flow characteristics of a jet issued from a small opening and impinging on a wall placed normal at different locations and orientations. The effect was investigated by placing the wall placed at three different locations viz. far away from exit (18D & 15D), at an intermediate distance (10D) and at locations very close to exit (2D and 5D) and further varying orientation of wall in capacity of horizontal, vertical, 30o , 45o , 60o against the efflux. Here, „D‟ normalizes the streamline distance and all the readings were taken in folds of „D‟. It must be noted that „D‟ represents the equivalent diameter of a circular exit when compared to the exit of cascade tunnel (rectangular). First, the results obtained from the experimental setup were validated with the benchmark subject of flow characteristics of a free jet. Figure 3 shows the variation of normalized centerline velocity as a function of normalized streamline distance for a free jet. The exit velocities at different locations are normalized by maximum velocity (here, 37 m/s) and the streamline distance is normalized by the equivalent circular diameter „D‟. Results show that the flow characteristics exhibit a monotonically reducing behavior with increment in streamline distance. Figure 3: Variation of normalized centerline velocity as a function of normalized streamline distance for a free jet. Looking at the plot one can note that the as the jet exits the tunnel, there is drastic loss of flow velocity (kinetic energy) with increase in streamline distance. The core region is seen to extend till 3 units. Alongside the axial variation of a free jet, the variation of flow velocity in radial direction at various orientations (at differential of 5 mm) is investigated. Centreline distance (x/D) Vx/Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vx Centreline distance (x/D) Vx/Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax.
4. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 61 | P a g e Figure 4: Variation of normalized radial velocity as a function of radial distance for a free jet. Figure 4 shows the variation of normalized velocity with distance in radial direction at axial locations of 2D, 5D, 10D and 18D respectively. Interestingly, a trend similar to variation in axial direction is observed in radial direction as well. As expected, the flow velocity reduces with increase in radial distance subjected to width of core region (here noted as 3 cm). Looking at the profiles it was noticed that, when the reading is taken very close to exit (here 2D), the flow lies in core region and with increase in distance suddenly comes out of it and velocity falls drastically. When the same trend was introspected at 5D, the maximum velocity (here at centerline) was found lower than at 2D. However a sudden drop in radial velocity was noted beyond some distance as the flow moves out of core region. While, at an intermediate distance of 10D, the flow is already out of core regime and is in entrainment region thus an overall sudden drop in flow velocity is seen. Furthermore, as the distance in radial direction increases, unlike wall placed closer to exit, here flow velocity reports a gradual drop. Similarly, at location far away from exit (here 18D), the trend of maximum velocity being lower with axial distance is followed alongside the gradual drop in flow velocity with increase in radial distance. The reason for above mentioned changes in axial and radial direction can be attributed to the shear interaction with surroundings leading to strong energy conversions. The length and width of core region dictates the velocity loss at different positions. Since from the results obtained it is evident that the experimental setup predicts correct results as preceding theories substantiates, the study was extended to investigate the effect of presence of a wall at different axial locations and orientations on flow characteristics. First the wall was placed in centerline against the flow at three different locations viz., very near to exit (5D), at an intermediate distance (10D), at a location far away from the exit (18D) in capacity of horizontal, vertical, 30o , 60o , 90o orientations respectively. Figure 5 shows variation of normalized centerline velocity as a function of wall location and orientation in comparison to maximum velocity. One can note that, when the wall is located far from exit (see Fig. 5(a)) with increment in orientation the velocity reduces. The centerline velocity at 18D is seen lower than maximum indicating the loss of kinetic energy. (a) (b) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 x = 5D 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 x = 2D 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 x = 10D 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 x = 15D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 45o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 60 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W= 90 o Wall = 18D Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W = 0 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 30o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W= 0o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W= 30o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W = 45o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W = 60o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 W = 90 o 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Vcmax. Wall = 10D
5. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 62 | P a g e (c) Figure 5: Variation of normalized centerline velocity as a function of wall orientation for wall located at (a) 18D (b) 10D (c) 5D. This loss of flow velocity is more when the wall is placed in vertical orientation however when kept horizontal or closer (here till 30o ) the effect more or less is same. This dictates that up to a fixed wall orientation the effect of shear interaction is within a closer range but as wall orientation changes beyond to vertical, it behaves as a case of free jet and significant losses are noted. Increased wall orientation increases the induced loss in flow velocity. Interestingly, at certain centerline distance the velocity profiles converges to corroborate the loss. For present case, till centerline distance of 3 units, the flow velocity loss is lower for all profiles indicating the presence of core region. Following the core region, further increment results sharp drop in velocity profiles. In this work, we refer to the point up-till which the core region exist in streamline direction as “VRM-PPT point” (Here 3 units= ~ 55 cm). A trend almost similar to far located wall (18D) is noted at a location of 10D. Beyond “VRM-PPT point” sharp drop in flow velocities is noted. The flow profiles are seen merging at centerline distance of 4 units. However, in this case when wall is placed parallel or is in vertical orientation to the flow the loss is lower than wall orientation in the range of (0- 30o ). For wall located at 10D the applicability of the flow can be more when wall is close to or vertically oriented. For the case when wall is located closer to exit (5D), the study was extended only for two orientations viz., horizontal and 30o . Expectedly, the centerline velocity is more and the flow is mainly confided in the core region. A crossover in flow velocity profiles is noted at a streamline distance of 1.5 cm. Here, the results strongly pronounce that when wall is located far away and orientated in range of horizontal, the tangential component of flow velocity can be effectively used for engineering applications. However, when placed closer flow gets deflected, there are strong chances of flow getting back so safety needs to be ensured especially in cases such as liquid and solid rocket motors where exhaust comes out at very high velocity. This engineering aspect can be widely used in applications ranging from heating, cooling to engineering where preceding designs are not sufficient. To understand the results in Figure 5, we next explore the effect of varying wall location for fixed orientations on centerline velocity. Figure 6 shows variation of normalized centerline velocity as a function of streamline distance for varying wall location and fixed orientation. (a) (b) 0 1 2 3 4 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 W = 0 o 0 1 2 3 4 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 W = 30o Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 1 2 3 4 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 Vcmax. Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 18D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 10D Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Vcmax. Horizontal orientation 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 10D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D Wall orientation = 30 o Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax.
6. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 63 | P a g e (c) (d) (e) Figure 6: Variation of normalized centreline velocity as a function of wall location at different orientations (a) Horizontal (b) 30o (c) 45o (d) 60o (e) Vertical All the profiles are in comparison to maximum centerline velocity. One can note that, for all fixed orientations as location of wall increases the loss in flow velocity increases. One can note that the wall placed closer to exit have more centerline velocity than the one placed far away. However, beyond “VRM-PPT point” all profiles fall drastically. When placed closer, the losses are low but when wall is placed far away the losses increases significantly. It is interesting to note that the flow velocity profiles for wall locations of 10D and 18D are close to each other and that loss of velocity at 18D is significantly lesser than at 10D till wall orientation is 30o. However, beyond orientation of 45o the profiles are seen to merge with each other. All profiles are seen to merge at centerline distance of 14 Units. For vertical orientation of wall, the loss in flow velocity is less for 10D as compared to 18D. The reason for this can be attributed to the shear interaction of flow as it starts expanding. The vortices formation when wall is placed at an orientation increases the flow losses. (a) (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 10D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall orientation = 45 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 18D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 10D Centreline distance (x/D) Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Vcmax. Wall orientation = 60 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 18D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Wall = 10D Wall orientation = Vertical Vx /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 0o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 30o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 45o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 60 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 90 o Wall = 18D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 0 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 30 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 45 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 60 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 90 o Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall = 10D
7. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 64 | P a g e (c) Figure 7: Variation of normalized radial velocity at orientation of 4D as a function of streamline wall orientation (a) 18D (b) 10D (c) 5D. Next, the effect of wall orientation on radial component of flow velocity is explored. The wall was placed at axial locations of 5D, 10D and 18D. Figure 7 shows variation of normalized radial component of velocity as a function of radial distance for varying wall location and orientations. The effect in radial direction is catapulted to a distance of 20 cm at axial orientation of 4D for all the profiles. Looking at the profiles, one can note that beyond radial distance of 3 cm, the velocity profiles for different wall orientations exhibits drastic drop in kinetic energy similar to the centreline variation. As expected, the rate of reduction in flow velocity is more when wall is placed far away (here 10D and 18D). For all the profiles, a gradual drop till “VRM-PPT” and then sharp drop is noted. It is interesting to note that when wall is placed far away, the loss at a fixed location is more when placed horizontal. However, as the location of wall reduces, the loss due to horizontal orientation is found minimum. Wall locations of 18D and 10D almost follows same trend showing insensitiveness beyond a critical value. Almost similar trend is observed at wall locations of 30o . Beyond a certain orientation (here 30o ) the losses are insignificant to the wall orientation as most of the profiles looks similar and follows same trend. In the last part, the wall locations were kept fixed and orientations were varied and effect on radial component was investigated. Furthermore, to het a holistic understanding, next we fix the wall orientation and analyze the effect of wall location on flow energy. Figure 8 shows variation of normalized radial velocity as a function of radial distance for varying wall location and fixed orientation. All velocity profiles are determined at axial location of 4D. As seen in Fig.7, beyond an orientation of 30o the significant change in velocity profiles is not noted. Wall when placed at 18D at different orientations shows that, at an orientation of 30o maximum reduction in velocity is noted followed by horizontal. One can also note that wall when placed at 45o , 60o , 90o almost follows similar profiles. The velocity profiles were also compared for vertical and horizontal orientations and it was observed that the loss in velocity with horizontal orientation is less than vertical. Furthermore at a radial distance of 14 cm and above profiles are seen merging. The velocity profiles for 10D and 18D were found to merge with each other indicating that beyond a certain distance the velocity change is insensitive to wall orientation. At a faraway distance of 13 mm all the velocity profiles are seen converging to a common value indicating a peculiar point of identical velocity loss. (a) (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 30o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 W = 0 o Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall orientation = 0 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D Wall orientation = 30o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 5D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax.
8. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 65 | P a g e (c) (d) (e) Figure 8: Variation of normalized radial velocity at radial location of 4D as a function of streamline wall location at different orientations (a) Horizontal (b) 30o (c) 45o (d) 60o (e) Vertical IV. CONCLUSIONS An experimental exploration was carried out to understand the effects of wall orientation on flow characteristics of a free jet. The results predicted by existing experimental setup were validated with benchmark preceding free jet theory and extended further to note the implications of wall orientation. Based on results obtained following conclusions may be drawn from this study: The increase in wall orientation axially, enhances the velocity losses beyond a critical distance (i.e., core region). The orientation of wall near to exit results in low velocity losses and consequently strong deflection of flow resulting formation of vortices with more chances of back flow. For a fixed wall orientation, increase in radial distance enhances the velocity losses, but it results in diminishing returns beyond a critical value indicating insensitiveness of wall orientation after a certain distance. REFERENCES [1] M. B. Glauert., “The wall jet,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, pp. 625–643, 1956. [2] Gardon. R., Akfirat J. C., “Heat transfer characteristics of impinging two dimensional air jets,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 88, 101-108, 1966. [3] Kercher. D. M., Tabakoff, W., “Heat Transfer by a Square Array of Round Air Jets Impinging Perpendicular to a Flat Surface Including the Effect of Spent Air,” J. Eng. Power, 92, 73-82, 1970. [4] Martin H., “Heat and mass transfer between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces,” Adv. in Heat Transfer, 13, 1-60, 1977. [5] Sparrow, E.M., Alhomoud, A., “Impingement heat transfer at a circular cylinder due to an offset or non offset slot jet,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 27, 2297- 2307, 1984. [6] Gau, C., Chung, C.M., “Surface curvature effect on slot-air-jet impingement cooling flow and heat transfer process,” Journal of Heat Transfer, 113, 858-864, 1991. [7] Gori, F., Bossi, L., “On the cooling effect of an air jet along the surface of a cylinder,” Int. Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 27, 667-676, 2000. [8] Roy, S., Patel, P., “Study of heat transfer for a pair of rectangular jets impinging on an inclined surface,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46, 411-425, 2003. [9] Aldabbagha, L.B.Y., Mohamadb, A.A., “A three-dimensional numerical simulation of impinging jet arrays on a moving plate,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 52, 4894 -4900, 2009. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall orientation = 45o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax. Wall orientation = 60 o 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D(90o ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 18D(0 o ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D(90 o ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 10D(0 o ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Wall = 5D(0o ) Radial distance (cm) Vy /Vcmax. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Vcmax.
9. Pratik Tiwari et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 6), March 2014, pp.58-66 www.ijera.com 66 | P a g e [10] Azam, R., Ozono, H., Yaga, M., Teruya, I., Ishikawac, M., “Study on Under expanded Impinging Jet Issued from Rectangular Nozzle,”5th BSME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, 56, 269-274, 2013. [11] San, Jung-Yang., Chen, Jenq-Jye., “Effects of jet-to-jet spacing and jet height on heat transfer characteristics of an impinging jet array,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 71, 8- 17, 2014. [12] Tiwari, Pratik., Mahathi, P., Choudhury, N.R., Malhotra, V., “Effects of wall orientation on flow characteristics of an impinging jet,” Proc. Int. conference on recent trends in engineering and technology, Cochin, Kerala, January 18-19, 2014.
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Patent US6374230 - Method, apparatus and program for customizing credit accounts - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn apparatus, method, and program for customizing credit accounts and calculating an appropriate price for this customization. Customers with existing credit accounts and parameters of their accounts, in exchange for a fee to be collected by the credit issuser. The fee may depend on the particular set...http://www.google.com/patents/US6374230?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6374230 - Method, apparatus and program for customizing credit accountsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6374230 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/365,644Publication dateApr 16, 2002Filing dateAug 2, 1999Priority dateMar 12, 1997Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS5970478, US8001043Publication number09365644, 365644, US 6374230 B1, US 6374230B1, US-B1-6374230, US6374230 B1, US6374230B1InventorsJay S. Walker, James A. JoraschOriginal AssigneeWalker Digital, LlcExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (32), Referenced by (219), Classifications (25), Legal Events (14) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod, apparatus and program for customizing credit accounts
US 6374230 B1Abstract
An apparatus, method, and program for customizing credit accounts and calculating an appropriate price for this customization. Customers with existing credit accounts and parameters of their accounts, in exchange for a fee to be collected by the credit issuser. The fee may depend on the particular set of parameters selected by the customer.
We claim: 1. A method for negotiating parameters of a credit account, the method comprising:
receiving a request for a desired credit account, the request including at least a first requested account parameter; comparing the at least first requested account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account responsive to the request; and submitting a proposal to a customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a customer acceptance of the proposal. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a customer denial of the proposal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the request further comprises a set of customer information.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the price for the proposed credit account is calculated based on the at least one available account parameter and the set of customer information.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of customer information comprises an account identifier that specifies a pre-existing credit account.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the price for the proposed credit account is calculated based on the at least one available account parameter.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the price for the proposed credit account includes a monetary inducement to the customer.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first requested account parameter is selected from at least the following parameters: (i) a desired credit limit; (ii) a desired interest rate; and (iii) a desired time period.
10. The method of claim 4, further comprising retrieving customer parameters corresponding to the customer information.
11. The method of claim 4, further comprising retrieving credit history information for a person identified by the customer information, the method further comprising the step of:
calculating the price based upon the credit history information. 12. A data processing apparatus for negotiating terms of a credit account with a customer, wherein the customer requests a desired credit account having at least a first customer-selected account parameter, comprising:
a memory storing a program; a processor in communication with the memory; wherein the processor is directed by the program to: compare the at least first customer-selected account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account responsive to the customer request; and forward a proposal to the customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account, wherein the price is based in part upon the at least first customer-selected parameter. 13. An apparatus for negotiating terms of a credit account with a customer, wherein the customer requests a desired credit account, comprising:
means for receiving a customer message containing information regarding the desired credit account including at least a first customer-selected account parameter; means for comparing the at least first customer-selected account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account having the at least first customer-selected account parameter; and means for forwarding a proposal to the customer, the proposal including a price for the proposed credit account; wherein the price is based in part upon the at least first customer-selected parameter. 14. A computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions that direct a microprocessor to:
receive a request for a desired credit account from a customer, the request including at least a first requested account parameter; compare the at least first requested account parameter with a set of available parameters to calculate a price for a proposed credit account having the at least first requested account parameter; and submit a proposal to the customer, the proposal including the price for the proposed credit account.
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/815,224 filed Mar. 12, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,478.
The present invention relates generally to the field of credit accounts. More specifically, it relates to a method, apparatus, and program for modifying the terms of existing credit accounts and customizing the terms of new credit accounts to meet specific customer needs.
Credit accounts are widely used throughout the world for non-cash payments for goods and services. Typically, the authorized user of the account is issued a card and account number that can be used to charge purchases to his account. The credit card issuer (e.g., a bank) pays the merchant, and the card holder then pays the card issuer. The issuer's revenues are received by charging the merchant a fee for each transaction, and charging the card holder periodic fees and interest on unpaid balances.
From the card issuer's perspective, issuing credit cards can be a very profitable business. A good customer can generate hundreds of dollars of revenue per year. As a result, card issuers want to keep as many of their customers as they can. This is especially true for their best customers. Card issuers also want to attract new customers, in the hopes of generating additional revenue.
Credit card issuers have traditionally tried to attract new customers by advertising in banks and places of business, and by sending offers to potential customers by mail. The terms (or parameters) of these offers vary. For example, various credit card accounts offer different combinations of interest rates, credit limits, and annual fees. Many of these offers promise the customer a low introductory interest rate for a relatively short period of time, such as six months. Other offers promise rewards for card usage such as rebates on products (e.g., GENERAL MOTORS), cash rebates (e.g., DISCOVER), or frequent flyer miles (e.g., AMERICAN AIRLINES/CITIBANK). Until now, credit card issuers have typically relied on this relatively limited range of product differentiation in combination with traditional advertising to distinguish their accounts from competitor's offerings. To the best of our knowledge, credit card issuers have never tried to attract new customers by offering customizable accounts, in which the customer is free to choose the terms of the account, as a means to distinguish their product from the competition.
Perhaps more importantly, credit card issuers have never offered customizable accounts to retain existing customers that are about to switch to a competitor's card. In fact, until now, no effective way has been devised for a credit card issuer to retain an existing customer who is about to switch to a competitor's card.
The existing mechanisms for retaining customers are very limited. In certain cases, banks have been known to waive an annual fee at the request of a card holder, or even reduce the interest rate of an account. But these cases are relatively rare, and there are no automated mechanisms known to us for determining when and how to make an adjustment to the account terms in order to retain a customer.
In addition to the problems faced by the credit card issuers, customers (i.e., the card holders) face a separate set of problems. Customers with good credit histories often receive numerous offerings to sign up for new credit cards. But while customers are free to seek out an account with terms that they desire, customers have always been faced with a yes/no decision for each account—there is no way to specify the exact parameters desired. The customers' freedom to change the terms of existing accounts is even more severely limited, as described above. In fact, under the existing system, it is impossible for certain customers to obtain all of the account terms that they desire.
While a customer can obtain new terms by switching to a new account, this can cause inconvenience in a number of ways. First, the customer is inconvenienced by applying for the new account and closing the old account. Second, the customer is inconvenienced because he must switch any automatic payments that he has authorized (e.g., payment of his utility bill) to the new account. Third, if the card holder neglects to switch an automatic payment, he may be inconvenienced or embarrassed by interrupted service or delivery of an item that he expects to receive. Further, because the terms of the new account are predetermined, the customer may not be happy even after he has switched to a new account. The new account may not have the type of credit terms that he wants.
For customers with bad credit, the situation is even worse. While customers with good credit histories are able to switch to new accounts, customers with poor credit histories may be unable to qualify for the standard terms of any credit card issuer. As a result, the customer is unable to open a new account, and is forced to continue with the terms of his existing accounts. Worse yet, customers with weak financial credentials may be unable to qualify for any credit card. This can have significant drawbacks when trying to obtain goods or services typically available only with the use of a credit card, such as renting a car. Not having a credit card can also preclude many forms of commerce now widely practiced, such as ordering merchandise by telephone. Indeed, the desirability of having credit cards will only increase with the growth of commerce over the Internet, a medium in which physical exchanges of currency are not possible.
One aspect of the invention is a data processing apparatus for pricing a credit account having at least one customer-specified credit parameter. This apparatus includes a CPU and a memory containing a program, to be executed by the CPU, for receiving the credit parameters and calculating a price for a corresponding credit account.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of pricing a credit account having at least one specified credit parameter. The method includes the steps of receiving the credit parameters, calculating a price for a corresponding credit account, and outputting the price.
Other aspects of the invention include a computer program and an apparatus corresponding to the method described above, and an embodiment using a central controller and a number of agent terminals. Additional aspects of the invention are directed to the central controller and the agent terminal individually.
The invention provides numerous advantages to both credit card issuers and credit card holders, by providing a method, apparatus, and program for customizing the terms of credit accounts, for both new and existing customers.
The invention benefits credit card issuers because it enables them to attract new customers by offering customized credit card accounts that meet the customer's needs. It may even be used to attract new customers that might not be able to qualify for credit cards with more traditional terms. For example, a card issuer may be willing to issue a credit card with a low credit limit and a high annual fee to people with poor credit histories.
The invention also benefits credit card issuers by enabling them to retain existing customers and reduce account attrition. If a customer calls to cancel his account, the card issuer may be able to rewrite the terms of the customer's existing account and thereby entice him to stay.
The invention also benefits credit card issuers by providing them with an opportunity to charge a fee for changing the terms of a customer's account.
By enabling the card issuers to attract new customers and retain existing customers, the invention can provide the card issuer with more opportunities to make a profit. This is particularly important when the invention is used to retain customers that generate large profits for the card issuer.
The invention benefits credit card holders by enabling them to find a card with credit terms that they desire, and to modify those terms as their needs change. For example, the invention can be used by a card holder who is worried about rising interest rates to lock in a fixed interest rate for a given period of time.
The invention also benefits credit card holders by eliminating the problems, described above, of switching to a new card to obtain credit terms that they need.
Further advantages and features of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon an examination of the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall system block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the central controller of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the agent terminal of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a table depicting a preferred set of fields for the parameter database of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a table depicting a preferred set of fields for the customer database of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting initiation of account customization in the agent terminal.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting the operation of the central controller.
FIG. 1 depicts the flow of information for customizing a pre-existing credit card account in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, a bank central controller 20 is linked to at least one bank agent terminal 30. Although a single agent terminal is depicted in FIG. 1, any number of agent terminals can be used. The link between each agent terminal 30 and the central controller need not be a physical link—each can, for example, be linked via modem, as described below, or any other appropriate communications channel. A transaction can be initiated from any one of the agent terminals 30. The information required to implement the transaction is passed between the agent terminal 30 and the central controller 20, until the transaction is complete.
The system depicted in FIG. 1 may be embodied in hardware specifically provided to implement the present invention. Alternatively, the system may be implemented using hardware and infrastructure that may already exist to link terminals in banks (or other locations) to a central controller being used for other purposes. Existing central controllers may be modified to incorporate the present invention in various ways, such as by adding an additional file server (with or without a CPU dedicated to credit card customizing transactions). Alternatively, the present invention may be implemented using existing hardware entirely, by making appropriate software updates at an existing central controller and existing agent terminals,in accordance with the present invention as taught below.
Alternatively, although not so depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, a stand-alone system can be implemented in a single location by combining the functions of the agent terminal and the central controller, and eliminating the communication links and redundant hardware.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preferred central controller 20. The central controller includes a CPU 21 that performs the processing functions of the controller. It also includes a read only memory 22 (ROM) and a random access memory 23 (RAM). The ROM 22 is used to store at least some of the program instructions that are to be executed by the CPU 21, such as portions of the operating system or BIOS, and the RAM. 23 is used for temporary storage of data. A clock circuit 24 provides a clock signal, which is required by the CPU 21. The use of a CPU in conjunction with ROM, RAM, and a clock circuit is well known to those skilled in the art of CPU-based electronic circuit design.
CPU 21 can also store information to, and read information from, a data storage device 27. This data storage device 27 includes a parameter database 27 a and a customer database 27 b, which are described below. In addition, it includes a program 27 c, which can be read and executed by the CPU 21, thereby controlling the operation of the central controller 20. While FIG. 2 depicts separate parameter and customer databases, a single database that incorporates both of those sets of data can also be used.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a preferred agent terminal 30, which can be located at a bank branch or office, by way of example. As discussed above, there can be any number of agent terminals 30 linked up to one central controller 20. Like the central controller 20 described above, the agent terminal 30 includes a CPU 31, ROM 32, RAM 33, and a clock circuit 34. The agent terminal 30 also includes a communication port 35 which interfaces with a modem 36 that facilitates communication between the agent terminal 30 and the central controller 20. Of course, instead of the modem 36 depicted in FIG. 3, methods of communication can be used, as described above for the central controller 20. A standard computer, such as an IBM-compatible PC or an Apple Macintosh, running appropriate software, may be used as the agent terminal. Existing terminals, currently being used for other functions in banks, may also be used.
The agent terminal 30 also includes an input device in the form of a keyboard 40 and a mouse 41, connected to receive input from an operator. Any of a wide variety of alternative input devices would also be suitable for this purpose (including, for example, touchscreens, digitizing tablets, trackballs, and the like). The input device may interface directly with the CPU 31, as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, an appropriate interface circuit may be placed between the CPU 31 and the input device.
The agent terminal 30 also includes a video monitor 39 for conveying information to the operator. While the preferred video monitor 39 is a CRT, other video display devices, including LCD, LED, and thin film transistor panels, may be used as well. Individual indicators may also be used to convey information to the operator, including incandescent and neon lamps, LEDs, and the like. A video driver 38 interfaces the CPU 31 to the video monitor 39 (or to any other type of video display device).
The agent terminal 30 also includes a data storage device 37, in which a program 37 c is stored. This program includes instructions that can be read by and executed by the CPU 31, thereby controlling the operation of the agent terminal 30.
FIG. 6 depicts the initiation of a transaction at an agent terminal. The steps of the process of FIG. 6 are performed at an agent terminal 30 (which, along with other hardware described below, is depicted in FIG. 3). These steps may be implemented in a computer program that may be installed at the agent terminal 30 from, for example, a computer readable medium (such as a floppy disk or CD-ROM) and then stored in the data storage device 37 (such as a hard disk drive). After being installed, the program 37 c can run from the data storage device 37. Alternatively, the program 37 c can run directly from the computer readable medium. As yet another alternative, not shown in the figures, the computer program may be installed at the central controller 20 from a computer readable medium and then stored therein in one or more of ROM memory 22, RAM memory 23 and the data storage device 27, for access and use by the agent terminals as required.
The process starts when a customer contacts a bank agent in step S1. The customer provides customer information in step S2. Preferably, this customer information includes an account identifier that uniquely specifies a particular credit card account. The customer selects the new credit card parameters that he wants to have in step S3. These parameters include, for example, the interest rate, credit limit and monthly minimum payment. This information is entered by the bank agent into the agent terminal 30 in step S4. The credit card parameters and the customer information are then transmitted to the central controller 20 in step S5. Alternatively, the information can be entered by the customer directly into a suitable terminal. Each of the steps S1-S5 described above is executed by the CPU 31, which executes a program 37 c stored in the data storage device 37. The communication with the central controller 20 takes place via the communication port 35 and the modem 36.
FIG. 4 depicts a preferred set of parameters pertaining to each credit account. These parameters are stored in the parameter database 27 a. When the customer selects the parameters in step S3 of FIG. 6, he selects from the available parameters. The preferred parameters include: the interest rate that is charged on unpaid balances; the time period of the interest rate, which is the amount of time for which the interest rate must remain fixed; the monthly minimum payment, which will typically be a percentage of the outstanding balance; the credit limit, which is the maximum amount of credit that the issuer will extend to the card holder; the grace period, which is a period following a purchase during which interest does not accrue; payment amnesty, which records the number of times a customer is permitted to skip a monthly payment which is inconvenient to pay; and a late fee, which is a fee that is charged when a customer do not pay his bill on time.
Parameter database 27 a is preferably indexed by the account identifier, linking parameter database 27 a with customer database 27 b. Of course, the invention is not limited to the parameters described above, and alternative parameters may be used.
FIG. 7. is a flowchart of the operation of the central controller 20 (which, along with other hardware described below, is depicted in FIG. 2). The steps of the process shown in FIG. 7 may be implemented in a computer program 27 c that may be installed at the central controller 20 from a computer readable medium and then stored therein in the data storage device 27. Alternatively, the program 27 c may be installed in the ROM 22 or the RAM 23.
First, in step S11, the central controller 20 receives the credit card parameters and customer parameters that were transmitted from the agent terminal 30. The central controller 20 retrieves the customer parameters corresponding to the received customer information (which is preferably an account identifier) in step S12. These retrieved customer parameters are preferably stored in the customer database 27 b. A preferred set of customer parameters for existing customers is depicted in FIG. 5. These parameters are stored in customer database 27 b. This set includes each customer's name and address; an account identifier (such as a credit card number); social security number (which is commonly used to identify individuals on their credit history records); the account balance (indicating the amount of money that the customer owes to the card issuer); and a customer rating. The customer rating rates the credit of the customer. This could be based on a customer's past payment history for the account in question. Alternatively, it could be based on information obtained from a credit reporting agency such as TRW or EQUIFAX. The credit rating could also be based on other factors such as the customer's income. A three-level customer rating of good, average, and bad may be established based on any of the above-mentioned factors, and then stored in the customer database 27 b. Of course, the invention is not limited to the parameters described above, and alternative parameters may be used.
Returning now to FIG. 7, the central controller 20 then calculates the price of modifying the account in step S13 based on the credit card parameters received from the agent terminal along with the customer parameters from the customer database 27 b. For example, a customer requesting a lower interest rate and lower minimum payments might be charged a fee of twenty dollars.
One example of calculating a price based on some of these parameters, and the effects of each of those parameters on the price, is described below.
(1) The interest rate: Decreasing the interest rate on the card will result in less revenue for the card issuer, so the customer will have to pay a premium for lowering the interest rate. A base price due to the change in interest rate can be computed by multiplying the decrease in interest rate by the expected average monthly balance for the customer by the expected life of the customer.
For example, a customer who wants to lower his interest rate by 2%, and who carries an average balance of $500, and who has an expected customer life of 3 years, will result in the following base:
Base=2%×$500×3=$30
(2) The time period of the interest rate: Interest rates which are fixed over a long period of time will result in greater exposure to adverse changes in market rates, therefore the price for changing parameters will increase as the length of the fixed period of coverage increases. The following multipliers for example may be used:
(3) The monthly minimum payments: Smaller minimum payments will tend to increase the risk of default, which will raise the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Payments lower by 30%
Payments stays the same
Payments increase by 30%
(4) The credit limit: Higher credit limits will tend to increase the risk of default, which will raise the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Decrease limit by 50%
Decrease limit by 25%
Limit stays the same
Increase limit by 25%
Increase limit by 50%
(5) The grace period: Since the card issuer does not collect interest during the grace period, extending it will require an increase in the price. The following multipliers for example may be used:
Extend by 2 weeks
Extend by 1 month
Extend by 2 months
A sample calculation, using these parameters, will now be described for a hypothetical customer who wants to change the parameters of an existing account. This customer wants to lower the interest rate by 2%, lock the rate in for 1 year, increase his monthly payment by 30%, decrease his credit limit by 25%, and extend his grace period by 1 month.
Base=2%×$500×3=$30 (as calculated above)
Adjustment=120%×80%×80%×125%=96%
Price=Base×Adjustment=$30×96%=$28.80
Where no adjustment to the interest rate is requested, the base cost of the change will take a different form; for example a fixed-price processing fee, or a predetermined percentage of the average monthly payment or average monthly balance.
While the calculation described above uses a simple product of various parameters, numerous other formulae may be used to arrive at a suitable price.
The price calculated based on the credit parameters may also be modified by customer parameters, such as the customer rating from the customer database (shown in FIG. 5). For example, the price may be tripled for customers with a bad credit rating, doubled for customers with an average credit rating, and left unchanged for customers with a good credit rating.
Once the price information has been calculated, it is transmitted to the customer in step S14.
In some instances, the price of modifying the account may be zero. For example, if a customer wants to increase his minimum monthly payments by 30%, the credit card company may modify his account for free. A card issuer may even be willing to pay a customer to change the terms of his account when the new terms are more profitable for the issuer. Thus, the phrase “calculating the price”, or equivalent phraseology used herein to describe an exchange of value for a change in credit terms, contemplates not only the computation of a price to be paid by the customer, but also circumstances in which the price or fee may be zero, or even where the credit issuer may provide a payment or credit to the customer for accepting new terms more favorable to the credit issuer.
After the price information is transmitted to the customer in step S14, the customer decides whether the price is acceptable in step S15. If he accepts the price for modifying his account, the system can process the sale by charging the customer's credit card, in step S16. This charging can be initiated by the central controller 20, (or by the agent terminal 30) using traditional credit card transaction procedures, such as those commonly used in retail stores. Transactions processed through the agent terminal 30 may be carried out using the same modem 36 that is used to communicate with the central controller 20. Alternatively, an additional modem (not shown) may be included in the agent terminal 30 to process the credit card transactions.
Of course, alternate methods of payment may be used instead of payment by credit card, including payment by cash, check, debit card, and the like. Alternatively, the bank may bill the customer for the price of modifying his account.
Finally, the customer database 27 b is modified to reflect the new account parameters in step S17. If the customer decides that the account price is not acceptable during step S15, the customer is given a chance to revise the initially selected credit card parameters in step S18. By trading off the various parameters against each other, the customer may be able to find terms that are suitable. After the customer revises the credit card parameters, the new credit card parameters are processed by the system in the same way as the original credit card parameters to generate a new price.
The processes depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7 are described above in the context of customizing existing accounts. In this situation, the pre-existing parameters of the existing account may be used in the computation of the price for setting up an account having the new set of parameters.
A similar process may be performed, with appropriate modifications, when a new account is being opened. In particular, in FIG. 6, because there is no pre-existing account, a credit card number can not be used as the customer identifier. Accordingly, a customer identifier such as a social security number, a name and address, or the like may be substituted for the credit card number. Similarly, in FIG. 7, instead of retrieving customer parameters corresponding to the credit card number, the central controller may retrieve credit history information from a credit bureau (such as TRW or EQUIFAX) using the customer identifier. Finally, because there are no pre-existing credit parameters, the price for opening a new account can not be based on those parameters. Accordingly, a set of standard parameters, which the card issuer would otherwise use for a standard account with no fees, may serve as the existing parameters.
There has thus been provided a method, apparatus, and program that enables banks to offer credit card accounts with terms that can be modified to meet each customer's needs. The invention will enable card issuers to distinguish their services and products from those of their competitors. The invention accommodates these ends in a manner that maintains the profitability of the account for the bank, while meeting the changing financial needs of the customer.
In practice, the present invention will not just create a more valuable product for the customer. It will also enable the bank to maintain customers who might otherwise be tempted to leave for other credit card programs, and to attract customers who might otherwise establish an account with another bank.
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associated with a prepaid cardWO2005010679A3 *Jul 14, 2004May 19, 2005American Express Travel RelateSystem and method for activating or changing the status of an account associated with a prepaid card* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification705/35, 705/17International ClassificationG06Q20/20, G06Q40/00, G06Q30/02, G06Q20/18, G06Q20/10, G06Q20/04, G07F19/00Cooperative ClassificationG06Q20/18, G06Q20/10, G06Q40/00, G07F19/20, G06Q30/02, G06Q20/04, G06Q20/204, G06Q40/025European ClassificationG06Q30/02, G06Q20/18, G06Q20/04, G07F19/20, G06Q40/025, G06Q20/204, G06Q20/10, G06Q40/00Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 30, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC., CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010648/0653Effective date: 19991130Owner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.,CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010648/0653Effective date: 19991130Dec 5, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: JAY WALKER, CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011277/0178Effective date: 20001201Owner name: JAY WALKER,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011277/0178Effective date: 20001201Dec 21, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: GAP-WD HOLDINGS, INC., CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.;REEL/FRAME:011399/0501Effective date: 20001208Owner name: GAP-WD HOLDINGS, INC.,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC.;REEL/FRAME:011399/0501Effective date: 20001208May 31, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER, JAY, CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011874/0792Effective date: 20010531Owner name: WALKER, JAY,CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:011874/0792Effective date: 20010531Feb 13, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: JSW INVESTMENTS, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:013740/0219Effective date: 20021226Jun 27, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JSW INVESTMENTS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:017783/0080Effective date: 20050527Sep 23, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 6, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JSW INVESTMENTS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:018668/0615Effective date: 20050527Jan 27, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: RELEASE OF LIEN;ASSIGNOR:GAP-WD HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017073/0445Effective date: 20060125Owner name: WALKER DIGITAL, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: RELEASE OF LIEN;ASSIGNOR:WALKER, JAY;REEL/FRAME:017073/0477Effective date: 20060125Sep 16, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 16, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Aug 8, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: IGT, NEVADAFree format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNORS:WALKER DIGITAL GAMING, LLC;WALKER DIGITAL GAMING HOLDING, LLC;WDG EQUITY, LLC;ANDOTHERS;REEL/FRAME:033501/0023Effective date: 20090810May 26, 2015ASAssignmentOwner name: WALKER ASSET MANAGEMENT LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, CONNEFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WALKER, JAY S.;JORASCH, JAMES A.;REEL/FRAME:035713/0182Effective date: 19970310Owner name: INVENTOR HOLDINGS, LLC, CONNECTICUTFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALKER DIGITAL, LLC;REEL/FRAME:035713/0508Effective date: 20131101Jul 7, 2016ASAssignmentOwner name: PAYPAL, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INVENTOR HOLDINGS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:039277/0523Effective date: 20160610RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS 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Curver 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver: Amazon.co.uk: Kitchen & Home
£28.22 + FREE UK delivery
4.2 out of 5 stars 1,450 customer reviews
#1 Best Sellerin Indoor Dustbins
Price: £28.22 FREE UK delivery.
You Save: £21.77 (44%)
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Metal effect design
£28.22 FREE UK delivery. In stock. Dispatched from and sold by LightingandMobileAccessoriesUK.
This item:Curver 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver £28.22
20 x Lakeland Tie Top Swing Bin Liners, 40 Litres £3.49
20 x Lakeland Tie Top Swing Bin Liners, 40 Litres
simplehuman - Code J, Custom Fit Bin Liners, 20 Pack - 30-45 Litre’
3L Silver Pedal Bin Stainless Steel Kitchen Bathroom Toilet Rubbish
Model Number 177729
Product Dimensions 34.9 x 28.2 x 68 cm
ASIN B003N9CM7Y
Customer Reviews 4.2 out of 5 stars 1,449 customer reviews
Best Sellers Rank 156 in Home & Kitchen (See top 100)
#1 in Home & Kitchen > Cooking & Dining > Kitchen Storage & Organisation > Waste & Recycling > Indoor Dustbins
#55 in Home & Kitchen > Laundry, Storage & Organisation
This item: 177729 Metal Effect One Touch Deco Bin, 40 L - Silver
"Deco" Waste Bin, Black/Silver Metallic, 20 Litre
5.0 out of 5 starsLovely bin
ByShenizon 5 January 2017
Size: 1 - Pack|Verified Purchase
I had this bin before and I needed to buy it again. The bin is lightweight and great addition to any modern looking kitchen. It's not very large which is what makes it fit so well in any kitchen. Doesn't stain easily at all and if it does, it's so simple to clean.
ByBongo,Dorseton 24 September 2017
Bin arrived on time but it is faulty but I am using it. The lid doesn't shut and keeps popping up. My old bin (same model) was fine for quite a few years but this one, although identical has the faulty lid. IT is frustrating as I would rather have had a perfect one but I keep it shut by putting my dustpan and brush on top. Not ideal I know but it will suffice.
5.0 out of 5 starsGood bin.
ByIf Only I Could Read Fasteron 18 September 2017
I'm happy with this bin. It isn't the biggest but works well as our kitchen bin and the lid works well with no problems, some reviews talk about finding it hard to fit the bin liner and have the lid still work but I've had no problems at all with that. It's quite sturdy, my dog can jump up on it and it won't tip over (she's 6kg) which is a big bonus!
2.0 out of 5 starsPing pong!
ByNadine Weekson 27 November 2016
First 1 came in the time stated but the catch was broken so the lid wouldnt shut. Sent that back (3 days still waiting for collection) another one delivered today and the lid shut but wouldnt spring open!! Husband reattached the springs and it now works fine! It is a bit ping pong but what you get for £18.99!
5.0 out of 5 starsClever "D" shaped bin
ByE. Weldonon 21 August 2017
"D" shaped bin holding 40 litres takes up less room than my old bin, Looks nice in my new kitchen. The extra feature holds the bag in place and the outer lid opens and closes with a slight touch.I dont like the thick black plastic base looks a bit clumsy and takes the sleek look away from the bin!
4.0 out of 5 starsGreat product but not 100%
ByKelly Nelsonon 15 December 2016
Great value and as a Prime customer it was delivered the following day. The only issues are that its really tricky to get bag out when emptying and the lid MUST be closed a certain way and in a certain place as it will pop back open again
5.0 out of 5 starsYou can't really go wrong and hate a trash can unless it either falls apart or ...
ByNanaon 22 February 2016
You can't really go wrong and hate a trash can unless it either falls apart or has an automatic lid. Neither of these apply here, just good old finely crafted stainless steel, with plastic on top. It's practically ready to go out of the box and it includes free sample trash bags
Byvicbrownon 29 March 2017
Great product particularly considering the price. It was this or one which was nearing £100. This is easier to use than the more expensive one and holds the bags more securely at the top. However sometimes it takes a couple of attempts to open and close. Not a major problem particularly considering the price and it makes up for it in other areas
Nice bin, exactly as advertised and prompt delivery
Published 13 minutes ago by Mrs Christine D Allen
great value for money, lovely bin
Published 10 hours ago by Jenni
I'm very happy with my new bin, I like the press to open style lid!
5.0 out of 5 starsRubbish Bin
Bought this as a gift for friend as I already have one at home and am very pleased with it and as my friend needed a bin thought it would be good idea. It was.
Published 1 day ago by J VINCENT
Great, sturdy bin with a good lid. Thanks!
Published 2 days ago by emma wright
Nice smart bin
Published 4 days ago by john adams
Published 4 days ago by mr anthony t farrelly
Great product, fast delivery and good business. Thank you.
Published 4 days ago by Mandy Matthews
Pages with related products. See and discover other items: slim kitchen bin, slimline kitchen bins, small kitchen bin, trash bin, touch top bin, waste bin for kitchen
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Patent US7108267 - Seal for a shaft - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsUnitary radial lip seals are useful to provide permanent lubrication to rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. In addition, these seals also function as excluder seals to keep dirt, chemicals, and other contaminants from contacting the lubricated surfaces. However, previous radial lip seals have a tendency...http://www.google.com/patents/US7108267?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7108267 - Seal for a shaftAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7108267 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/706,443Publication dateSep 19, 2006Filing dateNov 12, 2003Priority dateOct 31, 2001Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE10250785A1, US6692007, US20030080511, US20040094899Publication number10706443, 706443, US 7108267 B2, US 7108267B2, US-B2-7108267, US7108267 B2, US7108267B2InventorsMichael R. OldenburgOriginal AssigneeInternational Seal Company, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (100), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSeal for a shaftUS 7108267 B2Abstract Unitary radial lip seals are useful to provide permanent lubrication to rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. In addition, these seals also function as excluder seals to keep dirt, chemicals, and other contaminants from contacting the lubricated surfaces. However, previous radial lip seals have a tendency to wear or cut a groove into the associated rotary shaft, as the shaft is rotated during normal operation of the machine. The present disclosure describes a radial lip seal having a sleeve, a seal case, a faceplate and flexible member. This improved seal also has a second sleeve operably positioned between the shaft and the faceplate wiper ring that alleviates the tendency of the wiper ring to cut a groove into the shaft during normal operation of the machine.
PRIORITY This application is a continuation of, clams priority to, and entirely incorporates U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,007, which was filed Oct. 31, 2001 as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/999,654, issued Feb. 17, 2004, and entitled Improved Seal For A Shaft.
TECHNICAL FIELD Generally, the present disclosure is related to the field of seals for sealing rotary shafts. The methods and apparatus are particularly related to the field of unitary combination lip and sleeve seals. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved seal adapted for use in severe duty applications where oil and grease must be held in contact with rotary shaft and bearing assemblies. The present invention incorporates design features that prevent the seal from wearing or cutting a groove into the associated rotary shaft, which can occur with other seals during normal operation.
BACKGROUND The present seal structure yields a very important benefit over prior seal systems, in addition to providing most of the benefits of these seals. Previous seals, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1, have a tendency to cut or wear a circular groove into the associated rotary shaft. Theses grooves are primarily caused by the frictional contact between the faceplate wiper ring 189 and the shaft 121, as the shaft is rotated during normal operation of the machine. It is undesirable to have the wiper ring cutting a groove into the rotary shaft during operation because these grooves weaken the shaft and can eventually lead to cracking of the spindle. It is equally undesirable to remove the wiper ring from the seal faceplate, because the wiper ring provides an initial barrier against environmental contaminants. Therefore, the present invention alleviates the tendency of the wiper ring to cut or groove the rotary shaft, without compromising the overall seal quality.
SUMMARY The present disclosure, which incorporates herein by reference in their entirety, U.S. Pat. No. 6,186,507 to Oldenburg and application Ser. No. 09/401,570, filed Sep. 22, 1999, to Oldenburg, shows a retrofittable radial lip seal adapted to fit coaxially around, and reduce wear to, a circular rotatable shaft. In one embodiment, the seal comprises a first sleeve, a cylindrical seal case, a faceplate, a second sleeve and a flexible member. The first sleeve has an inner end that would normally be in contact with the grease, oil, or other fluid to be contained within a housing, an outer end opposite the inner end, a bore that has an elastomeric coating, and a first sleeve flange extending radially outward from the outer end of the first sleeve and generally perpendicular to the first sleeve axis. The first sleeve flange is terminated with an outer edge.
In one embodiment, the seal is made into a unitary structure by inserting the first sleeve inner end through the case flange so that the first sleeve flange is positioned near the bumper. The second sleeve is then placed inside the seal case so that the perimeter lip of the second sleeve flange contacts the inside surface of the seal case outer end near the case skirt. All of the voids between the case inner flange and the case skirt can be packed with grease before final assembly of the seal. The faceplate is then attached to the case skirt thereby retaining the sleeves within the case portion. It has been found that a high quality water-resistant grease works well. One satisfactory grease is made by Esso Corporation and sold under the trade name �BEACON 325,� although other products may also serve quite satisfactorily. Although it is believed preferable to attach the faceplate to the case by crimping the peripheral edge of the faceplate around the outer edge of the case skirt, the faceplate may also be attached to the skirt by welding, brazing, adhesive bonding, or by any other of the usual means of connecting such items. It is desired that the junction between the case skirt and the faceplate be impervious to external contaminants and internal lubricants at the temperatures, pressures and other conditions in which the seal was operated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional profile of the structure of an embodiment of a prior art seal, in which the wiper ring directly contacts the rotary shaft.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to the various figures of the accompanying drawing, FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional profile of an embodiment of the seal 120. A first sleeve, or seal sleeve, 122 is adapted to fit coaxially around a shaft 121. The first sleeve 122 has an inner end 124 that extends into the sealed region, which normally contains oil or grease, and an outer end 126 opposite. The first sleeve bore 128 may be coated with an elastomeric coating 130 in the region between the first sleeve inner end 124 and the first sleeve outer end 126. The optional sleeve bore elastomeric coating is desirable because it may prevent leakage from between the seal 120 and the shaft 121 even when the shaft is worn or damaged. The first sleeve flange 132 extends radially outwardly from the first sleeve outer end 126. The first sleeve flange 132 is adjacent, and runs generally parallel to, the second sleeve flange 205 which is described below.
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OldenburgRetrofittable severe duty seal for a shaftUS6199869Jun 20, 2000Mar 13, 2001Nok CorporationSealing deviceUS6220600Oct 7, 1999Apr 24, 2001Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.Low installation/removal force wear sleeve and method of useUS6257587May 21, 1999Jul 10, 2001Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.Radial lip seal having protected porous dust excluderUS6357751Feb 25, 1999Mar 19, 2002Kaco Gmbh & Co.Protective element for a sealing arrangement with at least one sealing ring, sealing arrangement with such a protective element as well as method for keeping away dirt particles from such a sealing arrangementUS6406026Oct 17, 2000Jun 18, 2002Transcom, Inc.Retrofittable severe duty seal for a shaftUS6450503Nov 22, 2000Sep 17, 2002Rolf S.P.A.Box-type seal assembly, in particular for vehicle axlesUSRE35309Jun 21, 1994Aug 6, 1996Nok CorporationSealing deviceEP0036281B1Mar 10, 1981Jul 20, 1983GEORGE ANGUS & COMPANY LIMITEDRotary fluid sealsEP0086002A1Jan 24, 1983Aug 17, 1983"Dredging International"Sealing of a pump impeller shaftEP0091983A1Aug 4, 1982Oct 26, 1983Firma Carl FreudenbergUnitized lip sealEP0128241A2Nov 4, 1983Dec 19, 1984Firma Carl FreudenbergSealEP0172348A1Jun 14, 1985Feb 26, 1986INA W�lzlager Schaeffler KGSealEP0172881B1Feb 8, 1985Sep 21, 1988Federal Mogul CorporationUnitized dual-lip shaft sealEP0213652A1Jul 10, 1986Mar 11, 1987Ihc Holland N.V.Shaft sealEP0230120A2Dec 8, 1986Jul 29, 1987Hallite Holdings LimitedMaking sealing ring assembliesEP0260441A2Aug 13, 1987Mar 23, 1988SKF Nova ABSealEP0281452A1Feb 10, 1988Sep 7, 1988PROCAL, Soci�t� anonyme diteTreatment method for sealings, in particular for lipped sealing ringsEP0301731A2Jul 14, 1988Feb 1, 1989The Timken CompanySeal assemblyEP0303359A1Jul 14, 1988Feb 15, 1989The Timken CompanySealEP0304160A1Jul 14, 1988Feb 22, 1989The Timken CompanySeal assemblyEP0337893A1Apr 14, 1989Oct 18, 1989PROCAL, Soci�t� anonyme diteCartridge sealEP0385635A2Feb 20, 1990Sep 5, 1990John Crane Uk LimitedSealsEP0394025A1Apr 19, 1990Oct 24, 1990Dowty Seals LimitedAnnular sealsEP0420212A2Sep 26, 1990Apr 3, 1991Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Geared motorEP0427553A1Nov 8, 1990May 15, 1991The BOC Group plcShaft sealing arrangementsEP0454193A1Mar 19, 1991Oct 30, 1991Forsheda ABA sealing device for sealing an annular space between two machine elements which are rotatable in relation to each otherEP0474950A1Sep 14, 1990Mar 18, 1992W.S. Shamban Europa A/SA sealing device and a method of making the same* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8235391Mar 17, 2010Aug 7, 2012Federal-Mogul CorporationRadial shaft seal assembly with lubrication retention and debris exclusion feature and method of construction thereofUS20120217706 *Sep 7, 2010Aug 30, 2012Yefim EpshetskyFloating Wear Sleeve Assembly for Shaft Seals* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification277/571, 277/371, 277/562International ClassificationF16J15/32Cooperative ClassificationF16J15/324, F16J15/3256European ClassificationF16J15/32E2B, F16J15/32CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 2, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 13, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P.,MINNESOTAEffective date: 20100705Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE TO DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 024662 FRAME 0496. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE FULL AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24672/190Owner name: DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P., MINNESOTAFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE TO DICHTOMATIK AMERICAS, L.P. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 024662 FRAME 0496. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE FULL AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024672/0190Jul 12, 2010ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:24662/496Effective date: 20100705Owner name: DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA, L.P.,MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024662/0496Owner name: DICHTOMATIK NORTH AMERICA, L.P., MINNESOTAOct 29, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 22, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL SEAL COMPANY, INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:TRANSCOM, INC.;REEL/FRAME:017025/0968Effective date: 20031001RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services
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God's Guarantee To Heal You! by Allen, A. A.: A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ Soft Cover - 4 THE WORLD RESOURCE DISTRIBUTORS
God's Guarantee To Heal You!
Published by A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ, 1950
Title: God's Guarantee To Heal You!
Publisher: A. A. Allen Revivals, Miracle Valley, AZ
Reprint Size: 12mo - over 6¾" - 7¾" tall. Bookseller Inventory # 041650
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BBC News - A&E departments understaffed by nearly 10%, BBC survey suggests
The average English A&E had 9.7% of its posts vacant in August 2013
A&E problems: 'We lack the man-power' Listen
A&E services came under extreme pressure last winter and the government's four-hour waiting time target was regularly breached. This was partly as a result of more patients coming through the door, but also because of problems recruiting staff. Please turn on JavaScript. Media requires JavaScript to play.
Mike Farrar: "We've seen unprecedented levels already this year and we simply have to plan now"
Up to 43% of posts were unfilled in Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS trust. It has A&Es on two sites, and indicated in its response that of the 302 staff it thinks it requires, it is short of 12 consultants, 41 doctors and 75 nurses.
"With A&E consultants largely able to pick and choose their employer, this can make it difficult to attract permanent staff." The next three trusts with the largest proportion of vacant posts were Croydon Health Services, Ealing, and North West London Hospitals - but staffing shortages appear to be a nationwide issue.
Jennie Fecitt, lead nurse of campaign group Patients First, and an A&E nurse for 25 years, said this level of vacancies would have a "significant impact" on the safety and wellbeing of patients. "A&E nurses are under horrendous pressure. They have got targets and short-staffing to consider. Some hospitals have got it right but they are few and far between," she said. 'In danger'
Anna Soubry: "We inherited the system which unfortunately had been seriously underfunded by the last government."
Separately, a nursing union poll found nine out of 10 nurses working in acute and emergency care believed current pressures on A&E services were putting patients in danger. The Royal College of Nursing, which has 410,000 members, said its survey had found that 89% of nursing staff thought the people they were meant to be caring for were being put at risk, while 85% said patient safety was being compromised by the strain on the departments.
Continue reading the main story Are nurses working too hard to fill in the gaps?
"The college has received many reports for some time about the problems staffing emergency departments," he said. "The impact for patient care is that there are fewer doctors to see them, which means that most patients may have to wait longer than we would ideally wish them to wait, in order to be seen.
Andy Burnham: "Labour has been warning all year about the intense pressure on Accident and Emergency departments."
He said: "Recruiting and holding on to doctors in A&E has been a problem for over a decade - A&E is not a popular choice among trainees and in recent years less than 50% of the speciality training places available were taken. "But earlier this year, the government took action by setting up the first ever independent body with a clear set of priorities to increase the number of A&E doctors and the number of medical students choosing A&E as a career."
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Patent US7263415 - Electronic drawbar - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsTo minimize headways between trains at stops in short-distance rail transport systems, an electronic drawbar is proposed which makes it possible to cause a following train to approach a train ahead up to a few meters and to follow at this distance in an electronically coupled mode. A method for carrying...http://www.google.com/patents/US7263415?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7263415 - Electronic drawbarAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7263415 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/341,609Publication dateAug 28, 2007Filing dateJan 30, 2006Priority dateAug 12, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE50206314D1, EP1391365A1, EP1391365B1, US7027899, US20040026575, US20060129287Publication number11341609, 341609, US 7263415 B2, US 7263415B2, US-B2-7263415, US7263415 B2, US7263415B2InventorsKlaus MindelOriginal AssigneeThalesExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (3), Classifications (7), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectronic drawbarUS 7263415 B2Abstract To minimize headways between trains at stops in short-distance rail transport systems, an electronic drawbar is proposed which makes it possible to cause a following train to approach a train ahead up to a few meters and to follow at this distance in an electronically coupled mode. A method for carrying out the invention is wherein a rail vehicle with zero speed or with a speed below a predetermined minimum speed transmits a message which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle, and that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead, the following rail vehicle approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance.
1. A method of electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas of in short-distance rail transport systems, wherein a rail vehicle with zero speed or with a speed below a predetermined minimum speed transmits a message which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle, and that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead, the following rail vehicle approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein after approaching the rail vehicle ahead up to the predetermined distance, the following rail vehicle is operated by means of the propulsion and braking control information received from the rail vehicle ahead.
3. A computer program for a control unit embodied on a computer readable medium for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems, wherein at zero speed or at a speed below a predetermined minimum speed, a message is generated by a rail vehicle which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle.
4. A computer program for a control unit embodied on a computer readable medium for electronically coupling rail vehicle in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems, wherein upon reception of a message from a rail vehicle ahead, containing propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar, control signals are generated for controlling the following rail vehicle in such a way that it approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/635,618 filed Aug. 7, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,027,899. The entire disclosure of the prior application, application Ser. No. 10/635,618 is hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a method of electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems.
The invention is based on a priority application EP 02360240.2, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In short-distance rail transport, stringent requirements are placed on headways between trains. Particularly at stops, such as platforms of subway stations, the requirements are difficult to meet. By running trains with the absolute stopping distance spacing (moving block) and by using short blocks, conventional systems try to minimize the headways. Typical values for the headway between trains range between one and two minutes; this includes a stopping time of typically 0.5 minutes. The main variable that can be influenced is the time required for a train following a stopping or moving train to travel from the entry signal to the stopping point at the platform. Conventional methods leave a distance between the two trains which includes at least the braking distance of the following train and a safety distance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to minimize headways between trains at stops in short-distance rail transport systems.
This object is attained by an electronic drawbar which makes it possible to cause a following train to approach a train ahead up to a few meters and to follow the latter at this distance in an electronically coupled mode.
The implementation of the electronic drawbar only requires investments where they are necessary, namely at stops, where the headway between trains is not sufficient.
With the electronic drawbar, a time saving of approx. 10 seconds is possible compared to travel with the absolute stopping distance spacing. The headway between trains is thus reduced significantly, e.g. from 1 minute to 50 seconds, which corresponds to a time saving of approx. 17%.
The headway reduction particularly expedites the dissolution of a congestion caused, for instance, by a traffic disturbance.
The electronic drawbar can be retrofitted; its subsequent implementation in an existing infrastructure is possible in a simple manner. Depending on the equipment carried on the trains, implementation may be possible by means of a computer program which performs the specific functions for the activation and deactivation of the electronic drawbar. This is particularly advantageous if the number of passengers has increased, since the resulting longer stopping times can be compensated for by the time saving provided by the electronic drawbar.
The risk of a rear-end collision is very small. Even if such a collision should occur, the damage to be expected will be very small because of the low impact speed.
The electronic drawbar is implemented with train-carried apparatus and, hence, is a decentralized system. The decentralized system has significantly shorter response times than a central system. The trains communicate with each other directly without interposition of a center, and are thus closely coupled in time.
The method according to the invention for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems, and thus for implementing an electronic drawbar, is particularly characterized in that a rail vehicle with zero speed or with a speed below a predetermined minimum speed transmits a message which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle, and that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead, the following rail vehicle approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance (S).
When a rail vehicle, e.g., an urban railway vehicle or a subway vehicle, stops at a station platform, a following vehicle can approach the stopping vehicle up to a few meters. When the vehicle ahead detects a stand of the train, e.g. by evaluating the tachometer, a message (�telegram�) will be automatically generated and transmitted. The transmission takes place via continuous track conductors, for example, which are also laid in the area of a following rail vehicle. The following rail vehicle will detect the message via the track conductor, reduce its speed to a few km/h, and approach the vehicle ahead up to a few meters. The message contains, for instance, ready signals for activating the electronic drawbar. The following rail vehicle communicates, e.g., via the track conductor, with the vehicle ahead for the purpose of coordinating the activation and locking of the electronic drawbar. Communication takes place as follows, for example. The train ahead stops and transmits ready signals for activating the electronic drawbar. The following train detects the ready signals and sends signals to the train ahead which indicate its readiness for activation. The train ahead receives these signals and sends request signals to the following train. By means of these signals, the following train is requested to inform the train ahead when it has reached the predetermined distance. The following train transmits response signals which indicate that the distance has been reached. After receipt of the response signals, the train ahead transmits propulsion and brake control information. The following train receives the control information and controls itself by means of this information. As soon as the train ahead starts to move, the following trains starts to move under the same propulsion control, with the same acceleration, with the same speed, and at the same time as the train ahead. At this time, the two trains are linked by a virtual drawbar and, with respect to propulsion, behave like a single train. When the train ahead brakes, the following train brakes nearly at the same time. Only a safety distance of a few meters is maintained between the two trains. The distance is 5 to 20 meters, for example.
Alternatively, communication takes place as follows, for example. The train ahead stops and transmits propulsion and braking control information. The following train detects the control information and then approaches the train ahead up to the predetermined distance. Upon reaching the distance, it automatically switches to remote control of the following train by the train ahead. Thus, as soon as the distance is reached, the train ahead takes over the propulsion of the following train. In this alternative, no bidirectional communication is necessary between the following train and the train ahead.
To further minimize headways between trains, it is advantageous, particularly with a high traffic volume, if the train ahead is already transmitting messages while entering a station and before coming to a stop. Messages are transmitted, for example, as soon as the speed of the train ahead is below a predetermined minimum speed. Advantageously, the messages are not transmitted until an entry signal for the station is received and the zone in which track conductors were laid is reached.
The zone in which track conductors were laid extends, for instance, from the entry signal point to the exit signal point. Alternatively, it extends to an area in front of the entry signal point. In a further variant, it also extends to an area behind the exit signal point. The location of the area also depends on the point on the trains where the apparatus for carrying out the method is mounted.
Instead of track conductors, radio can be used. The train ahead and the following train communicate via Bluetooth or wireless LAN, for example; LAN=Local Area Network.
A preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that after approaching the rail vehicle ahead up to the predetermined distance, the following rail vehicle is operated by means of the propulsion and braking control information received from the rail vehicle ahead.
An apparatus according to the invention for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems, and thus for implementing an electronic drawbar, is characterized in that a control unit and a transceiver unit are provided which are interconnected, and that the control unit is designed to determine the speed of a rail vehicle and, if the speed is zero or below a predetermined minimum speed, to control the transceiver unit in such a way as to transmit a message which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle. The apparatus is implemented on the rail vehicle ahead. Viewed in the direction of travel, it is mounted, for example, in the front or rear part of the vehicle. The apparatus may also form part of existing equipment for controlling the train. The control unit is, for instance, a processor with a memory and a specific software program. Instead of one processor, such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor, or controller, two or more processors may be present. Instead of one memory, such as a RAM, two or more memories may be present. Instead of one software program (=computer program), two or more such programs may be present. A software program may also consist of two or more software packages which are stored on and invoked by means of different pieces of hardware. The transceiver unit is, for instance, a unit for transmitting and receiving signals for a track conductor or radio signals.
A preferred embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that a distance sensor is provided which is connected to the control unit, that the distance sensor is arranged and designed to measure the distance to a following rail vehicle and to transfer the measurement result to the control unit, and that the control unit is designed to compare the measurement result with a maximum value and to stop the transmission of the message if the measurement result exceeds the maximum value. The distance sensor is mounted on the train ahead at the rear. It determines the distance to the following train. When the train ahead leaves the station, the following train automatically interrupts the connection to the train ahead as soon as the following train has arrived in the platform area and must initiate braking to come to a stop. As a result, the distance to the train ahead will increase, so that the train ahead can stop the transmission of the messages, since these are no longer needed.
Another preferred embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that a distance sensor is provided which is connected to the control unit, that the distance sensor is arranged and designed to measure the distance to a following rail vehicle and to transfer the measurement result to the control unit, and that the control unit is designed to compare the measurement result with a minimum value or with a predetermined or communicated distance and to stop the transmission of the message if the measurement result is less than the minimum value or not equal to the distance. The distance sensor is mounted on the train ahead at the rear. It determines the distance to the following train. If the following train does not maintain the predetermined distance, the transmission of the messages is stopped, which results in the electronic drawbar being unlocked and the following train running on its own again. Prior to the stopping, the following train is warned and called upon to initiate a braking process. Insofar, the use of the distance sensor increases the safety of the electronic drawbar.
A further preferred embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that the transceiver unit is designed to transfer a received platform exit signal or information on the reception of this signal to the control unit, and that the control unit is designed to stop the transmission of the message after reception of the platform exit signal or of the information thereon. After the train ahead has left the station, the following train has already entered the platform area, so that at a given point in time, a deactivation of the electronic drawbar must be effected to enable the following train to brake and stop at the platform. One possibility is to use the exit signal as a switching signal for stopping the messages and, thus, for automatically unlocking the electronic drawbar. When the following train no longer receives messages, it switches immediately to the self-controlled mode of operation and initiates a braking process.
A still further embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that the transceiver unit is designed to transfer a received platform entry signal or information on the reception of this signal to the control unit, and that the control unit is so designed that after reception of the platform entry signal or the information thereon and if a zero speed was determined, it controls the transceiver unit to transmit a message which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for the other rail vehicle. The instant of transmission of the messages can be combined with the speed of the train ahead and the reception of the platform entry signal. After receipt of the entry signal, the train ahead knows that it is in the station area, and can transmit messages at an early time so as to enable a following train to activate the electronic drawbar as early as possible.
Yet another embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that the transceiver unit is designed to transfer a message received from the following rail vehicle or information on the reception of this message to the control unit, and that the control unit is so designed that after reception of the message from the following rail vehicle or of the information thereon and if a zero speed or a speed below a predetermined minimum speed was determined, it controls the transceiver unit to transmit a message which contains propulsion and braking control information for the other rail vehicle. In this embodiment, bidirectional communication takes place between the train ahead and the following train before the control data is transmitted.
A further apparatus according to the invention for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems is characterized in that a control unit and a transceiver unit are provided which are interconnected, that the transceiver unit is designed to transfer a message received from a rail vehicle ahead or information on the reception of this message to the control unit, and that the control unit is so designed that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead or of the information thereon, it controls the following rail vehicle in such a way that it approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance. This apparatus is implemented on the following rail vehicle and, as viewed in the direction of travel, is mounted at the front or at the rear, for example. It may also form part of existing equipment for controlling the train. The control unit is, for instance, a processor with a memory and a specific software program. Instead of one processor, e.g., a microprocessor, digital signal processor, or controller, two or more processors may be present. Instead of one memory, e.g., a RAM, two or more memories may be present. Instead of one software program (=computer program), two or more may be present. A software program may also consist of two or more software packages that are stored on and invoked by means of different pieces of hardware. The transceiver unit is, for instance, a unit for transmitting and receiving signals for a track conductor or radio signals.
A preferred embodiment of the further apparatus is characterized in that the control unit is so designed that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead or of the information thereon, it controls the transceiver unit to transmit a message which contains ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for the rail vehicle ahead. Prior to the activation, communication takes place between the rail vehicles for the purpose of exchanging data that are necessary for activation. For instance, the following rail vehicle transmits to the vehicle ahead data about its current speed, its train number, its current location, or the like. After evaluation, the rail vehicle ahead transmits to the following rail vehicle a permission to activate the electronic drawbar, for example.
Another preferred embodiment of the further apparatus is characterized in that a distance sensor is provided which is connected to the control unit, that the distance sensor is arranged and designed to measure the distance to the rail vehicle ahead and to transfer the measurement result to the control unit, and that the control unit is designed to compare the measurement result with a minimum value or a predetermined distance and to control the rail vehicle in such a way that it approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to the minimum value or the predetermined distance at the most. By means of the distance sensor, the distance to the rail vehicle ahead can be determined in a simple manner. Instead of one distance sensor, two or more distance sensors can be used to enhance safety.
A further preferred embodiment of the further apparatus is characterized in that the transceiver unit is designed to transfer a message received from the rail vehicle ahead, containing propulsion and braking control information, to the control unit, and that the control unit is so designed that after reception of the message from the rail vehicle ahead and after the approach to the rail vehicle ahead up to the predetermined distance, it controls the rail vehicle in such a way that it is operated by means of the propulsion and braking control information received from the rail vehicle ahead. The two rail vehicles are then operated synchronously by the control unit of the rail vehicle ahead.
Depending on the equipment carried on the trains, implementation by means of a computer program may be possible.
A computer program according to the invention for a control unit for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop area in short-distance rail transport systems and for use in a rail vehicle ahead is characterized in that at zero speed or at a speed below a predetermined minimum speed, a message is generated which contains propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar for a following rail vehicle. The computer program is implemented on the rail vehicle ahead.
Another computer program according to the invention for a control unit for electronically coupling rail vehicles in stop areas in short-distance rail transport systems and for use in a following rail vehicle is characterized in that upon reception of a message from a rail vehicle ahead, containing propulsion and braking control information or ready signals for activating an electronic drawbar, control signals are generated for controlling the following rail vehicle in such a way that it approaches the rail vehicle ahead up to a predetermined distance. The computer program is implemented on the following rail vehicle.
Both computer programs can be implemented on one and the same rail vehicle using one and the same control unit or two or more control units. The rail vehicle is thus capable of acting both as a vehicle ahead and as a following vehicle. It is also cost-saving to provide only one transceiver unit per train which can then be used both for reception in the case of a following rail vehicle and for transmission in the case of a rail vehicle ahead.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will become more apparent by reference to the following description of an embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an operational sequence according to the invention for electronically coupling two trains in a stop area; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a setup of technical apparatus for carrying out the electronic coupling according to FIG. 1.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown the operational sequence for electronically coupling two trains in a stop area.
The situation at a station stop is considered. The section at the platform is bounded by the entry signal Esig and the exit signal Asig. To optimize the headway between trains, the distance between the train ahead, Z1, and the following train, Z2, has to be minimized.
In a first time period a), train Z1 has already entered the station, has stopped at the platform, and is transmitting messages. Train Z2 is approaching the station and is braking because the entry signal Esig is red, i.e., at stop.
In a second time period b), train Z2 is receiving the messages from train Z1 and, in response thereto, activates the electronic drawbar. Train Z2 is now permitted to proceed at slow speed. The distance sensor on train Z2 and a specific computer program are activated which monitor the measured distance to train Z1. Instead of using a distance sensor on train Z2, the latter may be permitted to proceed up to a second entry signal directly in front of the platform if the message transmitted by train Z1 contains information saying, for example, that train Z1 has already stopped at the platform as prescribed and, thus, does not extend into the entry area. Train Z2 proceeds at reduced speed up to the second entry signal knowing that train Z1 is already standing at the platform, so that the track to the platform is clear.
The second entry signal then specifies a minimum value for the approach to train Z1.
In a third time period c), train Z2 is moving closer to train Z1.
In a fourth time period d), train Z2 has reached the predetermined distance S, which may also be referred to as the minimum distance, or the minimum value. Now the electronic drawbar is locked. Thus, virtual coupling of train Z2 to train Z1 has been effected; no mechanical coupling takes place. This means that from now on, train Z2 is controlled by train Z1. The two trains behave like a single train. They are linked by a virtual drawbar. As soon as train Z1 starts to move, train Z2 also starts to move, because it is controlled by the same control signals. The distance between the two trains is maintained constant.
In a fifth time period e), train Z1 is beginning to leave the station. Train Z2 is following train Z1 at the distance S.
In a sixth time period f), train Z1 continues to pull out. Train Z2 continues to follow train Z1 at the distance S. Train Z2 is already in the platform area.
In a seventh time period g), train Z2 reaches the brake application point for the stop. The information about the brake application point is communicated to train Z2 via the track conductor, for example. The transceiver unit of train Z2 is capable of operating in multicast mode, i.e., of receiving control signals from train Z1 and, simultaneously or within the scope of the time-division multiplex, brake application point signals. After receipt of the brake application point signals, the electronic drawbar is unlocked in train Z2 and braking is initiated. The unlocking of the electronic drawbar may also be referred to as deactivation. Train Z2 again has control over its operation. Train Z1 is proceeding uninfluenced. Even during operation of the electronic drawbar and after the locking, it is possible for train Z2 to intervene independently in its own operation. For instance, distance sensor continues to determine the distance to the train ahead, Z1, and if the distance is less than the distance S, braking is initiated independently and automatically. Optionally, switchover to manual operation is possible.
In a preferred embodiment, in order to enhance safety, the zone in which track conductors are laid is so designed that messages from train Z1 to train Z2 can no longer reach train Z2 shortly after the brake application point at the latest, because train Z1 is already outside that zone. In this way, the electronic drawbar is interrupted up to a predetermined instant in a controlled mode, and thus deactivated. With the electronic drawbar deactivated, train Z2 immediately initiates braking, whereupon it comes to a stop at the platform.
In an eighth time period h), the distance between train Z1 and Z2 increases as train Z2 is braking and train Z1 continues to accelerate. Train Z1 has already left the platform. Train Z2 has stopped as prescribed.
For a train following train Z2, the operational sequence is predetermined by time periods a) to h). Train Z2 then becomes the train ahead. If train Z2 should have left the platform before the following train approaches the station, the following train will enter the station normally and without the electronic drawbar. Accordingly, the electronic drawbar is activated only if required. However, the timetable may also be so designed that during rush-hour periods, for example, the headway between trains is chosen to be so short that the electronic drawbar will, as a rule, be activated and locked for each entering train.
Instead of electronically coupling only two trains, more than two trains, e.g., three or four, may be electronically coupled. A train ahead will then control two or more following trains via messages, with each train maintaining a distance S to the respective train ahead.
The embodiment will now be further described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows technical apparatus for carrying out the electronic coupling according to FIG. 1.
In a train ahead, Z1, a control unit E1, a distance sensor S1, and a transceiver unit A1 are mounted at the rear. In a following train, Z2, a control unit E2, a distance sensor S2, and a transceiver unit A2 are mounted at the front.
In a station area, a validity range is defined in which track conductors were laid and in which running with an electronic drawbar is permitted. The transceiver units A1 and A2 communicate with one another via the track conductors.
The operational sequence for activating and deactivating the electronic drawbar is as follows.
Train Z1 stops at the platform. Control unit E1 detects a train speed of zero and thereupon transmits messages via transceiver unit A1 into the track conductors.
Train Z2 receives the messages from train Z1 via the track conductors and transceiver unit A2, which transfers them to control unit E2. Control unit E2 determines the speed of train Z2. If the speed is less than a predetermined limit speed, e.g., 5 to 20 km/h, activation of the electronic drawbar is permitted. Control unit E2 initiates the activation and controls train Z2 in such a manner that it draws closer to train Z1. During this approach, control unit E2 activates distance sensor S2 for determining the distance to train Z1. Train Z2 approaches train Z1 up to a predetermined distance S at a speed not exceeding the limit speed. Then, the electronic drawbar is locked. To enhance signaling safety, distance sensor S1 can be used prior to the locking to verify measurements of distance sensor S2.
After a stopping time, train Z1 leaves the platform and pulls out of the station. At this time, the electronic drawbar is locked and control unit E1 has access to the propulsion and braking control of train Z2 via transceiver unit A1, the track conductors, and transceiver unit A2. Via this access, control unit E1 causes trains Z1 and Z2 to run synchronously, i.e., train Z2 starts nearly simultaneously with, and with the same acceleration as, train Z1 and follows the latter at the distance S.
When train Z1 leaves the track-conductor area, and thus the validity range, control unit E2 ceases receiving messages and control unit E1 no longer has access to train Z2. At this instant at the latest, an application of the service brake of train Z2 is initiated. Train Z2 brakes and comes to a stop at the platform.
Apparatus for an electronic drawbar may comprise a control unit E1, a distance sensor S1, and a transceiver unit A1 as well as a control unit E2, a distance sensor S2, and a transceiver unit A2. The functionalities of control units E1 and E2 may also be combined in one control unit. The functionalities of transceiver units A1 and A2 may also be combined in one transceiver unit. Instead of two distance sensors S1 and S2, which are used, e.g. simultaneously, to determine the distance to the train ahead, only a single distance sensor may be used; two distance sensors increase safety, however. Such apparatus for an electronic drawbar is capable of controlling the activation and deactivation of the electronic drawbar for both a train ahead and a following train. Viewed in the direction of travel, the apparatus is mounted at the front, for example. Ideally, the apparatus forms part of existing equipment of a motive power unit. This facilitates, and reduces the cost of, the upgrading of motive power units. A train usually has one motive power unit at its head and another at its end so as to permit movement in both directions of. If both motive power units of a train are equipped with apparatus for an electronic drawbar or with the functionality of such an electronic drawbar, the train can be operated with the electronic drawbar in both directions of travel.
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The Unquiet Grave Audiobook | Sharyn McCrumb | Audible.com
Written in grease pencil on a tourist postcard, the lyrics are winsome and innocent. But for famous folk singer Peggy Muryan, they are a chilling reminder of a troubled moment in her past....
By G. Fields on 10-06-17
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Opinion | When Juries Say Life and Judges Say Death - The New York Times
Opinion|When Juries Say Life and Judges Say Death
With a population of just under five million, and with more than 450 people sentenced to death since 1977, Alabama has by far the highest per-capita death-sentence rate in the country. And yet in nearly one in four of those cases, the jury voted for life in prison — in some cases unanimously — only to be overruled by the judge.
CreditAndrew Lichtenstein/Corbis, via Getty Images
The state law authorizing these judicial overrides, now the only law of its kind in the country, was passed in 1981, in theory to allow judges to protect defendants from vengeful or careless juries. In practice, the opposite has happened. While Alabama judges have converted death sentences to life in 11 cases, they have rejected the jury’s mercy and chosen death in 101, nearly a quarter of all death sentences handed down in Alabama since 1982.
Now there is evidence that these override cases involve a disproportionate number of wrongful convictions. Three of the six Alabama death-row inmates who have been freed from prison since 1981 were condemned by a judge after the jury voted for life, according to a paper published last month in The Yale Law Journal.
The paper’s authors, Patrick Mulvaney and Katherine Chamblee, both capital-crime defense lawyers, call this discrepancy unsurprising. They attribute it to the phenomenon of “residual doubt” among capital jurors, who must decide on guilt and punishment in separate phases of a trial. When jurors are faced with a life-or-death decision, they may be confident enough to convict, but not so confident to vote for execution. Beyond a reasonable doubt, in other words, doesn’t always mean no doubt at all.
Studies have found that residual doubt of guilt is the most important factor in capital jurors’ decision to spare someone’s life — even more than other mitigating factors like childhood trauma — and it may well explain why half of the exonerations in Alabama were cases in which jurors initially voted against death. In each case, prosecutors were found to have withheld exculpatory evidence from the defense. A juror in the trial of Daniel Wade Moore, who was sentenced to death by a judge in 2003 and exonerated in 2009, told the paper’s authors that even after voting to convict Mr. Moore, he voted for life in prison because he was “still unsure” about Mr. Moore’s guilt. In 2010, the trial judge, Glenn Thompson, said he “didn’t think the state had proven” its case, but overrode the jury’s vote and sentenced Mr. Moore to death anyway. His explanation? “The jury said that he did it.”
Judge Thompson, like all Alabama jurists, was elected to his seat, which only increases the pressure to act tough on crime — as judges themselves openly admit. In 2013, Justice Sonia Sotomayor pointed to this problem in her dissent from the Supreme Court’s refusal to consider a challenge to Alabama’s law. The state’s judges, she wrote, “who are elected in partisan proceedings, appear to have succumbed to electoral pressures.”
Justice Sotomayor was right to say that the override law undermines “the sanctity of the jury’s role in our system of criminal justice.” It also appears to increase the risk that wrongfully convicted people will be sentenced to die.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A26 of the New York edition with the headline: When Juries Say Life but Judges Say Death. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
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Made For Two Men by Madison Hayes, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® Books by Author Books by Series Collectible Editions Coming Soon by Date Coming Soon by Subject New Releases NY Times Bestsellers Signed Books Top Books of the Month
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Made For Two Men 3 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 1 reviews.
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How Cherie's dislike of Gordon is causing tension in the Blair household | Daily Mail Online
Last updated at 22:00 25 September 2006
Just days before the Labour Party conference began, Cherie Blair warned friends that the animosity between her husband and Gordon Brown had become so intense that there would be 'blood on the dance floor'.
Her confidantes assumed that it would be the Prime Minister's blood which would be spilled as the Chancellor sharpened his knife to cut short his boss's career.
But today Mrs Blair launched the most spectacular pre-emptive strike imaginable when, with four short words, she ensured that she was the talking point of the day, rather than the most important speech of Mr Brown's career.
Mrs Blair's reported outburst of 'Well, that's a lie,' in response to Mr Brown's claim that it had been a 'privilege' to work for Tony Blair was, of course, denied by shellshocked Downing Street officials.
What cannot be denied, however, is that the comment sums up Mrs Blair's intense antipathy towards Mr Brown, which surpasses even the Prime Minister's own froideur towards his successor elect.
In recent weeks Mrs Blair's determination to scupper Mr Brown's chances of becoming Prime Minister has led to fresh tensions in the already strained Blair marriage.
Sources close to Mr Blair have told the Daily Mail that when he returned from his summer break in Barbados last month, he confided to close friends that his wife was putting intense pressure on him to further delay his departure from Downing Street.
Mrs Blair, it must be said, longs for the day when her husband can seize the pot of gold which is waiting for him on the day he leaves office in the form of book deals, lecture tours and directorships.
'Cherie has made it quite clear that she wants to leave Gordon Brown as little time as possible to make his leadership a success,' said one insider. 'She has said she would enjoy watching the leadership slip away from Gordon.
'When Tony came back from Barbados last month Cherie had to stay on to look after Euan, who was taken to hospital with a stomach complaint. Tony was very candid about what had been said during the holiday.
'He said Cherie had told him not to announce his departure date because that would be playing into Gordon's hands. Tony has made it clear that his only ambition now is to hang on until he has done ten years as Premier, and he would have been happy to confirm that he was standing down next May.
'But Cherie wants him to keep Gordon Brown guessing, and even to stay on beyond that if he can so that Brown is wrongfooted. She has said she wants to see what she calls a "proper" election for the next Labour leader, rather an an accession.
'She thinks that will expose Gordon Brown for what he is, which, in her mind, is an old-fashioned socialist.
'In the end Tony agreed to a compromise with Cherie by saying he would be gone within a year but including the caveat that it would depend on the circumstances at the time, meaning he could still put it off at the last moment.'
Lest there be any doubt about the huge influence Mrs Blair has on her husband's career, we need look no further back than the events of June 2004, when Mr Blair, exhausted by events in Iraq and wracked by an undisclosed family crisis, made up his mind to quit.
It was Mrs Blair who talked him out of it, before marching up to one of Mr Brown's staunchest allies and announcing: 'You have got to understand. We are going on and on and on.'
Her defiant, finger-jabbing vow to fight on was interpreted by many observers as being motivated as much by a determination to keep Mr Brown out as it was by a desire to keep Mr Blair in power.
And in another private conversation earlier this month, which has been disclosed to the Daily Mail, Mr Blair let slip a comment made by his wife which typifies her disdain for the Chancellor.
Picking up on John Reid's comment that the Home Office he inherited was 'unfit for purpose', Mrs Blair said: 'Not only is (Gordon Brown) unfit for purpose, but he is not of electable quality.'
Set against the backdrop of such open hatred, it would hardly be a conspiracy theory to suggest that Mrs Blair's outburst at yesterday's conference, said within earshot of a reporter from the highly respected US news agency Bloomberg, was entirely premeditated.
The news reports which followed - in which Mr Brown's keynote speech, months in the making and billed as his big pitch for the Premiership - was relegated to second place, must surely have been music to Mrs Blair's ears.
And Mrs Blair is well aware of the power of an off-the-cuff comment made at a party conference - only last year she grabbed the headlines when she responsed to a question about her departure from Downing Street, saying: 'That's a long way in the future.'
To discover why Mrs Blair harbours such a malignant grudge against Mr Brown we must go all the way back to 1992, when Tony Blair ditched a plan to run for the deputy leadership of the Labour Party following Neil Kinnock's election defeat.
Mr Blair was persuaded to pull out of the running by Gordon Brown's angry reaction to his naked ambition. Cherie, who had vicariously lived out her own political ambitions through her husband ever since he beat her into parliament in 1983, had been instrumental in persuading 'her man' to run, and took Brown's reaction as a personal affront.
The famous 'Granita deal', named after the trendy Islington restaurant in which Mr Blair supposedly gave Mr Brown assurances that he would hand over power after less than two terms in office, has also been a constant source of tension between the two camps.
Mrs Blair is so open about her loathing of the Chancellor that one Downing Street guest, meeting Mrs Blair for the first time, was taken aback to hear her describing Mr Brown as 'not our sort of person'.
Nor is Mrs Blair's dislike of the Brown household reserved solely for the Chancellor. Members of Mrs Blair's inner circle delight in mocking Sarah Brown's sensible clothes and her old banger, even spreading baseless rumours that Mr Brown had banned his wife from wearing make-up.
In turn, Mrs Brown is said to find Cherie's love of freebies and her obsession with money distasteful, and has reportedly described Mrs Blair as 'an oddball'.
The grinding tensions between the two camps even spilled over into their domestic arrangements when New Labour came to power in 1997. Mr Brown agreed to let the Blairs have the larger flat above Number 11 to accommodate their family, while he moved into the living quarters above Number 10, but Cherie wanted more.
Mr Brown's former spin doctor Charlie Whelan recalls that he was talking to a colleague in one of the state rooms of Number 11 when Cherie burst in.
'You two can leave. This is my house now, it's been agreed,' she haughtily told them.
'She wanted all of Mr Brown's rooms, including the state rooms and dining room,' said Whelan. 'Blair obviously hadn't told her they were only getting the flat. It came as a bit of a shock when we broke the news to her.'
Mrs Blair's fit of pique at yesterday's Labour conference may have upset Mr Brown's hopes of dominating the headlines for a day, but even she knows that the Blairs cannot realistically expect to halt his inexorable rise to power.
Ironically, her comment's corrosive effect may do more damage in the long term to her own marriage.
Mrs Blair has refused to rein back on her money-spinning lectures, which she relies on to help pay the £16,000-a-month mortgages on the Blairs' properties in London, Bristol and County Durham.
Her antics forced the Prime Minister into a humiliating U-turn when, having claimed his wife's speeches were 'a private matter', he had to admit she was cashing in on his position and listed the lectures in the parliamentary register of members' interests.
Meanwhile Mrs Blair is unhappy that her husband has resumed contact with Carole Caplin, her colourful former lifestyle guru, who was banished from Downing Street in 2003 and whom Mrs Blair has since excised from her life.
'The issue of Tony's departure from Number 10 has been the subject of a big ongoing debate between Tony and Cherie,' said one insider. 'There is a large part of her which wants to get away from the stresses of life in the public eye and, more importantly, to start seeing some serious money coming in to the household which will enable them to pay off their £4million worth of mortgages with plenty of cash to spare.
'She also thinks that when they get away from the pressure of public life their marital problems will melt away.
'But Cherie is torn between the benefits of leaving Downing Street and her desperate desire to put a very large spanner in the works of Gordon Brown's political ambitions.
'On top of that she is dreading the day when she has to give up the trappings of power, and the last person she wants to hand that over to is Gordon Brown, who she feels doesn't deserve it.
'She says she wants to see Brown go down as a "footnote" in history, because as she says, "Who remembers Chancellors?"
'Of course, Tony doesn't want to hand over to Gordon either, and he would rather see David Miliband get the job. He was particularly hurt by what he saw as Brown's treacherous attempt to oust him two weeks ago.
'But he is far more relaxed about the whole thing than Cherie, and her determination to push him into staying on as long as possible has led to yet more arguments between them.
'Tony has responded by telling Cherie to stop obsessing about his leaving date.'
One Downing Street insider described how the Blairs' preoccupation with Gordon Brown had led to an atmosphere of 'paranoia' in which Mr Blair, and in particular Cherie, talked of their fears that the Chancellor had 'something nasty up his sleeve' which he would unleash at the conference to hasten Mr Blair's departure.
In the end, it seems, Mrs Blair decided to take matters into her own hands with an extraordinary intervention which may become the defining moment of this year's Labour Party conference.
Despite Mrs Blair's best efforts to influence events, many political observers believe that, far from extending his tenure beyond May, Mr Blair will struggle to make it to Christmas.
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Unsung Indian Hurler Hopes to Make Perfect Pitch - The Washington Post
Unsung Indian Hurler Hopes to Make Perfect Pitch
The ball game ain't started, let alone over, until the tall pitcher sings in Cleveland this Sunday.
Rick Waits, 6-3, 195-pound Indian left-hander whose 2.48 earned run average is fourth best in the American League, has been testing his vocal pitch with Rocco Scotti, who has sung "The Star Spangled Banner" in operatic range before games in several major league parks. And, after Scotti sings the Canadian anthem before the Toronto-at-Cleveland doubleheader, Waits will come on with our national anthem.
Scotti says Waits, 25, " has a terrific voice, a real God-given talent," and Ruben Caplin of the Cleveland Institute of Music agrees the hurler has a future in singing if he works hard at it.
Meantime, the largely unsung Waits will settle for a pitching victory Friday night over the Blue JAys that would boost his record to 5-7 . . .
And the Detroit Tigers are warbling the blues again over mark (Bird) Fidrych. The colorful righty has returned from Florida workouts with little or no improvement in the tendinitis that has kept him off AL mounds since April. "Plans for his future are very uncertain," said a Tiger spokesman who, when asked if Fidrych was throwing the ball, amended."He's lobbying. He has no velocity and has pain." . . .
Heavyweight cochampion Leon Spinks makes himself at home in Philadelphia, Detroit, St. Louis and Jacksonville, N. C., near Camp Lejeune where he served in the Marines. You guessed it. Spinks, driving a 1978 Cadillac, was stopped at 2:50 a. m. yesterday in the North Carolina town - no license plate and, it developed, no driver's license. Just a nice quiet arrest this time, he paid $25 fine and $27 in court costs and see ya later . . .
It's "go" for next Wednesday's fight card at the D. C. Armory, apparently, since headliner Sugar Ray Seales unanimously outpointed Tommy Howard in their Seattle 12-rounder Tuesday night to retain his Northwest middleweight title. Seales, a '72 Olympic gold medalist, is now 47-4-2 as a professional; another of the crop of '76 Montreal goldies, bantamweight Leo Randolph, made his pro debut on the same card, scoring a second-round TKO . . . When Seales and Ralph Paladin go at it, they will be doing so in a newly rededicated Starplex. The District observed a "day" for the complex yesterday, and the luncheon marked maybe the last visit of George Allen to RFK Stadium until he brings his Rams with him. Allen allowed it felt "strange" knowing that . . .
Earl Anthony, the pro bowler who shares Tacoma, Wash; as hometown with Seales and Randolph, was listed in "fair and stable" condition in a San Francisco area hospital yesterday after suffering chest pains while practicing his craft a day earlier. While he, we trust, recuperates, his successor as PBA money-winning champ, Mark Roth ($95,190 to date) has a shot this week at repeating as a $100,000-a-year tour earner in the San Jose Open; only Anthony before him eclipsed $100,000, and the Earl is at $71,188 for the 1978 . . .
Those American U. basketball Eagles get around in the coaching ranks. Now Bill Kagarise, AU '70, has been named head coach at Mclean High replacing Doug Crupper, who will coach hoops at Reston's new South Lakes H. S . . . Washington's finest cont'd: 1978-79 basketball captain at Jacksonville U, is Anthony (Cricket) Williams; incoming Coach Tates Locke saw right away the senior-to-be out of McKinley High has leadership qualities; and at Boston U., the captain will be Curtis Vanlandingham, 6-7 forward from Potomac High and Hillcrest Heights.
The NBA teams who are out of it might cast a new glance at Coniel Norman, the former 76er guard who was the Bullet's last cut of preseason. Norman has been named to the five-man Eastern Association all-star team after a campaign for Lancaster, Pa., capped by amazing 91 percent shooting - 31 of 34 from the field - in the Roses' two-game playoff sweep of Long Island.
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Turkic Khaganate - Wikipedia
(Redirected from Gokturk Empire)
The Turkic Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰜𐰇𐰛 Kök Türük; Chinese: 突厥汗国; pinyin: Tūjué hánguó) or Göktürk Khaganate was a khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia. Under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, the Ashina succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the hegemonic power of the Mongolian Plateau and rapidly expanded their territories in Central Asia. The first Turkic Khaganate collapsed in 581, after which followed a series of conflicts and civil wars which separated the polity into the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and Western Turkic Khaganate. The Eastern Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the Tang dynasty in 630 and the Western Turkic Khaganate disintegrated around the same time. The Second Turkic Khaganate emerged in 682 and lasted until 744 when it was overthrown by the Uyghurs, a different Turkic-speaking group.
In 626, Illig Qaghan took advantage of the Xuanwu Gate Incident and drove on to Chang'an. On September 23, 626[23] Illig Qaghan and his iron cavalry reached the bank of the Wei River north of Bian Bridge (in present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi). On September 25, 626[24] Li Shimin (later Emperor Taizong of Tang) and Illig Qaghan formed an alliance by sacrificing a white horse on Bian Bridge. The Tang paid compensation and promised further tribute, so Illig Qaghan ordered his iron cavalry to withdraw. This is known as the Alliance of the Wei River (渭水之盟), or the Alliance of Bian Qiao (便橋會盟 / 便桥会盟).[25] All in all, 67 incursions on Chinese territories were recorded.[20]
In 657, the emperor of China could impose indirect rule in the entire Silk Road as far as Iran. They installed 2 khagans to rule the ten arrows (tribes) of Göktürks. Five arrows of Tulu (咄陆) were ruled by khagan bearing title of Xingxiwang (興昔亡可汗) while five arrows of Nushipi (弩失畢可汗) ruled by Jiwangjue (繼往絕可汗). Five Tulu corresponded to area east of Lake Balkash while five arrows of Nushipi corresponded to the land east of Aral Sea. Göktürks now carried Chinese titles and fought by their side in their wars. The era spanning from 657–699 in the steppes was characterized by numerous rulers – weak, divided, and engaged in constant petty wars under Anxi Protectorate until the rise of Turgesh.
Ilterish Qaghan and his brother Qapaghan Qaghan revolted against the Tang dynasty in 679 and established the Second Turkic Khaganate in 682.[37] Over the following decades they steadily gained control of the steppes beyond the Great Wall of China. By 705, they had expanded as far south as Samarkand and threatened Arab control of Transoxiana. The Göktürks clashed with the Umayyad Caliphate in a series of battles (712–713) but the Arabs emerged as victors.
The Second Khaganate[38][39][40] was centered on Ötüken in the upper reaches of the Orkhon River. This polity was described by historians as "the joint enterprise of the Ashina clan and the Soghdians, with large numbers of Chinese bureaucrats being involved as well".[41] The son of Ilterish, Bilge Qaghan, was also a strong leader whose deeds were recorded in the Orkhon inscriptions. After his death in 734 the Second Turkic Khaganate went into decline. The Göktürks ultimately fell victim to a series of internal crises and renewed Chinese campaigns.
When Kutlug I Bilge Kagan of the Uyghurs allied himself with the Karluks and Basmyls, the power of the Göktürks was very much on the wane. In 744 Kutlug seized Ötüken and beheaded the last Göktürk khagan, Ozmish Qaghan, whose head was sent to the Tang court.[42] In the span of a few years, the Uyghurs gained mastery of Inner Asia and established the Uyghur Khaganate.
^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of world-systems research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Retrieved 16 September 2016. ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 129. JSTOR 1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959. ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2006). Peoples of Western Asia. p. 364. ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. p. 280. ^ Borrero, Mauricio (2009). Russia: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. p. 162. ^ 馬長壽, 《突厥人和突厥汗國》, 上海人民出版社, 1957,p. 10-11 (in Chinese)
^ 大業十一年 八月癸酉 Academia Sinica (in Chinese)
^ 武德九年 八月癸未 Academia Sinica (in Chinese)
^ 武德九年 八月乙酉 Academia Sinica (in Chinese)
^ 貞觀四年 二月甲辰 Academia Sinica (in Chinese)
Asimov, M.S. (1998), History of civilizations of Central Asia Volume IV The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part One The historical, social and economic setting, UNESCO Publishing Barfield, Thomas (1989), The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, Basil Blackwell Benson, Linda (1998), China's last Nomads: the history and culture of China's Kazaks, M.E. Sharpe Bregel, Yuri (2003), An Historical Atlas of Central Asia, Brill Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2000), The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century - Vol. 4, Part II : The Achievements (History of Civilizations of Central Asia), UNESCO Publishing Bughra, Imin (1983), The history of East Turkestan, Istanbul: Istanbul publications Drompp, Michael Robert (2005), Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History, Brill Haywood, John (1998), Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600-1492, Barnes & Noble Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2, Macmillan Mackerras, Colin (1990), "Chapter 12 - The Uighurs", in Sinor, Denis, The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, pp. 317–342, ISBN 0 521 24304 1 Millward, James A. (2007), Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press Mackerras, Colin, The Uighur Empire: According to the T'ang Dynastic Histories, A Study in Sino-Uighur Relations, 744-840. Publisher: Australian National University Press, 1972. 226 pages, ISBN 0-7081-0457-6
Golden, Peter B. (2011), Central Asia in World History, Oxford University Press Sinor, Denis (1990), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9 Xiong, Victor (2008), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 0810860538 Xue, Zongzheng (薛宗正). (1992). Turkic peoples (突厥史). Beijing: 中国社会科学出版社. ISBN 978-7-5004-0432-3; OCLC 28622013
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkic_Khaganate&oldid=792527950" Categories: Former countries in AsiaStates and territories established in 552States and territories disestablished in the 8th centuryHistory of the Turkic peoplesHistorical Turkic statesTurkic statesHidden categories: Articles with Chinese-language external linksArticles with Turkish-language external linksArticles containing Turkish-language textFormer country articles requiring maintenancePages using infobox former country with unknown parametersArticles containing Chinese-language textArticles containing traditional Chinese-language textAll articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from April 2009Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008Unclassified articles missing geocoordinate dataAll articles needing coordinates Navigation menu
العربيةAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهБашҡортсаБеларускаяБългарскиЧӑвашлаفارسیFrançaisGalego한국어Bahasa IndonesiaქართულიҚазақшаLietuviųМонголNorsk bokmålOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаQaraqalpaqshaРусскийТатарча/tatarçaTürkçeТыва дылУкраїнськаئۇيغۇرچە / UyghurcheTiếng Việt中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 July 2017, at 01:48.
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Amazon.com: Flexpay
"Flexpay"
Job course different personnel and wage system - Flex-pay system (FPS) use of research (2007) ISBN: 4883722619 [Japanese Import] by Yosihiro Kusanagi (Tankobon Hardcover - 0010)
HSN Shop App by HSNi LLC (Dec. 15, 2012)
HSN Tablet Shop App by HSNi LLC (May 10, 2013)
Nokia 1680 T-Mobile Complete Phone--Black by Nokia
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NUVOLT CORP INC (NCO/H:Venture): Board Members Relationships - Businessweek
MENU Homepage Markets Stocks Currencies Commodities Rates + Bonds Economics Magazine Benchmark Watchlist Economic Calendar Tech Silicon Valley Global Tech Venture Capital Hacking Digital Media Bloomberg West Pursuits Cars & Bikes Style & Grooming Spend Watches & Gadgets Food & Drinks Travel Real Estate Art & Design Politics With All Due Respect Delegate Tracker Culture Caucus Podcast Masters In Politics Podcast What The Voters Are Streaming Editors' Picks Opinion View Gadfly Businessweek Subscribe Cover Stories Opening Remarks Etc Features 85th Anniversary Issue Behind The Cover More Industries Science + Energy Graphics Game Plan Small Business Personal Finance Inspire GO Board Directors Forum Sponsored Content Sign In Subscribe INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR » ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS & COMPONENTS INDUSTRY » NCO/H nuvolt corp inc (NCO/H:Venture)
NCO/H On Other Exchanges SymbolExchange NCO/H:CNVenture19N:GRMunich
OverviewBoard MembersCommittees BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Pierre Gingras *Pierre Gingras Return to Mouvement des caisses DesjardinsDirector2727AgeTotal Annual Compensation78-- Pierre-Charles TardifCaisse Desjardins de LongueuilBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend FundAllan P. MorinThe Civil Service Superannuation BoardBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Fund J. Ross MontgomeryNEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Corporate ClassBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend FundMarcel PepinNEI Ethical Canadian Equity FundBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Fund Debbie LaneCredit Union Central of SaskatchewanBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend FundBruno MorinDesjardins Capital régional et coopératif (CRCD)Board AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Fund Jocelyne Poulin PayetteCaisse populaire Desjardins des Mille-IlesBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend FundJack SmitNorthwest & Ethical Investments L.P.Board AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Fund Ghislain GosselinGroupe ALTA Inc.Board AffiliationsGroupe ALTA Inc.Bernie O’NeilNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Equity FundBoard AffiliationsNEI Ethical Special Equity FundNorthwest Funds - NEI Northwest Canadian Dividend Fund Carol DebloisCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansArmand FerlandCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Jean RenaudCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansRosaire MéthotCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Élise PrémontCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansFerdinand PouliotCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Nathalie ConstantinCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansMarlène TherrienCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Daniel GagnonCaisse Desjardins du Coeur de LotbinièreBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansJacques PouliotCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Micheline RobergeCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansAndré GosselinCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Jean GuilbaultBourse de Montréal Inc.Board AffiliationsNuvolt Corporation Inc.Robert VallièresCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'OrléansBoard AffiliationsCaisse Desjardins de L'Île-d'Orléans Pierre-Andre MeunierNuvolt Corporation Inc.Board AffiliationsNuvolt Corporation Inc.Michel MontreuilNuvolt Corporation Inc.Board AffiliationsNuvolt Corporation Inc. Michel BerthelotNuvolt Corporation Inc.Board AffiliationsNuvolt Corporation Inc.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Pierre Gingras NameRelationshipsPierre-Charles Tardif 51 RelationshipsDaniel Gagnon 28 RelationshipsBruno Morin 22 RelationshipsBernie O’Neil 15 RelationshipsDebbie Lane 15 Relationships
To contact NUVOLT CORP INC, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
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20pcs Tibetan Silver Nice Bookmarks AB5162 Free Ship | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hello -User-.'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hello (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch ListWish ListAll ListsPurchase HistorySellingMy CollectionsFollowed SearchesMessagesCollect & Spend Learn moreNotification Back to home page
Details about 20pcs Tibetan Silver Nice Bookmarks AB5162 Free Ship
FREE SHIP 25 Tibetan Silver Bookmark Wi... £12.28
03 Mar, 2015 03:31:33 GMT View all revisions
New arrive bookmarks. Please click the picture to see details
Size:120x19MM 1 Inches= 25.4 MM
On 22-Jun-13 at 03:56:49 BST, seller added the following information:
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David H. W. Steel - Semantic Scholar
Julia A. Haller15
Matthew S. Benz14
Stephen J Pakola12
Lloyd Paul Aiello10
5Carl Claes
5Chi Wai Tsang
5Ruth Hogg
5Shaheeda Mohamed
Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in patients treatedwith ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema
Yun Sze Wong, Alex Stubbing-Moore, +7 authors D. Prasanth Varma
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are effective in the treatment of central involving diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities (VRIA) are… (More)
Vitrectomy fluidics.
David H. W. Steel, Steve Charles
The goal of all vitreous surgery is to perform the desired intraoperative intervention with minimum collateral damage in the most efficient way possible. An understanding of the principles of… (More)
Elizabeth M. Massey, Andrew Hunter, James Lowell, David H. W. Steel
Proliferative retinopathy in Cowden syndrome.
Qasim Mansoor, David H. W. Steel
Cowden syndrome is a multiple hamartoma syndrome with a high risk of breast and thyroid tumours, both benign and malignant. The authors report a 24-year-old female patient who presented with reduced… (More)
Ocriplasmin — variable efficacy?
David H. W. Steel, David Wong
For most vitreoretinal specialists, the adoption of ocriplasmin (OCP) into their practice remains controversial. This might be due to the varying experience, positive and negative, of individual… (More)
David Wong, Lara Cassia Silva Sandri, David H. W. Steel
Some say that younger retinal surgeons are becoming deskilled in scleral buckling (SB) surgery. Increasingly and throughout the world, the trend is to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachments using… (More)
Assessing Patients with Asymptomatic Retinal Emboli Detected at Retinal Screening
Afsara A. Ahmmed, Peter E. Carey, David H. W. Steel, Teresa Sandinha
INTRODUCTION Asymptomatic retinal emboli have been associated with diabetes, the presence of significant carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) and an increased risk of stroke. However, there is no clear… (More)
David Wong, David H. W. Steel
We would like to highlight in this issue, the case series from Dai et al. on internal limiting membrane (ILM) transplants for unclosed macular holes [1]. Those of us who have tried a free internal… (More)
Photoreceptor Outer Segment on Internal Limiting Membrane after Macular Hole Surgery: Implications for Pathogenesis
Michael E. Grinton, Maria Teresa Sandinha, David H. W. Steel
PURPOSE This report presents a case, which highlights key principles in the pathophysiology of macular holes. It has been hypothesized that anteroposterior (AP) and tangential vitreous traction on… (More)
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Florida Exotics: Unusual Plants for Garden and Home: Jack Kramer: 9780878339211: Amazon.com: Books
Florida Exotics: Unusual Plants for Garden and Home
› Visit Amazon's Jack Kramer Page
Florida's climate is suitable for growing some of nature's most breathtaking plants. Here is an all-purpose guide on more than 200 beautiful, exotic plants that will thrive in the Sunshine Statebromeliads, orchids, gingers, ferns, vines, bulbs and more. Florida gardeners will learn everything they need to know about creating and sustaining an exotic floral paradise year round. 100 full-color photos throughout.
Publisher: Taylor Trade Publishing; First Edition edition (April 1, 1998)
ISBN-10: 0878339213
ISBN-13: 978-0878339211
Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.5 x 0.7 inches
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #4,316,647 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
10 of 10 people found the following review helpfulAn excellent reference book if corrections are made.
This book was purchased for a reference library. It covers a broad range of plants that will grow in Florida. There are a number of errors in the book and photos mislabeled, especially in the section on palms. This causes me to doubt the credibility of other information and plant names in the photos. I hope that the publisher will come out with a revised edition because this has the makings of a good referernce book if all the information was accurate.
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Words containing chickahomin | Words that contain chickahomin
Words containing chickahomin | Words that contain chickahomin http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-chickahominPrinter Friendly
9,414,830,071 visitors served
Words containing chickahomin
Found 1 words containing chickahomin. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain chickahomin. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with chickahomin
12 letter words containing chickahominSee also12 letter words containing chickahominchickahominySee also:2-letter words with VWords that end in zWords that start with hWords that start with sWords that start with qWords that start with fWords containing chickahomWords containing chickahomin
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Love You Forever Hardcover | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll Categories Advanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi, #USER#!'.replace(/#USER#/,a))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi, (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellCustomer SupportMy eBayExpand My eBayNotifications
View all Love You Forever
Promoted item:NEW Love You Forever [Hardcover] Robert N. Munsch
NEW Love You Forever [Hardcover] Robert N. Munsch
14 watching | 40 sold
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch, Hardcover. The mother sings to her sleeping baby: "I'll love you forever / I'll love you for always / As long as I'm living / My baby you'll be. Condition
3d 20h 22m Shipping
xa-electronics (111567
hardcover book "Love You Forever" by Robert Munsch You cannot read this book without crying. It is very sweet. I consider it a classic. It was originally written in 1945. I recieved this as a gift it seems brand new but could be very gently used. 8h 23m left
Love You Forever has sold more than 15 million copies in paperback and the regular hardcover edition (as well as hundreds of thousands of copies in Spanish and French) Softly she sings to him:"I'll lo...
Preowned but NEVER read. Like new. No marks or tears. Smoke free.
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (Hardcover)
Love You Forever Hardcover by Robert Munsch (Author) , Sheila McGraw (Illustrator) 28d 21h 29m left
Robert Munsch - Love You Forever (2000) - New - Trade Cloth (Hardcover)
Format: Trade Cloth (Hardcover) Condition: New. Release Date: 10/06/2000 SKU: 107076814. Books. We ship more than 1,000,000 Book, Movie, Video Game and Music titles! 21d 7h 26m left
EXTRA LARGE Love you Forever Munsch Hardcover Teacher BIG Book 11" x 11" Share a book with a child! Prompt professional service from a librarian. Not an x-library.
Hallmark Recordable Storybook Love You Forever book NEW
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Robert Munsch - Love You Forever (1989) - New - Trade Cloth (Hardcover)
Format: Trade Cloth (Hardcover) Condition: New. Release Date: 06/30/1989 SKU: 19256652. Books. We ship more than 1,000,000 Book, Movie, Video Game and Music titles! 21d 11h 26m left
Buy It Now Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (1989, Hardcover)
Author: Munsch, Robert N. Title: Love You Forever. If you require quicker delivery please choose Standard Shipping (Examples: books needed for start of school or items purchased as holiday gifts). 13h 19m left
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (1986, Hardcover, Prebound)
Author: Munsch, Robert N. Format: Prebound. Title: Love You Forever. Publisher: Turtleback Books. 18d 23h 57m left
NEW Love You Forever by Robert N. Munsch Hardcover Book
First published in 1986, this classic book by Munsch is a gentle affirmation of the love a parent feels for his or her child mdash;forever. McGraw #039;s soft and colorful pastels perfectly complement...
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (2000, Hardcover, Gift)
Author: Robert N. Munsch. Format: Hardcover. Title: Love You Forever. Publisher: Firefly Books. 25d 8h 36m left
Love You Forever Robert Munsch hard cover
Love You Forever by Robert N. Munsch and Sheila McGraw (1986, Hardcover)
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (Author), Sheila McGraw [Hardcover]
Love You Forever by Robert Munsch (Author), Sheila McGraw (Illustrator) [Hardcover] So begins the story that has touched the hearts of millions worldwide. 18d 22h 25m left
"Love You Forever" Hardcover Book by Robert Munsch 15th anniversary edition
Munsch has been telling stories for many years and especially loves making them up in front of an audience of young people. He is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Guelph. 6d 7h 13m left
Love You Forever by Robert N. Munsch (2000, Hardcover, Gift)
2 Big Books LOVE YOU FOREVER +BEAR'S BIG BLUE HOUSE
LOVE YOU FOREVER by Robert Munsch. Big Board Book. I have lots of big books on ebay now so check them out. 1/2 the quoted shipping cost on the combined auction. Homeschool House of Knowledge. 26d 18h 46m left
If I Love You, Am I Trapped Forever? by M. E. Kerr (2009, Hardcover) 1st Edition
This page was last updated: Apr-21 00:42. Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. See each listing for international shipping options and costs.
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Silk Woven Georges Clemenceau | eBay
Placemats Set of 6 for Dining Table Washable Woven Vinyl Placemat Non-Slip R6M9
3X(Placemats Set of 6 for Dining Table Washable Woven Vinyl Placemat Non-Sl H5M9
Antique stevengraph, probably French Neyret Freres woven silk picture
+ AU $127.95 Shipping
3X(Placemats Set of 6 for Dining Table Washable Woven Vinyl Placemat Non-Sl Z6G7
VINTAGE HAND WOVEN WOOL BLANKET - DAMAGED IN 2 PIECES - ROYAL STEWART - UPCYCLE?
Details about Silk Woven Georges Clemenceau
Silk Woven Georges Clemenceau
153876778617
Last updated on 31 Mar, 2020 14:04:29 AEDST View all revisions
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34% Off on The Fifth Element Mondo Schem... | Groupon Goods
New T Line Graphic Tee Black Crew Neck Long Sleeve The Fifth Element Hoodie Mondo Schematic design on the front and material that guarantees 100% comfort.
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(Redirected from Iudex)
In New Zealand, judges of the District Court of New Zealand generally referred to as "His/Her Honour" or "Sir/Madame." Judges from the High Court, Appeals Court, and Supreme Court are referred to as "Justice [Surname]." In social settings, it is appropriate to use "Judge" in all cases.[12]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judge&oldid=794861157"
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Outstanding - Review of Outrigger Beach Resort, Fort Myers Beach, FL - TripAdvisor
“Awesome stay in May 2014!!!”
“Love, Love Love!!!!”
“Awesome.. love it..love it.”
“Beach is so worth it”
“Beach Vacation at a very nice place”
Outstanding - Outrigger Beach Resort
We stayed at the Outrigger for 3 nights (5/21-5/24, 2014) and loved it!!! We upgraded to a balcony-well worth it. Don't think I would have liked it otherwise-.money well spent. It was wonderful. The beachfront was super! Everything we wanted was right there...breakfast buffet, pool, massive white sand beach, cafe, tiki-bar, entertainment, friendly, helpful staff, discount savings coupons on drinks, etc. We did NOT even leave resort to visit Sanibel Island as we had planed because we were enjoying the Outrigger SO much!. Room was great, glad we went for oceanfront!
Room Tip: Go with the oceanfront
Ask fflashh about Outrigger Beach Resort
5 Thank fflashh
All reviews deckside cafe tiki bar across the street live music cabana rentals charley's boathouse guest services deck area standard room large deck breakfast buffet on site restaurant ground floor white sand bit dated beautiful sunsets housekeeping staff
577 - 583 of 1,684 reviews
The Perfect Oasis :-)
I'm gonna start out with ...WOW !!! Everything about this place is wonderful from the staff to the food to the Tiki bar to the Ocean Front room. The beach front view was simply incredible ! The soft cool white sand that ran the horizon with the beautiful blue waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
We randomly picked The Outrigger off of the internet for our honeymoon.We stayed here for 6 nights, We were apprehensive but wanted a first floor beach front room. I kept telling the fiance' (now hubby) that I wanted to open the door and be able to put my feet in the sand. Literally, it was just that :-) Upon arrival, we were greeted by a two ladies that were very nice and extremely helpful (cuz we arrived a lil early) and they were able to get us in a room right away. The entire staff here was always gracious and friendly. i call this "The Perfect Oasis" because it does have everything you need. You never have to leave the resort whether are looking for food, beverages, entertainment, a quiet place,or conversation with the locals or other travelers. Be sure to book a Beach front room...it sooooo worth it !!!
Thanks for the champagne and card,
Jodie and Brad Burton
Ask Jodie S about Outrigger Beach Resort
This Fort Myers beach front resort, has it all! No rental car needed.
The Outrigger Beach Resort is a beautifully situated resort on Fort Myers beach. There is a delightful pool to swim in if the warm gulf waters are not your style. The rooms are clean and comfortable and all have a good view. The grounds are beautifully tended and cleaned.
The deckside restaurant has great food, beer and wine for a great price. I had the buffet breakfast every morning which was $9.00. If this is too much, there is a breakfast menu to choose from. One day I ordered the fried fish (fish & Chips) for $11.00, It came with two nice sized, whole fish fillets and fries, and I couldn't finish it all. One night I had the Crispy Grouper which was just delicious! You can eat inside or outside.
If you want something stronger than the beer and wine that the restaurant offers you can order a drink from their tiki bar. The tiki bar has a small stage next to it, and there was live entertainment every night. The bar closes at 10:00 so it is not too noisy to get a good nights sleep and start your day early.
One day we took the trolley, the fare is fifity cents, to the north end of Ft. Myers beach and shopped. We also took the trolley to the Santini Plaza Marina, where we went on a tour and saw many Dolphins, as well as two Manatees, in Estero Bay. They have every water sport imaginable within walking distance or you can take the trolley. The resort rents bicycles which were a lot of fun to ride especially on the beach.
Some of my favorite moments were my morning walks on the beach to collect shells, the island breeze that kept you cool even when it was hot, sitting at the tiki bar listening to good music, and watching the sunset each night over the gulf.
My favorite experience happened at sunset, where I witnessed an unpracticed, impromptu event that occured every night, almost a spiritual experience. Each night as the sun set, at the moment the sun disappeared below the horizon, everyone on the beach and at the tiki bar, applauded and cheered as if it were the last curtain call of a great performance, thanking the sun for the great day it had given us.
Room Tip: The larger size standard is perfect for a couple or two friends. I only stayed here once, however I...
Ask gvallaro about Outrigger Beach Resort
4 Thank gvallaro
We were lucky to get in for just one night on our travels around the state. And, very lucky that the last room available had a beautiful ocean view! Beds are very comfortable, nice screened in balcony and very friendly staff. Also, there was a restaurant directly across the street which gave 10% off your meal because of staying at this hotel. I would definitely visit both places again.
I know this is a high end resort area, so I guess the price was in line with the area, but it was a little expensive. Only drawback that I can see to this lovely hotel.
Room Tip: Our room was an end room with gorgeous ocean view.
Ask Linda T about Outrigger Beach Resort
Amazing location! Great rooms!
You can't say enough good things about this location. Just far enough from fort myers beach tourist area-5 minute drive. It's perfect! The beach is steps from your room, pool is perfect, walk up bar and restaurant on site. We could have stayed in this location all week and have been happy. Cabana rentals are inexpensive and fantastic for beach days!
Ask Cashe311 about Outrigger Beach Resort
1 Thank Cashe311
I stayed at the Outrigger on May 4th for 5 days and was extremely pleased with my stay. My husband had made the reservations and had mentioned we were coming for our anniversary. Upon arrival, a complimentary bottle of champagne was waiting in the room. The staff at the Outrigger was exceptional! We needed batteries for the tv remote and mentioned it to one of the maids. She immediately got on her radio and called maintenance and within 5 minutes it was done and while he was there, he noticed a loose handle on the sliding glass door and quickly fixed that too.
The resort is located right on the beach and I highly recommend spending the extra money to stay in one of the beach side rooms. It was complete heaven! The tiki bar is located next to the pool and right off the beach. It isn't a "spring break" sort of place which was a relief. It is peaceful and fun at the same time. The sunsets are absolutely breathtaking!!
This is a MUST STAY if you are going to Ft. Myers!! Definitely will be back!
Room Tip: Choose the rooms on the beach side.
Ask ocs143 about Outrigger Beach Resort
1 Thank ocs143
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, TravelClick, Hotels.com, Cancelon, Travelocity, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, HotelQuickly, Evoline ltd, getaroom.com and HotelsClick so you can book your Outrigger Beach Resort reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
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20 Aug, 2019, 10:00 IST
CHANDIGARH, India and VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Aug. 20, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Team from Chandigarh University representing India has once again made the country proud by winning the 1st Runners-up trophy at the 12th Edition of the Dance World Cup 2019. In 2018, the university team had lifted the Dance World Cup Trophy for the country. More than 323 teams from all across the world participated in the Dance World Cup 2019, which was hosted by International Dance Council (CID) at Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. The team from Chandigarh University not only lifted the runners-up World Cup Dance Trophy but also won honors for Punjabi Folk Dance Bhangra, which was adjudged as the Best Folk Dance during the competition.
Chandigarh University Students with Runners-up trophy of Dance World Cup 2019
Initially, 18 teams were shortlisted for the final round of the Dance World Cup 2018, which then competed on the final day of the tournament. The team from England lifted the overall trophy of the Dance World Cup who performed Tap Dance, which is characterized by using the sound of tap shoes striking the floor as a form of percussion while the team from USA which performed Salsa dance won third position.
Sukhvir Kaur, a final year Hotel Management student and captain of the Chandigarh University Team representing India, said, "Last year, our team had set high standards for us as they lifted the overall trophy and there was lot of pressure to meet the expectations."
"All the team members in our team were performing for the first time and Dance World Cup was a great opportunity, as it was a chance to represent the traditional folk dance of Punjab at the International level," added Ramandeep Singh, an animation student and team member.
Kirat Kaur, who hails from Rajasthan and a student of Law Department, said, "Our seniors gave us important tips to perform at the competition and their experience came handy to us in the finals as we enhanced our team coordination, which was an important deciding factor to be a winner."
"The international audience were so excited to see our traditional dresses, especially the turban worn by boys, and the props like Sap, Khunde, Katto (Traditional instruments that are held by the dancers during their performance) that everyone wanted to click pictures with us," said Amarbir Kaur, another team member.
"We are happy that we have been able to take our traditional folk dance Bhangra to International level and compete with the best of the talent in the world," said another team member Gurman Kaur who is a 2nd year physiotherapy student at the university. "The competition provided us a cross-culture platform where we could promote the richness of Punjabi Culture," she added.
"The international audience were also very attracted to the props that we were using in our performances and the artists from other countries wanted to learn how to use them," said Gurpreet Singh Mann, coach of the Indian Team. "We have become the only team in the competition who have consecutively won positions in the Dance World Cup, organized by International Dance Council," he added.
CU is an autonomous educational institution approved by UGC and is located near Chandigarh in the state of Punjab. It offers more than 109 UG and PG programs in the field of engineering, management, pharmacy, law, architecture, journalism, animation, hotel management, commerce and others. It has been awarded as The University with Best Placements by WCRC.
Photo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/962124/Chandigarh_University_Students.jpg
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Anna Sedlacek Brown (1892-1984) - Find A Grave Memorial
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Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for Anna Sedlacek Brown (25 Aug 1892–16 May 1984), Find A Grave Memorial no. 88658351, citing Mount Hope Cemetery, Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska, USA ; Maintained by David Goltry (contributor 47177571) .
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William J Hodgert (Unknown-1924) - Find A Grave Memorial
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Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed ), memorial page for William J Hodgert (unknown–7 Feb 1924), Find A Grave Memorial no. 2590942, citing Cypress Hills National Cemetery, Brooklyn, Kings County (Brooklyn), New York, USA ; Maintained by US Veterans Affairs Office (contributor 5) .
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Food Service Coordinator $30,000 Jobs, Employment in Memphis, TN
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The choir undertakes national and international tours every three or four years. The most recent tours were to Australia in 2003, China in 2006, Europe in 2009, and New York City in 2013.
ECC's focus is on performing choral masterworks, such as Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem, Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, Berlioz's Requiem, and Handel's Messiah. On April 26, 2008, directed by guest conductor Zvonimir Hačko, the choir presented the American premiere of the Croatian Mass, a 2004 work by the pre-eminent Croatian composer Igor Kuljerić. Its most ambitious performance to date is Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, performed on February 25, 2012.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Eugene_Concert_Choir
Latest News for: eugene concert choir
Roving Park players mounted their own smaller stage production, Eugene Concert Choir sang “A Dickens of a Christmas” for its holiday show and Ballet Fantastique danced An American Christmas Carol, featuring music from singer Halie Loren ... • Eugene Concert Choir, with soloists ......
Eugene Concert Choir’s Nov. 8 concert at the University of Oregon’s Beall Concert Hall features a moving new work by New York composer Michael Bussewitz-Quarm, “The Unarmed Child.” It commemorates children lost to gun violence ... Eugene Symphony’s show Saturday, Nov ... 10 concert, which ......
Portland composer offers a ‘touching and hopeful look’ at living with Alzheimer’s
… this is what we fear … ... When Eugene Concert Choir director Diane Retalick approached Portland composer Joan Szymko to write a piece about Alzheimer’s dementia, Szymko faced three challenges ... Second, though she’d written more than 100 choral works, the half-hour work for choir and orchestra would be bigger than any she’d attempted ... ” ... When. 3 p.m ... ....
At 11 am Saturday, April 27, in the same venue, Eugene Concert Choir offers a family friendly version of its American Style concert, which presents a different kind of American classical music — Big Band-era music and Broadway show tunes from the last century — in kid-friendly format and time....
Gospel Choir Will Perform at the Eugene O'Neill Theater
(MENAFN - The Costa Rica News) id="quads-ad3" style="float.none;margin.0px 0 0px 0;text-align.center;"> The Howard University Gospel Choir will offer a free concert at the Eugene... ....
For a large-scale choral experience, bid farewell to winter blues this Sunday afternoon at the Hult Center’s Silva Concert Hall, when the Eugene Concert Choir, Eugene Concert Orchestra, soprano Danielle Talamantes and baritone Kerry Wilkerson sing maybe the most consoling and popular of all requiems, French composer Gabriel Fauré’s beauty....
16, Eugene Concert Choir presents its fully staged musical adaptation of Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, which happily includes plenty of seasonally appropriate sounds that you nevertheless don’t hear ad nauseam in stores and commercials everywhere this time of year....
Intro to Raspberry Pi, 5.30pm, Eugene Downtown Library, 100 W ... 18, Eugene Public Library Bethel Branch ... BENEFIT Highlights & Harmony Gala, 6-9pm, Valley River Inn, 1000 Valley River Way, benefit for Eugene Concert Choir, Eugene Vocal Arts & Eugene Concert Orchestra ... Build It, 11am, Eugene Library Bethel & Sheldon Branch....
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Exhibit of Antique Hand Woven Flat Weave Middle Eastern Weavings, 10am-5pm, Eugene Textile Ctr., 1510 Jacob’s Dr ... Family Steam, 4pm, Eugene Library Bethel Branch ... Eugene Peace Choir – Singers Welcome!, 6-8pm, Good Samaritan Society, 3500 Hilyard St ... Eugene Concert Choir Auditions, Tuesday, September 11, 7-9pm, Emmaus Lutheran Church, 1250 W....
Exhibit of Antique Hand Woven Flat Weave Middle Eastern Weavings, 10am-5pm, Eugene Textile Ctr., 1510 Jacob’s Dr ... Alice DiMicele Benefit Concert, 7-9pm, Oran Mor Meadery, 305 Melrose Rd., Roseburg, benefit for Umpqua Watersheds’ Crater Lake Wilderness Campaign ... Eugene Maker Space Open Hack continues ... Eugene Concert Choir Auditions, Tuesday, Sept....
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Saturday. Garage sale, 9 a.m. until 3 p.m., Latin American United Methodist Church, 1320 Webster Ave. Hamburgers for sale, 11 a.m. until 3 p.m. for $6 each. Call. 754-1010. Catfish fry, 10.30 a.m ... $10 ... Call. 349-7203 ... $12 ... $7. Fundraiser by sanctuary choir. Call ... Sunday ... University of Notre Dame Folk Choir concert, 6 p.m., May 24, St. Eugene Catholic Church, 207 N....
Sunday. Youth Day annual, 10.30 a.m., St Luke AME Church. Monday. Prayer sessions, 7 p.m., May 14, Victory in Praise Life Center, 1501 Maple Ave. Call. 214-4747. Thursday. Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts weekly meetings, 6.30-7.30, New Deliverance MBC, 1400 N. Fifth St ... University of Notre Dame Folk Choir concert, 6 p.m., May 24, St. Eugene Catholic Church, 207 N....
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College Choice Releases Its 2016 Ranking of the Best Online Bachelor’s in Accounting
College Choice Releases Its 2016 Ranking of the Best Online Bachelor's in Accounting
EUGENE, Ore., June 20, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- College Choice (http://www.collegechoice.net/), an independent college search and rankings website, has published a ranking of the top fifty online bachelor's degrees in accounting in the United States (http://www.collegechoice.net/rankings/best-online-accounting-schools-2016/).
Auburn University, Colorado State University, Old Dominion University, Indiana State University, and University of Maryland University occupy the top five spots on the list, which is based on factors such as cost of attendance, each program's reputation in its field, and return on investment. Other schools include Missouri Southern State University, University of Massachusetts, Penn State University, Southern Illinois University, and Florida International University.
Robert Hand, lead editor for the ranking, explains College Choice's ranking further. "All businesses, regardless of type or scale, have one thing in common by definition: they all have to manage finances. For students who are looking for a field that is both popular and highly in demand in both the business world and beyond, accounting studies are a smart choice. For those already in a career but looking to move to the field of accounting or to take the next step in their accounting career, we have provided the best online options, which provide the flexibility of schedule to fit into your already busy life."
The complete ranking, listed in alphabetical order, is as follows:
Baker College Flint, Flint, MI
Briar Cliff University, Sioux City, IA
Culver-Stockton College, Canton, MO
Granite State University, Rochester, NH
Herzing University, Milwaukee, WI
Saint Joseph's College of Maine, Standish, ME
Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, Terre Haute, IN
The state University of New York, New York, NY
University of Maryland University College, Baltimore, MD
College Choice is a leading authority in college and university rankings and resources dedicated to helping students and their families find the right college. The site publishes rankings and reviews that make finding the best colleges for different interests easier and more fun, as well as resources to help students get into, pay for, and thrive at the college of their choice.
To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/college-choice-releases-its-2016-ranking-of-the-best-online-bachelors-in-accounting-300286513.html
Preview: College Choice Releases 2016 Ranking of the Best Online Master's in Psychology Degrees
Preview: College Choice Releases 2016 Ranking of the Best Oceanside Colleges and Universities
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Research in kidney failure | Article Writing | Content Writing | Medical Writing
Research in kidney failure
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Bomar confident OU will get passing game going - Oklahoma - Scout
Bomar confident OU will get passing game goingJames Hale09/12/2005Redshirt freshman Rhett Bomar talks about Saturday's second half against Tulsa and the future of the Sooner passing game.Redshirt freshman Rhett Bomar will get his second start this Saturday as he leads the underdog Sooners on the road against UCLA. It has been a strange year thus far for Bomar. First he finished second in a competition for the starting quarterback job during training camp, despite the fact he felt he had clearly won the job. Then he learns after the Sooners get upset by TCU that he will start game two, only to go out in game two and not throw a pass in the second half. Man, that can be tough on a guy who is ranked the No. 1 QB in the country coming out of high school.
However, Bomar is a leader first. And as the QB of the Sooners, that is a job that he doesn't take lightly. After practice tonight Bomar talked to OUInsider for the Two Minute Drill.
JH: Coach Long says he thinks he knows what you can best do in a passing game. What do you think is your best ability in a passing game?
RB: "I don't know. That is up to Coach Long to decide. I have felt all along that I can do all of our passing game that we have in the gameplan. We did it in practice and I think we can do it in a game. We just have to show it. As far as me, I feel good in every play that we have and feel we can execute it."
JH: Do you feel more comfortable throwing some passes more than others? RB: "To tell you the truth I don't. Whatever I have to throw I am fine with. I feel I can make all the throws, I just have to go out there and do it."
JH: You say that you have been throwing the ball in practice well, but why do you feel that hasn't transferred to the game field.
RB: "The other day we had a gameplan and we chose to do that. We didn't run all of our plays, but everyone thinks that we can not throw the ball. Oh man, they are in trouble.That is not true. We had a gameplan where we wanted to run the ball and be physical and we did. "Me, personally, you will see me make the throws in the future, everybody just has to be patient. I mean, it is only one game. We have 10 more to go this year. I will be fine."
JH: Do you feel that the offense just needs something to get it going, that it just needs a spark?
RB: "Yeah, it is there. We just have to execute. We are very capable of doing that and we are going to do much better Saturday."
JH: Welcome to college football, Rhett. Did you ever think that you would come to a big-time program like OU being a throwing quarterback and now people are wondering if you can throw the ball?
RB: "Yeah, I know, It is kind of funny. People are questioning my ability after one game as a starter just because we didn't throw it a lot in the second half. We do have Adrian back there, who is a once in a life time player. We are going to get him the ball as much as possible. Everybody has their opinion and that is fine, because I don't care."
JH: Let's see you only threw for over 6,000 yards and 58 touchdowns in high school. But now you can't throw the ball, right? RB: "I really don't care as long as we win. That is just a bunch of stats and we are not a big stat team. We are not looking out there to lead the country in offense if we don't win the game. All we want to do is win and the stats will come with winning. Come Saturday we are going to have fun in the passing game."
JH: The coaches talked about how they used the Tulsa game to get an aggressive attitude built within the football team. Did you feel that mission was accomplished? RB: "I do. Being physical is very important, especially in college football and especially in the Big 12. We are going to play teams like Texas, Texas A&M and teams like that who are physicaland you have to play smash mouth football. "We need to get the ball to AD and then let our offensive line blow some people off the line. You can't finesse everybody all the time and think you are going to win football games. That works for a certain amount of time, but when somebody hits you in the mouth you have to respond. "I think that was what we were looking for and we got that stared on Saturday."
JH: Do you like what happened on the O-line against Tulsa?
RB: "They played great. They run-blocked well and we pass-blocked well. The O-line is fine."
JH: Don't you feel that the offense does need balance to be successful? RB: "It is a key because you have to throw the ball when it comes down to it. We have to be balanced because we can't rely on Adrian all year. He is going to get beat up and he is going to take a lot of hits if we run him all year. "We will be fine. We have it and now we just have to go out there and do it. Coaches know what they are doing and nobody should question that. We will be fine. I think you will see more Saturday and in the future."
RB: "They are a good team and they have good athletes. They are in the Pac-10, which is a major conference. They probably have the best athletes that we have played so far. We are going to have to come and play."
JH: I know you don't look at the newspapers or websites, but have you had anybody in class saying anything to you about not completing a pass or about the passing game struggling? RB: "Parents read the newspapers, kids don't read the newspapers. Nobody says anything to me going to class or when I am just walking around. I don't think they would say anything to a lot of football players because they are probably scared of all these big guys walking around. "I am just a little ole quarterback, so they might eventually say something to me. I don't think they will say anything because they will just look stupid. They won't know what they are talking about. Nobody has said anything to me and I don't think they will."
Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutKundarrius Taylor commits to SoonersThe Opening Finals 2017 Official RosterSooners Illustrated Chat - June 25, 2017Treveon Johnson commits to Sooners2019 TE Austin Stogner commits to OUShare & EmbedA New Age at OU for Legacy Commit Austin Full StorySooners Illustrated Top StoriesBreaking NewsJaylon Robinson commits to OUOU is on the board at the receiver position, for third time in four days, landing Jaylon Robinson.by Bob PrzybyloSooners Illustrated11:16 AMOU's 'wish list' - QuarterbackTime to roll out the OU 'wish list' once again, starting at quarterback.by Bob PrzybyloSooners Illustrated7:43 AMBreaking NewsTreveon Johnson commits to SoonersOU gets on the board once again at wide receiver for 2018 class with Treveon Johnson.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedYesterday at 4:55 PMKundarrius Taylor commits to SoonersOU is not done yet Friday, adding a second commitment following the pledge of wide receiver Kundarrius Taylor.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 4:02 PM2019 TE Austin Stogner commits to OUOU's #NewWave19 is back as Austin Stogner commits to Sooners.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 9:13 AMSooner Intel: Ron Tatum locked with SoonersIntel returns with an update on OU commit Ron Tatum.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 6:41 AMSooner Intel: Tanner Mordecai set with RileyIntel returns with an update on OU commit Tanner Mordecai.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 6:38 AMSooner Intel: Tramonda Moore finally a SoonerIntel returns with an update on NEW OU commit Tramonda Moore.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 6:35 AMOU commit Jordon Austin cleared to competeGood news keeps coming for OU on the recruiting trail, this time around it's Jordon Austin getting medically cleared to play football again.by Bob PrzybyloSooners Illustrated2:52 PMA New Age at OU for Legacy Commit AustinOklahoma legacy recruit Jordon Austin talks about the Sooners program in the face of the departure of Bob Stoops, which was college football's most shocking off-season news.by Greg PowersScout FootballYesterday at 2:11 PMSooners Illustrated Chat - June 25, 2017It's the final chat of June and come wrap up a crazy, crazy week in OU recruiting.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedYesterday at 6:31 AMOU's 2017 football staff is officialOU's 2017 football staff is officially official.by Bob PrzybyloSooners IllustratedFriday at 10:41 AMLoad More
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From Wics To Burs - Three Pairs Of Shoes Song - BBC Music The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
]]> Music Tracks Performances Playlists Artists More My Music Menu My Music Home Tracks Popular Find a Track Recommended Performances Popular All Recommended Playlists Featured All Recommended Artists Popular All Recommended More BBC Music News LIVE BBC Music My Generation BBC Introducing BBC Music in iPlayer BBC Proms Glastonbury BBC Performing Groups Sound Of 2017 My Music My Tracks My Performances My Interviews My Playlists My Artists From Wics To Burs Share this track Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/records/nn3w3r Read more about sharing. Add Artist Three Pairs Of Shoes Languages:
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Questions and Answers: Two, Four, or One Year of Microdermabrasion Treatments at Dermaclinica (Up to 92% Off) | Santa Cruz / Monterey
DermaClinica - Watsonville
Two, Four, or One Year of Microdermabrasion Treatments at Dermaclinica (Up to 92% Off)
Can I buy one year of treatment for my wife and another for me OR is it just one deal per person/household?
Ramses D. asked on Dec 1, 2012
What type of microdermabration machine are the using ?
Cassandra M. asked on Nov 28, 2012
I would suggest contacting Dermaclinica directly at (831) 761-2273 for more information about their equipment.
Who should get microdermabrasion and how many session are recommended? I have good skin but some beginning signs of aging such as sun spots and fine lines. Thanks!
Siubhan P. asked on Nov 27, 2012
I would suggest contacting Dermaclinica directly at (831) 761-2273 for more information about their treatment.
how does this affect wrinkle and sun spots? how many appt.s does one need?
cat n. asked on Nov 27, 2012
I'm sorry for the delay in answering your question! I would suggest contacting Dermaclinica directly at (831) 761-2273 for more information about their treatment.
What is included in this deal? How long is the treatment?
Robin H. asked on Nov 27, 2012
The deal options are listed on the deal page. You get either 2, 4 or one year of microdermabrasion treatments. I would suggest contacting Dermaclinica directly at (831) 761-2273 for more information about their treatment.
What r their days of operation and hours for the customers?
Angelica h. asked on Nov 28, 2012
Their hours are Tue - Fri: 10-6PM & Sat: 10AM - 2PM
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From Vidya Balan to Balakrishna, who plays who in NTR biopic Mahanayakudu | regional movies | Hindustan Times
From Vidya Balan to Balakrishna, who plays who in NTR biopic Mahanayakudu
Here is a list of actors who will be portraying real life characters in the upcoming NTR biopic starring Nandamuri Balakrishna and Vidya Balan.
regional-movies Updated: Dec 26, 2018 18:58 IST
Actor Nandamuri Balakrishna plays the role of NTR in upcoming biopic Mahanayakudu.
NTR biopic, which is set to release in two parts as Kathanayakudu and Mahanayakudu, is one of the most looked forward films this year. The film has a stunning cast portraying a host of characters including actors and politicians, who helped shape up the life of Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao Senior. The two-part series is produced by NBK film and directed by Krish Jagarlamudi. The music for the film is scored by MM Keeravani.
Here is the list of who plays who in the film.
Nandamuri Balakrishna will play the role of his father NTR in the biopic.
Nandamuri Kalyanram will play the role of his father Nandamuri Harikrishna.
Rana Daggubati will play the role of politician Chandrababu Naidu.
Vidya Balan will play the role of Basava Tarakam, NTR first wife in the film.
Rakul Preet will play the role of late actor Sridevi who has shared screen space with NTR multiple times.
Nithya Menen will play the role of actor Savitri, whose biopic had a successful run at the box office in 2018.
Sumanth will play the role of his grandfather Akkineni Nageswar Rao.
Pranitha Subash expected to play the role of Krishna Kumari.
Brahmanandam expected to play the role of Relangi.
Dr Bharath Reddy will portray the role of Daggubati Venkateswara Rao.
The NTR biopic was initially expected to be directed by Teja, who was even present at the beginning of the film. However, reportedly due to creative differences with actor Balakrishna, the director backed out of the project.
First Published: Dec 26, 2018 18:58 IST
https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/from-vidya-balan-to-balakrishna-who-plays-who-in-ntr-biopic-mahanayakudu/story-FYyXkdlOtkwHeY6rgJoXXP.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/bigil-director-atlee-confirms-telugu-debut-will-team-up-with-jr-ntr/story-monrh2pSzOowhJeH5Ko7kM.html
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Norvin Green State Forest - Wikipedia
View of Wyanokie High Point from Carris Hill in Norvin Green State Forest
Norvin Green State Forest is a 4,365-acre (17.4 km²) state forest in Bloomingdale, New Jersey, United States, near the Wanaque Reservoir. It is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.[1] The forest is accessible by foot only; it is part of the Wyanokie Wilderness Area and contains an extensive trail system built on old logging roads, several of which connect with trails in the Weis Ecology Center and reservoir property. The trails climb hills up to 1,300 feet and provide views of the Manhattan skyline, the Wanaque Reservoir, Burnt Meadow Brook and Lake Sonoma. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.
NJ Division of Parks and Forestry, Norvin Green State Forest
Coordinates: 41°03′14″N 74°20′13″W / 41.054°N 74.337°W / 41.054; -74.337
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norvin_Green_State_Forest&oldid=720737618" Categories: New Jersey state forestsProtected areas of Passaic County, New JerseyState forests of the AppalachiansNew Jersey geography stubsNortheastern United States protected area stubsHidden categories: CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors listCoordinates on WikidataAll stub articles Navigation menu
Add links This page was last edited on 17 May 2016, at 17:31.
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Words containing doquella | Words that contain doquella
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-doquella
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,218,948,422 visitors served
Words containing doquella
Found 1 words containing doquella. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain doquella. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that end in doquella
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Properties For Sale in Mansfield Woodhouse, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire Sort:
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"The people of these United States are the rightful masters of both congresses and courts, not to over-throw the Constitution, but to over-throw the men who pervert that Constitution" skip navigation
link: "//www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008680376/",
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"The people of these United States are the rightful masters of both congresses and courts, not to over-throw the Constitution, but to over-throw the men who pervert that Constitution"
Title: "The people of these United States are the rightful masters of both congresses and courts, not to over-throw the Constitution, but to over-throw the men who pervert that Constitution"
/ E.B. & E.C. Kellogg, 245 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.
E.B. & E.C. Kellogg (Firm), printer
Date Created/Published: New York: Geo. Whiting, 87 Fulton St.; [1864]
1 print : lithograph, hand-colored ; 42.9 x 33.2 cm.
Print showing three-quarter portrait of Abraham Lincoln standing, holding a book, facing right.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-19243 (digital file from original)
Call Number: PGA - Kellogg (E.B. & E.C.)--Portrait of Abraham ... (B size) [P&P]
"This picture is a good likeness of the original."
Includes facsimile signatures of Abraham Lincoln, E. S. Cleveland, Hartford, Conn., and Philip Wadsworth, Chicago, Ills.
Gift; Estate of Henry P. Fletcher.
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008680376/
Duplication Services Web site. Call Number: PGA - Kellogg (E.B. & E.C.)--Portrait of Abraham ... (B size) [P&P]
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Russian thugs pose with their latest 'trophies' taken from England fans | Daily Mail Online
The notorious far-group leader of the Russian supporters union Alexander Shprygin will be deported from France
He had been travelling with the official Russian FA delegation at Euro 2016 but was stopped on a bus going to Lille
Streets of Lille turned into a battleground last night with hundreds of England fans in fresh clashes with Russians
Russian thugs chased after an English fan and punched and kicked him to the floor and ripped his shirt off his back
Three Russian 'Ultras' jailed for two years for their part in the violence that has overshadowed the tournament
By Thomas Burrows In London and Paul Thompson And Nick Fagge In Lille, France
Published: 05:02 EST, 16 June 2016 | Updated: 12:00 EST, 19 June 2016
England fans became the target of another group of hooligans tonight as Belgian supporters picked fights with celebrating Three Lions fans.
More than 20 Belgian fans began taunting England fans as they celebrated their victory in Lille's main square.
Minor scuffles broke out but were brought to an abrupt halt by riot police, who moved in quickly to tackle the troublemakers.
Earlier in the day Belgian hooligans had revealed to MailOnline how they had come to France with the intention of causing trouble.
One said: 'We are from all over Belgium, we support different teams but we are here together as one. We are not here for the [England vs Wales] match. We don't care who wins. We are here to make something happen.'
The scuffles came after shocking new footage emerged showing England supporters being ambushed by fearsome Russian hooligans.
Elsewhere, the notorious far-right leader of a Russian supporters group, Alexander Shprygin, was expelled from France while three Russian hooligans were jailed for their roles in three days of rioting in Marseille.
The Russian thugs charge after the English supporters wielding chairs in the latest round of violence
The English supporter was knocked to the ground by the gang of rampaging Russians in Lille yesterday
Shprygin, 38, who had been travelling with the official Russian FA delegation at Euro 2016, was stopped in a bus travelling to Lille on Tuesday.
He was detained and transferred to a holding cell and will now be deported from France. He called the move a 'complete hellish outrage' and vowed to make a legal challenge.
A French source said: 'He is among the Russians who are going to be expelled.'
He has also been photographed giving a Nazi salute with a singer from Russian far-right rock band, Korrozia Metalla. Shprygin was pictured alongside Russian President Vladimir Putin at a football fan's funeral in 2010.
His supporters union is backed by the Kremlin and the arrests have infuriated Moscow, who summoned the French ambassador in protest.
The Russian foreign ministry warned that 'further stoking of anti-Russian sentiments...could significantly aggravate the atmosphere in Russia-France relations'.
A statement from the union said he and the other 19 fans have been transferred to a deportation centre from which they will be expelled in the next five days.
In a further development, three Russians 'Ultras' have been jailed for their role in the Euro 2016 violence that has overshadowed the beginning of the tournament.
Erunov is a director for fan relations at Lokomotiv Moscow whose hooligans were at the heart of the carnage.
Part of the prosecution evidence was footage filmed by another Russian fan and posted online. Erunov was seen shouting and gesturing on the video, which also showed acts of violence.
The man - with a torn T-shirt - tried to stumble clear but was attacked by the Russian hooligans once again
The England fan tried to break free from the Russian supporters, but was assaulted for a second time
Notorious far-right leader Alexander Shprygin, 38, will be deported from France after he was stopped in a bus at Cannes on Tuesday
Powerful: Shprygin (second right) has such a high-profile position in Russia that he has even met President Putin
Notorious far-right activist Alexander Shprygin is leader of the Russian Supporters Union and will now be deported from France. He is pictured here in a photograph from 2001, performing a Nazi salute
Last night, the streets of Lille were last night turned into a battleground following Russia's 2-1 defeat to Slovakia at the city's Métropole stadium.
Violent footage showed a group of fearsome Russian hooligans chasing after an English supporter and punching and kicking him to the ground.
After the fresh round of violence, Russian supporters once again posed for the cameras with their stolen England 'trophy' flags saying 'we need more British banners'.
French riot police armed with batons and tear gas charge... Lone England fan is beaten by a pack of Russian thugs who...
After the latest round of violence, Russian fans once again posed up with their stolen England flags - including one from Birmingham and Sheffield Wednesday (top right)
In the latest video, Russian fans were filmed sprinting after the English supporter. He was punched and kicked to the ground and had his T-shirt ripped off his back.
As he tried to stumble clear from the thugs, he was attacked once again by the thuggish group of fans.
The violent scenes in Lille came despite a warning from UEFA that both England and Russia could be booted out if the fighting continued.
England football fan Laura Woods fixes her make-up as riot police patrol the streets of Lens today
England fan Josh Ransom, from Sheffield, shows his colours ahead of the match between England and Wales in Lens
England fans who arrived early to the stadium remain glued to their mobile phones as the atmosphere builds
English and Welsh fans celebrate together as the two countries prepare to meet at the Stade Felix Bollaert-Delelis in Lens
England and Wales supporters congregate together in Lens ahead of the grudge match between the two countries
English fans show their passion outside the train station in Lille following the violence in the streets the previous night
Last night riot police fired tear gas at England fans involving in running brawls with Russian supporters, who were accused of launching bangers at them.
Within seconds the mob of England fans surged out from the bar and along the main road bringing traffic to a standstill.
Dozens of riot police ran through Lille with batons and shields and fans scattered as they approached
Chants of 'England, England,' went up and the mob ran at speed towards a side street chased by dozens of riot police.
When the police penned in a large group of fans they fired tear gas and charged at them with batons. Several fans were seen being led away.
Police in the city made 37 arrests. Fifty people were injured and 16 were taken to hospital.
Some England fans blamed a small minority of their countrymen for the violence.
The brawl broke out in a carriage between 15 passengers from the two countries, according to a report in the La Voix Du Nord newspaper.
Five were arrested for 'extreme drunkeness' when the train stopped at the station of Hazebrouck, after French police boarded the train.
The father-of-one was attacked with an iron bar by the gang of fearsome Russian hooligans. His brother, Dean, said he was showing signs of improvement.
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► geometry ► fabrication ► installation ► common
over conventional pile types
How do we design screw piles?
failure models ► direct pile design approach: LCPC method ► empirical approach: correlates installation effort to axial capacity
Deep foundations: carry tensile, compressive, and lateral loads Constructed of helical plates welded to hollow steel pipe
Emergence of Screw Piles
No related engineering literature exists prior to 1950s/1960s First use of screw piles: Maplin Sands light house in the Thames estuary in 1838
Inter-Helix Spacing Ratio = S/D
moment applied to the head of screw pile shaft, and pile “twisted” into the ground rate of penetration is one helix pitch per revolution Clip: courtesy of ALMITA Manufacturing
Rapid installation (typ. < 30 min per pile) Little installation noise or vibration No casing or dewatering required Lightweight installation equipment:
soft terrain areas of restricted access
Sustain load immediately after installation May be removed and re-used
temporary structures
Screw Pile Limitations
Not for use in very hard or rocky soils
may sustain damage to the helical plates piles may be removed and helices checked
Lack of acceptance/understanding in the engineering community
Typical Screw Pile Uses:
Pipeline foundations Earth retention systems Guy wire anchors
Ft. McMurray, Alberta: 27 cm (10 ¾ in) shaft, one or two 76 cm (30 in) helices, 6 m length
Warehouses Multi-family Housing Commercial Buildings Modular Homes
Hythe, Alberta: 22 cm (8 5/8 in) shaft, single 40 cm (16 in) helix, 8 m
Temporary Buildings Pump Jacks Compressors Tanks
Typically 18 cm (7 in) shaft, single 40 cm (16 in) helix, 7.5 m
Screw Pile Failure Models
► Cylindrical ► Individual
Plate-Bearing Model
Choice of the most representative model depends on the screw pile geometry, in particular the Inter-Helix Spacing Ratio (S/D)
Cylindrical Shear Model
After Narasimha Rao et al. (1991)
Effect of Inter-Helix Spacing Ratio (S/D)
S/D ≈ 1.5
Cylindrical surface fully forms
S/D ≈ 2
Cylindrical surface begins to deteriorate
S/D ≈ 4.5
Cylindrical surface nearly nonexistent
Summary: Failure Models
► Cylindrical
Shear Model:
Multi-helix screw piles, generally most representative for S/D <2
Plate Bearing Model:
Single-helix screw piles Multi-helix screw piles, applicable for S/D>2
Axial Capacity Prediction
Nq, Nqu)
of relevant soil strength parameters (su ,α, Φ,γ,
Direct Design Approach: LCPC Method
relates results of cone penetration test to ultimate axial screw pile capacity, with no intermediate determination of soil strength parameters
correlates measured installation torque to ultimate axial screw pile capacity
Established design method for predicting the axial capacity of conventional piles, based on sitespecific CPT LCPC method developed in France by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausees, based on results of many full-scale pile load tests (Bustamante and Gianeselli, 1982) Use of the CPT is advantageous because the test is fast, repeatable, and provides continuous profile of soil information
premise of LCPC method is to apply scaling (reduction) factors to CPT profile of tip resistance to calculate appropriate components of bearing resistance and friction/adhesion Qtotal = Qbearing + Qshaft + Qcylinder
Soil Type Bearing Skin friction Maximum unit Average CPT tip factor skin friction resistance over layer i capacity factor qc (kPa)
Soft clay and mud Moderately compact clay Silt and loose sand Compact to stiff clay and compact silt Soft chalk Moderately compact sand and gravel Weathered to fragmented chalk Compact to very compact sand and gravel <1,000 1,000 to 5,000 ≤ 5,000 > 5,000 ≤ 5,000 5,000 to 12,000 > 5,000 12,000 0.50 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.40 30 40 60 60 100 100 60 150
15 35 35 35 35 80 120 120
LCPC Calculation
Two 36 cm helices ► Spacing = 3D ► 21 cm shaft
qs = 35 kPa ► qb1 = 811 kPa ► qb2 = 990 kPa
Calculated Capacity in Compression: ► Cylindrical Shear: 188 kN ► Individual Plate Bearing: 209 kN Calculated Capacity in Tension: ► Cylindrical Shear: 160 kN ► Individual Plate Bearing: 180 kN
after Zhang (1999)
Measured Capacity: 210 kN in both tension and compression
LCPC Method—Compression
0 0.00 1.00 50 100 150 200 250
QLP, Cylindrical Shear Model QLP, Individual Plate Bearing Model QL, Cylindrical Shear Model QL, Individual Plate Bearing Model
26 axial load tests, 7 test sites: clay, sand, clay shale, glacial till
Qpredicted / Qmeasured
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 C1 C2 C3 T1 T2 T3 C4 C5 C6 T4 T5 T6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 T7 T8 T9 C16 C17
Test Pile Designation
Predicted to Measured Capacity, Cylindrical Shear Predicted to Measured Capacity, Individual Plate Bearing
Qpredicted/ Qmeasured
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 C1 C2 C3 T1 T2 T3 C4 C5 C6 T4 T5 T6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C16 C17
Empirical Torque Correlation
Direct empirical relationship between torque required to install a given screw pile and the pile’s ultimate axial capacity
Qultimate = Kt∙ T
(after Hoyt and Clemence,
Analogous to relationship between pile driving effort and pile capacity used for driven steel piles Can only predict capacity once pile is installed– best used for field-level verification of expected design capacities
Ultimate Axial Pile Capacity (kN)
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Installation Torque (kN-m)
Measured Data (11.4 cm shaft piles) Linear Regression, 11.4 cm shaft piles (Kt = 16.9 m-1) Measured Data (14.0 to 40.6 cm shaft piles) Linear Regression, 14.0 to 40.6 cm shaft piles (Kt = 9.19 m-1)
29 screw pile axial load tests, 10 test sites: sand, clay, glacial till, clay shale, sandstone
C1 C2 C3 T1 T2 T3 C4 C5 C6 T4 T5 T6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 T7 T8 T9 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20
piles have many advantages, such as ease of installation, immediate load-bearing capacity, no casing/dewatering required method provides good axial capacity prediction in clay and sand, but not suitable for glacial till soils correlation factors provide good capacity prediction for screw piles in a variety of soil types
► LCPC
► Torque
Dr. Dave Sego Gerry Cyre Peace Land Piling / Peace Land Power Ltd. ALMITA Manufacturing Ltd. ATCO Electric ConeTec Inc.
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Alberta Ingenuity Fund University of Alberta
Bustamante, M. and Gianeselli, L. 1982. Pile bearing capacity prediction by means of static penetrometer CPT. In Proceedings of the Second European Symposium on Penetration Testing, ESOPT-II. Amsterdam. Balkema Publisher, Rotterdam, Vol. 2, pp. 687-697. Narasimha Rao, S., Prasad, Y.V.S.N, and Shetty, M.D. 1991. The behavior of model screw piles in cohesive soils. Soils and Foundations, 31(2):35-50. Zhang, D. 1999. Predicting capacity of helical screw piles in Alberta soils. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
More From This UserStructural Design of Steel Latticed Towers[1]
Screw Piles Presentation Compressed by skumaran12.2K viewsEmbedDownloadDescriptionits very useful and advance foundation methodits very useful and advance foundation methodRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentShow moreShow less
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1-800-238-0767 Expedia.com • Hotels • United States of America • Michigan • Detroit Hotels • SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield, Detroit
SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield, Detroit, current page
International Auto Components Headquarters - 0.8 miles
Holocaust Memorial Center - 3 miles
Situated in the business district, this hotel is 1.2 mi (1.9 km) from International Auto Components Headquarters and within 6 mi (10 km) of Holocaust Memorial Center and Lawrence Technological University. Detroit Zoo and Oakland Hills Country Club are also within 9 mi (15 km). Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features an indoor pool, a fitness center, and a snack bar/deli. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a spa tub, coffee/tea in a common area, and a business center. Room Amenities
All 84 rooms feature kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi, free wired Internet, and plasma TVs with cable channels. Guests will also find sofa beds, sitting areas, and coffee makers. Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window Select to view moreAbout the Hotel Tab 1 of 2 selectedSelect to viewGuest Reviews Tab 2 of 2 SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield
In addition to an indoor pool, SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield provides a spa tub and a fitness center. The hotel offers a snack bar/deli. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. Business-related amenities at this 3-star property consist of a business center and a meeting room. This Southfield hotel also offers gift shops/newsstands, a picnic area, and coffee/tea in a common area. Onsite self parking is complimentary. SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield is a smoke-free property. Conference space size (feet) - 294 One meeting room Smoke-free property 24-hour front desk Number of floors - 3 Business center Free breakfast Coffee/tea in common areas Free newspapers in lobby Express check-in Fireplace in lobby Dry cleaning/laundry service Elevator/lift Express check-out Fitness facilities Gift shops or newsstand Free WiFi Laundry facilities Total number of rooms - 84 Picnic area Safe-deposit box at front desk Free self parking Snack bar/deli Spa tub Indoor pool Show all hotel amenities
Premium TV channels Pay movies Video-game console Separate sitting area Air conditioning In-room climate control (air conditioning) Free weekday newspaper Phone Free local calls Kitchenette Refrigerator Coffee/tea maker Microwave Shower/tub combination Free toiletries Hair dryer Iron/ironing board Daily housekeeping Sofa bed Cribs/infant beds available Cable TV service Plasma TV Free WiFi Free wired high-speed Internet Show all room amenities
Southfield SpringHill Suites
SpringHill Suites Detroit Hotel Southfield
SpringHill Suites Southfield
Springhill Suites Detroit Southfield Hotel Southfield
SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield Hotel
SpringHill Suites Detroit Hotel
SpringHill Suites Detroit
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Hampton Inn Farmington - Hotel Reviews & Price Comparison (MO) - TripAdvisor
“Stayed here for 7 nights while visiting family in...”
“This is a newer property and the staff reflects...”
“I stayed here on my trip to Bonne Terre mines. It...”
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#1 of 6 Hotels in Farmington Certificate of Excellence Hotel deals
850 Valley Creek Dr, Farmington, MO 63640-1969 Special OfferSTOP CLICKING AROUND
28 more photos Hotel & Grounds (4)View album Bathroom (3)View album Room/Suite (3)View album View All Photos Professional photosTraveler photos (15)View Map
Book on Check In Check Out 1 room 1 room 2 adults 2 adults 0 children 0 children Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age Age Update Search Update Rooms & rates for Hampton Inn Farmington We're finding you the best rooms at the lowest prices from our partner.Book on 4Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More Free Cancellation Best Price /night taxes & fees Select Show available rooms for Hampton Inn Farmington We’re sorry, there are no available rooms for this property on TripAdvisor. Please change dates or see offers from our partners.
4Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More Free Cancellation Best Price /night taxes & fees Select Check In Check Out 1 room 1 room 2 adults 2 adults 0 children 0 children Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age Age Update Search Show Room Prices {"BOOKING_FEATURES": ["IB_IRG_RATE_VERIFICATION","IB_STREAMLINED_SELECTED_ROOM","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN_US","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_EMAIL_FOR_INSECURE_LOGIN","RCMS_INLINE_ROOM_GRID_MAX_OCC","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS","IB_IRG_MATCH_META","MOB_BOOKING_EMAIL_AGREE_HIDE","CHILDREN_SEARCH","IB_EXPRESS_BOOK","IB_DW_INLINE_PASSWORD","HR_IB_EXCLUDE_TAXES_AND_FEES","IB_DW_CCNAME_WITH_AUTOCOMPLETE","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS_MOBILE","IB_BOOKNOW_CLEAN_WITH_ICON_SHORT_BTN","STORED_CARDS","IB_POST_BOOK_LOGIN_CTA","IB_PRICE_WINS_COPY","IB_DW_PROMPT_KNOWN_EMAIL","IB_PRICES_OUTSIDE_ROOM_BUTTON","IB_EXIT_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_AMENITIES_AS_ICONS","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW","META_AIR","IB_REVIEW_BOOKING_BUTTON","IB_INLINE_ROOM_GRID","IBEX_HIGH_EQUITY_BRANDING","IB_PRICE_WINS_POST_TX","IB_BOOKING_FORM_FAVICON","IB_KIPLINGER_AWARD","IB_URGENCY_BLOCK","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_POST_BOOK"] , "IMPRESSION_KEY": "3d628bc919f6442baeb611f1e2810f76", "roomSelectionModel": null, "ibAvailability": false, "metaAvailability": false, "numHacTries": -1, "checkIn": null, "checkOut": null, "lowestPrice": null, "hasDates": null, "hacComplete": false, "contentIdMappings": {}, "pollingEnabled": false, "preventScroll": false, "offerClickToken": null, "conditionalUpdate": false, "divClasses": "ppr_rup ppr_priv_ibex_inline_room_grid", "singlePartnerRoomGridWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid","template":"ibex_room_grid__widget","dust":{},"moduleList":["handlers","tracking"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid","js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))","tracking":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'tracking'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "multiPartnerRoomGridWidget": null, "mismatchMessage": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_mismatch_message","template":"ibex_mismatch_message__widget","dust":{},"moduleList":["handler"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_mismatch_message","js":{"handler":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handler'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "maxRoomsToShow": 300, "isTablet": false, "roomGridRowWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid_row","template":"ibex_room_grid_row__widget","dust":{"amenities":"ibex_room_grid_row__amenities","bed_config":"ibex_room_grid_row__bed_config","condition_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__condition_col","price_text":"ibex_room_grid_row__price_text","reservation_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__reservation_col"},"moduleList":[],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_row","js":{}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "mismatchMessageLightbox": null, "deviceInfo": "OtherOS OtherBrowser", "bookOnTripAdvisor": "Book on <img class=\"ibHeaderImg\" alt=\"TripAdvisor\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tacdn.com\/img2\/branding\/hotels\/sherpa-TA.png\"\/>"} {"widget":{"name":"ibex_photo_carousel","template":"ibex_photo_carousel__widget","dust":{"nav_controls":"ibex_photo_carousel__nav_controls"},"moduleList":["handlers"],"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_photo_carousel","js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}
386 Reviews from our TripAdvisor Community Read reviews that mention: All reviews pasta house
(2) There are newer reviews for Hampton Inn Farmington See the most recent reviews Showing 384:
reviews Clear all Lauren QFarmington, MO, United States1 review“Poor service, gross carpet”Reviewed October 28, 2015 After being ignored by the woman at the front desk when I tried to check in (she was on the phone), I was finally given my room key only to discover that the entirety of the carpet in the room was sticky. With what I do not know, nor do I want to know. Overall a pretty negative experience.Review collected in partnership with Hampton This business uses tools provided by TripAdvisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. ReportHelpful?Thank Lauren Q cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Lauren Q,
Thank you for sharing your experience with us. I sincerely apologize about your negative experience. If you would like to discuss your issue please feel free to reach out to me anytime. Thank you for staying with us and I hope you have a great day.
RTG-travlinConway, ArkansasLevel Contributor114 reviews18 hotel reviews54 helpful votes “Strange paint is unsetteling”Reviewed October 26, 2015 The outside of the hotel and the lobby are great. but the halls are painted lime green, and the rooms are a bright blue. For some reason this makes it hard to relax here, not sure why.
Outside of the strange paint the place is nice, the staff here is great, and the pool is really nice. ReportHelpful?Thank RTG-travlin cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear RTG-travlin,
Thank you for sharing your experience with us. I apologize you found the décor unsettling. I hope this will not detour you from coming back to see us. If you would like to discuss your stay, please feel free to contact me anytime. Thank you.
Carl MFarmington MO, United States1 review“Great Hotel ! ! !”Reviewed October 20, 2015 Clean top-notch. Complimentary breakfast was top tier -- especially the fresh fruit -- strawberries, blackberries, and blue berries. Overall a great value. Everything was as it should be -- sheets fresh and clean, as were the towels. No detractions at all . . .Review collected in partnership with Hampton This business uses tools provided by TripAdvisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. ReportHelpful?Thank Carl M cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Carl M,
Thank you for sharing your experience with us. Your feedback is always appreciated. We hope to see you again soon.
Jaynie HRosebush, MichiganLevel Contributor20 reviews10 helpful votes “Clean, quiet, and nice”Reviewed October 19, 2015 We stayed three nights while in town for a family event. The hotel was clean. The room was nice. The facility appeared to be well kept. We will probably stay there again if we visit in the future. The staff was very nice. ReportHelpful?Thank Jaynie H cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Jaynie H,
Thank you for taking the time to share you experience with us. Your feedback is appreciated. We hope to see you again soon!
James F1 review“Clean and comfortable”Reviewed October 14, 2015 Very clean and very comfortable which are the main things I am looking for in a hotel. The complimentary breakfast tasted great and there was a wonderful selection to choose from. The food was fresh and temperature appropriate to what it should be. I would stay here again if I am in this part of Missouri.Review collected in partnership with Hampton This business uses tools provided by TripAdvisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. ReportHelpful?Thank James F cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear James F,
Hello, I would like to thank you for sharing your experience with us. I am happy to hear that your stay was comfortable and that you enjoyed breakfast. We look forward to seeing you again!
Mike BSt. Louis, MOLevel Contributor44 reviews8 hotel reviews26 helpful votes “Family outing”Reviewed October 14, 2015 We were all together for a wedding. Out of a choice of three or four hotels in the immediate area, the Hampton Inn is by far the nicest and cleanest.
The front desk day person was very friendly, courteous and professional.
The room, though small, was very clean, with plenty of outlets for phone recharging, laptops, hair curlers, etc. ReportHelpful?Thank Mike B cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Mike B,
Hello, thank you so much for sharing your stay with us. Your feedback is always appreciated! We hope that you will be able to come see us again soon.
Trishjo22Peoria, IllinoisLevel Contributor31 reviews13 helpful votes “Clean and quiet rooms, with a very friendly staff”Reviewed October 11, 2015 I did a lot of searching to find a place near the Elephant Rocks Park area. I am very happy we decided to stay here. Decent size city to offset all the woodsy time we had. Nearby shopping and restaurants. ReportHelpful?Thank Trishjo22 cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Trishjo22,
Good afternoon! Thank you for sharing your experience with us. Im happy to hear you were able to enjoy the beautiful scenery our little town brings. We hope to see you again soon and have a great day!
MOwens1214Glasgow, KentuckyLevel Contributor69 reviews16 hotel reviews21 helpful votes “Great stay!”Reviewed October 9, 2015 via mobileEverything about the hotel was great - staff, accommodations and breakfast! Comfy beds - nice room. One of the best breakfasts I've had in a hotel - waffles (lots of topping options), yogurt, muffins, biscuits/gravy, eggs/omelet, oatmeal, cereal, fresh fruit, bagels, juices, and good coffee. Highly recommend. ReportHelpful?Thank MOwens1214 cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear MOwens1214,
Thank you for sharing your experience with us. Its so wonderful to hear that you stay went well with us. We hope to see you again soon!
Paula MBluffton, United StatesLevel Contributor4 reviews4 hotel reviews1 helpful vote “Love this place”Reviewed October 6, 2015 This hotel is a great place to stay when I'm in the area visiting family. The staff is amazing and the facility is lovely. It's always a pleasure to stay there. The rooms are clean and the location is great.Review collected in partnership with Hampton This business uses tools provided by TripAdvisor (or one of its official Review Collection Partners) to encourage and collect guest reviews, including this one. ReportHelpful?Thank Paula M cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear Paula M,
Thank you for taking the time to share your experience with us. Your feedback is appreciated and helpful. We hope to see you again soon!
2bcyclingGranite City, IllinoisLevel Contributor5 reviews“Friendly staff who wanted to be helpful in every way”Reviewed September 29, 2015 Rooms were clean,well appointed and best of all Quiet. In the morning we were able to have a quick cup of coffee before church and a great breakfast when we got back. Since we were going to the wineries in the area this was very close for all of us. After spending much of the day at several wineries we...More ReportHelpful?Thank 2bcycling cheyenne W, General Manager at Hampton Inn Farmington, responded to this reviewDear 2bcycling,
We appreciate you sharing your experience with us. I'm glad that you were able to see the wine country. Its beautiful this time of year! We hope to see you again soon.More Previous
Updating list... Questions? Get answers from hotel staff and past guests. Ask a question Explore similar hotels Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Farmington111 ReviewsShow Prices 0.1 miles Crown Pointe Lodge69 ReviewsShow Prices 1.4 miles Quality Inn Farmington19 ReviewsShow Prices 1.1 miles See all Farmington hotels Browse nearby
#2 of 6 in Farmington 111 reviews
Show Prices Show Prices Show Prices Near Hampton Inn Farmington Top-rated Attractions Nearby 37 Reviews St. Joe State Park
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more less Additional Information about Hampton Inn Farmington
Address: 850 Valley Creek Dr, Farmington, MO 63640-1969 Location:
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline, Orbitz, Hilton Hotels Direct and Hotels.com so you can book your Hampton Inn Farmington reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
Here's what travelers have asked, with answers from Hampton Inn Farmington staff and other travelers.
2 questions Ask a question Lrrich83
Do you offer a shuttle out to the brewery?
(2) Questions? Get answers from Hampton Inn Farmington staff and past guests.
Posting guidelines Get notified about new answers to your questions. Ask Typical questions asked: Can tickets for local attractions be purchased at the front desk? Do you have to pay extra for a mini-fridge? At what time does the pool open each day? See which rooms travelers prefer “Ask for the first floor, it really nice and quiet.”
kevinmP5951EQ, Jan 17, 2017
| Read review “We had a corner suite & it was large & quiet”
[email protected], Nov 1, 2016
| Read review “Being a Hilton Honors member we not only got free wifi,but checked in the day before & picked our own room from the website's floor plan.”
carolbI8703ML, Jul 12, 2016
| Read review “Make sure you tell them you are an AARP member if applicable.”
D-Tektn, Jan 17, 2016
| Read review “The rooms on the back have a view of retail and a freeway, the front - retail and parking.”
jaynieh2014, Oct 19, 2015
|
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First buy. How did I do? [5] : trees
2378 · 95 comments
1021 · 43 comments
2636 · 72 comments
First buy. How did I do? [5] (imgur.com)
Already smoked 2 grams. Bought 6.5g for $60. I live near Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[–]Jtfb74 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)
Very well young padawon
[–]BingBonggg 0 points1 point2 points 3 years ago (0 children)
Nice pickup my frient
Way better than anything I smoked as a sapling. Not quite the medical quality, but still looks very dank.
π Rendered by PID 99009 on app-430 at 2018-02-25 10:22:44.619745+00:00 running 7dd586d country code: US.
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Visit Vabbininfaru Beach in Maldives | Expedia
Vabbininfaru Beach Vabbininfaru Beach, current page
Vabbininfaru Beach Guide
If you are looking for Vabbininfaru Beach travel information, Expedia has you covered. When visiting Vabbininfaru Beach, Expedia can provide you with extensive Vabbininfaru Beach information, as well as great savings on nearby hotels and flights! Let Expedia help inspire your next travel plans!
If you are looking to discover Vabbininfaru Beach, Vabbininfaru Beach, leave plenty of time for sightseeing tours - you wouldn't want to miss out on top attractions like Vabbininfaru Beach! And before you go, make sure to read Expedia's Vabbininfaru Beach sightseeing & tourist guide, filled with all you need to know for the best Vabbininfaru Beach experience possible.
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Banyan Tree Vabbinfaru $562
Angsana Ihuru $338
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Grand Park Kodhipparu $468
This beachfront resort is located in Kuda Vattaru, where area attractions include Angsana Beach and Vabbininfaru Beach. Regional attractions also include Bandos Beach and Thulhagiri Beach.
This Thulhaagiri resort is on the beach, 0 mi (0 km) from Thulhagiri Beach, and within 6 mi (10 km) of Kuda Bandos Beach and Bandos Beach.
Huvafen Fushi Maldives $660
Nestled on the beach, this resort is in Huvafen Fushi, within the vicinity of Angsana Beach and Vabbininfaru Beach. Regional attractions also include Thulhagiri Beach and Madivaru.
Visit Vabbininfaru Beach
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Kayo Takahashi - Semantic Scholar
Bengt Långström24
Mats Bergström22
Yasuyoshi Watanabe13
14Yasuyoshi Watanabe
12Zachary E. Katsamanis
12David L. Alexoff
12Carolin W. Ehrlich
Kayo Takahashi, Mats Bergström, Pernilla Frändberg, Eva-Lotta Vesström, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Bengt Långström
Aromatase is an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens and may play a role in mood and mental status. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that brain aromatase distribution could be evaluated with a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [(11)C]vorozole. Vorozole is a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that reversibly binds to the heme… (More)
Kayo Takahashi, Takamitsu Hosoya, +10 authors Yasuyoshi Watanabe
UNLABELLED Aromatase (an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens) in the brain is involved in neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of sexual and emotional behaviors. To investigate the physiologic and pathologic importance of aromatase in the brain, including in humans, we here report the development of a novel PET probe for aromatase,… (More)
Makoto Ozawa, Kayo Takahashi, +8 authors Yasuyoshi Watanabe
UNLABELLED Aromatase is a rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis and has been implicated in pathophysiological states of various diseases via estrogen production. This enzyme is known to be widely distributed in extragonadal and gonadal tissues including the stomach. In contrast to circulating estrogen, the functional role of gastric… (More)
Regional brain disorders of serotonin neurotransmission are associated with functional dyspepsia.
Kazunari Tominaga, Chikako Tsumoto, +10 authors Tetsuo Arakawa
AIMS To elucidate the role of cerebral serotonin neurotransmission in visceral perception in functional dyspepsia (FD), we observationally examined the regional expression level of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and its correlation with clinical symptoms. MAIN METHODS FD patients (Rome III criteria; N=9, age range: 36-76years) and healthy controls (N=8,… (More)
Alteration in [11C]vorozole binding to aromatase in neuronal cells of rat brain induced by anabolic androgenic steroids and flutamide.
Kayo Takahashi, Yasuhisa Tamura, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Bengt Långström, Mats Bergström
In a previous study, we demonstrated that androgenic-anabolic steroids increased aromatase expression in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and preoptic area in rat brain, as evaluated using autoradiography with [11C]vorozole, a potential positron emission tomography tracer for aromatase. In this study, we explored whether the increase in aromatase binding… (More)
Kayo Takahashi, Mathias Hallberg, +4 authors Mats Bergström
In the present study, we investigated the alteration of aromatase expression in the brain by anabolic androgenic steroid treatment in male rats. The rats were given nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, and the brains were used for autoradiography with [C]vorozole, which has been developed as a positron emission tomography tracer for aromatase by… (More)
Kayo Takahashi, Kayo Onoe, +13 authors Yasuyoshi Watanabe
In an earlier study in rodents, we showed that the aromatase that converts androgens to estrogens in the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis was significantly increased in concentration after exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids. To confirm whether this occurs in primates, we conducted a positron emission tomographic study using macaque… (More)
Yasuhisa Tamura, Kayo Takahashi, +6 authors Yosky Kataoka
UNLABELLED Neural stem cells in two neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, can divide and produce new neurons throughout life. Hippocampal neurogenesis is related to emotions, including depression/anxiety, and the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, as well as learning and memory. The… (More)
Kayo Takahashi, Gen Yamagishi, +8 authors Takamitsu Hosoya
A practical method to prepare precursor of [N-methyl-(11)C]vorozole ([(11)C]vorozole), an efficient positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging aromatase in the living body, was established. Sufficient amount of the racemate including norvorozole, a demethylated vorozole derivative used as a precursor of [(11)C]vorozole, became available by means… (More)
Mari Miyajima, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, +4 authors Yuichi Sugiyama
The brain distribution of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors was investigated in mice to understand their interactions with brain aromatase. The brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,brain , mL/g brain) of anastrozole was 0.0299 ± 0.0068, which was lower than that of letrozole (0.383 ± 0.048) and vorozole (0.185 ± 0.031) despite their similar physicochemical properties.… (More)
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PC Lenovo S500 SFF Screen 19 " Intel i3-4130 RAM 16Go Disk 250Go Windows 10 Wifi | eBay
Details about PC Lenovo S500 SFF Screen 19 " Intel i3-4130 RAM 16Go Disk 250Go Windows 10 Wifi
PC Lenovo S500 SFF Screen 19 " Intel i3-4130 RAM 16Go Disk 250Go Windows 10 Wifi
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Patent US7645342 - Restricted radiated heating assembly for high temperature processing - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA vapor deposition reactor and associated method are disclosed that increase the lifetime and productivity of a filament-based resistive-heated vapor deposition system. The reactor and method provide for heating the filament while permitting the filament to move as it expands under the effect of increasing...http://www.google.com/patents/US7645342?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7645342 - Restricted radiated heating assembly for high temperature processingAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7645342 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/272,909Publication dateJan 12, 2010Filing dateNov 14, 2005Priority dateNov 15, 2004Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20060130763, US20100101495, WO2006060134A2, WO2006060134A3, WO2006060134A8Publication number11272909, 272909, US 7645342 B2, US 7645342B2, US-B2-7645342, US7645342 B2, US7645342B2InventorsDavid Todd Emerson, Robert Allen Garner, Michael John Bergmann, Keenan Carlyle Brown, Michael Allen Pennington, Thomas Goldthwaite ColemanOriginal AssigneeCree, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (26), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (4), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetRestricted radiated heating assembly for high temperature processingUS 7645342 B2Abstract A vapor deposition reactor and associated method are disclosed that increase the lifetime and productivity of a filament-based resistive-heated vapor deposition system. The reactor and method provide for heating the filament while permitting the filament to move as it expands under the effect of increasing temperature while limiting the expanding movement of the filament to an amount that prevents the expanding movement of the filament from creating undesired contact with any portions of the reactor.
1. A conductive filament for resistive heating in vapor deposition, said filament comprising:
a cathode contact and an anode contact;
a plurality of adjacent arc-shaped filament portions between said contacts, said plurality of arc-shaped filament portions having a generally concentric arrangement;
a plurality of respective semicircular turns connecting pairs of said arc-shaped filament portions, wherein a plurality of connected adjacent arc-shaped filament portions define corresponding arc-shaped openings therebetween; and
a plurality of said semicircular turns having an enlarged inner circumference and a width across the filament portion at said turn that is less than the width across said adjacent arc-shaped filament portions for reducing the difference in resistance between the inner and outer edges of said semicircular turn as current flows through said filament between said contacts.
2. A conductive filament according to claim 1 wherein said anode and cathode contacts are openings adjacent one another and adjacent the gap that defines the two ends of the filament for current flow purposes.
3. A conductive filament according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of pin openings for receiving mounting pins therethrough that limit, but do not proscribe, the expansion movement of said filament at high temperatures under the influence of current flowing through said filament.
4. A conductive filament according to claim 1 comprising between 4 and 16 of said turns.
5. A conductive filament according to claim 1 having a cross section in the form of a flattened rectangle.
6. A conductive filament according to claim 1 formed of a material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, rhenium, graphite, boron nitride, nickel chromium, iron nickel chromium, and silicon carbide.
This application claims priority from application Ser. No. 60/627,815 filed Nov. 15, 2004.
BACKGROUND The present invention relates to vapor deposition techniques for material growth and in particular relates to chemical vapor deposition growth of epitaxial layers of semiconductor materials.
The term �vapor deposition� is used to refer to a number of techniques in which gas phase precursors condense or react to form a layer of a desired material on a substrate. Similarly, the phrase �chemical vapor deposition� (�CVD�) is often used to refer to a growth technique in which gas compositions react on a substrate surface to produce a desired product in the form of a high purity; high crystal quality epitaxial layer. Such layers are required for a number of semiconductor devices including, but not limited to, light emitting diodes (�LEDs�).
The physical and chemical characteristics of many semiconductor materials requires that their growth using CVD or related techniques be carried out at relatively high temperatures. For example, semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) and associated Group III nitrides typically require CVD growth temperatures of at least about 600� C. Accordingly, the equipment used to carried out epitaxial growth must be able to generate, control and withstand such temperatures.
In relatively broad (but not limiting terms) a CVD reactor for epitaxial semiconductor growth typically includes a reaction chamber that can be evacuated to produce and control low gas pressures; a heating system; an inlet for reactant gases and an outlet for product gases; and some physical support (often a rotating support) for the substrate wafer(s) or wafer carrier(s) upon which growth will take place.
Several broad categories of heating techniques and systems are typically used for chemical vapor deposition. These include, but are not limited to, radio frequency (induction) heating; radiative heating; and resistive heating. The present invention relates to resistive heating.
Resistive heating is carried out by passing a current through a conductive filament, typically formed of particular metals, alloys, or other satisfactory materials (e.g. graphite). Although conductive, the filament is also selected so that a sufficient voltage applied to it will generate a current that heats the filament to relatively high temperatures. The filament will in turn heat the reactor, the growth substrate, and the reactants to the desired or necessary deposition temperatures.
Each of these heating techniques has inherent advantages and disadvantages. Ease of application is one advantage provided by resistive heating. The resistive element�i.e., the filament�is placed in close proximity to the sample to be heated (typically a semiconductor wafer or a carrier for semiconductor wafers). Direct or alternating current is applied to the filament and, as noted above, the element becomes hot as a function of the resistance of the filament and the current flowing through it. As the filament increases in temperature, it in turn heats the sample based upon the temperature of the filament and the distance between the filament and the sample.
Nevertheless, resistive heating also presents some inherent disadvantages. First, the filaments tend to expand at the high temperatures typically required for CVD. Such expansion frequently leads the filament to become distorted because of the difference in thermal properties (including coefficient of thermal expansion) between the filament and the various other components in the reactor. Such deformation can change the characteristics of the reactor's behavior from run to run and can reduce the lifetime of the heating assembly.
Second, resistive heating often creates large thermal gradients across portions of the reactor assembly. For example, in resistive heated deposition reactors, temperature changes of 500� C. or higher can occur across distances as small as 3 inches (75 mm). These large gradients can lead to cracking in the components.
Third, the electrodes that carry current to the filament are typically exposed to the growth environment and thus to the reactants, products, and by-products at high temperatures. As a result, undesired materials can accumulate on the electrodes and the electrodes can become electrically shorted to one another or to other components of the reactor.
Fourth, in some types of systems, the filaments are permitted to move inside of the growth apparatus as they expand and can form undesired electrical shunts (short circuits) with other components in the reactor. Additionally, such expansion can cause undesired contact between different portions of the same filament. Although not necessarily causing a short circuit, such filament self-contact can change the current flow (and thus the temperature) though the filament and lead to loss of temperature control or early degradation. These problems can become exacerbated when, as is typical in many reactors, more than one filament is used.
As another factor, the number of components required in a resistive heating assembly is relatively high providing a corresponding set of opportunities for component failure and overall difficulty.
As a specific example, resistive-heated chemical vapor deposition is one technique used to grow epitaxial layers of Group III nitrides on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates. In turn, such multiple epitaxial layers of Group III nitrides form the basis for light emitting diodes and diode lasers that, because of the wide bandgap of the Group III nitrides, can produce high frequency emissions in the blue, violet and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In turn, the ability to produce light at these frequencies offers the further opportunity to either drive phosphors that will emit white light or to combine blue emitting diodes with those emitting red and green light to produce white light within the visible spectrum.
In typical (but not limiting) techniques for growing Group III nitrides layers, a CVD reactor is typically used for between about four and five hours at a time to produce the desired layers of epitaxial growth. When one set is complete, the wafers or wafer carriers are removed from the chamber and are replaced with the next set of wafers upon which deposition is to be carried out. Each such cycle is commonly referred to as a �run,� and in conventional resistive-heated deposition reactors, between about 20 and 100 runs can be carried out before the chamber and its components must be cleaned, replaced, or both. Ordinary cleaning takes at least about two hours and more complex maintenance, considerably longer. The cumulative problems in resistive heating that have been noted herein tend to increase the frequency with which such maintenance or repair must take place.
As in any production technique, of course, reducing the frequency of disassembling, cleaning, or maintaining equipment corresponds to an increase in productivity and efficiency.
Accordingly, increasing the efficiency and throughput of such vapor deposition systems, and decreasing the frequency of maintenance and downtime, while maintaining the advantages of resistance heating, remains a worthwhile and desired goal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the invention is a conductive filament for resistive heating in vapor deposition that comprises a cathode contact and an anode contact, a plurality of concentrically adjacent arc-shaped portions between the contacts that define corresponding arc-shaped openings therebetween, a plurality of respective turns connecting pairs of the arc-shaped portions, with at least one of the turns having a width across the filament at the turn that is less than the width across the adjacent arc-shaped portions for reducing the difference in resistance between the inner and outer edges of the turn as current flows through the filament between the contacts.
In another aspect, the invention is a filament that includes a cathode contact and an anode contact, and annular metal portion between the contacts that forms most of a continuous circle while defining a small gap along the circumference of the circle that separates the contacts from one another and provides a current path between the contacts on a voltage is applied to the filament. The filament includes a plurality of non-circular closed plain curved openings along the continuous circle for receiving pin supports therethrough and for permitting the filament to move against, but not beyond, the pins as the filament expands and contracts.
In another aspect, the invention is a resistive-heated vapor deposition reactor that includes a reaction chamber, a gas inlet into the chamber and a gas outlet from the chamber, and at least one conductive filament in the chamber. The reactor includes means for preventing the conductive filament from unrestricted expansion and from contacting undesired portions of the reactor when the filament expands and contracts under the influence of applied current and resulting temperature changes.
In yet another aspect, the invention is a method of increasing the lifetime and productivity of a filament-based resistive-heated vapor deposition system. In this aspect the invention includes the steps of heating the filament while permitting the filament to move as it expands under the effect of increasing temperature and while limiting the expanding movement of the filament to an amount that prevents the expanding movement of the filament from creating undesired contact with any portion of the reactor, including the filament itself.
In another aspect, the invention is a conductive filament having a cathode contact and an anode contact and a rotational symmetry of order n, where n is at least 2, for minimizing the number of shapes the filament presents to current flowing therethrough during resistive heating.
In another aspect, the invention is a vapor deposition reactor that includes a reaction chamber, at least one conductive filament in the chamber, a pair of electrodes in the chamber and in electrical contact with the conductive filament, and insulating protective covers on portions of the electrodes for preventing deposition reactants, products and byproducts from undesirably contacting the electrodes.
In yet another aspect, the invention is a resistive-heated vapor deposition reactor that includes a reaction chamber, at least one conductive filament in the chamber, at least one heat shield between the filament and the floor of the reaction chamber for reducing heating away from the growth area of the chamber, the heat shield being thermally and chemically inert with respect to the other materials in the reactor, and a plurality of heat shield supports fixed, but not necessarily permanently, to the floor of the reaction chamber and to the heat shield for limiting the temperature-induced expansion movement of the heat shield in any manner that prevents the heat shield from coming into undesired contact with the filament or other portions of the reactor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vapor deposition reactor of the type used in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of portions of the floor of the reactor of FIG. 1 along with portions of the heat shields and filaments.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat shield and a filament according to the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a cross section taken along lines 3A-3A of FIG. 3.
FIG. 4A is a partial cutaway view of a portion of the filament of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 is another partial perspective view of a portion of a reactor according to the invention including the electrodes, straps, and filaments.
FIGS. 6 through 11 illustrate various filament shapes according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of a heat shield, two filaments, and filament separators according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 illustrates additional embodiments of the anode and cathode contacts for filaments according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 illustrates additional embodiments of the filament turns for filaments according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vapor deposition reactor broadly designated at 20. Although the invention will be described with respect to the figures, those of skill in this art will recognize that a number of variations on the exact type and style of the reactor can be used while still incorporating the claimed invention. Accordingly, FIG. 1 and the other figures herein, are exemplary rather than limiting of the invention.
The reactor 20 is generally cylindrical in shape and includes annular walls 21, a circular floor or base plate 22, and a circular top portion 23 that together define a chamber 28. In the style of reactor illustrated in FIG. 1, the top portion 23 also includes a gas inlet 24 and a manifold broadly designated at 25 (sometimes referred to as a �shower head�) for more evenly distributing incoming gases into the chamber 28 and across the substrates 26 upon which deposition growth is to take place.
The substrates 20 typically rest on a substrate support 27, and because the substrates 26 are usually semiconductor wafers, the support 27 is a typically a wafer carrier (with indented portions to maintain the wafers in place). In turn, the wafer carrier 27 is supported on a spindle 30 that is driven by a motor 31 to rotate the wafer carrier 27 and the wafers 26 during deposition growth. Again, those of skill in this art are familiar with this technique, and will recognize that the rotation takes place over a wide range of speeds, from a few tens of revolutions per minute (rpm) to several thousand rpm, with 1000 rpm being typical.
In order to heat the wafers 26, the reactor includes at least one conductive filament 32 in the chamber 28 that is defined by the reactor walls. Although the term filament will be used herein, those of skill in this art will recognize that other terms such as �heating element� are likewise used to describe the same part and its same function.
As illustrated herein, the filaments are substantially planar and circular in an overall (but not exact) sense. The planar design provides efficient heat transfer between the filament and the items or materials being heated, and the circular shape both matches the parameters of the reaction chamber and helps current flow more efficiently though the filament.
At least one heat shield 33 (perhaps best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3) is present in the chamber 28 between the filament 32 and the floor 22 of the reaction chamber 28 for reducing heating away from the growth area of the chamber. The heat shield 30 is thermally and chemically inert with respect to the other materials in the reactor, including the gas-phase reactants, products, and by-products. In one embodiment of reactors according to the invention the heat shield 33, and typically a plurality of heat shields as described below, is supported by a plurality of heat shield supports 34, which can also be referred to as �stand-offs.� The heat shield supports 34 are fixed, although not necessarily permanently, to the floor 22 of the reaction chamber 28 and to the heat shield or shields 33 for limiting the temperature-induced expansion movement, either horizontally or vertically, of the heat shield in any manner that prevents the heat shield 33 from coming into undesired contact with the filament 32 or with other portions of the reactor 20.
In preferred embodiments, the reactor 20 will include at least two heat shields each of which may be formed of a material different from the other in order to obtain desired composite properties. For example, the heat shield closest to the filament 32 is selected or tailored for its heat resistance or reflectance properties, while those beneath and supporting the upper heat shields can be selected for other structural advantages. The heat shields are preferably formed of materials selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium zirconium molybdenum alloy (�TZM�), tungsten, quartz, boron nitride, sapphire, and silicon carbide. The heat shields are placed in close proximity to one another with a 0.05-0.1 inch (1.2-2.5 mm) separation being typical. Spacers (FIGS. 3A and 4) between the heat shields maintain them in the desired positions.
As at least partially illustrated by FIG. 1, reactant gases flowing into the chamber 28 through the inlet 24 and the manifold 25 are heated by the filament 32 as are the wafers 26. Following the appropriate reaction and deposition, the by-product gases can exit the chamber 28 through a gas outlet 35.
FIG. 1 also illustrates that each filament 32 in the chamber is in electrical contact with a respective pair of electrodes 36 and 37 that are also illustrated in FIG. 2 and other of the drawings. In normal fashion, one of the electrodes serves as the anode and the other as the cathode for applying either a direct or alternating current to the filaments to create the desired heating effect. In turn, the electrodes 36, 37 are connected to an appropriate power supply (not shown) through the conductive fasteners 40 and 41.
FIG. 1 also illustrates respective ceramic insulating covers 42 and 43 on portions of the electrodes 36 (which are typically formed of copper). The ceramic covers 42, 43 on the electrodes prevent deposition reactants, products and by-products from undesirably contacting the electrodes during growth processes. By avoiding such contact, the covers 42, 43 help prevent the creation of undesired shunts or short circuits between and among the electrodes and other items in the reactor 20 and thus increase the lifetime of the reactor between cleaning cycles and similar maintenance. Exemplary (but not limiting) materials for the covers 42, 43 can include alumina, sapphire, and boron nitride.
FIG. 1 illustrates the ceramic electrode covers as being a single piece that extends from the portions inside the chamber 28 through the floor 22 and toward or to the flanges 45, 46. It will be understood, however, that the ceramic insulators can also be comprise several separate portions, for example a portion inside the chamber 28 combined with a vacuum seal at the floor 22 to accomplish the same purpose.
Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, those of skill in this art recognize that chemical vapor deposition, particularly for high quality epitaxy, is carried out in optimized and carefully controlled reaction environments at both low and high pressures. Thus, the reactor 20 must be able to contain and withstand such low pressures and in turn the elements of the reactor 20 that have portions both inside and outside of the chamber 28 (such as the electrodes 36, 37 and the spindle 30) must be carefully sealed to avoid loss of control over the desired low-pressure environment. Accordingly, a vacuum collar 44 surrounds the spindle 30 to maintain the vacuum integrity of the chamber 28 and the flanges 45 and 46 are used for similar purposes to control pressure at the electrodes 36 and 37.
FIG. 2 illustrates these and other aspects of the invention in different and additional detail. First, FIG. 2 shows that the reactor 20 typically includes at least two, and sometimes up to five, filaments. FIG. 2 illustrates an outer filament 47 and an inner filament 50 (the outer filament is also illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 11). The outer filament 47 includes respective anode and cathode contacts 51 and 52 and the inner filament includes anode and cathode contacts 53 and 54.
The contacts in turn are physically and electrically connected to respective conductive straps, all of which are designated at 55. The straps 55 provide a physical and electrical contact between the respective filaments 47 and 50 and the electrodes 36 and 37. In the illustrated embodiment, the conductive straps 55 have respective horizontal and vertical portions that form an L-shape for positioning the filaments 47, 50 in electrical contact with the electrodes 36, 37 other than in direct alignment with the electrodes 36, 37. This enables different sizes of filaments to be used in the same reactor without requiring the electrodes to be permanently or temporarily repositioned. In particular, the size and shape of the straps 55 can be selected to match a variety of filament sizes and shapes and to connect them with the electrodes 36, 37 with relative ease. In preferred embodiments, the conductive straps 55 can be rigid or flexible and are formed such that they are of lower resistance than the filaments 47, 50. Since resistance is a function of both resistivity and geometry of the strap material, the low resistance is achieved through proper selection of material as well as proper design of the straps. Such low resistance of the straps in comparison to the filaments helps minimize excessive heating in the growth chamber at regions other than the growth area without the addition of water or other cooling to portions of the heating assembly within the growth chamber. Preferred strap material includes tungsten, molybdenum, and rhenium. Preferred materials include tungsten or rhenium.
FIG. 2 also illustrates the heat shield supports 34 which in the illustrated embodiment are fastened to a mounting plate 57 that is annular in shape and that can be removed (along with the supports 34) from the floor 22 of the chamber 28. This permits another mounting plate that is otherwise of the same size, but that carries different heat shields and filaments, to be readily substituted in the reactor 20. In another embodiment, the heat shield supports 34 may be connected directly to the floor 22 of the chamber 28.
FIG. 2 also illustrates appropriate openings 60 through which bolts or other fastening devices can be inserted to fix the floor 22 of the reactor 20 to the annular walls 21 in the relationship illustrated in FIG. 1. The floor 22 may also be attached to the chamber 28 by means of clamps, straps, or other appropriate attachment mechanism.
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an outer filament 47 in greater detail. FIG. 3 shows the outer filament 47 in context above a plurality of heat shields 33, three of which are illustrated. The filament 47 includes a cathode contact and an anode contact which are formed of openings adjacent one another in the annular filament 47. In this embodiment, the filament 47 forms most of a continuous circle while defining a small gap illustrated at 60 along the circumference of the circle that separates the contacts from one another and provides a current path between the contacts when a voltage is applied to the filament 47.
As is illustrated with respect to FIG. 11 and some of the other drawings, the contacts are in the form of small openings 61, 62 through which conductive bolts 63 and 64 (FIG. 3) are inserted to complete the electrical contact. As can be seen in FIG. 3.1, a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 taken along line 5-5, the filament is bolted to the conductive strap via a conductive bolt. This assembly is isolated from the heat shields either via a suitably selected insulating material.
Also as illustrated with respect to FIG. 11 and some of the other drawings, the movement of the filament 47 is selectively restricted through the appropriate use of pins 67 inserted through holes 65 in the filament 47 and into insulating anchors 69 fixed loosely to one or more of the supporting heat shields 33. In the combination of pins 67 and anchors 69, one of the pin/anchor pair can be conducting, but not both. Some of these aspects are also illustrated in FIG. 4 in which one of the pins 67 is shown in a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 3. FIG. 4, together with FIG. 4A illustrates that the filament 47 defines a plurality of closed plane curved openings 65. These openings (which are curved, but do not necessarily form a single geometric curve such as an ellipse or a circle), receive the pin 67 therethrough. Because each opening 65 is bigger than the corresponding pin 67, the plurality of openings 65 permit the filament 47 to move against but not beyond the pins 67 as the filament 47 expands and contracts. In a preferred embodiment, these openings are non-circular with the specific shape chosen by the ultimate filament temperature and filament geometry. The material of the pin/pin anchor combination should be chosen to prevent current from flowing from the filament, through the pin and the pin anchor, and subsequently into the heat shield. Accordingly, at least one of the pin and pin anchor pair should be made of an insulating material such as alumina, boron nitride, or sapphire. The other component may be made of a conductive material such as tungsten, TZM, molybdenum, or rhenium.
FIG. 4 also illustrates that the heat shields 33, 33′, and 33″ are spaced apart from one another (to avoid conducting heating among them) and are maintained in the spaced relationship by respective insulating supports 38. The pin 67 (which in other embodiments may be in the form of a nut and bolt) is also insulated with an insulating cover 39. Alternatively, the pin 67 itself may be formed of an appropriate insulating material.
FIG. 3A illustrates the conductive connection in cross section and shows the conductive pin (or bolt) 63 along with the filament 47 and the heat shields 33, 33′, and 33″. The conductive pin 63 is in contact with the strap 55 and is electrically insulated from the heat shields by the insulating cover 48.
FIG. 4A illustrates that in one embodiment, the filament 47 includes a plurality of tab portions 66 that extend outwardly from the perimeter of the annular filament 47 and with the non-circular closed plane curved openings 65 being located in the tabs for providing a less complex current flow path through the filament 47 in the presence of the openings 66. Although in the illustrated embodiment (FIG. 3) the filament 47 has four of the pin holes, it will be understood that this is illustrative rather than limiting and that a larger or smaller number of holes and pins can be used consisted with the function of permitting some, but not unlimited, free expansion of the filament during heating.
As illustrated in FIG. 3 and elsewhere, in most embodiments the conductive filaments of the invention will have a flat rectangular cross-section. Although the invention is not limited to the flat cross-section, and other shapes can be used, the flat rectangular cross section provides an efficient structure for radiating heat towards the growth substrate, particularly in the presence of the heat shields.
Similarly, filaments according to the invention are typically formed of a material selected from the group consisting of (but not limited to) tungsten, rhenium, graphite, boron nitride, nickel chromium, iron nickel chromium, and silicon carbide.
The contacting pins 63 and 64 are formed of an electrically conductive material, while the pins 67 used to constrain expansion are preferably heat-resistant and electrically insulating to avoid interfering with current flow through the filament 47 and they likewise electrically insulate the filament 47 from the heat shield 33 and from other portions of the reactor 20.
FIG. 3 also illustrates some of the potential relationships between the heat shields 33 and the pins 67. In particular, FIG. 3 illustrates a stack of three heat shields 33, 33′, and 33″. These are also illustrated in cross-section in FIG. 4. For a number of reasons, in the illustrated embodiments the top heat shield 33 is not physically attached to the pins 67, but instead includes the numerous openings illustrated at 38 (only some of which carry reference numerals for clarity's sake) through which the pins 67 supporting the filaments extend. Not all of the openings 38 are necessarily associated with pins 67 whose purpose is to restrict the motion of the filament. Some of them are present to locate filament supports to physically support the filament in the vertical direction while having no intentional effect on the horizontal movement of the filament. In the locations 38 whose purpose is to fix the motion of the filament in the horizontal direction, the pins 67 can comprise the rivet-like arrangement (FIG. 4) that passes through all three of the heat shields. Alternatively, (and not illustrated), one of the lower two heat shields 33′ or 33″ can form a structure in which the desired number of pins are fixed to its surface and extend upwardly. In either case, the top heat shield 33 fits over the upwardly extending pins 67 and rests upon the lower heat shields 33′ and 33″.
There is no particular theoretical limit to the number of heat shields, but from practical standpoint two or three usually suffice to provide the desired combination of properties with five being a typical (but not absolute) maximum.
Similarly, although there is no theoretical limit to the number of filaments in the chamber 28, practical limitations make the use of between two and five most convenient. If each individual filament is individually controlled, the thermal profile generated by the filaments can likewise be controlled to in turn help control the overall thermal profile of the chamber during deposition growth. Such arrangements and adjustments are well understood by those of ordinary skill in this art and will not the otherwise described in detail herein.
FIG. 5 illustrates additional aspects of the invention, including the outer 47 and inner 50 filaments, the electrodes 36, 37, and the conductive straps 55. FIG. 5 also illustrates a pair of insulating strap covers 57 that are positioned on the horizontal portions of the conductive straps 55. The insulating strap covers 57 protect the straps 55 from coming into contact with undesired materials that might otherwise cause a shunt or short circuit between the straps 55 themselves (and thus between the electrodes 36, 37) or between the straps and other electrically conductive portions of the reactor. In particular, given the rotation speed of typical wafer supports as described above, wafers can occasionally become dislodged from the wafer carrier. Given that such wafers are usually either conductive or semiconductive, they can strike the electrodes 36, 37 or the straps 55 and create the undesired shunts or short circuits. Such a short circuit, of course, immediately ruins the ongoing run and can damage the straps, the electrodes or other parts of the reactor. The insulating strap covers 57 can be designed so as to insulate the vertical parts of the conductive straps 55 and electrodes 36,37.
FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of a conductive filament according to the present invention. The filament includes the cathode and anode contacts 53 and 54 in the form of small holes through which electrical contact can be made to the filament 50. The filament is formed of a plurality of generally concentric and adjacent arc-shaped portions 70 between the contacts 53, with the arc shaped portions 70 defining arc shaped openings in between.
A plurality of turns 71 connect respective pairs of the arc shaped portions 70. Each of the turns has a width across the filament 50 at the turn 71 that is less than the width across the adjacent arc-shaped portions 70 for reducing the difference in resistance between inner and outer edges of the turn 71 as current flows through the filament 50 between the contacts 53, 54.
Stated differently, because in most circumstances the filament 50 has a uniform composition throughout, the resistance through any portion of the filament is directly proportional to the length of that portion. As a result, because the length around the inner circumference of a turn 71 is less than the length around the outer circumference of a turn 71, the resistance at the inside circumference of the turns 71 is less than the resistance at the outside circumference. As a result, current flows more easily along the inner circumference of the turns 71 than it does along the outer circumference. The difference in current flow can be significant and can cause a correspondingly significant temperature difference. In turn, the temperature difference across the turn 71 can cause the expansion, distortion, damage and degradation problems that the invention moderates or eliminates. Accordingly, incorporating the larger inner circumference indicated at 72 in each of the turns reduces the resistance difference, the current flow difference, and the temperature difference across the turn 71.
As FIG. 6 illustrates, in typical embodiments the anode and cathode contacts 53, 54 comprise openings adjacent one another and adjacent a small gap that defines the two ends of the filament for current flow purposes.
Accordingly, in the illustrated embodiment, which is exemplary rather than limiting, the filament includes eleven (depending upon how they are arbitrarily defined and counted) arc-shaped portions 70 and nine of the turns 71 with their enlarged openings 72.
FIG. 6 also illustrates that the conductive filament 70 has a cross-section in the form of a flattened rectangle and that the arc-shaped portions 70 are in a generally concentric arrangement with one another even though they do not necessarily define concentric circles in the absolute sense of that word.
FIG. 6 also illustrates that the filament 50 includes a plurality of pin openings 73 for receiving mounting pins therethrough that limit, but do not proscribe, the expansion movement of the filament 50 at high temperatures under the influence of current flowing through the filament. As set forth elsewhere herein, one of the problems in resistive heating is the distortion that results when filaments are completely fixed in place or completely free to expand in an uncontrolled manner. By incorporating the pin openings and pins (as described elsewhere herein), the present invention allows the filament to expand and contract in a controlled fashion that avoids the problems of both fixed filaments and unrestrained filaments.
FIGS. 7 through 10 illustrate other embodiments of the filament. In particular, FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 illustrate filaments that are symmetric in some fashion. For example, in FIG. 7 the filament 68 is symmetric across a mirror plane passing perpendicularly through the electrode openings 53, 54 and the respective turns 71. A symmetrical filament offers the advantage of reducing the number of different shapes of electrode material through which current must flow. This correspondingly reduces the number of different current paths and thus reduces the resistance differences as current flows through different portions of the filament. In turn, in a manner discussed above, minimizing the resistance differences as current flows through the design correspondingly directly minimizes the resulting temperature differences. This in turn minimizes the distortion and degradation problems associated with conventional filament designs.
As illustrated in FIG. 7 and elsewhere, the edges of the filaments adjacent the electrode contact openings 53, 54 are typically formed into oblique geometries rather than rectangular ends. In a manner similar to the effect of the turns 71 in the filaments, these oblique ends help reduce localize resistance differences and thus in the current flow at these portions of the filament. This is also helpful given that current will tend to flow predominantly in one direction with respect to the electrode holes 53, 54 and is less likely to flow in the small portion between the electrode hole and the absolute end of the filament.
FIG. 8 is an example of another filament design 77 according to the invention that has the anode and cathode contacts 53, 54 as described earlier. With the exception of the contacts 53, 54, the filament 77 has a rotational symmetry of order n, where in is at least 2 for minimizing the number of shapes the filament presents to current flowing therethrough during resistance heating. In particular, the metal filament illustrated in FIG. 8 has a rotational symmetry of order 8, with the exception of the portion where the electrodes 53, 54 are present. Stated in different terms, the filament 77 in FIG. 8 is formed of two types of shapes: the longer U-shaped sections 80 and the shorter U-shaped sections 81. As just described with respect to other filament designs, reducing the overall number of different shapes in a given filament design correspondingly reduces the variation in current flow through the filament thus reduces the variations in thermal expansion and thus increases the lifetime of the filament and potentially of the reactor in which the filament is used.
FIG. 9 is another example of a filament designated at 83 that has a high order of rotational symmetry. The filament 83 again includes the anode and cathode contact openings 53, 54 and likewise is highly symmetrical and presents only the large U-shaped portions 84 and the intermediate linear perimeter or portions 85.
FIG. 10 is another example of a filament designated at 87 that has respective concentric portions 70 and turns 71 as previously described. This pattern, although not of high order symmetry, provides consistently arranged concentric portions that also reduce the current flow variations and thus reduce the temperature variations across this filament.
In typical embodiments, the filaments illustrated in FIGS. 6 through 10 all include the pin openings 73 so that the respective filaments can be mounted for controlled, but not unlimited, movement during expansion and contraction.
FIG. 11 illustrates an outer filament 90 functionally very similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 3, but with the closed curve plane openings 65 being positioned more along the center line of the filament.
In another aspect, the invention comprises a resistive-heated vapor deposition reactor formed of the reaction chamber 28 the gas inlets and outlets 24, 35, the filaments (e.g. 47, 50), and means for preventing the conductive filaments from unrestricted expansion and from contacting undesired portions of the reactor, heating assembly, or wafer carrier, when the filament expands and contracts under the influence of applied current in resulting temperature changes.
As illustrated for example in FIGS. 2 and 3, in some embodiments the preventing means comprises the plurality of fixed pins 67 in the chamber and the plurality of pin openings 65 or 73 in the filaments for receiving the pins 67 in the openings 73 to thereby limit the movement of the filament when the filament is heated by the application of the current therethrough. In preferred embodiments and as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the reactor 20 typically includes at least the heat shield 33 with the pins 67 either fixed to or extending from the heat shield 33.
Alternatively, and as illustrated in FIG. 12, the preventing means can comprise the upwardly projecting tabs or cradles 92 that are positioned in the openings between the arc-shaped portions 70 of the filament 50. It will be understood that the shapes and positions of the tabs 92 can be selected to complement individual filaments and that the relationship among the illustrated filament 50, its arc-shaped portions 70 and the illustrated tabs 92 is exemplary rather than limiting of this structural feature and its function. The tabs 92 are formed of an insulating material with alumina being satisfactory in many cases.
In another aspect the invention is a method of increasing the lifetime and productivity of filament based resistive heated vapor deposition system. In this aspect, the method comprises heating the filament while permitting the filament to move as it expands under the effect of increasing temperature while limiting the movement of the filament to an amount that prevents the expanding movement of the filament from creating undesired contact with any portions of the reactor, including undesired expanded contact with itself across the gaps. The method prevents both undesired physical and electrical contact with other portions of the reactor and the filament.
FIG. 13 illustrates that the anode or cathode contacts on the filament 47 can be designed in a plurality of geometries in order to increase the filament lifetime and to enhance the process performance. FIG. 13(A, B, and C) is, of course, exemplary of these designs (as are for example FIGS. 7 and 8) rather than limiting.
Similarly, FIG. 14(A, B, and C) respectively illustrates additional embodiments of the turns in the filaments 47. It will likewise be understood that the turns can be optimized to minimize warping and increase the uniformity of the heating step.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4421786Jun 1, 1982Dec 20, 1983Western Electric Co.Chemical vapor deposition reactor for silicon epitaxial processesUS4777022 *Aug 28, 1984Oct 11, 1988Stephen I. BoldishEnvelope supporting heater core and semiconductor; buffer for uniform heat distributionUS5059770Sep 19, 1989Oct 22, 1991Watkins-Johnson CompanyMulti-zone planar heater assembly and method of operationUS5343022 *Sep 29, 1992Aug 30, 1994Advanced Ceramics CorporationPyrolytic boron nitride heating unitUS5536918May 16, 1994Jul 16, 1996Tokyo Electron Sagami Kabushiki KaishaHeat treatment apparatus utilizing flat heating elements for treating semiconductor wafersUS5688331 *Jul 1, 1996Nov 18, 1997Applied Materisls, Inc.Resistance heated stem mounted aluminum susceptor assemblyUS5759281 *Jun 30, 1997Jun 2, 1998Emcore CorporationCVD reactor for uniform heating with radiant heating filamentsUS5911896 *Jun 25, 1997Jun 15, 1999Brooks Automation, Inc.Substrate heating apparatus with glass-ceramic panels and thin film ribbon heater elementUS6025575Sep 3, 1998Feb 15, 2000Lg Semicon Co., Ltd.Heating apparatus for chemical vapor deposition equipmentUS6153522Oct 28, 1998Nov 28, 2000Fujitsu LimitedSemiconductor device manufacturing methodUS6368404Apr 23, 1999Apr 9, 2002Emcore CorporationInduction heated chemical vapor deposition reactorUS6492625Sep 27, 2000Dec 10, 2002Emcore CorporationApparatus and method for controlling temperature uniformity of substratesUS6506252Feb 7, 2001Jan 14, 2003Emcore CorporationSusceptorless reactor for growing epitaxial layers on wafers by chemical vapor depositionUS6547876 *Feb 7, 2001Apr 15, 2003Emcore CorporationApparatus for growing epitaxial layers on wafers by chemical vapor depositionUS6582780 *Feb 23, 2000Jun 24, 2003Si Diamond Technology, Inc.Rotating cooler prevents carbonizationUS20020195441Aug 5, 2002Dec 26, 2002Ibiden Co., Ltd.Ceramic heaterUS20030121898Nov 22, 2002Jul 3, 2003Tom KaneFor semiconductor wafers; uniform temperature distributionUS20030124820 *Apr 10, 2002Jul 3, 2003Johnsgard Kristian E.Systems and methods for epitaxially depositing films on a semiconductor substrateUS20050045618 *Jul 8, 2002Mar 3, 2005Ibiden Co., Ltd.Ceramic heater and ceramic joined articleUS20050133159Nov 24, 2004Jun 23, 2005Johnsgard Kristian E.Systems and methods for epitaxially depositing films on a semiconductor substrateUS20060157472Aug 20, 2003Jul 20, 2006Kazutaka MashimaMetal heaterEP1391919A1Apr 11, 2002Feb 25, 2004Ibiden Co., Ltd.Ceramic heater for semiconductor manufactring/inspecting apparatusEP1406472A1Jul 8, 2002Apr 7, 2004Ibiden Co., Ltd.Ceramic heater and ceramic joined articleTW569643B Title not availableWO2002084710A2Apr 12, 2002Oct 24, 2002Mattson Tech IncSystems and methods for epitaxially depositing filmsWO2004019658A1Aug 20, 2003Mar 4, 2004Hiramatsu YasujiMetal heater* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *Arc. (2007). In The American Heritage(R) Dictionary of the English Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved Sep. 19, 2008, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/6990832/.2 *Arc. (2007). In The American Heritage� Dictionary of the English Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved Sep. 19, 2008, from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/6990832/.3J. Brothier, Authorized Officer, International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2005/040786, Mailed Mar. 21, 2007, 3 pages.4ROC (Taiwan) Search Report for foreign counterpart application No. 094140105, completed Sep. 23, 2008, 2 pages.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7897523 *Jan 27, 2009Mar 1, 2011Canon Anelva Engineering CorporationSubstrate heating apparatus, heating method, and semiconductor device manufacturing methodUS8283606 *Aug 5, 2008Oct 9, 2012Tokyo Electron LimitedSubstrate processing apparatus and substrate stage used thereinUS8778079Oct 9, 2008Jul 15, 2014Valence Process Equipment, Inc.Chemical vapor deposition reactorUS20090078694 *Aug 5, 2008Mar 26, 2009Tokyo Electron LimitedSubstrate processing apparatus and substrate stage used therein* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification118/725, 156/345.52International ClassificationC23C16/00, C23F1/00, H01L21/306Cooperative ClassificationC30B25/105, H01L21/67103, C23C16/46European ClassificationH01L21/67S2H2, C30B25/10B, C23C16/46Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 11, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 8, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: CREE, INC., NORTH CAROLINAFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT ASSIGNOR S NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 017621 FRAME 0645;ASSIGNORS:EMERSON, DAVID;GARNER, ROBERT;BERGMANN, MICHAEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017970/0724;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051216 TO 20060126Feb 27, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: CREE, INC., NORTH CAROLINAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EMERSON, DAVID;GARNER, ROBERT;BERGMANN, MICHAEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017621/0645;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051216 TO 20060126RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google
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Nike Zoom Victory Track Spike 3 2 Oz Various Sizes | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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silverlight - HttpWebRequest.BeginGetResponse results in System.NotSupportedException on Windows Phone - Stack Overflow
I realise that similar questions have been asked before however none of the solutions provided worked.
Examining the token returned from the BeginGetResponse method I see that the following exception is thrown there:
'token.AsyncWaitHandle' threw an exception of type 'System.NotSupportedException'
This page tells me that this exception means the Callback parameter is Nothing, however I'm passing the callback - and the debugger breaks into the callback method when I insert a breakpoint. However the request object in the callback is always null. I can view the same exception detail in the result object in the callback method.
I've tried using new AsyncCallback(ProcessResponse) when calling BeginGetResponse
I've tried adding request.AllowReadStreamBuffering = true;
I've tried this in-emulator and on-device, with no luck on either.
public static void GetQuakes(int numDays)
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://magma.geonet.org.nz/services/quake/geojson/quake?numberDays=" + numDays);
// Examining this token reveals the exception.
var token = request.BeginGetResponse(ProcessResponse, request);
static void ProcessResponse(IAsyncResult result)
So I'm at a bit of a loss as to where to look next.
silverlight windows-phone-7 httpwebrequest share|improve this question asked Apr 10 '12 at 20:53
5,84031948
Bizarre. What wasn't working this morning, now is when I return home. The if (request != null) statement was always evaluating as false - ran the exact same code with no edits this evening and it evaluates true.
Apr 11 '12 at 6:18
I am facing this error, but I have no idea how to fix it
– Donald Jansen
'token.AsyncWaitHandle' threw an exception of type
'System.NotSupportedException'
This page tells me that this exception means the Callback parameter is
The documentation you are looking at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.net.httpwebrequest.begingetresponse%28v=vs.95%29.aspx is for BeginGetResponse. Silverlight does not use the AsyncWaitHandle, and correctly throws a NotSupportedException. You are seeing the exception System.NotSupportedException is for call to IAsyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle you are making when you inspect token.
The documentation on IAsyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle says explicitly that it is up to the implementation of IAsyncResult whether they create a wait handle http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.iasyncresult.asyncwaithandle(v=vs.95).aspx. Worrying about this is sending you down th wrong path.
I think you need to descibe the actual problem you are seeing. It is great to know what you have investigated, but in this case it does help resolve the problem.
The code should work and in ProcessResponse request should not be null when you test it in the if statement. I just copied the code you have provided into a windows phone application and ran it with no problems.
share|improve this answer answered Apr 10 '12 at 22:33
3,35311733
My problem is that I never get to the 'do stuff' part - in the callback, request is always null. Edit: Ah, after reading the documentation further as you pointed out, I see that that error is expected on inspecting the token. I guess I just jumped on that as the problem. Anyway, the if statement never evaluates to true.
Apr 11 '12 at 1:42
I got home from work just now and the code now appears to work fine - how very strange. Perhaps doing development work before 8am isn't such a great idea.
I am glad that it works. Shows how easy it is to chase the rabbit down the hole when debugging.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged silverlight windows-phone-7 httpwebrequest or ask your own question. asked
HttpWebRequest on Wp7 AsyncWaitHandle has System.NotSupportedException
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The behaviour I'm seeing on screen is this: the dots are drawn and the map adjusts it's zoom accordingly (part of the timeConsumingOperation), then the HUD appears on screen, then nothing. All three NSLogs appear instantly, even though showLoadingConfirmation does not happen until timeConsumingOperation
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Arizona Diamondbacks' Dan Haren looks to overcome second-half woes - Fantasy Baseball - ESPN
Haren looks to end second-half woes
Updated: August 28, 2009, 4:49 PM ET
Watch out for Danny this weekend! We're not talking about the tropical storm that is working its way up the Atlantic coastline, though certainly he might well have an impact on the weekend's schedule, depending on when, where and if he decides to come ashore. Instead, we're talking about Arizona starter Dan Haren. The rap on Haren is well documented: "Steer clear of him once the second half starts." True, he has a 4.17 ERA after the All-Star break as opposed to a 3.08 ERA prior to the ...Read full story
Daily Notes for Friday: Hanson versus the Phils
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Thursday 23 ROCKVILLE HISTORY DISCUSSION, for seniors, "History of Georgetown Road," presented by the center's This 'N' That club. 1 p.m., Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington, 6125 Montrose Rd., Rockville. Free. 301-881-0100.
BETHESDA STORY TIME, for children 3-6, stories, songs and activities for preschoolers. 10:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., Little Falls Community Library, 5501 Massachusetts Ave., Bethesda. Free. 301-320-4880.
GERMANTOWN FOSTER PARENTING, for Montgomery County residents only, an information meeting for prospective foster and adoptive parents, sponsored by Montgomery County Foster and Adoptive Parents Services. 7:30 p.m., Upcounty Regional Services Center, Sugarloaf Room, second floor, 12900 Middlebrook Rd., Germantown. Free. 240-777-1664.
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Friday 24 JUGGLING AND COMEDY SHOW, the slapstick team of Jessie & James juggle rides unicycles and does rope tricks. 7:30 p.m., Summit Hall Elementary School, 101 W. Deer Park Rd., Gaithersburg. $2; children 2 and younger, free. 301-258-6350.
WHEATON TEA DANCE, music by Dolly and the JC Combo. 1:15-3:15 p.m., Holiday Park Center, 3950 Ferrara Dr., Wheaton. $4. 301-468-4448.
SILVER SPRING FOLK CONCERT, for seniors 55 and older, "Amazing" Amy Lemich sings folk music and plays guitar. 1-2 p.m., Margaret Schweinhaut Senior Center, 1000 Forest Glen Rd., Silver Spring. Free. 301-681-1255.
ROCKVILLE HEALTH SCREENINGS, includes screenings for lipid, glucose, prostate, osteoporosis, body fat and blood pressure, sponsored by the Shady Grove Adventist Hospital. 10-11:30 a.m., Rockville Senior Center, 1150 Carnation Dr., Rockville. Fees vary per screening; preregistration required. 800-542-5096.
Saturday 25 POTOMAC FITNESS WALK, a member of the Fifty-Plus Association leads a hike along the C&O Canal Historic Park with a stop for coffee at a restaurant. Hikers meet, 8:45 a.m.; leave, 9 a.m., across from the Old Angler's Inn, 10801 MacArthur Blvd., Potomac. Free. 301-570-3263 or 240-632-8355.
CHEVY CHASE BEGINNERS BIRD WALK, a guided walk on the grounds of the 40-acre Woodend Sanctuary of the Audubon Naturalist Society to look for resident and arriving spring birds. Binoculars suggested; dress for the weather. Older children welcome. 8-9 a.m. Saturdays, through February, 8940 Jones Mill Rd., Chevy Chase. Free. 301-652-9188.
BETHESDA PUPPET SHOW, for all ages, Stevens' Puppets present "Rumpelstiltskin." 1:30 p.m., Little Falls Community Library, 5501 Massachusetts Ave., Bethesda. Free. 301-320-4880.
GERMANTOWN STORY TIME, a story time for preschool children and their families. 9:30 a.m., Germantown Community Library, 12900 Middlebrook Rd. (in the Upcounty Regional Services Center). 240-777-0110.
SILVER SPRING STORY TIME, for children 3-6 and parents, stories, rhymes and songs. 11 a.m., Silver Spring Community Library, 8901 Colesville Rd. Free. 301-565-7689.
ROCKVILLE STORY TIME, for all ages, a "Moon Songs" theme. 11 a.m., Twinbrook Community Library, 202 Meadow Hall Dr., Rockville. Free. 240-777-0240.
CHINESE NEW YEAR CELEBRATION, the Deh-Ming Chinese School presents a program including music on the Chinese zither; plus demonstrations of tai chi, Chinese painting, paper-cutting and origami. 11 a.m.-noon, Quince Orchard Library, 15831 Quince Orchard Rd., Gaithersburg. Free. 240-777-0200.
CHINESE NEW YEAR PROGRAMS, for children 3-8 and parents of younger children, stories, a craft, a Chinese New Year Dance and more, noon-1 p.m.; for elementary school children, a Chinese New Year Program paper-cutting demonstration and hands-on activity, held in the large meeting room, 12:01-1:01 p.m., Davis Library, 6400 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda. Free; preregistration required. 240-777-0922.
GAITHERSBURG CHINESE NEW YEAR, for all ages, the Li-Ming Chinese School presents demonstrations of the Lion Dance, martial arts, folk dancing, paper-cutting and Chinese yo-yo, sponsored by the school and Montgomery County Friends of the Library. 2 p.m., Gaithersburg Library, 18830 Montgomery Village Ave. Free. 301-840-2515.
RAP DEMONSTRATION, for adults, children ages 6 and older, Lance "ClaySmile" Smith, an actor and motivational speaker, presents a program of rap singing, hip-hop dancing and dynamic speaking. 2 p.m., Twinbrook Community Library, 202 Meadow Hall Dr., Rockville. Free. 240-777-0240.
Sunday 26 ROCKVILLE ALS SUPPORT GROUP, for caregivers and friends of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, sponsored by the ALS Association. 2-4 p.m., Adventist HealthCare, Shady Grove Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, 9701 Medical Center Dr., Rockville. Free. 301-978-9855.
Monday 27 WHEATON TRUMAN PORTRAYAL, Barry Abrams portrays Harry S. Truman's life as a two-term president and as an ordinary citizen. 1:15 p.m., Holiday Park Center, 3950 Ferrara Dr., Wheaton. $1. 301-468-4448.
MIDDLE EAST BOOK TALK, former Middle East correspondent Milton Viorst discusses his work, "What Shall I Do With This People?: Jews and the Fractious Politics of Judaism." 7:30 p.m., Friendship Heights Village Center, 4433 S. Park Ave., Chevy Chase. Free. 301-656-2797.
CHILDREN OF SEPARATED PARENTS, for children 4-6, a workshop to help them discuss and understand feelings about separation and divorce. 4-5 p.m. Mondays, through March 3, Jewish Social Service Agency, 6123 Montrose Rd., Rockville. Series fee, $120. 301-816-2633.
TAKOMA PARK BLOOD DRIVE, for healthy donors 17 and older who weigh 110 pounds or more and who have not donated within the past two months, sponsored by the American Red Cross, Takoma Park Volunteer Fire Department and Takoma Park Lions Club. 3-8 p.m., Takoma Park Municipal Building, 7500 Maple Ave. Free. 301-598-7736 or, in Spanish, 301-270-8209.
CPR AND FIRST-AID CLASSES, for adults, learn how to recognize and care for breathing and cardiac emergencies, perform rescue breathing and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and care for life-threatening bleeding, sudden illness and injuries, a 12-hour course. 6:30-10:30 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, American Red Cross, 2020 East West Hwy., Silver Spring. $63; preregistration required. 301-628-0074.
INFANT AND CHILD CPR CLASS, sponsored by Bender-Dosik Parenting Center, and Shady Grove Adventist Hospital's Community Health Education Department. 6-10 p.m., Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington, 6125 Montrose Rd., Rockville. $40. 301-881-0100.
ROCKVILLE DROP-IN MEETING, Rockville Mayor Larry Giammo and City Council member Susan Hoffman will meet with residents on a drop-in basis. 5:30-7 p.m. Rockville City Hall (front door), 111 Maryland Ave., Rockville. Free. Drop-in times subject to change; call the city clerk's office, 240-314-8280, to confirm.
POOLESVILLE BOOK DISCUSSION, "The Botany of Desire: A Plant's Eye View of the World," by Michael Pollan. Ask at the checkout desk for a copy. New members welcome. 7:30 p.m., Poolesville Community Library, 19633 Fisher Ave., Poolesville. Free. 301-972-7800.
Tuesday 28 MIDDLE SCHOOL PLAY DAY, for students in grades 6-9, pizza, soda and snacks, games, table football and movies, sponsored by the Montgomery Village Foundation Recreation and Parks Department. 11 a.m.-3 p.m., Stedwick Community Center, 10401 Stedwick Rd., Montgomery Village. Residents, $10; nonresidents, $15; preregistration required by Jan. 24 at the Montgomery Village Foundation administrative office, 10120 Apple Ridge Rd. 301-948-0110, Ext. 367.
RELATIONSHIP WORKSHOP, "Deaf Way, Hearing Way or Our Way," information about couples with hearing-loss issues. 7:30-9 p.m., Jewish Social Service Agency, 11B Firstfield Rd., Gaithersburg. Free. 301-990-7215 (TTY) or 301-990-6880 (voice).
ROCKVILLE RETIREES TAX TALK, income-tax specialist Frank Vrataric discusses tax code changes for 2002; plus a luncheon, sponsored by the Rockville chapter of the National Association of Retired Federal Employees. 11:30 a.m.-2 p.m., Best Western Hotel, Route 28 and Interstate 270, Rockville. $16; preregistration required by Jan. 24. 301-762-6178.
SILVER SPRING SENIORS FITNESS TALK, for ages 55 and older, a presentation on how to get more exercise, presented by Adventist HealthCare. 10:30 a.m., Margaret Schweinhaut Senior Center, 1000 Forest Glen Rd., Silver Spring. Free. 301-681-1255.
CHILDREN'S BOOK CLUB, for children in grades 6-8, register at the children's desk and pick up a copy of the book "Things Not Seen," by Andrew Clements. 4:30 p.m., Gaithersburg Library, 18830 Montgomery Village Ave. Free. 301-840-2515.
WHEATON CONSUMER PROTECTION, for ages 55 and older, Sue Rogan of the Montgomery County Division of Consumer Affairs will discuss federal, state and local protection laws, and will offer consumer purchasing strategies. 1:15-2:15 p.m., Holiday Park Senior Center, 3950 Ferrara Dr., Wheaton. Free. 301-468-4448.
PERSONAL GROWTH WORKSHOP, "Imagination, Resilience, Nurturing: The Fundamentals for Achieving Your Dreams," sponsored by the Montgomery County Commission for Women. 6:30-8:30 p.m., 401 N. Washington St., Suite 100, Rockville. $10; nonresidents of Montgomery County, $15; preregistration required. 240-777-8300 or 301-279-1034 (TTY).
DAMASCUS STORY TIME, for children 3-5, "Harold and the Purple Crayon" and other stories, plus songs, rhymes and activities. 10:30 a.m. Tuesday and 7 p.m. Wednesday, Damascus Community Library, 9701 Main St., Damascus. Free. 301-253-5100.
BURTONSVILLE LITERARY SALON, bring two pages of your own poetry or prose, or the work of a favorite author to read. 7 p.m., Fairland Library, 14910 Old Columbia Pike, Burtonsville. Free; preregistration required. 301-421-5400.
POOLESVILLE ACTIVITY NIGHT, for children 6 and younger and their families, "On the Move," films, stories and craft activities. 7:30 p.m., Poolesville Community Library, 19633 Fisher Ave. 301-972-7800.
Wednesday 29 COUNTRY & WESTERN LINE DANCING, for dancers of all experience levels, with disc jockey Frank Stanek; lesson, 7:45 p.m.; line dancing, 8:15 p.m.; couples dancing, 9-10 p.m. Wednesdays, through March 26, Casey Community Center, 810 S. Frederick Ave., Gaithersburg. $5. 301-258-6350.
FINANCIAL RECORD-KEEPING, Susan Morris of Montgomery County Cooperative Extension Service will show how to keep accurate, well-organized financial records and documents. 7-8:45 p.m., Montgomery County Commission for Women, 401 N. Washington St., Suite 100, Rockville. $10; nonresidents of Montgomery County, $15; preregistration required. 240-777-8300 or 301-279-1034 (TTY).
KENSINGTON GARDENING TALK, for all ages, master gardener Pat Kenney of Kensington discusses "Gardens That Grow Kids," ideas and plans for springtime garden plots. 7 p.m., Kensington Park Library, 4201 Knowles Ave., Kensington. Free. 301-897-2211.
WHEATON PHOTOGRAPHY DISCUSSION, learn about skill and artistic expression; participants may bring questions and photos. Members of the Silver Spring Camera Club will answer questions, demonstrate PhotoShop software and present a photo exhibit. Sponsored by the club and Wheaton Regional Library. 7-9 p.m., Wheaton Regional Library, 11701 Georgia Ave. Free. 301-384-4911 or 240-777-0678.
Thursday 30 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, "Residential Architecture in Montgomery County, 1900-1945," an illustrated talk by Clare Lise Cavicchi, author of "Places From the Past: The Tradition of Gardez Bien in Montgomery County, Maryland"; plus comments on Rockville by Eileen McGuckian, author of "Rockville: Portrait of a City"; part of the Rockville at 200 Years series, sponsored by Peerless Rockville, Arts and Humanities Council of Montgomery County and the Maryland Humanities Council. 7:30 p.m., Historic Red Brick Courthouse, 29 Courthouse Sq., Rockville. Free. 301-762-0096 or www.peerlessrockville.org.
SOCIAL ANXIETY WORKSHOP, for people 20 and older who experience persistent distress in social situations. 8:30-9:30 a.m. Thursdays, through May 8, Jewish Social Service Agency, 11B Firstfield Rd., Gaithersburg. $55 per session; preregistration required. 301-990-6880, Ext. 321.
BETHESDA INFANT STORY TIME, for children 12-24 months accompanied by an adult, "Tales From the Crib," a Born-to-Read program of songs, bounces and books. 10:30 a.m., Little Falls Library, 5501 Massachusetts Ave., Bethesda. Free. 301-320-4880.
DAMASCUS STORY TIME, for children age 2 accompanied by an adult, no siblings. "Joey Runs Away" and more stories, plus songs, rhymes and a craft about things with pockets. 10:30 a.m., Damascus Community Library, 9701 Main St. 301-253-5100.
ROCKVILLE BOOK DISCUSSION, "Bel Canto," by Ann Patchett; other books discussed the last Thursday of each month. 7-8:30 p.m., County Office Building cafeteria, across from the Rockville Regional Library, 99 Maryland Ave. Free. Lisa Navidi, 240-777-0166.
GAITHERSBURG BOOK DISCUSSION, "When I Lived in Modern Times," by Linda Grant. 7:30 p.m., Quince Orchard Library, 15831 Quince Orchard Rd., Gaithersburg. Free; preregistration recommended. 240-777-0200.
POLITICAL ADVOCACY GROUP LECTURE, Joshua Eisenman, assistant director of China studies at the Nixon Center, will discuss the status of U.S.-China relations, sponsored by the center's Seniors Organized for Change group. 10:45 a.m., Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington, 6125 Montrose Rd., Rockville. Free; preregistration required. 301-881-0100, Ext. 6749.
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Sullivan Contemporary Dining Table by ModLoft - Contemporary - Dining Tables - orange county - by Cressina
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Event Specialist Jobs, Employment in Evans, CO | Indeed.com
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Texas Loving by Leigh Greenwood (2008, Paperback) | eBay
320traderpete2 (10812 )
Details about Texas Loving by Leigh Greenwood (2008, Paperback)
Texas Loving by Leigh Greenwood (2008, Paperback)
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by 7933roger Jul 17, 2010
Texas Lovng by Leigh Greenwood
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Kelly A. - 801 LABS (Salt Lake City, UT) | Meetup
Kelly A. https://secure.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/1/2/3/e/member_262984670.jpeg https://www.meetup.com/801labs/members/13816146/
801 LABS https://www.meetup.com/801labs/ https://secure.meetupstatic.com/photos/event/1/9/4/e/global_462366478.jpeg 20130519
I am a computer programmer with a lot of experience, also do some pretty nice wood working.
Hackers 1,384
Nemus, Andrew Weed, Anthony Browness, Ch3LL, Grifter, hacksauce, Jeremy, Kevin Howard, Martin Moreno, Marv, Pips, RuShan, Stumper, Tim Anderson
Arduino · Open Source · Makerspaces · Laser Cutting · Web Security · Network Security · Hacking · Information Security · Computer Security · Ethical Hacker · Makers · Web Application Security · Hardware Hacks & Gadgeteering · 3D Printing
is a hackerspace created by the members of
that was formerly
TransistorSLC
. 801 Labs was created to be a center for peer learning and knowledge sharing, in the form of workshops, presentations, and lectures. We also offer social activities to the community and our members, such as game nights and parties. Hackerspaces can be viewed as open community lab incorporating elements of workshops and/or studios where hackers can come together to share resources and knowledge.
Visit us http://801labs.org or on Freenode in #thetransistor and #dc801
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Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4958108 *Feb 14, 1989Sep 18, 1990Avtech CorporationUniversal fluorescent lamp ballastEP0127101B1 *May 21, 1984Mar 4, 1987Siemens AktiengesellschaftInverter for feeding discharge lampsEP0241279A1 *Apr 8, 1987Oct 14, 1987Actronic Lighting CcController for gas discharge lamps* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5103143 *May 13, 1991Apr 7, 1992Hella Kg Hueck & Co.Process and apparatus for starting a high pressure gas discharge lamp for vehiclesUS5151634 *Oct 21, 1991Sep 29, 1992Marelli Autronica SpaDevice for controlling a gas-discharge lamp for use in a motor vehicleUS5162985 *May 13, 1991Nov 10, 1992Valeo VisionMeasuring circuit for measuring instantaneous power across a non-reactive loadUS5237244 *Jul 15, 1991Aug 17, 1993Bertenshaw David RElectric lighting and power controllers thereforUS5589742 *Apr 25, 1995Dec 31, 1996Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaDischarging lamp lighting apparatus having optimal lighting controlUS5600211 *Sep 8, 1995Feb 4, 1997Tridonic Bauelemente GmbhElectronic ballast for gas discharge lampsUS5821702 *Aug 4, 1997Oct 13, 1998U.S. Philips CorporationDischarge lamp control circuit using a luminous flux tableUS5844373 *Aug 19, 1997Dec 1, 1998Fujitsu LimitedPower supplying apparatus, a plasma display unit, a method of converting a direct-current voltage and a method of adding two direct-current voltagesUS5973437 *Nov 10, 1997Oct 26, 1999Philips Electronics North America CorporationScheme for sensing ballast lamp currentUS6040661 *May 12, 1998Mar 21, 2000Lumion CorporationProgrammable universal lighting systemUS6043615 *Sep 18, 1998Mar 28, 2000Acres Gaming IncorporatedFlashing and dimming fluorescent lamps for a gaming deviceUS6137240 *Dec 31, 1998Oct 24, 2000Lumion CorporationUniversal ballast control circuitUS6147463 *Sep 1, 1999Nov 14, 2000Tridonic Bauelemente GmbhElectronic ballast for the operation of at least one gas discharge lampUS6160361 *Jul 29, 1998Dec 12, 2000Philips Electronics North America CorporationFor improvements in a lamp type recognition schemeUS6169373 *Jun 18, 1998Jan 2, 2001Josef RiesingerWork lightUS6191537 *Sep 15, 1999Feb 20, 2001Quality Light Electronics S.A.S.Solid state resonance igniter for control of the number of high voltage pulses for hot restrike of discharge lampsUS6278245 *Mar 30, 2000Aug 21, 2001Philips Electronics North America CorporationBuck-boost function type electronic ballast with bus capacitor current sensingUS6310446 *Apr 5, 2000Oct 30, 2001Patent Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen MbhMethod for adjusting at least one operating parameter of an operating unit for electric lampsUS6337544Dec 14, 1999Jan 8, 2002Philips Electronics North America CorporationDigital lamp signal processorUS6359387Aug 31, 2000Mar 19, 2002Philips Electronics North America CorporationGas-discharge lamp type recognition based on built-in lamp electrical propertiesUS6525479Oct 27, 1999Feb 25, 2003Trilux-Lenze Gmbh & Co. KgMethod and ballast for operating a lamp fitted with a fluorescent tubeUS6657403 *Jun 26, 2002Dec 2, 2003Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen MbhCircuit arrangement for operating a fluorescent lampUS7098605Jan 15, 2004Aug 29, 2006Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationFull digital dimming ballast for a fluorescent lampUS7109668Oct 27, 2004Sep 19, 2006I.E.P.C. Corp.Electronic lighting ballastUS7345430 *Feb 1, 2006Mar 18, 2008Ionatron, Inc.Electrical energy discharge controlUS7521876Dec 9, 2004Apr 21, 2009Koninlijke Philips Electronics, N.V.Electronic ballast with lamp type determinationUS7564197Dec 26, 2003Jul 21, 2009Sanken Electric Co., Ltd.Discharge tube operation deviceUS7589472Dec 9, 2004Sep 15, 2009Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.Electronic ballast with lamp type determinationUS7675244Jun 1, 2006Mar 9, 2010Perkinelmer Optoelectronics, N.C., Inc.System and method for power supply for lamp with improved constant power mode control and improved boost current circuitUS8164269Jul 23, 2007Apr 24, 2012Panasonic CorporationDischarge lamp lighting device and lighting fixtureUS8710750 *Oct 17, 2011Apr 29, 2014Mitsubishi Electric CorporationLight source lighting device including a constant-current supply that is connected to a light source and supplies a constant current of a substantially constant magnitude to the light source, and luminaireUS8754652 *Apr 29, 2010Jun 17, 2014Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter HaftungMethod for ascertaining a type of a gas discharge lamp and electronic ballast for operating at least two different types of gas discharge lampsUS9112897Jun 13, 2008Aug 18, 2015Advanced Network Technology Laboratories Pte Ltd.System and method for securing a network sessionUS20050128666 *Oct 27, 2004Jun 16, 2005Igor PogodayevElectronic lighting ballastUS20050156534 *Jan 15, 2004Jul 21, 2005In-Hwan OhFull digital dimming ballast for a fluorescent lampUS20060214606 *Dec 26, 2003Sep 28, 2006Sanken Electric Co., Ltd.Discharge tube operation deviceUS20060256560 *Oct 22, 2004Nov 16, 2006Susumu OkuraElectric-discharge lamp lighting apparatusUS20070001617 *Sep 8, 2006Jan 4, 2007Igor PogodayevElectronic lighting ballastUS20070001624 *Jun 1, 2006Jan 4, 2007Rudi BlondiaSystem and method for power supply for lamp with improved constant power mode control and improved boost current circuitUS20070176561 *Feb 1, 2006Aug 2, 2007Adler Richard JElectrical energy discharge controlUS20070194721 *Aug 17, 2005Aug 23, 2007Vatche VorperianElectronic lighting ballast with multiple outputs to drive electric discharge lamps of different wattageUS20070275934 *May 10, 2005Nov 29, 2007Curd John GTreatment of pancreatic cancer with active vitamin d compounds in combination with other treatmentsUS20080218171 *Dec 9, 2004Sep 11, 2008Koninklijke Philips Electronics. N.V.Electronic Ballast with Lamp Type DeterminationUS20090037976 *Jun 13, 2008Feb 5, 2009Wee Tuck TeoSystem and Method for Securing a Network SessionUS20090079348 *Mar 24, 2006Mar 26, 2009Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp.Discharge lamp lighting apparatus and discharge lamp lighting control methodUS20100244741 *Jul 23, 2007Sep 30, 2010Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd.Discharge lamp lighting device and lighting fixtureUS20100277178 *Nov 4, 2010Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter HaftungMethod for ascertaining a type of a gas discharge lamp and electronic ballast for operating at least two different types of gas discharge lampsUS20110209222 *Aug 25, 2011Safecentral, Inc.System and method for providing transactional security for an end-user deviceUS20110304275 *Dec 15, 2011Tdk-Lambda CorporationDischarge lamp lighting deviceUS20120187863 *Jul 26, 2012Mitsubishi Electric CorporationLight source lighting device and luminaireDE4314993A1 *May 6, 1993Nov 17, 1994B & S Elektronische Geraete GmBallast device (ballast)DE4314993C2 *May 6, 1993May 12, 1999B & S Elektronische Geraete GmVorschaltger�t zur Abgabe von an unterschiedliche anschlie�bare Lampentypen angepa�ten LeistungenDE4426664B4 *Jul 15, 1994Nov 17, 2005Mitsubishi Denki K.K.Vorrichtung zum Starten und Betreiben einer Hochdruck-Entladungs-LampeDE10013342A1 *Mar 17, 2000Sep 27, 2001Trilux Lenze Gmbh & Co KgProducing ignition voltage for fluorescent lamps involves applying start voltages of reducing frequency until lamp voltage reaches desired valueDE19530485A1 *Aug 18, 1995Feb 20, 1997Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen MbhVerfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer elektrischen LampeDE19850441A1 *Oct 27, 1998May 11, 2000Trilux Lenze Gmbh & Co KgVerfahren und Vorschaltger�t zum Betrieb einer mit einer Leuchtstofflampe versehenen LeuchteDE19853657A1 *Nov 20, 1998May 31, 2000Vogt Electronic AgControl gear for fluorescent cold cathode lamp with lamp current controlled by resonant circuitDE202008008165U1 *Jun 18, 2008Nov 5, 2009Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. KgBetriebsger�t f�r Gasentladungslampen oder andere Leuchtmittel mit LampenstrommessungWO2001043510A1 *Dec 10, 1999Jun 14, 2001Lumion CorporationProgrammable lamp ballastWO2001087020A1 *Apr 27, 2000Nov 15, 2001Lumion CorporationUniversal ballast control circuit* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification315/307, 315/DIG.5, 315/308International ClassificationH05B41/24, H05B41/282, H05B41/38Cooperative ClassificationY10S315/05, Y02B20/183, H05B41/382, H05B41/282, Y02B20/204European ClassificationH05B41/282, H05B41/38RLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 27, 1990ASAssignmentOwner name: TOSHIBA LIGHTING & TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, 4-28, MFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KAKITANI, TSUTOMU;REEL/FRAME:005393/0512Effective date: 19900720Mar 21, 1995REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedAug 13, 1995LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 24, 1995FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19950816RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services
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The Business Owner's Definitive Guide to Captive Insurance Companies: What You Need To Know About Formation and Management by Peter J. Strauss J.D., LL.M. |, Hardcover | Barnes & Noble®
by Peter J. Strauss J.D., LL.M.Peter J. Strauss J.D.
English 1946633070
MANAGE YOUR RISK IN A MORE EFFICIENT WAY
What if you could insure the risks of your business, reduce your outof-
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•reduce out-of-pocket expenses;
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•protect personal and business assets from lawsuits; and
•select the appropriate manager for your captive insurance company.
Creating a captive insurance company may sound daunting, but with
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steps today and reap the benefits of captive insurance!
9781946633071
Peter J. Strauss is the founder and managing member of The Strauss Law Firm,
LLC, located on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. He is also the founder and CEO
of Hamilton Captive Management, LLC, one of the most admired and respected
management firms in the country, as well as numerous other insurance companies.
Mr. Strauss has authored several books on captive insurance, including Captive
Insurance Companies for the Small Business Owner and The Definitive Guide to Captive
Insurance Companies. He regularly speaks at public seminars and professional society
meetings such as the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Hawaii Tax
Institute, Southern Federal Tax Institute, as well as Continuing Legal Educational
conferences. Mr. Strauss is a graduate of the New England School of Law, holds an LL.M.
in estate planning from the University of Miami, and is currently enrolled at Harvard
Meet the Author ix
Chapter 1 Fundamental Principles: What You Need to Know about Captive Insurance 1
Chapter 2 How to Maximize the Full Potential of a Captive Insurance Company? 25
Chapter 3 Putting the Captive Insurance Company to Work for You: How to Set Up a Captive and Start Insuring Your Business 41
Chapter 4 What You Need to Know About Managing Your Captive Insurance Company: Tax and Regulatory Requirements
Chapter 5 Protecting Your Assets from Lawsuits With a Captive Insurance Company 79
Resources: Is A Captive Insurance Company Right For You? 93
Appendix: Captive Insurance Cases and Rulings 95
book by jim cumbee
book by ami barakat
book by corrine sandler
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RBC Capital - Performance Indicators for European Banks 12
P. 1RBC Capital - Performance Indicators for European Banks 12RBC Capital - Performance Indicators for European Banks 12Ratings: 0|Views: 1,049|Likes: 3Published by ritesh30383Funding and Performance Indicators for European BanksFunding and Performance Indicators for European BanksMore info:Published by: ritesh30383 on Mar 19, 2012Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Free download as PDF, TXT or read online for free from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee MoreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/85887526/RBC-Capital-Performance-Indicators-for-European-Banks-1211/15/2013pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview
Activity (4)FiltersAdd to collectionReviewAdd noteLikeEmbedShowingAllMost RecentReviewsAll NotesLikesYou've already reviewed this. Edit your review.Rating 0/5Post notePost reviewPost replyPost note and like1 thousand reads|27 days ago1 hundred reads|about 1 year agoMukaranga liked this|8 months agoBruno Dias da Costa liked this|about 1 year agoLoad more
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Amazon.co.uk: Hardcover - English or French / Entertaining & Special Occasions / Food & Drink: Books Amazon Try Prime Your Amazon.co.uk Today's Deals Gift Cards Sell Help Shop by Department Hello. Sign in Your Account Try Prime Basket Wish List Search Entertaining & Special Occasions Entertaining & Special Occasions All Departments Amazon Instant Video Apps & Games Baby Beauty Books Car & Motorbike CDs & Vinyl Classical Clothing Computers & Accessories Digital Music DIY & Tools DVD & Blu-ray Electronics & Photo Garden & Outdoors Gift Cards Grocery Health & Personal Care Jewellery Kindle Store Kitchen & Home Large Appliances Lighting LOVEFiLM by Post Luggage Musical Instruments & DJ PC & Video Games Pet Supplies Shoes & Bags Software Sports & Outdoors Stationery & Office Supplies Toys & Games VHS Watches Books
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1 wow, that's some strange behaviour IMHO. A would definitely prefer the compiler giving an error here. Why "quietly" here when all the other conversions lead to compiler warnings?
1 Something else to keep in mind is that UnicodeString is based on UTF-16, which uses 2-character surrogates for a subset of Unicode codepoints. To be politically correct, you should decode UTF-16 to UTF-32 before than processing the set of "characetrs". The TCharacter class has methods for dealing with UTF-32 codepoints and UTF-16 surrogates.
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Amazon.com: Buying Choices: Ender's Game (The Ender Quintet)
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Amazon.co.uk: Duty Free - £10 - £20 / Society, Politics & Philosophy: Books
Books Advanced Search Best Sellers Top New Releases Deals in Books Best Books of the Month School Books Textbooks Books Outlet Children's Books Calendars & Diaries 1-16 of 2,015 results for Books : Society, Politics & Philosophy : £10 - £20 : "Duty Free"
Science and Government (Godkin Lectures on the Essentials of Free Government & the Duties of the Citizen)5 Mar 2013by Charles Percy Snow and Lord Robert May Lord Robert MayPaperback£12.95PrimeOnly 1 left in stock - order soon.More buying choices£6.39used & new(27 offers)Kindle Edition£12.30Other Formats:Hardcover
... Essentials of Free Government and the Duties of the Citizen ...See a random page in this book.The Free Market Reader (Large Print Edition): Essays in the Economics of Liberty1 Jan 1988by Llewellyn H. Rockwell Jr.Paperback£10.00PrimeGet it by Monday, Aug 1More buying choices£8.44used & new(10 offers)Kindle Edition£2.34
... Provision for duty-free interstate trade increased productivity. ...See a random page in this book.Truth and Duty31 Oct 2006by Mary MapesPaperback£17.99PrimeGet it by Monday, Aug 1More buying choices£10.96used & new(32 offers)Kindle Edition£6.17Other Formats:Hardcover, Audio CDEligible for FREE UK DeliveryCapitalism and Freedom: Fortieth Anniversary Edition15 Nov 2002by Milton FriedmanPaperback£12.50PrimeGet it by Tomorrow, Jul 31More buying choices£5.57used & new(71 offers)Kindle Edition£10.79Other Formats:Hardcover, Audio Download, Audio CD
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Pewter Bookmark: The art of prophecy is very difficult | Etsy
Pewter Bookmark: "Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear & the blind can see." - Mark Twain
Pewter Bookmark: "Be yourself, embrace your quirks." - Ed Sheeran
Pewter Bookmark: "Fear no one. Respect everyone." Roger Federer
An elegant bookmark for the avid reader. This pewter bookmark is approximately 6" x .5". Engraved on the front with the inspirational quote, "The art of prophecy is very difficult, especially with respect to the future." The back is engraved with the name of the quote's author, "Mark Twain" The second photo shows you the front and the back in the same frame.The third photo shows just the front. The fourth photo shows just the back. Attached on one end, is a lovely burgundy tassel. Comes in a cotton-filled gift box, ready for giving.
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Is it time to move on from Geno? - New York - Scout
Is it time to move on from Geno?Jeremy Epstein12/23/2014With the news yesterday that owner Woody Johnson is getting ready to hire former Super Bowl winning general manager Charley Casserly as a consultant if and when he fires head coach Rex Ryan and general manager John Idzik, the winds of change seem to be blowing at One Jets Drive. And perhaps the biggest question a new regime would have to answer is: is it time to move on from Geno Smith?
Florham Park, N.J.-
As former Jets head coach Herm Edwards likes to say: It takes 3,000 snaps or three full years to affectively evaluate and determine what you have in a
After an up-and-down first three months of his first season, including a stretch in which he went five weeks without a touchdown pass, Smith concluded the
season with a strong month of December. He led the Jets to a 3-1 record, ended the season with the only back-to-back zero turnover game of his career to
this point and posted the second highest quarterback rating in the NFL in that span, recording a 78.9 rating.
It was only natural to assume and hope that going into his second year, Smith would be able to improve on that final month of the season and potentially
improve on a surprising 8-8 record, but that has not been the case.
Smith’s season started off well, posting strong performances against Oakland and Green Bay, but he soon began to struggle and revert to his bad habits.
Those struggles were evident when he was benched for the first time against the Chargers in an embarrassing 31-0 blowout loss.
To his credit, Smith rebounded with strong performances against perhaps the two best teams in the AFC, the Broncos and the Patriots. Again there was reason
for optimism but in his next outing Smith inexplicably threw three consecutive interceptions in the first quarter, which resulted in him being benched for
backup Michael Vick.
Smith didn’t start another game until December 1 against the Dolphins in which he only attempted 13 passes one of which was a game-ending interception.
In the last three weeks, Smith hasn’t played as bad as detractors say he has. He has finished with a QBR of over 80 in three straight games -- the first
time in his career he has done that. But he has a penchant for throwing incredibly damaging and momentum killing interceptions, like when he threw a
pick-six on his first pass attempt against the Vikings or his interception on Sunday that led to the Patriots scoring what ended up amounting to the
The knocks on Smith are that he exhibits poor footwork, can be inaccurate, is a bad decision maker, holds on to the football to long and is turnover prone.
In two seasons, Smith has had only six turnover free games in his NFL career and has thrown 34 interceptions to only 22 touchdowns.
Some of Smith’s flaws were on display against the Patriots. While Smith didn’t play all that terribly, posting a higher rating than Tom Brady (83.9 to
76.1) Smith made two crucial mistakes that arguably cost the Jets the game.
The first was on that interception, a ball that was badly underthrown and intercepted by linebacker Jamie Collins, but taking a sack on third-and-four from
the Patriot 24 resulted in a loss of ten-yards and turned what would have been a short field goal into a 51-yarder which ended up being partially blocked
by defensive tackle Vince Wilfork.
“In close games, one or two bad decisions can be the difference and today, I think it hurt us,” said Smith after the game.
Ryan also offered up a pretty damming critique of Smith’s mistakes.
“He underthrew it. It was a poor throw,” said Ryan of Smiths interception.
Ryan who is usually nothing but positive also was not pleased of Smith’s inability to get rid of the ball before he took that sack.
“Pretty darn critical, “ said Ryan of the significance of the sack Smith took, “That’s something you have to learn from. You can’t take a sack there no
matter who is in your face. Get rid of the football. You can’t take sacks in those situations.”
When you watch the tape on that sack however, you can see that the Jets blew an assignment on that play allowing Dont'a Hightower to get to Smith
“Now you really saw what he saw,” Ryan said after watching the tape Monday. “The guy was on top of him immediately and we had done a great job in
protection the whole game and then we blow (an assignment).”
While that doesn’t excuse the Smith’s inability to get rid of the football, when you put the play into context it isn’t as egregious.
Some critics can question Smith’s decision-making but Smith does have plenty of positives. He has a big arm and he can make all the throws, he is athletic
enough to buy time in the pocket and keep plays alive with his feet.
Smith was an incredibly raw prospect coming out. He came from West Virginia who ran a spread offense and it was known that Smith wasn’t a finished product
and needed time to groom.
If not for a Mark Sanchez shoulder injury last year, Smith definitely wouldn’t have been the opening day starter for the Jets but instead was thrown into
the fire right away.
What frustrates most Jet fans about Smith though is that he is not just inconsistent game-to-game, but drive-to-drive. Smith can put together really well
executed scoring drives but on the next drive throw a bone-headed interception.
You are going to have growing pains with a young quarterback and Smith certainly isn’t a finished product. There are very few guys like Andrew Luck who can
come into the NFL and set it on fire right away.
Smith hasn’t been great in his first two years but he hasn’t been as putrid as his detractors say he has been.
The winds of change are blowing and Smith has one more chance to avoid being blown away like his head coach and the man that drafted him.
Everyone Loves Mangold
Woody Prepared To Hire Casserly As Consultant
Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutPSU Gets Chance To Prove Committee WrongLSU headed to Citrus Bowl to play LouisvilleFirst Report: Fast Start Fuels UNC VictorySATURDAY: Jets-Colts Injury ReportOFFICIAL: WSU in Holiday Bowl vs. GophersShare & EmbedWATCH: Jets-Colts Preview Full StoryJets Insider Top StoriesSATURDAY: Jets-Colts Injury ReportSome good news for Jets fans on the injury front...by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderYesterday at 3:13 PMWATCH: Jets-Colts PreviewJets are now playing for pride...by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderFriday at 1:12 PMMarshall may not get Christmas wishThe Jets receiver has openly expressed his desire to retire in New York. With young receivers developing and financial concerns, Marshall's playing days in green and white could be…by Joe BaroneJets InsiderFriday at 10:19 AMWhat To Watch For: Jets vs. ColtsBreaking down the Week 13 matchup between the New York Jets and Indianapolis Coltsby Joe BaroneJets InsiderFriday at 8:32 AMWATCH: Revis Cashing It In?Is Revis Island closing down in New York?by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderFriday at 6:46 AMFormer Jet Joe McKnight Killed in ShootingFormer Jets running back was fatally shot this afternoon.by Marcus ReynoldsJets InsiderThursday at 2:28 PMLuck has LegsAndrew Luck is no Mike Vick, but he can run.by Marcus ReynoldsJets InsiderThursday at 8:02 AMColts QB has unlucky history vs. JetsAndrew Luck has an 0-2 career record against the New York Jets and hasn't looked good doing it.by Joe BaroneJets InsiderThursday at 6:55 AMWhy Quincy Enunwa is the Team MVPEnunwa has by far been the best offensive weapon the Jets have had this season.by Giovanni AnnatelliJets InsiderWednesday at 11:11 AMWATCH - Marshall: "Not Winning Is Rough"Being close is not good enough...by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderMonday at 11:06 AMFriday: Jets-Colts Injury ReportSome big names are on Friday's list...by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderFriday at 1:38 PMTHURSDAY: Jets-Colts Injury ReportSome good news on the injury front...by JetsInsider.com StaffJets InsiderThursday at 8:31 PMLoad More
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Patent US6025638 - Structure for precision multichip assembly - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsProcess for making an integrated circuit module and product thereof including a carrier supporting a plurality of precisely aligned semiconductor circuit chips having uniform thicknesses....http://www.google.com/patents/US6025638?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6025638 - Structure for precision multichip assemblyAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6025638 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/088,399Publication dateFeb 15, 2000Filing dateJun 1, 1998Priority dateJun 1, 1998Fee statusPaidPublication number088399, 09088399, US 6025638 A, US 6025638A, US-A-6025638, US6025638 A, US6025638AInventorsSubramania S. Iyer, H. Bernhard PoggeOriginal AssigneeInternational Business Machines CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (36), Non-Patent Citations (24), Referenced by (19), Classifications (31), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetStructure for precision multichip assemblyUS 6025638 AAbstract Process for making an integrated circuit module and product thereof including a carrier supporting a plurality of precisely aligned semiconductor circuit chips having uniform thicknesses.
Advances occurring in semiconductor processing have permitted the scale of individual integrated circuit devices to be shrunk to make it possible to incorporate increasing amounts of functionality in a single integrated circuit chip. For example, sixteen 1 MBIT Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chips of equal size in 1984 required a total chip area of 800 mm.sup.2, while a single 16 MBIT design containing the same functionality in 1990 required only 110 mm.sup.2. Thus, although the individual chip size has increased by approximately 50%, the net chip area has been reduced by a factor of 8. Accordingly, as integrated circuit chips are required to incorporate more and more functionality, the size of the chips has been steadily increasing.
However, there are practical problems associated with continually increasing the maximum chip size. A first set of problems relates to the physical limits of present day fabrication equipment. For example, state-of-the-art manufacturing lithography equipment commonly used to expose high resolution patterns through masks onto semiconductor substrates effectively limits chip size to the size of the lithography exposure field of the equipment. The size of the direct exposure field of state-of-the-art manufacturing lithography equipment in the mid 1990s is generally on the order of 25 mm in diameter, allowing square chip design exposure of about 324 mm.sup.2 (18 mm in development are rectangular and tend to be 20 mm larger. A solution to the exposure field/stitching problem is to develop fabrication equipment having a larger exposure field and, therefore, the capability to manufacture larger chips without stitching masks together. However, such a solution would require massive financial investment in research and development.
Alignment marks (not shown) for aligning a subsequent etch mask to be formed on the mandrel surface are provided by printing pattern marks onto a major face 10 of the mandrel 1 at otherwise non-used regions. The alignment marks are used to align the etch mask next formed on the mandrel surface 10, and the alignment marks are used to ensure that the mask is aligned with the [110] direction. The alignment pattern marks can be made by conventional methods, such as by forming alignment forks according to the techniques described by M. Vangho and Y. Baecklund, J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 6, pp. 279-284 (1996), which permit a rapid and precise determination of the crystallographic orientation in silicon wafers and which can be used to align subsequent masks. The alignment forks permit alignment accuracies of .+-05 degrees to be achieved. Alignment pattern marks are also printed onto an opposing major face of each chip wafer to be positioned upon the mandrel 1.
Continuing in the description of the inventive process, and as shown in FIG. 2B, the kerf area 8 common between chips 4,5 of the front surface 203 of the silicon substrate 21, is appropriately patterned to form mask pattern 202, e.g., a photolithographically patterned Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 film. As shown in FIG. 2C, the exposed area of the substrate 21 is then wet etched to create the recess 20. The nature of this etch operation is set forth in greater detail hereinafter.
The wet anisotropic etchants that can be used for etching cavities 20 in the silicon substrate 21 located below the kerf area 8 between adjacent chips 4 and 5 include the same etchants used for etching the mesa structures 2 on the mandrel 1. These etchants, due to their anisotropic nature, have differential etch rates for different crystallographic planes, thereby creating a tapered or beveled side edge in the recess or cavity created. Therefore, anisotropic etchant results in (111) oriented sidewalls 9 on the cavities 20 formed in the kerf areas 8 between chips 4 and 5. For example, using KOH etchant on a (100) silicon wafer, the etch angle α will be 54.7.degree. relative to the (100) plane.
As also shown in FIG. 2D, an important operation performed at this stage of processing is that the outer surface of the workpiece 206 is coated with a thin layer 204 of PECVD SiO.sub.2.
In the embodiment shown in greater detail in FIG. 3D where the metallization 51 is stepped back from the mesa 2 (such as in the intermediate assembly formed as shown in FIG. 2D), the height d of the mesa 2 from flat 210 is a smaller value than the combined depth d.sub.1 comprised of the cavity depth d.sub.2 in the substrate 21 plus the thickness d.sub.3 of the overlying metallization 51. The hatched lines in FIG. 3D indicate the ability for inserting the mesa 2 into cavity 6 in which the cavity sidewalls 9 conformally confront the side edges 3 of the mesa 2.
As indicated by the hatched lines in FIG. 1B, and with the resulting assembly shown in FIG. 4A, the diced integrated circuit chips 4, 5 are each placed face down, i.e., with active areas 401,501 facing mandrel 1, onto and against the corresponding located mesa structure 2 on the mandrel 1 to which it is mated with a standard pick and place tool. Contact is made between the major surface 10 of the mandrel 1 and the exposed oxidized layer 204 previously formed on BEOL area 51 and cavities 6 of the chip 5. Van der Waals forces cause the two surfaces to attractively associate. A brief anneal can be applied for several minutes at a low temperature (350-450 cause the diced component chips 4, 5 to enhance the adherence between the mandrel 1 and diced chips 4,5. The elevated temperature bonding is done after the mandrel wafer 1 is fully populated with the desired collection of integrated circuit chips 4,5. Alternatively, the integrated circuit chips 4,5 can be adhesively bonded to the mandrel 1 with the use of an appropriate adhesive, such as a temperature stable epoxy that can tolerate temperatures greater than 400 bonding is surface cleanliness. Therefore, just prior to the association step, the mandrel 1 and the integrated circuit chips 4, 5 preferably are subjected to a conventional cleaning procedure.
Chip 4' has been processed in a similar manner as chips 4 and 5 as described above insofar as the positioning cavity formation, except that chip 4' is derived from a chip workpiece other than workpiece 206 as shown in FIG. 2A). Separate chips derived from the same or different chip workpieces generally will not have identical thicknesses. For example, the thickness of the semiconductor substrate wafer may vary between chips derived from separate workpieces and/or different active area and metallization processing will cause variations in thickness between separate chips. Therefore, the back surface profile 31 is not co-planar with all the chip backsides 31' and 31". Accordingly, at this stage of processing, the back surfaces 31' and 31" are simultaneously planarized using high speed silicon polishing, e.g., conventional CMP, used in wafer polishing, resulting in the planarized backside 33 extending co-planar with both chip backsides 33' and 33", as shown in FIG. 4B. After completing planarization, the overall remaining thickness of all the planarized chips 4' and 5 of uniform thickness can be as little as 200 μm, or even smaller. This surface is then coated with a thin PECVD SiO.sub.2 film.
Then, a permanent substrate carrier 34 is provided for chip bonding, as shown in FIG. 4C. The permanent substrate carrier is pretreated prior to contact with the chips and mandrel assembly whereby a thin film (not shown) of thermal oxide or PECVD silicon dioxide is formed on both its backside 36 and what will be its chip receiving face 33'". The backside oxide will be used as an etch stop while the frontside oxide formed on carrier 34 in this manner will facilitate joinder to the chips 4', 5. The polished backside 33 with the PECVD Si O.sub.2 film of the bonded chips 4', 5 is then placed in contact with the planar, oxidized surface 33'" of carrier wafer 34. The bonding process is then repeated so that the bonded chips 4', 5 at this time are sandwiched in-between the original mandrel 1 with its mesas 2, and the planar carrier wafer 34, with the resulting assembly shown in FIG. 4C.
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Vangbo et al.; Precise Mask Alignment to the Crystallographic Orientation of Silicon Wafers Using Wet Anistropic Etching; J. Micromech, Microeng. 6; (1996) pp. 279 284.20M. Vangbo et al.; Precise Mask Alignment to the Crystallographic Orientation of Silicon Wafers Using Wet Anistropic Etching; J. Micromech, Microeng. 6; (1996) pp. 279-284.21Marketing Materials, "High Density Multichip Interconnect-Reliability Data" Hughes Microelectronic Circuits Division, A Subsidiary of GM Hughes Electronics, Newport Beach, CA 3 pages, post 1992.22 *Marketing Materials, High Density Multichip Interconnect Reliability Data Hughes Microelectronic Circuits Division, A Subsidiary of GM Hughes Electronics, Newport Beach, CA 3 pages, post 1992.23R.J. Wojnarowski, et al. "Three Dimensional Hybrid Wafer Scale Integration Using the GE High Density Interconnect Technology" IEEE Confedrence on Wafer Scale Integration, Ses. 7,WSI Tech. 1-pp. 308-316 1993.24 *R.J. Wojnarowski, et al. Three Dimensional Hybrid Wafer Scale Integration Using the GE High Density Interconnect Technology IEEE Confedrence on Wafer Scale Integration, Ses. 7,WSI Tech. 1 pp. 308 316 1993.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6093640 *Jan 11, 1999Jul 25, 2000Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing CompanyOverlay measurement improvement between damascene metal interconnectionsUS6110806 *Mar 26, 1999Aug 29, 2000International Business Machines CorporationProcess for precision alignment of chips for mounting on a substrateUS6393685 *Jun 9, 1998May 28, 2002The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaMicrojoinery methods and devicesUS6429045Feb 7, 2001Aug 6, 2002International Business Machines CorporationStructure and process for multi-chip chip attach with reduced risk of electrostatic discharge damageUS6444560Sep 26, 2000Sep 3, 2002International Business Machines CorporationProcess for making fine pitch connections between devices and structure made by the processUS6455945 *Mar 18, 1999Sep 24, 2002Fujitsu, LimitedSemiconductor device having a fragment of a connection part provided on at least one lateral edge for mechanically connecting to adjacent semiconductor chipsUS6593644Apr 19, 2001Jul 15, 2003International Business Machines CorporationSystem of a package fabricated on a semiconductor or dielectric wafer with wiring on one face, vias extending through the wafer, and external connections on the opposing faceUS6737297Aug 6, 2002May 18, 2004International Business Machines CorporationProcess for making fine pitch connections between devices and structure made by the processUS6864165Sep 15, 2003Mar 8, 2005International Business Machines CorporationMethod of fabricating integrated electronic chip with an interconnect deviceUS7005319Nov 19, 2004Feb 28, 2006International Business Machines CorporationGlobal planarization of wafer scale package with precision die thickness controlUS7468886Mar 5, 2007Dec 23, 2008International Business Machines CorporationMethod and structure to improve thermal dissipation from semiconductor devicesUS7476565 *May 3, 2007Jan 13, 2009Advanced Chip Engineering Technology Inc.Method for forming filling paste structure of WL packageUS7724527Aug 25, 2008May 25, 2010International Business Machines CorporationMethod and structure to improve thermal dissipation from semiconductor devicesUS8110899 *Dec 20, 2006Feb 7, 2012Intel CorporationMethod for incorporating existing silicon die into 3D integrated stackUS8354753 *Feb 23, 2011Jan 15, 2013Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences3D integrated circuit structure and method for detecting chip mis-alignementUS8429813 *Aug 2, 2002Apr 30, 2013Gemalto SaProcess to allow electrical and mechanical connection of an electrical device with a face equipped with contact padsUS8508952Mar 1, 2010Aug 13, 2013Gemalto S.A.Electrical assemblyUS20120056177 *Feb 23, 2011Mar 8, 2012Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences3d integrated circuit structure and method for detecting chip mis-alignementEP1737039A2 *Feb 28, 2006Dec 27, 2006Nokia CorporationSemiconductor Package* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification257/618, 257/E23.178, 257/723, 257/619, 257/E29.22, 257/730, 257/E25.12, 257/420, 257/E21.705, 257/685, 257/797International ClassificationH01L23/538, H01L21/68, H01L25/065, H01L21/98, H01L29/06Cooperative ClassificationH01L2221/68313, H01L25/50, H01L2224/95136, H01L23/5389, H01L2924/10158, H01L25/0655, H01L21/6835, H01L2924/3025, H01L29/0657, H01L2224/13022, H01L2224/83136European ClassificationH01L21/683T, H01L25/50, H01L25/065N, H01L23/538VLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 15, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Jul 13, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 10, 2003FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 1, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW YFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:POGGE, H. BERNHARD;IYER, SUBRAMANIA S.;REEL/FRAME:009218/0031;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980528 TO 19980529RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google
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Andy Murray & Colin Fleming lose Rogers Cup doubles final - BBC Sport The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications
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Murray and Fleming on partnershipAndy Murray and Colin Fleming were beaten 6-4 7-6 (7-4) by Alexander Peya and Bruno Soares in the doubles final at the Rogers Cup in Montreal.After losing the first set, the Scots were broken early in the second by Austrian Peya and Brazilian Soares.They recovered to force a tie-break but the third seeds regained control to close out the match in straight sets.
Earlier this week, The world number two will move on to next week's Cincinnati Masters before the defence of his US Open title in New York later this month.
Share this page Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/23661675 Read more about sharing. Top Stories West Ham strike late to reach last 16 9 Feb From the section Football Read more on West Ham strike late to reach last 16 De Kock and Amla humble England as South Africa win 9 Feb From the section Cricket Read more on De Kock and Amla humble England as South Africa win Ireland legend O'Connell quits rugby 9 Feb From the section Rugby Union Read more on Ireland legend O'Connell quits rugby Related to this story Murray & Fleming in doubles final 11 Aug 2013 From the section Tennis Read more on Andy Murray & Colin Fleming through to Montreal doubles final Murray loses to Gulbis in Montreal 9 Aug 2013 From the section Tennis Read more on Andy Murray loses to Ernests Gulbis at Rogers Cup in Montreal Get Inspired Activity Finder Run by the BBC and partners Find ways to get active near you: Enter your town, city or postcode: Search Tue 09 Feb Steel City Striders Running Club Tue 09 Feb Ladies Only Gym Session For more ideas, information and inspiration, visit bbc.co.uk/getinspired Back to top Tennis Live Scores Results Video Calendar Draws Order of Play Men's Rankings Women's Rankings Tennis Home News Feeds Help & FAQs Explore the BBC News News Sport Weather Shop Earth Travel Capital iPlayer Culture Autos Future TV Radio CBBC CBeebies Food iWonder Bitesize Travel Music Earth Arts Make It Digital Taster Nature Local Terms of Use About the BBC Privacy Policy Cookies Accessibility Help Parental Guidance Contact the BBC Advertise with us Ad choices Copyright © 2016 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking.
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Jelena Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Јанковић, pronounced [jɛ̌lɛna jǎːnkɔv̞itɕ], born 28 February 1985) is a Serbian professional tennis player. Janković is a former World No. 1 in singles, a ranking achieved in the months following her finals appearance at the 2008 US Open. Janković's career highlights include winning the 2007 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles title with Jamie Murray, the 2010 BNP Paribas Open, the Internazionali BNL d'Italia twice, in 2007 and 2008, and the aforementioned appearance in the finals of the 2008 US Open. She is coached by her brother Marko.
Janković was born in Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as the third child of Veselin and Snežana, both economists.. She has two brothers, Marko and Stefan. She is a student at the Megatrend University in Belgrade, studying economics. However, she has put her course of study on indefinite hold as she continues to pursue her tennis career. Janković learned her first tennis skills at the Tennis Club 'Red Star'. As a 9 1⁄2-year-old she was introduced to tennis by her elder brother and fitness coach Marko. She was later trained at the Tennis Academy of Nick Bollettieri. As a junior she won the 2001 Australian Open and reached junior no. 1 in the world. In 2001, she started to play on the WTA Tour; she reached the second round at her first tournament at the Indian Wells Masters.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Jelena_Janković
Jankovic, Jelena Filmography
Famous quotes by Jelena Jankovic:
"I am working on every aspect of of my game, on moving forward, on my transition game. Also a very important part of my tennis is fitness. I want to be stronger, because in the past, this was my biggest weakness."
"It's just natural I just started to play like this I just hit the ball no one taught me to do it ? I'm a little bit left handed. I kick a ball with the left leg and I write right handed now, but before I wanted to always right left handed, but they always told me write right handed."
"I wasn't even playing tennis (when I first saw Seles). I was always watching (Seles) on TV with my dad and I decided to play tennis not because I wanted to be a professional player, but because my parents wanted me to get involved in something so I wouldn't be running around the streets in Serbia."
"I got sick when I was playing the semi-finals in Korea, and since then I've had a tough time playing,"
"At one point in the match I thought I was going to throw up, I think maybe it was 6-5. If it wasn't a final maybe I would have retired."
"At one point in the match I thought I was going to throw up, I think maybe it was 6-5 (in the first set). If it wasn't a final maybe I would have retired."
"It was a big mistake. I just couldn't concentrate."
"I have a new coach now and he's changing little things in my game. So all the shots feel so insecure at the moment."
"I'm not playing at my best, I don't feel the ball well. I have a new coach and he's changing things in my game, so the shots feel so insecure at the moment. My first (match) with him I lost in Toronto and now here. And before that I was not playing bad. Since I started with the coach, I'm not feeling so confident."
"I don't have confidence so I'm not playing my best. I have a new coach now and he's changing little things in my game. So all the shots feel so insecure at the moment."
Latest News for: jelena jankovic
1999 U.S. Open - def. Martina Hingis, 6-3, 7-6 (4). 2001 U.S. Open - lost to Venus Williams, 6-2, 6-4. 2002 French Open - def. Venus Williams, 7-5, 6-3. 2002 Wimbledon - def. Venus Williams, 7-6 (4), 6-3. 2002 U.S. Open - def. Venus Williams, 6-4, 6-3. 2003 Australian Open - def. Venus Williams, 7-6 (4), 3-6, 6-4 ... Jelena Jankovic, 6-4, 7-5 ... ....
2018 - Naomi Osaka (Japan) beat Serena Williams (U.S.) 6-2 6-4 2017 - Sloane Stephens (U.S.) beat Madison Keys (U.S.) 6-3 6-0 2016 - Angelique Kerber (Germany) beat Karolina Pliskova (Czech Republic) 6-3 4-6 6-4 2015 - Flavia Pennetta (Italy) beat Roberta Vinci (Italy) 7-6(4) 6-2 2014 - Serena Williams (U.S.) beat Caroline Wozniacki (Denmark) 6-3 ......
Jamie Murray underlined his reputation as the world’s best mixed doubles player here on Saturday when he won his second successive US Open title and his third in Grand Slam tournaments in the last 15 months ... The 32-year-old Scot, who won the first of his four Grand Slam mixed doubles titles alongside Jelena Jankovic at Wimbledon 11 years ago, and the 33-year-old American have been an instant hit together ... More ... “We match ... He added ... More ... ....
2018 - Naomi Osaka def. Serena Williams, 6-2, 6-4. 2017 - Sloane Stephens def. Madison Keys, 6-3, 6-0. 2016 - Angelique Kerber def. Karolina Pliskova, 6-3, 4-6, 6-4. 2015 - Flavia Pennetta def. Roberta Vinci, 7-6 (4), 6-2. 2014 - Serena Williams def. Caroline Wozniacki, 6-3, 6-3. 2013 - Serena Williams def. Victoria Azarenka, 7-5, 6-7 (6), 6-1. 2012 - Serena Williams def. Victoria Azarenka, 6-2, 2-6, 7-5 ... Jelena Jankovic, 6-4, 7-5 ... Mary K ... ....
Friday, Sept. 7, the 250th day of 2018. There are 115 days left in the year. Today's Highlight in History.. On Sept. 7, 1940, Nazi Germany began its eight-month blitz of Britain during World War II with the first air attack on London. On this date.. In 1901, the Peace of Beijing ended the Boxer Rebellion in China. In 1927, American television pioneer Philo T ... Serena Williams outlasted Jelena Jankovic 6-4, 7-5 to win her third U.S ... Actress J ... ....
Serena Williams´ grand slam successes
Serena Williams will equal Margaret Court’s all-time record of 24 major singles titles if she overcomes Japan’s Naomi Osaka in Saturday’s US Open final ... 1999 – US Open ... 2005 – Australian Open ... Williams bounced back after Venus had beaten her in the Wimbledon final to win the US Open for a third time with a 6-4 7-5 victory over Serbia’s Jelena Jankovic, which lifted her back to the top of the world rankings for the first time since 2003....
1993 – 25 years ago. • More than 15,000 students in the Rochester district headed to school this morning for the start of another year. • Firefighters from Lake City, Wabasha and Zumbro Falls fought a fire that destroyed part of the Independent Grain & Feed Co. elevator. It was the worst fire in Lake City in more than 20 years. 1968 – 50 years ago ... William J ... Serena Williams outlasted Jelena Jankovic 6-4, 7-5 to win her third U.S ... ....
Today is Friday, Sept. 7, the 250th day of 2018. There are 115 days left in the year. TODAY'S HIGHLIGHT IN HISTORY. On Sept. 7, 1940, Nazi Germany began its eight-month blitz of Britain during World War II with the first air attack on London. ON THIS DATE.. In 1901, the Peace of Beijing ended the Boxer Rebellion in China. In 1927, American television pioneer Philo T ... Serena Williams outlasted Jelena Jankovic 6-4, 7-5 to win her third U.S ... ....
On this date. Today's Highlight in History.. On Sept. 7, 1940, Nazi Germany began its eight-month blitz of Britain during World War II with the first air attack on London. On this date.. In 1901, the Peace of Beijing ended the Boxer Rebellion in China. In 1927, American television pioneer Philo T ... In 1977, the Panama Canal treaties, calling for the U.S ... Ten years ago ... Serena Williams outlasted Jelena Jankovic 6-4, 7-5 to win her third U.S ... ....
Today in History. Today is Friday, Sept. 7, the 250th day of 2018. There are 115 days left in the year. Today's Highlight in History.. On Sept. 7, 1940, Nazi Germany began its eight-month blitz of Britain during World War II with the first air attack on London. On this date.. In 1901, the Peace of Beijing ended the Boxer Rebellion in China ... In 2002, President George W ... Serena Williams outlasted Jelena Jankovic 6-4, 7-5 to win her third U.S....
Jamie Murray and Bethanie Mattek-Sands reach US Open mixed doubles final
Having won his first mixed doubles Grand Slam title alongside Jelena Jankovic at Wimbledon in 2007, Murray won two more last year when he partnered Martina Hingis to victory at the All England Club and at Flushing Meadows ... ....
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Life Agent Jobs, Employment in Hill AFB, UT
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Workforce Operations Jr. Forecasting Analyst
Ability to easily communicate with agents and all levels of management; CLEARLINK is the leading provider of content marketing and sales conversion services for...
View all CLEARLINK jobs in Salt Lake City, UT - Salt Lake City jobsSalary Search: Operations Analyst salaries in Salt Lake City, UTLearn more about working at ClearlinkClearlink questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:What is the interview process like?How long does it take to get hired from start to finish? What are the st...Related forums: Salt Lake City, Utah - Clearlink
View all Brinkman Insurance Agency jobs in Ogden, UT - Ogden jobsSalary Search: Finance & Insurance Manager salaries in Ogden, UTLearn more about working at Brinkman Insurance AgencyRelated forums: Ogden, Utah - American National
Wash Bay Attendant- Ken Garff Honda Riverdale
Company Paid Employee Life Insurance of $20,000. Voluntary Life Insurance for employee, spouse, and children. Clean upholstery, rugs, and other surfaces, using...
View all Ken Garff Auto Group jobs in Ogden, UT - Ogden jobsSalary Search: Car Wash Attendant salaries in Ogden, UTLearn more about working at Ken Garff Auto GroupKen Garff Auto Group questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:What is the interview process like?How would you describe the pace of work at Ken Garff Auto Group?Related forums: Ogden, Utah - Ken Garff Auto Group
Workforce Operations Jr. Management Forecasting Analyst
View all Clearlink jobs in Salt Lake City, UT - Salt Lake City jobsSalary Search: Workforce Manager salaries in Salt Lake City, UTLearn more about working at ClearlinkClearlink questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:What is the interview process like?How long does it take to get hired from start to finish? What are the st...Related forums: Salt Lake City, Utah - Clearlink
View all Brinkman Insurance Agency jobs in Ogden, UT - Ogden jobsSalary Search: Insurance Agent salaries in Ogden, UTLearn more about working at Brinkman Insurance AgencyRelated forums: Ogden, Utah - American National
Experience driving agent performance through monitoring, coaching and development. Motivated leaders with call center supervisor or management experience who...
View all Bed Bath and Beyond jobs in Layton, UT - Layton jobsSalary Search: Supervisor salaries in Layton, UTLearn more about working at Bed Bath and BeyondBed Bath and Beyond questions about work, benefits, interviews and hiring process:do i ever have to work really early before the store opens?How much do they payRelated forums: Supervisor - Layton, Utah - Bed Bath & Beyond
EFolks is now hiring Financial Solutions Agents to work from home! Having a healthy credit score impacts almost every aspect of life, from buying or renting a...
Life Insurance License. Mortgage protection insurance with no medical underwriting, inexpensive term, universal life, final expense, annuities, disability and...
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